ラバーハンド錯覚における筋電位及び皮膚電位反応

1B4
RSJ2013RS1B4 ©2013 RSJ
ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ㘒ぬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➽㟁఩ཬࡧ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢゎᯒ
㎷⌶┿*1㸪ᒣᕝ ༤ྖ *1㸪ᒣୗ ῟ *1㸪㧗ⲡᮌ ⸅ *2
๓⏣㈗グ*3㸪ຍ⸨ඖ୍㑻*3㸪ᒸ ᩗஅ *4㸪ῦ㛫 ୍ *1
Analysis of Electromyography and Skin Conductance Response
During Rubber Hand Illusion
Takuma TSUJI *1, Hiroshi YAMAKAWA *1, Atsushi YAMASHITA *1
Kaoru TAKAKUSAKI *2, Takaki MAEDA *3, Motoichiro KATO *3
Hiroyuki OKA *4, Hajime ASAMA *1
*1
Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
*2
Department of Physiology, Devision of Neural Function, Asahikawa Medical University
2-1 Midorigaoka-Higasghi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
*3
Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University
35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
*4
Department of Joint Disease Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Recently, brain mechanism of self body recognition attracts much attention, however, most previous researches have only focused on its functional side and lacked a perspective of its modelization.
Then in this research we aim at the rubber hand illusion (RHI), which is one of phenomena that the
sense of ownership (SOO) expands over the external world, and analyze consciousness of humans by
measuring electromyography (EMG) and skin conductance response (SCR). As a result of this research, it can be implied that RHI does not provoke expanse of self body beyond recognition and that
measurement of EMG is more superior to that of SCR in the point of instancy for RHI experiment.
Key Words : Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), Sense of Ownership (SOO), Electromyography (EMG),
Skin Conductance Response (SCR), Mirror System
1. ⥴ ゝ
㌟యࡢㄆ㆑࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⮬ᕫࡢ㌟య࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱
㏆ᖺ㸪⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎ࡟క࠸㸪ࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝࣜ࢔
ࣜࢸ࢕ࡸࣁࣉࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࣭㛤
Ⓨࡀάἣࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽ」ྜ⌧
ᐇឤࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᡃࠎࡢ᪥ᖖ࡟ࡼࡾᾐ㏱ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ
࡟ࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜ࡢඃࢀࡓ࢖ࣥࢱࣇ࢙࣮ࢫタィࡀ㔜せ
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ୟࡘ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍ࡭
ࡃ㸪᫖௒࡛ࡣ㸪ࣄࢺࡢ⬻ᶵ⬟ࡸ㌟యᶵ⬟ࢆᕤᏛⓗ
ഃ㠃࠿ࡽࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
≉࡟㸪⮬㌟ࡢ㌟యㄆ㆑࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⬻ෆ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣ
ᮍ㛤ࡢ㡿ᇦࡀከࡃ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪
ᮍࡔ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂࡟ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬
*1
ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉⢭ᐦᕤᏛᑓᨷ㸦ࠛ113-8656
ᮾி㒔ᩥி༊ᮏ㒓 7-3-1㸧[email protected]
*2
᪫ᕝ་⛉኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊⬻ᶵ⬟་ᕤᏛ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦ࠛ
078-8510 ໭ᾏ㐨᪫ᕝᕷ⥳ࡀୣᮾ 2 ᮲ 1 ୎┠㸧
*3
៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊⢭⚄⚄⤒⛉㸦ࠛ160-8582 ᮾி㒔᪂ᐟ
༊ಙ⃰⏫ 35 ␒ᆅ㸧
*4
ᮾி኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊௜ᒓ⑓㝔㛵⠇⑌ᝈ⥲ྜㅮᗙ㸦ࠛ113-8656
ᮾி㒔ᩥி༊ᮏ㒓 7-3-1㸧
ࡣ Jeannerod ࡀㄽᩥෆ࡛⏝࠸ࡓ㌟యᡤ᭷ឤ㸦SOO :
Sense of ownership㸧࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ(1)㸪㌟య࡟㛵
ࢃࡿ」ᩘࡢෆ㒊᝟ሗ㸦どぬ࣭ゐぬ➼ࡢឤぬ᝟ሗ㸧
ࡀ⬻ෆ࡛ྠ᫬࡟⤖ྜ㸪ཬࡧฎ⌮ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚⏕ࡌࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ (2)㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂ࡽ
࠿࡟ࡍ࡭ࡃ㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡀእ⏺ࡢᑐ㇟
࡟ᣑᙇࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥ
ࢻ㘒ぬ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ
኱㒊ศࡣ㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡀᣑᙇࡍࡿㅖ᮲௳ࡢ✲᫂࡟↔
Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⏕㉳࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢࣔࢹࣝ໬ࢆᅗ
ࡿ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➽
⥭ᙇࡢィ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ㘒ぬࡢᐈほⓗ
࡞᳨ドࢆヨࡳࡓࡀ (3)㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪➽⥭ᙇࢆྵࡴ」
ᩘࡢ⏕యィ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪㘒ぬࡀㄆ▱ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟␃
ࡲࡿࡢ࠿㸪ཬࡧෆほሗ࿌➼ࡢ୺ほࢆྵࡴ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿ᳨ド⤖ᯝ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡜ࡋ㸪㌟
యᡤ᭷ឤࡢ⏕ࡌࡿ⬻ෆ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㸬
╙࿁ࡠࡏ࠹ࠖࠢࠬࠪࡦࡐࠫࠕ㧔ᐕ㧟᦬ᣣ㨪ᣣ࡮ጊᒻ㧕
䇷㻌㻡㻢㻌䇷
RSJ2013RS1B4 ©2013 RSJ
2࣭1࣭2 ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂ ᮏ≀ࡢᡭ࡟ࡣ่⃭ࢆ୚
࠼ࡎ㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ࡟ࡢࡳ่⃭㸦ᣦࢆ↓⌮ࡸࡾ཯
ࡾ㏉ࡽࡏࡿ➼㸧ࢆ୚࠼ࡓ㝿ࡢ㸪ᮏ≀ࡢᡭ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
⢭⚄ᛶⓎờ࡟ࡼࡿ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂ㸦SCR : Skin conFake
ductance response㸧ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㸬RHI ࡀ⏕㉳ࡋ࡚࠸
Real
ࢀࡤ㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ࡟ࡢࡳ୚࠼ࡓ่⃭࡟ᑐࡍࡿᜍ
ᛧࡸ୙Ᏻ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ᮏ≀ࡢᡭ࡟่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡓሙྜ
ྠᵝ࡟ SCR ್ࡀඃ఩࡟ୖ᪼ࡍࡿ(8)㸬
Fig. 1 Experimental condition for the RHI experiment. Left
hand of the wall is fake, and right one is real.
2.
ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ㘒ぬ
2࣭2 RHI ⏕㉳࡟క࠺㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡢᣑᙇ㡿ᇦ
RHI ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⬻ෆ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛㸪RHI
ࡢ⏕㉳᫬࡟㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡢᣑᙇࡀㄆ▱ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓ㡿ᇦ
㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡀእ⏺ࡢᑐ㇟࡟ᣑᙇࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡢ㢧ⴭ
࡞౛ࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ㘒ぬ㸦RHI :
Rubber hand Illusion㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ(4)㸬ࡇ
ࢀࡣ㸪ᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪⮬ศࡢど⏺࠿ࡽ㞃ࡉࢀ
ࡓᮏ≀ࡢᡭ࡜㸪┠ࡢ๓࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓࣛࣂ࣮㸦ࣇ࢙࢖
ࢡ㸧ࣁࣥࢻ࡟⤮➹➼୍࡛ᐃ᫬㛫㸦⣙ 2㹼20 ศ⛬ᗘ㸧
᫬㛫ⓗ࣭✵㛫ⓗ࡟ྠᮇࡋࡓゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼⥆ࡅࡿ࡜㸪
ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻୖ࡟ゐ่⃭ࢆ▱ぬࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㘒
ぬ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㘒ぬ⌧㇟ࡣ㸪1998 ᖺ㸪Botvinick
࡜ Cohen ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ⱥᅜ Nature ㄅ࡛ึࡵ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ
࡚௨᮶㸪ᩘከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪㏣ヨᐇ㦂ࡸࡼ
ࡾヲ⣽࡞᳨ドࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᫖௒࡛ࡣ RHI ࡢ
⏕㉳࡟せࡍࡿ᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᮏ≀ࡢᡭ࡜ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥ
ࢻ࡬ࡢゐ่⃭ࡢ༑ศ࡞ྠᮇᛶ㸪ཬࡧ୧⪅ࡢᙧែⓗ
࡟ࡲ࡛ཬࡪࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ほⅬ࡜
࡞ࡿ㸬༶ࡕ㸪RHI ⏕㉳᫬࡟⏕ࡌࡿ཯ᛂࡣㄆ▱ࡢࣞ
࣋ࣝ࡟␃ࡲࡿࡢ࠿㸪ཪࡣ⬨㧊཯ᑕ㸦኱⬻ࢆ௓ࡉ࡞
࠸཯ᛂ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព㆑ࡢ࡞࠸཯ᛂࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡢ࠿࡜
࠸ࡗࡓほⅬ࡛ࡢ᳨ドࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ඛ
㏙ࡋࡓᚑ᮶ࡢ RHI ࡢ᳨ド᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪ෆほሗ࿌ࡣ⿕
㦂⪅ࡢ୺ほ࡟ᙉࡃ౫Ꮡࡋ㸪⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂ࡛ ᐃࡍ
ࡿ⢭⚄ᛶⓎờࡣ⿕㦂⪅ࡀព㆑ⓗ࡟ไᚚ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓ
ࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸㸬
ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪➽⥭ᙇィ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞
RHI ࡢ᳨ド᪉ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪RHI ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌟
యᡤ᭷ឤࡢᣑᙇࡀㄆ▱ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ㉸࠼࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡢ
࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
2࣭3 ➽⥭ᙇィ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ RHI ࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲ
RHI ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄆ▱ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ᛂ㸪
࡞㢮ఝᛶࡢ 2 Ⅼࡀ≉࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከᩘࡢㄽ
ᩥ➼࡛♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⬻Ἴ㸦EEG :
ཬࡧ⬨㧊཯ᑕࡢ➽⥭ᙇィ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᳨ド᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ
Electroencephalogram㸧ࢆᣦᶆ࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪RHI
࠸࡚㸪௨ୗ㸪ࡑࡢᴫ␎ࢆ㡰࡟㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
(5)
ࡢ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪኱⬻⓶㉁ෆࡢ㢌㡬ⴥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
࣐࢞ࣥἼ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(6)㸬
2࣭3࣭1 ㄆ▱ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ᛂࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲ
ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻࢆ⮬ศࡢᡭ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆ▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
2࣭1 RHI ࡢ᳨ド᪉ἲ RHI ࡢ⏕㉳ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿᚑ
ሙྜ㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ࡟ࣁ࣐࣮ࣥ➼࡛ᙉ࠸ᡴᧁࢆ୚
᮶ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㉁ၥ⣬࡟ࡼࡿෆほሗ
࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ㝿㸪ᜍᛧ࠿ࡽព㆑ⓗ࡟ᡭࢆᘬࡃ⾜Ⅽ
࿌ࡸ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢ ᐃ➼ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬௨ୗ㸪
ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ᡭࢆᘬࡃ㝿࡟౑
ྛࠎࡢᴫ␎ࢆ㡰࡟㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
⏝ࡍࡿ➽⫗ࡢ⥭ᙇࢆ㸪➽㟁఩㸦EMG : Electromy-
2࣭1࣭1 ෆほሗ࿌ ࠕ่⃭ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣛࣂ࣮ࣁ
ࣥࢻࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⮬ศࡢᡭࡀ่⃭ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺
ography㸧࠿ࡽ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪RHI ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿㄆ▱ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ཯ᛂࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
࡟ឤࡌࡓࠖ➼㸪」ᩘࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ 7 ௳ἲ㸦1 : ඲ࡃឤࡌ
2࣭3࣭2 ⬨㧊཯ᑕࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲ ㄆ▱ࢆ㉺࠼࡚ࣛ
࡞࠸㹼7 : ᙉࡃឤࡌࡿ㸧࡛ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿᙧᘧࡀ୺࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ࡬㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡀᣑᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ᐇ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ㦂ᚋ࡟⮬ศࡢᡭࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ఩⨨ࢆ⟅
㝿ࡢᡭ࡬ࡢ่⃭ࡀ↓ࡃ࡚ࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡣࡎࡢ⬨㧊཯
࠼㸪ᐇ㦂๓࡟⟅࠼ࡓ⮬ศࡢᡭࡢ఩⨨࡜ࡢ఩⨨ࢻࣜ
ᑕࡀ㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻࡢࡳ࡬ࡢ่⃭࡟ᛂࡌ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ
ࣇࢺࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ RHI ࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜࠺ᡭἲࡶᥦ
࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪⬨㧊཯ᑕࢆక࠺≉ᐃࡢ่
᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪RHI ࡀ⏕㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢᡭ
⃭ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪཯ᑕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ➽⫗ࡢ⥭ᙇࢆ㸪
ࡢ఩⨨࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ࡟ࡼࡾ㏆࠸఩⨨
➽㟁఩࠿ࡽ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪RHI ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
࡟ᮏ≀ࡢᡭࢆ▱ぬࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(7)㸬
⬨㧊཯ᑕࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
䇷㻌㻡㻣㻌䇷
RSJ2013RS1B4 ©2013 RSJ
Real
Table 1
Wall
Fake
1.
2.
3.
4.
Radius
5.
Flexor carpi radialis muscle
Biceps brachii
Fig. 2 Overview of the RHI experiment. Subject’s
own hand is set at the left side of the wall, and a fake
one is set at the right side, and subject can’t see an own
hand. Red marker shows radius, blue one shows flexor
radialis muscle and green one shows biceps brachii.
6.
7.
8.
9.
3.
ᐇ㦂ᴫせ
ᐇ㦂ࢆಠ▔ࡋࡓᵝᏊࢆᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬⾪❧ࡢᕥഃ
Questionnaires of introspection report.
It seems as if I were feeling the touch of the
paintbrush in the location where I saw the rubber
hand touched.
It seemed as though the touch I felt was caused
by the paintbrush touching the rubber hand.
I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand.
It seemed as if my (real) hand were drifting towards the right (towards the rubber hand).
It seemed as if I might have more than one hand
or arm.
It seemed as if the touch I was feeling came from
somewhere between my own hand and the rubber
hand.
It felt as if my (real) hand were turning ‘rubbery’.
It appeared (visually) as if the rubber hand were
drifting towards the left (towards my hand).
The rubber hand began to resemble my own (real) hand, in terms of shape, skin tone, freckles or
some other visual feature.
࡟⿕㦂⪅ࡢᕥᡭࢆ㸪ྑഃ࡟ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࢆᮏ≀
3࣭2 ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲ 」ᩘࡢᣦᶆ࡛
ࡢᡭ࡜ྠጼໃ࡛タ⨨ࡋ㸪⿕㦂⪅ࡀᮏ≀ࡢᡭࢆぢࡿ
ᚓࡽࢀࡿ RHI ࡢ᳨ド⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮏᐇ㦂
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⎔ቃࢆసࡿ㸬⿕㦂⪅ࡀࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁ
࡛ࡣ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂ࠿ࡽ⢭⚄ᛶⓎờࡢィ ࢆేࡏ࡚
ࣥࢻࡢࡳ࡟ど⥺ࢆ㞟୰ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫㸪ᐇ㦂⪅ࡀ⤮
⾜࠺㸬ィ 㒊఩ࡣ⢭⚄ᛶⓎờ㒊఩࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏᐇ㦂
➹ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᮏ≀ࡢᡭ࡜ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ࡟ྠᮇࡋࡓ
࡟ᨭ㞀ࢆ᮶ࡉ࡞࠸ྑᡭࡢᣦඛ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬⓶⭵㟁఩ࡢ
ゐ่⃭ࢆ୍ᐃ᫬㛫୚࠼⥆ࡅ㸪⿕㦂⪅࡟ RHI ࢆ⏕㉳
ᑟฟࡣ㏻㟁ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪㟁ᴟࢆ♧ᣦ㸦ேᕪࡋᣦ㸧
ࡉࡏࡓᚋ࡟㸪ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ 2 ࡘࡢ RHI ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㸬
࡜୰ᣦࡢ⭡࡟㈞௜ࡍࡿ㸬⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢ ᐃ࡟ࡣ
ࡲࡓ㸪⿕㦂⪅࡟ࡣ࣊ࢵࢻ࣍ࣥࢆ௓ࡋ࡚࣍࣡࢖ࢺࣀ
PowerLab, Bio Amp㸦ࣂ࢖࢜ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ♫㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪
࢖ࢬࢆᥦ♧ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᐇ㦂୰ࡢእ⏺㡢ࢆ㐽
ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘࡣ 1,000Hz ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
᩿ࡍࡿ㸬௨ୗ㸪ᐇ㦂ࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
3࣭3 ᐃࡢὶࢀ ྠᮇࡋࡓゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ๓
3࣭1 ➽⥭ᙇࡢ ᐃ㒊఩ ➽⥭ᙇࡢ ᐃ㒊఩ࡣ㸪
࡟㸪⿕㦂⪅࡟ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࡀ⮬ศࡢᡭ࡛࡞࠸ࡇ
┠ⓗ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚␗࡞ࡿ 2 ࠿ᡤ࡟ᐃࡵࡿ㸬ㄆ▱ࣞ࣋ࣝ
࡜ࢆ༑ศ࡟☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺㸬ࡑࡢୖ࡛ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ᛂ࡛ࡣᶨഃᡭ᰿ᒅ➽ࢆ㸪⬨㧊཯ᑕ࡛ࡣ
ࣥࢻࡢ⏥࡬ࡢᙉ࠸ᡴᧁ㸪ཬࡧᶨ㦵࡬ࡢ㐃⥆ࡋࡓ㐺
ୖ⭎஧㢌➽ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 2㸧
㸬ᶨഃᡭ᰿ᒅ➽ࡣ⫝㛵
ᗘ࡞ᡴᧁࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿᵝᏊࢆほᐹࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪ほ
⠇ࡢᒅ➽⿵ຓࢆ⾜࠺➽⫗࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௒ᅇࡢᐇ㦂࡟࠾
ᐹ᫬ࡢྛ➽࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➽㟁఩㸪ཬࡧⓎờࢆィ ࡍࡿ㸬
࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᡭࢆᘬࡃ㝿࡟ᚲ↛ⓗ࡟⫝㛵⠇ࡢᒅ᭤ࡀ⏕
ḟ࡟㸪10 ศ㛫⤮➹࡛ྠᮇࡋࡓ 1Hz ⛬ᗘࡢゐ่⃭
ࡌࡿࡓࡵ ᐃ࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⬨㧊཯ᑕ࡛ࡣ㸪ᶨ㦵
ࢆᮏ≀ࡢᡭ࡜ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ࡟୚࠼ࡓᚋ㸪ࣇ࢙࢖
࡬ࡢ㐺ᗘ࡞ᡴᧁ࡟క࠺⭎ᶨ㦵➽཯ᑕࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㸬
ࢡࣁࣥࢻ࡟ࡢࡳᙉ࠸ᡴᧁࢆ୚࠼㸪ࡑࡢ㝿ࡢᶨഃᡭ
ᶨ㦵࡬ࡢ่⃭ࡀୖ⭎஧㢌➽࡟ఏࢃࡾ㸪➽⥭ᙇࡀ⏕
᰿ᒅ➽࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➽㟁఩㸪ཬࡧⓎờࢆィ ࡍࡿ㸬
ࡌࡿࡓࡵ ᐃ࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑦ㸪฼ࡁᡭࡢ㐪࠸࡟
ࡑࡢᚋ㸪᭦࡟ 10 ศ㛫⤮➹࡛ྠᮇࡋࡓ 1Hz ⛬ᗘࡢ
ࡼࡿ RHI ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌࠿ࡽ(9)㸪௒ᅇ
ゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡓᚋ㸪ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࡢᶨ㦵࡟ 1㹼
ࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣᕥᡭ࡟ࡼࡿ ᐃ࡟⤫ไࡋࡓ㸬
2Hz ⛬ᗘࡢ 10 ᅇࡢ㐃⥆ࡋࡓ㐺ᗘ࡞ᡴᧁࢆ୚࠼㸦ణ
࠸ࡎࢀࡶ➽⥭ᙇࡣ➽㟁఩ࢆィ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ ᐃ
ࡋ㸪ᮏ≀ࡢᡭࡢᶨ㦵࡟ࡣ 5 ᅇ┠࡜ 7 ᅇ┠ࢆ㝖࠸࡚
ࢆ⾜࠺㸬➽㟁఩ࡢᑟฟࡣ཮ᴟᑟฟἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪㟁
ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ࡜ྠᮇࡋࡓᡴᧁࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍ
ᴟ㛫㊥㞳ࢆ 2cm ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ྛ➽࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁ᴟࡣ㸪ᶨ
ࡿ㸧
㸪ࡑࡢ㝿ࡢୖ⭎஧㢌➽ࡢ➽㟁఩ࢆィ ࡍࡿ㸬
ഃᡭ᰿ᒅ➽ࡣᚋ⫝㒊ୗ᪉ 1cm ࡢ㒊఩࡟㸪ୖ⭎஧㢌
඲࡚ࡢᐇ㦂ᚋ࡟ࡣ㸪Botvinick ࡜ Cohen ࡀᐇ㦂࡟
➽ࡣᚋ⫝㒊ୖ᪉ 1cm ࡢ㒊఩࡟㈞௜ࡍࡿ㸬➽㟁఩ࡢ
࡚⏝࠸ࡓィ 9 ಶࡢ㉁ၥ஦㡯࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿෆほሗ࿌
ィ ࡟ࡣ PowerLab, Bio Amp㸦ࣂ࢖࢜ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ♫㸧
᭩(4)ࢆ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ヂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟㸪YES / NO ࡢ஧ᢥᙧ
ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪
ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘࡣ 1,000Hz ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
ᘧ࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺㸦⾲ 1㸧
㸬
䇷㻌㻡㻤㻌䇷
Ratio of “YES”
Ratio of induced muscle tone
RSJ2013RS1B4 ©2013 RSJ
Before stimulation
Questionnaire
Fig. 3 Result of introspection report. Vertical axis
indicates the ratio of subjects who answered “YES” at
each question.
After stimulation
Fig. 4 Result of flexor carpi radialis muscle electromyography (EMG). Vertical axis indicates the ratio of
subjects who pulled a hand before or after stimulation.
Ratio of induced mascular reflex
4. ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ
⿕㦂⪅ࡣᮾி㒔ෆࡢ኱Ꮫ㸪ཪࡣ኱Ꮫ㝔࡟ᅾ⡠୰
ࡢ೺ᖖ࡞Ꮫ⏕ 11 ྡ㸦ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 22.5 ṓ㸪ࣞࣥࢪ 20 24 ṓ㸪⏨ᛶ 7 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 4 ྡ㸧࡛㸪ᐇ㦂┠ⓗ࡟㛵ࡋ
࡚஦๓▱㆑ࢆ᭷ࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ᑦ㸪ᮏᐇ㦂ࡣᮾி኱
Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊೔⌮ጤဨ఍ࡢᢎㄆࢆᚓ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⿕㦂⪅඲
ဨ࠿ࡽ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢻࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨
ୗ㸪ෆほሗ࿌㸪ᶨഃᡭ᰿ᒅ➽㸪ୖ⭎஧㢌➽ࡢ➽⥭
Before stimulation
After stimulation
ᙇ㸪ཬࡧ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㡰࡟⤖ᯝࢆ㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
4࣭1 ෆほሗ࿌⤖ᯝ ⿕㦂⪅඲ဨࡢෆほሗ࿌⤖
ᯝࢆᅗ 3 ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚♧ࡍ㸬ᑦ㸪1㹼9 ࡢ㉁ၥ␒ྕ࡟
ᑐᛂࡍࡿྛࠎࡢ㉁ၥ஦㡯ࡣ㸪⾲ 1 ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
㉁ၥ␒ྕ 1, 2, 3, 9 ࡟ YES ࡜⟅࠼ࡓ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ๭ྜ
ࡀ௚࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㧗࠸ഴྥࡣ㸪Botvinick ࡜ Cohen ࡀ
⾜ࡗࡓᐇ㦂ࡸ௚ࡢሗ࿌➼࡛ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⿕㦂⪅
࡟༑ศ࡞ RHI ࡀ⏕㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ཬࡧᮏᐇ㦂⎔
ቃࡢጇᙜᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࢆ
ࠕ⮬ศࡢᡭ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ㄆ▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿഴྥࡣ㸪㉁ၥ
␒ྕ 3 ࡢࠕࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࡀ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶ⮬ศࡢᡭࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡓࠖࡢ㉁ၥ஦㡯࠿ࡽ኱ซ᥎ ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜
⪃࠼ᚓࡿࡀ㸪11 ྡ୰ 9 ྡ࠿ࡽ YES ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓ㸬
4࣭2 ᶨഃᡭ᰿ᒅ➽ࡢ➽⥭ᙇィ ⤖ᯝ ⿕㦂⪅
Fig. 5 Result of biceps brachii electromyography
(EMG). Vertical axis indicates the ratio of blows which
induced a mascular reflex to a subject before or after
stimulation. Green bar shows the result of the blow to
both a real hand and a fake one, and red one shows the
result of the blow to a fake hand only.
4࣭3 ୖ⭎஧㢌➽ࡢ➽⥭ᙇィ ⤖ᯝ ⿕㦂⪅඲
ဨࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 5 ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚♧ࡍ㸬ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁ
ࣥࢻࡢᶨ㦵࡬ࡢᡴᧁ᫬࡟㸪࿘㎶ࣀ࢖ࢬ᭱኱᣺ᖜࡢ
5 ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ᣺ᖜࢆィ ࡋࡓᡴᧁࢆ➽཯ᑕࡀ⏕ࡌ
ࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᐃࡵ㸪ྠᮇࡋࡓゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ๓ᚋ࡟࠾
࠸࡚㸪཮᪉ࡢᶨ㦵࡬ࡢᡴᧁ㸪ཬࡧࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ
ࡢᶨ㦵ࡢࡳ࡬ࡢᡴᧁ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪➽཯ᑕࡀ⏕ࡌࡓᡴ
ᧁࡢ๭ྜࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
඲ဨࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 4 ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚♧ࡍ㸬ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡ
ྠᮇࡋࡓゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ๓ᚋࡢ཮᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪
ࣁࣥࢻ࡬ࡢᙉ࠸ᡴᧁ᫬࡟㸪࿘㎶ࣀ࢖ࢬ᭱኱᣺ᖜࡢ
ᮏ≀ࡢᡭ࡜ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࡢᶨ㦵࡟ᡴᧁࢆ୚࠼࡚
5 ಸࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ᣺ᖜࢆィ ࡋࡓᡴᧁࢆ➽⥭ᙇࡀ⏕ࡌ
࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸๭ྜ࡛➽཯ᑕࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸
ࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᐃࡵ㸪ྠᮇࡋࡓゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ๓ᚋ࡟࠾
ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࡢᶨ㦵࡟ࡢࡳᡴᧁ
࠸࡚㸪➽⥭ᙇࡀ⏕ࡌࡓᡴᧁࡢ๭ྜࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ྠᮇࡋࡓゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ๓࡟ࡣ඲ࡃ➽⥭ᙇࡀ⏕
ࢆ୚࠼ࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ➽཯ᑕࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝⏕ࡌ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪
ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ྠᮇࡋࡓ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡓᚋ࡛
ࢡࣁࣥࢻࡢᶨ㦵ࡢࡳ࡬ࡢᡴᧁ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ➽཯ᑕࡣ⏕
ࡣ 8 ๭௨ୖࡢᡴᧁ࡛➽⥭ᙇࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᡴᧁࢆ
ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪RHI
㑊ࡅࡿ࡭ࡃ㸪ព㆑ⓗ࡟ᡭࢆᘬ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉ
ࡢ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ඛࡢᐇ㦂࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ㄆ
ࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪RHI ࡢ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ㄆ
▱ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ᛂࡣ⏕ࡌࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪⬨㧊཯ᑕ
▱ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ཯ᛂࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
ࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
ᮏ≀ࡢᡭࡢᶨ㦵࡟ᡴᧁࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ㸪ࣇ࢙࢖
䇷㻌㻡㻥㻌䇷
Amount of increase in SCL (μS)
RSJ2013RS1B4 ©2013 RSJ
Carpi radialis muscle
electromyography (EMG)
Not
22㸣
㸣
Pulled a hand
Before stimulation
After stimulation
㸣
78㸣
Fig. 6 Result of skin conductance response (SCR).
Vertical axis indicates the amount of increase in skin
conductance level (SCL). Error bars show standard
error of the mean (SEM).
Skin conductance response (SCR)
4࣭
࣭4 ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝ ⿕㦂⪅඲ဨ
ࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢᖹᆒࢆᅗ 6 ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚♧ࡍ㸬ྠᮇࡋ
ࡓゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ๓ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ
ࡢ⏥࡬ࡢᙉ࠸ᡴᧁ᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⓶⭵㟁ẼఏᑟỈ‽
㸦SCL : Skin conductance level㸧ࡢୖ᪼㔞ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑦ㸪ᅗ 6 ࡢᆶ┤㍈࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༢఩ࡣᅜ㝿༢
Not
Elevated SCL
44㸣
㸣
56㸣
㸣
఩⣔㸦SI㸧࡛ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓ[S]㸦ࢪ࣮࣓ࣥࢫ㸸1S = 1mho
= 1Ω-1㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢢࣛࣇୖࡢ࢚࣮࣭ࣛࣂ࣮ࡣ
Fig. 7 Ratio of subjects who pulled a hand in carpi
radialis muscle EMG experiment and who elevated
SCL in SCR experiment, among nine subjects who
answered “YES” at the questionnaire No. 3 of the introspection report, “I felt as if the rubber hand were my
hand”. Blue area shows the ratio of subjects who
pulled a hand or elevated SCL, and red one shows the
ratio of subjects who did not.
ᖹᆒ್࠿ࡽࡢᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸦SEM㸧ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬SCL ್ࡣ㸪
ᡴᧁࡢ┤๓࠿ࡽᡴᧁᚋࡢᩘ⛊㛫࡟Ώࡾኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡌ
ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᡴᧁ๓ࡢᇶ‽࡜࡞ࡿ SCL ್ࢆᡴᧁ௨๓ 30
⛊࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ್㸪ᡴᧁᚋ࡟ᇶ‽್࠿ࡽẚ㍑ࡍࡿ
SCL ್ࢆᡴᧁ௨㝆 10 ⛊௨ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭱኱್࡜ᐃ
ࡵ࡚ホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ྠᮇࡋࡓゐ่⃭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ๓ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪SCL ࡢ
ୖ᪼㔞ࡀ⣙ 6.6 ಸቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ
࡬ࡢᡴᧁ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ⓨờࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢィ ࡟ࡼࡿ RHI ࡢ
᳨ドࡀጇᙜᛶࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ୺ほⓗ ᐃ࡜ᐈほⓗ ᐃࡀ␗࡞
ࡿ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪࡝ࡕࡽ࠿୍᪉ࡀṇࡋ࠸ ᐃ
᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸ษࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ෆほሗ࿌
࡟⏝࠸ࡓ㉁ၥ஦㡯ࡢෆ㸪᭱ࡶ⮬ᕫ㌟య࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ
▱ࢆᐈほⓗ࡟♧ࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㉁ၥ␒ྕ 3 ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚ YES ࡜⟅࠼ࡓ⿕㦂⪅ 9 ྡࡀ㸪ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ࡬
5. ⪃ᐹ
ࡢᡴᧁ᫬࡟➽⥭ᙇࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࠿㸪ཬࡧⓎờࡀ 5 ಸ௨
ඛࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆᇶ࡟㸪ෆほሗ
࿌㸪➽⥭ᙇ㸪ཬࡧ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢィ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ RHI
ࡢ᳨ド᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ㄆ▱ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓ㌟యᡤ
᭷ឤࡢᣑᙇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺㸬௨ୗ㸪ྛࠎࡢ
⪃ᐹ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㡰࡟㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
ୖ࡟ୖ᪼ࡋࡓ࠿ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡇࢀࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ㸬
㉁ၥ␒ྕ 3 ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ YES ࡜⟅࠼ࡓ⿕㦂⪅ 9 ྡࡢ
➽⥭ᙇ㸪ཬࡧ⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 7 ࡟♧
ࡍ㸬➽⥭ᙇィ ࡛ࡣ 78%ࡢ⿕㦂⪅ࡀ㸪⓶⭵㟁఩཯
ᛂィ ࡛ࡣ 56%ࡢ⿕㦂⪅ࡀෆほሗ࿌࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࣇ࢙
࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࢆ⮬ศࡢᡭ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆ▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
5.1 RHI ࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ෆ
ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪➽⥭ᙇィ ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪⓶⭵㟁
ほሗ࿌㸪ᶨഃᡭ᰿ᒅ➽ࡢ➽⥭ᙇ㸪ཬࡧ⓶⭵㟁఩཯
఩཯ᛂィ ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾ୺ほⓗ ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ
ᛂࡢィ ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪RHI ࡢ᳨ド㸪༶ࡕࣄࢺࡢ⮬
ྠᵝ࡟෌⌧ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
ᕫ㌟య࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡢ ᐃࢆヨࡳࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ
ࡲࡓ㸪่⃭࠿ࡽ཯ᛂࡲ࡛࡟࠿࠿ࡿ᫬㛫ࢆ⪃៖ࡍ
ෆ㸪ෆほሗ࿌࡛ࡣ୺ほⓗ࡟㸪➽⥭ᙇ㸪ཬࡧ⓶⭵㟁
ࡿ࡜㸪⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂィ ࡣⓎờࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡲ࡛࡟ᩘ
఩཯ᛂࡢ⏕యィ ࡛ࡣᐈほⓗ࡟ㄆ▱ࡀ ᐃࡉࢀ࡚
⛊ࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪➽⥭ᙇィ ࡣ▐㛫ⓗ
࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
࡞ ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪༶᫬ᛶ࡟ඃࢀࡿ฼Ⅼࢆᣢࡘ㸬
䇷㻌㻢㻜㻌䇷
RSJ2013RS1B4 ©2013 RSJ
5.2 ㄆ▱ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓ㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡢᣑᙇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㌟యᡤ᭷ឤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⬻ෆ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊
RHI ࡢ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪௒ᅇࡢ➽⥭ᙇィ ࢆ⏝
✲ࡣ㸪ඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᕤᏛⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽ
࠸ࡓᐇ㦂࠿ࡽ㸪ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻࡢ⏥࡬ࡢᙉ࠸ᡴᧁ
ࡎ㸪་Ꮫศ㔝ࡸᚰ⌮࣭ဴᏛศ㔝➼ࡢ௚ศ㔝࠿ࡽࡢ
࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ 8 ๭௨ୖࡢ⿕㦂⪅ࡀព㆑ⓗ࡟ᡭࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ
ὀ┠ࡶከࡃ㸪ᖜᗈ࠸ᛂ⏝ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡢᮏ◊
⤖ᯝ㸪ཬࡧࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ࡜ᮏ≀ࡢᡭࡢᶨ㦵཮᪉
✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ㘒ぬ࡟࠾ࡅ
࡬ᡴᧁࢆ୚࠼ࡓ㝿࡟ࡢࡳ➽཯ᑕࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࠿
ࡿ⬻ෆ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢࣔࢹࣝ໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪ࣄࢺࡢ㌟
ࡽ㸪㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡢᣑᙇࡣㄆ▱ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟␃ࡲࡿྍ
యㄆ㆑࡟㛵ࢃࡿ⬻ᶵ⬟ゎ᫂ࡢ୍ຓ࡜ࡋࡓ࠸㸬
⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬༶ࡕ㸪RHI ⏕㉳᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌟
ㅰ㎡
యᣑᙇࡣ㸪⬨㧊཯ᑕ࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪኱⬻ࢆ
௓ࡉ࡞࠸཯ᛂ࡟ࡣ᭷ຠ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⬨㧊ࡼࡾ㧗ḟࡢ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪᪂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵ
࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪
ᵓ㸦NEDO㸧
ࠕ⅏ᐖᑐᛂ↓ே໬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒◊✲㛤Ⓨࣉ
ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ㘒ぬࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ㸪㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡀእ
ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠖ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ⛉◊㈝ᇶ┙◊✲(B)24300198
⏺࡬ᣑᙇࡍࡿ㝿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⬻ෆ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆゎ᫂ࡍ
ࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡿୖ࡛㸪ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ほⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
ࡲࡓ㸪௒ᅇࡢ୍㐃ࡢᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୍㒊ࡢ⿕㦂
⪅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ෆほሗ࿌࡛ࡣ RHI ࡢ⏕㉳ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚
࠸࡞࠸㸦㉁ၥ␒ྕ 3 ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ NO ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧
࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡࣁࣥࢻ࡬ࡢᙉ࠸ᡴᧁ࡟
ᛂࡌ࡚➽⥭ᙇࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ౛ࡸ㸪Ⓨờࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓ౛ࡀ
☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬༶ࡕ㸪ෆほሗ࿌ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㚷ࡳࡿ࡜㸪
⮬㌟࡛ࡣ RHI ࡢ⏕㉳ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉ
ࢀࡿࡀ㸪⏕యィ ࡛᭷ຠ཯ᛂࢆ♧ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ⪃៖
ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᮏேࡢព㆑ࡢእ࡛ RHI ࡀ⏕㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ
⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
୍᪉࡛㸪௒ᚋࡢᮏ◊✲ࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁ
ࣥࢻ㘒ぬ࡜࣑࣮ࣛࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦Mirror system㸧࡜ࡢ
㛵㐃ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬࣑࣮ࣛ
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡣ㸪௚⪅⾜Ⅽࡢほᐹ᫬㸪⬻ෆ࡛⮬㌟ࡀ
௚⪅࡜ྠ୍ࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬࡜ྠᵝࡢ཯ᛂࢆ
♧ࡍ⌧㇟ࢆᣦࡍ(10)㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓほⅬ࠿ࡽࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥ
ࢻ㘒ぬࢆ㚷ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻୖ࡟ゐ่⃭ࢆ▱
ぬࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡣ㸪࣑࣮ࣛࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ᴟࡵ࡚㢮ఝࡍࡿ
࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ୧⪅ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ
ゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬
6. ⤖ゝ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪➽⥭ᙇࡢィ ࢆྵࡴ」ᩘࡢ⏕యィ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ RHI ࡢ᳨ド᪉ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪RHI ⏕㉳᫬࡟
࠾ࡅࡿ㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡢᣑᙇ㡿ᇦ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋࡓ㸬
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㌟యᡤ᭷ឤࡢᣑᙇ㡿ᇦࡣ㸪ㄆ▱ࡢࣞ࣋
ࣝ࡟␃ࡲࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬
ࡲࡓ㸪⓶⭵㟁఩཯ᛂࡢィ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ RHI ࡢ᳨ド
᪉ἲ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪➽⥭ᙇࡢィ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ RHI ࡢ᳨
ド᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࡼࡾෆほሗ࿌࡜ྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍྍ⬟
ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ཬࡧ ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚༶᫬ᛶ࡟ඃࢀࡿ
฼Ⅼࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
(1) Jeannerod, M., “The mechanism of self recognition in humans”, Behavioural Brain Research,
Vol. 142, (2003), pp. 1-15
(2) Gallagher, S., “Philosophical conceptions of the
self: implications for cognitive science”, Trends
in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 1, (2000), pp.
14-21.
(3) ㎷ ⌶┿, ᒣᕝ ༤ྖ, ᒣୗ ῟, 㧗ⲡᮌ ⸅, ๓
⏣ ㈗グ, ຍ⸨ ඖ୍㑻, ᒸ ᩗஅ, ῦ㛫 ୍,
͆➽⥭ᙇィ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣛࣂ࣮ࣁࣥࢻ㘒ぬࡢ ᐃ͇, ➨ 13 ᅇィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࢖ࣥ
ࢸࢢ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㒊㛛ㅮ₇఍㸦SI2012㸧ㄽᩥ㞟,
(2012), pp. 363–366.
(4) Botvinick, M. & Cohen, J., “Rubber hands 'feel'
touch that eyes see”, Nature, Vol. 391, (1998), pp.
756.
(5) Kammers, M. P. M., de Vignemont, F., Verhagen,
L. & Dijkerman, H. C., “The rubber hand illusion
in action”, Neuropsychologia, Vol. 47, (2009), pp.
204-211.
(6) Kanayama, N., Sato, A. & Ohira, H., “The role of
gamma band oscillations and synchrony on rubber hand illusion and crossmodal integration”,
Brain and Cognition, Vol. 69, (2009), pp. 19–29.
(7) Tsakiris, M. & Haggard, P., “The Rubber Hand
Illusion Revisited: Visuotactile Integration and
Self-Attribution”, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,
Vol. 31, No. 1, (2005), pp. 80-91.
(8) Armel, K. C. & Ramachandran, V. S., “Projecting
sensations to external objects: evidence from skin
conductance response”, Proceedings of the Royal
Society, Biological Sciences, Vol. 270, (2003), pp.
1499-1506.
(9) Haans, A., IJsselsteijn, W. A., & de Kort, Y. A. W.,
“The effect of similarities in skin texture and
hand shape on perceived ownership of a fake lim”,
Body Image, Vol. 5, No. 4, (2008), pp. 389-394
(10) Keysers, C., Wincker, B., Gazzola, V., Jean-Luc,
A., Fogassi., L. & Gallese, V., “A Touching Sight:
SII/PV Activation during the Observation and
Experience of Touch”, Neuron, Vol. 42, No. 2,
(2004), pp. 335-346.
䇷㻌㻢㻝㻌䇷