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対乳児発話(マザリーズ)を処理する親の脳活動と経験変化
-#@JPQ$?HG;&CO+' ƮǮ ¸ľ ʽùŧȉĠī ɴ'CNīȆȓegʾ ʅȩÈ˅619-0225 ¦ʒŐƨǒńʼnƨǒńô 4-1-1 E-mail˅[email protected] ɑƖ NFD1N1-ȻÉɢ3Ġ§ōÉ0ķ+¹əɈ,IùƝ 0Ĝʻ,źƇM)%ʪŠ,ɟ`d-Ā4JI2ɟƒ3əɢďDƏäď Ǵ/(%;<:+2Ď,ɒGJȴɅǰģMăL 0ñGȕ+ÓI` dMðïIōÉBťđFȷ-JəɈ2ǥŢDŮâ2Ǹʌ92ŝʫǐǽJ +IɟŸ,IĠ§0ǐǽ%Ȇȓ3Ľ/`d,ɟůČ3 /N,KLJŽ'2ʻ8H,KˈÉ0əɈM°F-IůČ2GL J,KˈȻÉȧʺDǰģňÁ§ň3I2&KˈȄG ȄG ¹(+> `d2WpdMȊȧȍī2ȖėGƹɝ%țȶG2ȆȓMȥ©ōÉ 2əɢǸʌ0øL!+ĝäIɕ2ȽÎÒǩʋȏMDžĩǾ£·ǭ2ɖǛGÏȵI 1 S.-#@JPQ ōÉ0ɟI-Ȍ%'Ġ§3ůɫI/0ʠLG źƇM)%ǣǡ2ʪŠʽdřãźƇʾ,ɟ [1-3] Ĝʻ/H ƕƪɢ,3 NFD1 [4] N1-(%ȻÉɢʽōÉɢʾB¹LJI `dʽmotherese, Džɕɢʾ-BĀ4 JI2Ǩɭ3ŸɟMý@;<:+2əɢďDƏäď,ɒGJÁ§ň3IB22 ȴɅǰģMăL ñMȕ-GumÌʂ2WpdI-ȵGJ+I [5-11] ōÉB`dMĤN,ȷ#2%A`d0FIəɈ2ǥŢDŮâ2Ǹʌ 92ŝʫ0ǐǽ%ȆȓȫGJ+I `d¬Ğ0B|PkQdʽparenteseʾ{vm[ʽbaby talkʾ bWcwiʽmusical speechʾ/.-BF4JIīɌǺ03ƢBȖǺ/ůÿø 2ķÉǸɟʽinfant-directed speech >%3 IDSʾĤ>-J+I [12] ƪ ȑ,3š;.ɿ:IȊȧīǺPzi2ȨưG`d-ȪI TR=0 `d0FIǸɟ2ĝä3Ŏȟċ0F7ƏǎDɢśʪŠ/.2ĝäI ķŵ§Ǹɟʽadult-directed speech >%3 ADSʾ-dž:%ėø¬2ǡŤſGJI [13-32,3,33-35] 1 ĉȅǸɟ ƏȞ,2dʜ ȪɢǺ0éȤ kʈ ȷïHƙƘȂ/ɟƒ ȰHɽğ Ñʜ Ĝ2wjiʻ ɳăğ wji2ȟċĠ ōÉɢʿȻÉɢ2¹ǭ ʪŠ2řɧ ÷əɢ2ǡŤʽƕƪɢ2ǜĜäĎɢ2ĜɧȡŕŸɟʾMʡİ/ȟċ,ĝɧ ɛ2ǡŤMɷ>`d03¬2ÙǛſGJI ˆÙǛˀˇ ÎIJLG/+BʪŠŮĖ&,ůČMƅǗ,I ʽǐůćɵɜó ųA/.ʾ [36-38] ˆÙǛˁˇ ʩĜ&,/ɓɔǺɘɔǺ/ŸHBƤǭʽĠ/ñ2ʞʝĠ /ɸƀH~lQgjiʾ/L'ɓɔȸɔɘɔ2ùƧ%ÊÞ I%AǩɗD [39,40] ˆÙǛ˂ˇ qRd0řʽqRdǪę,3`d2ƒȷïHDʾ ȶȾµBqRdǪę,ɠŘ2őøř/I 2 [42] [41] ɟ UR9F `d03.2F/ǀȼI2&KˈǨЬ2˃)2ǀȼȵGJ +I ˆǀȼ 1˅űŮMÔHD°Iˇ əɈ2Ȅɫ/ÉƧÖƧ,3űŮ/^p]aŸDŽ-/IĮʤ ĞĎɢ2`d,(+BÉʽ5 ƣÉʾ0ȷ!%ėøɜóIF/ɟƒ2 `d,3É3ţș?ĚȋǂIF/ɟƒ2`d,3ũűŮ Ě [37] ùƽ0`d0tcxQgM+ʽ/L'¶Mɟ+ IÔG/ʩĜ0+ʾB(%Ĝ2`dMÉ0ȷ!I-ɜóIF /ɟƒ2`d,3É2ǐɓƝʟĚȋǂIF/ɟƒ2`d ,3ǐɓƝʟǖI [38] ɋâžƾ&,/ǫǩžƾBĝäI-ȄGJ+I º4`d2ȸï0F(+ťżƍǖIÜʱɈ2ȽǏMɚǗI-` d0ý>JIũ2űŮ2ř0Ũ+ȽǏtĚIʽ9 ƣÉʾ [43] /.ȄGJ +I ¶`dGMNJA+I2ˈé0Ĝ2wji&,3/ũűŮʖɑ 2F&ĮʤűŮMĭ0%ǢŲ,É0ɟ%ėøʽ6 ƣʾ`d, (+BĤ>/ķŵ§Ǹɟ,(+BũűŮMæÔ02!+ɟ!4É 3`dFHBĤ@-I [44] /L'wji2ĝɧ3Ȩưɨ,(+É 0Ĥ>JI`d2æÔƬ®,BŦɑƬ®,B/ɟȶ2Ŏȟċ/űŮɍǨʖɑ 2F&2š2ɣƘGBÔIF0űŮǺÄʨG`dMƁ %Ȇȓ3>&>&Ľ/ğ3ű٬ĞG2Pzi,I ˆǀȼˁ˅É2ʏĤMÙǭ%ȉ¯Ǻ/DH-Hˇ ķŵ§Ǹɟ0dž:ōÉ3`dMĤ? 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J5 `d2ƢBȖǺ/ĀȎķÉǸɟʽinfant-directed speech, IDSʾ,I- ɿ% [12] Ȗ&,/ƪɳM)%Ā7ƒ,I-țȶ3ū)>H.N/ʩ ĜǸ!GJ%2ʽÓÞʾMƁI2,3/ȾÔ¨ɥ0û(+ɟ+ I2#2ÎǺ/ĦãMăʳ0+I2,IÜȞ,YiTɢ2`dķŵ§Ǹɟ2wji±+HåØ)*G-ȥ©% [90] #J3ÓÞʩĜMɗƯ IʣH0+±+I2,(+ ɥ0û(+ɟ+I23Ƙȇ0Ǵ/(+ I ÓÞ-+`d0±+IʩĜ0ķ|jmǸɟʽpet-directed speechʾIw ji2ʻDűŮ2őø3±ʂ(+Iʍ3Ǹɟ2ƘȂʽhyper-articulationʾ 0(% [14] ùDžɕȾÔ2|jm0û(+ɟ%Ɲʽķ|jmǸɟʾ-ȾÔ2 Éʽ6 ƣʾ0`d,ɟ%Ɲ2Džʩ Pʽ/a/ʾRʽ/i/ʾSʽ/u/ʾ2ʩĜMɗƯ #J$J2ʩĜ.2ȏőɼ2ʍ(+I2MDžʩȔʟ-F4JIȔʟ ,Ǘĭ%-Kķ|jmǸɟ,ɟJ%PRSFHB`d,ɟJ%P RS2ƒƘȂ,(%Ğϧû2Ǹɟʽforeigner-directed speechʾ,3|jmû Ǹɟ-ʁ2tg0/I [91] /L'Ǹɟ2ƘȂ0ʠ+3`d-ù 3(H+Iƒwji2ʻDűŮ2őø3ķŵ§Ǹɟ-ùG³(% Ȍ%'3ǾŸ0û(+ɟʤ0ǾŸ2əɢǩɗÞMƅʘ(%,ȄG ɟMɧƎ+I2,I 7 ȄG Ǹ XRH".,81 >>,`dMȷïIōÉ2ÄGÈɋȆȓMȥ©+%G3 ɟȶ,Iɕ0ȁǽȧʺÁ§ňG`d2ğƽŬMȵIƪ2ɤ?ȷ !2ʤƔ0ÇDĥIōÉ0ķ+3Džɕ3`d2ʪŠ2ĝɧMřAI [92] >%ȉ¯Ǻ/đ²DȧǕǢŲDžɕ2`d2ɳʘMĝä!IG0ĩ. B2Ǹʌ0ʠIɕ2Ȅɫ`d0BŝʫMF< [93-95] ^p] aIǢnjʽʷ¡ȁơƪ2ɤ?ȷ!Vi ʉ7ʾD^p]a 2øɚƝʟǡ0`d0ŝʫMF<F& [94] }0FIŝʫBĖþJ+IVYama-}30ƩƷȊȧ ȣ0ÆÔħƝ2ĩįîȮDLjÔǍM½ÆMB)-ȄGJ+IƱ Ȋȧȣ0BÆûȉ¯ɋâ0ʠI-2Ėþ 10 Ō;.ȫ+IVYama 2}ʘ03Á§ňIVYama2ʘğDžɕ;.Éʽ6 ƣʾ0 ķI`d2ǸɟʘDũűŮB(%ƄɘɋâÉMʼɂIF/ʸȻɋ âĚI [96] ƒ,ȢȊǶǩīǺ/ŝʫBȄGJ+IÜɿ2Ǭš),3` d2Ǹɟʘ2³¬Ğ0BÉʽ34 ƣʾ2ɋâ0øL!%ɋâɧȞ2³ É2ǸĜ0ķIŨȜ2ʈI ɟʘBĽ/ [97] [64] >%űŮMɍəɈDəɢŮĖM-B/(%Ǹ G0Ĝ2wji2ğƽŬĽ/džɹǺxjm/ɟƒMI Ż)Ɋ2ƥǭDļœMŢ+IƝ3ƉĆJI 2¹ǭ³+I-2ĖþI [98] [65] ȪøĢɧǷ2DžɕB`d YR$?HG;& ɕ3.2F/ůČMB(+`dM¹ōÉ0ɟ+I2&K ōÉMÜ0%ɕ2ʻƇű>%3ĩ.B0əɈM°F-ůČMɍ+I /G4ȻÉȧʺ0FIʍDǰģňÁ§ň(+Būɬ,3/țȶ%'3Ƚ ǓâMɚǗI-,ăʳMƹɝI-0% [99] ĠȽ3Ňõ0ÔJ+IɃǺ0¿GJ+I;.ŇȽ-õȽ2Æ0Ġ/ ʍ3/#J,B(5/ǀȼ2Ƹ?Ô3I [100] əɢǀȼ3ŇȽʽõÙ 2ėøʾűŮǀȼ3õȽ-Ġ>/ʍ,IBɕ`d0F(+ō É0əɢM°F-+I/GŇȽ2əɢʗǓâI&KBűŮ2ʻ8H ,ɟ+I2/GõȽDűŮ0ʠIȽǓâɒGJI3 ++ȆȓMʆA% 8 &2F/ɣM% YRS AB3: țȶ%'3ȻÉȧʺ2ƤǜDŬň0FI`d2ʍMɧ:I%A06 )2Ǵ/ I\zʽ1ʾɕ2ȧʺ2/ǰŬ-ʽ2ʾģŬʽ3ʾǫš 612 ƣ2ąɢƧÉ2ǟ ɕ-ʽ4ʾDžɕʽ5ʾ¢ɢƏƧōÉ2Džɕʽ6ʾļīŌǫÉȘ2Džɕ0ɧƲèÞM¼ʲ %ȻÉȧʺMȪÚI%AąɢƧÉ¢ɢƏƧōÉȚĩ,Iɕ0ëß+B G(%ëߧƍ3#J$J 20 úȏő,fMRI M¹`d0LIȽǓâMɧ :%ŚÖ3Ɏȱ2,`dMɟ+BGȽǓâMɖĶI-MɚDZ% 2&ñMâ-íâ,ʱâȽ2¿öMǃɖĶI-,/ B`d3Ġ0ɟ-ǡŤ2%AɎȱ2,`dMɟƒǎ3Ɛ Ū% 1996 ŌRgPtĠī2 Giacomo Rizzolatti ƋƂG2\z0FHp ǸɒJª§2â·Mɒ%&,#2â·MƿÂIF/ȽǓâI -ƘG0J% B(% [102] [101] Bâ·Dʊâ2ȧʺMȒ@-Ǔâř/I-Ėþ țȶ%'32p2ÆMÙǭëßȶɎȱ2, `dMȷ-`dMɟ--ùƽ2ȽǓâMɖǗ,I-ȵ%ʩǙ0 3`d2ÍĒº-+J/Ĝ2`dG`dMîʚ% țȶ%'3G0Á§ň0)+BƹɝI%AëßȶËĂ0 5 ĠĊĩ2ŬƶƹƲ ʽvj\˄ʾMɋ(%ǡ0ȉ¥ŬDǓâŬMȈĞûŬ0ȁǽ+`d 2ȽǓâ-2ʠʅMƃ(% 2Ȇȓ,ȁǽ%23`d2ǡŤ2'ʪŠʽdřãźƇʾɢśʽȻÉɢōÉɢʾ,I#J$JMķŵ§Ǹɟ-džɹI%AʪŠM 2 gR zʽ`d-ķŵ§ǸɟʾɢśM 2 gRzʽ`d-ķŵ§Ǹɟʾǭů2!2 2¢ɑĊʓȱ0F(+4 Ȑʶ2ʩĜMîʚ%/L'ʪŠBɢśB`d ʪŠBɢśBķŵ§ǸɟʪŠ`dʿɢśķŵ§ǸɟʪŠķŵ§Ǹ ɟʿɢś`d2 4 Ȑʶ,I#J$J2ʩĜÛǚM 64 îʚøɚ 4 ! 64 = 256 ȐʶMǭů%2,#J$J2ëßȶ03 2 Ȑʶ2ɦʳMɋ(+BG(%ˀ) A3ʪŠ&0ȁǽ+ȷ+%ʩĜ`dķŵ§ǸɟMŔØ+B G(%)>Hɢś3ǜɓIL,Iˁ)A2ɦʳ3ʁ0ɢś&0ȁǽ+ `dķŵ§ǸɟMŔØʪŠ3ǜɓIɦʳˀ,3ɛ-` dɦʳˁ,3-`d-/I YRT AB27 `dMȷ%-2ȽǓâMɧ:%Ȩưĩ.B2əɢǸʌ0Ũ+Džɕ2ȽǓ 9 âBĝäI-Ô(% [99] ëß% 6 )2\z2,dz`dM¹2 3ąɢƧÉ2Džɕ,ƢBĜʻǡŤǺ/`dMɟ [103] #JMíƚ%F 0əɢʗ,ƢBʻȽǓâMȈ%ʽɦʳˀ˅ʪŠ2ŔØʾǡ0ŇȽəɢʗ2, BòÍǺəɢʗ-+ȄGJIyWʗʽBrodmann 44/45 ʗʾ-STpj]ʗ ʽBrodmann 20/40/42 ʗʾ,(%>%`d2ʪŠ&,/ȻÉɢ0ķ+ BəɢʗříŨ%ʽɦʳˁ˅ɢś2ŔØʾʨǹ-0ùƝƧ2ÉMB)ǟ ɕ,3ȽǓâɒGJ/(%¨ĉëß%DžɕG3ËĂĸƺĨ,ǟɕ-3ȻÉ0 ƈLIƝʟ0ňI%ADžɕ-ǟɕ2ȽǓâ2ʍ3#J$J2ȻÉƝʟ2ʜ2 ʍMíƚ+IóȼŬȵGJ%>%ɕ2ȧʺ2/ǰģ,BȽǓâ3ɒGJ /(%ʽČˀʾ ǁ0ʻȽǓâMȈ%2¢ɢƏƧōÉ2Džɕ,(%şģGĮʤ0ĩ.B0 ɟI-`d2Ĝʻ3ǖ(+I>&`d2ʪŠDȻÉɢM ¹ƝƧ,I [104] ļīǫ2Džɕ,3B3DȾÔ2ĩ.B0`d3¹L ȽǓâMɖĶ+B`d0>(%íŨ/(%/L'ķŵ§Ǹɟùȏő0íŨ/(%2F0Džɕ2ȽǓâ3ĩ.B2ŵʜ-Ì0ĝä +-Ô(%ʽČˁ˂ʾ G0țȶ%'3ëßȶËĂ2ŬƶƹƲMɋȉ¥ŬDǓâŬMȈĞûŬ `dMȷ+I-2ȽǓâ0.2ȏőŝʫIMɧ:%#2ȨưąɢƧ É2DžɕG&,ĞûŬʻ§;.Ǹɟʊâ0LIʊâʗřǓâ%ʽČ ˃ʾ5 ĠĊĩ2ª2ʮǽ0ʠ+3.2\z,BƤů/Ǿʠ3/(% ąɢƧÉ3əɈMɟ!/0BLG DžɕG2əɢʗǓâI--3 é/ILJŽ'2ʻƇ,`dMɟ2,3/É0¶-əɈM°F+ IůČ2ɍJ,H>%ùǸɟʊâ0LIʊâʗǓâ%-GȽÎ ,3agʽpʾÆ+I-ȵGJI ¬3ȽǓâ0)+2ň,IɧƲȾµ3ʩĜ2ȷïHF7ŔØɦʳMɋ(% L,IɋâŵȯʽíŨƝʟ-ǃȜǦʾ03\zʟ2ň3/(%ɦʳˀ2 ʪŠŔØɦʳˁ2ɢśŔØ-B0Ƞé/ɦʳ,I2,ǻ;<ǘǛM-(+> (%ġ¤áư2óȼŬBI ƪɨƏ2Ðʱ,ƢBȖǺ/éɢķÉǸɟʽinfant-directed speechʾ,I-ɿ:% [12] 0BʠLG țȶ`dʽDžɕɢʾ-Ā7ȫ%ǩǯ0I/L 'ąɢƧÉ2DžɕƢBķÉǸɟM¹#JE0əɢʗ2ȽǓâBƊű, (%G,IąɢƧÉ2ǟɕ,3ȽǓâ2ĚĠɡAGJ/(%%A0 |PkQdʽɕɢʾ-3ʽĽ/-BȽȍīǺ03ʾĀ:/ 10 YRU -2@J%6[ `d,3.N/ʩĜǸ!GJ%2,3/ȾÔ¨ ɥ0û(+ɟ +I2#2ÎǺ/ĦãĠÕ&-2ȌɒM,ɿ:%ÎǺ/Ħã2ĝä /L'`dn0ÕHơIȽÎcRjiMɒ)I-3,/ˈ țȶ%'3Ïő fMRI lgMɗƯ+cRjiMƃ-0% [105] ,țȶ% '3¶cRji0/I23ȻÉȧʺ--B0Ɗű0ĝäI&K-ɣMȖ+ %#+¬˃)2Ƭ®MË+ǘ%Ƚʑ²J4#JcRjiBJ/ -ȵ%ɕȧʺ2/ģŬ,3`d-ķŵ§Ǹɟ,Ǔâ2ň/ąɢ ƧÉ2Džɕ,3ɢśFHBʪŠ2ŝʫřʽʪŠ2áưʾ¢ɢƏƧōÉ2Džɕ ,3ɢś-ʪŠ2ƒ2ŝʫIʽɢś!ʪŠ2¥£·ǭáưʾļīŌǫÉȘ2 Džɕ,3`d-ķŵ§Ǹɟ,Ǔâ2ň/,IʽČ˄AʾɗƯMɋ(%Ȩ ư2 4 Ƭ®MË+ǘ%Ƚʑ²)&H#J3Ƚ2ǔʑõÄ2ĔŏƴʽĿ Ǣƴʾ,(%ʽČ˄Bʾʨǹ-0ŇÄ2ĿǢƴ3sRX2əɢʟÕHơ cRji-+ĖþJ+I [106] ŇõíķÄõÄ2ĿǢƴ3`d2nÕ HơcRji,IóȼŬ3I YRV *N</5)1 dz2ăʳǛ3Ġ§`dMǸ%2,3/ȸï%Ɲ2ȽǓâMɚǗ %Ǜ,IMRI 2,`dǡƤ2hRoj[/ñ2â·Mɋ-íâ,ʱ âȽ2¿öMǃɖĶI-,/%A2Ɇȹ2ȝ,(%J3 `dMȸï%&,(+Bƕŋ2ǸɟȧʺMíƚ%ȽǓâGLJI2ÜƆI2ÜƆMp0ʲ(+>(%óȼ/G4`d MǸɟ%Ɲ2ȽǓâ-ȸï%Ɲ2ȽǓâMdž:ȿI-Mȇɡ!14/G/ p2ĪĐʟʍ(+J4țȶ%'2Ȇȓ3ɗʕĝƠMɾGJIØ2 ɗʕ-+ª§2ɟ`d0ķIʍāűGJIƕŋǺ0`dM ¹4¹;.ȾÔ2`dMȳŢ+ª§2`dMȷ-, ȾÔ-2ʍMƹÓʽĜɳʪŠ/.ʾȽǓâ3#2ʍMɍǨ+I&BJ /ƢB`dM¹ąɢƧÉ2Džɕ,ȾÔ-ª§2ʍMʵɉ0ƹÓȽ ǓâBʻ/(%2BJ/ƞDŽ`dM¹L/ɕȧʺ2/ǰģDļī ǫÉȘ2Džɕ,3ƹÓÞ³ȽǓâ0BíƚJ/(%-ɗʕBóȼ, I ąɢƧÉ2Džɕ-ǟɕ,?GJ%ʍ3ɿ2ʂHȻÉƝʟ2ʜ2ʍMíƚ 11 +IóȼŬIG03ÓǬšȻÉ2}sc2ʍMíƚ+ IóȼŬBIJG2óȼŬMƹɝI%A03/ʸȻȶǟɕ2ıŒǰŬ¾ Ȼě/.-džɹMI-,ȻÉƝʟ2óȼŬMƹɝ,I&K>%ÓǬȧʺ3/ ʸĩMȻÉ2Džɕ,ȽǓâMɚǗJ4}sc2óȼŬMƹɝ,I ZRD `d-ǨɭMťǩīǺȊȧȍīǺ0Àȃ+%ǡØ/Ǩɭ,3/ F0ūB(-Ġ/ɓǛGƁI-,Ƶŏ0I23^p]a 2ɧƎȼÞ,I-țȶ3ȵ+I> ĠÕ/23ǽ2Ü0I§2ĪĐ, Iǁ0ĠÕ/23#2§-.D(+^p]aMŽȫ!I,I §ŜǾŸ,3`dMɟ2ʦ232ǩǯ&ŌijHMǾŸ0` dʽ(=ɟƒʾM¹2BşG2ǐůMŖƝ03ɦʳ2txUcM ɔʔ{MI-,IG& [107] %-ķŵ§Ǹɟ,(+BƑə ɈÓ+%GʪŠMɧƎI`d,Bķŵ§Ǹɟ,B2 ĉǽ0Ó+%éɢ, 3ȅʧ0³wji,ɟ [108] ǾŸ2ȼÞMƅʘH^p]aM Žȫ!IɧƎȼÞĔǼ0IG#űŮ2ÌƤDDžĩʟ2ùƧɋâɍŮâ· ɘɔ2ih/ŮĖ°ʌóȼ/2&K ʁ0ə4^p]a2ɧƎȼÞ§0-(+3`d3Ś% HÜ2Ǩɭ,3//"ʎÕ/`dMɟ!//"ɧƎȼÞ³+I 2#2§MǩɗI,à0/IȆȓ¶FHŦɑ,I2ƒûŬ,ȆȓMȫ I-`d-ǨɭMFHǔȄI-0/I&KȀǩ3ŋ0ŗȶ2 Ä0I2& LM ƪɨƏ,ȥ©%ȆȓMʇɋI0%HžĻʬ>%ʹĘJĩÈǫʽǩä īȆȓŷʾŧƫǑĩÈǫʽĕǧĠīʾÌùȆȓȶ,I Donna Erickson ÈǫʽƜāʩƻ ĠīʾǮĄNjÈǫʽǩäīȆȓŷʾȏœÈǫʽǩäīȆȓŷʾR. 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