産総研におけるCO 地中貯留 技術開発の概要

Ⓨ⾲ෆᐜ
➨䠍䠑ᅇ ᆅᅪ㈨※⎔ቃ◊✲㒊㛛◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌఍
ᖹᡂ䠎䠔ᖺ䠍䠎᭶䠕᪥
⏘⥲◊䛻䛚䛡䜛CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ
䕔 ⏘⥲◊䛻䛚䛡䜛CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ䛾ᴫせ
- ᫖ᖺᗘ䜎䛷䛾⏘⥲◊䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏
- ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ
̺ᆅ໬Ꮫᙳ㡪䜢⪃៖䛧䛯㛗ᮇホ౯̺
䕔 ᆅ໬Ꮫᙳ㡪䜢⪃៖䛧䛯㛗ᮇホ౯
- 㖔≀䝖䝷䝑䝥䛾ᐃ㔞໬䛻ྥ䛡䛯㏿ᗘㄽⓗ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏
- 㐽ⶸᛶ⬟䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᆅ໬Ꮫᙳ㡪
ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲே ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ
ᆅᅪ㈨※⎔ቃ◊✲㒊㛛 CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃◊✲䜾䝹䞊䝥
䕔 䜎䛸䜑䛸௒ᚋ䛾ᒎᮃ
ᚂᚙ ṇኵ
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CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃䛻㛵䜟䜛R&D䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾᥎⛣
ᖹᡂ
12
Ᏻ඲ᛶホ౯
䠄㛗ᒸ䠅
⏘⥲◊䛻䛚䛡䜛CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃
ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ䛾ᴫせ
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஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᅇ཰䞉㈓ⶶ
Ᏻ඲ᛶホ౯ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ஦ᴗ
஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᅛᐃ໬䞉᭷ຠ฼⏝ᢏ⾡➼ᑐ⟇஦ᴗ
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஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲኱つᶍᆅ୰㈓␃
䛾Ᏻ඲⟶⌮ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ஦ᴗ
஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲
ᣲືண ᡭἲ
㛤Ⓨ஦ᴗ
᪥⡿MOU
኱つᶍᐇド
䠄Ɫᑠ∾䠅
஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲๐ῶᢏ⾡ᐇドヨ㦂஦ᴗ
ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ
஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ
ከᡂศAEゎᯒ䜢฼⏝䛧䛯
CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃䛾䛯䜑䛾ᆅୗ
᝟ሗᢳฟᢏ⾡䛾㛤Ⓨ
ᙎᛶἼ᥈ᰝ䜢⿵᏶䛩䜛CO2ᣲືホ౯ᢏ⾡䛾㛤Ⓨ
஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲㧗⢭ ₃ὤ䝸䝇䜽ホ౯䛾
ᗘᆅ୰ᣲືண 䛯䜑䛾ᇶ♏◊✲
ᡭἲ䛾◊✲
㛗ᮇᣲືண 䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁
䝰䝕䝹䛾㧗⢭ᗘ໬➼䛾◊✲
⏘⥲◊
䝘䝏䝳䝷䝹䞉䜰䝘䝻䜾䛻䜘䜛
஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᆅ୰㝸㞳䛾⎔ቃᙳ㡪
ཬ䜃Ᏻ඲⟶⌮䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲
᭱㐺䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾タィᢏ⾡䛻㛵䛩䜛ඛᑟ◊✲
3
CO2ᅽධᡭἲ䛾㐺ṇホ౯䛸
CO2㈓␃ᒙ䛾೺඲ᛶホ౯
ప䝁䝇䝖䛺䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᢏ⾡ཬ䜃
᩿ᒙ䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾ᡭἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ
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⏘⥲◊䛻䛚䛡䜛CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃◊✲䜈䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏
㼔㻕㻌ᾏᗏୗᆅᒙ䜈䛾㻯㻻㻞䛾ᙳ㡪ホ౯
㼑㻕㻌䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䜛㛗ᮇᣲືண ᡭἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ
㼒㻕㻌῝㒊ᆅୗỈὶື䛾ᙳ㡪ホ౯
㼕㻕㻌Ᏻ඲ᛶホ౯
ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ䛸䛿
ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ䛿䚸⏘ᴗάື䛻䛚䛔䛶฼⏝䛥䜜䜛ᢏ⾡䛻㛵䛧䛶䚸⤌ྜဨ䛜⮬䜙䛾䛯䜑䛻
ඹྠ◊✲䜢⾜䛖┦஫ᢇຓ⤌⧊䠄኱⮧ㄆྍἲே䠅䚹ྛ⤌ྜဨ䛿䚸◊✲⪅䚸◊✲㈝䚸タഛ➼
䜢ฟ䛧䛒䛳䛶ඹྠ◊✲䜢⾜䛔䚸䛭䛾ᡂᯝ䜢ඹྠ䛷⟶⌮䛧䚸⤌ྜဨ┦஫䛷ά⏝䛩䜛䚹
㼓㻕㻌㈓␃䝃䜲䝖㑅ᐃ䛾䛯䜑䛾ᆅ㉁䝕䞊䝍䛾ᩚഛ
ゎỴ䛩䜉䛝ㄢ㢟
኱つᶍ᤼ฟ※
䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᖏỈᒙෆ
䛷㈓␃䛥䜜䜛䛛?
(㈓␃䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮)
- ⣼ィ⤌ྜタ❧ᩘ䠖 252
䠄1961ᖺ௨㝆䠅
᩿ᒙ
- ⌧ᅾ䛾⤌ྜᩘ䠖 45
䠄2016ᖺ4᭶⌧ᅾ䠅
䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻 ┘ど䞉ண 䛩䜛䛛? (䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䚸
䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾)
- ⏘⥲◊䛾ຍධ⤌ྜᩘ䠖22
䠄2016ᖺ7᭶⌧ᅾ䠅
䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻♫఍䛾
ྜព䜢ᚓ䜛䛛?
(Ᏻ඲ᛶホ౯)
- ⏘⥲◊䞉ᆅ㉁㡿ᇦ䛷䛿ึ
㼍㻕㻌㻯㻻㻞㻙ᆅᒙỈ㻙ᒾ▼┦஫స⏝䛾ゎ᫂
㼎㻕㻌㻯㻻㻞ᣲື䛾䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᢏ⾡䛾㛤Ⓨ
㼏㻕㻌㻯㻻㻞䛻ᑐ䛩䜛䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽➼䛾㐽ⶸᛶ⬟ホ౯
㼐㻕㻌㻯㻻㻞䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᒾ▼䛾ຊᏛⓗ
Ᏻᐃᛶホ౯
(http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/tech_promotion/kenkyuu/01.html)
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஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ
஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ
Geological Carbon Dioxide Storage Technology Research Association
Geological Carbon Dioxide Storage Technology Research Association
䐟⮬↛ᆅ㟈䜔ᚤᑠ᣺ືほ ⤖ᯝ䜢ᇶ䛻
䛧䛯䚸㻭㼀㻸㻿䠄㼍㼐㼢㼍㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌㼠㼞㼍㼒㼒㼕㼏㻌㼘㼕㼓㼔㼠㻌
㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙䠅䛻䜘䜛ᅽධᏳ඲⟶⌮
䐠ග䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䜢฼⏝䛧䛯ᆅᒙᏳᐃᛶ䜔
ᗫᆙ஭䛾೺඲ᛶ┘ど
䐡ᅽධ୰䛾㻯㻻㻞ᣲື䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䜢ᇶ䛻
䛧䛯䚸ᅽධᚋ䛾㛗ᮇᣲືண 䐢㻯㻻㻞ᅽධ஭䜔ᅽຊ⦆࿴஭䛾᭱㐺㓄⨨
ཬ䜃㈓␃⋡ྥୖ
䐣㻯㻻㻞㈓␃Ᏻ඲ᛶ⟶⌮䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䠄㻵㻾㻼䠅
䛾ᵓ⠏
䛆タ ❧䛇 䠎䠌䠍䠒ᖺ䠐᭶
䛆⌮஦㛗䛇 ᒣᆅ ᠇἞䠄බ┈㈈ᅋἲேᆅ⌫⎔ቃ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲ᶵᵓ ⌮஦ ◊✲ᡤ㛗䠅
䛆⤌ྜဨ䛇 4♫䞉2ᶵ㛵
ᛂ⏝ᆅ㉁䠄ᰴ䠅䚸ᅜ㝿▼Ἔ㛤Ⓨᖇ▼䠄ᰴ䠅䚸▼Ἔ㈨※㛤Ⓨ䠄ᰴ䠅䚸
኱ᡂᘓタ䠄ᰴ䠅䚸ᆅ⌫⎔ቃ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲ᶵᵓ䚸⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ
䛆┠ ⓗ䛇 Ᏻ඲䛛䛴኱つᶍ䞉ຠ⋡ⓗ䛺CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡䛾ᐇ⌧䛻ྥ䛡䛶䚸䜟䛜ᅜ䛾
㈓␃ᒙ䛻㐺䛧䛯ᐇ⏝໬つᶍ䠄100୓䝖䞁䠋ᖺ䠅䛷䛾CO2ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡䜢
㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸CCS䛾♫఍ཷᐜᛶ䛾⋓ᚓ䜢ᚿྥ䛧䛯◊✲㛤Ⓨ䜢⾜䛖䚹
䛆◊✲ᴫせ䛇
䠍䠊஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᅽධ䞉㈓␃䛾Ᏻ඲⟶⌮ᢏ⾡䛾☜❧
䠎䠊኱つᶍ㈓␃ᒙ᭷ຠᅽධ䞉฼⏝ᢏ⾡䛾☜❧
䠏䠊CCSᬑཬ⎔ቃᩚഛ䞉ᇶ‽䛾ᩚഛ
䛆ᐇ᪋䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ྡ䛇
⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ 䛂஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲኱つᶍᆅ୰㈓␃䛾Ᏻ඲⟶⌮ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ஦ᴗ䛃
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ฟ඾䠖஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ᆅ୰㈓␃ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜ
(http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/tech_promotion/kenkyuu/saishin/45.pdf)
⏘⥲◊䛾ᙺ๭
㈓␃䛧䛯CO2䛾㛗ᮇ䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᢏ⾡䜔䚸Ỉ⌮䠉ຊᏛ㐃ᡂゎᯒᢏ⾡䚸
ᆅ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ㏿ᗘ ᐃᢏ⾡䛺䛹䚸⏘⥲◊䛜⊂⮬䛻᭷䛩䜛ඃ఩ᛶ䛾䛒䜛䝁䜰ᢏ⾡䜢ᇶ䛻䚸
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢᥎㐍
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㖔≀䝖䝷䝑䝥䛾ᐃ㔞໬䛻ྥ䛡䛯㏿ᗘㄽⓗ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏
CO2䛾ᆅୗỈ䜈䛾⁐ゎ → ᆅୗỈ䛾㓟ᛶ໬ → ᒾ▼䛾⁐ゎ → CO2䛾㖔≀໬
ᆅ໬Ꮫᙳ㡪䜢⪃៖䛧䛯㛗ᮇホ౯
䝖䝷䝑䝥䛾๭ྜ 䠄䠂䠅
ᵓ㐀䛚䜘䜃
ᒙ఩䝖䝷䝑䝥
ṧ␃䜺䝇
䝖䝷䝑䝥
㈓␃Ᏻ඲ᛶ䛾ቑຍ
⁐ゎ䝖䝷䝑䝥
㖔≀䝖䝷䝑䝥
ὀධ⤊஢䛛䜙䛾᫬㛫 䠄ᖺ䠅
(IPCC, 2005)
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10
㖔≀䝖䝷䝑䝥䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮
≉ᐃ䛾䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛻ὀ┠䛩䜛
Ⅳ㓟Ỉ䛻䜘䜚䜿䜲㓟ሷ㖔≀䛜⁐ゎ䛧䚸䠎౯䛾㝧䜲䜸䞁䛜⁐ฟ
Ca2+䚸Mg2+䚸Fe2+
䠎౯䛾㝧䜲䜸䞁䛸⁐ᏑⅣ㓟ᡂศ䛜⤖ྜ䛧䛶Ⅳ㓟ሷ㖔≀䛜ᡂ㛗
HCO3-䚸CO32-
䜹䞁䝷䞁▼䠖 Mg2SiO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O → 2MgCO3 + H4SiO4
⺬⣠▼䠖
Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 + 3CO2 + 2H2O → 3MgCO3 + 2H4SiO4
㍤▼䠖
FeSiO3 + CO2 + 2H2O → FeCO3 + H4SiO4
㛗▼䠖
CaAl2Si2O8 + CO2 + 2H2O → CaCO3 + Al2Si2O5(OH)4
䜿䜲㓟ሷ㖔≀䛜Ⅳ㓟ሷ㖔≀䛻⨨䛝᥮䛘䜙䜜䜛
11
㖔≀䛾཯ᛂ㏿ᗘᘧ
Rate = k Ae-Ea/RTПaini f('Gr)
k:
཯ᛂ㏿ᗘᐃᩘ
A:
཯ᛂ⾲㠃✚
Ea:
άᛶ໬䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊
R:
Ẽయᐃᩘ
T:
ᗘ
ai:
໬Ꮫ✀ i 䛾ά㔞
f('Gr): 䜼䝤䝇⮬⏤䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ኚ໬
'Gr = RT ln (Q / Keq) = RT ln :
: : 㣬࿴ᗘ
Q : άືᗘ✚
Keq: ᖹ⾮ᐃᩘ
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䝘䝜䝇䜿䞊䝹䛷 䜛
఩┦䝅䝣䝖ᖸ΅ィ䛾㐺⏝
- 䝘䝜䛾ศゎ⬟
- 㠀◚ቯ
- ▷䛔ィ ᫬㛫
- ᗈ䛔ほ ど㔝
- 䛭䛾ሙほᐹ
⌧ሙ䠄 Ἠ䠅䛷཯ᛂ䛥䛫䜛
໭ᾏ㐨䜴䝖䝻 Ἠ
- ྵCO2ሷ໬≀Ἠ
- ୰ሷ⃰ᗘ䚸୰Mg/Caẚ
⁐ゎ
CCD䜹䝯䝷
⩌㤿┴ෆྛ Ἠ
- ྵCO2ሷ໬≀Ἠ
- ୰䡚㧗ሷ⃰ᗘ䚸ప䡚㧗Mg/Caẚ
኱ศ┴㛗‫ ‮‬Ἠ
- ᅜෆ᭷ᩘ䛾Ⅳ㓟Ἠ䛸Ⅳ㓟Ỉ⣲ሷἨ
- పሷ⃰ᗘ䚸㧗Mg/Caẚ
PC
ᾮᬗ䝸䝍䞊䝎䞊
O/4Ἴ㛗ᯈ
೫ගᯈ
Ỉ㖟䝷䞁䝥
ᡂ㛗
䝣䜱䝹䝍䞊
ᖹ⾜ᖹ㠃䝥䝸䝈䝮
࿴ḷᒣᕷෆྛ Ἠ
- ሷ໬≀Ἠ
- 㧗ሷ⃰ᗘ䚸㧗Mg/Caẚ
ᑐ≀䝺䞁䝈
ヨᩱ
༓ⴥ┴㟷ᇼ Ἠ
- ሷ໬䝘䝖䝸䜴䝮Ἠ
- ୰ሷ⃰ᗘ䚸㧗Mg/Caẚ
ཧ↷䝭䝷䞊
ᒣ᲍┴ቑᐩ Ἠ
ⓑ὾ Ἠ
- ሷ໬≀Ἠ
- ྵCO2ሷ໬≀Ἠ
- ୰ሷ⃰ᗘ䚸୰Mg/Caẚ - ୰ሷ⃰ᗘ䚸పMg/Caẚ
㖄┤ศゎ⬟䠖 1 nm (O/4㽢1/256)
Ỉᖹศゎ⬟䠖 1 Pm
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14
䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘ䛾 ᐃ䠄ቑᐩ Ἠ䠅
䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘ䛾㣬࿴ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ
3. ᾎᵴ᥃䛡ཱྀ┤ୗ
4. ᾎᵴෆ䛾⦕
5. ᾎᵴእ᤼Ỉཱྀ
60
40
20
0
5
10
15
20
60
40
20
0
0
5
10
Time (h)
60
40
20
10
20
0
0
5
10
15
20
Time (h)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
1
2
Time (h)
15
20
80
60
40
20
0
0
5
10
3
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1
2
Time (h)
20
11. ⏝Ỉ㊰
10000
0
15
Time (h)
10. 㐨㊰
Height difference (nm)
80
5
40
100
Time (h)
7. ᤼Ỉ㊰-ഴᩳ㒊ୖ➃ 9. 㝵ẁ
Height difference (nm)
Height difference (nm)
100
0
20
60
Time (h)
6. ᤼Ỉ㊰-ᖹᆠ㒊
0
15
80
Height difference (nm)
0
80
100
Height difference (nm)
80
100
Height difference (nm)
100
Height difference (nm)
Height difference (nm)
-2
-1
2. ᾎᵴ᥃䛡ཱྀ
Growth rate (mol m s )
1. ㈓‫‮‬ᵴ
3
10000
8000
10
-4
10
-5
10
-6
10
-7
10
-8
10
-9
0
0.5
1
4000
2000
0
0
1
2
3
Time (h)
8. ᤼Ỉ㊰-ഴᩳ㒊ୗ➃
15
1.5
Saturation index (log ˖)
6000
16
2
10
ྛ✀Ⅳ㓟ሷ㖔≀䛾ᡂ㛗᮲௳
-4
10
ᣑᩓᚊ㏿
10
-5
10
-6
10
-7
10
-8
10
-9
Normalized salinity
-2
-1
Growth rate (mol m s )
ኳ↛䛻䛚䛡䜛䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖䛾ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘ
⾲㠃ᚊ㏿
ቑᐩ Ἠ
㟷ᇼ Ἠ
㛗‫ ‮‬Ἠ
⩌㤿┴ෆ Ἠ
࿴ḷᒣᕷෆ Ἠ
ⓑ὾ Ἠ
䜴䝖䝻 Ἠ
0
1
2
㧗㻹㼓䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖䠇
䜰䝷䝂䝘䜲䝖䛾
Ᏻᐃ㡿ᇦ
1
0.1
䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖䛾Ᏻᐃ㡿ᇦ
0.01
Calcite
Calcite+Aragonite
Aragonite
No reaction
0.001
3
䝗䝻䝬䜲䝖䛾Ᏻᐃ㡿ᇦ
0.1
Saturation index (log ˖)
1
10
Mg/Ca (mol)
- 䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖䛾⌧ሙ䛷䛾ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘ䛿䚸⌮ㄽᘧ䛸ẚ㍑䛧䛶኱䛝䛟పୗ䚹
- Ᏻᐃ㡿ᇦ䛸⏕ᡂ㡿ᇦ䛿ᚲ䛪䛧䜒୍⮴䛧䛺䛔䚹㐣㣬࿴ᗘ䛰䛡䛛䜙⏕ᡂ┦䛾ண 䛿䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹
- ᚑ᮶䛾ᆅ໬Ꮫ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䚸Ⅳ㓟ሷ䛾ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘ䜢㐣኱ホ౯䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䚹
- వ๫䛾Mg䛿䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖䛾ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘ䜢䛥䜙䛻㐜ᘏ䛥䛫䜛ຠᯝ䛒䜚䚹
17
18
ᆅ໬Ꮫ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛜ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪
䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽䛾㐽ⶸᛶ⬟
ẟ⟶ᅽ䠖 㟼ⓗ䛺䝅䞊䝹
Pc > Pb : 䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽䛜CO2䜢䝅䞊䝹
䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽
㖔≀䛾⁐ゎ
㐽ⶸᛶ⬟
䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽
᩿ᒙ䜺䜴䝆
ᆙ஭䝉䝯䞁䝖
⢓ᅵ㖔≀
Pc ӌ Pb : 䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽䛛䜙CO2䛜䝤䝺䞊䜽䝇䝹䞊
㟼Ỉᅽ
䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽
㛫㝽Ỉ
ẟ⟶ᅽ
㉸⮫⏺CO2
ᾋຊ
Pc, entry
Pc, entry < Pc
< Pc, threshold
Pc, threshold Pc, threshold
<< Pc
(Hildenbrand et al., 2002)
Ⅳ㓟ሷ㖔≀䛾ᡂ㛗
⎔ቃᙳ㡪
ᆅᒙỈ䠄pH䚸ᚤ㔞ඖ⣲䠅
ὀධຠ⋡䞉㈓␃㔞
㈓␃ᒾᏍ㝽⋡䚸ᾐ㏱⋡
䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖
㈓␃ᒾ㖔≀䛾⁐ゎ
䝇䝺䝑䝅䝵䝹䝗ᅽ Pcth: CO2䛜ᒾ▼䜢᭱ึ䛻㈏㏻䛩䜛㝿䛾ẟ⟶ᅽ
ᾐ㏱⋡䠖 ືⓗ䛺䝅䞊䝹
ᒾ ✀
㛗▼
ᾐ㏱⋡ (darcy)
ᒾ ✀
ᾐ㏱⋡ (darcy)
◁ᒾ
3.1㽢10-5 – 6.2㽢10-1
ᒾሷ
1.0㽢10-7 – 1.0㽢10-5
䝅䝹䝖ᒾ
1.0㽢10-6 – 1.5㽢10-3
◳▼⭯
4.2㽢10-8 – 2.1㽢10-3
▼⅊ᒾ, 䝗䝻䝬䜲䝖
1.0㽢10-4
–
6.2㽢10-1
䝅䜵䞊䝹
1.0㽢10-8 – 2.1㽢10-4
䜹䝹䝇䝖▼⅊ᒾ
1.0㽢10-1
–
2.1㽢103
(Domenico and Schwartz, 1998)
19
20
㛫㝽ᅽୖ᪼䠄᭷ຠᅽపୗ䠅䛻䜘䜛
㐽ⶸᛶ⬟䜈䛾ᙳ㡪䜢᳨ド
᭷ຠᅽపୗ䛻䜘䜚䚸ᾐ㏱⋡䛜ቑຍ䚸䝇䝺䝑䝅䝵䝹䝗ᅽ䛜ῶᑡ
ᆒ୍⢏ᚄ䛾᭱ᐦ඘ሸᵓ㐀
䝇䝺䝑䝅䝵䝹䝗ᅽ
᭱ᐦ඘ሸ䛛䜙䛾䛪䜜䛾ຠᯝ
⢏Ꮚᙧ≧䞉㖔≀⤌ᡂ䛾
ຠᯝ
⢏ᚄศᕸ䛾ຠᯝ
⢏Ꮚᙧ≧䞉㖔≀⤌ᡂ䛾ຠᯝ
Threshold pressure (kPa)
4
10
2
10
0
10
-2
10
-4
10
-6
⢊○䝅䝸䜹㻙㻜㻚㻝㻌
⢊○䝅䝸䜹㻙㻝㻜
ᖹᯈ䝅䝸䜹
ᖹᯈ䝅䝸䜹㻙㻜㻚㻝
ᖹᯈ䝅䝸䜹㻙㻝㻜
䝬䜲䜹
10
˩㼙䝡䞊䝈
5
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Reaction time (h)
Reaction time (h)
▼ⱥ
ᩳ㛗▼
䡲䢕䡷䡮䢀
A
ᾉⰼᒙἾᒾ
䕧
䠇
䠉
B
኱ཎᒙἾᒾ
䕧
䠇
䠇
C
୍ᚿᒙἾᒾ
䠇
䠇
D
஬᪥ᕷ⏫ᒙ⩌Ἶ⅊ᒾ
䕧
E
኱Ἡ᭷Ꮝ⹸◁ᒾ
䠇
䠇
䕿
F
⅊∎ᒙ▼⅊㉁㈅ᒌ◁ᒾ
䠉
䠉
䕿
˩㼙䝡䞊䝈
˩㼙䝡䞊䝈
ᖹᯈ䝅䝸䜹㻙㻝
10
䢀䢚䢗䢋䡮䢀
䡸䡿䢚䢓䡮䢀
䡺䢚䡱䢓䡮䢀
㞼ẕ
⥳Ἶ▼
䠉
䠉
䡹䢎䡴䡼䡮䢀
˩㼙䝡䞊䝈
˩㼙䝡䞊䝈
⢊○䝅䝸䜹㻙㻝
3
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
ᒾ▼ヨᩱ
ᆒ୍⢏ᚄ
ΰྜ⢏ᚄ
⢊○䝅䝸䜹
10
Crack
formation
ረᛶኚᙧᚋ䛿ᒾ✀䛻䜘䜙䛪
୍ᐃ䛾䝖䝺䞁䝗ୖ䛷᥎⛣
ᒾ▼䛾䜀䜙䛴䛝䛾⠊ᅖ䜢
᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䝰䝕䝹䛾ᵓ⠏
4
10
0
ᾐ㏱⋡
10
Permeability (mD)
ேᕤヨᩱ䛻䜘䜚䚸㐽ⶸᛶ⬟䛻ཬ䜌䛩
⢏Ꮚᵓ㐀䛾ຠᯝ䜢ᐃ㔞໬
Threshold pressure (kPa)
ᆅ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂ䛜㐽ⶸᛶ⬟䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪
䝇䝺䝑䝅䝵䝹䝗ᅽ䠉ᾐ㏱⋡䛾┦㛵ᛶ䛾䝰䝕䝹໬
˩㼙䝡䞊䝈
2
䠉
䠉
䠇
䠉
䠉
䕿
䝇䝺䝑䝅䝵䝹䝗ᅽ䛾ୗ㝈䛾᥎ᐃ
10
1
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
Permeability (mD)
䠉
䕿 Large amount; 䕧 Middle amount; 䠇 Small amount; 䠉 Trace amount
21
22
⏺㠃ຠᯝ䛻䜘䜛㛗ᮇ㐽ⶸᛶ⬟䜈䛾ᙳ㡪
᥋ゐゅ᥎ᐃ䛾᪂䛯䛺䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏
Pc = 2σ cosθ / r
Pc: ẟ⟶ᅽ
σ: ⏺㠃ᙇຊ
θ: ᥋ゐゅ
r: 䝇䝻䞊䝖ᚄ
▼ⱥ䠉Ỉ䠄ሷỈ䠅̺CO2⣔䛷䛾Ỉ䛾᥋ゐゅ (Iglauer et al., 2014)
- 㧗᥋ゐゅ䠄θ >45º䠅䛷䛿cosθ䛾್䛿θ䛾ኚ໬䛻ᩄឤ䚹
- ᥋ゐゅ䛿㖔≀✀䛻䜘䜚ኚ໬䚹
䠄䜹䝹䝃䜲䝖䠘▼ⱥ䠘㛗▼䠘㞼ẕ: Farokhpoor et al., 2013䠅
䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽
Pw
э θ䛾䜟䛪䛛䛺ኚ໬䛜Pc䛻ᙳ㡪
㖔≀཯ᛂ䛻䜘䜛
ᒾ▼⾲㠃ᨵ㉁
ᆅᒙỈ
Pc
˰
㈓␃ᒙ
θ
CO2䛜ୖ᪼
r
Pnw
CO2䠉Ỉ⣔䛷䛿θ䛿0º䛷䛿䛺䛔
䠄45º௨ୖ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒䛒䜛䠅
㉸⮫⏺CO2
θ䛿䛝䜟䜑䛶䜀䜙䛴䛝䛜኱䛝䛔䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍
э ᐃ⤖ᯝ䛾ಙ㢗ᛶ䛿ప䛔
䝇䝻䞊䝖ᚄ᪤▱䛾ᒾ▼䛾Pc ᐃ䛻䜘䜚θ䜢㏫⟬
- ㄗᕪせᅉ䛸䛺䜛ᾮ⁲ไᚚ䛜୙せ
- 䝞䝹䜽䛾≀ᛶ್䛸䛧䛶䛾ྲྀᚓ䛜ྍ⬟
䠄༢య㖔≀䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ྵἾ⋡䛺䛹䛷୍⯡໬䠅
㖔≀䛾⁐ゎ䜔஧ḟ㖔≀䛾ỿẊ䛺䛹䚸䜻䝱䝑䝥䝻䝑䜽⾲㠃䛾ᨵ㉁䛻䜘䜚᥋ゐゅ䛜ኚ໬
㛗ᮇⓗ䛻䛿㐽ⶸᛶ⬟䛜పୗ䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛒䜚
23
24
ᆅ໬Ꮫ◊✲䛾௒ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟
CO2䛾㖔≀໬䛻㐣ᗘ䛾ᮇᚅ䛿⚗≀䚹
୍᪉䛷䚸㈓␃䛧䛯CO2䛾㛗ᮇⓗᣲື䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛ດຊ䛿ᚲせ䚹
- 㖔≀䝖䝷䝑䝥䛾᫬㛫ⓗ䞉✵㛫ⓗ䝇䜿䞊䝹䛾ᐃ㔞໬
䜎䛸䜑䛸௒ᚋ䛾ᒎᮃ
- 㐽ⶸᛶ⬟䛚䜘䜃ᅽධᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᆅ໬Ꮫ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ᙳ㡪
- Ỉ⌮䠉ຊᏛ䠉ᆅ໬Ꮫ㐃ᡂゎᯒᡭἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ
ᆅ໬Ꮫ䝥䝻䝉䝇ᛂ⏝䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾᳨ウ
- ㈓␃ᒙ㖔≀䛾⁐ゎ
э ᅽධᛶ䛾ᨵၿ
- CO2䛾䝀䝹໬䞉㖔≀໬ э ⥭ᛴ᫬䛾CO2₃ὤ೵Ṇ
- CO2䛾㖔≀໬ಁ㐍
э 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䛾᪩ᮇ⤊஢
ᆅ໬Ꮫ䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢ά⏝䛧䛯CO2䛾ቑ㐍㈓␃ᢏ⾡䛾㛤Ⓨ
(ECS: Geochemically Enhanced CO2 Storage)
25
26
⏘⥲◊䛾ᯝ䛯䛩䜉䛝ᙺ๭
䕔 ᐇ⏝໬䞉஦ᴗ໬䛾ಁ㐍
- 䝋䝣䝖㠃䛾ᣑ඘
♫఍䛜Ᏻᚰ䛩䜛▱ぢ䜔᝟ሗ䛾ᥦ౪
- 䝖䞊䝍䝹䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛧䛶䛾䝁䝇䝖పῶ
䛤Ύ⫈䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤䛦䛔䜎䛧䛯
䕔 ᢏ⾡◊✲⤌ྜෆ䛷䛾㐃ᦠᙉ໬
䕔 ␗ศ㔝䜈䛾ᛂ⏝
27
28