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滞日日系ブラジル人児童生徒の学校適応と親子関係 の関連に関する

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滞日日系ブラジル人児童生徒の学校適応と親子関係 の関連に関する
Ꮫ ఩ㄽᩥせ᪨
᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ࡜ぶᏊ㛵ಀ
ࡢ㛵㐃࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ᳨ウ
ᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉
ᩍ⫱ே㛫⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ
㇂ῲ┿ஓ
┠ḟ
➨ 1 ❶ ⫼ᬒ࡜┠ⓗ
➨ 1⠇ ➨ 2⠇ ➨ 3⠇ ⛣Ẹཬࡧᅾ␃እᅜேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫ
ⓗ◊✲
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ
➨ 2 ❶ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ࡜ぶᏊ㛵ಀ
ࡢ㛵㐃
➨ 1⠇ ➨ 2⠇ ➨ 3⠇ ➨ 4⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேぶᏊࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀㄆ▱࡜Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂࡢ㛵㐃
㸦 ◊ ✲ 1㸧
 ᪥ ᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࡜ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ཧ
ຍ ࡜ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 㸦 ◊ ✲ 2㸧
୙Ⓩᰯࡢ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀཬࡧぶᏊ
ࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㉁ ⓗ ᳨ ウ 㸦 ◊ ✲ 3㸧
᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேࡢ㧗ᰯ㐍Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ⓗࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ
㉁ ⓗ ᳨ ウ 㸦 ◊ ✲ 4㸧
➨ 3 ❶ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ
➨ 1⠇ ➨ 2⠇ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
ᮏ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㝈⏺࡜௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟
➨ 1 ❶ ⫼ᬒ࡜┠ⓗ
➨ 1 ⠇ ⛣Ẹཬࡧᅾ␃እᅜேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
⛣ Ẹࡢ ཷ ࡅ ධࢀ ࡢ Ṕ ྐ ࡀ㛗 ࠸ Ḣ ⡿ㅖ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ୡ ⏺ ୰ ࠿ࡽ ࡢ ⛣ Ẹ ࡢ ඣ ❺
⏕ ᚐࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ◊ ✲ ࡀ ከ ࡃ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ࡁ ࡓ ࠋ Ꮫ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ࡜
ࡣ 㸪Ꮫ ᰯ ࡸ Ꮫᴗ ࡬ ࡢ ✚ ᴟⓗ 㛵 ୚ ཬࡧ ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࡼࡗ ࡚ ಁ 㐍ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ Ꮫ ᴗୖ ࡢ 㐩
ᡂ ࡜ᐃ ⩏ ࡉ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Motti-Stefanidi & Masten㸪 2013㸧ࠋ ≉ ࡟ 㸪༡ ⡿ ࠿ ࡽ
ࡢ ⛣Ẹ ࡢ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪Ꮫ ᴗ ᡂ ⦼ ࡸ 㐍 Ꮫ ⋡ ࡢప ࡉ 㸪 ࢻࣟ ࢵ ࣉ ࢔ ࢘ࢺ ⋡ ࡢ
㧗 ࡉ࡞ ࡝ Ꮫ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ୖ ࡢ ၥ㢟 ࡀ ከ ࠸㸦 Fuligni & Witkow㸪2004㸧ࠋ Ꮫᰯ ୙ 㐺
ᛂ ࡢᚰ ⌮ ⓗ せᅉ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ࣍ ࢫ ࢺᅜ ࡢ ே ࠎ ࠿ࡽ ࡢ ೫ ぢ㸪 ⛣ Ẹ ඛ ࡢࢥ ࣑ ࣗ
ࢽ ࢸ࢕ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ࡢ ぶ ࡢ Ꮩ ❧㸪 ẕ ᅜ ࡢᐙ ᪘ ୺ ⩏ ⓗᩥ ໬ ࢆ 㔜ど ࡍ ࡿ ぶ ࡜⛣ Ẹ ඛ
ࡢ ಶ ே ୺ ⩏ ⓗᩥ ໬ ࡟ 㡰 ᛂࡍ ࡿ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡜ ࡢ 㛫 ࡢ ᩥ ໬ ⓗⴱ ⸨ ࡞ ࡝ ࡀᣦ ᦬ ࡉ
ࢀ ࡚࠸ ࡿ 㸦 Baptiste㸪 1990; Felix-Ortiz, Fernandez, & Newcomb, 1998; Gil,
Wagner, & Vega㸪 2000㸧ࠋ
ࢃ ࡀᅜ ࡛ ࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ ௦ ࡟᪥ ⣔ ༡ ⡿ே ࡜ ࡑ ࡢ ᐙ᪘ ࡟ ᐃ ఫ࣭Ọఫ ㈨ ᱁ࡀ ㄆ
ࡵ ࡽࢀ 㸪 ᑵ ປ┠ ⓗ ࡛ ᮶ ᪥ࡍ ࡿ ᪥ ⣔ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே 㸦 ௨ ୗ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே 㸧 ࡀ ቑ
ຍ ࡋ㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᩘࡣ ୰ ᅜ 㸪 㡑ᅜ ࣭ ᮅ 㩭㸪 ࣇ ࢕ ࣜ ࣆࣥ ࡟ ḟ ࠸࡛ 4 ␒ ┠ ࡟ከ ࡃ ࡞
ࡗ ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸦 ἲ ົ┬ 㸪2013㸧ࠋࡑࢀ ࡟ క ࠸ 㸪ᐙ ᪘࡜ ඹ ࡟ ᮶᪥ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ࡣ ᪥ ᮏ ࡛
ฟ ⏕ࡋ 㸪Ꮫ 㱋 ᮇ࡟ 㐩 ࡋ ᪥ᮏ ࡢ බ ❧Ꮫ ᰯ ࡟ ㏻ ࠺ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡀ ቑ ࠼㸪
ᙼ ࡽࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ ୙㐺 ᛂ 㸪 ࢔ ࢖ࢹ ࣥ ࢸ ࢕ࢸ ࢕ ࡢ ᕼ ⷧ໬ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢᅔ 㞴 ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ࡉ ࢀ ࡚
࠸ ࡿ㸦 ᐑ ᆏ㸪2000; ኴ ⏣㸪2002; 㛵 ཱྀ㸪2003㸧ࠋࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫ
ᰯ ୙㐺 ᛂ ࡟ 㛵㐃 ࡍ ࡿ せ ᅉ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪␗ ᩥ ໬ 㛫ᩍ ⫱ ࡸ Ꮫᰯ ಖ ೺ ࡢ ほⅬ ࠿ ࡽ㸪
ゝ ㄒࡢ ၥ 㢟 㸪⏕ ά ⩦ ័ ࡢཷ ࡅ ධ ࢀᗘ ྜ ࠸ 㸪 ぶᏊ 㛫 ࡢ ఍ヰ ࡢ ᑡ ࡞ ࡉ㸪 ᪥ ᮏ
ே ཬࡧ ྠ ᅜ ே࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ࢃ ࡾࡢ ᕼ ⷧ ࡉࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ᮅ ಴ 㸪2005; ᥃ ᮐ 㸪
2004; ᥃ ᮐ࣭㒯 㸪2003㸧ࠋࡇ ࢀ ࡽࡢ せ ᅉ ࡣ 㸪ฟ ✌ ࡂ ┠ⓗ ࡛ ᮶ ᪥ ࡋ ࡚ከ ᛁ ࡛
࠶ ࡾ㸪 ᪥ ᮏ ᩥ໬ ࡟ 㥆 ᰁ ࡵࡎ 㸪 ᖐ ᅜ᫬ ᮇ ࡀ ୙ ᫂☜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே
1
ࡢ ぶ≉ ᭷ ࡢ ᩥ໬ ⓗ ⤒ ῭ ⓗせ ᅉ ࡢ ᙳ㡪 ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ⇃ᓮ 㸪 2003㸧ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ㸪
࣍ ࢫࢺ ᅜ ࡢ せᅉ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᪥ ᮏ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ ࡢ ᣢ ࡘ ᩥ໬ ⓗ ྠ ㉁໬ ࡬ ࡢ ᅽ ຊࡢ ᙉ ࡉ
㸦 ᚿỈ ࣭ Ύ Ỉ㸪 2001㸧 ࡀ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࠋ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽࡣ 㸪 ಖ
ㆤ ⪅ࡢ ᖐ ᅜ ព㆑ ࡢ ᭕ ᫕ ࡉࡸ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡢ 㐍 ㊰ ព㆑ ࡢ ୙ ᫂☜ ࡉ ࡀ ᳨ ウࡉ ࢀ ࡚
࠸ ࡿࡢ ࡳ ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸦 ᮡ ᒸ㸪2007㸧ࠋࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ⌮ ゎ ࡢ ࡓࡵ ࡟ ࡣ ᙼ ࡽ࡟ ≉ ᭷
ࡢ ᩥ໬ ⓗ ⤒ ῭ⓗ せ ᅉ ࡟ ᙳ㡪 ࢆ ཷ ࡅࡿ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ࡜ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࢆᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ
ⓗ ࡟᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿࠋ
➨ 2 ⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ
◊✲
ࢥ ࣑ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ࡣ 㸪ಶ ே ࡜ ࢥ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ ࡸ ♫ ఍ ࡜ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡟ ↔Ⅼ ࢆ
ᙜ ࡚㸪 ༠ ാ ⓗ࣭ ཧ ⏬ ⓗ ࡞◊ ✲ ࡜ ᐇ㊶ ࢆ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚㸪 ಶ ே 㸪ࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ࢕ 㸪 ♫
఍ ࡟࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ⏕ά ࡢ ㉁ ࢆ ྥୖ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᪉ ⟇ࢆ ᶍ ⣴ ࡋᐇ ㊶ ࡍ ࡿ ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ࡛
࠶ ࡿ㸦 Dalton, Elias, & Wandersman㸪2001㸧ࠋ ⡿ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ༡ ⡿ ⣔ ⛣ Ẹࡢ ඣ ❺
⏕ ᚐࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚㸪 ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࡢ᳨ ウ ཬ ࡧࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙࠸ ࡓ ᐙ
᪘ ࡬ࡢ ௓ ධ ࣉࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡢᐇ ᪋㸦 Azmitia & Brown㸪2002; Pantin, Coatsworth,
Feaster, Newman, Briones, Prado, & Szapocznik 㸪 2003㸧 ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ࢥ ࣑ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ
࢕ ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ ◊✲ ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪 ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀ ࡬ࡢ ௓ ධ ࡢ ຠᯝ ࡣ ᩥ
໬ ᕪࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡀ኱ ࡁ ࡃ 㸪 ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ◊✲ ࡢ ▱ ぢ ࢆࢃ ࡀ ᅜ ࡢࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே࡟ ࡑ ࡢ
ࡲ ࡲ㐺 ⏝ ࡍ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡛ ࡁ࡞ ࠸ 㸦 Forehand & Kotchick㸪 1996㸧ࠋ
ࢃࡀ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᕷ Ẹ ࣎ ࣛࣥ ࢸ ࢕ ࢔ࡸ NPO ࢆ ୰ ᚰ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࢥ࣑ ࣗ ࢽࢸ ࢕࣭࢚
ࣥ ࣃ࣡ ࣓ ࣥ ࢺࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡀ ࠶ࡾ㸦 Ṋ⏣ 㸪2004㸧㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ཬࡧ ᪥ ᮏ
ே ᨭ ᥼ ⪅ ࡬ ࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ホ ౯ ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ᮡ ᒸ ࣭ ඤ ⋢ 㸪 2007; ➉ ᒣ ࣭ ⴱ
す 㸪2008㸪2009㸧ࠋᮡ ᒸ࣭ඤ ⋢㸦2007㸧ࡣ ࡉࡽ ࡟ 㸪ࢽ࣮ ࢬ ホ ౯ ࢆᇶ ࡟ Ẹ 㛫
ᅋ య㸪 Ꮫ ᰯ 㸪⾜ ᨻ 㸪 ኱ Ꮫ➼ ࡢ 㛵 ಀᶵ 㛵 ࡀ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ
ࡢ ࡓࡵ ࡢ ᨭ ᥼⪅ ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢡ ࢆ ᒎ㛤 ࡋ ࡓ ஦ ౛ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ㸪 ࢯ ࣮ ࢩ ࣕࣝ ࣭ ࢧ
2
࣏ ࣮ࢺ ࣭ ࢿ ࢵࢺ ࣡ ࣮ ࢟ ࣥࢢ 㸦 ௨ ୗ㸪 ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ 㸧 ࡟ 㸪 ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡬
ࡢ ಶู ᨭ ᥼ ࡢศ ᩿ ࡢ ゎ ᾘ㸪 ᨭ ᥼ ⪅ࡢ Ꮩ ⊂ ឤ ࡸᏙ ❧ ឤ ࡢ㍍ ῶ ࡸ ᨭ ᥼ ព ḧ ࡢ
ྥ ୖ㸪ᐁ Ẹ ༠ാ ࡢ ಁ 㐍 ࡜࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ຠᯝ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ࡜ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋࡓ ࡔ ࡋ 㸪
ࡇ ࢀࡽ ࡢ ◊ ✲࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ㏻ ᖖࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ➨ ୍ ࡢ ࢱ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡜࡞ ࡿ ᐙ
᪘ ࡍ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ࡋ ࡓ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬホ ౯ ࡀ ㄢ㢟 ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ṧࡉ ࢀ ࡓࠋ
➨ 3 ⠇ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ
ᮏ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ぶ ࡜ ࡢࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣡ ࣮࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ホ ౯ ࡢ ᇶ ♏
ⓗ ◊✲ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ 㸪 ぶ ࡢ୺ ほ ⓗ ࢽ࣮ ࢬ 㸪 ぶ ࡜ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡸ
ᆅ ᇦ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀࡢ ≉ ᚩ ཬ ࡧࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡜ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢᏛ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࢆ ᫂ࡽ ࠿ ࡟
ࡍ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ┠ⓗ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ල య ⓗ ࡟ࡣ 㸪 ◊ ✲ 1 ࡛ ࡣ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀ
ㄆ ▱ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࡜Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 㸪 ◊ ✲ 2 ࡛ ࡣ ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ཬࡧ ᆅ ᇦ ཧ
ຍ ࡢ≉ ᚩ ࡜ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 㸪 ◊✲ 3 ࡛ ࡣ ୙Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ
ࡢ ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ▱ ཬ ࡧ ぶ Ꮚࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ 㸪 ◊ ✲ 4 ࡛ ࡣ 㧗ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ⪅ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ୖ
ࡢ ᅔ㞴 ཬ ࡧ 㐺ᛂ ࡟ ⮳ ࡿ ࣉࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ
➨ 2 ❶ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ࡜ ぶᏊ㛵ಀ
ࡢ 㛵㐃
➨ 1 ⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேぶᏊࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀㄆ▱࡜Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂࡢ㛵㐃
㸦 ◊ ✲ 1㸧
1㸬 ┠ ⓗ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ 㸪 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫ
⩦ 㸪ᩍ ᖌ 㸪 つ๎ 㸪 ≉ ู άື ࡬ ࡢ ែᗘ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 㐃ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ
2㸬᪉ ἲ ศ ᯒ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ ⏕ ࠿ ࡽ୰ Ꮫ 3 ᖺ ⏕ࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡜ ࡑࡢ ぶ ࠋ
ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ぶᏊ 301 ⤌ 㸪᪥ ᮏ ே ぶᏊ 509 ⤌ ࠋ᭷ ຠ ᅇ ⟅ᩘ ࡣ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ
❺ ⏕ᚐ ⩌ 128 ྡ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ㱋 12.6 ṓ 㸪SD=1.5㸪 ⏨ᛶ 52 ྡ 㸪 ዪ ᛶ 㸪 72 ྡ㸪
ᑠ 5: 37 ྡ㸪ᑠ 6: 31 ྡ㸪୰ 1: 21 ྡ㸪୰ 2: 21 ྡ㸪୰ 3: 12 ྡ 㸧㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ
ே ぶ ⩌ 130 ྡ 㸦ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 39.9 ṓ㸪 SD=6.6㸪 ⏨ ᛶ 40 ྡ 㸪ዪ ᛶ 86 ྡ㸧㸪 ᪥
3
ᮏ ேඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ 461 ྡ 㸦ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 12.7 ṓ 㸪SD=1.5㸪 ⏨ ᛶ 214 ྡ 㸪ዪ ᛶ㸪
244 ྡ㸪ᑠ 5: 88 ྡ 㸪ᑠ 6: 102 ྡ 㸪୰ 1: 89 ྡ 㸪୰ 2: 91 ྡ 㸪୰ 3: 91 ྡ㸧㸪
᪥ ᮏே ぶ⩌ 455 ྡ㸦 ᖹ ᆒᖺ 㱋 40.6 ṓ 㸪SD=5.3㸪⏨ᛶ 40 ྡ 㸪ዪᛶ 412 ྡ㸧
࡛ ࠶ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⏝ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡣ ௨ ୗ ࡢ ㏻ ࡾ ࠋ㸦 a㸧 Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺
ᛂ ឤᑻ ᗘ㸦 22 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸᥃ ᮐ࣭㒯㸦2003㸧ࡢ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤᑻ ᗘ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ㸪ࠕ Ꮫ⩦
ព ḧࠖ7 㡯 ┠㸦α=.82㸧㸪
ࠕ ᩍ ᖌ ࡜ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࠖ5 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.72㸧㸪
ࠕつ ๎ ࡬ࡢ ែ ᗘࠖ
6 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.86㸧㸪ࠕ≉ ู άື ࡬ ࡢ ែᗘ ࠖ 4 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.81㸧ࡢ 4 ୗ ఩ᑻ ᗘ 㸪 5
௳ ἲࠋ㸦b㸧㐍 ㊰ ព ㆑ ᑻ ᗘ㸦 9 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸ΎỈ㸦 1990㸧ࡢ㐍 ㊰ ୙ Ỵ ᩿ ᑻᗘ ࡢ ࠺
ࡕ㸪ࠕ 㐍㊰ ୙ Ᏻ ࠖ 4 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.65㸧㸪ࠕ㐍 Ꮫ ࣔࣛ ࢺ ࣜ ࢔࣒ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.84㸧
ࡢ 2 ୗ ఩ ᑻ ᗘ㸪5 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦c㸧ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ᑻ ᗘ㸦 20 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸ᮾ࣭᯽ ᮌ࣭⦾ ከ ࣭
၈ ⃝㸦 2002㸧ࡢ ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀデ ᩿ ᳨ ᰝ㸦 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⏝ 㸧ࡢ࠺ ࡕ㸪
ࠕ ⿕ ཷᐜ ឤ ࠖ10
㡯 ┠㸦 α=.87㸧㸪ぶ ࠿ ࡽ ┘ど ࡉ ࢀ ࡚࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ឤ ࡌࡿ ⛬ ᗘ ࡛࠶ ࡿࠕ ᚰ ⌮ⓗ ౵ ධࠖ
5 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.65㸧㸪
ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せồ ࠖ5 㡯┠㸦 α=.68㸧ࡢ 3 ୗ఩ ᑻ ᗘ㸪5 ௳ ἲࠋ
㸦 d㸧
ᒓ ᛶ㸦 17 㡯 ┠㸧
㸸 ᪥ ᖺᩘ 㸪ᖐ ᅜ ព ㆑࡞ ࡝ࠋぶ ⏝㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡣ௨ ୗ ࡢ㏻ ࡾࠋ
㸦 a㸧
ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ᑻ ᗘ 㸦 10 㡯 ┠㸧㸸ᮾ ௚ 㸦2002㸧 ࡢぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀデ ᩿ ᳨ ᰝ 㸦 ぶ ⏝ 㸧 ࡢ
࠺ ࡕ㸪ࠕ↓ 㛵 ᚰ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.70㸧㸪ࠕ㣴 ⫱ ୙Ᏻ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.60㸧 ࡢ 2 ୗ ఩
ᑻ ᗘ㸪 5 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦 b㸧 ᑗ ᮶ᒎ ᮃ ᑻ ᗘ 㸦 5 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸 ⓑ஭ 㸦 1994㸧 ࡢ ᫬㛫 ⓗ ᒎ ᮃ
య 㦂ᑻ ᗘ ࡢ ࠺ࡕ 㸪ࠕ ┠ ᶆᚿ ྥ ᛶ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.64㸧㸪5 ௳ἲ ࠋ㸦 c㸧 ᒓ ᛶ 㸦 21
㡯 ┠㸧㸸᪥ ᖺ ᩘ 㸪᮶ ᪥┠ ⓗ 㸪ᖐᅜ ព ㆑ ࡞ ࡝ࠋ࡞ ࠾ 㸪ᮾ ௚㸦 2002㸧࡜ ྠ ࡌ
ࡃ α=.60 ௨ ୖ ࡢୗ ఩ ᑻ ᗘࢆ ศ ᯒ ࡟⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋㄪ ᰝ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ↓ グ ྡ ⮬グ ᘧ ࡢ
ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ⏝ ཬࡧ ぶ ⏝ ㉁ ၥ⣬ ࢆ స ᡂࡋ 㸪 ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ∧ ࠿ ࣏ ࣝࢺ ࢞ ࣝ ㄒ ∧ࡢ ࡝ ࡕ
ࡽ ࠿୍ ᪉ ࡟ ᅇ⟅ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࣏ࣝ ࢺ ࢞ ࣝ ㄒ∧ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ࡣ ㏫ ⩻ ヂ ࢆ⾜ ࠸ 㸪
⾲ ⌧ࡢ 㐺 ษ ࡉࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᫬ᮇ ࡣ 2005 ᖺ 12 ᭶࠿ ࡽ 2006 ᖺ 10 ᭶ ࡛
࠶ ࡗࡓ ࠋ
3㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ⪃ ᐹ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ⩌ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ᑻ ᗘ ᚓ
4
Ⅼ ࡟ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ⥆᯶ ࡛ ᕪ ࡀ ࡳࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ࡗ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪∗ ẕ ࢆ ྜࢃ ࡏ ࡚ ศ ᯒࡋ ࡓ ࠋ
ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ࡟ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ᪥ ఑ ẚ㍑ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗࡓ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪
ࠕ↓ 㛵 ᚰࠖ࡟ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே
ぶ ⩌㸦 M=1.99㸪SD=0.81㸧ࡢ ᪉ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ே ぶ ⩌㸦 M=2.31㸪SD=0.60㸧ࡼ ࡾࡶ
ప ࡃ 㸦t㸦583㸧 =4.85㸪p<.01㸧㸪 ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ぶ ࡀ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ⾜ ື ࡸ Ẽᣢ
ࡕ ࡟㛵 ᚰ ࢆ ᣢࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ࡜ 㸪
ࠕ ⿕ ཷ ᐜ ឤࠖ
㸦㸦
t 587㸧=6.38㸪p<.01㸪఑ : M=4.17㸪
SD=0.72㸪᪥ : M=3.69㸪SD=0.76㸧㸪
ࠕ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ౵ධ ࠖ
㸦 t㸦586㸧=4.83㸪p<.01㸪
఑: M=3.51㸪SD=0.86㸪᪥: M=3.09㸪SD=0.87㸧㸪
ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せồ ࠖ
㸦 t㸦 586㸧=6.98㸪
p<.01㸪 ఑: M=3.89㸪 SD=0.86㸪 ᪥ : M=3.29㸪 SD=0.86㸧 ࡟ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ
ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏே ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ⩌ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ㧗 ࡃ 㸪 ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡀ ぶ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ
┘ どࡸ ᮇ ᚅ ࢆᙉ ࡃ ឤ ࡌ 㸪ྠ ᫬ ࡟ ឡ᝟ ࢆ ᙉ ࡃ ឤࡌ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡞
ࡗ ࡓࠋࡲࡓ 㸪ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ࡢࠕ⿕ ཷ ᐜឤ ࠖ࡜ࠕ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ౵ ධࠖ
㸦 r=.27㸪
p<.01㸧㸪ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ㸦r=.46㸪p<.001㸧 ࡟ ṇ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ
ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ぶᏊ ࡀ 㸪 ⡿ ᅜᅾ ఫ ࡢ ༡⡿ ⣔ ⛣ Ẹ ࡜ྠ ᵝ ࡟ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ㊥ 㞳 ࡢ㏆ ࠸ ぶ
Ꮚ 㛵ಀ㸦 Azmitia & Brown㸪2002㸧ࢆ ᣢࡘ ࡇ ࡜ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࣈ
ࣈࣛࢪࣝே
ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡜ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ 㸪ぶ ࡢ ᑗ ᮶ ᒎ ᮃ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ྛ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ ᚓ Ⅼ࡟ ᛶ ᕪ
ཬ ࡧᏛ ᰯ ✀ ࡟ࡼ ࡿ ᕪ ࡀ ㄆࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ㸪 ⏨ ዪ ཬ ࡧ ᑠ ୰ Ꮫ ⏕ࢆ ศ ࡅ
ࡎ ࡟ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ࡗ ࡓ ࠋᏛ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ឤ ཬࡧ 㐍 ㊰ ព ㆑ࢆ ᚑ ᒓ ኚᩘ 㸪ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ ㄆ ▱㸪
ぶ ࡢᑗ ᮶ ᒎ ᮃ㸪 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐࡢ  ᪥ ᮇ㛫 ཬ ࡧ Ꮫ ᖺࢆ ㄝ ᫂ ኚᩘ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㔜ᅇ ᖐ ศ
ᯒ ࢆ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡑ ࡢ⤖ ᯝ㸪ୖ グࡢ ኚ ᩘ ࡛Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ឤࡢ 20%࠿ ࡽ 40%ࡀㄝ ᫂
࡛ ࡁࡿ ࡇ ࡜㸪࡞ ࠿ ࡛ ࡶࠕ ⿕ ཷ ᐜឤ ࠖࡀ㸪
ࠕ つ ๎࡬ ࡢ ែ ᗘࠖ
㸦 β=.54㸪p<.001㸧
࡞ ࡝Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂឤ ࡜ ᭱ ࡶ ᙉ࠸ ṇ ࡢ 㛵㐃 ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡇ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ࠿ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ඣ ❺
⏕ ᚐࡀ ぶ ࠿ ࡽࡢ ឡ ᝟ ࢆ ឤࡌ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿࡼ ࠺ ᨭ ᥼ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ᛶࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀࡓ ࠋ
ࠕࣔ
ࣛ ࢺࣜ ࢔ ࣒ࠖ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せồ ࠖ㸦 β=-.22㸪 p<.05㸧 ࡀ ㈇ࡢ 㛵 㐃㸪ࠕ ぶ ࡢ
㣴 ⫱୙ Ᏻࠖ㸦 β=.19㸪p<.05㸧ࡀ ṇ ࡢ 㛵㐃 ࢆ ♧ࡋ ࡓࠋぶ ࡢ ୙Ᏻ ࢆ పῶ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ
࡜ 㸪ぶ ࡢ ᮇ ᚅࢆ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ࡟ ఏ ࠼ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡣ 㐍 ㊰Ỵ ᐃ ࡢ ᨭ᥼ ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ ࠺ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ
5
ࡓ㸪ぶ ࡢࠕ┠ ᶆ ᚿ ྥ ᛶࠖࡣࠕ ᩍᖌ 㛵 ಀࠖ
㸦β=.26㸪p<.01㸧ཬ ࡧࠕ ≉ ู άື ࠖ
㸦 β=.15㸪 p<.05㸧 ࡜ ṇ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ぶ ࡀ ᑗ ᮶ ࡢ ┠ ᶆ ࢆ ᫂ ☜ ࡟ ᣢ ࡚ ࡿ
ࡼ ࠺ᨭ ᥼ ࡍ ࡿᚲ せ ᛶ ࡶ ♧၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓࠋ ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ 㸪 ᶆ ᮏ ᩘ ࡀᑡ ࡞ ࡃ ᭷ ຠᅇ ⟅ ⋡
ࡶ ప࠸ ࡓ ࡵ ⤖ᯝ ࡢ ゎ 㔘 ࡟ࡣ ὀ ព ࢆせ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲࡓ 㸪 ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ᑻ ᗘ ࡢಙ 㢗 ᛶ
ࡀ ప࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡓࡵ ᑻ ᗘ ࢆ ᨵၿ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ぶ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ ᩍ ⫱ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ
࡟ 㥆ᰁ ࡵ ࡞ ࠸ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ ୙ 㐺 ᛂ ࡜㛵 㐃 ࡍ ࡿ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᣦ ᦬ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ
ࡓ ࡵ㸦 ඤ⋢ 㸪2006㸧㸪ぶ ࡜Ꮫ ᰯ ཬ ࡧᆅ ᇦ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵ಀ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸࡚ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ
࠶ ࡿࠋ
➨ 2 ⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேぶᏊࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀㄆ▱࡜Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂ㸪ᆅᇦཧ
ຍ ࡜ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 㸦 ◊ ✲ 2㸧
1㸬 ┠ ⓗ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ 㸪 Ꮫ ᰯ ཬ ࡧ ᆅ ᇦ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ࢃ ࡾ ࢆ
᫂ ࡽ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ 㸪 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢᏛ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓࠋ
2㸬᪉ ἲ ศ ᯒ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ ⏕ ࠿ ࡽ୰ Ꮫ 3 ᖺ ⏕ࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡜ ࡑࡢ ぶ ࠋ
ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ぶᏊ 60 ⤌ ཬࡧ ᪥ ᮏ ேぶ Ꮚ 600 ⤌ ࠋ᭷ຠ ᅇ ⟅ ᩘࡣ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ
❺ ⏕ᚐ ⩌ 45 ྡ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ㱋 12.2 ṓ 㸪 SD=1.3㸪 ⏨ᛶ 24 ྡ 㸪 ዪ ᛶ 㸪 20 ྡ㸪
ᑠ 5: 12 ྡ㸪 ᑠ 6: 14 ྡ 㸪୰ 1: 8 ྡ㸪 ୰ 2: 5 ྡ 㸪୰ 3: 5 ྡ 㸧㸪 ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே
ぶ ⩌ 38 ྡ 㸦ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 40.1 ṓ 㸪SD=6.8㸪 ⏨ ᛶ 8 ྡ 㸪 ዪ ᛶ 29 ྡ㸧㸪᪥ ᮏ ே
ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ⩌ 593 ྡ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒᖺ 㱋 12.4 ṓ 㸪 SD=1.5㸪 ⏨ ᛶ 297 ྡ 㸪 ዪᛶ 㸪 296
ྡ 㸪ᑠ 5: 162 ྡ 㸪 ᑠ 6: 130 ྡ 㸪୰ 1: 101 ྡ 㸪୰ 2: 99 ྡ 㸪 ୰ 3: 97 ྡ㸧㸪
᪥ ᮏே ぶ⩌ 533 ྡ㸦 ᖹ ᆒᖺ 㱋 40.7 ṓ 㸪SD=4.8㸪⏨ᛶ 40 ྡ 㸪ዪᛶ 491 ྡ㸧
࡛ ࠶ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⏝ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡣ௨ ୗ ࡢ ㏻ ࡾࠋ㸦 a㸧 ぶ Ꮚ 㛵
ಀ ᑻᗘ 㸦20 㡯 ┠㸧㸸 ◊✲ 1 ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࡃ㸪ࠕ ⿕ ཷᐜ ឤ ࠖ 10 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.92㸧㸪ࠕ ᚰ
⌮ ⓗ౵ ධ ࠖ 5 㡯┠ 㸦 α=.70㸧㸪ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せồ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.71㸧 ࡢ 3 ୗ఩ ᑻ ᗘࠋ
㸦b㸧 Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤ 㸦 3 㡯┠ 㸧㸸 㡯 ┠ ᩘ ࢆ ῶ ࡽࡋ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ࡢ ㈇ ᢸ ࢆ ㍍ῶ ࡍ ࡿࡓ
ࡵ 㸪⊂ ⮬ ࡟ సᡂ ࠋ ₎ Ꮠ ⬟ຊ ཬ ࡧ Ḟᖍ ᪥ ᩘ ࡜ ࡢ㛵 㐃 ࢆ ⪃៖ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᤵᴗ ࡢ ⌮
6
ゎ ᗘ㸪 ᤵ ᴗ ࡬ࡢ ⯆ ࿡ 㛵 ᚰ㸪 Ⓩ ᰯ ពḧ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ྛ 1 㡯 ┠ 㸪5 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦 c㸧 Ḟ
ᖍ ᪥ᩘ㸦 1 㡯 ┠㸧㸸1 Ꮫ ᮇࡢ Ḟ ᖍ ᪥ᩘ 㸪3 ௳ ἲࠋ
㸦 d㸧₎ Ꮠ⬟ ຊ㸦 31 ၥ㸧㸸Ꮫ
ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ࡢ 㔜 せ࡞ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ ୍ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࣍ ࢫ ࢺ ᅜ ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ ゝ ㄒࡢ ⬟ ຊ ࢆ ᫂ࡽ ࠿ ࡟
ࡍ ࡿࡓ ࡵ 㸪ᑠ Ꮫ ᰯ࡛ ⩦ ࠺₎ Ꮠ ࡢ ㄞࡳ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ㸦17 ၥ 㸧࡜ ᭩ ࡁྲྀ ࡾ ࢸࢫ ࢺ㸦 14
ၥ 㸧ࠋ㸦 e㸧 㐍 ㊰ ᕼ ᮃ 㸸 ᕼ ᮃ ࡍ ࡿ 㐍 Ꮫ ඛ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥ ࠋ㸦 f㸧 ᆅ ᇦ ཧ ຍ 㸦 7 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸
ሿ ㏻࠸ ࡞ ࡝ࠋ㸦 g㸧ᒓ ᛶ㸦 8 㡯 ┠㸧㸸◊✲ 1 ࡜ ྠᵝ ࠋぶ ⏝ ㉁ ၥ⣬ ࡣ ௨ୗ ࡢ ㏻
ࡾࠋ㸦 a㸧 ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ ᑻ ᗘ 㸦5 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸 ◊ ✲ 1 ࡜ ྠࡌ ᑻ ᗘ ࡢ࠺ ࡕ ࠕ 㐩ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ
5 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.63㸧ࠋ㸦 b㸧 Ꮫᰯ ᩍ ⫱ ࡬ࡢ ᮇ ᚅ 㸦8 㡯 ┠㸧㸸࣋ ࢿ ࢵ ࢭ ᮍ᮶ ᩍ ⫱ ࢭ
ࣥ ࢱ࣮㸦 2004㸧ࡢࠕ Ꮫ ᰯ࡟ ᮇ ᚅ ࡍࡿ ᣦ ᑟ ࡸ ྲྀࡾ ⤌ ࡳࠖࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪ᇶ ♏ Ꮫ ຊ㸪
ཷ 㦂 Ꮫ ຊ 㸪 ⏕ ά ⩦័ ࡞ ࡝ 㸪 4 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦 c㸧 㐍 ㊰ ᕼ ᮃ 㸸 ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡟ ᕼ ᮃ ࡍ ࡿ
㐍 Ꮫඛ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥࠋ㸦 d㸧 ᆅ ᇦཧ ຍ 㸦10 㡯┠ 㸧㸸 Ꮫᰯ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵ࢃ ࡾ 㸪 ぶ ྠኈ ࡢ ஺
ὶ ࡞࡝ ࠋ
㸦e㸧ᒓ ᛶ㸦 9 㡯 ┠㸧
㸸◊✲ 1 ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࠋㄪ
ㄪ ᰝ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ◊ ✲ 1 ࡜ ྠ ࡌࠋ
࣏ ࣝࢺ ࢞ ࣝ ㄒ∧ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡢ⾲ ⌧ ࡟ ಟṇ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᫬ᮇ ࡣ 2008 ᖺ 12 ᭶
࠿ࡽ 2009 ᖺ 1 ᭶ࠋ
3㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ⪃ ᐹ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ぶ ࡢ ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࣈ ࣛ
ࢪ ࣝே ぶ ⩌ 㸦 M=4.21㸪SD=0.78㸧 ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏே ぶ ⩌ 㸦 M=3.09㸪 SD=0.62㸧
ࡼ ࡾ㧗 ࡃ㸦t㸦 569㸧=10.63, p<.001㸧㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ࡢ ぶ ࡣඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡬ࡢ ᮇ ᚅ
ࡀ ᙉ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ᪥఑ ẚ ㍑ ࡢ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 1 Ꮫ ᮇ ࡢ Ḟ
ᖍ ᪥ᩘ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸࡚ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ⩌ ࡢ ᪉ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ேඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ࡼ ࡾࠕ0
᪥㸦 ࡐࢇ ࡐ ࢇ ఇࢇ ࡛ ࠸ ࡞࠸ 㸧ࠖࡢ๭ ྜ ࡀ ప ࡃ㸪
ࠕ 30 ᪥ ௨ ୖ ࠖࡢ ๭ྜ ࡀ 㧗 ࠿
ࡗ ࡓ 㸦χ 2 㸦 2㸧=28.23㸪 p<.05㸧ࠋ ₎ Ꮠ ⬟ ຊ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ ࡢ
༙ ᩘ௨ ୖ ࡀ 㸪ᑠ 3 ௨ 㝆 ࡟⩦ ࠺ ₎ Ꮠࡢ ㄞ ࡳ ᭩ ࡁࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡎ῝ ้ ࡞ ᐇ ែࡀ ᫂ ࡽ
࠿ ࡟࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேぶ Ꮚ ࡢ 㐍 ㊰ᕼ ᮃ ࡛ ࡣ㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ぶ ⩌ ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ࣈ
ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ⩌ ࡼ ࡾ 㺀୰ Ꮫࡲ ࡛ 㺁ࡢ ๭ ྜ ࡀప ࡃ ࠕ ኱ Ꮫ㝔 ࡲ ࡛ ࠖࡢ ๭ ྜ
ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ 㸪 ぶ Ꮚ 㛫 ࡢ ┦ 㐪 ࡀ ኱ ࡁ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦 χ 2 㸦 3㸧=13.37㸪 p<.05㸧ࠋ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ
7
ᮏ ᅜࡢ ᪥ ⣔ ே♫ ఍ ࡛ ࡣ㸪ᩍ ⫱࡛ ㌟ ࢆ ❧࡚ ࡿ ព㆑ ࡀ ᙉ ࡃ㸦 ஧ᐑ 㸪2004㸧㸪ࡑ
ࢀ ࡀࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேぶ ⩌ ࡢ 㐍㊰ ᕼ ᮃ ࡢ 㧗ࡉ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ
ᆅ ᇦ ཧ ຍ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ᪥ ఑ẚ ㍑ ࡢ ⤖ᯝ 㸪ぶ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ ⾜ ஦ ࡬ࡢ ཧ ຍ 㢖 ᗘ㸦t㸦 38㸧
=5.01㸪p<.001㸧ཬ ࡧ Ꮫ ᰯ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ 㓄ᕸ ≀ ࢆ ぢ ࡿ㢖 ᗘ㸦t㸦 38㸧=7.25㸪p<.001㸧
ࡣ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ ⩌ ࡢ ᪉ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ே ぶ⩌ ࡼ ࡾ ᭷ព ࡟ ప ࠿ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே
ࡢ ぶࡣ Ꮚ ࡝ ࡶࡢ ᩍ ⫱ ࡟ ↓㛵 ᚰ ࡛ ࠶ࡿ ࡜ ㄗ ゎ ࡉࢀ ࡸ ࡍ ࠸㸦 ⏣ ୰ 㸪2004㸧ࡀ 㸪
ࠕ 㐩ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ ࡢ㧗 ࡉ ࡸ 㧗Ꮫ Ṕ ᚿ ྥ ࡜࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ≉ ᚩ ࡢ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ᪥ᮏ ே ᨭ
᥼ ⪅ࡢ 㛫 ࡛ ඹ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 㧗 ᏛṔ ᚿ ྥ ࡔࡀ ᩍ ⫱ ཧ ຍࡣ ᑡ ࡞
࠸ ࡇ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ㐍 ㊰ ࢆ ࡵ ࡄࡿ ぶ Ꮚ 㛫ࡢ ⴱ ⸨ ࡶ ⏕ࡌ ࡸ ࡍ ࠸࡜ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࣈ
ࣛࢪࣝேࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ࡜ぶᏊ㛵ಀㄆ▱ཬࡧᆅᇦཧຍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃 Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂ
ࡢ ᣦᶆ ࢆ ᚑ ᒓኚ ᩘ 㸪 ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱㸪 ぶ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦཧ ຍ 㸪 ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ᪥ ᮇ 㛫
ཬ ࡧᏛ ᖺ ࢆ ㄝ᫂ ኚ ᩘ ࡜ ࡍࡿ 㔜 ᅇ ᖐศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ⤖ ᯝ㸪ࠕ 㐩ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ
࡜ ࠕ 㐍 ㊰ ᕼ ᮃ ࠖ ࡟ ṇ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࡀ 㸦 β=.43㸪 p<.01㸧㸪ࠕ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ౵ ධ ࠖ ࡜ ࠕ Ḟ ᖍ
᪥ ᩘࠖ ࡟ ㈇ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࡀ 㸦β=-.41㸪p<.01㸧 ࡳ ࡽ ࢀࡓ ࠋ ぶ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ┘ ど ࢆឤ ࡌ ࡿ
ࡇ ࡜ࡣ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡢ Ⓩ ᰯ ⾜ື ࢆ ⥔ ᣢࡋ 㸪 ぶ ࠿ ࡽࡢ ᮇ ᚅ ࢆឤ ࡌ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ࡣ 㐍 Ꮫ
࡬ ࡢ ព ḧ ࢆ 㧗 ࡵ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ୍ ᪉ 㸪ࠕ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ౵ ධ ࠖ ࡜ ࠕ ⯆ ࿡ 㛵 ᚰ ࠖ
㸦β=-.33㸪p<.05㸧㸪 ぶ ࡢࠕ 㐩 ᡂせ ồ ࠖ࡜ ࠕⓏ ᰯ ព ḧࠖ㸦 β=-.28㸪p<.05㸧 ࡟
㈇ ࡢ㛵 㐃 ࡀ ࡳࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ Ⓩᰯ ࡸ ᤵ ᴗ࡬ ࡢ ✚ ᴟ ⓗែ ᗘ ࡛ ࡣ㸪 ぶ ࠿ ࡽ ឤࡌ ࡿ ឡ
᝟ ࡢᙉ ࡉ ࡀ ྠ⛬ ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿሙ ྜ 㸪 ぶ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ┘ どࡸ ᮇ ᚅ ࡢᙉ ࡉ ࡀ 㸪 Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ
ឤ ࢆప ୗ ࡉ ࡏࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀࡓ ࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪
ࠕ ぶ ࡢᆅ ᇦ ά ື ࠖ࡜ࠕ Ⓩᰯ ព
ḧࠖ࡟ ࡶṇ ࡢ 㛵 㐃ࡀ ࡳ ࡽࢀ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ㸦β=.43㸪p<.01㸧㸪ぶࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ཧຍ ࢆ ಁ ࡍ
ᨭ ᥼ࡶ ᭷ ຠ ࡛࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 せᅉ ࡣ ᫂
ࡽ ࠿࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓࡀ 㸪 ࢥ ࣑ ࣗࢽ ࢸ ࢕ ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ ௓ ධ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ࡽ ࡣ 㸪 ୙ 㐺ᛂ ≧ ែ
࠿ ࡽ㐺 ᛂ ≧ ែ࡟ ྥ ࠿ ࠺ ኚ໬ ࡢ ࣉ ࣟࢭ ࢫ ࢆ ᳨ ウࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࡢࡓ ࡵ 㸪
Ꮫ ᰯ୙ 㐺 ᛂ ࡀ㢧 ⴭ ࡞ ୙ Ⓩᰯ ࡢ ஦ ౛ཬ ࡧ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ࡢ ୰࡛ ࡶ Ⰻ ዲ ࡞Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺
8
ᛂ ࢆ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㧗ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ஦ ౛ࢆ ㉁ ⓗ ࡟᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ
➨ 3 ⠇ ୙Ⓩᰯࡢ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀཬࡧぶᏊࡢ
ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㉁ ⓗ ᳨ ウ 㸦 ◊ ✲ 3㸧
1㸬┠ ⓗ ୙Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ཬ ࡧぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ࢽ ࣮ࢬ ࢆ᫂
ࡽ ࠿࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ
2㸬 ᪉ ἲ ㄪ ᰝ ᡭ ⥆ ୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ஦ ౛ ࢆ ཰ 㞟 ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ゼ ၥ 㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ᐇ ᪋
ࡋ ࡓࠋᮏㄪ ᰝ ࡣ A ᕷ ᩍ ⫱ጤ ဨ ఍ ⫋ဨ ཬ ࡧ ኱ Ꮫࡢ ◊ ✲ ⪅ࡀ ඹ ྠ ࡛ ᐇ᪋ ࡋ ࡓࠋ
እ ᅜே ࡢ ே ᶒ᧦ ㆤ ࡜ ಶ ே᝟ ሗ ಖ ㆤࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ㸪 ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ࡢ ᢳ ฟ ࡜ ゼၥ 㠃 ᥋
ㄪ ᰝᐇ ᪋ ཬ ࡧ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ࢥ ࣮ࢹ ࢕ ࣥ ࢢࡣ ᕷ ᩍ ጤ ⫋ဨ ࡀ ⾜ ࠸㸪◊ ✲ ィ ⏬ࡢ ❧ ᱌㸪
ゼ ၥ㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝࡢ ࣐ ࢽ ࣗ ࢔ࣝ స ᡂ 㸪ㄪ ᰝ ဨ ࡢ ஦๓ ◊ ಟ 㸪⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ศ ᯒ ࡣ ኱ Ꮫ
ࡢ ◊✲ ⪅ ࡀ ᢸᙜ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ࡢᢳ ฟ ࡣ 㸪A ᕷ ᮲ ౛ ࡜ እ ົ ┬
ࡢ ᣦᑟ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ࡁ 㸪௨ ୗ ࡢᡭ 㡰 ࡛ ⾜ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ
㸦 a㸧
ࠕ እᅜ ே Ⓩ 㘓ཎ ⚊ ࠖࢆ 㜀ぴ ࡋ 㸪
ᩍ ⫱ጤ ဨ ఍ ࡢᏛ ᰯ Ⓩ 㘓 ᝟ሗ ࡜ ↷ ྜࡋ ࡓ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪୙ ᑵ Ꮫ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ᅾఫ ࡣ ☜
ㄆ ࡉࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗࡓ ࠋ㸦b㸧 ᅾ⡠ ᰯ ࠿ ࡽࡢ ᝟ ሗ ࢆ ᇶ࡟ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ᅜ ⡠ ࡛ Ꮫᰯ ᇶ ᮏ
ㄪ ᰝࡢ ୙ Ⓩ ᰯࡢ ᇶ ‽ ࡟ ヱᙜ ࡍ ࡿ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ཬ ࡧᅾ ⡠ ᰯ ࡢᩍ ဨ ࠿ ࡽ ୙Ⓩ ᰯ ഴ
ྥ ࡀ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ุ᩿ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢྡ ⡙ ࢆ స ᡂࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 2007 ᖺ 5
᭶ 1 ᪥ ⌧ ᅾ㸪
㸪A ᕷ ࡢ ᑠ ୰Ꮫ ᰯ ࡟ ᅾ⡠ ࡍ ࡿ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ᅜ ⡠ࡢ ᑠ Ꮫ ⏕ 58 ྡ 㸪୰
Ꮫ⏕ 15 ྡ ィ 73 ྡ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ㸪୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ᑠᏛ ⏕ 9 ྡ 㸪୰ Ꮫ⏕ 3 ྡ ィ 12 ྡ ཬ ࡧ
ࡑ ࡢぶ ࡟ ᜳ ⓙㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗࡓ ࠋㄪ ᰝ 㡯 ┠ ᗈ ᓥᕷ ᕷ Ẹ ᒁே ᶒ ၨ Ⓨ 㒊㸦 2005㸧㸪
ྍ ඣᕷ ௻ ⏬ 㒊ࡲ ࡕ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ᥎ 㐍 ㄢ 㸦2006㸧㸪 ᩥ㒊 ⛉ Ꮫ ┬ 㸦 2007㸧 ࢆཧ ⪃ ࡟ 㸪
㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝ 㡯 ┠ ࢆ సᡂ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ぶ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ヱᙜ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ 㸦 a㸧 ୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ⌮ ⏤㸪
㸦 b㸧Ꮫ ᰯ ࡟⾜ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞࠸ ᫬ ࡢ 㐣ࡈ ࡋ ᪉ 㸪
㸦 c㸧Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ࡓࡵ ࡟ Ꮫ ᰯ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ḧ
ࡋ ࠸ࡇ ࡜ ࡞࡝ 11 㡯 ┠ ࢆᑜ ࡡ ࡓ ࠋ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡟ࡣ 㸪㸦 d㸧 ୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ⌮⏤ 㸪㸦 e㸧
Ꮫ ᰯ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ḧࡋ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜㸪㸦 f㸧 ぶ ࡟ ࡋ࡚ ḧ ࡋ ࠸ࡇ ࡜ ࡞ ࡝ 12 㡯 ┠ ࢆ ᑜ ࡡ ࡓࠋ
ㄪ ᰝ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ࣂ ࢖ ࣜ ࣥ ࢞ࣝ ࢆ ྵ ࡴㄪ ᰝ ဨ 3 ྡ ࡀ ྛ ᐙᗞ ࢆ ゼ ၥ ࡋ 㸪ぶ Ꮚ ྠ
9
ᖍ ࡢ㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝࢆ ᐇ ᪋ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᫬ᮇ ࡣ 2007 ᖺ 11 ᭶ ࠿ ࡽ 12 ᭶ ࡛࠶ ࡗ ࡓࠋ
஦ ౛ ᳨ ウ ἲ 12 ஦ ౛ ࡟ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ⮫ᗋ࣭ࢥ ࣑ ࣗࢽ ࢸ ࢕ ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ ࡞ ஦౛ ◊ ✲ࢆ
⾜ ࡗࡓ ࠋ
3㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ⪃ ᐹ ᅇ ⟅ ࡢ ᴫ せ ༠ ຊ ࡢᚓ ࡽ ࢀࡓ ᐙ ᪘ࡣ 6 ᐙ ᪘ ࡛㸪 ඣ ❺ ⏕
ᚐࡣ 11 ྡ㸦 ᑠ Ꮫ⏕ 8 ྡ 㸪୰ Ꮫ ⏕ 3 ྡ 㸧 ࡛ ࠶ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ஦౛ ࡢ ヲ ⣽ ࡣ┬ ␎ ࠋ
୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ஦ ౛ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ࡜ ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ୺ ほ ⓗ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ 㸦 a㸧᪥ ᮇ 㛫 ࡟ ࠿࠿ ࢃ
ࡽ ࡎ㸪࡯ ࡰ ඲࡚ ࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏㄒ ࡢ ㄞ ࡳ ᭩ࡁ ࡟ ᅔ 㞴ࢆ ᢪ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ࡓ ࠋ
㸦b㸧
ぶ ࡀ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ཭ ே 㛵 ಀ ࡢၥ 㢟 ࡸ ព ḧ ࡢ ῶ ㏥ ࡢࢧ ࢖ ࣥ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ࡽ ࡎ 㸪
୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ⌮ ⏤ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ぶ Ꮚ 㛫 ࡛ ㄆ ㆑ ࡟ ࡎ ࢀ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ㸦 c㸧 ୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ≧ ែ ࡀ
῝ ้ ໬࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ 㛗 ᮇ ໬ ࡋ ࡚࠸ ࡿ ሙ ྜ 㸪 ᨭ ᥼ ࡢ ࢽ࣮ ࢬ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ぶ Ꮚ 㛫࡟ 㱈
㱒 ࡀ ࠶ࡾ 㸪 ぶ Ꮚ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ Ꮫ ᰯࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ ྥ ࠿࡞ ࠸ ഴ ྥ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓࠋ㸦 d㸧
Ꮫ ᰯ ഃࡣ ᐙ ᗞ ࡜ 㐃 ᦠ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢᑐ ᛂ ࢆ ヨ ࡳ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 ゝㄒ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࡸ ᩥ ໬ ᕪ ࡞࡝ ࡛
ዌ ຌ ࡋ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ㛗 ᮇ ໬ ࡟ ࡣ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ᝏ໬ せ ᅉ ࡀ 㛵 㐃 ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ 㸦 ᑠ
ᯘ㸪2003㸧㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪୍ ᪦ ୙ Ⓩᰯ ≧ ែ ࡟࡞ ࡿ ࡜ ぶ Ꮚ㛫 ࡢㄆ
㆑ ࡢࡎ ࢀ ࡸ Ꮫᰯ 㞳 ࢀ ࡀ ῝้ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ண 㜵ⓗ ௓ ධ ࡀ 㔜 せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ
➨ 4 ⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேࡢ㧗ᰯ㐍Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ⓗࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ㉁
ⓗ ᳨ ウ 㸦 ◊ ✲ 4㸧
1㸬 ┠ ⓗ 㧗 ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ⪅ ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ୖ ࡢ ᅔ 㞴 ཬ ࡧ 㐺 ᛂ ࡟ ⮳ ࡿ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࢆ 㸪
ぶ 㸪Ꮫ ᰯ 㸪 ᆅᇦ ࡢ ࢧ ࣏ ࣮ࢺ ㈨ ※ ࡜ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ୺㢟 ࡜ ࡋ ᳨࡚ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ
2㸬᪉ ἲ ศ ᯒ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ᪥ᮏ ࡢ 㧗 ᰯ࡟ 㐍 Ꮫ ࡋ ࡓࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே 㧗 ᰯ ⏕ ཬࡧ ༞ᴗ
⏕ 6 ྡ ࠋ ศᯒ ࡟ ᚲ せ ࡞ ேᩘ ࢆ ☜ ಖࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ࡜ 㢮 ఝ ࡋࡓ ᩥ໬
ⓗ ⤒῭ ⓗ ⫼ ᬒཬ ࡧ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࣌ࣝ ࣮ே 2 ྡ ཬ ࡧ ࣇ ࢕ࣜ ࣆࣥ
ே 1 ྡ 㸪ィ 3 ྡ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓࠋ ◊ ✲ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ 2011 ᖺ 10 ᭶ ࠿ࡽ 2012 ᖺ 10 ᭶
࡟ ᪥ ᮏㄒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ༙ ᵓ 㐀 ໬ 㠃᥋ ࢆ ᐇ ᪋ ࡋ 㸪 ಟ ṇ ∧ࢢ ࣛ ࢘ ࣥ ࢹ ࢵ ࢻ ࣭ ࢭ࢜ ࣜ
࣮ ࣭ ࢔ ࣉࣟ ࣮ ࢳ 㸦 ᮌ ୗ 㸪2003㸧 ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣮ࣜ 㛫 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ ⏕
10
ᡂ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ᴫ ᛕ ཬ ࡧ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣮ࣜ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ ⓗ ጇ ᙜ ᛶ ࢆᢸ ಖ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᡭ ⥆ࡁ ࡣ
௨ ୗࡢ ㏻ ࡾࠋ㸦 a㸧 ㄪ ᰝ ᑐ㇟ ⪅ ࢆ ࡼࡃ ▱ ࡿ ኱ Ꮫᩍ ဨ ཬ ࡧ ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ⏕ 3 ྡࡀ ศ
ᯒ ࢆ ⾜࠸ 㸪 ྜ ព ࡢ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ᴫ ᛕ ཬ ࡧ ࢝ ࢸࢦ ࣜ ࣮ ࡣ ๐ 㝖 ࡋ ࡓࠋ㸦 b㸧
ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ࡬ࡢ ᨭ ᥼ ⤒ 㦂ࡢ ㇏ ࠿ ࡞ᨭ ᥼ ⪅ 1 ྡ ཬ ࡧࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫࢆ
ᑓ 㛛 ࡜ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ኱ Ꮫ ᩍ ဨ ࡜ 㸪ᴫ ᛕ ཬ ࡧ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣜ ࣮ࡀ ⌧ ᐇ ࡟ ༶ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ࠿ 㸪
᜛ ព ⓗ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡢ ☜ ㄆ ࢆ ⾜ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ಙ 㢗 ᛶࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ศᯒ ⪅
௨ እࡢ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫᑓ ᨷ ࡢ ኱ Ꮫ㝔 ⏕ 2 ྡ ࡜ ࡢ ศ 㢮 ⪅㛫 ୍ ⮴ ⋡ࢆ ⟬ ฟ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ㉁ ၥ
㡯 ┠ 㧗 ᰯ㐍 Ꮫ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ㸦 a㸧 ⮬ ศࡢ ⪃ ࠼㸪㸦b㸧㡹 ᙇ ࡾ㸪㸦 c㸧ⱞ ປ㸪㸦d㸧
ᐙ ᪘ࡢ ⪃ ࠼㸪㸦e㸧 ᪥ ᮏ ࡛ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ ⏕ά ࠋ
3㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ⪃ ᐹ ศ ᯒ ࡢ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 25 ಶࡢ ᴫ ᛕཬ ࡧ 7 ಶࡢ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣮ࣜ ࡀ ⏕ ᡂ
ࡉ ࢀࡓ ࠋ ᴫ ᛕ⏕ ᡂ ࡢ ศ 㢮⪅ 㛫 ୍ ⮴⋡ ࡣ 84.9%㸪࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣮ࣜ ⏕ ᡂ ࡢศ 㢮 ⪅
㛫 ୍⮴ ⋡ ࡣ 84.0%࡛ ࠶ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ࢝ ࢸࢦ ࣜ ࣮ 㛫 ࡢ㛵 㐃 ࢆ ᇶ࡟ 㸪 㧗 ᰯ 㐍Ꮫ ࡲ ࡛
ࡢ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ࣉ ࣟࢭ ࢫ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ➨ 1 ẁ 㝵 : ⤖ ᯝⓗ ࡟ 㧗 ᰯ ࡟ ྜ ᱁ ࡋ ࡓ
⪅ ࡢ࡯ ࡜ ࢇ ࡝ࡀ ᑠ ࣭ ୰ Ꮫᰯ ࡛ Ꮫ ⩦ୖ ࡢ ᅔ 㞴 ࠿ࡽ ຮ ᙉ ࡟ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ↓ Ẽຊ ࢆ ⤒
㦂 ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ➨ 2 ẁ 㝵: ᩍ ᖌ ࠿ࡽ ࡢ ᚋ ᢲ ࡋ ࡸᏛ ᰯ ࡛ ࡢᡂ ຌ య 㦂 ࡟ࡼ ࡗ ࡚
Ꮫ ⩦ࡀ ື ᶵ ࡙ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋᏛ ⩦ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ୍ ᫬ ⓗ ࡞㏥ ༷ ࠿ ࡽࡢ ᅇ ᚟ ࡟ ࡣ㸪 ぶ ࡜
ࡢ ᝟⥴ ⓗ ࡘ ࡞ࡀ ࡾ ࡸ Ꮫ ᰯ࣭ ᐙ ᗞ ௨እ ࡢ ㈨ ※ ࡢά ⏝ ࡀ ᭷ຠ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ➨ 3
ẁ㝵: ぶᏊ㛫ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ⴱ⸨ࡢඞ᭹ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ぶࡀ⏕ᚐ࡟⮬ࡽࡢᕼᮃࢆゝ
ⴥ ࡛ල య ⓗ ࡟ఏ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜㸪 ぶ ࡀ ⏕ᚐ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ᤵ ᴗ ཧ ほ࡞ ࡝ ┠ ࡟ ぢ࠼ ࡿ ⾜
ື ࢆ㉳ ࡇ ࡍ ࡇ࡜ ࡀ ᭷ ຠ ࡛࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ➨ 4 ẁ 㝵: Ꮫ ᰯ ୙㐺 ᛂ ࡸ ぶ Ꮚ 㛫ⴱ ⸨ ࡀ
῝ ้࡞ ሙ ྜ 㸪Ꮫ ຊ ྥ ୖ ࡢࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ಶู ᣦ ᑟ 㸪 ᚰ⌮ ⓗ Ᏻ ᐃࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ࣆ࢔ ࣭ ࢧ
࣏ ࣮ࢺ ࡞ ࡝ ᆅᇦ ㈨ ※ ࡢ ά⏝ ࡀ ຠ ᯝⓗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ➨ 5 ẁ 㝵: ཷ 㦂 ࢆ஌ ࡾ ㉺
࠼ ࡚㧗 ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫࢆ ᯝ ࡓ ࡋ ࡓ⪅ ࡣ 㸪 ࡼࡾ ࣏ ࢪ ࢸ ࢕ࣈ ࡛ ල యⓗ ࡞ ᑗ ᮶ ീ࡟ ᛮ ࠸
ࢆ ᕠࡽ ࡏ ࡿ ࡼ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪ࢧ ࣏ ࣮ ࢺࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡿ ഃ࠿ ࡽ ᚋ ㍮࡟ ࢧ ࣏ ࣮ ࢺࢆ ୚ ࠼
ࡿ ഃ࡬ ࡜ ⛣ ⾜ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ⤖ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ぶ ࡜ ࡢ ࢿࢵ ࢺ ࣡
11
࣮ ࢟ࣥ ࢢ ࡟ ࠾ࡅ ࡿ 3 ࡘ ࡢㄢ 㢟 ࡀ ᫂ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗࡓ ࠋ➨ 1 ࡣ 㸪ᨭ ᥼ ┠ᶆ ࢆࠕ Ꮫ
ᰯ ࡟㏻ ࠸ ⥆ ࡅࡿ ࠖ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟タ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡟ ࠾
࠸ ࡚ࡣ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ㧗 ప ࡟ ࠿ ࠿ࢃ ࡽ ࡎ ຮᙉ ࠿ ࡽ ୍ ᫬ⓗ ࡟ ㏥ ༷ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ࡑࢀ ࡛ ࡶ
ࠕ Ꮫᰯ ࡟ ㏻ ࠸⥆ ࡅ ࡿ ࠖ ࡇ࡜ ࡀ 㔜 せ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ࢆ ぶ ࡟ ㄆ ㆑ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ࠺ ᚲ せ
ࡀ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ ➨ 2 ࡣ 㸪 ぶ ࡟ ᝟⥴ ⓗ ࢧ ࣏࣮ ࢺ ᥦ ౪ ࡢ୺ せ ࡞ ㈨※ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ࡜ ࢆ ㄆ
㆑ ࡋ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠺ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࠋ
͆ ᐙ ᗞ ෆࡢ ⴱ ⸨͇ࡀ ኱ࡁ ࡃ ぶ ࡢࢧ ࣏ ࣮ࢺ ᶵ ⬟ ࡟
┠ ࡀྥ ࡁ 㞴 ࠸ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿࡢ ࡛ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ಖ ㆤ⪅ ఍ ࡞ ࡝ࢆ ㏻ ࡋ ࡓ ぶ࡬ ࡢ ᨭ
᥼ ࡀ㔜 せ ࡛ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ➨ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪ぶ ࡢ 㝈 ⏺ࢆ ⿵ ࠺ࡓ ࡵ 㸪Ꮫ ᰯࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ㈨ ※ ࡀ 㸪
ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ͆✚ ᴟ ⓗ ྲྀࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ͇ ࡟࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ㄢ㢟 ゎ Ỵ ࢆ ಶู ᣦ ᑟ
࡞ ࡝࡛ ┤ ᥋ ࢧ࣏ ࣮ ࢺ ࡍ ࡿᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ
➨ 3 ❶ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ
➨ 1 ⠇ ᮏ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝ
ᮏ ◊✲ ࡢ➨ 1 ࡢ ᡂ ᯝ ࡣ 㸪 ᪥ ᪥ ⣔ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேࡢ ␗ ᩥ ໬㐺 ᛂ ᨭ ᥼ ࡟㛵 ࡍ
ࡿ ࢥ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ࢕ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ◊ ✲ 㸦 ᮡ ᒸ 㸪 2008㸧 ࢆ ࡉ ࡽ ࡟Ⓨ ᒎ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚㸪 ࣈ ࣛ
ࢪ ࣝே ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࡸᆅ ᇦ ཧ ຍࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࡜ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ㛵 㐃 ࢆ ᳨ ウࡋ 㸪 ࣈ
ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ࡢ ࡓࡵ ࡢ ぶ ࡜ ࡢࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࡟ᙺ ❧ ࡘ
▱ ぢࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ➨ 2 ࡢ ᡂ ᯝࡣ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀࡲ ࡛ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡸᆅ ᇦ ࡢ
ᨭ ᥼⪅ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿᨭ ᥼ ࡀ ᅔ 㞴࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ≉ᚩ ࡸ ୺ ほ ⓗࢽ ࣮ ࢬ
ࢆ ᫂ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡋࡓ Ⅼ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ➨ 3 ࡢᡂ ᯝ ࡣ 㸪 ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ㧗 ᰯ 㐍
Ꮫ ࡢࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪ᮏ ே 㸪 ぶ㸪 Ꮫ ᰯ 㸪 ᆅᇦ ࡢ ᨭ ᥼⪅ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ࡳ ࡢ ┦
஫ స⏝ ࡀ Ꮫ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ࢆ ಁ 㐍ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟࡞ ࡗ ࡓ Ⅼ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ᮏ◊ ✲ ࡢ
ᡂ ᯝࡣ 㸪 ᪥ ᮏே ᨭ ᥼ ⪅ ࡸ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ಖ ㆤ ⪅ ࡀ㞟 ࡲ ࡿ እᅜ ே ಖ ㆤ ⪅఍ ࡞ ࡝
࡛ ࣇ࢕ ࣮ ࢻ ࣂࢵ ࢡ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ Ⓨᒎ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ࡟ ά ⏝ ࡉ ࢀࡓ 㸦 ඤ
⋢ 㸪2011㸧ࠋ
➨ 2 ⠇ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㝈⏺࡜௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟
12
ᮏ◊ ✲ ࡣ ᶓ᩿ ⓗ ࡞ ㄪ ᰝ◊ ✲ ࡀ ୰ᚰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓࡀ 㸪 ௒ ᚋࡣ ࢫ ࢡ ࣮ ࣝ࢝ ࢘ ࣥ
ࢭ ࣮ࣛ ࡞ ࡝ ࡜༠ ാ ࡋ ࡓ ⮫ᗋ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫⓗ ࡞ ◊ ✲ ࢆ⾜ ࠺ ᚲ せࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ 㧗ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ
ࡢ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ࣉ ࣟࢭ ࢫ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ௒ ᚋ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ࡢ ࢧ ࣥࣉ ࣝ ࢆ ༑ ศ࡟ ☜ ಖ
ࡋ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ≉ ᭷ ࡢ ࣉࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࢆ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ
ࡢ 㐍Ꮫ ࡟ క ࠺ ぶ ഃ ࡢ ᚰ ⌮ⓗ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭࢫ ࡶ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ࡟ 㸪 ᖐ
ᅜ ᚋࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡢ ෌ 㐺 ᛂᨭ ᥼ ࡟ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ᅾ ࢧ ࣥࣃ ࢘ ࣟ ࡢ᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ᚰ
⌮ Ꮫ⪅ ࡜ ༠ ാࡋ ᅜ 㝿 ⓗ ࡞ ◊ ✲ ࡶ ⾜࠺ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ࡿ㸦ඤ ⋢ 㸪2011; Nakagawa㸪
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ᘬ ⏝ᩥ⊩
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ࢫ ࢺࣞ ࢫ ⑕ ≧ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ̿ ឡ▱ ┴ୗ 2 ᕷ ࡢ බ ❧ᑠ ࣭ ୰ Ꮫᰯ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿㄪ
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᥃ ᮐ ⥤ (2004). ᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ࣓ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣊ ࣝ ࢫ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲
̿␗ᩥ໬せᅉࡢᙳ㡪࠿ࡽࡳࡓᏛᰯ⏕ά㐺ᛂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣜࢫࢡࣇ࢓ࢡ
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14
㐺 ᛂ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲ ̿ 㐺ᛂ ឤ ࡜ ᑐฎ ⾜ ື ࡟ࡼ ࡿ ᳨ ウ ␃ Ꮫ ⏕ ᩍ⫱ , 8,
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༠ ാ◊ ✲ࠕ እ ᅜ ேࡢ Ꮚ ࡝ࡶ ࡢ ᩍ ⫱⎔ ቃ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍࡿ ᐇ ែ ㄪᰝ ࠖ2003㹼 2004
ᖺ ᗘሗ ࿌ ࢲ ࢖ ࢪ࢙ ࢫ ࢺ∧
ᮌ ୗ ᗣோ (2003). ࢢ ࣛ ࢘ ࣥࢹ ࢵ ࢻ ࣭ ࢭ ࢜ ࣜ ࣮ ࣭࢔ ࣉ ࣟ ࣮ ࢳ ࡢ ᐇ ㊶ 㸸㉁ ⓗ
◊ ✲࡬ ࡢ ㄏ ࠸ ᘯᩥ ᇽ
ᑠ ᯘ ṇ ᖾ (2003). ୙ Ⓩ ᰯ ඣ ࡢ ⌮ ゎ ࡜ ᥼ ຓ ̿ ၥ 㢟 ゎ Ỵ ࡢ ண 㜵 ࡜ ࢥ ࢶ 㔠
๛ ฟ∧
ඤ ⋢ ᠇ ୍ (2006). እ ᅜ ே ࡢ Ꮚ ࡝ ࡶ ࡓ ࡕ ࢆ ᆅ ᇦ ࡄ ࡿ ࡳ ࡛ ⫱ ࡚ ࡿ 㸸 ᖹ ᡂ 17
ᖺ ᗘᗈ ᓥ ኱ Ꮫᆅ ᇦ ㈉ ⊩ ◊ ✲ ࠕ  ᪥᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡬ ࡢ ᆅᇦ
ࡄ ࡿࡳ ࡢ ᩍ ⫱࣭ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ᨭ᥼ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍࡿ ◊ ✲ ࠖ ◊✲ ᡂ ᯝ ሗ࿌ ᭩
ඤ ⋢ ᠇ ୍ (2011). እ ᅜ ே ࡢ Ꮚ ࡝ ࡶ ࡓ ࡕ ࢆ ᆅ ᇦ ࡄ ࡿ ࡳ ࡛ ⫱ ࡚ ࡿ (II)㸸 ᖹ ᡂ
21࣭22 ᖺ ᗘᗈ ᓥ ኱ Ꮫ ᆅ ᇦ㈉ ⊩ Ⓨ ᒎ◊ ✲ࠕ  ᪥᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ ❺⏕
ᚐ ᨭ᥼ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ࢿ ࢵࢺ ࣡ ࣮ ࢡ෌ ᵓ ⠏ ࡢ ヨࡳ ࠖ ◊ ✲ᡂ ᯝ ሗ ࿌ ᭩
⇃ ᓮ ࡉ ࡜ ࡳ (2003). እ ᅜ ே ࡢ ⩏ ົ ᩍ ⫱ ᑵ Ꮫ ࢆ ࡵ ࡄ ࡿ ㅖ ၥ 㢟 ̿ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ
ே ඣ❺ ࣭ ⏕ ᚐࡢ ሙ ྜ ̿ ಙ ᕞ኱ Ꮫ ␃ Ꮫ⏕ ࢭ ࣥࢱ ࣮ ⣖ せ , 4, 139-149.
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ᩥ 㒊 ⛉Ꮫ ┬ (2007). ࠕ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ⾜ ື ➼ ⏕ᚐ ᣦ ᑟ ୖ ࡢ ㅖ ၥ 㢟 ࡟㛵 ࡍ
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15
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஧ ᐑ ṇ ே (2004). ᅾ ᪥ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ࡢ ᩍ ⫱ ㄢ 㢟 ̿ ࠕ ฟ ✌ ࡂ ࠖ ࡜ Ꮫ ⩦
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ኴ ⏣ ᬕ 㞝 (2002). ᩍ ⫱ 㐩 ᡂ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡜ ẕ ㄒ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ⮳ ୖ ୺ ⩏ ࡢ ᢈ
ุ ⓗ᳨ ウ ᐑ ᓥ ႛ ࣭ ຍ ⣡ᘯ ຾ (⦅ ) ᅜ㝿 ♫఍ 2 ኚᐜ ࡍ ࡿ ᪥ ᮏ ♫఍ ࡜
ᩥ ໬ ᮾி ኱ Ꮫ ฟ∧ ఍ pp.93-118.
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Ꮚ ࡝ࡶ ࡢ ࢔ ࢖ࢹ ࣥ ࢸ ࢕ ࢸ࢕ ᙧ ᡂ ᫂ ▼ ᭩ ᗑ
Ύ Ỉ ࿴ ⛅ (1990). 㐍 ㊰ ୙ Ỵ ᩿ ᑻ ᗘ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ ̿ ୰ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㛵 す ኱ Ꮫ
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ᚿ Ỉ ᏹ ྜྷ ࣭ Ύ Ỉ ╬ ⨾ (2001). ࢽ ࣗ ࣮ ࢝ ࣐ ࣮ ࡜ ᩍ ⫱ ̿ Ꮫ ᰯ ᩥ ໬ ࡜ ࢚ ࢫ ࢽ
ࢩ ࢸ࢕ ࡢ ⴱ ⸨ࢆ ࡵ ࡄ ࡗ ࡚ ᫂▼ ᭩ ᗑ
ⓑ ஭ ฼ ᫂ (1994). ᫬ 㛫 ⓗ ᒎ ᮃ య 㦂 ᑻ ᗘ ࡢ స ᡂ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ,
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ᮡ ᒸ ṇ ඾ (2007).  ᪥ ᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ 㐍 ㊰ ព ㆑ ࡜ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤ ࡜
ࡢ㛵㐃̿ᆅᇦ㛫࠾ࡼࡧᏛᰯ㛫ẚ㍑ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿ ᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔
ᩍ ⫱Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉⣖ せ ➨ ୕ 㒊 (ᩍ ⫱ே 㛫 ⛉ Ꮫ 㛵 㐃㡿 ᇦ ), 56, 263-272.
ᮡ ᒸ ṇ඾ (2008).  ᪥ ᪥ ⣔ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ␗ ᩥ ໬㐺 ᛂ ᨭ ᥼ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ࢥ࣑ ࣗ
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ࢽ ࢸ࢕ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫⓗ ◊ ✲ Ꮫ ఩ ㄽ ᩥ ᗈ ᓥ ኱ Ꮫ 㸦ᮍ බ ห 㸧
ᮡ ᒸ ṇ඾ ࣭ ඤ ⋢ ᠇ ୍ (2007).  ᪥ ᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ᨭ ᥼ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ
ᨭ ᥼ ⪅ ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣡ ࣮ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ ヨ ࡳ ࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ , 11,
76-89.
Ṋ ⏣ ୔ (2004). ࢥ ࣑ ࣗࢽ ࢸ ࢕࣭࢚ ࣥ ࣃ ࣡ ࣮࣓ ࣥ ࢺ ࡢࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ཧ ຍᆺ ࣜ ࢧ ࣮
ࢳ ࡢྍ ⬟ ᛶ 㸸 ᪥ እ ᅜ ேࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽࢸ ࢕ ࡢ ᢪ ࠼ࡿ ၥ 㢟 ࡜ࡑ ࡢ ᨭ ᥼ ᪉ἲ
㛵 すᏛ 㝔 ኱ Ꮫ♫ ఍ Ꮫ 㒊 ⣖せ , 96, 223-234.
➉ ᒣ ඾Ꮚ ࣭ ⴱ す ┿ グ Ꮚ (2008). ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࣎ ࣛ ࣥ ࢸ࢕ ࢔ ᩍ ဨ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ እ ᅜே ⏕
ᚐ࡬ࡢᨭ᥼̿᪥ᮏㄒᨭ᥼ᩍᐊࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᚰ⌮࣭♫఍ⓗᨭ᥼ࢩࢫ
ࢸ ࣒ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡟ྥ ࡅ ࡚ ̿ ࢥ ࣑ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ◊ ✲ , 11, 144-161.
➉ ᒣ ඾Ꮚ ࣭ ⴱ す ┿ グ Ꮚ (2009). ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᩥ ໬ ⓗ ⫼ᬒ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ Ꮚ ࡝ ࡶ ࡬ ࡢࢥ ࣑
ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗᨭ᥼̿ᆅᇦᨭ᥼⪅࡬ࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝ࠿ࡽࡢ♧၀
̿ ࢥ ࣑ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ◊ ✲ , 13, 37-50.
⏣ ୰ ࢿ ࣜ (2004). ᅾ ᪥ ࣛ ࢸ ࣥ ࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ே ࡢ Ꮚ ࡝ ࡶ ̿ ࡑ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ࡜ ᨭ ᥼
␗ ᩥ໬ 㛫 ᩍ ⫱ , 20, 29-39.
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