画像動物

᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
ㄆ▱㻌 㻝㻭㻹㻝㻜㻥㻌
ື≀᳨ฟㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚㧗ḟ⏬ീ⤫ィ㔞ࡣᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿
‫ۑ‬ᆏ㔝㐓⣖㸯,2࣭㰻ᮌ₶㸯
㸦 ி㒔኱Ꮫே㛫࣭⎔ቃᏛ◊✲⛉࣭㸰᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ື≀᳨ฟ ⤫ィⓗせ⣙ ࢸࢡࢫࢳࣕྜᡂ
㸯
Higher-order image statistics is a cue for animal detection.
Hayaki BANNO1, 2 and Jun SAIKI1
1
( Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto Univ., 2 Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences.)
Key words: animal detection, statistical summary, texture synthesis
┠ ⓗ
ࣄࢺࡣ㸪」㞧࡞ど⎔ቃࡢ୰࠿ࡽࡑࡇ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿື≀ࢆᴟࡵ
࡚㧗㏿࡟᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ᳨ฟ࡟
ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟ሗࡀᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸽ࡇࡢၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ㸪
⏬ീ⤫ィ㔞ࡣ᭷ຊ࡞ᅇ⟅ೃ⿵ࡢ1ࡘ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪
Portilla & Simoncelli (2000) ࡟ࡼࡾᥦၐࡉࢀࡓ㧗ḟ⏬ീ⤫ィ㔞
(P-S ⤫ィ㔞)ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ▐㛫࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓ⏬ീ
ࡢ୰࠿ࡽື≀ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ㧗ḟ
⏬ീ⤫ィ㔞࡜ࡣ㸪ࣇ࣮࢚ࣜ✵㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏬ീࡢ఩┦᝟ሗࢆ⪃
៖ࡋࡓ⤫ィ㔞ࢆᣦࡍࠋࡑࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿP-S⤫ィ㔞ࡣ㸪ࣄࢺࡀࢸ
ࢡࢫࢳ่⃭ࣕ࠿ࡽ▐᫬ⓗ࡟ᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ᝟ሗࢆ⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ᭱ࡶ
ࡼࡃ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ1ࡘ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪㏆ᖺࡢ◊✲࡟࠾
࠸࡚㸪P-S⤫ィ㔞ࡣ࿘㎶ど㔝ࡢど▱ぬࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ
ᣦ᦬ࡀ࠶ࡿ(Balas et al., 2009)ࠋࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ⏬
ീࡢ࿊♧ど㔝ࢆ᮲௳࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔࠋ
᪉ ἲ
࠙ᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ࠚᐇ㦂 1 ࡛ࡣ 15 ே㸪ᐇ㦂 2 ࡛ࡣ 14 ேࠋ
่⃭࠙ࠚᐇ㦂 1 ࡛ࡣ㸪Serre et al. (2007) ࡢ⏬ീࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࠿
ࡽື≀ࢆྵࡴ࣭ྵࡲ࡞࠸⮬↛⏬ീࢆ 120 ᯛࡎࡘ㑅ᢥࡋࡓࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪Portilla & Simoncelli (2000)ࡢྜᡂ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢ⮬↛⏬ീ࡜ P-S ⤫ィ㔞ࢆ㸦㏆ఝⓗ࡟㸧➼ࡋࡃࡍࡿࢸࢡ
ࢫࢳࣕ⏬ീࢆ 120 ᯛࡎࡘྜᡂࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᐇ㦂 1 ࡢ่⃭࡛
ࡣື≀ࢆྵࡴ࣭ྵࡲ࡞࠸⮬↛⏬ീ㛫ࡢ᣺ᖜࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢ㐪࠸
ࡣ⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡓࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࠿ࡽྜᡂࡉࢀࡓࢸ
ࢡࢫࢳࣕ⏬ീࡶඖ⏬ീ࡜ྠࡌ᣺ᖜࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ᐇ㦂 2 ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ⮬↛⏬ീࡢ᣺ᖜࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ඲⏬ീࡢᖹᆒ
್࡟ᆒ➼໬ࡍࡿฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓࡶࡢ㸪࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࢆඖ࡟ྜᡂࡋ
ࡓࢸࢡࢫࢳࣕ⏬ീࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࠋ඲⏬ീࡣ 256 㝵ㄪࡢࢢࣞ࢖
ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᖹᆒ⏬ീᙉᗘ࡜ RMS ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡣ
ᆒ୍࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࠙ᡭ⥆ࡁࠚ▐㛫࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓ⏬ീ࡟ື≀ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆุ
᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⏬㠃୰ኸ࡟ὀどⅬࡀ 600 ms ࿊♧
ࡉࢀࡓᚋ㸪⏬ീࡀὀどⅬࡢ఩⨨㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣὀどⅬ࠿ࡽ 14rྑ
࡟ࡎࢀࡓ఩⨨ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿࡟ 40 ms ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ༠ຊ⪅ࡣ㸪࡛
ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ᪩ࡃ㸪࠿ࡘṇ☜࡟ື≀ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ࣎ࢱࣥᢲࡋ࡛ Yes/No
ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋᶆⓗ่⃭ࡣື≀ࢆྵࡴ⮬↛⏬ീ࡛
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ጉᐖ่⃭ࡣື≀ࢆྵࢇࡔ⏬ീࢆඖ࡟ྜᡂࡉࢀ
ࡓࢸࢡࢫࢳࣕ⏬ീ(Texture(Animal))㸪ື≀ࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸⏬ീ࠿ࡽ
ྜᡂࡉࢀࡓࢸࢡࢫࢳࣕ⏬ീ(Texture(Non-animal))㸪ື≀ࢆྵࡲ
࡞࠸⮬↛⏬ീ(Non-animal)ࡢ 3 ✀㢮ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࠋ48 ヨ⾜ࢆ 1
ࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡜ࡋ㸪⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿጉᐖู่⃭࡟ 10 ࣈࣟࢵࢡ㸪ィ 1440
ヨ⾜ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ࠺ࡕ༙ᩘࡣ 0r㸪ࡶ࠺༙ᩘࡣ 14rࡢ఩⨨࡟
⏬ീࡀ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
⤖ ᯝ
᳨ฟᡂ⦼࡜ࡋ࡚㸪A'ࢆFigure 1࡟♧ࡍࠋᐇ㦂1࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୧
࿊♧ど㔝࡛Texture(Animal)ࢆጉᐖ่⃭࡜ࡋࡓ᮲௳ࡢᡂ⦼ࡣ௚
ࡢ2᮲௳࡟ẚ࡭࡚ప࠿ࡗࡓࠋጉᐖ่⃭࣭࿊♧ど㔝ࢆせᅉ࡜ࡍࡿ
2せᅉࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ(Greenhouse-Geisserࡢİ࡟ࡼ
ࡾ⮬⏤ᗘࢆ⿵ṇ)㸪୧せᅉࡢ஺஫స⏝ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
(F(1.76,24.64) = 8.95, p = .002)ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࿊♧ど㔝ู࡟ጉᐖ
่⃭᮲௳ࡈ࡜ࡢᡂ⦼ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪୧ど㔝࡛
Texture(Animal)ࢆጉᐖ่⃭࡜ࡋࡓ᮲௳ࡢᡂ⦼ࡣ௚ࡢ᮲௳ࡼࡾ
ࡶ᭷ព࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓ(p < .01)ࠋᐇ㦂2࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Texture(Animal)
ࢆጉᐖ่⃭࡜ࡋࡓ᮲௳ࡣ௚ࡢ2᮲௳ࡼࡾࡶప࠸ᡂ⦼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡕࡽࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣጉᐖ่⃭ࡢ୺ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ
(F(1.53,19.94) = 14.72, p = .0003)ࡶࡢࡢ㸪஺஫స⏝ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓ(F(1.96,25.48) = .53, n.s.)ࠋጉᐖ่⃭᮲௳㛫ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜
ࡇࢁ㸪Texture(Animal)ࢆጉᐖ่⃭࡜ࡋࡓ᮲௳ࡢᡂ⦼ࡣ௚ࡢ2
᮲௳ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓ(p < .005)ࠋ࡞࠾㸪࡝ࡕࡽࡢᐇ㦂࡟
࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ฟᡂ⦼ࡢᕪ࡜཯ᛂ᫬㛫࡜ࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡣぢࡽࢀ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⪃ ᐹ
ື≀ࢆྵࡴ⮬↛⏬ീ࡜㧗ḟ⏬ീ⤫ィ㔞࡛࠶ࡿP-S⤫ィ㔞ࢆ
ඹ᭷ࡍࡿࢸࢡࢫࢳࣕ⏬ീ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕTexture(Animal)ࢆጉᐖ่
⃭࡜ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ື≀᳨ฟࡣࡼࡾ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢഴྥࡣ୰ᚰ࣭࿘㎶ど㔝ࡢ཮᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࣄࢺࡀP-S⤫ィ㔞࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ᝟ሗࢆ୰ᚰ࣭࿘㎶ど㔝࡛
ඹ࡟ື≀᳨ฟࡢᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Figure 1. ື≀᳨ฟㄢ㢟ࡢᡂ⦼
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
Portilla, J., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2000). A Parametric
Texture Model Based on Joint Statistics of Complex
Wavelet Coefficients. International Journal of
Computer Vision, 40(1), 49-71.
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