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 Title
Author(s)
英語辞書のあやまりについて (9)
山岸, 直勇
Editor(s)
Citation
Issue Date
URL
大阪府立工業高等専門学校研究紀要, 1976, 10, p.111-119
1976-12-20
http://hdl.handle.net/10466/13085
Rights
http://repository.osakafu-u.ac.jp/dspace/
英語辞書のあやまりについて（9）
Mistakes in Eng1ish Dictionaries lIX）
山
岸
直
勇＊
Naotoshi YAMAGIsHI＊＊
（昭和51年9月6日受理）
FOr・W0『d
Eng1ish dictionaries are thought to be a㏄u胞te．I should say that to cm is human．There am
m English d｛ctionaries that have m mistakes．I should be very glad if you would read the
制Iowing thmugh．
略
研大英
簡約英
P㏄ket英
Schoo1英
現代英
語
表
研究社新英和大辞典
研究社新簡約英和辞典
研究社新ポケット英和辞典
研究社新スクール英和辞典
研究社現代英和辞典
Union英
研究社新英和中辞典3訂版
研究社U皿ion英和辞典
LittIe英
貿易産業英
高英
新葉英
英和活用
英熟
研究社新リトル英和辞典
研究社英和貿易産業辞典改訂新版
研究社高校英和辞典
研究社新英英辞典
研究社新英和活用大辞典
三省堂新クラウン英語熟語辞典
英中3
Collego英
三省堂Couege Cmwn英和辞典
Crown英
三省堂新クラウン英和辞典第3版
三省堂Lau・・1英和辞典
三省堂新明解英和中辞典
三省堂最新明解英和辞典
三省堂ティリーコンサイス英和辞典
三省堂コンサイス英英辞典
岩波英和大辞典
岩波英和大辞典
岩波英和辞典
熟語本位英和中辞典
冨山房新訂増補双解英和辞典
旺文社シニア英和辞典
旺文社シニア英英辞典
旺文社エッセンシャル英和辞典中型新版
旺文社英和中辞典
Laure1英
明中英
明解英
Daily英
Conci畠e英英
岩犬英
岩英
岩英
斉藤中
双解英
S㎝ior英
S㎝ior英英
E醐entia1英
旺中英
ホー般教養科
納Dep舳me皿t ofG6ne胞1Education
一1I1一
山
SRD
岸
直
Diamond英
小学館ランダムハウス英和大辞典
小学館ダイヤモンド英和辞典
Anchor英
学研Amhor英和辞典
Stand肌d英
New World英
大修館新スタンダード英和辞典
講談社ニューワールド英和辞典
勇
趾eWer
Brew6r’s Diction；iW ofPhrase and Fable Cente皿a町Edition
Casse11
Casse11，s English Dictionary
Chambers
Chambers Twentieth C6ntu呵Diction酊y
COD
EB
HEW
L1
0ED
OIDS
POD
RHD
RHCDR
SOED
TBCDD
UED
WBE
Thc Conc1500xford Dict三〇nary5th Edition
Micropaedia，Encyclopaedia Britamica
Hamly皿Emydo脾dic Wor1d Dicti㎝a岬
Laro㎜s6mustrated Int6matiom1Encyclopedia and Didiona呵
The Ox危rd Eng1ish Diction趾y
The Oxford nlust胞ted Dictiom岬Second Edition
The Pocket Oxford Dictiom叩5th Edition
Th6Random Ho阯s6Dictionary of the Eng1ish Languag6The Umbridgod Edition
The Random Ho㎜e Co皿ege DictionaW Revi舵d Edition
The Shorter Oxbrd E皿gli5h Dictiomry1973
Thomdik6Bamhart Comp記hensive Desk Dictiomry
WebGD
The Unive㎎al Dictiomry ofthe Eng1ish Language
The World Book Encyclop記ia
Webster，s Geographical Dicti㎝ary
WNWD
Webster，s New World Dicti㎝aW2nd Editi㎝
WNCD
WBD
W3
W20
Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary
Tho World Book Dicti㎝ary
Wobstcr，冑Third N6w Intemadoml D1cd㎝岬
Webster’s New Tw㎝tieth C㎝tuワDicti㎝岬
（1） soo A Japan閉e coin of copP6r or bronze worth about a halfpemy−casse11・A brmer
JaPanesecOmとする．HmomA1ooserobe鉄t㎝edwlthasash，theprmcIpaloutergam㎝t
ofJapm齪ecostume−Casse11．・これに（2）としてawOman’s100sedr醐inggowncoP｛ed冊0m
111111111im111を加え111㎜（111111・）A11m1111i11−1111111・11111・をll．l1m11
（話）一Co11ege英．（口）一Anchor英．（口）一Pocket英．（co11oq．）一S㎝ior英英．それぞれ（話）
（口）（colloq）をとる cf（3）（6）（7）human A wo皿h gh6叩，s o1o山hg，An enemy posmg as a
舳㎝d．The phrase is tak㎝舟。m thc well一㎞own fable of Aesop＿Brewer．．。。伍。m Matt．7＝15and
thewc11−kmwnfab160fAesopに改める．編集部MrJ．Ruchanan−Bmwnはvew many thanks
indeedおr your Ietter．As ever，the points you make are ex㏄eding1y pertinent and wi11 be most
useM，This will I fear，be the1則t time we comspond，sin㏄I am leav長ng at the end ofJanuary
to tak6up another appointment in pub1ishing，However，I leave a me for my su㏄essor con−
taining invaluab1c poin底br any future revision of our厄nglish Dictionary，and of cou㎎e the
editor of Brewer has a1ways re㏄ived your lett6rs as soon朗I havc acknow1edged them．May I
thol・efore takc this opportunity of saγing how ve岬pleasant三t h砥been to be in contact with you
over the years，and to scnd you my best wishes此r Christmas．
（2） 趾㎜te2Not endowed w1th〃8舳。11fe mammate matter，mammate nature＿UED
Cf．imnimate Not endowed with anima1hfe，as in inanimate mture，that part ofnature which i5
w冊0ut semat…0n，i．e．釧0u値ide tbe an三mal wor1d＿0】≡二D，inanimate，not having animal］ife，
mmmate v6getatlon−LI それで。rgamcはammaIの誤り ムwOlf h511e叩，6010山hg，
from the fable，an avaricious，grasping，rapac三〇us person concea1ing his real nature under a mask
一112一
英語辞書のあやまりについて（9）
of simp1icity and imocen㏄一U瓦D・舟。m the fab1eをfrom Aesop’s Fab1es and Matt．7：15とす
る．samllrd2・a The c1asヨ。fgentry，in仰舳m一切〃m，as distinguished fmm the tmding，and
此e wOrking c］ass，”εquent1y serving in the army and mvγ、the da550fgentrγとは士族の事であ
る．華族士族平民の呼称は，・・昭和22年廃虚．。Chairmanである．．Mr Nom如耐anklinの回答は
次の通り．Thank you for your letter，with further suggestions for impmving the entries in
WYLD’S UNIVERSAL ENGLISH DICTIONARY We are addmσthese to our mes危r c㎝一
sideration“h3n the book is reprinted；in the meantime，thank you for making these suggestions．
inanimatemture無生物界一AnchOr英，E雌nti邑1英，Conege英，SeniOr英，Laure1英，Schoo1
葉，簡約英，CrOwn英、研大英，英中3，岩莫大，岩英，POcket英，現代英．inan三mate matter
無生物一SRD，Crown英，S㎝ior英英，S・hooI英，英中3，CO11ege英，現代英．inanimat・
obj㏄t・無生物一Anch0・英，in・nimate natu・・死物界一斉藤中．the inanimatewOrId無生物界一
旺中英，無生物は「植物と鉱物」，に．無生物界と死物界とは，それぞれ，「植物界と鉱物界」
カミ正しし、．
（3）11㎜n㎜n．（co11oq．＆usu．inpl．）A humn being−UED・co11oq・＆usu・inpl・を抹消す
べきである．seppuku，。fr．Japanese．The ceremonia1bm of suicidc practised byJapanese
○冊。ers−asuperiorわrmofhara−kiri−UED．Japanese o伍。ersをJapane舵warriorc1assと改め
る．編集部Mr．Norman FranklinはThank you for your letter．I know the Dictionary is out
Of date，but we are dOing Our be昌t！したがってhuman（口）（普通humansとして）人間一
Senior英．（口語）（普通複数形で）人間一Diamond英．（通例複）（口）人間一Schoo1英、以上
（）内は全部抹消．c￡（1）（6）（7）のhuman。
（4） s必。［Jap sake＜saka−mizu，Prosperous waters］a Japanese a1coho1ic beverage made from
femented rice and usua11y warme“or serving：a1呂。 sp・saki−WNWD・酒の語源説明につき，さ
け酒，さは接頭語，ケはカ（香）と同義一広辞苑．編集部Mrs．Ruth K．KentはYou suggested
change in the etymo1ogy危r sακe is a surpri舵．You s盆y that sαis a“mere prefix”．Is that the
same as we ca11 an“intensive pre丘x”in Eng1ish？ For6xample，in−or be−are intensi丘ers that are
sometimes pre丘xed to verbs to give added empbasis or危rce．We are also interested to丘nd that
ムe means“Perfume”。We wi11pass this infomation a1ong to our etymo1ogist，Dr．Wi11iam
Umbash，おrhis evaluation・「さ」につき更に御教示を賜りたし．kw獺0kll，theJapmesenObility
ε止i20止凹［Jap〕n］土he samurai and tbeir descendents he㎞im［Jap］in Japan，the plebeian c1ass，
inclじding traders，1aborers and artisam−W20．華族士族平民の制度は昭和22年廃止．Mrs．k㎝t
はFor Webster，s New Tw㎝tieth Century Dictionary，yo㎜suggestions regardingゐe伽1m，たω腕。肋，
and s肋zθκ〃are recorded，and many thanks．w，1f i1■出Gφ，s o1o舳皿g A person who hides
ma1icious intent under a benign mamers：se6Matt・7：15−WNWD・see Matt・7：15and Aesop・s
Fab1esとしてはどうか．Mm．KentはWe rea11y do mt㎞ow if the addition of“and Aesop’s
FabIes醐a sour㏄brωψ加s加ψ・s c’o〃ng w6u1d bejusti6ed．It is a matter that wou11d take some
reseユrch，and the editors wi11tend to it when it is time to work on that entry again．sy1IaH①a．
d0山の変更について，ad・zu・ki bean，ju・jut・su，net・昌u・ke，Sat・su・ma−WNWD．をa・dzu．ki
bean，ju・ju・tsu，ne・tsu・ke，Sa・tsu・maとすること．Mrs．KentはThe suggestionsfor changes in
sy11abication ofα6別κあ舳，5ψ舳，m泌e，and∫伽mo have also been placed on me．We are
wondering if therc are other words in肌凸s柳，s M刎〃〃〃〃。f毒θmぴ。f that“family”．帽11tsmga−
mus阯他08se［Jap．tsutsugamushi，1it．，dangems insectトwNwD．害虫病これは［＿1it．，
一113一
山
岸
直
勇
tsutsuga111ncss，mushlms㏄t］である b㎜mk㎜［Jap，a冊erγBunrakuken18th−cmα肋。fpup−
pet・］一WNWD．U．Bun・akukenである．植村文楽軒は文楽座の始祖で操り人形の創始者でな
い．［Jap・，after U・Bunrakuk㎝，工8th−c founder of the Bunraku−za pupPet theater］である．Mrs．
KentはIt wou1d seem that you have given us a number of worthwhi1e pi㏄cs of infor皿ation．
We havc p1a㏄d㎝行1e your suggestcd changes for the ctymologics of舳s榊舳s〃andあ榊α此“．
Thc backgromd inbrmation for the latter is not on1y interesting，but is what we need for
authentication｛br such a change．
（5） bare山一Pro・fr・Jap・］：a pad of twisted cord covered with paper，cJo肋，and bamboo伽！一
with which a printmaker transmits prcssure typicauy by rubbing to paper laid on an inked
woodcut−W3．馬連，木版刷で版木の上に当てた紙の上を摺るもので紙を重ねて作った当皮
を竹の皮で包んだもの．竹の葉は竹の皮の間違い，prob．と。10thをとるsOm l：aJapanese
moneta・y mit equal tO l／l00y㎝2：a c・in・・p・es・nting One sen−W3・銭は現在貨幣の単位で
なく流通もしていない、Joint配itor1a1DirectorであるMr．Frederick c．Mishの返信はThank
you for your letter o冊ering helpful comm㎝ts on the㎝triesろ〃m and sm in Webster’s Third New
Intemational Dictionary．Your comment onム〃m has gone to the丘1cs to alert the dc￡ner of that
term br the Fourth Edit三〇n and to our ctymologist．I have passed your comment on sm along to
our editor who ovcrsces all the entries for coins and monetary denominations in our dict三〇naries
so that he can detemine what should bc done at sm in Webster，s Third New Intematiom1
Dlct1ona「y tsllts皿9m㎜s阯此e舶可tsutsugamush1fr Jap，dangerous msect］一w3 害虫病
［tsutsuga mness，mushi ins㏄t］である．Mr．MshはWe wi11also schedu1e a change in the
etymo1ogy of’s伽g舳砒sゐ｛in Webster，s Third New International Dictionary，incorporating your
suggestion，which a bit of checking has established as perfect1y sound． kag皿ra［Jap］1a state1y
dance Ofthe shintO re1igiOn that nOw￡omsa part OfJapanese vmagefestiva1s−w3．神楽，宮中
で行なうもの（stately dan㏄ofthe Shinto re1igiOn），と民間で行なうさとかぐら（rura1ShintO
shrine mu昌ica1dan㏄）との2種ある．Mr．MishはYour comment on kag㎜ra as treated in
Webster，s Third New Intemati㎝a1Dicti㎝ary have been sent to the行1e；to guide future de丘ners
1ft11t1rm肋㎜舳tl111111jlH11111111fN11111111r1111111111t111
425，OOO−WNCD・isはinの誤り．Mr，MishはWe particularly apPr㏄iate your having ca11ed
the typogmphica1error at Hamamatsu in the Geographica1Names s㏄tion of Wcbster’s New
Co11egiate Dictiona叩to our attention．It remained uncaught until you wrote but wi11be cor−
r㏄ted as soon as manufacturing Pro㏄sses permit・bo皿usu cap［Jap］：a great popu1ar￡estiva1of
Japan he1d JuIy13to16when the spirits of ancestors are supPosed to revisit the househo1d altars−
ca11cd alsO Feast of Lantemトw3 おぼん，July13tO16をJu1y13to15に Hホ。d前e
SeapOrt city…丘rst op㎝ed to foreign trade1854−WebGD・実際に開港場となったのは1854年
でなく1858年（安政6年）である．f・・ji2al・0力9｛・h…yl a・h・ubby Japan… HOw・・y・h…y
with pale pink peta1s and red maments that persist a￡ter the peta1s fa11 3also力ψa：a spun si1k
clothing fabric in p1ain weave orig．made in Japan b：a rayon imitation of this fabric−w3．
2は富士桜3は富士絹のことといづれもfugiを呵iに改めるl s冊y疵11［Jap］：a dish con−
sist三ng ofthin sli㏄s ofmeat，soybean curd，and vegetab1es cooked in soy sau㏄，s”加，and sugar＿
WNWD．sakeをsweet sake（mirin）に改める．s出庫1刎刎，soybean curd，onions，bamboo
shoots，and other vegetables cooked in soy sau㏄，soκe，and sugar usu．at the tab1e−W3．meat
一114一
英語辞書のあやまりについて（9）
をthm1y s11ced meatにsakeをsweet sake（m1rm）に改める 蛇mp11記seahod or veg6tab1es
・dipPed in batter and〃eゴーWNWD。舟iedをd胱p一仕iedに改める、Mr，MishはThank you
此ryourlettersuggestingchangesinvariousent㎡齪insevemlofourbooks．Averybusyschedule
ofe砒。rial work at present preven値my attempting a detai1ed response，but p1ease rest assured
that as always，your comments are appreciated．Such changcs as are indicated by them wilI be
made whcn manu血。turing Pro㏄sses permit。
（6） 9o（also I・9o）Japanese game of territorial po鵬ssion，Played on board of18x18squares，
伽。h player having abOut200pieces−OIDS・黒の碁石は181個白の碁石は180個，石は線と線
の交点に置く、Mmo皿。so Japanese［￡NipPon，Jap．name危rJapan，￡ni−Pun sunrise（ni sun，
I〕unor量gin）］一〇IDS．ni−Punはsmriseでなくthe placethesuncomes什。mである，niは
nichi（日）のつまったもの．EditorであるMrs−Domthy Eag1eはI am grate㎞I to you br your
description of the game8θ（or正gθ）．I imagine that although properly played with Hat，round
stones，these could also be made of another matcrial，such as wood or p1astic．And thank you，
行na11y，比r the rev三sed ctymology br M妙mse．碁石は最近ではガラスに鉛を入れたもの，プラ
スチックでできたものはあるが木製のはない．w枇g w汕High wall inJerusalem，supposed
to stand on the site of solomon’s tcmp1e，to which Jews resortθπF棚ψto pray and lament、一
〇IDS on F・idaysを抹消すべきでないかに対してM・s・Eag1eはI p・opose to mod町the ent・y
in the Oxbrd I11ustmted Dictiomry，omitting the re従rence to Fridays，which seEm irrclevant．一．
‘The lower square near the Wa11 is the pmyer area，where onc may舟nd people praying or
studying，either singly or in groups，day and night thmughout the year，． 5㎜Ψp6r Any of various
camivorous危。d−Hshes（血mi1yZ〃‘1m肋‘）ofwamseas−OIDS・鯛に似た暖海産の肉食性の食
用魚，Lutian三daeは誤りLu句anidacが正しい．w阯topΨGr戸〃伽m物ワreport，usu．less ex−
t㎝sive than b1ue book−OIDS．英国政府発行の議会についての報告書である．Mrs．肋gleは
Thank you br your notes onω肋eμψer and s㎜m〃，which I have行1edおr∼ture reたrence．
white paper（英）白書：下院が特定の問題に関する調査の結果及びその対策を報告する文書一
SRD．政府発行の議会が特定の…と改める．（英）白書（下院発行の報告書）一研大英，簡約，
Diamond英．（英国）下院の公表文書一斉藤中．（英）下院発行の白書一Laure1葉．（英）下院発
行の報告書一貿易産業英．特に英国下院発行の報告書一旺中英．それぞれ英政府発行の議会に
ついての報告書とする．c￡（lO）white papcr d㎞o Title of brmer chief temitorial nobles of
Japan，vassa1s ofthc Mikado−oIDs・ofthe Mikadoを。fthe shogmとするMikadoは封建時
代nomimlmlerであった．mo㎜DownfmmdriedlcavesofArtemisiamoxaorsimi1arsoft
combustib1e material，used to cautcrize the skin。［Jap・mokusa（moe kusa buming herb）］一〇IDs。
もぐさ［Japm0駅sa（）］とする 曲。psd山0neofapa1rofsma11sticksoflvory，bonc，wood，
etc．，held between thumb and丘ngers ofone hand and used by chinese，Japanese，and Koreams
in eating−0IDs．by chinese，Japanesc，Koreans，and vietam65eに改める．以上が箸の文化
圏．車㎜一P8阯血Largc mre bear−1三ke biack−and−white mamma1（Ailumpoda melanoleuca）of
E．Tibetand Sz㏄huan．一0IDS．E．TibetandSz㏄huanをS・㏄huan（四川省），Kanzu，（甘粛
省），111Y1m11（雲南省）とする．h㎜㎜（j11・）H1m1111i11−01Dl・（j11・）を取るべき
である．c￡（1）（3）（7）human hoHh6Perman㎝tlyopen telephoneline−0IDS・＿telephom
and te1ex1meとする ho1咽meW，（boxmg）w1thheadheldunderopPon㎝t’s armtobc
pommeued＿0IDS． （wrest1ing）with head held行rmly between opponent’s arm and his chest
−H5一
山
岸
直
勇
を加える．M耐．EagleはThank you for your letter in which you make v肌ious suggesti㎝s br
modi榊ng entries in the Ox此rd I11ustrated DictionaW．I haved noted the appmpriated amend−
men嶋for此e危uowing：此伽｛o，mo畑，c危ψs底止，and e加m仰〃”． The noun加mm is frequently
used in a jocuIar or colloquial sense but，as you point out，not always． I agree that it wou1d be
better to omit此e label‘joc．，．片。’〃m The∫。0．亙．D．Addenda list de丘nes this as‘a d三rect exc1usive
comm㎜icati㎝chame1betwe㎝two points；s卿．betwe㎝Washington and Moscow；’so this
could incIude telex as we11顯telephone．I can modify0．∫．D’s entry a㏄ording1y．加。加肌ηI
have noted the wrcstling sense．
（7） d州。 The title of the chief territorial nob1es of Japan，vass21s of此e mikado；now
abo1ished．一〇皿D．vassals ofthe shogunに改める．mikad0はnominal rulerであった．編集部
Dr．J．B．sykesはYou have made a valuable contribtiuon here，and we shou1d㏄rtainly replace
‘mikado’by’shogm’in our de丘nitions．91阯［Japanese］A J lpmese copPer or bmnze coin of
sm記11valuトs0ED・籠皿JapanesecOpper coin，1μ000fγ㎝一。0D・銭は旧通貨それでA
brmerJapaneseとする．Dr．sykesはItisindeedtruethatthes㎝neeホde缶ninginhistorica1
terms now，and I see that I have dropped the word fmm the next edition of thc Com｛se0枇〃
D洲θ祀αひ Christmas−eve The evening before Christm砥一day＿SOED，Christmas Eve The day
before Chr虹m炉POD． 24th Dec。（Christm乱s eve）＿COD．Christmas Eveはday before
Christmasかevening bcfore Christmasかの間に対しDr．SykesはWe n0〃use Christmas Eve t0
denotc the whole day of24D㏄ember，but it formerIy meant the evening onIy．Christmas Eve
クリスマス前夜一研大英，SRD，CO11ege英，Crown英，明中英，Lau・e1葉，明英，岩英，高
英，Uni㎝英，岩大英，Diamond英，Standa・d英，Litue英，Dai1y英，斉藤中，英和活用，
簡約英，S㎝io・英英，旺中英，以上にクリスマス前日を加える．c工（8）（13）Christma・Eve
地0bOf0総b㎝耐y．美人よりも老人が先一葉熟．この旬につきにDr．Sykes尋ねてみた．In
the dra硫。fthe sixth edition of C，0．D， I have substituted‘age bebre beauty，foポagc before
honesty’，and I think it is fair1y evident that the elders have more age but（on the who1e）1制
beauty than the cbi1dren． The brms wI舳’hone5ty’or‘honour㎜aγbe merdyjocular alterations，
a1though when‘age before honesty’was6rst6ntered in C．O．D．（1914）the definition read‘auow
pr㏄eden㏄to your e1ders however marked th3ir moral inferiority to yourse1f（said to children）．，
それで，子供は年長者に譲らねばならぬ，に訂正する．w汕皿8w汕，pla㏄Pa・tofthe
so1omonic wall atJerusa1em where the Jews assemb1e to bewail the destruction ofthe Temple＿
COD．So1omonicをHerod’sとしてはどうかの問に対してDr．SykesはI have a1ready im−
pI−oved the de6nition of〃。づκ”gレ7”〃for the next edition，a1though of course there wiu not be
room危r a1I the detai1ed history related in your1etter．I wm，however，make sure that the facts
you glve are takcn mto account me6t8t P㎜pが keep an appomtrr6■t w1thout fa11 In
allusion to the mceting of Bmtus at Philippi with−he ghost of Caesar． I was te11ing them山at I
thought I would wa1k to the cast1e，I am企e1ing邊htt1e cmmped a丘er thejourney，We sha11
meet at Philippi．一研一究社英語イディオム辞典．しかしWe shan see at正h長1ippi，m㏄t at
PhilipPi，Phrases threatening retribution−COD．今にあだをとってやるぞ，の意である．Dr．
Sykesの御意見を伺うとThe use of‘meet at Philippi’in Wodehouse as quoted by K㎝kyusha
seems to me ajocular apP1ication．Evident1y，when the Ghost of Cacsar says to Brutus‘I am the
evi1spirit and thou sha11see me at PhiHppi，，he is promising somcthing worse than a mere
一116一
英語辞書のあやまりについて（9）
rendezvous．h㎜㎜口（n．）human being−COD． しかしh㎜oaπA human being，a man．（now
chieHyjoc．o・a冊ected）一SOED．SO厄Dの（）内の㈹t㎡cti㎝はとった方がよくわないかの
間に対しDr．SykesはTherca・efurtherexamplesof乃阯mmasa munintheproo危。fthesecond
volume of the new SuppIement to the O．E，D、，and it seems that the restriction is better deIeted．
humanは（口語戯言）一研大英，（諸諺語）一双解，（戯言）一号英，英中3，〔諾〕一Dai1y，（主に
戯言）一簡約英，（joc、）新葉菜．いづれも括孤内をとる．c￡（1）（3）（6）のhuman．humanに
つきWNWD，WBD，W3，RHD，P㎝guin Eng．Dict。もspe㏄h leve1の表示なし．それで次の
（）内をとる．（俗）一C㎝cise英英，（通例p1・）（俗）一Ess㎝tia1葉，（俗）Laure英，Litt1e英．
A wolf h sム06p，s c1o心hg A person who con㏄als malicious intentions under an appeamn㏄of
gentleness or命iend1iness（in allusion to Matt，7＝15）＿SOED．Matt．7：15and Aesop’s Fab1es
としてはどうかとの間に対しDr・Syke・はI盆gr・e that‘wolfin sheep’s c10thing’i・ass㏄iated
with Aesop，but it was used三n亙ngIish from曲e I5th century，well bcfore thc肋bles were丘rst
pub1ished in Eng1ish、
（8） k㎝山Japanese Art of富wordmansh三p practised w舳bamboo staves，in18th一㏄nt．armoUr，
and Observing strict ritua1−Chambers，1舳一。ent．armourについて，当時の武士は剣道の防具
をつけて戦場におもむくことになる．㎞gO AJapanese basketwOrk pa1anquin［Jap．kang0］一
。hambers．［Jap．kago］である．9ob㎜gAgamepIayedonaboardof256squa咽，with冊ty
counters，the o勾㏄t being to get丘ve in a row。［Jap．9oban］一。h乱mbers．9obang（碁盤）とは五
目並べ．鍵珠盤は縦横15本の線225路．先手は黒石を後手は白石を各50個づつ持＝つ．但し線と
線の交点に石を置く［Jap．litera11y gO board］とする．編集部Mrs．Betty KirkpatrickはIt is
good of you to take the troub1e to investigate and comment upon the worホ。fJapan醐。rigin
in our dictionaW，Your comments have been added to our mes and will be taken into considera−
tionduringthepreparationofthenextedition．se山AJapユnes3copPercoin，thehundredthpユrt
ofayen−chambers これをAformerJapanese とする 曲0脾㎡必sTwosmallst1cksused
the chinesc instcad ofafork−Chambαs、これを．．by theJapancse，chines3，Koream，and
byvletnameseに改める k吐。momAJap㎜蹴wau・plcture“lth ro11er−ch盆mbers 掛物は
pictureだけでなく書もある、Christmascve，Dec．24−Chambe閑、これにthe6v㎝ingofDec．
24を加えてはどうか編集部Mrs．KirkpユtrickはIt was goodofyoutotake the tmuble tos㎝d
us another hst of suggested alterations especia11y to the worホ。f Japanese origin．we shan
considεr these during the preparations of our next edition．With reference to your query about
Christmas Eve，it is uヨed to r曲r to the whole day of De㏄mber24th as we11as to the evening
of that day．c￡（7）（13）Chr虹mas Ev6，o㎡g“㎡Japanese art of制ding Paper so困to make
animal fOms，etc・一Chambers・折り紙で作る代表的なものは鶴であるからbirdfoms，etc・と
改める．8出y州児ee工vegetab1es，sauce，etc．，cooked together oft㎝at tab1e一αnmbers．beef
をthinly−sli㏄d beefにsau㏄をsoy sau㏄に改める．編集部・J・・smithはYour detai1ed descrip−
t1on ofom8m！was almost enough to make me attempt lt but I susp㏄t曲at I am not neat丘ngered
㎝ough for that particu1ar art．We should pmbab1y make some amendati㎝to s泌枇κto
ind三。ate that the meat is thinly sliced．
（9） I〕城。 Judo，one of the grades into which experienced judo contestants ar6divid6d：there
are twelve Dans，but the high㏄t eve．achieved k t㎝th Dan．一HEW．lI段12段なし初段よりlO
段まで．㎞mtGAmethodofde虻nsive行ghting，developedinOkimwa，inwhichhands，e1bows，
一117一
山
岸
直
勇
fe・t，and㎞ees are th60n1y wc・p㎝s used−HEW、空手は中国より沖縄へ伝わり大正11年
（1922年）船越義珍が東京で公開演武したのがはじまりでそれ以後おもに日本の大学で修練さ
れしだい盛大となり発展した，gG㎜0（in Japan）a gmup of senioI statesm㎝，with m1ega・1
stat咽，md m de自ncd membcrship，who towards the㎝d of曲e Me屯i era were a powe㎡ul
inHu㎝㏄㎝goverment po1icy．一HEW．towards the end of the Meiji eraについて，元老は明
治時代の中ごろから昭和10年代のなかばにいたる間我が国の政界の最上層にあって勢力をふ
るった重臣たち．s8m㎜miAretainerofaJapanesefeudalnobles，holding1and0H㏄eivinga
stip㎝d in・icc or m㎝ey−HEW．さむらいの給与は米を基準とするのが原則。r moncyをと
る．EditorであるMr．John BailieはThank you for your letter about the Encyclopedic worId
Dictiomry．I was veエy interested to read youHemarks about the entries‘samurai，and‘ka帆te’，
and shall bear thcm in mind when we come to爬vise the Dictionary．
（1O）01d Wiw㏄，s㎜㎜1冊A pemd of丘m，summer−11ke wcather㏄currmg1n Eumpc m
autumn−RHD．Altweiber sommcrから来たものであるが広く米国で使用されているのかと
尋ねた．ddmyoJapaneseHist・oneofthegreat feudal lordswhowerevassa1softheemperor−
RHD，RHCDR．emperorをshogunに改める，封建時代emperorはmmina1mle「であった．
M㎜aging厄ditorであるMs．Leonore C．HauckはI did want to1ct you㎞ow曲atwe apPreciate
your interest in and approva1of our dictionaries，and that we wi11pursue the matters d｛scu鵬ed
in your letter as son soon as our sour㏄s arc again avai1able．I myse1f have never heard the
phrase0〃閉枷’∫舳mer and agr㏄that，even in an unabridged dictionary，there is much more
re1evant vocabulary t11at neeホto be五ncluded．Your comments about the entries〃ψθand
乃。伽arc of6sp㏄ial inter6st，and，subj㏄t of course to the appmva1of our cxperts，wm most1ike1y
resu1t in improvements in our dictionaries．Thank you again for your continu6d interest in Our
dictionaries．w阯蛇岬脾r British a specia1publication of the House of Commons on a spec舶。
subj㏄士，usua11yreportingresu1tsofare㏄ntinvestigationorsummarizingpo1icy＿RHD．英国政
府発行議会について報告書である．cC（6）white p・pe・及びその他につきM・・Hauckに尋ねた
ところWe are very g1ad to have your∼rther1etter with its additi㎝al c〕mm㎝ts and correct1㎝s
on several entries in our Random House dictionaries．I am sure that，in time，your e冊。rts wilI
bc reH㏄ted in subtle editorial improvements in our books一
（11） EoI1，or Urabon，onc of the most popu1ar amua1胎stivals in Japan，observed July15，
honoring the昌pirit冒。f de㏄asscd family an㏄stors and of thc dead generally。一EB．July15はJuly
13−150）’誤．Edtoria1AssistantであるMr．Maエvin D．CoutureはThe date of the Bon Festival
wi11be changed to July13−15in a future printing of the Britannica・ Abe Isoo，one of the
founders ofthe Japanese s㏄ia1ist movem㎝t and titu1ar head of the social Mass Party（shakai
〃s棚δ）什。mitsin㏄ptionin1932untili1940−EB・Talsh耐。はTaish口toの誤り．Amatcrasu
（Japanesel Heaven Shining），the㏄Iestial sun gα』dess仔。m whom the Japanese Imperial family
claims descent，and an三mportant Shinto deity．．。The other8，OOO，000gods conferred on how to
1ure the sun goddess outrEB．8，OOO，OOO godsはやおよろず（八百万）の神の誤訳．やおよろ
ず，はいちいち数えることが出来ないほど数の多い，という意味．Mr．CoutureはThecom㏄一
tions you suggest wi11 be made in a future of Britannica．Thank you危r wr三ting．As usua1，
your1etter has resulted in improvements in the Britannica・h趾㎡Puri丘。ation㏄remon三。s，an
important elem㎝t of the shinto re1igion ofJapan…Many of the rites，such as bathing in co1d
−l18一
英語辞書のあやまりについて（9）
seawater，are traditiona11y explained as the method used by Izanagi（tho male creator ofJapan）
to rid himself of the po11uting e冊。t of seeing the decユying body of his si昌ter，Izanami，in the
1andofdead．sisterをw此に改める．阯y他一mo，Japanescmeasurementofweightequa1t0
5，797，1989rains（825）Pounds．一EB．hiyaka−meをhyakkan−meに改める．Mr，CoutureはIn
the entry‘harai’Izamami wi11be r幽rred to as the w此and sister of Izanagi。一一Thc Japanese
Consu−ate in Chicago in危rms us that妙。左。−me should be妙口比此伽一舳．This spelling wi11be used
三n future printings．
（12） Jillr趾isha ls a l・ght two−wheeIed cart once wldely used as a pub11c vehIcIe m Japan
and China．It usuaHy had a top，or hood，to protect passengers＆om the weathe正．The rumer
or舳，ran between the呂ha胞and o鮎n pu11ed passengers20or30mi1es a day、一WBE・hikiは
kuruma−hiki車曳きの誤り．S㎝ior Editoria1ResearcherであるMr．Robert HammはWe
sincere1y appr㏄iate the corr㏄tion you have s㎝t us for．the WorlHook‘コimikisha”article and
are brewarding it to our Editors so that the necessary revision can bc made as soon as possible。
（13） Ch正istmas Eve，the night（o趾en a1so the day）before Christmas Day，marked by prepa−
rati㎝s for the Christmasたstiva」WBD．Chr1stmas Eve，theev㎝ing before Christmas−TBCDD．
thenight（0＆㎝alsOtheday）かthcev㎝ingか編集部Mr．Clar㎝㏄L．Bamhartに尋ねたところ
As危r the WBD de丘nition ofChristmas Eve，it para11e1s the deHniti㎝of伽（“the ev㎝ing or day
beおre a holiday or other special day”）cx㏄pt that it emphasizes the fact that the term is com−
mon1y used to re企r to the企stivity or㏄1ebration that begins a仔er n三ght側1．Such sentences as
“Where win you sp㎝d Christmas Eve？”or“We had a wonderfu1Christmas Eve”usua11y re佗rs
to the night bc缶re Christmas Day，The Comprehensive Desk’s dc丘nition is thus not as pr㏄ise as
WBD，s；at1east“eve”wou1d have been better than‘‘ev㎝ing”．c￡（7）（8）Christmas Eve㎞曲I■
5ummer，Am．timc of mi1d，dry，hazy weathel in late autumnrTRCDD．Indian summerは
UlS．だけでなくEng1and，Canadaでも使用されているAm。の1abe1をとってはどうかとの問
に対してMr．Bam｝a・tはYou are quite right about〃｛m sm榊，and we have deleted the
American labe1in a11our dictionaries except the Comprehensive Deヨk，which，as I beheve I wmte
you once，1s not being revised．Wh㎝and ifwe shou1d mamge to rcvise this book we wi11of
course make the appropriate changes三n this and in many other entries requiring rcvision．so皿A
Japanese copPer or bmze coin worth lμoo o『里y㎝一wBD，sG㎜AJapユnese copPer or br㎝・e
coin，equal to l／lOOofayen−TBCDD・いずれもA胎rmer』apanese一。とするMr・Bamhartは
With respεct to the sen，I wonder ifthe insertion ofthe quali丘er“おrmer”in the de丘nition ofthis
term may not be somewhat premature so1ong as the coin，though practically worth1ess，still
exists in actua1cum㎝cy．While the govemm㎝t has stopped minting these coins，it has
apparently not w三thdrawn them什。m c三rculation．Can a person pay br a purchase with
hundr・ds（or thou・and・）of・・n Or i・・u・h a thing hea・dofP銭の貨幣は物価の異状な騰貴のた
め無価値となり流通していない、銭を数百校或いは数一千枚重ねて品物を買うこともしない．現
在は円を使用．Mr．週amhartはManythanks危ryourpromptrep1ytomyquestionc㎝ceming
the sm，We wi11㏄rtainly change the pres㎝t de行nition of this㎝tIy to indicate that the coin is
nol㎝gerused．
（14）w汕0rOopOr（植）イワマワリ（つる草）一New WOr1d英．（植）いわまわり一Pocket
英，簡約英，英中3．キバシリ科の鳥で，かべばしりという．植物でない，A smaH gray and
crimson，01dW0T1dbird，Tichodmmamuraria，whichinhabits c1総inmountainousareas＿RHD．
Your emendations and suggestions wi11 be gladly received一
一一一9一