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Environmental Characteristics of Precipitations Based on
RADIOISOTOPES,55,307−317{2006)
Article
lllll|1|llll川1111111111111111111Ullllll
Environmental Characteristics of Precipitations Based
on Both Oxygen Stable Isotopic Ratio and Concentrations
of Rare Earth Elements (REEs), Thorium (Th), Uranium(U)
in Niigata Pretecture
NaokiKANO, TakehiroKIKUCHI, NobuoSAKAMOTO, HiroshiIMAIZUMI,
HitoshiMURAYAMA, HiroakiYAGOH and TsuyoshiOHIZUMI
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Englneering, Migata University
*Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nligata Un三versity
80501karashi 2−nocho. Niigata−shi,]Niigata Pref,950−2181,Japan
“Niigata Prefectural Research Laboratory fer Health and Environment
314−1Sowa, Niigata・shi, Niigata Pref.950・2144, Japan
”’Acld Deposition and Oxidant Research Center(ADORC)
1182Sowa, Niigata・shi. Niigata Pref. 95a2144, Japan
Received Decernber 19,2005
カr・rd酬σ’川・β∫r輌9・le抽e c’]at’acteristics(・’』・α・・c松の吻r吻ゴtat’θ’1∫加Niigata P・efectttt’e, a“’gen
stable’sotopic ratios(f.‘.,δL℃)‘1川d the c四lce’ttra”θ♪ls可”are ea rth e∫enlel1f∫(Rε且の,所or輌r{川 {Th), and
ttra’1’“摺(U)加r加precipitatiOIT sa川Ples were measl‘red.刀he precip’rロr’on samp’es lt,ere co〃ected I‘∫f’rg a
fittrating bIt’k sampler ei,eりi nt・o vveeks at 3 poin rs in Niiga’a Prefecture during t’le・per輌od∫frθ川Dee召川ber
2003ro Dece,nber 2004.
C・蹴・醐め・,功ef・〃・wing’na’ters ha昭been’川a励・cla rtfied.ω加訓y∫ε・∫・川,δi℃v面’ue ・fpre・
cipitati・ns v昭s・the sma’lest.(2)加ε8画r・δ1℃凹’・’ピC・’1r輌脚r・’聯・f’」・’ld‘目ん,r・脚繊c’”vvas ge’]−
era∼昂・o輪配㎡加’h’s“,ork. On・the ether lra’td,“Tet’ぽr・‘∫’r£ψcr”、1,ロ∫肥η1甜幽占ら・∫b〃n㎡ρPめ1かtぜ’!蹴
{3)η昭‘once川rat’ons Of’r囮ce nte’aU輌c etements(R、EE∫, Th, U)i’lcreaseゴ加∫ρHn&(4)、REEs in prec’ρ’拍一
tions nt’8」1r’tave・bee’I derived∫from a cr“stai SOt‘惚郁1∼,elt・as・ocean’c・SOttrce. w占ゴ1e酬∬櫛ρ08e川c苫ロ1‘rcε
1昭∫’tot negiigib’e.
Key Words:oxygen stable isotopic ratio, rare earth elemenL thorium, uranium, precipitation,
ICP−MS, stable isotope ratio皿ass spectrometer, Niigata Prefecture
In addition, rare earth elements(REEs)have
1.
Int「oduction
received great attention fer the understanding
Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes serve as use−
of the aqueous chemistry in last decadesG) ” s)、
fU1 tool for characterizing the origin of local wa−
The lanthanides(i,e., La−Lu),particularly, are
ters and local hydrological cycle. Hence, iscト
largely noticed because of their similar chemi−
topic analyses of oxygen and hydrogen (i.e.,
cal behavior, and the behavior allows them to
δi80、δD)in ellvironmental water samples
be used as a tracer of a wide variety of geo.
have been widely perfbrmed in the world in−
cbernical processes. The REE pattern, where
clu(封ng Japani,−5}.
the abundance of lanthanide in each saエnple
(3)
RiNDIOISOTOPES
308
VoL 55, No.6
Table l Sampling tists of precipitations at 3 points in Niigata Prefecture
∼ampling Da忙
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13−Sep−04− 27」Sep−04
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い一,° 窒モ垂窒モ唐モ獅狽刀@1h巴dcf㌃ct o「da1a
(relative to that of chondrite or shale)is plotted
Prefecture,
on a logarithmic scale against the atomic num−
In order to investigate the sources of precipi−
ber、 is therefbre regarded as a‘‘fingerprint”of
tatiens in addition to the characteristics of pre・
ageological sample9)−m.
cipitations, the concentrations of REEs, Th, and
Niigata Prefecture is Iocated in the geo−
Uas well asδ’“O values of the precipitations at
graphic position where the monsoon comes
3points in]1 iigata Prefecture have been deter−
from the Centinent. Moreover、 a large amount
mined in the present work,
of snow falls every year in winter season.
2.Experimental
Therefbre, it is expected that isotopic and
chemical investigation of the precipitation sam・
2・1 Samples
ples may bring new knowledge about hydr[卜
Precipitation samples were co11ected with a
lOgiC envirOnment in this area.
丘ltrating bulk sampler every two weeks at 3
However, hydrological and environmental in・
points in Niigata Prefecture. The sampling pe−
vestigations usingδasO andδD(as well as the
riod was one year, from the end of December
concentrations of REEs, Th, and U)in the pre・
2003to the end of December 2004. These saln・
cipitat三〇n have been scarcely reported in
ples are listed in Table 1且long with the amount
Niigata Prefecture.
of precipitation and pH. The pH of each sample
In previous papersi2)・1帥、 we mainly observed
was measured with a pH meter(HORIBA R24).
δ LeO of precipitation, river water, and some
The sampling points, namely Sado(38°14’N,
groundwater samples, and consequent玉y ob−
138°24’E ; Altitude l36 m), Niigata(37°50’N,
tained some new knowledge about the charac−
138°56’E,Altitude 5 m),and Shitada(37°38’N,
teriStics of envirOnmental waterS in Niigata
138°58’E.Altitude 190垣),are located respec・
(4)
』Un、2自部
藍㍍㈱el. al・:E緬;茎燃譲l c}縮瓢les晦卿i緬▲漣d・1ぷll鱗e醜撲e l記汕嬬o
3登9
エ and cc}ncentratio【iS・ of rare earth eienユじ鳳8{REE部.thorium[Th),uraniu珊〔田桓Niiga【a preiec加re
:{へ
遍
鳩\
Japan
⊇ 璽
q
多
N鐘gata. Pr{ifecture
.争己}
ノ
/
」
Flg. j Location ef sampling points in Niigata Prefecture,(ヱ):Sado,(2):Niigata. ・{3):Shitada.
f{〕rmed with a stable isotope ratio mass speひ
tively about O.1 km,3kln. and 40 km from the
nearest coast (Fig.1).
trometer(Micromass PRISM).
The§e samples議re clas§1五ed≧o thd辿簸ow−
2・2∋2 Det二ξぴm輌nati◎n of R]3】iξ§, Th.3R《i u
ing f・ur dasses based・R sea迎s[1:“win−
REEs, Th、 and U就andard sdutions used for
teピ(Dec., J肌. Fe杜),皿:“spring”(Mar., Apr,
making the calibration curve were pr印ared
May),匝:“sumrmer”(Jun., JuL, Aug.), W:
by diiuting the st鵠dard so王ution (XSTC4 fer
鱈au組mnf(Sep., O¢t, N◎v.)]. The wiHd direc−
REEs and XSTC−13飴r Th, U;b◎thユO mg・dmwws
ti◎nin each $eason(3 points)is sh◎wn in Fig. 2,
5%HNOs solution)purchased from SPEX Certi・
It indi口tes that the wind direction varied sig−
Prep, lnc,(USA).
nificantiy with both the places and the seasons.
Rare earth eleme就s, Th,舗d U were sepa−
rated fr◇m mgt茎rix by the che▲ate disk
2・2 ARalytica、1 method
(47φmm)(EmporeT! t Surnitomo 3M Co.). In
2・2・1 0xygen stable isotopic ratios(δ鵬O)
the separation procedure. the disk was piaced
Fer the measurement of oxygen isot⑰pe ratSo,
三na灘 ◎r〔lifta王y disk holder.〕Each sample wg‖S
CO2−】ヨらO isDt《コpe eqailibratigft method wa§
rUR thr◎ugh the disk afi;er adjust1R9 pH to 3 by
used. The sample preparation pr《}cedure based
using ammonium acetate(CH,,COONH4)and
nitric acid(HNO,)、Then, REEs, Th, and U皿
on the method of Wa伽abe et aLM}was applied
the di§k wa§eluted by 15 mo}・dm“;‘ R輌tric add
in this work. Isotopic measurements were per・
(5)
310
RADIOISOTOPES
(a)Sado
VoL 55. No.6
Table 2 0pera ting conditions of ICP・MS
Winkr
SOtm8
l ト t 「tt’t T’t ロtt v 「L tL ト 已霊ξ…
ミ lt RFp肺’er
1150w
1こ蹴{ じ望壁一
Plas耐9且s now
15Um加
c呂n由!rgfiS no“’
1.21/min
Sa mpting d叩lh
6.5mm
垣歴・r
s凪mpte ul}栖k£rate
o.5mWl皿in
Mc酬r細柏巾拍1
3四intSil》CEk
i._1−一一..一一.....:. _ 1
l
AdtLmvn
”…”
一〕…一一’一一’一『:’』’……一…一一i
!:1激ii
i
l
i
L_.rt.−t_一.一__一._
in‘egmb耐㎞o
I・o虻ノpeint
Me耶u民d㎞topes
IJ’
kぺ岨Ce、川p.,1“Nd, 1‘TSm,
]5’
d・,‘“’ Gd, ”’Tb, ’曲D}、1臼H・.
‘e‘
dr,‘岬Tm、 lnYb. tlSLu, U:Th,
_」[_.一一一__L−一___{
おl
(b)Niigata
SPtins
ト戚゜「
[ 1
s7E「
1
い“
dl」re described in Takaku et aLi5),
After the preconcentraion procedure, the
1
concentrations of REEs, Th, and U in samples
」,
「
were measured with an ICPMS(HP4500;Yoko−
Aut…n
gawa Analytical systems, Tokyo).The operat−
ing condition of ICP−MS(including the meas・
ured isotopes)is shown in Table 2.
3. Resuks and Discussion
3・ユ tS isO values in the precipitation in
(c)Shitada
㎞
Niigata Prefecture
勒
The fi lsO values in the precipitation samples
obtained at 3 points from the end of December
2003to the end of December 2004 are shown in
Table 3. From this table, it is found that the
mean value of 6’sO in Niigata City is more than
㎞
㎞
1.Oltlo 1arger than that of two other points(Sado
City and Shitada Village).
Seasonal variation ofδisO values in the pre−
cipitation samples at 3 points in]Niigata Prefec−
ture is shown in Fig.3. Frem this figure, the fol・
lowing matters have been fOund.(1)As for 3
Fig.2 The wind direction of each season in Niigata
Prefecture.(a):Sado.(b):]悼iigata,(c):Shita−
0bservation points, the seasonal behavior of
da
fi isO was almost similar to each other. In par−
ticular,δ1昼O values of precip三tation were rela−
(20cmり. The preconcen亡raion of REEs, Th,
tively sm魂1 in rainy season in all points.(2)
and U was carried out according to the proce・
δi80 vaiues in Niigata a[te generally larger than
(6)
jun. 2006
311
N.Ka皿o eLuL:EPvironlnental characteristics of pr{tclpit且tions based on bOth oxygen stable isotopic ratlo
and concentratie”s of rare earth elements (REEs),thoriumlTh},uranium{U)in Niig証ta preSectu re
Table 3 δ isO values in precipitations at 3 p⑪ints in Niigata Prefecture
1“gnta
Sロdo
Sh■leda
s−l
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−9、98
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一9.37
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・s.79
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N−5
−5 31
9.5
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.9 96
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←6」3
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−Io o1
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・4.23
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−1.78
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: −10
・fi 3 R
艮一10
−7、36
S・11
・1コ.7s
N−n
・11.95
K−II
−10.86
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・7.go
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・5,fi 7
K・1コ
・7.07
s’1ヨ
・丁.54
N・13
−7.64
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・9.20
S・目
・s.■3
}{・口
・7.54
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’〒、57
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−T.G9
,1ユ.ユ7
1,・ls
・り.go
.10ユ9
N・19
N・20
−7.54
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K・16
K−17
K・日
K’19
−6.39
K・ユo
一9.4ヨ
]・2]
−Io 81
s−21
ー5コ4
N・22
1−23
K・21
K・22
・6、49
K・23
、6.fi 9
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.7.4コ
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・7.65
K・コ4
・7.5?
s−25
ー8.67
・8.ヨ9
K・ユ5
−8.丁9
s一ユfi
・7、08
N−25
N.26
・6」1
K・26
−5.71
一s、70
Menrl
・7,41
Mcett
.8.48
S−1岳
s−L7
s.1s
S・19
S・20
s・ユ1
.6.丘儂
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@ 2.28
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一日、x. o
1.fi 4
1・cPros{…nl5thcdefc一二lofdataduetolhel日cハcof5轟mplc
tal effect”(i.e.,‘S isO in“coastal area” is gener・
一2
al]y larger than that in“inland area”)is consid●
ered to be larger in this case.
望
5 −s
3・2 Relationship betweenδtsO value and
㌔
.10
weather condition
3・2・1 Relationship betweenδiHO and tem.
.12
perature
一14
Relationship between temperature andδ1℃
菖
d
5
values in precipitation at 3 points in Niigata
一
Fig.3
Seasonal varia目ons ofδ]sO values in preαP1−
Prefecture is shown in Fig.4. In any places, a
ta世on at 3 points in Niigata Prefecture,
remarkable correlation betweenδ1℃values
and temperature is not found.
In order to examine the seasonal characteris−
those in Shitada throughout the year.
For the explanation of the above・mentioned
tics ofδisO in more detail, plot of temperature
(2),℃ontinental effect”]z〕・16)and/or“Al廿tude
vs.δ1℃is sh.own per each season(Fig.5). In
effbct’12}・】6〕may be presented. However,“Alti・
winter, the relationship between the tempera・
ture at the sampling points andδ1且O values is
tude e」圧ectH of δ陪O in the preclpltatlon ls
known as at most−0.14%o/100 m4)or−0.25%o/
relatively good(r=O.57),rn other words,“Tem・
100 mii)in central Japan, Therefbre,℃ontinen一
perature effect”12}・to)is remarkably fbund in
(7)
RADIOISOTOPES
3工2
0
r=⑪.06
(a〕
遥
ロ
一5
も
:bず.n◇A
Sado
6
口Spring
winter, In addition. comparatively high correla−
△s͡r
tion(声0.34)was seen in summer.
φAUI㎜
aP8◇ e△。
・10
As to the observation that the degree of
OWi田er
o 口 △
“Temperatu1・e effecゼis different among sea・
一15
30
⑪ to 2e
一10
sons, it is considered that the stability of the air
’「e叫re田tUreノ℃
mass, and the wind direction etc. fbr each sea・
0
ロSpring
{b)
菌
喝
響88φ◇ 諱E㍗・
Mザ皿
ビ
o
竺
son can be greatly related.
△Slm”trncr
口 △
・5
Vol.55, No.6
一le
3・2・2 Relationship betweenδ1℃and the
OAL血mn
OW配er
amount of precipitation
口
r=O,34
Relationship between the amount of precipi−
・t5
30
e lo 20
・Io
tation and δ田O values in precipitation at 3
T(m・pcratm i℃
points in Niigata Prefecture is shown in Fig.6.
o
ロSprir g
(・) 「=°・15 △
ま
一5
Sh㎞d
ざ
0
2
崎
・10
ロ㌢゜口㌦
“Amount eff已cゼ12}1怖)is genera且y found in
△S㎜r
these places,
◇At血」mn
OWi戊er
工norder to examine the seasonal behavior of
δ】℃in more detai1, the amount of precipitation
・15
・IO O EO 20 30
vs.δisO is represented per each season(Fig.7).
Terrrperatme/℃
Except winter, the relationship between the
Fig.4 Relationships between temperature andδisO
amount of precipitation at each sampling Point
values in precipitation at 3 points.(a):Sado,
andδisO values is relatively good. Poor rela−
(b):Niigata,(c):Shitada.
tionship in winter might be attributable to the
Spring
Su㎜古
0
o
(b)
(a)
△△
、HL.
遥
.5
T
巳口昨゜
り
ハ
誤
喝
.10
蝶△
ず
P三
口屑
o
竺
・10
臣
△
r=O.34
r = O.06
.Is
一15
O lO 20
.10
0 10 20
・IG
ヨ0
30
Tcrnperelv祀{℃)
T㎝P副UTe{℃)
Autumn
Win[er
0
o
(d)
(c)
͡ .5
ま
P
為
ぷ18
蓮’s
◇☆戯◇
ピ
r = O.57
£.1。
◇部
・lO
0
rxO.13
・15
・15
一tO
0 10 20
3e
・EO
0 10 20
30
Tcrnpmi加陀{℃}
T㎝P口ntLtre{℃)
Fig.5 Relationships between temperature andδi80 values in precipitati皿in each season.
(a)t Spring,(b): Summer,(c):Autumn,(d〕:Winter. 』
(8)
313
N. Kano et. al.:En、’ironmenial characteristics of precipitations based on both osygen stable isotopie ratio
Jun.2006
and cencentraEians of rare earth eieme皿s(REES)、thorium CTh},田raniu皿{U)in 1 ligat且prefecture
o
difficulty in estimating the amount of precipita−
口Sp萌l
Sado
△Sumler
ま ・5
;
宅一1。
競西。
⑧ e、AUtuam
O 口
△
tion because a large amount of snow falls in
Niigata Prefecture area in winter.
oWiner
r = O.3 fi
一E5
3・3 The concentrations of REEs, Th, U in
300
lOO 20e
〔〕
lbe atneurut ofpreclpintion i mm
prec1Pltatlon
0
口Sp醜
N㎏蜘
△ 〔1
ま ・5
曾◇ o[恥
6
(b)
品幽8ξ
㌔一10
The concentrations of REEs, Th, and U in
△S㎜r
OA恨㎜
sorne representative precipitations at 3 polnts
OWi雌er
in Niigata Prefecture are shown in Table 4.
[1
The relative standard deviation(RSD)of the
一15
o
100 ユ00 300
three replicated analyses of each sample was
The amoum。fprec輌t和nlml1・
ま 一5
5
less than lO%.
ロSp市9
e
緯.。㌃
Shhada △Smmr
The concentrations of REEs, Th, and U in
,三。ご
precipitations scarcely show significant di{董er−
三。−lo
ences among d櫛erent locations. However, the
concentra廿ons of REEs, Th, and U are largely
一15
0 100 200 ヨ0{〕
varied depending on season in any points. In
The{1mount ofp「ec乎自皿fOntmm
other words, the concentrations of REEs, Th,
Fig.6 Relationships between the amount of precipi−
and U in winter and/or spring are larger than
tation and δ路O values in precipitation at 3
points.(a):Sado,(b):Niigata,(c):Shitada.
those of summer and/or autumn.
Spring
SUITww
o
0
(b)
(a)
鍾一5
^ ・5
躁口・口
三
呈
△△
△△
δ
㌔
三.:o
一10
.Is
一悟
0 50 100 1SO ㎝} 250 淵ユ
0 1CO 200 3no
The amounl・fprcciPitnli加{㎜)
The㎜o皿t ofpn坤血tbn〔㎜)
AUtumn
W㎞
0
0
(c)
婁・s
5
私.10
r=e.01
^ ・5
i
(d)
0 09
け
P
陥
一Io
o
蓼15 −15
0 50 1CO 150 201〕 250 300
0 50 100 }割} 200 250 300
T}肥㎜olmt血fpr晦㎞w(㎜)
Tl暗ameunt ofp⇒蜘bn{mmハ
Fig.7 R,1・廿…hip・b・tween the am…t・f p・ecipit・廿。…dδ1℃・・1ues i・p・ecipitati°n
in each season.(a):Spring.(b):Summer,(c):Autumn.(d):Winter.
(9)
RADIOISOTOPES
314
Vol.55, No.6
The concentrations of REEs. Th. U(ng・dm}:りin some representative precipitations at 3 points in
Table 4
Niigata Prefecture
Sa叩b
NI
禍
N13
悼20
95.4
1据
11.9
Sl
舗
罰3
13.2
Izs
3M
円.7
三1ヨ IM
15.5
l19
57ア
1ヨ3
40.6 171
s20
KF 1
K山
に13
K−co
75.3
“2
1{i4
卿.:
76.6
199
Ei皿t
1罰
α
141
217
±6,5
Pr
15.R
25.1
3.50
±37
13.]
60.5
15,2
5.〔摺 18.7
Ll.3
9.61
±田
闇
5且O
9tL7
14.3
乱48
47.0
塑
57.5
18.呂 67.1
51.5
:&2
10、5
Sm
lユ4
2D.S
3.05
L69
9ユR
43、8
11.8
3.7n l↓6
10.4
7.68
1.91
291
5.力
0.{還]
0.‘th7
z24
10.2
ユ62
159 3ユR
3」胞
LR5
0.’乃2
田
13.1
nコ
ユア7
L46
tO.]
4L5
1e,75
3.工 14.6
lo.1
7.c2
1.go
’防
ユ[め
4.16
0.4描
0.細
153
7ユ1
1.75
0.721 ユ32
±02
1.加
O.3〒I
l.弛
吋
Io.1
m.8
ユ5±
Lヨ9
7」6
37.6
&ω
ユ堕 102
82且
6〔B
L61
Ib
ユ12
4,72
0517
0−3”
L56
7.」刃
L68
a642 zo8
ユ19
l.tS
0.354
0.917
IY
556
1z5
1.48
O.960
3、93
2田
4.16
1ro 5.47
5.14
3Ac)
Tm
0.875
231
0,1en
0.137
0.614
3.【5
a520
0.310 LOI
1.30
o.446
0.128
恥
4.81
11、3
l35
0.兜6
3、51
17.4
ZOS
1.40 4.64
4.65
3.03
0.769
0,舛1
Z33
0、229
0.1肘
α6万
3’ll
O.499
Th
10.2
19.6
3z7
ZIO
7.23
24
14.7
v
14.3
z4
3.8j
L68
17.e
唱,6
S.se
0L314 … 1.08
1.25
0、451
0,161
z16 118.4
9.10
Z17
zco
9.11 132
10.5
4,舛
1.19
The seasonal variations of the concentrations
of Sm and U in precipitation at 3 points are
80
shown in Fig.8. For other REEs and Th, simi−
(a)
一■−Sado
つ
已
F60
曽
≧
十N亘呂ala
1ar seasonal behavior to those of Sm and U was
十Sh治da
observed.
・: 40
From this figure, it was fbund that the con−
き
centrations of trace metallic elements(such as
§ 20
8
REEs, Th, and U)in precipitation in Niigata
0
Prefecture remarkably increase from winter to
8
8
§
5
「
一
spring especially in March. It is noteworthy
that pH vatues also remarkably increase in this
100
7
巨
〔
ぎ
)
season as shown in Table 1. Moreover, the con.
(b)
go
centrations of nss(non−sea sa▲t)−Ca2+ in this
60
season also extrernely increase at all 3 points.
・8
田
The concentrations of nss−Ca2÷is O.82−2.27
40
言
8
蓉
mg・dm{3 in the samples of Sado(Le., S5 to S9),
20
u
0.88−1.64mg・dm−3 in Niigata(L巳, N5 to N9),
e
8
,
and O.71−1.72 mg・dm−3 in Shitada(i.e., K5 to
8
冨
冒
h
「
K9),though the concentrations are almost Oユー
α2mg・dm−3in other seasons.
Fig.8 Seasonal variations of the concentrations of
It is considered that this must have been due
trace metaliic elements at 3 points in Niigata
to the yellow sand(so−called’Kosa”)from Eur一
Prefecture.(a}:Sm,(b):U.
(10)
3un・2鰯 x. Kanfi ei. al・ : Ent’lronrne融haraCle嬬頴随ipa議1▲縞a緬n齢・Σy卿縞1磁・加紬
315
a皿dc。ncen臨ong.⑪f㎜e e姐姐e醐s{REEsl、theriumiTh}.urani畑{Ul in Niisrala prefec蝋
asian Continent. Wc therefore suggest that the l∫酬
剛:…s・1,
t…em・t・ili・el−t・i・th・p・ecipit・ti・n 1、 ,,(a) 巨_s−_.、声一.、」
・ぷ・Sぷ
一為s..131
k’,・:ζ.s報
may be c3「「led w舳e yell“w sxnd.
@ 一’鷲≡誤:熟::悉禁
1.奪Σ一ll7
3・4 “REEs pattern”and sources of REEs in
Ln c’c Iヤ NL』 t…n) 陀u 〔輌己 1「b 1〕nL llo l:r 〕rm 、「b l−u
the precipitatiOM
1.OE刷
言
precipitation have three main types of
sourcesis)一1o):1)crustal source,2)oceanic source,
i−N・Il
…芸i
董ti§ge登erallyα)n§量dered that REEs▲n the
蕊
主
1.9E“5
1−o−N,・!{|,
..・h・←ぺ ・’一・,・ハ
].綴堪
巨
ぷ
抽封}?
aftd 3)aftthropogenic s()urce、
1」 Cε Pr 1,di ヨnl Eu GdTb D、 L‖o lヨTmYb Le
For the crustal so乳…rce、 the REE c◎mp◎si牡◎n
L旺唱
of shale may be taken as a rwference2i)・22). Fur−
i舗・ll
l“白一K・f㌧
i廿K・131
1、鱗i・鱒
ther, we determined the REE compositions of
,.,,...1.Wt−
怜一K.2‘Y
、F.介■一 一 一P −rml
seawatξぽtakeR{}ll th.e C〈}a§t in NiigRta】Pl「efec一
已re at 4 seasons(i.e.,22nd Apr.,ユ3th JuL,13th
1畷;・奪7
ね1 CC Pr N{I Sm }三u ‘}d Ttl D,・]鮎 1三r Tm Yh t.tt
Oct., and 7th De仁)in 2004 as a referenc{e fOr the
oceanic$ource. On the other hand、 the anthro−
F三9.9 Shaie・normaliz{2d REE patterns of t}le pr{2が
cipitatieB at’ 3 P◎撤s.(a):Sad◎.(b):Niigata,
poge董貢c s◎urぐe i§pr《}b盆bly characterlzed by
(c):Shitada.
light.REE(LREE)enrichment孤d low heavy−
REE(HREE)concentration20).
are加t so櫛er硫an}ongseas賠s,
Shaie・normalized REEs pattems in repre−
In the precipitati◎n§Ωf Shitada、 whi£h arパ登・
§eRting I)redp註ation at 3 pci:t§i:Niigatg Pごe−
fec加re from each season are shown in Fig.9.
cated less influenced by oceanic source than
The set of nor皿a泣ing values(i、e., the concen・
thosa of Sado and Niigata, the concentration of
trations of REEs in shaie)used in this study
REEs◎r REE P就tem§are fiet§o mu¢h diff§r−
was a§singed frgm the valwes gf “P◎§t−Archean
ent加m other 2 po泌s.
Australian average shale’(PAAS)21).
To inve$tigate the島ources of the REEs in the
From Fig.9, it is found that these samples in
precipitation in mo斑detaii, pbt of Nd/Yb vs.
e紬place(or each season)ge蹴al馳a∨e撫t
VYb in餌ecipiね加n at 3 P§i雄§in Ni三gata Pre−
patte埠i頭ea慧ng a shale一肱e compesiti皿迂t
fec如re is sh◎WR in Fig、10 by applying the
や ロ コ
is suggested that these precipltatlons are
method descrlbed in Zhang et al.19}、 The data
greatly affected by crustal s⑪urce (i.E}., soil ori・
of seawater analyz像d by our iaboratory is also
9ins). However, the c◎ncentra加ns登f La are
§hCWR iR the figure a§aどefe鬼ee董or the灘一
§light霊y high垣mO§t Of these§amp互es. Th艘e−
aRic source. The data of Chinese 1oses(Liu et
fore, it is considered that they would be influ−
ai.2帥)are als砧h。wn in this五gure.
enced by the component of the ar随ciai origin.
Fr⑪m Fig.10, a proper portion of mixing be−
As seema丘om the shale・n◎rma簸zed REE§餌㌻
tweea 3beve−meRtioned three c。m卿瓜s(i.e.,
tern§, the cgncentrati◎ns◎f REEs in也ese pre−
crustal, oceanic, and anthropogenic source)can
cipitations are largely variable depending on
account fOr the REE compo$itio!埴l variations
seasons in all 3 points, although REE patterns
for most⑪f the precipitation欝、正t is considered
(11)
RADIOISOTOPES
316
1000
Vol.55, Ne.6
The authors are grateful to Dr. N. Watanabe
of Research lnstitute for Hazards in Snowy Ar−
eas in Niigata University and Dr. K. Satoh of
100
Fac, of Sci. in Niigata University for permitting
D
zT
the use of the facilities and mass spectrometers.
臼[}
Part of this study was presented at the 42nd
「−neML−一”
O Sado
IO
“Annual Meeting on Radioisotope and Radia−
△
△ Niigata
Samples in
tion Researcピ(July 6−8,2005, Tokyo.).
Xト、:K・・一…Shi References
1
0.OI O.1 1 10 100
1)Kortelainen, N. M, and Karhu,」. A.,」, H:}・droi.,285,
1m〕/{ng・dm”3}−1
143−157(2004)
2)Deshpande. R. D., Bhatt註charya, S. K、, Jani, R. A.
Fig.10 Plot of Nd/Yb vs.1/Yb for the precipitatien
and Gupta, S. K,」. H),dro’.,271.22{}239(2003)
at 3 points in Niigata Prefecture. Data」for
3〕Sato, H., Muranaka. T.. Shima, N. and Takahashi,
the seawater analyzed by our laboratory
[SW]and for Chinese loses(data from Liu
S.,昆4、DIOISOTOP」ES,54,229・232(2005)
et al.1993)[CL]are also shown as refer−
4)Nakamura, T., Sa亡o. T.且nd Yasuhara, M,」Vihon
&f’monku8ak“Kaish’,32,135−147(2002)(in Japa−
ence.
nese)
5)Agata. S., Satake, H. and Tokuyama, A., C’”卿輌一
that larger 1/Yb values of the precipitations
kagaたtt,35,2741(2001)(in Japanese)
(than those of seawater and/or Chinese
6)Zhang, T、, Shan, X., Liu, R, Tang, H, and Zhang, S.,
loses)might be attributable to the influence of
Anai. Chem.,70,3964−3968(ユ998)
anthropogenic source,
7)Greaves、 M. J., Elder五eld, H. and Sholkovitz, E, R,
Moreover, it is worth noting that plots of the
Mar. Chem.,68,31−37(1999)
precipitations in“Kosa”season(shown as the
8)Sawatari, H., Toda, K., Sa□uka, T., Kimata, C,
open circle area in Fig.10)are closely located
Itoh. A. and Haraguchi, H., Bu’1. Chem. Soc, Jpn.,
68,3065−307⑪(ユ995)
to the sianting・line area in Chinese loses (CL)
9)Akagi, T. and Fu, F−E. BUNSEK’,2000,453459
area.工t is also suggested that these samples at
(2000)(in Japanese)
this season are strongly infiuenced by the yeL
10)Akagi. T., Hashimoto, Y., Fu, F・F, Tsuno, H., Tao,
low sand from the Continent.
H.and Nakano, Y., Ge●chim, Cosmoch’m. Acta,68,
From this work, the sources(and the charac−
2265−2273(2004)
teristics)of precipitations in Nliigata Prefecture
11)Henderson, P., Rare Earth Element Geochemis・
could be quantitatively clar迅ed to some extent.
try l Developments in Geochemistry 2, pp.153・
203,Elsevier, New York臼984)
The data obtained and the method used in this
12)Kano, N., Aihara, H, Kojima. R. Takeuchi, K.,
work can be usefUl f()r environmental preser.
Sato, A. and Imaizumi. H.,,FIA DIOISOTO」P」E∫,52,
コ
vatlon,
65−80(2003)(in Japanese)
13)1くano, N, Sato, A, and Imaizumi, H、, RAD’OISO一
Aeknowledgement島
ToPEs,53,415425(2004)Gn Japanese)
This work was supported, in part, by Sumi・
14)Watanabe, N., Yuhara, M, Sato,0., Suzuki, M.
tomo Foundation]Eor Promotion of Environ・
and Nakagawa・T・・A朋・Rep・Saigai−k・n, Niiga’a,
{ノlliv..20,109・114(1998)(in Japanese)
mental Research(No.033379).
(12)
Jttn.2006
N.Kano芒t、 aL:Enylronrn〔三nzal characteristicso{1}recipitationsbased{}:1 b田hoxyg{)1】stable isotopic rutio
317
and caneentratiens oi rare ear血elements(REEs〕,thoritim(Th)、GTanium tlLT i ilL Niig訓a pref㏄nlre
15)Takaku, Y., Kudo. Y., Kimura.」., Hayashi, T,, Ota,
(1999)
1..HasegaWa, H. and Ueda, S..8r‘iisek’κ‘ts’‘lkl‘,51,
2⑪)Zhang、」, and Liu, C.−Q、 Chent. Geot.,209.,315・3L6
539−544(2002)(in Japanese)
(2004}
16)Gunter Faure, Principles of Isotol)e Geolog>T,
21)Tayl{ハr. S. R. and McLennan、 S. H., Haiidbcx〕k〔m
PPメ129−459, John、Viley&Sons(1986}
the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Eartlls VoL 11,
17) ∼K「aseda. A. and Nakai. N., C’1’紗r滑血gαkl‘.,17,83・91
pp.485・578, ESg, evier, Amst{irdani(ユ988)
(1983)(in Japanese)
22}Taylor, S. R. and McLennan, S, H.. Reit 6eopi]y乱,
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33,241.265{1995)
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コ9)Zhang, J., Ishii, T叫Yoshida. S and Liu, C.−Q, Proc.
Zhang, J. and Fan, Z. L., Chc・,rl. G‘ro’.,106,359・374
of 5th International Symposium on Geochemi…;・
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try of the Earth°sSurface(Reykjavik),347−350
要
旨
酸素安定同位体比および希土類元素,トリウム,
ウラン濃度から見た
新潟県における降水の特徴
狩野直樹,菊池武大*,坂本信生*,今泉 洋,村山 等**,家合浩明**,大泉 rv***
新潟大学工学部化学システム工学科
*新潟大学大学院自然科学研究科
950−2ユ8] 新潟県新潟市五十嵐二の町8050
**新潟県保健環境科学研究所
950−2144 新潟県新潟市曽和314−1
***酸性雨研究センター
950−2144 新潟県新潟市曽和1182
新潟県における降水の特徴(あるいは起源)を探求するため,降水試料中の酸素安定同位体比及
び微量金属元素(希土類元素,Th, U)濃度を測定した。降水試料は県内3地点において,ろ過
式バルクサンプラを用いて,2003年12月から2004年12月の1年間,2週間ごとに採取した。
その結果,主として以下のことが明らかになった。(ユ)梅雨期において,降水中のδ1℃値は最
も低くなった。(2)δ1℃値に関して,本研究において“内陸効果“と’雨量効果“が概して見ら
れた。他方,・温度効果・は冬季においてのみ顕著に見られた。③降水中の微量金属元素の濃度は
春季に増加した。(4)降水中の希土類元素には,人為起源も無視できないものの・海洋起源の他・
地殻起源によるところが大きいと考えられる。
(13)
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