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滞日日系ブラジル人児童生徒の学校適応と親子関係 の関連に関する
Ꮫ ㄽᩥせ᪨ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂぶᏊ㛵ಀ ࡢ㛵㐃㛵ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ᳨ウ ᗈᓥᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ᩍ⫱ே㛫⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ ㇂ῲ┿ஓ ┠ḟ ➨ 1 ❶ ⫼ᬒ┠ⓗ ➨ 1⠇ ➨ 2⠇ ➨ 3⠇ ⛣Ẹཬࡧᅾ␃እᅜேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐ㛵ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ ⓗ◊✲ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ ➨ 2 ❶ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂぶᏊ㛵ಀ ࡢ㛵㐃 ➨ 1⠇ ➨ 2⠇ ➨ 3⠇ ➨ 4⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேぶᏊࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀㄆ▱Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂࡢ㛵㐃 㸦 ◊ ✲ 1㸧 ᪥ ᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ 㸪ᆅ ᇦ ཧ ຍ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 㸦 ◊ ✲ 2㸧 Ⓩᰯࡢ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀཬࡧぶᏊ ࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㉁ ⓗ ᳨ ウ 㸦 ◊ ✲ 3㸧 ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேࡢ㧗ᰯ㐍Ꮫ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ⓗࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ ㉁ ⓗ ᳨ ウ 㸦 ◊ ✲ 4㸧 ➨ 3 ❶ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ ➨ 1⠇ ➨ 2⠇ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ᮏ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㝈⏺ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ➨ 1 ❶ ⫼ᬒ┠ⓗ ➨ 1 ⠇ ⛣Ẹཬࡧᅾ␃እᅜேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ⛣ Ẹࡢ ཷ ࡅ ධࢀ ࡢ Ṕ ྐ ࡀ㛗 ࠸ Ḣ ⡿ㅖ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ୡ ⏺ ୰ ࡽ ࡢ ⛣ Ẹ ࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ◊ ✲ ࡀ ከ ࡃ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ࡁ ࡓ ࠋ Ꮫ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ࡣ 㸪Ꮫ ᰯ ࡸ Ꮫᴗ ࡢ ✚ ᴟⓗ 㛵 ཬࡧ ࡑ ࢀ ࡼࡗ ࡚ ಁ 㐍ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ Ꮫ ᴗୖ ࡢ 㐩 ᡂ ᐃ ⩏ ࡉ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Motti-Stefanidi & Masten㸪 2013㸧ࠋ ≉ 㸪༡ ⡿ ࡽ ࡢ ⛣Ẹ ࡢ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡣ 㸪Ꮫ ᴗ ᡂ ⦼ ࡸ 㐍 Ꮫ ⋡ ࡢప ࡉ 㸪 ࢻࣟ ࢵ ࣉ ࢘ࢺ ⋡ ࡢ 㧗 ࡉ࡞ Ꮫ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ୖ ࡢ ၥ㢟 ࡀ ከ ࠸㸦 Fuligni & Witkow㸪2004㸧ࠋ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢᚰ ⌮ ⓗ せᅉ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ࣍ ࢫ ࢺᅜ ࡢ ே ࠎ ࡽ ࡢ ೫ ぢ㸪 ⛣ Ẹ ඛ ࡢࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ࡢ ぶ ࡢ Ꮩ ❧㸪 ẕ ᅜ ࡢᐙ ᪘ ⩏ ⓗᩥ ࢆ 㔜ど ࡍ ࡿ ぶ ⛣ Ẹ ඛ ࡢ ಶ ே ⩏ ⓗᩥ 㡰 ᛂࡍ ࡿ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ 㛫 ࡢ ᩥ ⓗⴱ ⸨ ࡞ ࡀᣦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚࠸ ࡿ 㸦 Baptiste㸪 1990; Felix-Ortiz, Fernandez, & Newcomb, 1998; Gil, Wagner, & Vega㸪 2000㸧ࠋ ࢃ ࡀᅜ ࡛ ࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ ௦ ᪥ ⣔ ༡ ⡿ே ࡑ ࡢ ᐙ᪘ ᐃ ఫ࣭Ọఫ ㈨ ᱁ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽࢀ 㸪 ᑵ ປ┠ ⓗ ࡛ ᮶ ᪥ࡍ ࡿ ᪥ ⣔ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே 㸦 ௨ ୗ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே 㸧 ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡋ㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᩘࡣ ୰ ᅜ 㸪 㡑ᅜ ࣭ ᮅ 㩭㸪 ࣇ ࣜ ࣆࣥ ḟ ࠸࡛ 4 ␒ ┠ ከ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸦 ἲ ົ┬ 㸪2013㸧ࠋࡑࢀ క ࠸ 㸪ᐙ ᪘ ඹ ᮶᪥ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ࡣ ᪥ ᮏ ࡛ ฟ ⏕ࡋ 㸪Ꮫ 㱋 ᮇ 㐩 ࡋ ᪥ᮏ ࡢ බ ❧Ꮫ ᰯ ㏻ ࠺ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡀ ቑ ࠼㸪 ᙼ ࡽࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ 㸪 ࢹ ࣥ ࢸ ࢸ ࡢ ᕼ ⷧ ࡞ ࡢᅔ 㞴 ࡀ ᣦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ᐑ ᆏ㸪2000; ኴ ⏣㸪2002; 㛵 ཱྀ㸪2003㸧ࠋࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ 㛵㐃 ࡍ ࡿ せ ᅉ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪␗ ᩥ 㛫ᩍ ⫱ ࡸ Ꮫᰯ ಖ ࡢ ほⅬ ࡽ㸪 ゝ ㄒࡢ ၥ 㢟 㸪⏕ ά ⩦ ័ ࡢཷ ࡅ ධ ࢀᗘ ྜ ࠸ 㸪 ぶᏊ 㛫 ࡢ ヰ ࡢ ᑡ ࡞ ࡉ㸪 ᪥ ᮏ ே ཬࡧ ྠ ᅜ ே ࡢ 㛵 ࢃ ࡾࡢ ᕼ ⷧ ࡉࡀ ᣦ ࡉ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ᮅ 㸪2005; ᮐ 㸪 2004; ᮐ࣭㒯 㸪2003㸧ࠋࡇ ࢀ ࡽࡢ せ ᅉ ࡣ 㸪ฟ ✌ ࡂ ┠ⓗ ࡛ ᮶ ᪥ ࡋ ࡚ከ ᛁ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ㸪 ᪥ ᮏ ᩥ 㥆 ᰁ ࡵࡎ 㸪 ᖐ ᅜ ᮇ ࡀ ᫂☜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ࡞ ࡢ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே 1 ࡢ ぶ≉ ᭷ ࡢ ᩥ ⓗ ⤒ ῭ ⓗせ ᅉ ࡢ ᙳ㡪 ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ⇃ᓮ 㸪 2003㸧ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ㸪 ࣍ ࢫࢺ ᅜ ࡢ せᅉ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᪥ ᮏ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ ࡢ ᣢ ࡘ ᩥ ⓗ ྠ ㉁ ࡢ ᅽ ຊࡢ ᙉ ࡉ 㸦 ᚿỈ ࣭ Ύ Ỉ㸪 2001㸧 ࡀ᫂ ࡽ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࠋ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࡽࡣ 㸪 ಖ ㆤ ⪅ࡢ ᖐ ᅜ ព㆑ ࡢ ᭕ ࡉࡸ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡢ 㐍 ㊰ ព㆑ ࡢ ᫂☜ ࡉ ࡀ ᳨ ウࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࡢ ࡳ ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸦 ᮡ ᒸ㸪2007㸧ࠋࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ⌮ ゎ ࡢ ࡓࡵ ࡣ ᙼ ࡽ ≉ ᭷ ࡢ ᩥ ⓗ ⤒ ῭ⓗ せ ᅉ ᙳ㡪 ࢆ ཷ ࡅࡿ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࢆᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ➨ 2 ⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐ㛵ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ ◊✲ ࢥ ࣑ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ࡣ 㸪ಶ ே ࢥ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࡸ ♫ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ↔Ⅼ ࢆ ᙜ ࡚㸪 ༠ ാ ⓗ࣭ ཧ ⏬ ⓗ ࡞◊ ✲ ᐇ㊶ ࢆ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚㸪 ಶ ே 㸪ࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ 㸪 ♫ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ⏕ά ࡢ ㉁ ࢆ ྥୖ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᪉ ⟇ࢆ ᶍ ⣴ ࡋᐇ ㊶ ࡍ ࡿ ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ㸦 Dalton, Elias, & Wandersman㸪2001㸧ࠋ ⡿ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ༡ ⡿ ⣔ ⛣ Ẹࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚㸪 ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࡢ᳨ ウ ཬ ࡧࡑ ࢀ ᇶ ࡙࠸ ࡓ ᐙ ᪘ ࡢ ධ ࣉࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡢᐇ 㸦 Azmitia & Brown㸪2002; Pantin, Coatsworth, Feaster, Newman, Briones, Prado, & Szapocznik 㸪 2003㸧 ࡞ ࡢ ࢥ ࣑ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ ◊✲ ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࡋ ࡋ 㸪 ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀ ࡢ ධ ࡢ ຠᯝ ࡣ ᩥ ᕪࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡀ ࡁ ࡃ 㸪 ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ◊✲ ࡢ ▱ ぢ ࢆࢃ ࡀ ᅜ ࡢࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ࡑ ࡢ ࡲ ࡲ㐺 ⏝ ࡍ ࡿࡇ ࡣ ࡛ ࡁ࡞ ࠸ 㸦 Forehand & Kotchick㸪 1996㸧ࠋ ࢃࡀ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᕷ Ẹ ࣎ ࣛࣥ ࢸ ࡸ NPO ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡍ ࡿ ࢥ࣑ ࣗ ࢽࢸ ࣭࢚ ࣥ ࣃ࣡ ࣓ ࣥ ࢺࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡀ ࠶ࡾ㸦 Ṋ⏣ 㸪2004㸧㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ཬࡧ ᪥ ᮏ ே ᨭ ⪅ ࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ホ ౯ ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ᮡ ᒸ ࣭ ඤ ⋢ 㸪 2007; ➉ ᒣ ࣭ ⴱ す 㸪2008㸪2009㸧ࠋᮡ ᒸ࣭ඤ ⋢㸦2007㸧ࡣ ࡉࡽ 㸪ࢽ࣮ ࢬ ホ ౯ ࢆᇶ Ẹ 㛫 ᅋ య㸪 Ꮫ ᰯ 㸪⾜ ᨻ 㸪 Ꮫ➼ ࡢ 㛵 ಀᶵ 㛵 ࡀ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ ࡓࡵ ࡢ ᨭ ⪅ ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢡ ࢆ ᒎ㛤 ࡋ ࡓ ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ㸪 ࢯ ࣮ ࢩ ࣕࣝ ࣭ ࢧ 2 ࣏ ࣮ࢺ ࣭ ࢿ ࢵࢺ ࣡ ࣮ ࢟ ࣥࢢ 㸦 ௨ ୗ㸪 ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ 㸧 㸪 ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ಶู ᨭ ࡢศ ᩿ ࡢ ゎ ᾘ㸪 ᨭ ⪅ࡢ Ꮩ ⊂ ឤ ࡸᏙ ❧ ឤ ࡢ㍍ ῶ ࡸ ᨭ ព ḧ ࡢ ྥ ୖ㸪ᐁ Ẹ ༠ാ ࡢ ಁ 㐍 ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ຠᯝ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋࡓ ࡔ ࡋ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀࡽ ࡢ ◊ ✲࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ㏻ ᖖࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ➨ ୍ ࡢ ࢱ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡞ ࡿ ᐙ ᪘ ࡍ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡋ ࡓ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬホ ౯ ࡀ ㄢ㢟 ࡋ ࡚ ṧࡉ ࢀ ࡓࠋ ➨ 3 ⠇ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ ᮏ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ぶ ࡢࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣡ ࣮࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ホ ౯ ࡢ ᇶ ♏ ⓗ ◊✲ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ 㸪 ぶ ࡢ ほ ⓗ ࢽ࣮ ࢬ 㸪 ぶ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㛵 ಀࡢ ≉ ᚩ ཬ ࡧࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢᏛ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࢆ ᫂ࡽ ࡍ ࡿࡇ ࢆ ┠ⓗ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ල య ⓗ ࡣ 㸪 ◊ ✲ 1 ࡛ ࡣ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ࡢ ≉ ᚩ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 㸪 ◊ ✲ 2 ࡛ ࡣ ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ཬࡧ ᆅ ᇦ ཧ ຍ ࡢ≉ ᚩ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 㸪 ◊✲ 3 ࡛ ࡣ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ▱ ཬ ࡧ ぶ Ꮚࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ 㸪 ◊ ✲ 4 ࡛ ࡣ 㧗ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ⪅ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ୖ ࡢ ᅔ㞴 ཬ ࡧ 㐺ᛂ ⮳ ࡿ ࣉࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ➨ 2 ❶ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ ぶᏊ㛵ಀ ࡢ 㛵㐃 ➨ 1 ⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேぶᏊࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀㄆ▱Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂࡢ㛵㐃 㸦 ◊ ✲ 1㸧 1㸬 ┠ ⓗ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࡋ 㸪 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ 㸪ᩍ ᖌ 㸪 つ๎ 㸪 ≉ ู άື ࡢ ែᗘ ࡢ 㛵 㐃ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ 2㸬᪉ ἲ ศ ᯒ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ ⏕ ࡽ୰ Ꮫ 3 ᖺ ⏕ࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡑࡢ ぶ ࠋ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ぶᏊ 301 ⤌ 㸪᪥ ᮏ ே ぶᏊ 509 ⤌ ࠋ᭷ ຠ ᅇ ⟅ᩘ ࡣ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ⩌ 128 ྡ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ㱋 12.6 ṓ 㸪SD=1.5㸪 ⏨ᛶ 52 ྡ 㸪 ዪ ᛶ 㸪 72 ྡ㸪 ᑠ 5: 37 ྡ㸪ᑠ 6: 31 ྡ㸪୰ 1: 21 ྡ㸪୰ 2: 21 ྡ㸪୰ 3: 12 ྡ 㸧㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ぶ ⩌ 130 ྡ 㸦ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 39.9 ṓ㸪 SD=6.6㸪 ⏨ ᛶ 40 ྡ 㸪ዪ ᛶ 86 ྡ㸧㸪 ᪥ 3 ᮏ ேඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ 461 ྡ 㸦ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 12.7 ṓ 㸪SD=1.5㸪 ⏨ ᛶ 214 ྡ 㸪ዪ ᛶ㸪 244 ྡ㸪ᑠ 5: 88 ྡ 㸪ᑠ 6: 102 ྡ 㸪୰ 1: 89 ྡ 㸪୰ 2: 91 ྡ 㸪୰ 3: 91 ྡ㸧㸪 ᪥ ᮏே ぶ⩌ 455 ྡ㸦 ᖹ ᆒᖺ 㱋 40.6 ṓ 㸪SD=5.3㸪⏨ᛶ 40 ྡ 㸪ዪᛶ 412 ྡ㸧 ࡛ ࠶ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⏝ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡣ ௨ ୗ ࡢ ㏻ ࡾ ࠋ㸦 a㸧 Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤᑻ ᗘ㸦 22 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸 ᮐ࣭㒯㸦2003㸧ࡢ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤᑻ ᗘ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ㸪ࠕ Ꮫ⩦ ព ḧࠖ7 㡯 ┠㸦α=.82㸧㸪 ࠕ ᩍ ᖌ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࠖ5 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.72㸧㸪 ࠕつ ๎ ࡢ ែ ᗘࠖ 6 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.86㸧㸪ࠕ≉ ู άື ࡢ ែᗘ ࠖ 4 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.81㸧ࡢ 4 ୗ ᑻ ᗘ 㸪 5 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦b㸧㐍 ㊰ ព ㆑ ᑻ ᗘ㸦 9 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸ΎỈ㸦 1990㸧ࡢ㐍 ㊰ Ỵ ᩿ ᑻᗘ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ㸪ࠕ 㐍㊰ Ᏻ ࠖ 4 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.65㸧㸪ࠕ㐍 Ꮫ ࣔࣛ ࢺ ࣜ ࣒ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.84㸧 ࡢ 2 ୗ ᑻ ᗘ㸪5 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦c㸧ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ᑻ ᗘ㸦 20 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸ᮾ࣭᯽ ᮌ࣭⦾ ከ ࣭ ၈ ⃝㸦 2002㸧ࡢ ぶᏊ 㛵 ಀデ ᩿ ᳨ ᰝ㸦 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⏝ 㸧ࡢ࠺ ࡕ㸪 ࠕ ⿕ ཷᐜ ឤ ࠖ10 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.87㸧㸪ぶ ࡽ ┘ど ࡉ ࢀ ࡚࠸ ࡿ ឤ ࡌࡿ ⛬ ᗘ ࡛࠶ ࡿࠕ ᚰ ⌮ⓗ ධࠖ 5 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.65㸧㸪 ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せồ ࠖ5 㡯┠㸦 α=.68㸧ࡢ 3 ୗ ᑻ ᗘ㸪5 ௳ ἲࠋ 㸦 d㸧 ᒓ ᛶ㸦 17 㡯 ┠㸧 㸸 ᪥ ᖺᩘ 㸪ᖐ ᅜ ព ㆑࡞ ࠋぶ ⏝㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡣ௨ ୗ ࡢ㏻ ࡾࠋ 㸦 a㸧 ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ᑻ ᗘ 㸦 10 㡯 ┠㸧㸸ᮾ 㸦2002㸧 ࡢぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀデ ᩿ ᳨ ᰝ 㸦 ぶ ⏝ 㸧 ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ㸪ࠕ↓ 㛵 ᚰ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.70㸧㸪ࠕ㣴 ⫱ Ᏻ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠㸦 α=.60㸧 ࡢ 2 ୗ ᑻ ᗘ㸪 5 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦 b㸧 ᑗ ᮶ᒎ ᮃ ᑻ ᗘ 㸦 5 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸 ⓑ 㸦 1994㸧 ࡢ 㛫 ⓗ ᒎ ᮃ య 㦂ᑻ ᗘ ࡢ ࠺ࡕ 㸪ࠕ ┠ ᶆᚿ ྥ ᛶ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.64㸧㸪5 ௳ἲ ࠋ㸦 c㸧 ᒓ ᛶ 㸦 21 㡯 ┠㸧㸸᪥ ᖺ ᩘ 㸪᮶ ᪥┠ ⓗ 㸪ᖐᅜ ព ㆑ ࡞ ࠋ࡞ ࠾ 㸪ᮾ 㸦 2002㸧 ྠ ࡌ ࡃ α=.60 ௨ ୖ ࡢୗ ᑻ ᗘࢆ ศ ᯒ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋㄪ ᰝ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ↓ グ ྡ ⮬グ ᘧ ࡢ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ⏝ ཬࡧ ぶ ⏝ ㉁ ၥ⣬ ࢆ స ᡂࡋ 㸪 ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ∧ ࣏ ࣝࢺ ࢞ ࣝ ㄒ ∧ࡢ ࡕ ࡽ ୍ ᪉ ᅇ⟅ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࣏ࣝ ࢺ ࢞ ࣝ ㄒ∧ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ࡣ ㏫ ⩻ ヂ ࢆ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ⾲ ⌧ࡢ 㐺 ษ ࡉࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᮇ ࡣ 2005 ᖺ 12 ᭶ ࡽ 2006 ᖺ 10 ᭶ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗࡓ ࠋ 3㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ⪃ ᐹ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ⩌ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ᑻ ᗘ ᚓ 4 Ⅼ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ⥆ ࡛ ᕪ ࡀ ࡳࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪∗ ẕ ࢆ ྜࢃ ࡏ ࡚ ศ ᯒࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ᪥ ẚ㍑ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗࡓ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 ࠕ↓ 㛵 ᚰࠖ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ ⩌㸦 M=1.99㸪SD=0.81㸧ࡢ ᪉ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ே ぶ ⩌㸦 M=2.31㸪SD=0.60㸧ࡼ ࡾࡶ ప ࡃ 㸦t㸦583㸧 =4.85㸪p<.01㸧㸪 ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ぶ ࡀ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ⾜ ື ࡸ Ẽᣢ ࡕ 㛵 ᚰ ࢆ ᣢࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ 㸪 ࠕ ⿕ ཷ ᐜ ឤࠖ 㸦㸦 t 587㸧=6.38㸪p<.01㸪 : M=4.17㸪 SD=0.72㸪᪥ : M=3.69㸪SD=0.76㸧㸪 ࠕ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ධ ࠖ 㸦 t㸦586㸧=4.83㸪p<.01㸪 : M=3.51㸪SD=0.86㸪᪥: M=3.09㸪SD=0.87㸧㸪 ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せồ ࠖ 㸦 t㸦 586㸧=6.98㸪 p<.01㸪 : M=3.89㸪 SD=0.86㸪 ᪥ : M=3.29㸪 SD=0.86㸧 ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏே ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ⩌ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ㧗 ࡃ 㸪 ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡀ ぶ ࡽ ࡢ ┘ どࡸ ᮇ ᚅ ࢆᙉ ࡃ ឤ ࡌ 㸪ྠ ឡ ࢆ ᙉ ࡃ ឤࡌ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࡇ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓࠋࡲࡓ 㸪ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ࡢࠕ⿕ ཷ ᐜឤ ࠖࠕ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ධࠖ 㸦 r=.27㸪 p<.01㸧㸪ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ㸦r=.46㸪p<.001㸧 ṇ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ぶᏊ ࡀ 㸪 ⡿ ᅜᅾ ఫ ࡢ ༡⡿ ⣔ ⛣ Ẹ ྠ ᵝ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ㊥ 㞳 ࡢ㏆ ࠸ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ㸦 Azmitia & Brown㸪2002㸧ࢆ ᣢࡘ ࡇ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࣈ ࣈࣛࢪࣝே ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ 㸪ぶ ࡢ ᑗ ᮶ ᒎ ᮃ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ྛ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ ᚓ Ⅼ ᛶ ᕪ ཬ ࡧᏛ ᰯ ✀ ࡼ ࡿ ᕪ ࡀ ㄆࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ㸪 ⏨ ዪ ཬ ࡧ ᑠ ୰ Ꮫ ⏕ࢆ ศ ࡅ ࡎ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ࡗ ࡓ ࠋᏛ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ឤ ཬࡧ 㐍 ㊰ ព ㆑ࢆ ᚑ ᒓ ኚᩘ 㸪ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ ㄆ ▱㸪 ぶ ࡢᑗ ᮶ ᒎ ᮃ㸪 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐࡢ ᪥ ᮇ㛫 ཬ ࡧ Ꮫ ᖺࢆ ㄝ ᫂ ኚᩘ ࡍ ࡿ 㔜ᅇ ᖐ ศ ᯒ ࢆ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡑ ࡢ⤖ ᯝ㸪ୖ グࡢ ኚ ᩘ ࡛Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ឤࡢ 20% ࡽ 40%ࡀㄝ ᫂ ࡛ ࡁࡿ ࡇ 㸪࡞ ࡛ ࡶࠕ ⿕ ཷ ᐜឤ ࠖࡀ㸪 ࠕ つ ๎ ࡢ ែ ᗘࠖ 㸦 β=.54㸪p<.001㸧 ࡞ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂឤ ᭱ ࡶ ᙉ࠸ ṇ ࡢ 㛵㐃 ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡇ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐࡀ ぶ ࡽࡢ ឡ ࢆ ឤࡌ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿࡼ ࠺ ᨭ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ᛶࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀࡓ ࠋ ࠕࣔ ࣛ ࢺࣜ ࣒ࠖ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せồ ࠖ㸦 β=-.22㸪 p<.05㸧 ࡀ ㈇ࡢ 㛵 㐃㸪ࠕ ぶ ࡢ 㣴 ⫱ Ᏻࠖ㸦 β=.19㸪p<.05㸧ࡀ ṇ ࡢ 㛵㐃 ࢆ ♧ࡋ ࡓࠋぶ ࡢ Ᏻ ࢆ పῶ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ 㸪ぶ ࡢ ᮇ ᚅࢆ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ఏ ࠼ ࡿࡇ ࡣ 㐍 ㊰Ỵ ᐃ ࡢ ᨭ ࡞ ࡾ ࠺ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ 5 ࡓ㸪ぶ ࡢࠕ┠ ᶆ ᚿ ྥ ᛶࠖࡣࠕ ᩍᖌ 㛵 ಀࠖ 㸦β=.26㸪p<.01㸧ཬ ࡧࠕ ≉ ู άື ࠖ 㸦 β=.15㸪 p<.05㸧 ṇ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ぶ ࡀ ᑗ ᮶ ࡢ ┠ ᶆ ࢆ ᫂ ☜ ᣢ ࡚ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ᨭ ࡍ ࡿᚲ せ ᛶ ࡶ ♧၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓࠋ ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ 㸪 ᶆ ᮏ ᩘ ࡀᑡ ࡞ ࡃ ᭷ ຠᅇ ⟅ ⋡ ࡶ ప࠸ ࡓ ࡵ ⤖ᯝ ࡢ ゎ 㔘 ࡣ ὀ ព ࢆせ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲࡓ 㸪 ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ᑻ ᗘ ࡢಙ 㢗 ᛶ ࡀ ప ࡗ ࡓ ࡓࡵ ᑻ ᗘ ࢆ ᨵၿ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ぶ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ ᩍ ⫱ࡸ ᆅ ᇦ 㥆ᰁ ࡵ ࡞ ࠸ࡇ ࡀ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ 㛵 㐃 ࡍ ࡿ ࠸ ࠺ ᣦ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ㸦 ඤ⋢ 㸪2006㸧㸪ぶ Ꮫ ᰯ ཬ ࡧᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㛵ಀ ࡘ ࠸࡚ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ➨ 2 ⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேぶᏊࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀㄆ▱Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂ㸪ᆅᇦཧ ຍ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 㸦 ◊ ✲ 2㸧 1㸬 ┠ ⓗ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ 㸪 Ꮫ ᰯ ཬ ࡧ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ 㛵 ࢃ ࡾ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࡋ 㸪 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢᏛ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓࠋ 2㸬᪉ ἲ ศ ᯒ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ ⏕ ࡽ୰ Ꮫ 3 ᖺ ⏕ࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡑࡢ ぶ ࠋ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ぶᏊ 60 ⤌ ཬࡧ ᪥ ᮏ ேぶ Ꮚ 600 ⤌ ࠋ᭷ຠ ᅇ ⟅ ᩘࡣ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ⩌ 45 ྡ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ㱋 12.2 ṓ 㸪 SD=1.3㸪 ⏨ᛶ 24 ྡ 㸪 ዪ ᛶ 㸪 20 ྡ㸪 ᑠ 5: 12 ྡ㸪 ᑠ 6: 14 ྡ 㸪୰ 1: 8 ྡ㸪 ୰ 2: 5 ྡ 㸪୰ 3: 5 ྡ 㸧㸪 ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ ⩌ 38 ྡ 㸦ᖹ ᆒ ᖺ 㱋 40.1 ṓ 㸪SD=6.8㸪 ⏨ ᛶ 8 ྡ 㸪 ዪ ᛶ 29 ྡ㸧㸪᪥ ᮏ ே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ⩌ 593 ྡ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒᖺ 㱋 12.4 ṓ 㸪 SD=1.5㸪 ⏨ ᛶ 297 ྡ 㸪 ዪᛶ 㸪 296 ྡ 㸪ᑠ 5: 162 ྡ 㸪 ᑠ 6: 130 ྡ 㸪୰ 1: 101 ྡ 㸪୰ 2: 99 ྡ 㸪 ୰ 3: 97 ྡ㸧㸪 ᪥ ᮏே ぶ⩌ 533 ྡ㸦 ᖹ ᆒᖺ 㱋 40.7 ṓ 㸪SD=4.8㸪⏨ᛶ 40 ྡ 㸪ዪᛶ 491 ྡ㸧 ࡛ ࠶ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⏝ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡣ௨ ୗ ࡢ ㏻ ࡾࠋ㸦 a㸧 ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ᑻᗘ 㸦20 㡯 ┠㸧㸸 ◊✲ 1 ྠ ࡌ ࡃ㸪ࠕ ⿕ ཷᐜ ឤ ࠖ 10 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.92㸧㸪ࠕ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ධ ࠖ 5 㡯┠ 㸦 α=.70㸧㸪ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せồ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.71㸧 ࡢ 3 ୗ ᑻ ᗘࠋ 㸦b㸧 Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤ 㸦 3 㡯┠ 㸧㸸 㡯 ┠ ᩘ ࢆ ῶ ࡽࡋ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ࡢ ㈇ ᢸ ࢆ ㍍ῶ ࡍ ࡿࡓ ࡵ 㸪⊂ ⮬ సᡂ ࠋ ₎ Ꮠ ⬟ຊ ཬ ࡧ Ḟᖍ ᪥ ᩘ ࡢ㛵 㐃 ࢆ ⪃៖ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᤵᴗ ࡢ ⌮ 6 ゎ ᗘ㸪 ᤵ ᴗ ࡢ ⯆ 㛵 ᚰ㸪 Ⓩ ᰯ ពḧ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ྛ 1 㡯 ┠ 㸪5 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦 c㸧 Ḟ ᖍ ᪥ᩘ㸦 1 㡯 ┠㸧㸸1 Ꮫ ᮇࡢ Ḟ ᖍ ᪥ᩘ 㸪3 ௳ ἲࠋ 㸦 d㸧₎ Ꮠ⬟ ຊ㸦 31 ၥ㸧㸸Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ࡢ 㔜 せ࡞ ᣦ ᶆ ࡢ ୍ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࣍ ࢫ ࢺ ᅜ ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ ゝ ㄒࡢ ⬟ ຊ ࢆ ᫂ࡽ ࡍ ࡿࡓ ࡵ 㸪ᑠ Ꮫ ᰯ࡛ ⩦ ࠺₎ Ꮠ ࡢ ㄞࡳ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ㸦17 ၥ 㸧 ᭩ ࡁྲྀ ࡾ ࢸࢫ ࢺ㸦 14 ၥ 㸧ࠋ㸦 e㸧 㐍 ㊰ ᕼ ᮃ 㸸 ᕼ ᮃ ࡍ ࡿ 㐍 Ꮫ ඛ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥ ࠋ㸦 f㸧 ᆅ ᇦ ཧ ຍ 㸦 7 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸 ሿ ㏻࠸ ࡞ ࠋ㸦 g㸧ᒓ ᛶ㸦 8 㡯 ┠㸧㸸◊✲ 1 ྠᵝ ࠋぶ ⏝ ㉁ ၥ⣬ ࡣ ௨ୗ ࡢ ㏻ ࡾࠋ㸦 a㸧 ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ ᑻ ᗘ 㸦5 㡯 ┠ 㸧㸸 ◊ ✲ 1 ྠࡌ ᑻ ᗘ ࡢ࠺ ࡕ ࠕ 㐩ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ 5 㡯 ┠ 㸦 α=.63㸧ࠋ㸦 b㸧 Ꮫᰯ ᩍ ⫱ ࡢ ᮇ ᚅ 㸦8 㡯 ┠㸧㸸࣋ ࢿ ࢵ ࢭ ᮍ᮶ ᩍ ⫱ ࢭ ࣥ ࢱ࣮㸦 2004㸧ࡢࠕ Ꮫ ᰯ ᮇ ᚅ ࡍࡿ ᣦ ᑟ ࡸ ྲྀࡾ ⤌ ࡳࠖࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪ᇶ ♏ Ꮫ ຊ㸪 ཷ 㦂 Ꮫ ຊ 㸪 ⏕ ά ⩦័ ࡞ 㸪 4 ௳ ἲࠋ㸦 c㸧 㐍 ㊰ ᕼ ᮃ 㸸 ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ᕼ ᮃ ࡍ ࡿ 㐍 Ꮫඛ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥࠋ㸦 d㸧 ᆅ ᇦཧ ຍ 㸦10 㡯┠ 㸧㸸 Ꮫᰯ ࡢ 㛵ࢃ ࡾ 㸪 ぶ ྠኈ ࡢ ὶ ࡞ ࠋ 㸦e㸧ᒓ ᛶ㸦 9 㡯 ┠㸧 㸸◊✲ 1 ྠ ࡌ ࠋㄪ ㄪ ᰝ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ◊ ✲ 1 ྠ ࡌࠋ ࣏ ࣝࢺ ࢞ ࣝ ㄒ∧ ㉁ ၥ ⣬ ࡢ⾲ ⌧ ಟṇ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᮇ ࡣ 2008 ᖺ 12 ᭶ ࡽ 2009 ᖺ 1 ᭶ࠋ 3㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ⪃ ᐹ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ぶ ࡢ ࠕ 㐩 ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ぶ ⩌ 㸦 M=4.21㸪SD=0.78㸧 ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏே ぶ ⩌ 㸦 M=3.09㸪 SD=0.62㸧 ࡼ ࡾ㧗 ࡃ㸦t㸦 569㸧=10.63, p<.001㸧㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ࡢ ぶ ࡣඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ᮇ ᚅ ࡀ ᙉ࠸ ࡇ ࡀ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ᪥ ẚ ㍑ ࡢ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 1 Ꮫ ᮇ ࡢ Ḟ ᖍ ᪥ᩘ ࡘ ࠸࡚ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ⩌ ࡢ ᪉ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ேඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ࡼ ࡾࠕ0 ᪥㸦 ࡐࢇ ࡐ ࢇ ఇࢇ ࡛ ࠸ ࡞࠸ 㸧ࠖࡢ ྜ ࡀ ప ࡃ㸪 ࠕ 30 ᪥ ௨ ୖ ࠖࡢ ྜ ࡀ 㧗 ࡗ ࡓ 㸦χ 2 㸦 2㸧=28.23㸪 p<.05㸧ࠋ ₎ Ꮠ ⬟ ຊ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ⩌ ࡢ ༙ ᩘ௨ ୖ ࡀ 㸪ᑠ 3 ௨ 㝆 ⩦ ࠺ ₎ Ꮠࡢ ㄞ ࡳ ᭩ ࡁࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡎ῝ ้ ࡞ ᐇ ែࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேぶ Ꮚ ࡢ 㐍 ㊰ᕼ ᮃ ࡛ ࡣ㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ぶ ⩌ ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ⩌ ࡼ ࡾ 㺀୰ Ꮫࡲ ࡛ 㺁ࡢ ྜ ࡀప ࡃ ࠕ Ꮫ㝔 ࡲ ࡛ ࠖࡢ ྜ ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ 㸪 ぶ Ꮚ 㛫 ࡢ ┦ 㐪 ࡀ ࡁ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦 χ 2 㸦 3㸧=13.37㸪 p<.05㸧ࠋ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ 7 ᮏ ᅜࡢ ᪥ ⣔ ே♫ ࡛ ࡣ㸪ᩍ ⫱࡛ ㌟ ࢆ ❧࡚ ࡿ ព㆑ ࡀ ᙉ ࡃ㸦 ᐑ 㸪2004㸧㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡀࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேぶ ⩌ ࡢ 㐍㊰ ᕼ ᮃ ࡢ 㧗ࡉ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ࡿ ⪃ ࠼ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ᆅ ᇦ ཧ ຍ ࡢ ≉ ᚩ ᪥ ẚ ㍑ ࡢ ⤖ᯝ 㸪ぶ ࡢ Ꮫᰯ ⾜ ࡢ ཧ ຍ 㢖 ᗘ㸦t㸦 38㸧 =5.01㸪p<.001㸧ཬ ࡧ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡽ ࡢ 㓄ᕸ ≀ ࢆ ぢ ࡿ㢖 ᗘ㸦t㸦 38㸧=7.25㸪p<.001㸧 ࡣ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ぶ ⩌ ࡢ ᪉ࡀ ᪥ ᮏ ே ぶ⩌ ࡼ ࡾ ᭷ព ప ࡗࡓ ࠋ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ぶࡣ Ꮚ ࡶࡢ ᩍ ⫱ ↓㛵 ᚰ ࡛ ࠶ࡿ ㄗ ゎ ࡉࢀ ࡸ ࡍ ࠸㸦 ⏣ ୰ 㸪2004㸧ࡀ 㸪 ࠕ 㐩ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ ࡢ㧗 ࡉ ࡸ 㧗Ꮫ Ṕ ᚿ ྥ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ≉ ᚩ ࡢ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ᪥ᮏ ே ᨭ ⪅ࡢ 㛫 ࡛ ඹ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 㧗 ᏛṔ ᚿ ྥ ࡔࡀ ᩍ ⫱ ཧ ຍࡣ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡼ ࡾ㐍 ㊰ ࢆ ࡵ ࡄࡿ ぶ Ꮚ 㛫ࡢ ⴱ ⸨ ࡶ ⏕ࡌ ࡸ ࡍ ࠸ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࣈ ࣛࢪࣝேࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂぶᏊ㛵ಀㄆ▱ཬࡧᆅᇦཧຍࡢ㛵㐃 Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂ ࡢ ᣦᶆ ࢆ ᚑ ᒓኚ ᩘ 㸪 ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱㸪 ぶ ࡢ ᆅ ᇦཧ ຍ 㸪 ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ᪥ ᮇ 㛫 ཬ ࡧᏛ ᖺ ࢆ ㄝ᫂ ኚ ᩘ ࡍࡿ 㔜 ᅇ ᖐศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ⤖ ᯝ㸪ࠕ 㐩ᡂ せ ồ ࠖ ࠕ 㐍 ㊰ ᕼ ᮃ ࠖ ṇ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࡀ 㸦 β=.43㸪 p<.01㸧㸪ࠕ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ධ ࠖ ࠕ Ḟ ᖍ ᪥ ᩘࠖ ㈇ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ࡀ 㸦β=-.41㸪p<.01㸧 ࡳ ࡽ ࢀࡓ ࠋ ぶ ࡽ ࡢ ┘ ど ࢆឤ ࡌ ࡿ ࡇ ࡣ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡢ Ⓩ ᰯ ⾜ື ࢆ ⥔ ᣢࡋ 㸪 ぶ ࡽࡢ ᮇ ᚅ ࢆឤ ࡌ ࡿ ࡇ ࡣ 㐍 Ꮫ ࡢ ព ḧ ࢆ 㧗 ࡵ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ୍ ᪉ 㸪ࠕ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ධ ࠖ ࠕ ⯆ 㛵 ᚰ ࠖ 㸦β=-.33㸪p<.05㸧㸪 ぶ ࡢࠕ 㐩 ᡂせ ồ ࠖ ࠕⓏ ᰯ ព ḧࠖ㸦 β=-.28㸪p<.05㸧 ㈇ ࡢ㛵 㐃 ࡀ ࡳࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ Ⓩᰯ ࡸ ᤵ ᴗ ࡢ ✚ ᴟ ⓗែ ᗘ ࡛ ࡣ㸪 ぶ ࡽ ឤࡌ ࡿ ឡ ࡢᙉ ࡉ ࡀ ྠ⛬ ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿሙ ྜ 㸪 ぶ ࡽ ࡢ ┘ どࡸ ᮇ ᚅ ࡢᙉ ࡉ ࡀ 㸪 Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ឤ ࢆప ୗ ࡉ ࡏࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀࡓ ࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪 ࠕ ぶ ࡢᆅ ᇦ ά ື ࠖࠕ Ⓩᰯ ព ḧࠖ ࡶṇ ࡢ 㛵 㐃ࡀ ࡳ ࡽࢀ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ㸦β=.43㸪p<.01㸧㸪ぶࡢ ᆅ ᇦ ཧຍ ࢆ ಁ ࡍ ᨭ ࡶ ᭷ ຠ ࡛࠶ ࡿ ⪃ ࠼ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺ᛂ ࡢ 㛵 㐃 せᅉ ࡣ ᫂ ࡽ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓࡀ 㸪 ࢥ ࣑ ࣗࢽ ࢸ ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ ධ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪 㐺ᛂ ≧ ែ ࡽ㐺 ᛂ ≧ ែ ྥ ࠺ ኚ ࡢ ࣉ ࣟࢭ ࢫ ࢆ ᳨ ウࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࡢࡓ ࡵ 㸪 Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡀ㢧 ⴭ ࡞ Ⓩᰯ ࡢ ཬ ࡧ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ࡢ ୰࡛ ࡶ Ⰻ ዲ ࡞Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 8 ᛂ ࢆ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㧗ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ࢆ ㉁ ⓗ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ➨ 3 ⠇ Ⓩᰯࡢ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀཬࡧぶᏊࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ㉁ ⓗ ᳨ ウ 㸦 ◊ ✲ 3㸧 1㸬┠ ⓗ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ཬ ࡧぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ࢽ ࣮ࢬ ࢆ᫂ ࡽ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ 2㸬 ᪉ ἲ ㄪ ᰝ ᡭ ⥆ Ⓩ ᰯ ࢆ 㞟 ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ゼ ၥ 㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ᐇ ࡋ ࡓࠋᮏㄪ ᰝ ࡣ A ᕷ ᩍ ⫱ጤ ဨ ⫋ဨ ཬ ࡧ Ꮫࡢ ◊ ✲ ⪅ࡀ ඹ ྠ ࡛ ᐇ ࡋ ࡓࠋ እ ᅜே ࡢ ே ᶒ᧦ ㆤ ಶ ே ሗ ಖ ㆤࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࡽ㸪 ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ࡢ ᢳ ฟ ゼၥ 㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝᐇ ཬ ࡧ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ࢥ ࣮ࢹ ࣥ ࢢࡣ ᕷ ᩍ ጤ ⫋ဨ ࡀ ⾜ ࠸㸪◊ ✲ ィ ⏬ࡢ ❧ 㸪 ゼ ၥ㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝࡢ ࣐ ࢽ ࣗ ࣝ స ᡂ 㸪ㄪ ᰝ ဨ ࡢ ๓ ◊ ಟ 㸪⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ศ ᯒ ࡣ Ꮫ ࡢ ◊✲ ⪅ ࡀ ᢸᙜ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ࡢᢳ ฟ ࡣ 㸪A ᕷ ᮲ እ ົ ┬ ࡢ ᣦᑟ ᇶ ࡙ࡁ 㸪௨ ୗ ࡢᡭ 㡰 ࡛ ⾜ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ 㸦 a㸧 ࠕ እᅜ ே Ⓩ 㘓ཎ ⚊ ࠖࢆ 㜀ぴ ࡋ 㸪 ᩍ ⫱ጤ ဨ ࡢᏛ ᰯ Ⓩ 㘓 ሗ ↷ ྜࡋ ࡓ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 ᑵ Ꮫ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ᅾఫ ࡣ ☜ ㄆ ࡉࢀ ࡞ ࡗࡓ ࠋ㸦b㸧 ᅾ⡠ ᰯ ࡽࡢ ሗ ࢆ ᇶ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ᅜ ⡠ ࡛ Ꮫᰯ ᇶ ᮏ ㄪ ᰝࡢ Ⓩ ᰯࡢ ᇶ ‽ ヱᙜ ࡍ ࡿ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ཬ ࡧᅾ ⡠ ᰯ ࡢᩍ ဨ ࡽ Ⓩ ᰯ ഴ ྥ ࡀ࠶ ࡿ ุ᩿ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢྡ ⡙ ࢆ స ᡂࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑࡢ ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 2007 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 1 ᪥ ⌧ ᅾ㸪 㸪A ᕷ ࡢ ᑠ ୰Ꮫ ᰯ ᅾ⡠ ࡍ ࡿ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ᅜ ⡠ࡢ ᑠ Ꮫ ⏕ 58 ྡ 㸪୰ Ꮫ⏕ 15 ྡ ィ 73 ྡ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ㸪 Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ᑠᏛ ⏕ 9 ྡ 㸪୰ Ꮫ⏕ 3 ྡ ィ 12 ྡ ཬ ࡧ ࡑ ࡢぶ ᜳ ⓙㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗࡓ ࠋㄪ ᰝ 㡯 ┠ ᗈ ᓥᕷ ᕷ Ẹ ᒁே ᶒ ၨ Ⓨ 㒊㸦 2005㸧㸪 ྍ ඣᕷ ⏬ 㒊ࡲ ࡕ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ᥎ 㐍 ㄢ 㸦2006㸧㸪 ᩥ㒊 ⛉ Ꮫ ┬ 㸦 2007㸧 ࢆཧ ⪃ 㸪 㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝ 㡯 ┠ ࢆ సᡂ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ぶ ࡣ 㸪 ヱᙜ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ 㸦 a㸧 Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ⌮ ⏤㸪 㸦 b㸧Ꮫ ᰯ ⾜ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞࠸ ࡢ 㐣ࡈ ࡋ ᪉ 㸪 㸦 c㸧Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ࡓࡵ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡋ ࡚ ḧ ࡋ ࠸ࡇ ࡞ 11 㡯 ┠ ࢆᑜ ࡡ ࡓ ࠋ ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡣ 㸪㸦 d㸧 Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ⌮⏤ 㸪㸦 e㸧 Ꮫ ᰯ ࡋ ࡚ ḧࡋ ࠸ ࡇ 㸪㸦 f㸧 ぶ ࡋ࡚ ḧ ࡋ ࠸ࡇ ࡞ 12 㡯 ┠ ࢆ ᑜ ࡡ ࡓࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ࣂ ࣜ ࣥ ࢞ࣝ ࢆ ྵ ࡴㄪ ᰝ ဨ 3 ྡ ࡀ ྛ ᐙᗞ ࢆ ゼ ၥ ࡋ 㸪ぶ Ꮚ ྠ 9 ᖍ ࡢ㠃 ᥋ ㄪ ᰝࢆ ᐇ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ㄪ ᰝ ᮇ ࡣ 2007 ᖺ 11 ᭶ ࡽ 12 ᭶ ࡛࠶ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ᳨ ウ ἲ 12 ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ⮫ᗋ࣭ࢥ ࣑ ࣗࢽ ࢸ ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ ࡞ ◊ ✲ࢆ ⾜ ࡗࡓ ࠋ 3㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ⪃ ᐹ ᅇ ⟅ ࡢ ᴫ せ ༠ ຊ ࡢᚓ ࡽ ࢀࡓ ᐙ ᪘ࡣ 6 ᐙ ᪘ ࡛㸪 ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐࡣ 11 ྡ㸦 ᑠ Ꮫ⏕ 8 ྡ 㸪୰ Ꮫ ⏕ 3 ྡ 㸧 ࡛ ࠶ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡢ ヲ ⣽ ࡣ┬ ␎ ࠋ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵 ಀ ぶ Ꮚ ࡢ ほ ⓗ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ 㸦 a㸧᪥ ᮇ 㛫 ࢃ ࡽ ࡎ㸪 ࡰ ࡚ ࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡀ ᪥ ᮏㄒ ࡢ ㄞ ࡳ ᭩ࡁ ᅔ 㞴ࢆ ᢪ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ࡓ ࠋ 㸦b㸧 ぶ ࡀ ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ே 㛵 ಀ ࡢၥ 㢟 ࡸ ព ḧ ࡢ ῶ ㏥ ࡢࢧ ࣥ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ࡽ ࡎ 㸪 Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ ⌮ ⏤ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ぶ Ꮚ 㛫 ࡛ ㄆ ㆑ ࡎ ࢀ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ㸦 c㸧 Ⓩ ᰯ ≧ ែ ࡀ ῝ ้ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ 㛗 ᮇ ࡋ ࡚࠸ ࡿ ሙ ྜ 㸪 ᨭ ࡢ ࢽ࣮ ࢬ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ぶ Ꮚ 㛫 㱈 㱒 ࡀ ࠶ࡾ 㸪 ぶ Ꮚ ࡶ Ꮫ ᰯࡢ ࡇ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ ྥ ࡞ ࠸ ഴ ྥ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓࠋ㸦 d㸧 Ꮫ ᰯ ഃࡣ ᐙ ᗞ 㐃 ᦠ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢᑐ ᛂ ࢆ ヨ ࡳ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 ゝㄒ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࡸ ᩥ ᕪ ࡞ ࡛ ዌ ຌ ࡋ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ Ⓩ ᰯ ࡢ㛗 ᮇ ࡣ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ᝏ せ ᅉ ࡀ 㛵 㐃 ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ 㸦 ᑠ ᯘ㸪2003㸧㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࡣ 㸪୍ ᪦ Ⓩᰯ ≧ ែ ࡞ ࡿ ぶ Ꮚ㛫 ࡢㄆ ㆑ ࡢࡎ ࢀ ࡸ Ꮫᰯ 㞳 ࢀ ࡀ ῝้ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ண 㜵ⓗ ධ ࡀ 㔜 せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ➨ 4 ⠇ ᪥᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝேࡢ㧗ᰯ㐍Ꮫ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮ⓗࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ㉁ ⓗ ᳨ ウ 㸦 ◊ ✲ 4㸧 1㸬 ┠ ⓗ 㧗 ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ⪅ ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ୖ ࡢ ᅔ 㞴 ཬ ࡧ 㐺 ᛂ ⮳ ࡿ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࢆ 㸪 ぶ 㸪Ꮫ ᰯ 㸪 ᆅᇦ ࡢ ࢧ ࣏ ࣮ࢺ ㈨ ※ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ 㢟 ࡋ ᳨࡚ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ 2㸬᪉ ἲ ศ ᯒ ᑐ ㇟ ⪅ ᪥ᮏ ࡢ 㧗 ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ࡋ ࡓࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே 㧗 ᰯ ⏕ ཬࡧ ༞ᴗ ⏕ 6 ྡ ࠋ ศᯒ ᚲ せ ࡞ ேᩘ ࢆ ☜ ಖࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே 㢮 ఝ ࡋࡓ ᩥ ⓗ ⤒῭ ⓗ ⫼ ᬒཬ ࡧ ぶ Ꮚ 㛵ಀ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࣌ࣝ ࣮ே 2 ྡ ཬ ࡧ ࣇ ࣜ ࣆࣥ ே 1 ྡ 㸪ィ 3 ྡ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓࠋ ◊ ✲ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ 2011 ᖺ 10 ᭶ ࡽ 2012 ᖺ 10 ᭶ ᪥ ᮏㄒ ࡼ ࡿ ༙ ᵓ 㐀 㠃᥋ ࢆ ᐇ ࡋ 㸪 ಟ ṇ ∧ࢢ ࣛ ࢘ ࣥ ࢹ ࢵ ࢻ ࣭ ࢭ࢜ ࣜ ࣮ ࣭ ࣉࣟ ࣮ ࢳ 㸦 ᮌ ୗ 㸪2003㸧 ࡼ ࡾ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣮ࣜ 㛫 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ ⏕ 10 ᡂ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ᴫ ᛕ ཬ ࡧ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣮ࣜ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ ⓗ ጇ ᙜ ᛶ ࢆᢸ ಖ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᡭ ⥆ࡁ ࡣ ௨ ୗࡢ ㏻ ࡾࠋ㸦 a㸧 ㄪ ᰝ ᑐ㇟ ⪅ ࢆ ࡼࡃ ▱ ࡿ Ꮫᩍ ဨ ཬ ࡧ Ꮫ 㝔 ⏕ 3 ྡࡀ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜࠸ 㸪 ྜ ព ࡢ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ᴫ ᛕ ཬ ࡧ ࢝ ࢸࢦ ࣜ ࣮ ࡣ ๐ 㝖 ࡋ ࡓࠋ㸦 b㸧 ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ࡢ ᨭ ⤒ 㦂ࡢ ㇏ ࡞ᨭ ⪅ 1 ྡ ཬ ࡧࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫࢆ ᑓ 㛛 ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ Ꮫ ᩍ ဨ 㸪ᴫ ᛕ ཬ ࡧ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣜ ࣮ࡀ ⌧ ᐇ ༶ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸪 ព ⓗ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ࡢ ☜ ㄆ ࢆ ⾜ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ಙ 㢗 ᛶࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ศᯒ ⪅ ௨ እࡢ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫᑓ ᨷ ࡢ Ꮫ㝔 ⏕ 2 ྡ ࡢ ศ 㢮 ⪅㛫 ୍ ⮴ ⋡ࢆ ⟬ ฟ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ㉁ ၥ 㡯 ┠ 㧗 ᰯ㐍 Ꮫ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ㸦 a㸧 ⮬ ศࡢ ⪃ ࠼㸪㸦b㸧㡹 ᙇ ࡾ㸪㸦 c㸧ⱞ ປ㸪㸦d㸧 ᐙ ᪘ࡢ ⪃ ࠼㸪㸦e㸧 ᪥ ᮏ ࡛ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ ⏕ά ࠋ 3㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ⪃ ᐹ ศ ᯒ ࡢ⤖ ᯝ 㸪 25 ಶࡢ ᴫ ᛕཬ ࡧ 7 ಶࡢ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣮ࣜ ࡀ ⏕ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀࡓ ࠋ ᴫ ᛕ⏕ ᡂ ࡢ ศ 㢮⪅ 㛫 ୍ ⮴⋡ ࡣ 84.9%㸪࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣮ࣜ ⏕ ᡂ ࡢศ 㢮 ⪅ 㛫 ୍⮴ ⋡ ࡣ 84.0%࡛ ࠶ ࡗࡓ ࠋ ࢝ ࢸࢦ ࣜ ࣮ 㛫 ࡢ㛵 㐃 ࢆ ᇶ 㸪 㧗 ᰯ 㐍Ꮫ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ࣉ ࣟࢭ ࢫ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࡋ ࡓࠋ ➨ 1 ẁ 㝵 : ⤖ ᯝⓗ 㧗 ᰯ ྜ ᱁ ࡋ ࡓ ⪅ ࡢ ࢇ ࡀ ᑠ ࣭ ୰ Ꮫᰯ ࡛ Ꮫ ⩦ୖ ࡢ ᅔ 㞴 ࡽ ຮ ᙉ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ↓ Ẽຊ ࢆ ⤒ 㦂 ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ➨ 2 ẁ 㝵: ᩍ ᖌ ࡽ ࡢ ᚋ ᢲ ࡋ ࡸᏛ ᰯ ࡛ ࡢᡂ ຌ య 㦂 ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ Ꮫ ⩦ࡀ ື ᶵ ࡙ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋᏛ ⩦ ࡽ ࡢ ୍ ⓗ ࡞㏥ ༷ ࡽࡢ ᅇ ࡣ㸪 ぶ ࡢ ⥴ ⓗ ࡘ ࡞ࡀ ࡾ ࡸ Ꮫ ᰯ࣭ ᐙ ᗞ ௨እ ࡢ ㈨ ※ ࡢά ⏝ ࡀ ᭷ຠ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ➨ 3 ẁ㝵: ぶᏊ㛫ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ⴱ⸨ࡢඞ᭹ࡢࡓࡵ㸪ぶࡀ⏕ᚐ⮬ࡽࡢᕼᮃࢆゝ ⴥ ࡛ල య ⓗ ఏ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ 㸪 ぶ ࡀ ⏕ᚐ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ᤵ ᴗ ཧ ほ࡞ ┠ ぢ࠼ ࡿ ⾜ ື ࢆ㉳ ࡇ ࡍ ࡇ ࡀ ᭷ ຠ ࡛࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ➨ 4 ẁ 㝵: Ꮫ ᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡸ ぶ Ꮚ 㛫ⴱ ⸨ ࡀ ῝ ้࡞ ሙ ྜ 㸪Ꮫ ຊ ྥ ୖ ࡢࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ಶู ᣦ ᑟ 㸪 ᚰ⌮ ⓗ Ᏻ ᐃࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ࣆ ࣭ ࢧ ࣏ ࣮ࢺ ࡞ ᆅᇦ ㈨ ※ ࡢ ά⏝ ࡀ ຠ ᯝⓗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ➨ 5 ẁ 㝵: ཷ 㦂 ࢆ ࡾ ㉺ ࠼ ࡚㧗 ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫࢆ ᯝ ࡓ ࡋ ࡓ⪅ ࡣ 㸪 ࡼࡾ ࣏ ࢪ ࢸ ࣈ ࡛ ල యⓗ ࡞ ᑗ ᮶ ീ ᛮ ࠸ ࢆ ᕠࡽ ࡏ ࡿ ࡼ࠺ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪ࢧ ࣏ ࣮ ࢺࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡿ ഃ ࡽ ᚋ ㍮ ࢧ ࣏ ࣮ ࢺࢆ ࠼ ࡿ ഃ ⛣ ⾜ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ⤖ᯝ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ぶ ࡢ ࢿࢵ ࢺ ࣡ 11 ࣮ ࢟ࣥ ࢢ ࠾ࡅ ࡿ 3 ࡘ ࡢㄢ 㢟 ࡀ ᫂ࡽ ࡞ ࡗࡓ ࠋ➨ 1 ࡣ 㸪ᨭ ┠ᶆ ࢆࠕ Ꮫ ᰯ ㏻ ࠸ ⥆ ࡅࡿ ࠖ ࡇ タ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿࡇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ࡣ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ㧗 ప ࢃ ࡽ ࡎ ຮᙉ ࡽ ୍ ⓗ ㏥ ༷ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ࡑࢀ ࡛ ࡶ ࠕ Ꮫᰯ ㏻ ࠸⥆ ࡅ ࡿ ࠖ ࡇ ࡀ 㔜 せ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ぶ ㄆ ㆑ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ࠺ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ ➨ 2 ࡣ 㸪 ぶ ⥴ ⓗ ࢧ ࣏࣮ ࢺ ᥦ ౪ ࡢ せ ࡞ ㈨※ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ㄆ ㆑ ࡋ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠺ࡇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ͆ ᐙ ᗞ ෆࡢ ⴱ ⸨͇ࡀ ࡁ ࡃ ぶ ࡢࢧ ࣏ ࣮ࢺ ᶵ ⬟ ┠ ࡀྥ ࡁ 㞴 ࠸ࡇ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿࡢ ࡛ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ಖ ㆤ⪅ ࡞ ࢆ ㏻ ࡋ ࡓ ぶ ࡢ ᨭ ࡀ㔜 せ ࡛ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ➨ ࡣ 㸪ぶ ࡢ 㝈 ⏺ࢆ ⿵ ࠺ࡓ ࡵ 㸪Ꮫ ᰯࡸ ᆅ ᇦ ࡢ㈨ ※ ࡀ 㸪 ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ͆✚ ᴟ ⓗ ྲྀࡾ ⤌ ࡳ ͇ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ㄢ㢟 ゎ Ỵ ࢆ ಶู ᣦ ᑟ ࡞ ࡛ ┤ ᥋ ࢧ࣏ ࣮ ࢺ ࡍ ࡿᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ ➨ 3 ❶ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ ➨ 1 ⠇ ᮏ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝ ᮏ ◊✲ ࡢ➨ 1 ࡢ ᡂ ᯝ ࡣ 㸪 ᪥ ᪥ ⣔ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேࡢ ␗ ᩥ 㐺 ᛂ ᨭ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ࢥ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ◊ ✲ 㸦 ᮡ ᒸ 㸪 2008㸧 ࢆ ࡉ ࡽ Ⓨ ᒎ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ࡢ ぶ Ꮚ㛵 ಀ ㄆ ▱ ࡸᆅ ᇦ ཧ ຍࡢ ≉ ᚩ Ꮫᰯ 㐺 ᛂ ࡢ㛵 㐃 ࢆ ᳨ ウࡋ 㸪 ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ Ꮫ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ࡢ ࡓࡵ ࡢ ぶ ࡢࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ ᙺ ❧ ࡘ ▱ ぢࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࡋ ࡓ ࡇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ➨ 2 ࡢ ᡂ ᯝࡣ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀࡲ ࡛ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡸᆅ ᇦ ࡢ ᨭ ⪅ ࡼ ࡿᨭ ࡀ ᅔ 㞴࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ Ⓩ ᰯ ඣ ❺⏕ ᚐ ࡢ ≉ᚩ ࡸ ほ ⓗࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ࢆ ᫂ࡽ ࡋࡓ Ⅼ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ➨ 3 ࡢᡂ ᯝ ࡣ 㸪 ࣈࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ேඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ㧗 ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ࡢࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪ᮏ ே 㸪 ぶ㸪 Ꮫ ᰯ 㸪 ᆅᇦ ࡢ ᨭ ⪅ ࡢ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ࡳ ࡢ ┦ స⏝ ࡀ Ꮫ ᰯ㐺 ᛂ ࢆ ಁ 㐍ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ Ⅼ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ᮏ◊ ✲ ࡢ ᡂ ᯝࡣ 㸪 ᪥ ᮏே ᨭ ⪅ ࡸ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ಖ ㆤ ⪅ ࡀ㞟 ࡲ ࡿ እᅜ ே ಖ ㆤ ⪅ ࡞ ࡛ ࣇ ࣮ ࢻ ࣂࢵ ࢡ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࣮࣡ ࢟ ࣥ ࢢ Ⓨᒎ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ά ⏝ ࡉ ࢀࡓ 㸦 ඤ ⋢ 㸪2011㸧ࠋ ➨ 2 ⠇ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㝈⏺ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 12 ᮏ◊ ✲ ࡣ ᶓ᩿ ⓗ ࡞ ㄪ ᰝ◊ ✲ ࡀ ୰ᚰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓࡀ 㸪 ᚋࡣ ࢫ ࢡ ࣮ ࣝ࢝ ࢘ ࣥ ࢭ ࣮ࣛ ࡞ ༠ ാ ࡋ ࡓ ⮫ᗋ ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫⓗ ࡞ ◊ ✲ ࢆ⾜ ࠺ ᚲ せࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ 㧗ᰯ 㐍 Ꮫ ࡢ ᚰ⌮ ⓗ ࣉ ࣟࢭ ࢫ ࡘ ࠸࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ᚋ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ࡢ ࢧ ࣥࣉ ࣝ ࢆ ༑ ศ ☜ ಖ ࡋ 㸪ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝே ≉ ᭷ ࡢ ࣉࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࢆ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿࠋ ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ඣ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࡢ 㐍Ꮫ క ࠺ ぶ ഃ ࡢ ᚰ ⌮ⓗ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭࢫ ࡶ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ 㸪 ᖐ ᅜ ᚋࡢ ඣ ❺ ⏕ᚐ ࡢ 㐺 ᛂᨭ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ᅾ ࢧ ࣥࣃ ࢘ ࣟ ࡢ᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪࣝ ே ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ⪅ ༠ ാࡋ ᅜ 㝿 ⓗ ࡞ ◊ ✲ ࡶ ⾜࠺ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ࡿ㸦ඤ ⋢ 㸪2011; Nakagawa㸪 2001㸧ࠋ ᘬ ⏝ᩥ⊩ ᮅ 㝯ྖ (2005). ᪥ ⣔ ࣈ ࣛࢪ ࣝ ே ඣ ❺ ⏕ ᚐ ࠾ࡅ ࡿ ᪥ ᮏ ࡛ ࡢ ⏕ ά 㐺ᛂ ࢫ ࢺࣞ ࢫ ≧ࡢ 㛵 㐃 ̿ ឡ▱ ┴ୗ 2 ᕷ ࡢ බ ❧ᑠ ࣭ ୰ Ꮫᰯ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿㄪ ᰝ ࡽ ̿ Ꮫᰯ ಖ ◊✲ , 46, 628-647. 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