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TheNecessityofStructuralReformfortheDevelopmentofBangladesh

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仰
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),
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nJapan,TheD
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rDevelopment,I
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. Madane,M..V
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yandF
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:AnnualR
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tonFood
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u
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u陀 &R
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lAreai
nJapan,
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FY1999(Summary)
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:TheF
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)I
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35
バングラデシュにおける農業基盤改善の必要性
一日本農業の生産性を参考に
ラーマンモクサドウールシャイク・武田
(地域資源学研究室)
平成 1
4年 9月1
3日 受理
描 嬰
バングラデシュでは、
80%の人々が主に農産物の生産に基盤をおく農村部に住んでいる。気
象条件がまさに農産物の生産のために適合している。 1
9
7
1年の独立以降、農産物の生産に依存
する割合が徐々に増してはいるが、それでも人口増加の割合に比べて十分なものではない。
2
0
0
2
年までに食糧自給率の 1
0
0
%達成は、バングラデシュの五ヶ年計画の第 5番目の目標に
なっているが、その目標達成は最適な条件にうまく合致したときにのみ可能な数値である。 1
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
年度と 2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1年度のパングラデシュでは、 2
1
0
万 4千トンの米と 1
5
5万 6千トンの小
麦を輸入して、国民が必要とする最低限の食糧を満たしたに過ぎない。
このように、農業セクターには非常に大きい可能性があるものの、伝統的な農業生産基盤の
改善を国らなくては目標値を達成することが出来ない状況にある。バングラデシュの場合、一
方では人口が増加の一途をたどっているのに、他方では耕地が減少している。そのために少な
い耕地で栽培して、碁本的食糧の需要をより満たすために農業生産性の向上が不可欠なものに
なる。さらに作物の栽培活動をモニターするために何も適当な基盤がないばかりか、農業生産
者の効果的な組織もない状況にある。
そこで本論文は、日本の農産物、特に米と小麦の生産性を参考に比較し、生産コストを指標
にして考察したところ、バングラデシュの農業の生産基盤を改善し、グループ農業システムの
導入を進めるのがもっとも優れていると指摘できた。
また本研究と先行研究から、時に共同的農業(Collective farrning) と呼ばれるグループ農業
:
:o
の方が個人的な農業より生産効率をより効果的に発揮できることが、明らかになっ t
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