対称性と輝度極性による独立した注意拡散

ឤぬ䞉▱ぬ㻌 㻟㻼㻹㻜㻣㻣㻌
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡜㍤ᗘᴟᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ⊂❧ࡋࡓὀពᣑᩓ
‫➉ۑ‬㇂㝯ྖ 1࣭ἙすဴᏊ 2
㸦 ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㝔࣭2 ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲㝔㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: 㑅ᢥⓗὀព㸪▱ぬⓗయไ໬㸪஦㇟㛵㐃㟁఩
1
Independent Attention-Spreading by Symmetry and Luminance Polarity
Ryuji TAKEYA1 and Tetsuko KASAI2
1
( Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, 2 Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University)
Key words: Selective attention, Perceptual organization, Event-related potential
Amplitude (μV)
┠ ⓗ
㸦࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥࡣ่⃭ᥦ♧๓ 200 ms 㛫㸧ࠋᶆ‽่⃭࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
ᑐ⛠ᛶࡣ≀యㄆ▱ࡸ㢦ㄆ▱࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㔜せ࡞ᒓᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ
ERP ࢆ୺࡞ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
⛠ᛶࡣ㡹೺࡟᳨ฟࡉࢀࡿࢤࢩࣗࢱࣝࢺཎ⌮ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ど
1
P1
ぬせ⣲ࢆ⩌໬ࡉࡏࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌໬
S+Pࢆ㸪ᐈほⓗᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⩌໬ࡢᐈほⓗ
0.5
ᐃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪≀య࣮࣋ࢫࡢὀព◊✲㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡘ
S+P࠿ࡢᡭἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸦Scholl, 2001㸧㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸
0
S-P+
࡚ࡣᮍ᳨ウ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⾜ືᣦᶆ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌໬ࡢᐈほⓗ ᐃ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪⚄⤒⏕⌮Ꮫⓗ
N2
S-P-0.5
࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࠿ࡽࡢ◊✲ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋKasai (2010)ࡣ᫬㛫ศゎ⬟
N1
࡟ඃࢀࡓ஦㇟㛵㐃㟁఩㸦event-related potential, ERP㸧ࢆᣦᶆ࡜
0
100
200
300
400
ࡍࡿ✵㛫ⓗὀព◊✲࡟඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᣢ⥆ⓗ✵㛫ⓗὀពㄢ㢟ࢆᛂ⏝
Time (ms)
ࡋ࡚㸪N1 ᡂศࡢ✵㛫ⓗὀពຠᯝ㔞ࡀ㐃⤖ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌໬ࡢ⛬ᗘ
ᅗ㸯ࠉᕥὀព᮲௳࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚋ㢌ഃ㢌㒊ࡢ⥲ຍ⟬ᖹᆒᕪἼᙧ
ࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣྠࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢆ⏝
㸦ྑഃ㟁ᴟ㸫ᕥഃ㟁ᴟ㸧
࠸㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌໬ࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿ ERP ᡂศࢆྠᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
⤖ ᯝ
➨୍ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
⾜ື㐙⾜ ィ ⿦⨨ୖࡢ࣑ࢫ࡟ࡼࡾࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ୍㒊ࡀḞᦆࡋ
➨஧ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌໬ࡀ௚ࡢ⩌໬せᅉ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ
ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ྑὀព᮲௳ࡢࡳࡢ⾜ື㐙⾜ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋᖹᆒࣄࢵࢺ
㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᑐ⛠ᛶࡣ
⋡ࡣ㠀ᑐ⛠᮲௳࡛ᑐ⛠᮲௳ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㹙F(1,11)=6.4,
せ⣲ࡢ㍤ᗘᴟᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟᳨ฟࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⾜ື
p=0.028㹛ࠋ཯ᛂ᫬㛫㸪FA ࡟ᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᐇ㦂࠿ࡽ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Brooks & Zwan, 2002㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲
ERP ὀពど㔝ࡢᑐഃ༙⌫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ERP ᣺ᖜࡀྠഃ༙⌫ࡼ
ࡣ✵㛫ⓗ࡟㞳ࢀࡓせ⣲㛫ࡢᑐ⛠ᛶ࡜㍤ᗘᴟᛶࢆ┤஺ࡉࡏ࡚᧯
ࡾࡶቑ኱ࡍࡿ ERP ὀពຠᯝࡀࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ᫂░࡞ᚋ㢌ഃ㢌㒊ࢆ
సࡋࡓࠋ
ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋึᮇ N1㸦่⃭ᥦ♧ᚋ 120-160 ms㸧
᪉ ἲ
ཬࡧᚋᮇ N1㸦165-200 ms㸧ࡢὀពຠᯝࡣ㸪ྠᴟᛶ᮲௳࡛␗ᴟ
ཧຍ⪅ 〄║どຊࡲࡓࡣ▹ṇどຊࡀṇᖖ࡞኱Ꮫ⏕ 12 ྡ㸦ዪ
ᛶ ᮲ ௳ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ᭷ ព ࡟ ῶ ᑡ ࡋ ࡓ 㹙 F(1,11)=6.5, p=0.027;
ᛶ 6 ྡ㸪21-29 ṓ㸧ࡀᐇ㦂࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࠋ
F(1,11)=17.6, p=0.001㹛ࠋࡲࡓᚋᮇ N1 ࡢὀពຠᯝࡣᕥὀព᮲௳
่⃭ ࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖ࡢ୰ኸ࡟㟷ⰍࡢจどⅬ㸦どゅᗘ 0.4ۙ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳᑐ⛠᮲௳࡛㠀ᑐ⛠᮲௳ࡼࡾῶᑡࡋࡓ
0.4Û㸧ࢆᖖ࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ⫼ᬒࡣ⅊Ⰽ࡛ほᐹ㊥㞳ࡣ 70 cm ࡔࡗ
ࡓࠋจどⅬࡢୖഃ㸦1.3 㺽㸧ࡢ୧ഃ 3.6 㺽࡟ ERP ࡢㄏⓎ่⃭ࢆ 㹙F(1,11)=5.2, p=0.043㹛ࠋN2㸦210-290 ms㸧ࡢὀពຠᯝࡣᑐ⛠
᮲௳࡛㠀ᑐ⛠᮲௳ࡼࡾࡶῶᑡࡋࡓ㹙F(1,11)=6.7, p=0.025㹛
ࠋ࠸
ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋᶆ‽่⃭㸦ᥦ♧☜⋡ 75 㸣㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㯮࠿ⓑⰍ࡛㸪
㧗ࡉ 1.0 㺽㸪ᖜ 0.7 㺽ࡲࡓࡣ 1.4 㺽ࡢᅄゅᙧࢆ㸪ᶆⓗ่⃭㸦25 㸣㸧 ࡎࢀࡢ༊㛫࡛ࡶᑐ⛠ᛶ࡜㍤ᗘᴟᛶࡢ஺஫స⏝ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⪃ ᐹ
࡜ࡋ࡚ゅࡢ୸࠸ᅄゅᙧࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ่⃭᮲௳ࡣᕥྑࡢᅄゅᙧ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣᚋᮇ N1㸦165-200 ms㸧ཬࡧ N2㸦210-290 ms㸧࡟ᑐ
ࡢᑐ⛠ᛶ㹙ᑐ⛠㸦S+㸧㸪㠀ᑐ⛠㸦S-㸧㹛࡜㍤ᗘᴟᛶ㹙ྠᴟᛶ㸦P+㸧㸪
⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿὀពᣑᩓຠᯝࢆྠᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ
␗ᴟᛶ㸦P-㸧㹛ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡓ 4 ✀㢮㸦S+P+㸪S+P-㸪
S-P+㸪S-P-㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
どぬせ⣲ࡢ✵㛫ⓗ⩌໬㐣⛬ࢆどぬ⓶㉁࡟࠾ࡅࡿάື࡜ࡋ࡚ྍ
ᡭ⥆ࡁ ྛ᮲௳ࡢ่⃭ࢆ㸪ᣢ⥆᫬㛫 100 ms㸪่⃭㛤ጞ㛫㛫㝸
ど໬ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ N1 ὀពᣑᩓຠ
350-600 ms ࡛㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒㡰࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪จどⅬ࡟┠
ᯝࡣ㸪㍤ᗘᴟᛶ࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝ࡟㐜ࢀ࡚㸪ᕥὀព᮲௳ࡢࡳ࡛⏕ࡌ
ࢆྥࡅࡓࡲࡲᕥྑ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢど㔝࡟ὀពࢆᣢ⥆ⓗ࡟ྥࡅ㸪ὀ
ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌໬ࡣ௚ࡢ⩌໬せᅉ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᚲࡎࡋࡶ
ពど㔝࡟ᶆⓗࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃ᪩ࡃṇ☜࡟฼ࡁᡭ࡛࣎
᪩ࡃ㡹೺࡟⏕ࡌࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟㸪せ⣲㛫ࡢ
ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋὀពࢆྥࡅࡿど㔝ࡢ㡰ᗎࡣ⿕㦂⪅
㊥㞳࡞࡝ࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㛫࡛࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡋࡓࠋ
ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ N1 ὀពᣑᩓຠᯝࡀᕥὀព᮲௳ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ
グ㘓࣭ศᯒ ⾜ືᣦᶆࡣᶆⓗᥦ♧ᚋ 300-1000 ms ࡢ཯ᛂࢆࣄ
ࡣ㸪ྑ༙⌫ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞่⃭࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ὀពࢆㄏᑟࡍࡿᙺ๭ࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࢵࢺ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࢆࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢫ࢔࣮࣒ࣛ㸦FA㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋ⬻Ἴࡣ
ࡇ࡜㸦Mevorach et al., 2006㸧࡟㛵ࢃࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
㰯ᑤࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿 10-20 ἲ࡟ᚑ࠺ 25 ⟠ᡤ㸦Fp1, Fp2, F7,
ᮏ◊✲ࡣࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌໬ຠᯝࡣ㍤ᗘᴟᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ
F3, Fz, F4, F8, T3, C3, Cz, C4, T4, T5, P3, Pz, P4, T6, O1, O2,
⩌໬ຠᯝ࡜⊂❧࡟⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣᑐ⛠ᛶࡢ᳨
PO7 PO3, POz, PO4, PO8, Oz㸧࠿ࡽᑟฟࡋࡓ㸦ࣂࣥࢻࣃࢫࣇ࢕
ฟㄢ㢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐙⾜ᡂ⦼ࡀ㍤ᗘᴟᛶ࡟౫Ꮡࡋࡓඛ⾜▱ぢ
ࣝࢱ 0.1-30Hz㸹ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘ 200 Hz㸧ࠋ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕ࣇ࢓
㸦Brooks & Zwan, 2002㸧࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᑐ⛠ᛶ
ࢡࢺࢆྵࡴヨ⾜㸪ㄗ⟅࠾ࡼࡧ⾜ື཯ᛂ┤ᚋࡢヨ⾜ࢆ㝖࠸࡚㸪
࡟ࡼࡿ⩌໬ࡣᑐ⛠ᛶࡢ᳨ฟ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ቃ⏺᝟ሗ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚
่⃭ᥦ♧๓ 200 ms ࠿ࡽ ่⃭ᥦ♧ᚋ 800 ms ࢆຍ⟬ᖹᆒࡋࡓ
⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋ
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