関係流動性が自尊心と主観的幸福感の関連に与える影響

⮫ᗋ䞉㞀ᐖ㻌 㻞㻱㼂㻜㻞㻣
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻞 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠅㻌
㑐ଥᵹേᕈ߇⥄ዅᔃߣਥⷰ⊛ᐘ⑔ᗵߩ㑐ㅪߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀
㧙࿖㓙㑆㧔␠ળ㑆㧕Ყセ⎇ⓥ㧙
٤૒⮮ ೰੺㧝࡮⚿ၔ 㓷᮸㧝࡮┻᧛ ᐘ␭㧝࡮Joanna Schug㧝࡮Shigehiro Oishi㧞
㧔㧝ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㧞University of Virginia㧕
Key words: ᢥൻ ␠ળ᭴ㅧ ⥄ዅᔃ 㑐ଥᵹേᕈ SWB
⋡ ⊛
ਥⷰ⊛ᐘ⑔ᗵ(Subjective Well-Being㧦એਅ SWB)߿♖␹⊛ஜ
ᐽߩⷙቯ࿃ߣߒߡ⥄Ꮖߩ⢐ቯ⊛⹏ଔߢ޽ࠆ⥄ዅᔃ(Baumeister
et al., 1996)߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⍮⷗߇Ⓧߺ㊀ߨࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ
(Diener & Diener, 1995; Leary & Baumeister, 2000)‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ㄭᐕ
ߩᢥൻᔃℂቇ⎇ⓥߪ⥄ዅᔃߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦᢥൻᏅ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ
ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬SWB ߦኻߔࠆ⥄ዅᔃߩᓇ㗀ߪ‫ޔ‬ർ☨ੱߩᣇ߇
᧲ࠕࠫࠕੱࠃࠅ߽ᒝߊ‫ߪߢࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻߿㑐ଥ
⺞๺ᕈߥߤ㑐ଥᕈ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ೑⋉߇ࠃࠅ SWB ࠍⷙቯߔࠆ
(e.g. Kwan, Bond, & Singelis, 1997; Uchida, Kitayama, Mesquita,
& Reyes, in press)‫ ߗߥޔߪߢޕ‬SWB ⷙቯ࿃ߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥᢥൻ
Ꮕ߇␜ߐࠇࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ߪ⽎⃻ߩߎޕ‬ᓥ᧪‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛⥄Ꮖⷰ
(Markus & Kitayama, 1991)ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ർ
☨ߢߪ⋧੕⁛┙⊛⥄Ꮖⷰ߇ఝ൓ߥߚ߼‫⥄ޔ‬Ꮖߩ⥄ᓞᕈ߿⁛⥄
ᕈ‫ޔ‬ଔ୯ߢ޽ࠆ⥄ዅᔃ߇㊀ⷐߦߥࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫߻ߪߢࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޔ‬
ߒࠈ⋧੕ද⺞⊛⥄Ꮖⷰ߇ఝ൓ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫⥄ޔ‬ዅᔃߪ⋧ኻ⊛ߦ
㊀ⷐⷞߐࠇߕ‫ޔ‬㑐ଥᕈ߇㊀ⷐߦߥࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫⥄ߩߎޔ‬ዅᔃߣᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߦࠃࠆSWBⷙቯ
ജߩᢥൻᏅߦኻߒߡㆡᔕ⺰⊛ⷰὐ(ጊጯ, 1998)߆ࠄߩ೎⸃㉼
ࠍ⹜ߺࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬ၔ(2006)ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ․ቯ⊛ߥⴕേ߿ᔃℂ௑ะࠍ‫ޔ‬
․ቯߩ␠ળ᭴ㅧ߿೙ᐲߩਅߢ୘ੱߦ೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ‫ޟ‬ㆡᔕᚢ
⇛‫┙ࠆ߃ᝒߡߒߣޠ‬႐(ጊጯ, 1998)ߦ┙⣉ߒ‫⥄ޔ‬ዅᔃߩᣣ☨Ꮕ
ߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળⅣႺߩ㐿᡼ᕈ߆ࠄ↢ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆ㑐ଥᵹേᕈߩᏅߦࠃ
ߞߡ⺑᣿߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㑐ଥᵹേᕈߣߪ‫␠ࠆ޽ޔ‬
ળ‫␠ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ળ⁁ᴫߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡᣂߒ޿ኻੱ㑐
ଥࠍᒻᚑߢ߈ࠆᯏળߩᄙߐߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞㑐ଥᵹേᕈ␠ળ
ߪ‫߇ޘੱޔ‬㑐ଥߩ⚵ߺ឵߃ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬࠍᄙߊᜬߟ‫ޟ߫ࠊ޿ޔ‬ኻ
ੱ㑐ଥߩ⥄↱Ꮢ႐‫⋧޿ߒ߹ᦸߪߢߎߘޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ᚻࠍㆬᛯߔ
ࠆߎߣߛߌߢߥߊ‫ઁޔ‬⠪߆ࠄᦸ
ᦸ߹ߒ޿⋧ᚻߣߒߡㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ
ߎߣ߽߹ߚ㊀ⷐߦߥࠆ‫⥄ޕ‬Ꮖߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔߢ޽
ࠆ⥄ዅᔃ(Leary & Baumeister, 2000)ߪ‫ઁޔߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬⠪ߦㆬ
ᛯߐࠇߥ޿ߣࠃࠅ⦟޿ኻੱ㑐ଥ߇ᒻᚑߢ߈ߥ޿㜞ᵹേᕈ␠ળ
ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⋧ߚߒ࠴࡯ࡠࡊࠕޔ‬ᚻ߆ࠄฃ
ฃߌ౉ࠇߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ߆ߤ
߁߆ߩ੍᷹ࠍឭଏߔࠆ‫⥄ߒ߽ޕ‬りࠍᦸ߹ߒߊߥ޿ሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠆ
ߣ⹺⍮ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥ㑐ଥᒻᚑߩᯏળ߇޽ࠆ␠ળߦ޽ߞ
ߡ߽‫ઁ޿ߒ߹ᦸޔ‬⠪߆ࠄࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߣߒߡㆬᛯߒߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ
ߣ޿߁੍ᦼ߇㜞߹ࠄߥ޿‫ߩੱޔ߇ߣߎߩߎޕ‬዁᧪ߩ␠ળ⊛ᚑ
ഞߩ⷗ㄟߺࠍਅߍ‫ޔ‬SWBߩᷫዋߦ❬߇ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
৻ᣇߢ‫ߦࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޔ‬ઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆૐ㑐ଥᵹേᕈ␠ળߪ‫ࡒࠦޔ‬
࠶࠻ࡔࡦ࠻㑐ଥࠍᒻᚑߒߡ߅ࠅ‫⷗ޔ‬⍮ࠄߧઁ⠪ߣ಴ળ߁ᯏળ
ߪዋߥ޿‫ޔߪߢߎߘޕ‬୘ੱߩ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߦᔕߓߚኻੱ㑐
ଥߩ⚵ߺᦧ߃߇⿠ߎࠅߦߊ޿ߚ߼‫⥄ޔ‬Ꮖߩ␠ળ⊛⹏ଔߩਥⷰ
⊛ᜰᮡߢ޽ࠆ⥄ዅᔃߪ⋧ኻ⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߢߪߥ޿‫ޔߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬
޿ࠊ߫‫ޟ‬ኻੱ㑐ଥߩ♽೉ขᒁᏒ႐‫⃻ޔߪߢޠ‬࿷ߩ㑐ଥߩ⦟ᅢ
ߐߩ෻ᤋߢ޽ࠆᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻߇ SWB ࠍⷙቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᣇ ᴺ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ዅᔃ/ᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߩ SWB ߳ߩⷙቯജߩ
ᢥൻᏅ߇㑐ଥᵹേᕈߩᏅ⇣ߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿น⢻ߛߣߩ઒⺑ࠍ‫ޔ‬
ᣣ☨㑆Ყセ⎇ⓥߦࠃࠅᬌ⸽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㑐ଥᵹേᕈߩ᷹ቯߦߪ‫ޔ‬㑐
ଥᵹേᕈዤᐲ(Yuki et al., 2007)ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ዤᐲߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ
߇ߤࠇߛߌ㑐ଥᵹേ⊛߆ߢߪߥߊ‫ߢ߹ߊ޽ޔ‬୘ੱࠍขࠅᏎߊ
๟࿐ߩੱ‫ߌߛࠇߤ߇ޘ‬ᵹേ⊛߆ߩ⹺⍮ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆዤᐲߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
੍᷹㧦
(1)㑐ଥᵹേᕈߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄࠃࠅ߽☨࿖ߢ㜞޿‫ޕ‬
(2)⥄ዅᔃߩ SWB ⷙቯജߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄࠃࠅ߽☨࿖ߢᒝ޿‫ޕ‬
(3)ᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߩ SWB ⷙቯജߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ࠃࠅ߽ᣣᧄߢᒝ޿‫ޕ‬
(4)(2)(3)ߩ࿖㑆Ꮕࠍ㑐ଥᵹേᕈ߇ᇦ੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
⺞ᩏኻ⽎⠪㧦☨࿖⊕ੱᄢቇ↢(n = 88)‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄੱᄢቇ↢(n = 105)
⾰ ໧ ⚕ 㧦 㑐 ଥ ᵹ േ ᕈ ዤ ᐲ 12 㗄 ⋡ (Yuki et al., 2007)( ǩ
= .91(☨), .75 (ᣣ))‫↢ੱޔ‬ḩ⿷ᗵዤᐲ 5 㗄⋡(Diener & Diener,
1985) (ǩ= .95(☨), .87 (ᣣ))‫⥄ޔ‬ዅᔃዤᐲ 10 㗄⋡(Rosenberg,
1965) (ǩ= .93(☨), .95 (ᣣ))‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ዤᐲ 16 㗄⋡
(Sarasson et al., 1987)(ǩ= .84(☨), .81 (ᣣ))
⚿ ᨐ
⚿ᨐߪ੍᷹ࠍᡰᜬߒߚ‫ޕ‬㑐ଥᵹേᕈ‫⥄ޔ‬ዅᔃ‫↢ੱޔ‬ḩ⿷ᗵ
ߪᣣᧄࠃࠅ߽☨࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ㜞߆ߞߚ(ts = 6.55, 9.26, 3.45; ps
< .001) 1 ‫ޕ‬వⴕ⎇ⓥ(Uchida et al., in press)ߣห᭽ߦ‫⥄ޔ‬ዅᔃߩ
SWB߳ߩᓇ㗀ߪᣣᧄࠃࠅ☨࿖ߢᒝߊ(b = .69, p < .001; b = .45,
p < .001)‫ޔ‬ᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߩᓇ㗀ߪ☨࿖ࠃࠅᣣᧄߢᒝ߆ߞߚ(b
= .07, ns; b = .54, p < .001) (see Fig.1)‫⥄ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ዅᔃ߅ࠃ߮ᖱ
✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߩSWB߳ߩᓇ㗀ߩ࿖㑆Ꮕߪ‫ޔ‬㑐ଥᵹേᕈߩ࿖㑆
Ꮕߦࠃߞߡᇦ੺ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ(see Table.1) 2 ‫ޕ‬
Table.1 㑐ଥᵹേᕈߩᇦ੺ലᨐߩᬌ⸽
㪇㪅㪏
㪇㪅㪎
㪇㪅㪍
⥄ዅᔃ㩷
㪇㪅㪌
㪇㪅㪋
㪇㪅㪊
㪇㪅㪉
ᖱ✜⊛䉰䊘䊷䊃㩷
㪇㪅㪈
㪇
㪬㪪
㪡㪧
US
JP
Fig.1 ࿖೎ SWB ⷙቯജ(㕖ᮡḰൻ b)
DV=ੱ↢ḩ⿷ᗵ
⥄ዅᔃ㩷
ᖱ✜⊛䉰䊘䊷䊃㩷
࿖(US=0,JP=1)㩷
⥄ዅᔃ×࿖㩷
䉰䊘䊷䊃×࿖㩷
㑐ଥᵹേᕈ㩷
⥄ዅᔃ×ᵹേᕈ㩷
ᖱ✜䉰䊘×ᵹേᕈ㩷
R䋲
Before
.69
***
.08
.28
*
-.24
†
.44
**
ʊ
ʊ
ʊ
.43
***
After
.66
***
.15
.45
**
-.19
-.27
㩷
.10
.20
**
-.40
***
.49
***
⠨ ኤ
੍᷹ߦ৻⽾ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㑐ଥᵹേᕈߪ☨࿖߇ᣣᧄࠃࠅ߽㜞ߊ‫ޔ‬వ
ⴕ⎇ⓥߣห᭽ߩ⥄ዅᔃ߅ࠃ߮ᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߩ SWB ⷙቯജ
ߩ࿖㑆Ꮕ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬࿖㑆Ꮕࠍ㑐ଥᵹേᕈ
߇ᇦ੺ߔࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫⥄ޕ‬ዅᔃ߅ࠃ߮ᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߩ
SWB ⷙቯജߩ‫ޟ‬ᢥൻᏅ‫ޔߪޠ‬㑐ଥᵹേᕈߩ‫␠ޟ‬ળ㑆‫ߩޠ‬Ꮕߦ
ࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆߣߔࠆ⚿ၔ(2006)ߩ઒⺑߇ᡰᜬߐࠇߚ‫ᧄޕ‬
⎇ⓥߩᗧ⟵ߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળ᭴ㅧⷐ࿃ߦࠃࠆ SWB ⷙቯ࿃ߩ⺑᣿ߣߣ
߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ኻੱ㑐ଥᒻᚑ႐㕙ߦ߅޿ߡᚑഞ੍᷹ࠍឭଏߔࠆߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬
⥄ዅᔃߩ‫ޟ‬ㅢᢥൻ⊛‫ߥޠ‬ᯏ⢻ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ޿ࠆὐߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
߹ߚᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⍮⷗ߪ‫ޔ‬SWB ߩߺߥࠄߕ♖␹⊛ஜᐽߩ⛽ᜬ߿੺
౉ߥߤ߳ឭ⸒ߩน⢻ᕈ߽␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ‫␠ޕ‬ળ᭴ㅧⷐ࿃ߦᵈ⋡
ߒߚ♖␹⊛ஜᐽߦኻߔࠆࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߪ‫⥃ޔ‬ᐥᔃℂቇߩߺߥࠄ
ߕ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕ⊒ዷࠍㆀߍߡ޿ࠆ⥃ᐥ␠ળᔃℂቇ(Kowalski & Leary,
2004; ဈᧄࠄ, 2007) ߦ߽⽸₂߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᒁ↪ᢥ₂
ٟBaumeister et al.(1996) Psychological Review.䂹Diener, & Diener. (1995) JPSP.䂹Kwan et al.
(1997) JPSP. 䂹Kowalski, & Leary.(2004)The Interface of Social and Clinical Psychology.䂹Leary
& Baumeister. (2000) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 32.䂹Markus & Kitayama.
(1991) Psychological Review.䂹ဈᧄ⌀჻࡮ਤ㊁⟵ᒾ࡮቟⮮ᷡᔒ✬.(2007) ⥃ᐥ␠ળᔃℂቇ.
䂹Uchida et al. (in press) PSPB. .䂹ጊጯବ↵.(1998) ା㗬ߩ᭴ㅧ䂹Yuki et al. (2007) CERSS,
Working Paper Series No. 75. Hokkaido University. 䂹⚿ၔ㓷᮸.(2006) ᣣᧄ␠ળᔃℂቇળ╙47
࿁ᄢળࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ, ᣈ㧦᧲ർᄢቇ
1
ᖱ✜⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߪ᦭ᗧᏅߥߒ(US : M = 4.71, SD = .65; JP : M = 4.53, SD = .85)‫ޕ‬
2
㸫382㸫
⴫ਛߩ୯ߪ‫ޔ‬㕖ᮡḰൻ✬࿁Ꮻଥᢙ(b)‫ߚ߹ޔ‬㑐ଥᵹേᕈߪㅪ⛯ᄌ㊂ߣߒߡᛩ౉‫ޕ‬