仕事とのかかわりからみた未婚勤労女性のアイデンティティの検討

Ⓨ㐩㻌 㻞㻼㻹㻜㻝㻤
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻞 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠅㻌
઀੐ߣߩ߆߆ࠊࠅ߆ࠄߺߚᧂᇕൕഭᅚᕈߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩᬌ⸛
٤ᷰㆻ߭ߣߺ㧝࡮ౝጊદ⍮㇢㧞
㧔㧝หᔒ␠ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㧞หᔒ␠ᄢቇᢥቇㇱ㧕
Key words: ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ㧘↢ᵴ㗔ၞ㧘⥄Ꮖ᭎ᔨ
⋡ ⊛
ߡ޿ߊߩ߆ࠍߔߢߦ᳿ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ุ߆߇⥄Ꮖ᭎ᔨߩ㆑޿ߦ
⃻࿷㧘௛ߊᅚᕈ߇ᐕ‫ޘ‬Ⴧടߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘઀੐ߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅᣇ߇
ᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ߔߢߦㅴ〝ࠍ᳿ቯߒߡ
⚿ᇕ߿಴↥㧘ߟ߹ࠅᅚᕈߣߒߡߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߿Უⷫߣ
޿ࠆㅌ⡯ဳߣᧂ⏕ቯဳߣߩ㑆ߦߪᏅ߇ߺࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߆
ߒߡߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿
ࠄ㧘ߎߩὐߦ㑐ߒߡߪ੹ᓟߐࠄߥࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠆ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᅚᕈߦߣߞߡߩ⡯ᬺࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩ
5 ߟߩ↢ᵴ㗔ၞߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦኻߔࠆ⹺⼂ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧔Table 2㧕㧘
㊀ⷐᕈ߇㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ኅ੐߿⢒ఽߩ 74.1㧑
⛮⛯ဳߪ㧘ઁߩဳࠃࠅ߽‫઀ޟ‬੐‫(ޠ‬F(3, 148) = 2.92㧘p<.05) ߿
ࠍ⽶ᜂߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪᅚᕈߣ޿߁ߩ߇⃻⁁ߢ޽ࠆ㧔ౝ㑑ᐭ, ‫ޟ‬⠌޿੐࡮ീᒝ‫(ޠ‬F(3, 148) = 3.77㧘p<.05) ࠍ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺
2006㧕‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ᄙߊߩൕഭᅚᕈߪ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌ಴↥ߩ㓙ߦ㧘઀
⼂ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘
‫ޟ‬ኅᐸ‫ߩޠ‬㊀ⷐᕈߩ⹺⼂ߪઁߩဳࠃࠅ߽ૐ޿ߣ
੐ߩ⛮⛯߿৻ᤨ㔌⡯㧘߽ߒߊߪㅌ⡯ߣ޿߁ㅴ〝ㆬᛯࠍㄼࠄࠇ
޿߁․ᓽ߇ߺࠄࠇߚ
F(3, 148) = 5.65㧘p<.001)‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ㅌ⡯ဳ
ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫⎇ᧄߢߎߘޕ‬ⓥߢߪ㧘⇣ߥࠆ઀੐ߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅᣇ
ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޟ‬ኅᐸ‫ߩޠ‬㊀ⷐᕈߩ⹺⼂߇㕖Ᏹߦ㜞޿ߣ޿߁․ᓽ
ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆᧂᇕൕഭᅚᕈߦ㧘⥄Ꮖ᭎ᔨ߿㊀ⷐⷞߒߡ޿ࠆ↢
߇ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ᵴ㗔ၞߣ޿߁ὐߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥᏅ߇޽ࠆߩ߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣࠍ
⹺⼂ߣߪ೎ߦ㧘ታ↢ᵴߩਛߢᦨ߽㊀ⷐⷞߒߡ޿ࠆ↢ᵴ㗔ၞ
⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ࠍߺߡߺࠆߣ㧘ㅌ⡯ဳ (x2(2) = 18.47, p<.001) ߿৻ᤨ㔌⡯ဳ
(x2(4) = 43.64, p<.001) ߪߘߩ⹺⼂ߣห᭽ߦ‫ޟ‬ኅᐸ‫߽ᦨࠍޠ‬㊀
ⷐߥ㗔ၞߣᝒ߃ߡ޿ࠆੱߩഀว߇㜞߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘⛮⛯ဳ
ᣇ ᴺ
ߪ‫ޟ‬ኅᐸ‫ߌࠊࠅߣࠍޠ‬㊀ⷐⷞߒߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥߊ㧘ߐࠄߦ㧘
⺞ᩏኻ⽎⠪
‫઀ޟ‬੐‫ߪޠ‬㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߩ⹺⼂ࠍᜬߞߡߪ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ታ↢ᵴ
2006 ᐕ 6 ᦬ߩᤨὐߢ৻ㇱ਄႐߆ߟ⾗ᧄ㊄߇ 100 ం౞એ਄ߦ
ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫઀ޟ‬੐‫ߌࠊࠅߣࠍޠ‬㊀ⷐⷞߒߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢ߽ߥ߆
⹥ᒰߔࠆߔߴߡߩડᬺ㧔642 ␠㧕ߩ߁ߜ㧘270 ␠ࠍ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߦ
ߞߚ‫ࠄ߆ߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬㧘↢ᵴ㗔ၞߩ⷗ᣇߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘
‫઀ޟ‬੐‫ޠ‬
ㆬቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฦડᬺߦ 3 ㇱߕߟ⾰໧⚕ࠍㇷㅍߒ㧘⸘ 810 ฬߩᧂ
ࠃࠅ߽‫ޟ‬ኅᐸ‫ߦޠ‬ኻߔࠆᗧ⼂ߦ߅޿ߡᄢ߈ߥᏅ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃
ᇕൕഭᅚᕈߦ⾰໧⚕߳ߩ࿁╵ࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫⾰ޕ‬໧⚕ߩ࿁෼₸ߪ
ࠄࠇߚ‫઀ߚ߹ޕ‬੐ࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆᅚᕈ߇Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆ⃻࿷␠ળߩ
19.12㧑㧔155 ฬ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘᦭ല࿁╵ᢙߪ 152 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ਛߢߪ㧘઀੐ࠍ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐⷞߔࠆᅚᕈߩჇടࠃࠅ߽㧘ኅᐸࠍ
⾰໧⚕ 㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐⷞߔࠆᅚᕈߩᷫዋߣ޿߁ᄌൻ߇⿠߈ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇
੹ᓟߩ࡜ࠗࡈࠦ࡯ࠬ ⃻࿷⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ዁᧪ߩ࡜ࠗࡈࠦ࡯ࠬ
␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ࠍ㧘
1಴↥࡮⢒ఽߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ઀੐ࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆ㧔એਅ‫ޠဳ⛯⛮ޟ‬㧕㧘
2಴↥࡮⢒ఽߩ㓙ߦ৻ᤨ㔌⡯ߒ㧘⢒ఽ߇߭ߣᲑ⪭ߒߚᓟߦౣ
Table 1 ㅴ〝೎ߦߺߚฦ⥄Ꮖ᭎ᔨߩᐔဋ୯㧔ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ㧕
ዞᬺߔࠆ㧔એਅ‫ᤨ৻ޟ‬㔌⡯ဳ‫ޠ‬㧕㧘
3಴↥࡮⢒ఽࠍᯏߦㅌ⡯ߒ㧘
ኾᬺਥᇚߦߥࠆ㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬ㅌ⡯ဳ‫ޠ‬㧕㧘
4⃻ᤨὐߢߪㅴ〝߇ᧂ⏕
⥄Ꮖ᭎ᔨ㩷
⛮⛯ဳ㩷
৻ᤨ㔌⡯ဳ㩷
ㅌ⡯ဳ㩷
ᧂ⏕ቯဳ
ቯߢ޽ࠆ㧔એਅ‫⏕ᧂޟ‬ቯဳ‫ޠ‬㧕㧘ߩ 4 ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߆ࠄㆬᛯߒߡ߽
䉮䊮䊏䊁䊮䉴㩷
4.58 (1.93)
4.46 (1.81)
4.24 (1.75)
3.99 (1.91)
ࠄߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ᛥ೙㩷
2.81 (1.83)
2.91 (1.94)
2.69 (1.10)
2.95 (1.90)
↢ᵴ㗔ၞ
‫ޟ‬ኅᐸ‫ޠ‬㧘
‫ޟ‬૛ᥜᵴേ࡮⿰๧‫ޠ‬㧘
‫઀ޟ‬੐‫ޠ‬㧘
‫ޟ‬⠌޿੐࡮
䊘䉳䊁䉞䊑ᗵᖱ
5.25 (1.01)
5.23 (1.05)
5.43 (1.10)
5.17 (1.96)
ീᒝ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬෹ੱ㑐ଥ‫ ߩޠ‬5 ߟߩ↢ᵴ㗔ၞߦኻߒ㧘ߤࠇ߶ߤ㊀ⷐ
ኻੱ㑐ଥ㊀ⷞ
5.33 (1.89)
5.33 (1.88)
5.06 (1.91)
4.85 (1.83)
ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ 7 ઙᴺ㧔7 = 㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߛ㧘1 = ో
ߊ㊀ⷐߢߥ޿㧕ߢ⹏ቯߒߡ߽ࠄߞߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ 5 㗔
ၞࠍ⥄ಽ⥄りߩᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ㗅ߦ࡜ࡦࠢઃߌ
Table 2 ฦ↢ᵴ㗔ၞߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦኻߔࠆ⹺⼂ߩᐔဋ୯㧔ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ㧕
ߒߡ߽ࠄߞߚ‫ޕ‬
↢ᵴ㗔ၞ㩷
⛮⛯ဳ㩷
৻ᤨ㔌⡯ဳ㩷
ㅌ⡯ဳ㩷
ᧂ⏕ቯဳ
⥄Ꮖ᭎ᔨዤᐲ 4 ࿃ሶ㧔ࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ㧘ᛥ೙㧘ࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉ
5.56 (1.25)
6.27 (0.91)
6.65 (0.49)
5.75 (1.35)
ኅᐸ㩷
ᗵᖱ㧘ኻੱ㑐ଥ㊀ⷞ㧕߆ࠄᚑࠆ 20 ߩᒻኈ⹖㗄⋡
van Hoof &
5.44 (1.16)
5.77 (0.82)
5.24 (0.66)
5.54 (1.10)
૛ᥜᵴേ䊶⿰๧
Raaijmakers, 2002ࠍ૶↪ߒ㧘ฦ㗄⋡߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲᒰߡߪ߹ࠆߩ
6.02 (0.92)
5.55 (0.86)
5.29 (1.26)
5.68 (1.02)
઀੐㩷
߆ࠍ 7 ઙᴺ㧔7 = ోߊߘ߁ߛ㧘1 = ోߊ㆑߁㧕ߢ⹏ቯߒߡ߽
4.98 (1.23)
4.71 (1.06)
3.94 (0.90)
4.46 (1.23)
⠌䈇੐䊶ീᒝ㩷
ࠄߞߚ‫ޕ‬
5.67 (1.00)
6.03 (0.96)
5.71 (0.77)
5.89 (1.03)
෹ੱ㑐ଥ㩷
⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ
152 ฬࠍ࡜ࠗࡈࠦ࡯ࠬ೎ߦಽ㘃ߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘⛮⛯ဳ 45 ฬ
ᒁ↪ᢥ₂
㧔29.6㧑㧕㧘৻ᤨ㔌⡯ဳ 62 ฬ㧔40.8㧑㧕㧘ㅌ⡯ဳ 17 ฬ㧔11.2㧑㧕㧘
van
HoofA.,
&
Raaijmakers,
Q. A. W. (2002). The spatial
ߘߒߡᧂ⏕ቯဳ߇ 28 ฬ㧔18.4㧑㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘઀੐ߣ⢒ఽߩࡃ࡜
integration
of
adolescent
identity
Its relation to age, education,
ࡦࠬߪ৻᭽ߢߪߥ޿߽ߩߩ㧘੹ᓟ߽઀੐ߦ៤ࠊߞߡ޿߈ߚ޿
2
and
subjective
well-being.
Scandinavian
Journal of Psychology,
ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆᅚᕈ߇ᄙߊߺࠄࠇߚ (x (3) = 30.68, p<.01)‫ޕ‬
43,
201-212.
⥄Ꮖ᭎ᔨߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧔Table 1㧕㧘⛮⛯ဳ߅ࠃ߮৻ᤨ㔌⡯ဳ߇
Josselson, R. (1998). Revising herself: The story of women’s
ᧂ⏕ቯဳࠃࠅ߽㜞޿ࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ (F(3, 148) = 4.26, p<.01)
identity from college to midlife. New York: Oxford University
߿ኻੱ㑐ଥ㊀ⷞ (F(3, 148) = 4.16, p<.01) ߩ୯ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬
Press.
ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ⏕┙ߒߡ޿ࠆᅚᕈߪ᦭⢻ᗵ߇㜞ߊ㧘ኻੱ
ౝ㑑ᐭ (2006). ࿖᳃↢ᵴ⊕ᦠ ␠࿅ᴺੱᤨ੐↹ႎ␠
㑐ଥࠍ㊀ⷐⷞߔࠆߣ޿߁వⴕ⎇ⓥ㧔e.g., Josselson, 1998㧕߆ࠄ㧘
㧔WATANABE Hitomi, UCHIYAMA Ichiro㧕
઀੐ߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅᣇߩ㆑޿ߢߪߥߊ㧘઀੐ߣߤߩࠃ߁ߦ㑐ࠊߞ
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