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、}ー( 1 2 ) Lvaι 。( F -FU I ) Jt 、,t ,l A句J i -- ) t U J l …-
STREAM WEIGHT OPTI恥lIZATION OF SPEECH A ND LIP 1恥1AGE SEQUENCE FOR AUDIO-VISUAL SPEECH RECOGNITION 五'日tO:ihi l\'ιkiL1n'/lra1 Hi.de!.οs!t., 11ゲ J(iyりhi7'O Slú/.;比no-': 1 ATI1 SPOkC 1 La11gllnge Tmllslation [{esc8 rch し はbora t ories 1 2-2-:2, H ik込ridni , Seikn- ch o , Sorakll-区1111, r(�,()("o (jH)-0288, .Japal1 2Gmclllはte School üf Inl"ornmtioll Sciellce, \'ara Instilllle o!討ιiCllむUは11仁11',巴ChllOlogy 8!)l(j司5, Talmymna-cho, [kollla-凶hi. :'inra, (j3ú-OlOl噌.JAPAN } 、 ー 1 2 ) Lv aι 。 F FU I Jt 、, t , l A句 J i ) t U J l E- lll 孔il : 11礼ka mU l・孔 (ú:sl i .il (1 .l'o.j P 印lrly imcI;ral.ion �元:hcmeじ<111 u(, describ巴d as follows, ABSTRACT \\'h巴re the O llt P l l t probability i尽ubtan巴く1 by prodllc t 01' Olit pllt prolmbilites 01' audio anc ! vislIal slre孔IIIS. Thi::; papcr aclclre凶ses a llovcl llIetJlOd which opLilllizcs叫lむは1lI \VcighLS J '@l!$I: A叫ん()!:I;' : ( Hiv! i\ 1-1川市川 比lldio- visllal spce仁h reco民nitio11 i討OIW prulllisill誌はpplυ<lch - i討 presenL. Th巳c�arly i11 ll'民r at l Ol I :,trはtl:'目、1'01 ( ((l.1十川 = been sho w lI to vielcl betler reco日Iiiliül' j)l'r1"0I'l1 IHllct' th川} purel、 aむOllStIc SyS tL' IIiS . csp日ciall、 whcli bはιk民rolllid l10Îsι、 ) - ßilliOdal SPC,(dl reco 民lli tio n svsl点111凡 with thlゐ U討巴 けl' vト Sll 九i inful'IlIiJ.tÎOII t,Q訓Ipplc�lllellt礼c(J'lstic i11!Ol'l'l孔Liüll. hav(・ \'i.';{wl) w h <・1'(' U(ol) , UA (υ;\), illldiJdυ; ) ë.l.JむOlltpllt. pl'Obabilil.附 はl till\e 1. Jor Hlldiu-vi引wJ.礼lIc1io, allcl vi凶u札|凶treallls. I'e , sp c・じ tivcl,v. Iti\ 川\d (Y\' aI 日 :;tI'CUIII WCI只ht:、 I'or alldio visuill SLl 的 IIlIS. r<国pc叱t.ively a nd A-.; 孔Illcthud for est i ll lntillg strealll weiglItお ー the Illax・ so as to 1lI乱XiIlli7.C rcむognition perl'Ol'lllallCe, The proposed illllllll lik(�lih()(叫'1) b州!d 11川hod or lIIethod estimates the strcai1l IVcights ba討ed 01 1 a n0I'1I1<11噂 I lwthod ÌI札Vい l.)(!ell pl'lJj)os(,d. tl同GPDf5] b,凶刊l How府vel・. due fìl・は III昨thod ized 1 0陪likelihoou whiclt is deriv日cl uy ratio 01' likd il lO od h孔忌II serio u s c!sti III比tion proulem lmd tlw latter rn日thod ha.s of aじorrect worcl al lcl hi民llest likclihüüd 01' illcorre<.:t words, aじrllCÎai ].J ro bi elll sllch that III込lly adaptatioll clat品is Ileじes Tlte isolatccl worcl recognitioll 巴xp巴rilllelit r csll.J ts show that sary for the weil!;I1t. esti ll l比 t iO ll. [1I orc[日r to cop'" with th(出e the auclio-visual討peeclt recog11itioll by propoぉecl methocl probleI1ls, we pl'Oposccl a Il巳w weight estimatioll lllethod lISillg only a few adaptation data. Th巴isolated word exper・ attainδ56.:2 % (10 clß), 55.2 % (Oclß) alld 1;',2 % (20clß) better performance COlllpUI巴ι1 to that ollly lIsing audio in inl日nt.s show thaL thc proposecl weighl estimatiol1 imprüvt's fOl' llw.tion. Tlle reslIlts nlso show the proposecl method <川n reclllce a llllmuer of aclaptatioll、vords the 1・巴cogliitiOIl pcr['ornmllce ill low SNR ellvirυll111ents and reclllces tn巴!lulllbcr of礼dapt:品tio!l words, 2. 1. I恥1AGE SEQUENCE Speec!t recognitioll pcrfol'lnallじ日 h,出 bcell clra:叫icully illl prov(!cl rcじ巴ntly. INTEGRATION EFFECTS OF USING LIP INTRODUCTION !-lIJW口ver, il is 孔l討o well-kno\V1l tlmt t.hι‘ perforlllUllce will be seriou,;ly clegr乱cled if thc凶y叫elll is l'X Thc b i llloιl 川 sp ecch recogllition Iws a po討sibility to illl " rlllance iIlC()I' prove (;OllvcllLion叫1 Sp l'(.ch recogllitiol\ perlo plll正lting vislIul lip ill to l' llmtion . The spe刊�h recognitioll ト111111九日行 p出y nt t c ll L iull Ilot 100' nclverse environlllellts, Th�、lip 1百aclillg is tht、extrClill' t礼町 T さ:. 80 ! posecl in Ilois,\i envirolllnellts. only to speak巴15 " speech bllt alsu to 凶peaker's 1lI01lth ill slIch if it. is i rn p ossible to get凡IlV alldio 沿igllaJ. This以199c.:�sls 孔fact. that spel�ιh 1 日c og n ition c品11 Ill' illlp roV(:d iJ.v inむ01' porat.ing 11l01lth illIages, Thi行kincl ul' bi-lIwdal inll!巴rutIoll is avail乱ble ill al1110st eVl. ry situutioll, ìl 'l ally st,uclies IwV<' been presentcd relnted to illlprovclnellts 01' spcech recυ且11卜 tioll by lip illlages[l)[2][3], For instullcc, the recognition孔じClll1lCy 1'0 1 ・ voiced 仁 0 11忌0 - M川s /b/,/cl/,/g/ωn be il1lprovccl by incorpomti刊lip illtagむinformation, sinc日lip closlIre for bilabinl phon巴mes ーウ C leal、 一 三日�.- '二一叫ご30 c:j B ffCEh--\ \ ! i i Q) .;: 柿 /.' .' /. sr -:_.ノ:.. I , .--_ , _, 10dB J叫0. 0 As <ln auclio幽visllal integrntion lllethod I'or speech recog ) ( visual 。円Iy I nitioll, an 巴日rly int日gration lllethod is well-knowll, wlwre the Olltpllt probnbility is obt自IIcd by prodllcL 01' Olltpllt probnbilites 01" allclio allcl vislIal5treallls , [n the early int�・ '..1' • 1 ,!i";多 _.. ・、ヘ、 、 _ 10dB I 否 60 !þ �←{・ ー~ー. _ 、 E T -、-、一 、\ ; B ", ',. .... . .. Od :a pI 、、 -. , 、 40 I \、 | ll 骨四clean 、、. 、 、 ll L 30dB ・、 " ‘1 20 r - 20CíB 可 こ I is relatively ensy to clωcril1linatc lIsing im叫e illfol'lllation, 20dB �…--. 竺8 { 0.2 0.4 」 0.6 weightFA 、、、 i 0,8 J 1,0 二 .、・ 、」. 川 口)I (, aonly Figure 1. Effects of stream weights in bi!l10dal� speech recognition gr礼tion 以:hellle, it仁川1 be fllrther possible to illlprove the recognitiOIl pel・fOl'luance by optimizing str巴am weigltls fOl the Olltpllt probabilitics of allclio allcl visllnl sll'巴山lns, The 20 275 (' 1 ι OllS札当孔li(口.三<1川lけIlv 110i 討V 1 1、\'lro山 )ll卜也汁II川I1川('(' 1お {什l 【ドふi広仰と引I 白川d�町d il】II ;.山< IJIド川.寸1'1 り 1'1日川11.1 I 、W叶、V什dll'ω山、1引iれ〈川 vis剖州川1I山Ii川 l日川111'01'11川 ド 1川Ii 11μ《ド什川川‘可引1 1 l f' 1川I1Itけ)r111alioll iLse i� illぉllllicil'llL 10 iJlIild speech rl'仁U以11il.io11 行illCl' iL:; 1ρ)11011悶巴tiじ ιdi:;【仁:1'11川l日川11i11HLive 1ρ〉じωrf'oω)1'1川l日l日 11ιC<ド‘ l凶 :;0 川 �I 1'111 : IVIWrt, L(ι)!JlJu,.",.,.,.,.,) Hlld L(ο!,�1 "".", )乱1'< -' k\g lik(:Iiltooc! li)1 川1 nclapl.ntioll \\'()J'(I 1.0 tlte <':01'1 ρr:1 、\'01'<1 hypULItりメi日 正lll<.l Livel y . j-'NJ: is 111(' iIIιりrreじ1, Wリr<J IlYI 川tiw:、1::-;・ J'(-',;PI"." Jelincd :30 HS LO indiじ はしピ ci日討じrilllillHtioll P'け》礼川t jJP-rrol'lll札口仁日、、,,11m巴乱おυclunl 1・巴c ogni ti ull il(:CIlI'i.IC:V rl o 円ミ nOL ‘ けj' 什ν ,、可い川l じ什11礼ι ピ 1111川1 < I,'i山 Il'l' 1昔hows t.Jll' <.'xpυl'illll'l1L l'esllll.S o!'づいe<llwr c!('IJ<èll "い111 ILl(J \\,()r<1汚billlodal isu i 九I l'c J 1I'0rd reC Uþ(lli t iO l l ÌJ<lSじd U11 \ V() rd I'<�C,)且1111'1011 aCC:llrH<':�.' allιi II()l'lll<lJi�æd I()jよーìikelihonJ ill 11"・'_'<lI'I.v i11 I . ,_'gl パ t.i O ll . TI"'('lll'\中S (I}"{'り|パ汁111刊11刊('h<ll1は111品 川戸1 1','<1111 \\'('il!:tll lór illl<liυi"j'()l'1l1<1liull. IJ1'<lk"りf' 1'1吋リglliljい1 1 I 、 1;11.'、 ;\1'(' )1)�I'rvド11 111 11ドllV"1'11 ill"iiu-,"Il、 fllHì vÎ州1,!i-<lll I ‘川lciili<ll1メill "hlll.'''1 lll;UllS1.i(' メぶ j{ Cl1、iI'U1111l<'I11S. 'l'1Il'引b " "'''' illdil'al日11' ",いIr(,c:l,S 01' ilIl'ol'lllil1.io11 i 1 1l. < ' g l< l1 .iOll ()I' dij'1 ' 川I1 1.\'1)1" ,,1' 1.1I" i11I'Ol'lI川1.l0ll . 1"1 J'ltí,.; 1川1)l�1' <lcÌ1 < I行計刷出 rhド pl'< l b ic'l 1 1 ilOW I,() けJll 11111日む 、11"り1111 lI' eigh lぷ fol' ;Iudiu は11ιi Vi S ll凡1 sl.n:Hl11メIISIII民" jοW 仁111111民'". ., 、,・ 3.2. Estilllutioll Pl'OC官dure ,,1民orit.llIll is 叫11 11 1ll il ri ;l,c d a.� f'()llolV比 J. I'repare adはj)LIlLion lVorcl凶 il1 い出LllIg ell V lronll l巴II L:3 ,llId r"cugllit.iull c1i('tiollary used ill ,Iclapti<tioll. This <lct山lト LはliulI di c L Î olIHl'y illclucles ad n pL aLiu ll words. Thl' 1.1"1' 1'<百円ill!.i()1I !úr cs1,Ìllwl,i,川 コ H(�cり日Ill;l,(‘ 'l 'hiメpuper proposesはl1P\v IIll'llIod which tril'!:3 LO向。Ive llIl' ( V,le i gh t s !,'i民.J 吋IIOIV対 LlIe 日中l以hl sl'iln::h j)1りι日討S ill Lhe a lgoriLllll1 ' '1'11<' II'l'i民"1討 孔1'(' t il'cI f'or all phonellle凶 はIIcI叫孔ll's. 'J IH' lal 且erδize of' Lhe uci<Ij)Li1Liυ11 clictiol1nry gives tlt� bct.- PROPOSED METHOD j!J' )IJkllI S lIol,('d ill ! hl' plれV10llS S<,じ1 iOll. '1'11(' ('xjJ,�ril1l(�lIt日行holV reIa.tioll叶l ship IWIλV"<�II I,!l<, (\ li.1t.(lr :-;l'CLlOII ;'llïIJl tllÎon dal凡f'roll1 Lltn lc討(. CIlVil'UlllllClll討 Lh,� 白d凶ptati(JIl The 111<:,llH>d C片 IIsi n g ::; kinds けl I-11V' J\'J t.rallsilioll prob words SII'0.<llll W日ighLS shown in Fig.3. :d川liti(,s孔Ild outpu!, probabilitie日凡rc� eぉ(;illl乱tcd l.Ising 111l1;1l.ピs l.h日stl巴山111 wei仏ht持討o ;IS LO 111はXlllllZe n�co民 ll1tlü n じleall凶peech. 川l'Uf(1ιy. 'J'hドesLilllatioll i討仁孔l'l' ied Oll t. b'y凶刊Irchil1g ileLLel :3. Sek'cl one of' it Jower or high巴r haJf of th巴 targeL wei ght いpl.illl<d SLre山111 weighls, LiIe illCl 山目。of' 111<' \Vol'd 以cl l rHcy '1. Scl tll<' lI'eighl. rcgioll sele仁tecl in pr eviolls step. Th巴Il ill'lλ1.(' f'rolll step '2. Stup itel ιt io ll w hell Lhe \V引igh l . \\'C'i広ht.s it.er,ltively i11 twü rl'gioll討 J-1o\\'口、中l', SlIlじ巴Lhl' wOl'd aCl"lIrUじy <lO(':311'L IIa\'(:' gOüd 1 むsol t lsiol1 ello11gh I'ur lilldillg IIsually ;;(.opぶill olll.v a j刊v il.<.'ml.iollS. Thc plり(J(肘('d al g<ll'it.illll 1I町、持品 川(ll'lllit!iíl巴d lilwlihood i11討Lenc ! りl' l i 1ド \ vl)l'cl 山'Cll1'i:.lじ.v. Tlllè jlropり出て1 nlgol'iLlllll 111;.I.V hドll1<)ll)!;ltI'. ilS <>11ρ ki11d 1)1' ;1 j)j)mx il ll n L i ,川 口 l ' I.hド1l1illil111l111 <:1日出ili(',lii<J1lド1')'01 {判1 111 川 L i üll . () 3.1. ( 1'<:'giOll LW<:<lIIICS sl1 w l l er tlll1ll 0.05. 4. 4,1. 'j‘IIl' lVurcl ‘ I.CC llrnc y IS 1101品uud 1l1l',ISUre I.u l'刈1111,lll'討しremll \\ ' C:,igh t札 凶ill n' Lhl' e,.,LillwLioli札口J> 討Lùl肘ill i< k'\\' iLじra :1り11S hec孔llS(-' of 1,ICk uf rcsolllliull. Thl'i'<.'lúl'<' ill 111iぉJl,IJl日l \VC! lIS引 Lhe l10nnnliz巴ιIlü民ーlik('lihou<l 1'01' vs l il 11al ill見 メlj"(_-)illll \lol'llInli日日d 10 民ー likぜli i I uud . Î'NTi\Uif\/υ"川" ,/) is 正!eli11ed 品討10110日ι Audio-visual speech database the c!;tl.ubnsc lls(!cI i11 LlIi自 叫llcly. Video recol'di11g is pcrl'onllecl al白話O\lncl-pl・oof' rOOlll ( alld liglIlill民 is sl 'l 1'1'0111 Lhp f'rol l . . Tlle h巳以1 is not lixed bll! lh<'討1>' '山kθl' IS }'('�qll円日t("cI (U a! I.ach h日l' l川じk lü tlw封印Il目 \Iol'l"uv('r. LIIl' SI凡.'akcl' i" alsn I'eqllι、LPd 1,0 CI05(' a 111011Lh belúl'(' <111ι|はf'll.'r lltl<.'nl11<:e. \,\o'e υbSt'rvecl tlI(' diffel'encl' 01 liglI!illg ('ullclitiullS. 日i;l,(' りf lip凡 und illclilllÜioll けf ;.1 rfJC(� ドvcry II (.L<èl'a1ICe worcb. 出nce Lhp vid削) 1 削正)rding w込日む01ト ducLed ov"r L\\'O ur 111リ1'(:' dav:;. LNlI(UlfIJ叫川r,;,". ) (2) second third word word 。 4.2. Pl'epro(;essing 八伝活Lated pn'viollsly‘we ob日el'ved tl1(' CI i n臼I巴nce inliglll.ing COllclitiollS ancl illcJ illatiりn of砧facf' in r.ltp I'ec;onled vid"<,1 STEP1 I I STEP2 I I 1 1 • • • • • og-!ikelihooc ' , )( 1 lo g-li keli hood ú --- 附mal ized 1叶l州陶d Figul'e 2. NOl・mal'Ïzed =ー(X1・X2)/X1 log-likelihood of visual infol'l1latioll O D EBt 可 5 7 ・E EE O L(OIλfw…,.,.,./ )ー:川Xu・i"""",' L(():.�J凶…",.,.,.,./. ) L(OiM叫川,.,.,./ ) correct word EXPERIMENT OF STREAM WEIGHT ESTIMATION '1、'able 1 SllOWS I.he :甘い'!.cilicaLion 01' NO l ' l�lUlized log-likelihood U旬、ights. re広1011仁Olllpa.n11民the nonnalizel c l og-likelihoo ds I'JりW付v<;r. 1Il<' plりp sed l11dhuc! Cilll ! ' ('(I ll じ ... é.l 11 l ll11 I>l.�r uf' aclap!al iOll cì,lla 276 U ",.", STEP3 1 1 111 1 STEP4 11111 1 1 1 1I 1 STEP5 Figul'e 3. Algol'ithm for weight estimation Table 1. Audio-visual dntabase 討GI Illovi<> File fOl'lllat Speaker Utt日rances Auclio ATlt ,'i2,Jυ.Jnp凡nesμword�ミ s<llnplillg: [Gbit, 48 1ん[-1 z) sal\l plillg 川町: :W "izc: ViSll山l j Oné fenlalr' speak日i l(j()x I:.w lJ 川111ω/“c) } ,.--l .. .. / 22足立'Jよrd i! ; 001 .. 十 ム..... /� ぷ山 , i . ... JJ i-/ ii e l::..�:_�__ __._._._�_ �= ' ::!JJ ι01ωr qu孔1 iLy :討bit ItCl::l d 戸口,.raCl I wor s (1.002 <SNH. 20cJB> } , 〉 ー t品) Figure 4. Prepr o cess ing (a) Ol'ig i 山tl change (c) Normalized lip positiol1. illlages. 0001 1(:) r 戸1 もo 0.002 1'hcn the imag巴討 ulο prcpl・oc巳吉国ccl by llisLu民1・孔m ; T 0.2 4 0.4 r 0.0015 í Fi民'I(a), (b), ancl (C)礼re a recordccl originul illHl仰・a lliぉlognllll ooos: norlllalizecl illlage allcl比lip pùsitioll Illl1'111はliz巴d illlage, rc spectiv巴Iy. 円00051 Experimental cOlldition ExperimClH COllditi()ll"; 礼l ド sh()\VII ill ']';.1>1<・2. f ぷmrzru惇B| 。。。υ5 1 (b) H is tog ram nOl'lnalizaLiol1 and the lip posiLioll lIorl\lalizatiυ11 bωecl 011 4.3. 112 U.0015 pattel'll lIlatchin尽Witll a (:0111111011 kcy 1't<lIl1e. '" 0.0 hJI' l'uch � ì ............/ nonno“%od � log-l�kOlltlOOd 0.4 0.8 {CS';i':�Iê)lO) 1 0.6 wcightl 0.2 0.002 nlOclnliLv tll<' unsiじ coelliciC'IILS al lt J I:hl'正k、1L凡じりじlliciellLメ SillCC n I'rallte ratc o[孔vicleu illl<Il.!C:' "1,, Hlld Lhcll Lhe 白 is :lU rntio ol'thC' I'ralllc、mte is is l:tl. Wl' illscrL(�c1 tliC' [(>111出\llIe llllages so <出 to 語)'lIchrulliシぽ Lhe I'uce illlHgl' I'rHlIH首 raLl' Lo 1.0 ρo,.roct words <SNH: Od白〉 an� collccLivdy Illl'l'gCrl illLo 011('ぉtl'!'alll 0.00噌子宮 Jlu,nbor o( c;orroCl \Nord け00市P the audio speech rrallle raLc. Then, Lhe il1mge凶 al'C 孔nalyzl'cl uy :2-clilllensioll叫l卜卜 ‘ "1' to extmct (jxG 5 log pùlV日r 2-D specLrull1 l'or billlod孔1 Sp('('ch recognition. もω L2 Jdl.: (cll)\\'IIS<l111 pl以1) 出lI<1io adnplntiull clεILa 1.0 Figlll'!' 5 shows tll!' llUlllb(�1 りl' corl'!�ct worcls ullcl出UIll ()f tll!' 1101・IIlaliZl'tJ log-likelihood, LNH,正:hallging stl'eUnl weighω :J: Lip I川討itioll IIUI'II11I1 iγ:,ILion i[: :2DートTT 12SGx2;,ü) i九Il(1I11(�l.cr: luヰpll\\ ('1' �p刊:1:1' 1I1ll :�:-I urd川 Tム,)二 Uはillillg d川日 lJ.U 4.4. :2: Ilisl.ugla ・ lll IlOl'lllHlizalioll II 1\ 11\1 {)A 0.6 wOlgt1tf fralll(, lell以11: :32 m'=ÌC( 1: i {.C Ls "* �5(Ì grayscal<' 仁Jistl'il川Lloll 0.2 fmllle sliilL:肘'//1."c; (目 pl'e elllphnsi,,: [- u!曽Îz一品 巴xL!'itCL: 1\1 FCI ; lli、!!!込lfi" ! visual (nSllnl,'llU� F igure 5. WOl'd l'ecogll itio ll rates and normalized log- li ke li hood fOl' stl'eam weights Tnble 2. Experim.entnl condition. 出ullpling I'al.c: 10 Cilllssi,1I1: :1 �lixllll'l' 55 pIlUIIl.!Ili!アniUdl'1 lì,1り\\.υ1'<1 lG\\'ur<ls(日NIl!ロ10, :.W. 10. () < 1 13) Estimation results to thοad礼ptatioll dilta sれt (IG words ) in <!(,Oll自ticall,v noisv CIIVir()llIliC.HII対Sll(目h <出孔udiu SNll討乱I'l� :JOdB.三OclB. [()dl1. and Ocll3. (;(�llC�l・孔Ily む11<・ peak 01' th(., recognil;ioll mL(� difl'P.l判 I.",I:W('('II adnptati\)1I word持Hllcl l出till広wOl'ds. Tlw IllOro udapLill,1<11I \Vol'd討、V,白llS';. L1H '.' lllon"畦l!lltel'll 1 di<' st.n!<llll山(,. �iμhh al'l'. ulId till' 1I101'l'じ()lIlj)utatiulI is Iw"d(�d. 111 1:1,いむX[Wrilllじ111'; Jf> \\'orcls仁II!肘川1 ut l'illldOIll ft け111 t.estill�川lviroll11Wllls al''' ItsctJ 1'01' LII('吋l.illtuliotl I'ïg・ろalsu討ho\Vs that thl' lIol'lllalized log-likelillOod alld, Lhl' IVOIι1 l'l・じU民tliLiotl rat.cs has peaks al th(' s<L1l1l' st.1'l引111 wσigllls.日1Ic1 1.11a1. thl、11りrnmlized 10ピーlikclillllOd民i、中メ[iu('r 今勺 277 38 2 P i -- 2 9一郎 6 ァ し. l 一 一 一' 一 ? --0 2 一3一山 8 5・ a r・ 刊 『i喧 , ‘-一CM J 一 2 一口 8・ ・7 9 9 0 Furlhel"lllore, wc an' goill広t.o t.ry to in ves tiga tc lIoise rohusl techiques likc sp(!ctntl日1btrm:l.iOll H� p1円proc.:esメilll-( ・ . e for Hl1c1io illforl ll aL, i o ll, illJ1l1ゼlIC("':; frolll vis ll HI llui討仏 alld ' - a U 1 an s 仁Oll l par iso ll with tlH' GPD 1l1l'thods. E 6・ - ・ - 0 2・ 7一 - 3 2 1 一一 一 い …一 一 ・ へメH"" ! S.へVSP・%!�)p!者Hil. -171 ! $lDり(i!社 m hH :2. l・11'(' � I c�ier!$ 削 7. Results lコ.\'ll<llllic Sp巳ech Fc!ut ures for CDHì'vlM Speeιh H.eじυg・ nitioll" ! $ICASSP'97! �)p!も1267-1 :270! $1997!も 5. Gernsi1llos Potalllin.lIos PotaJuinnos! SIはns Peter G raf!$ ・'j)isιrilllinative T、milling of 1-l]\I M Stren.lll Expollents for 八uclio-visual Speech H.日c;ogllition" ! $ICASSP'9尺!$ Pp!お7::S�h3 7:W !$1 !)D氏!も I l ö. :I'I .C.H.ahilll品llcl ß.-H.Ju抗日比 ‘'Sigllal bias rellloval by 11IilXillllllll likel ih o o cl estillwtioll for robl.lst. tclephulle :;1川氏h rc�CllgllitioJl". lEJ::E Tmns. on 81リ閉じ:h cmd .4'u dÙJ P7'occ,;;sing, Vol. .!j、�(). J. pp. HJ・J(J. HJ!)ü. clean 30 01' bimodal speech recogllitioll fur c1ett'r111illillg the strcnlll \V♂igbl芯 Ö �huw:i a rela liu lls hip h川、,\'I 't'11 tlw 討iZl' uf IH:U民 dictiullilry lI�ed for t.lH' e>:ii.illwtiull. a lld LIII' w()rd 1 aιClIrはじv for tbe l{'活Lillg d孔Lι 'l'bl' J"('cu).\llil iUII ies are th日孔verugt' 1・eSlllt of live dilrt'rl'IlL Sl't、 : ()j・I� iOll words. resolution c1eterlllining the upt inJ a l st.renlll weight.る c1epending on the size 01" recognition dictiollary for th e estillHltioll. We lIs ed 1000 worc ls for llw esti- 7 shows bimodal speech rc�cogll itio n rate討1"01' vnrÏous conditiolls. The proposed Illethud olltper1"Orlll凶P孔ιh aud io-on ly and v isual- o n ly spcech rec ogn itio ll systelll, ill SNfl. OJB 1)11(1 CleulI C C ll ld iti o llS . 'fh{� gr内Ji. illlprovp l封。b出刊'vl,d ill Vヒry low;:;NIîじolldit.iけ11:>. 1'11<;",' !'(,,,ldt:;. lじe Lh日propo別式1 llledlOd illlprove単語P'-'CじÌ11刊:ugllitiull flltes lI::;i 11邑C1llly 15 adaptatiull \V urds ill a山111メticall,\" llui::.y ;eim 5, CONCLUSION 1111 this pup日r we propo凶é th{' llIethucl le仁blliqlll' wbicb cl� fectivelyeぉl.Ïnwte対日udio-visual日lreHlll we ig; hls 0(" lbοC! a rl \" lllLt.gratioll SCbelll<・by few adaptatioll dnt.a ill acollstic,dly 1l01syenvÏl・Olllllellt:; Thc ('sl illlaLioll c�xperillwlll話。iバITHlll \\'υigbl s arc' p<、r lωllwcI alld tll<' l'‘didity 01' tliis WClilliquc・1:--:討11<ハ\'11 1.\\' l b" 23 278 J. SLephell COX!$ I a i ll � la L t hews alld八IIdrew ßa 口 氏 h a1 ll ! $ "CulIl hill品入!oisc l‘01l1jlt'IISはtiulI wit.h Visual 11l1'orlllu- .1. .I a vie r I 1 1'J"Jlu llcl 0 ! $' ]\ 1 礼X i111 11nl Likelihood Weightillg 01 • • • • ・ • • • • 20 AuLolllat.ic 1 �H)Î! % 一一 audio only v刷山川 y prOpoSal I SNR(dB) ("ur LiùlI ill Speeじh I lcιognit.ioll" !$AVSP'!.J7!�)p!宅53.-56!$ i 旬。 a lld Palll 1コycl1110l\"ski ! $ Fu吋iUll Sp<,echreutlillg"! $IC八SSjJ'9(j! �)p! �;n.-1)3ü!$199ü!も fo1' adaptatioll dic- -ー.-ー. ._ V/ollちall民H lIrsL "Ad‘Ipli、町l3illludal Se ll sur • ・ • • ・ • • • • • • • • • • • • ・ • • • • • • • 40 REFERENCES 八IId iLu rl' 品川ι1 Vi引ml ParalllC�l.(>rs ill illl I I ]\I]\I -h;凶町l k f 。 1 1 『 he 1 副 n 5 日 o y I'esults 6. 1. 八!抗djouclani and じ!抱clloit! $・()1I th" 11ltcgratÌoll (j j , ♂ ,• 1ISIl li--l!ie'l nu nu au au Recognition Also Llw e vnl u a t io l l UII'{υ1I1,1I111Ul1S討pむ肌;h iぉ(.() he cUlIsidered 4n E E B E 山 a u d d d - 一 9- - 均 一 一 - u 1 2 旧 正 m 川 J',f 川/ ' ' 山 y 'B J 1 3 F M ・ 4 4・ 一 4 剛n B 白 日 目 臥 ad d d d ,i ,, ,,i 山4 Jf 巴 ,・ p 川 a U 8 6 3一 % i' 1p ,p F ,f a a '' a. , 広J 4 ・ 7 8 7 r l ili li- -11 l Li 9 「 l }! 1 14 1 lili--1 1 1 11 11 1' '! じ H 間 叫Fhw E一 れ 5 .-F e o o υ o c dH !1 , a, -一 ? JP '門 d,! 3 ほ 4 H I M 訓 a kd v nv nu nu nu ハU nu 1 1 -4r}E E 芯E 』8 、, O L 司 o n o o e 同 玉 川 d 3 2 1 1 c a • • • • • ,‘ 園 一 一 . m H 一 一 rccugllitioll experinwllt.s. V、 L }l eg J ー S'I' I U ': ,\ .\ I ,,\' I� I C 1-1 γ CW'I ' I :\ I I χ !\' l ' l O ぶ o 卜、 日 ド ,.' 日 C I I I\ .'\ I) し 1 1 > l l\ I ;\ ( ; 1二 対 EU U ト; ヘ.: ( � 1 ': 卜、o l { :\ 1 : I J I ( )- V 1 吋 l ' .'\ 1 . 日 1) 1::1,;( ‘ 1 1 ! ( L ( 'UC ,\i 1 ;hikmLl〆 ふ'叫lli8hi !V(I.!,:rmL"I/."/"(I. ' . f-/ùldυ:i//."Ì 1 1 , ," II :I/.IL 1イiy"lt. i-m :.. l へ' l‘ I { 日 pO kC: l l Li\. l lば u a民ν ï ‘rf. l l l討 b L i u l 1 ! { c;sl'a rdl Ld )(J1'<I LOrir'行 I l t ,、 j コー三-J.. 1 [ i km i c l ; l i . 日 日 i ka-cl ! " . 出 ) r H k l l-� I I I 1 , I(yulo (i l �)- りゴバ8. ": t ; rad Ll(l t(� �づ 仁hool υr ] I 1 rorJ I I <L l i o l 1 ト允iCI 1仁川 .\'al"a I I 1S L i L lI Lι, u l 討ιiellCl' u l 1 d '1'1'仁 1 ! I 1 0 l o 仏〉 SD ! fト九 Tnk.りん1 I I l < l - c! I O . l ko I 1 Ja- s l ! i . N山ra . (i : 30べ ) I IJ l . J A P A N E- I I 1 H i l : 1 1 山kn I I l U I,l:(�sl t . <I t. r ι u .j p J3 i I l Wcl,d spl'cch recogl l i l i o l l :;_VはCIII凶, W i l. h t l l C' I IS(' 01' vi・ S l I 孔1 i l 1 lol'l l l n t i o l l lo 此 I p p l C' l l l C ' l l l nco l I日 l i c i l l l'O l' l l laLio l l , have bじれ11 討I !OW I I lυ y i dc! bel Ll.'r l'ccog l l i L i o l l Pl�l'l'Olïl lはllCt' l l < u l l j) lI l'l'ly aCO ll討しic SYSll!ll1叫 U凶pl'c i u l l_v w l ! e l l backgl'oll l lcl l loi話。 is prcsl' l I l . 'l'hc eurly i l l legl'a l. i o l l はraLc日y ro r IH l l\ 1 ・ ba剖可l 孔lIc1io・vislIal 討pccch rl,cog l l i l i o l l i討 olle p rol 1 1 i s i l l !!; approac h , w l w r<.' L l !c Oll t p u t prolml> i l i ty is obLllI lCcI b y procl u! ' L 01' o l l L i八l L probal ) i l i Ll's 01' H lI d i o I I l I d Vil>lIH] 刈l'l'a l l ll:i . '1' h is pap�n' )u.lcl r('ssc's II l I uvd 1川、I;h(}d w l ! ich o p l i l l l i i:I:'S 叫reat 11 weigh ts 討0 ,附 1,0 l l l HX l l l l lZl' rl'仁ogll i Li o l l Iwrl'O l' l l l i l l 1じい ' l'hc proposecl l I 11'l hod l'sl.i l l l a le吋 L l !l‘ sl.rea l l l wei gh t 討 based 0 1 1 a l lO lï l l a l iZl,d 10以 l i kd i h()ud w h i c l ! j" dCl'i vl,'d :).\' rat:io 01' l i kc l i ll<川d 0 1 礼 c()rr<�cf. \\'ord ë l1 11t h i広I !l明L l i kc ] i hl川d o r i l 1じりn・t'ιl. word日 'l'he iso!aLccl \Vu rcl 1'(、CO民l I i ti o l l l'Xperi l l lClll. rc凶1I 1 t持 活I !υw that t l w 比lI d io- v i行 lI H I spt'l'ch rl'co!< l I i l io l l hy pl ・ o p ose c l 1 1 1日Lhud <ll, L比i n:吋 !j(i . 三 沢 : Iυ d I S ) . ;):J . � ';'イ ( lld 11) a 11 d l ;) . � �;� 1 三りd H ) b c L Ler pι、 r l ú n l l 仏 1 1 ( '( ' じUI I I { 川 l 川I Lu L h a l ( J l l l y 1I討111民 all d io i l l {( 1 I' 1 1 1 は l iul l . ' ] 、 h l' 1 川 1 I 1 ts alsu s l l U\\' t h(.' pruj Ju,;くえ1 I l l uL lioc! c a ll 1'(.�d l iC(-, ;1 1 1 1I 1 1 I 1 , ,'r u r , H l a p l a l iU11 \\'u rdパ 24 279