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Title 高密度バイオマスブリケットの着火燃焼特性∼バイオマス の
\n Title Author(s) Citation 高密度バイオマスブリケットの着火燃焼特性∼バイオマス のエネルギー利用に向けて∼ 伊東, 弘行, Ito, Hiroyuki, 井田, 民男, Ida, Tamio, 藤田, 修, Fujita, Osamu 神奈川大学工学研究所所報, 36: 16-21 Date 2013-11-29 Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Rights publisher KANAGAWA University Repository 㧗ᐦᗘࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺࡢ╔ⅆ⇞↝≉ᛶ 㹼 ࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮⏝ྥࡅ࡚ 㹼 ఀᮾ ᘯ⾜㸨㸪⏣Ẹ⏨㸨㸨㸪⸨⏣ಟ㸨㸨㸨 Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Highly Densified Biomass Briquette Hiroyuki ITO㸨, Tamio IDA㸨㸨, Osamu FUJITA㸨㸨㸨 㸯㸬⥴ゝ ࡢ◊✲ㄽᩥࡋ࡚☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ ᆅ⌫ ᬮ࠾ࡼࡧ▼⇞ᩱ㈨※ᯤῬࡢၥ㢟ࡽ㸪㏆ᖺ ࡿ㸬〇㐀ࡋࡓࣂ࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࢆ⇞↝ࡋ࡚࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆྲྀ ⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࣮࢝࣎ࣥࢽ࣮ࣗ ࡾฟࡍୖ࡛㸪⇞ᩱࡢ⇞↝≉ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪ຠ⋡ࡢ ࢺࣛࣝࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ⫼ᬒࡍࡿ᳜≀⏤᮶ࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࡢ⇞ᩱ ࡼ࠸᭱㐺࡞⇞↝ᶵჾࡢタィ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡛ ࡶࡑࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࣮࢝࣎ࣥࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝࡣ㸪᳜ ࠶ࡿ㸬 ≀ࡀẼ୰ࡽ྾ࡍࡿ㓟Ⅳ⣲㔞㸪ࡑࡢ᳜≀ࢆࣂ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㧗ᐦᗘᅛయࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ ࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࡋ࡚⇞↝ࡋࡓ㝿ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㓟Ⅳ⣲ ࣂ࢜ࢥ࣮ࢡࢫ(Bio-coke㸸௨ୗ BIC ⾲グ)(8)ࢆ㸪⇞↝⅔ 㔞ࢆᆒ⾮ࡉࡏࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕẼ୰ࡢ㓟Ⅳ⣲㔞ࢆேⅭ ࡛ຍ⇕ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢ⇕ศゎ࣭╔ⅆ࣭⇞↝≉ᛶࢆㄪࡓ㸬BIC ⓗάືࡼࡗ࡚ቑࡉࡏ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣂ࢜ ࡣ㸪㕲⁐ゎ⅔ࡢ▼Ⅳࢥ࣮ࢡࢫ௦᭰⇞ᩱࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ ࣐ࢫࡢ⇞ᩱ⏝ࡣྂࡃࡽ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶⓎᒎ 㧗ᐦᗘ࣭㧗◳ᗘࡢࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺࡢ⛠࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ㏵ୖᅜࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ࣂ࣐࢜ࢫᅛయࢆ┤᥋⇞↝ࡍࡿࡇ ᮌ㉁ᮦࡣㄽࡢࡇᗫᲠ≀➼࠶ࡽࡺࡿ᳜≀⏤᮶ࡢࣂ࢜ ࡼࡾᗈࡃ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(1)㸬ᅛయࣂ࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࡢ ࣐ࢫᮦࡽ〇㐀࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡽ㸪ཎᮦᩱ㈨※ㄪ㐩ࡀẚ㍑ ⏝ᙧែࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣂ࣐࢜ࢫᮦࢆࢳࢵࣉ≧ࡸᚤ⢊≧⢊ ⓗᐜ᫆ࡘపࢥࢫࢺ࠸࠺≉㛗ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᚋ㸪BIC ⇞ᩱ ○ࡋ࡚⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸪࣌ࣞࢵࢺࡸࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺ 1 ḟຍᕤ ࡢά⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪BIC ࡢ⇞↝ ࡋ࡚⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸪ࡲࡓⅣ࣭࢞ࢫࡢ⏕≀ࡋ࡚ᚓ ≉ᛶ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࡢᅛయࣂ࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱྠᵝᇶ♏◊ ࡽࢀࡿࢳ࣮ࣕࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࣂ࣐࢜ࢫᮦࢆᅽ ✲ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪BIC ࡢᇶ♏⇞↝≉ᛶ㸪ࡃ࣮࣎ࣛ⇞↝ ⦰ᡂᙧࡋ࡚࣌ࣞࢵࢺࡸࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪࢚ࢿࣝ ⅔➼ࢆᐃࡋࡓ⇞↝≉ᛶ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ➹⪅ࡽࡢ◊✲(9-11)ࢆ ࢠ࣮ᐦᗘࢆࡁࡃฟ᮶ࡿࡇࡽ㈓ⶶࡸ㍺㏦ࢥࢫࢺࢆ๐ 㝖࠸࡚ࢇぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ᚋ㸪BIC ࡢ⏝⠊ᅖᣑ ῶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪⇞ᩱࡢᆒ㉁ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡽ⇞ᩱ ࠾ࡼࡧ᭱㐺࡞⇞↝ᙧែ㸪⇞↝ჾᙧ≧ࡸ㐠㌿᮲௳ࢆỴᐃࡍ ࡢ⇞↝ไᚚࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛᭷࡞ࡿ㸬 ࡿࡣ㸪BIC ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⇞↝≉ᛶࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᅛయࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࡢ⇞ᩱ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪⇞ᩱ〇㐀࣭ᙉᗘホ (2-6) ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ᖹᡂ 20 ᖺᗘᾏ㐨ୗᕝ⏫࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠕప 㸬୍᪉㸪Ọ Ⅳ⣲♫ྥࡅࡓᢏ⾡ࢩ࣮ࢬⓎ᥀࣭♫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᐇド ᶫࡽ(7)ࡀᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪⇞↝≉ᛶ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ಶࠎ ᴗ࡛ࠖྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࢱࢹ⛉ࡢከᖺⲡ࡛࠶ࡿࢱࢻࣜࢆ ౯➼ࡢほⅬࡽከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ཎᩱࡍࡿ BIC ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ⇞↝⌧㇟㛵ࢃࡿᇶ *ᩍᤵ ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉ Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering *ᩍᤵ ㏆␥Ꮫ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊 ᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉ Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Kinki University *ᩍᤵ ᾏ㐨ᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 ᶵᲔᏱᐂᕤᏛ㒊㛛 Professor, Div. of Space and Mechanical Engineering, Hokkaido University ᮏⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁㸪⇕ศゎ࠾ࡼࡧ⇞↝≉ᛶࢆ⤂ࡍࡿ㸬 㸰㸬ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ 2.1 ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢ〇㐀࠾ࡼࡧ≀⌮ⓗᛶ㉁ ᾏ㐨ୗᕝ⏫ෆ⮬⏕ࡋ⏝㏵ࡢᑡ࡞࠸ከᖺⲡࡢࢱࢻ ࣜࢆ BIC ཎᮦᩱࡋ࡚⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣୗᕝ⏫ෆ࠶ࡿ 㧗ᐦᗘࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺࡢ╔ⅆ⇞↝≉ᛶ ࣅࢽࣝࣁ࢘ࢫࡢᬮᡣ⏝⇞ᩱࡢ⏝ࢆᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪 ࡧ 13wt%⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ỈศࡢⓎࡣ ᾘ㈝ᆅ࡚Ᏻ౯ㄪ㐩ฟ᮶ࡿⅬࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㞟ࡢࢱ 400K ௨ୗ㸪Ⓨศࡢᨺฟࡣ⣙ 450K ௨ୖ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࢻࣜࡢእほ┿ࢆᅗ 1 ♧ࡍ㸬㞟ࡉࢀࡓࢱࢻࣜࡣ⮬ ↛⇱ࡢᚋ㸪⢊○ჾ࡛◚○ᚋ㸪㔠ᆺሸࡋ࡚ຍ⇕ᅽ⦰ ᡂᆺࡍࡿ㸬BIC ࡣ⏝ࡍࡿ㔠ᆺࡢᙧ≧㸪ᑍἲࡼࡾ௵ព ᡂᆺ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣȭ48mm85mm ࡢ⟄ᙧ≧ ࡋࡓ㸬᳜≀⏤᮶ࡢࣂ࣐࢜ࢫヨᩱࡣ㸪ࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫ㸪 ࣑ࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫ࠾ࡼࡧࣜࢢࢽࣥࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ▱ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ሸヨᩱࢆⅣ㛤ጞ௨ୗࡢ ᗘຍ⇕ࡋ࡞ ࡀࡽຍᅽಖᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ヨᩱ୰ࡢࣜࢢࢽࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ࣑ ᅗ ࢱࢻࣜ %,& ࡢ⇕㔜㔞ศᯒ⤖ᯝ ࢭ࣮ࣝࣟࢫࡀ㌾࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⁐ゎࡋ࡚⤖ྜࡋ࡚స⏝ࡋ㸪 㧗ᐦᗘࡘ㧗◳ᗘࡢ BIC ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ 2 ࢱࢻࣜ ⇕㔜㔞ศᯒ⤖ᯝ(ᅗ 3)ࡽ㸪❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰ࡢỈศ࠾ࡼࡧ BIC ࡢእほ┿ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 Ⓨศࡢᨺฟࡼࡿ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࣞࢽ ࢘ࢫ๎ࡽᑟࢀࡿᘧ(1)ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ㸪ᅗ 4 ♧ࡋࡓ㸬 § 1 dm · ln¨ ¸ © m dt ¹ ln A E RT (1) ࡇࡇ࡛㸪m : Ỉศ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⓎศࡢṧ␃㉁㔞㸪t : 㛫㸪 ᅗ ࢱࢻࣜእほ A : 㢖ᗘᅉᏊ㸪E : άᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ㸪R : Ẽయᐃᩘ㸪T : ᅗ ࢱࢻࣜ %,& እほ ᗘࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ⾲ 1 㸪ࢱࢻࣜ㸪ᮌ㉁࣌ࣞࢵࢺ(ᩘ✀ࡢᖹᆒ್)(12)࠾ࡼ -5 ࡧ℡㟷Ⅳ(13)ࡢඖ⣲ศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࢱࢻࣜࡣ㸪ᮌ㉁࣌ ㏆࠸್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢱࢻࣜࢆ BIC ຍᕤࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᐦᗘࡣ 1300kg/m3 ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀ 3 ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢᮌ㉁࣌ࣞࢵࢺࡢᐦᗘ600kg/m ࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ2 ಸᙉ࡛ ࠶ࡾ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᐦᗘࡣࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢ᪉ࡀࡁ࠸㸬 ln(1/m·dm/dt) ࣞࢵࢺࡼࡾࡶⅣ⣲ྜ㸪Ⓨ⇕㔞ࡶⱝᖸᑠࡉ࠸ࡀᴫࡡ Volatile -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 0.001 Water vapor 0.002 0.003 0.004 1/T ⾲ ࢱࢻࣜࡢඖ⣲ศᯒ⤖ᯝ ᅗ Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧⓎศࡢࣞࢽ࢘ࢫࣉࣟࢵࢺ ࢱࢻࣜ ᮌ㉁࣌ࣞࢵࢺ(12) ℡㟷Ⅳ(13) 17890 20300 32020 C [wt%] 47.72 50.3 77.22 H [wt%] 5.95 5.7 5.60 N [wt%] 0.47 0.22 1.31 Water [wt%] 6.11 7.7 - GCVa [kJ/kg] Experimental result Volatile matter Water vapor a : Gross Calorific Value 2.2 ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢ⇕ศゎ≉ᛶ ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢ⇕㔜㔞ศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢࢆᅗ 3 ♧ࡍ㸬⇕ 㔜㔞ศᯒࡣ㸪♧ᕪ⇕ኳ⛗㸦┿✵⌮ᕤ TGD-5000RH ᆺ㸧 ࢆ⏝࠸㸪ヨᩱ㉁㔞 20mg㸪᪼ ㏿ᗘ 5K/min ࡛㸪✵Ẽ୰࠾ ࡼࡧ❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰࡚ᐇࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ 3 ࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪 Ỉศ㸪 Ⓨศ࠾ࡼࡧᅛᐃⅣ⣲ศࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 10wt%, 70wt%࠾ࡼ ᅗ Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧⓎศᨺฟ≉ᛶ❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰ ࣞࢽ࢘ࢫᘧ⟬ฟ್ᐇ㦂್ࡢẚ㍑ ᅗ 4 ࡼࡾ㸪ỈศⓎⓎศᨺฟࡢάᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ (E)࠾ࡼࡧ㢖ᗘᅉᏊ(A)ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪Ỉศᑐࡋ A=1.759 1014 [1/s], E=107.7 [kJ/mol], Ⓨศᑐࡋ A=3.372103 [1/s] , E=73.40 [kJ/mol]ࢆᚓࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⇕㔜㔞 ⚄ዉᕝᏛᕤᏛ◊✲ᡤᡤሗ ➨ ྕ ศᯒ࠾ࡅࡿ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡢண ್㸪ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 5 ♧ࡍ㸬 ᅗࡼࡾ㸪 ❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡣ㸪 ࣆ࣮ࢡ್ⱝᖸࡢ㐪࠸ࡣぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧ Ⓨศࡢᨺฟࣞࢽ࢘ࢫᘧࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ẚ㍑ⓗⰋࡃ ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 㸱㸬ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢᇶ♏⇞↝≉ᛶ D⾲㠃⇞↝ E᭷⅖⇞↝ 3.1 ⇞↝ᐇ㦂⨨ ᅗ %,& ࡢ⇞↝ᙧែ ࣮࣎ࣛ⇞↝⅔ෆ࠾ࡅࡿ⇞↝≧ែࢆᐃࡋ㸪Ẽᅽ ୗ࡛㧗 ✵Ẽὶ୰⨨ࢀࡓࢱࢻࣜBIC ࡢ╔ⅆ࠾ࡼࡧ 㻝㻚㻜㻌 ⇞↝ᣲືࢆㄪࡓ㸬ᅗ 6 㸪⏝ࡋࡓᇶ♏⇞↝ᐇ㦂⨨ 㻜㻚㻤㻌 ࡋ㸪BIC ୗ➃㠃ᡤᐃࡢ ᗘ(473㹼873K)ண⇕ࡉࢀࡓ✵ Ẽࢆ྿ࡁࡅࡿ㸬✵Ẽὶ㔞ࡣ 550NL/min.タᐃࡋࡓ㸬౪ ⤥ࡍࡿண⇕✵Ẽ᮲௳ࡀᏳᐃࡋࡓᚋBIC ࢆ⇞↝⅔ෆᢞ ධࡋ㸪BIC ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㸪ୗ➃㠃 ᗘ(IR ࣓࢝ࣛィ )㸪࠾ ࡼࡧ BIC ㏆ഐ࢞ࢫ ᗘ(T/C ィ )ࢆィ ࡋࡓ㸬 㼁㼚㼎㼡㼞㼚㼠㻌㼒㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻌㻌㻙 ᴫ␎ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬BIC ࢆෆᚄ 100mm ࡢ⇞↝⅔ෆ୰ኸྞࡿ 㻠㻣㻟㻷 㻡㻠㻤㻷 㻡㻞㻟㻷 㻡㻣㻟㻷 㻜㻚㻢㻌 㻡㻥㻤㻷 㻢㻞㻟㻷 㻜㻚㻠㻌 㻤㻣㻟㻷 㻜㻚㻞㻌 㻣㻣㻟㻷 㻢㻣㻟㻷 㻜㻚㻜㻌 㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻢㻜 㻱㼘㼍㼜㼟㼑㼐㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻌㻌㼙㼕㼚 DV camera PC IR camera Zn-Se glass Blower Solid surface ignition Window (quartz glass) T/C (heater control) Electric heater Flow meter 1 0.8 0.6 1800 Gas-phase ignition Unburnt fraction 1600 BIC bottom surface temperature 1400 1200 1000 0.4 800 0.2 600 Gas temperature 0 ᅗ %,& ᇶ♏⇞↝ᐇ㦂⨨ᴫ␎ 400 0 10 Elapsed time min ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࢆண⇕✵Ẽ୰࠾࠸ࡓሙྜ㸪BIC ୗ➃㠃 1 0.8 BIC ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡢண⇕✵Ẽ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡓ⤖ᯝ ࠾࠸࡚ BIC ࡢ⇞↝ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬✵Ẽ ᗘ 473K ࡛ ࡣᅗ 3 ࡢ⇕ศゎ㛤ጞ ᗘ 450K ࡼࡾ㧗࠸✵Ẽ ᗘ᮲௳࡛ ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪60min.௨ෆ╔ⅆࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬✵Ẽ ᗘ ࡀ 523K-573K ࡢሙྜ㸪᭷⅖⇞↝ࡢࡳࡀほᐹࡉࢀ㸪㉁㔞ῶ ᑡࡢ໙㓄ኚࡣ୍ẁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀᑐࡋ㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀ Unburnt fraction - ࡀ㉥⇕ࡋ࡚⇞↝ࡍࡿ⾲㠃⇞↝(ᅗ 7 (a))㸪࠾ࡼࡧ BIC య ࡀⅆ⅖ໟࡲࢀ࡚⇞↝ࡍࡿ᭷⅖⇞↝(ᅗ 7 (b))㸪ࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ ࢆᅗ 8 ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰㸪ᛴ⃭࡞㉁㔞ῶᑡࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㒊 20 30 ᅗ ✵Ẽ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸.ሙྜࡢ╔ⅆᣲື 3.2 ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢ╔ⅆᣲື ⇞↝ᙧែࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬 Temperature K T/C Mechanical scale Unburnt fraction - Counter weight ᅗ %,& ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡢ✵Ẽ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪 Gas-phase ignition and Solid surface ignition 1800 1600 Unburnt fraction 1400 BIC bottom surface temperature 0.6 0.4 1200 1000 800 Gas temperature 0.2 Temperature K Bio-coke sample Fulcrum 600 0 400 0 10 20 30 40 Elapsed time min 50 ᅗ ✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸.ሙྜࡢ╔ⅆᣲື 598K-873K ࡢሙྜࡣ㸪᭱ึ⾲㠃⇞↝㸪ࡑࡢᚋ᭷⅖ ⇞↝㉁㔞ῶᑡࡢ໙㓄ኚࡀẁ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸪 ✵Ẽ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸(Ӎ598K)ሙྜ㸪ᅗ 9 ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪 ౪⤥✵Ẽ ᗘࡼࡾ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡢ㛫ᒚṔࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ⾲㠃╔ⅆ(⣙ 9min.)ࡀẼ┦╔ⅆ(⣙ 17min.)ඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ ࢃࡿ㸬 ⏕ࡌࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸(ӌ573K)ሙྜ㸪ᅗ 10 ぢ 㧗ᐦᗘࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺࡢ╔ⅆ⇞↝≉ᛶ ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪㛗࠸ຍ⇕㛫ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋ㸪⾲㠃╔ⅆẼ┦ ⅖⇞↝㛤ጞ┤ᚋ࠾࠸࡚㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪✵Ẽ ╔ⅆࡀࡰྠ(⣙ 38min.)Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࡢࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ᗘࡀప࠸᪉ࡀ᭷⅖⇞↝㸪ࡃ᭷⅖⇞↝㛤ጞ┤ᚋ࠾ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺౪⤥✵Ẽ ᗘࡼࡾ╔ⅆᙧែࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪 ࠸࡚⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࢆពࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 BIC ⾲㠃㓟ᛂࡼࡿ⾲㠃 ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ ୖ㏙ࡢ╔ⅆᙧែࡀ✵Ẽ ᗘࡼࡾ␗࡞ࡿせᅉࡶྜ⮴ࡍ 㸪BIC ෆ㒊ࢀࡔࡅࡢ㡿ᇦࡢண⇕ᒙࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪᭷⅖⇞↝㛤ጞ๓ࡢண⇕㡿ᇦࡢᗈࡉࡀ᭷⅖ ࡼࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(10-11)㸬✵Ẽ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪 ⇞↝ࡢ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘ㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘ ࡁ࡞⇕ὶ㏿ࡼࡾ BIC ⾲㠃 ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀ㸪 ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 BIC ෆ㒊ࡣ⾲㠃㏆ഐࡢ⊃࠸ண⇕㡿ᇦࡋᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ⇕ⓗཌ࠸ࣂ࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࡢ⇞↝㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ᚑ᮶ᗄࡘ ࡇࢀࡼࡾ㸪ຍ⇕㛤ጞᚋࡢ᪩࠸ᮇ⾲㠃╔ⅆࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ ࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(14-15)ࡀ㸪ண⇕㐣⛬ࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡿ ࡀ㸪BIC ෆ㒊 ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ㐜ࢀࡿࡇࡽẼ┦╔ⅆࢆ⏕ࡌ ⇞ᩱෆ㒊 ᗘศᕸࡢᙳ㡪㛵ࡋ࡚⪃៖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ ࡿࡢ༑ศ࡞⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡎ㸪Ẽ┦╔ⅆ⮳ࡽ ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬ୖ࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺㸪㧗ᐦᗘ㸪ࡁ࡞ᑍἲ࡞ ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪BIC ⾲㠃㓟࠾ ⇕ⓗཌ࠸ࣂ࣐࢜ࢫ⇞ᩱࡢ╔ⅆ࠾ࡼࡧ⇞↝㐣⛬ண ࡼࡧ⾲㠃 ᗘୖ᪼㛫ࡀࡿࡇࡽ㸪㛗࠸㛫ࢆ ⇕ᒚṔࡀᑡ࡞ࡽࡎᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸ ࡅ࡚ BIC ෆ㒊ࡢᗈ࠸㡿ᇦࡀண⇕ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡦ ࡚༑ศ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡢ࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡓࡧ⾲㠃㓟ᛂࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡿBIC ෆ㒊ࡢᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡀ ⇕ศゎ ᗘࢆ㉸࠼㸪Ẽ┦╔ⅆࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡢ༑ศ࡞㔞ࡢ⇕ 㸲㸬ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ≉ᛶ ศゎ࢞ࢫࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸ BIC ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢỈศ࠾ࡼࡧⓎศྜࡣẼ┦╔ⅆ ሙྜࡣ⾲㠃╔ⅆẼ┦╔ⅆࡀࡰྠ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ ࡢࡋ᫆ࡉࡸ⇞↝㏿ᗘ➼ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡽ㸪Ỉศ ࡽຍ⇕ᑐࡍࡿBIC ෆ㒊 ᗘศᕸࡢᙧᡂ㐣⛬BIC ࡢ⇕ Ⓨศࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᨺฟ㏿ᗘࢆูࠎぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇࡣ BIC ᣑᩓ⋡ (Ș = Ȣ/ȨC, Ȣ: ⇕ఏᑟ⋡㸪Ȩ: ᐦᗘ㸪C: ẚ⇕) ࡢ╔ⅆ࠾ࡼࡧ⇞↝≉ᛶࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿୖ࡛ព⩏῝࠸㸬BIC ຍ ࡀᐤࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽࡇࢀࡣ BIC ࡢᣢࡘ㧗ᐦᗘ࠸ ⇕ࡶ࡞࠺ỈศⓎศࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᨺฟ≉ᛶࢆ⢭ᗘࡼ ࠺≉ᛶࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡃ⾲⌧ฟ᮶ࡿࣔࢹࣝᵓ⠏ࢆヨࡳ㸪ࡉࡽࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚BIC ྵỈ⋡ࡢỈศⓎศࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᨺฟ≉ᛶࡢ 3.3ࢱࢻࣜ BIC ᭷⅖⇞↝ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘ ᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡓ㸬 Ẽ┦╔ⅆ⥆࠸࡚ぢࡽࢀࡿ㸪᭷⅖⇞↝ࡢ BIC ㉁㔞ῶ 4.1 ᑠᆺ UFA(Universal Flammability Apparatus)ᐇ㦂⨨ ᑡ㏿ᗘࡢ౪⤥✵Ẽ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡓ㸬᭷⅖⇞↝ࡢ BIC ヨᩱࢆ❅⣲㞺ᅖẼ୰࠾࠸࡚⇕ὶ᮰୍ᐃ࡚ຍ⇕ BIC ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘࡣ㸪BIC ࡽࡢ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘ ࡋࡓሙྜࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑠᆺ UFA(16)ᐇ㦂⨨ ᐦ᥋㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᅗ 11 㸪᭷⅖⇞↝ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ຍ⇕ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 12㸧 㸬BIC ୗ➃㠃ࡽ ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘࡢኚࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓヨᩱ㸦ȭ20mm10mm㸧ࢆእᚄ 35mm㸪ෆᚄ 33mm ࡢࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫ〇ṇ᪉ᙧヨᩱ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮୰ኸ㸪᩿⇕ 40 35 30 Mass loss rate g/min 573K 25 673K ᮦࢆࡋ࡚ᅛᐃࡋࡓ㸬ヨᩱୖ㒊タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࢱࣥࢢࢫࢸ 873K 773K 673K 573K 523K ࣥࣛࣥࣉࣄ࣮ࢱ࡚ BIC ヨᩱ⾲㠃ࢆຍ⇕ࡋ㸪㟁Ꮚኳ⛗ ࡼࡾヨᩱࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ணࡵ Gardon ᆺ⇕ὶ᮰ィ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ຍ⇕㠃ධᑕࡍࡿ⇕ὶ᮰ࢆ᳨㔞ࡋࡓ㸬ࢧࣥࣉࣝ 523K 773K 20 ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࿘ᅖࢆ▼ⱥ⟶࡛そ࠸㸪ヨᩱୗ᪉ࡼࡾ❅⣲࢞ࢫ 873K 15 㸦50NL/min.㸧ࢆ౪⤥ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ BIC ヨᩱࡢእẼࡼࡿ 㓟ࢆ㜵࠸ࡔ㸬 10 Radiant heater 5 Sample 0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Unburnt mass fraction of the fuel 0.0 Sample MUF Quartz tube ᅗ ᭷⅖⇞↝ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘࡢ✵Ẽ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪 ✵Ẽὶ㔞 /PLQ Nitrogen ᅗ 11 ࡼࡾ㸪᭷⅖⇞↝ࡢ㉁㔞ῶᑡ㏿ᗘࡣ㸪౪⤥✵Ẽ ᗘࡀప࠸ࡁ࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ࡇࡢഴྥࡣࡃ᭷ Insulator Sample holder Mechanical scale ᅗ ᑠᆺ 8)$ ᐇ㦂⨨ᴫ␎ ⚄ዉᕝᏛᕤᏛ◊✲ᡤᡤሗ ➨ ྕ 4.2 ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ≉ᛶࡢゎᯒࣔࢹࣝ ᅗ 14 ♧ࡍ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝ࡋࡓ BIC ヨᩱࡣ᭷㝈ࡢ㛗ࡉ ᰕ BIC ヨᩱࡢ∦ഃ➃㠃ࢆ㍽ᑕຍ⇕ࡋࡓ㝿ࡢ㸪ヨᩱ 㸦10 mm㸧ࢆᣢࡕ㸪ࡘỈศࢆ⣙ 10 wt%⛬ᗘྵ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬 ࡽࡢỈศ࠾ࡼࡧⓎศᨺฟࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿ୍ḟඖゎᯒࣔࢹࣝ ỈศࡢⓎࡍࡿ ᗘ 373 K ⨨ࡢ㛫᥎⛣ࢆぢࡿ㸪ヨ ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ᑠᆺ UFA ᐇ㦂ࢆᶍᨃࡍࡿᩘ್ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ᩱయࡀ 373 K ௨ୖຍ⇕ࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕヨ ࿘ᅖࢆ᩿⇕ࡉࢀࡓヨᩱࡢ∦ഃ➃㠃㸦Ȯ= 0 mm㸧ࢆ୍ᐃࡢ ᩱ୰ࡢỈศࡀⓎࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ 4.7 min.࡛࠶ ⇕ὶ᮰࡛ຍ⇕ࡋ㸪BIC ヨᩱෆ㒊 ᗘୖ᪼㸪Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧ ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ 4.7 min.⤒㐣ᚋࡣᛴ⃭࡞ヨᩱ ᗘ Ⓨศᨺฟࢆぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓ㸬ヨᩱࢧࢬࡣ UFA ᐇ㦂ྠᵝȭ ୖ᪼ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪᭷㝈㛗ࡉࡢ BIC ヨᩱࢆ 20mm10mm ࡢᰕᙧ≧㸪BIC ึᮇᐦᗘȨ = 1300 kg/m3㸪 ຍ⇕ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ヨᩱ୰Ỉศࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡣヨᩱෆ㒊 BIC ึᮇྵỈ⋡ MC = 11.1 %ࡋࡓ㸬ゎᯒࡣ௨ୗ♧ ࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ⦆ࡸ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ỉศࡀᢤࡅࡁࡗࡓᚋᛴ ࡍ௬ᐃࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬(a) ࣔࢹࣝࡣ୍ḟඖࡋ࡚ᢅ࠸㸪༙ᚄ ⃭࡞ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࡀศࡿ㸬௬ ᪉ྥࡢ ᗘศᕸࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸㸬(b) ヨᩱ࿘ᅖ㸦ࡃຍ BIC ヨᩱࡀ↓㝈㛗ࡉࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪⦆ࡸ࡞ෆ ⇕㠃㸧ࡢ࿘ᅖ࢞ࢫὶࢀࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ↓どࡍࡿ㸬(c) Ỉศࡢ 㒊 ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ⥆ࡁᨺฟ࢞ࢫ㔞ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ್ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ Ⓨ₯⇕ࡣ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡀ㸪⇞ᩱࡢ⇕ศゎ࠾ࡼࡧ㓟ࡶ࡞ ணࡉࢀࡿ㸬BIC ヨᩱࡢỈศᨺฟᚋࡢᛴ⃭࡞࢞ࢫ ࠺ᛂ⇕ࡣ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸㸬(d) Ỉศ࠾ࡼࡧⓎศࡢᨺฟ㏿ ᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢቑࡣヨᩱ㛗ࡉࡀ᭷㝈࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㉳ᅉࡋ࡚ ᗘ㸦⇕ศゎࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ㸧ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࣞࢽ࢘ࢫࡢᘧ࡛ ࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪௨㝆ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣࡇࡢᛴ⃭࡞࢞ࢫ ࠼㸪ྛࠎ࢞ࢫࡍࡿ┤ࡕ BIC ຍ⇕㠃ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ ᨺฟ㏿ᗘቑࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢ㛫ࡘ࠸࡚ᢅ࠺㸬 㸦ణࡋᨺฟ࢞ࢫࡣධᑕ⇕ὶ᮰ࡣᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡞࠸㸧 㸬(e) Calculation result ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟࡼࡾヨᩱ㉁㔞ࡣῶᑡࡍࡿࡀ㸪య✚ࡣ ኚࡍࡿ㸦ᐦᗘࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ㸧 㸬(f) ヨᩱࡢ⇕≀ᛶ್ࡢ ᗘ Experimental result ౫Ꮡᛶࡣ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸㸬(g) ヨᩱຍ⇕㠃⾲㠃ࡣ⅊Ⰽయ㏆ ఝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ㸬ヨᩱෆ㒊ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಖᏑᘧ㸪Ỉศ Ⓨศ㛵ࡍࡿ㉁㔞ಖᏑᘧࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪㝧ゎἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᘧࢆ 㞳ᩓࡋィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ቃ⏺᮲௳ࡣຍ⇕㠃ഃ࡛ࡣ㍽ᑕධ ⇕ᨺᑕ⇕ᦆኻࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸦Ȣ㸹⇕ఏᑟ⋡㸪T㸹 ᗘ㸪Ȝ㸹 ᅗ ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝィ⟬⤖ᯝࡢẚ㍑ BIC ヨᩱ⾲㠃ࡢᨺᑕ⋡(0.95 ௬ᐃ)㸪q㸹ຍ⇕⇕ὶ㏿㸪Ȫ㸹 ࣎ࣝࢶ࣐ࣥᐃᩘ㸪Ts㸹BIC ヨᩱຍ⇕㠃 ᗘ㸧 㸪➃㠃ഃ࡛ ࡣ᩿⇕ࡋࡓ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝ࡋࡓࢱࢻࣜ BIC ࡢ⇕ఏᑟ⋡(Ȣ)࠾ࡼ ࡧẚ⇕(C)ࡣᮍ▱࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ḟ♧ࡍ UFA ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝᮏ ゎᯒࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓィ⟬⤖ᯝࡢ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ 㛫ࡀ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࠼ࡓ㸬 ࡇࡢ㝿㸪 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ≀ᛶ್ࡣ㸪 (17) ᮌᮦᑐࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ್ ࡢ⠊ᅖ⣡ࡲࡿࡼ࠺ ࠼㸪Ȣ=2.20010-4 W/mmK㸪C=1300 J/kgK ࡋࡓ㸬 Distance from heated face mm 10 ヨᩱෆ㒊ࡢỈศࡀⓎࡋࡁࡿ ࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫 (§ 4.7 min.) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 923 K 1 0 0 5 10 Time min. 4.3 ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢ㛫ኚ ᑠᆺ UFA ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓຍ⇕ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓゎ ᅗ %,& ヨᩱෆ㒊 ᗘኚN:P ᅗ 15 㸪BIC ヨᩱࡽࡢⓎศ࠾ࡼࡧỈศᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢ ᯒࣔࢹࣝࡼࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ 13 㸪ຍ⇕ ィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ຍ⇕㛤ጞᚋࡍࡄỈศࡢᨺฟࡀጞࡲࡾ㸪 ⇕ὶ᮰ 50 kW/m2 ࡢሙྜࡢẚ㍑ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ィ⟬ࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀ ࡑࡢᚋ⦆ࡸᨺฟ㔞ࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ⓎศᨺฟࡣỈ ࡓ㉁㔞ῶᑡࡣ㸪ᑠᆺ UFA ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᨺฟࡢ㛤ጞ ศࡢᨺฟࢃࡎ㐜ࢀ࡚㛤ጞࡋ㸪᪩࠸ᮇ㸦1.8 min. ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧᨺฟࣆ࣮ࢡⱝᖸࡢᕪ␗ࡣぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪 ⛬ᗘ㸧ᑠࡉ࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ♧ࡋࡓᚋ⦆ࡸῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ ẚ㍑ⓗഴྥࢆ⾲⌧ฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬BIC ヨᩱ ࡿ㸬Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศࡢᨺฟ㏿ᗘẚࢆྠ♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ຍ⇕ ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ࢞ࢫ㸦Ỉศ㸩Ⓨศ㸧㔞ࡣ㸪ຍ⇕㛤ጞࡽ 㛤ጞᚋ 1.8 min.ࡽ 4 min.ࡢ㛫⥲࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡣ⦆ࡸ ࠶ࡿᮇ㛫ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ୍ᐃ㏆࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸦ᅗ 13㸪 ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศẚࡣࡰ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ 4.7 min.㸦ィ⟬್㸧⤒㐣ᚋ㸧ᛴ⃭ቑຍࡋࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ࡿࡇ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢỈศྜࡣࡰ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ ྠ᮲௳࠾ࡅࡿ BIC ヨᩱෆ㒊 ᗘࡢኚ㸦ィ⟬⤖ᯝ㸧ࢆ ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 14 14 12 12 10 10 8 8 Volatile 6 6 Total 4 4 Volatile / Water ratio 2 ࢞ࢫࡣ㸪BIC ᮏ᮶ࡢⓎศ㸭Ỉศྜࡽணࡉࢀࡿࡼ ࡾࡶ╔ⅆ㸪⇞↝ࡋ㞴࠸⤌ᡂ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 㸳㸬⤖ゝ 2 ࢱࢻࣜࢆཎᩱࡍࡿ㧗ᐦᗘᅛయࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵ Water 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 ࢺ(BIC)ࡢ⇕ศゎ㸪╔ⅆ࠾ࡼࡧ⇞↝≉ᛶࢆㄪࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ Time min. ᅗ ᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢⓎศ࠾ࡼࡧỈศN:P 12 Volatile / Water ratio 10 10 8 8 6 6 Volatile 4 Total 2 4 ࡧ⇞↝≉ᛶࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬ᚋ BIC Volatile / Water ratio Mass loss rate mg/s 12 ࡢά⏝ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿୖ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡽ⇕≉ᛶ BIC 〇㐀ୖࡢ≉ ᛶࡽ㸪 ᭱㐺࡞〇㐀࣭⇞↝ᙧែࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺㸬 2 Water 0 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 ᯝ㸪╔ⅆ๓ࡢຍ⇕ᒚṔ(ຍ⇕㏿ᗘ)ࡀ BIC ෆ㒊 ᗘศᕸ㸪 ᨺฟ࢞ࢫᡂศ(Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศྜ)ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ╔ⅆᙧែ࠾ࡼ 14 14 ࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࡇࡢᮇ㛫ᚓࡽࢀࡿᨺฟ Volatile / Water ratio Mass loss rate mg/s 㧗ᐦᗘࣂ࣐࢜ࢫࣈࣜࢣࢵࢺࡢ╔ⅆ⇞↝≉ᛶ (1) C.Wang, F.Wang, Q.Yang, R.Liang,”Biomass and Bioenergy” 33, 18 Time min. 18 18 16 16 Volatile/Water ratio 14 14 12 12 Volatile 10 10 8 8 6 6 Total 4 2 4 28-3 (2009), pp.427-434. (3) T.Honjo, T.Ida, M.Fuchihata, H.Sano,”Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy” 84 (2005), pp.142-148. (4) P.Gilbert, C.Ryu, V.Sharifi, J.Swithenbank,”Fuel” 88 (2009), pp. 1491-1497. 2 Water 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (2009), pp. 50-56. (2) S.Sadaka, S.Negi,”Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy” Volatile / Water ratio Mass loss rate mg/s ᅗ ᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢⓎศ࠾ࡼࡧỈศN:P (5) O.C.Chin, K.M.Siddiqui,”Biomass and Bioenergy” 18 (2000), pp. 8 Time min. ᅗ ᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢⓎศ࠾ࡼࡧỈศN:P 4.4 ⇕ศゎ࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢຍ⇕⇕ὶ᮰ࡢᙳ㡪 223-228. (6) D.Singh,”Agricultural wastes” 13 (1985), pp.189-196. (7) Ọᶫ㸪ᮧୖ㸪㞧㈡㸪”᪥ᮏ⇞↝Ꮫㄅ (in Japanese)” 51 (158) ᅗ 16㸪17 25 kW/m2 ࠾ࡼࡧ 100 kW/m2 ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ 2 (2009), pp.310-317. ࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡍ㸬ຍ⇕⇕ὶ᮰ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ᅗ 16㸦25 kW/m 㸧࡛ (8) T.Ida, A.Nakanishi, Osaka TLO, Patent No. 4088933 (2006) Japan. ࡣᅗ 15㸦50 kW/m2㸧ࡣ␗࡞ࡾⓎศᨺฟࡀ⦆ࡸ㛤 (9) ఀᮾ㸪㓇㸪⏣㸪⸨⏣㸪”᪥ᮏ⇞↝Ꮫㄅ” ➨ 53 ᕳ 164 ྕ ጞࡉࢀ᪩࠸ᮇࡢⓎศᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬 (2009), pp.1-6. 2 ࡇࢀࡣ 25 kW/m ࡢሙྜࡣຍ⇕⇕ὶ᮰ࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪BIC ຍ (10) H.Ito, Y.Sakai, T.Ida, Y.Nakamura, O.Fujita,“Proc. ASME/JSME 8th ⇕㠃㏆ࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ㐜ࢀࡿࡇࡼࡾⓎศ࢞ࢫᨺฟ Thermal Engineering Joint Conference” (2011),AJTEC2011-44145. ࡶ㐜ࢀࡿࡓࡵ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ (11) H.Ito, Y.Sakai, T.Ida, Y.Nakamura, O.Fujita, “J. Thermal Sci. Tech.” Ⓨศ㸭Ỉศẚࡣ᭱ึᑠࡉࡃ㸪ࡑࡢᚋᚎࠎୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇ Vol.6, No.1 (2011), pp.111-122. ࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ຍ⇕⇕ὶ᮰ࡀࡁ࠸ᅗ 17 ࡛ࡣ㸪ຍ⇕㛤ጞ (12) I.Obernberger, G.Thek, “Biomass and Bioenergy” 27 (2004), ᚋࡢ᪩࠸ᮇⓎศ࢞ࢫᨺฟࡢࡁ࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ⌧ࢀ㸪 pp.653-669. ⥲࢞ࢫᨺฟ㏿ᗘࡶࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㸪Ⓨศ࢞ࢫᨺฟ (13) E.Kharbat, K.Annamalai, C.Gopalakrishnan, “Combust. Flame” 㛤ጞᚋࡢⓎศ㸭Ỉศẚࡀ㛫ࡼࡽࡎࡰ୍ᐃࡢ್࡛ 100 (1995), pp.413-421. ᥎⛣ࡍࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᨺฟ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢỈศྜࡣࡁࡃኚ (14) M.J.Hagge, K.M.Bryden, “Chem. Eng. Science” 57 (2002), ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡁࡢⓎศ㸭Ỉศẚࡣ 3.7 ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ pp.2811- 2823. ࡾ㸪BIC ᮏ᮶ࡢ್㸦7.0 ⛬ᗘ㸧ẚ࡚ᑠࡉࡃ㸪Ỉศࡀ (15) A.Ouedraogo, J.C.Mulligan, J.G.Cleland, “Comb. Flame” 114 Ⓨศඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ᨺฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ❚࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢせᅉ (1998), pp.1-12. ࡋ࡚㸪BIC ࡢ⇕ᣑᩓ⋡ࡀ༑ศࡁࡃヨᩱຍ⇕㠃ഃࡀ (16) ᑠᙇ, , “᪥ᮏⅆ⅏Ꮫ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ᴫせ㞟” (2010), p.386. Ⓨศᨺฟ ᗘ㐩ࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶヨᩱෆ㒊ࡀỈศⓎ ᗘ (17) ᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ㸪”ఏ⇕ᕤᏛヨᩱ ᨵゞ➨ 4 ∧”㸪p.322. 㐩ࡋ᫆࠸ࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬Ỉศࡀඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ᨺฟࡉࢀ᫆