スクリプト - 英検 公益財団法人 日本英語検定協会

“Listen and Speak!
らくらく英検２級
～ 英語ができる人になる ～
第9回
More or less, things get clear by Comparison
Script
＊ はじめに ＊
この番組は英検でおなじみの、日本英語検定協会がお送りする、すべての『英語ができる人』
になりたい人たちのための番組です。これから英検２級や準２級を目指す人はもちろん、さら
にその上を目指して、本当に『英語ができる人』になりたいというあなたにとって必ず役にた
ちますよ。後半はちょっと難しかったり、大変だったりするかもしれませんが、私、伊藤太と
頼れるパートナーの Gary Scott Fine がしっかり『英語ができる人』になりたいあなたをサポ
ートします。
Yes, this program will not only help you succeed on Eiken Tests, but it will also help you
improve your English ability, especially listening and speaking. However, the real aim of
this program is to help you learn more than English itself.
We are not just interested in whether you can use English, but in what you can do with
English.
Program Number 9
“More or less, things get clear by Comparison”
さて、今回のタイトル “More or less, things get clear by Comparison” は「比較を使うと多
少なりとも物事がわかりやすくなる」という意味です。私たちは普段、あまり意識せずに人や
物事を比較したり、あえて比較を使うことで違いを明らかにしたりしていますね。これは当然、
英語でも同じです。今回は様々な形で比較表現を使いながら、その便利さを実感して、表現の
バリエーションを増やすようにしましょう。
それでは、この後のヒントになるかもしれないので、まずはゲーリーと私の会話を聞いてく
ださい。
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■Introduction
G: What’s wrong, Futoshi? You look exhausted.
F: I am exhausted. I woke up very late this morning, so I had to run to the station, run to
change trains, and run from the station to the studio in order not to be late to see you here,
phew...
G: Haha. If you’d gotten up earlier, you wouldn’t have had to run all the way.
F: Yeah, but that’s easier said than done. Getting up early in the morning has been one of the
biggest problems for me. As soon as the alarm clock starts, I turn it off and go back to
sleep.
G: That’s no good. What type of alarm clock do you have?
F: It’s quite an ordinary one with two bells on the top.
G: It sounds very old-fashioned. You should throw it away as soon as possible and get Alarmy
instead.
F: What? Al – Alarmy?
G:
Alarmy. It’s one of the most popular smartphone alarm clock applications. And right now,
you can buy it for less than two dollars. It’s more effective than many other alarm clocks
because it’s much more difficult to turn off the alarm. To stop the alarm, you have to take
almost the same picture you chose the previous night, for example, a picture of your
breakfast table or of your toilet. That means you have to get out of bed, go to the bathroom,
and take a picture of your toilet in order to stop Alarmy.
F: That’s amazing. And it might be very effective for most people. But for me… I’m afraid it
would not only be useless, but also dangerous .
G: Dangerous? Why?
F: Because if I mistakenly choose a picture of the toilet in your office, then I’ll have to run all
the way to your office again!
G: Futoshi, are you saying you’re in the habit of taking pictures of other people’s toilets? This
conversation is getting a bit strange. I think it’s time we started today’s exercises!
F: You are right…
And now…
G/F: Here we go!
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１
Exercise 1
dialogue
これから流れる男女の対話を聞いて、後の問いに答えてください。これから流れる対話は過去
の英検に出題されたリスニング問題の一つです。実際の問題は、対話を聞いてから適当な選択
肢を選ぶ形式ですが、ここではちょっと頑張って、ゲーリーの質問に自分の言葉を使って英語
で答えてみるようにしてください。いいですか、もう一度言いますよ。対話を聞いた後、ゲー
リーの質問に自分の言葉で答えてくださいね。二次試験の面接対策にもなりますし、とても役
に立ちますよ。それでは、始めます。
Listen to the dialogue and answer the question that follows. 【2013-3 pre-2nd No.13】
(M=Man / W=Woman) W: Hey, Tom! Welcome to Silvertown. How was the bus ride? M: It was really long. The trip took two hours longer than it was supposed to. It was snowing a lot in the mountains, so the driver had to go slowly. W: Well, at least you got here safely. M: Yeah. Next time I think I’ll take the train, though. Answer the following question in your own words.
Question : Which will Tom probably use to go to Silvertown next time, the bus or the train, and why? それでは、語彙と会話の表現について確認をしましょう。
■Let’s study vocabulary and expressions
Listen to my Japanese and repeat after Gary in English.
1. ～することになっている
be supposed to
2. 山脈
the mountains
3. 少なくとも
at least
4. 安全に
safely
それでは、少し答え方についてヒントを出しましょう。Tom は今回、バスで Silvertown に
行ったようですが、最後に “Next time I’ll take the train, though.” と言っているのが聞き取れ
ましたか。なぜ、こう言っているのかについて、
「比較」という観点に注意しながらもう一度聞
いてみましょう。答えに比較表現を使うときっと上手くいくはずです。
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Listen to the dialogue and answer the question that follows. 【2013-3 pre-2nd No.13】
(M=Man / W=Woman) W: Hey, Tom! Welcome to Silvertown. How was the bus ride? M: It was really long. The trip took two hours longer than it was supposed to. It was snowing a lot in the mountains, so the driver had to go slowly. W: Well, at least you got here safely. M: Yeah. Next time I think I’ll take the train, though. Answer the following question in your own words.
Question : Which will Tom probably use to go to Silvertown next time, the bus or the train, and why?
■Model answer
Listen to the model and compare it with your answer.
Question: Which will Tom probably use to go to Silvertown next time, the bus or the train, and why?
He will probably use the train because it may take less time than using the bus.
Or
He will probably use the train because the bus ride took twice as long it was supposed to.
では少し確認しましょう。Tom が次に the train を使うことは明らかですが、その理由について
も答えなければなりません。初めのモデルアンサーでは、未来で使うであろう the train を中心
にして the bus との比較をしていますね。 それで、“He will probably use the train because it
may take less time than using the bus.” となるわけです。これに対して後のモデルアンサーで
は、実際に使ったバスと想定していた所要時間とを比較しています。ですから、 “He will probably
use the train because the bus ride took two hours longer than it was supposed to.” となります
ね。
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２
Exercise 2
passage
このエクササイズでは、短い文章が読まれた後にゲーリーが一つ質問をしますので、自分が
思ったことを自由に答えてください。主語と正しい答え方に注意して、聞かれたことに対して
まっすぐ答えてくださいね。
Listen to the passage and answer the question that follows. 【2013-1 2nd No.21】
Attention, everyone. I know you’re all busy getting ready for our presentation at EPS Computers, but I just received a telephone call from its company president, Paul Nixon. He wants us to give the presentation two days earlier than we expected. That means you have to be ready by Monday, not Wednesday. If you can’t finish everything by Monday, please talk to me. Answer the following question in your own words.
Question : What does the speaker want the staff members to do?
さあ、きちんと聞き取れましたか。それでは、少し語彙と英文の表現を確認しましょう。
■Let’s study vocabulary and expressions
Listen to my Japanese and repeat after Gary in English.
1. ～するのに忙しい
be busy ～ing
2. ～の準備をする
get ready for ～
3. ～を予想する、期待する
expect ～
実際のビジネスではよくありそうな話ですね。この speaker は EPS Computers という会社の
president から電話があって、準備中のプレゼンテーションを予定より早めなければならないとス
タッフに伝えているところのようです。こうしたお得意様の無理難題を自分の部下に伝える立場
になって、自分なら何を強調したいかを考えながら、ここでも是非、比較表現を使って答えてみ
るようにしてください。それでは、この点に注意して、もう一度聞いてください。
Listen to the passage and answer the question that follows. 【2013-1 2nd No.21】
Attention, everyone. I know you’re all busy getting ready for our presentation at EPS Computers, but I just received a telephone call from its company president, Paul Nixon. He wants us to give the presentation two days earlier than we expected. That means you have to be ready by Monday, not Wednesday. If you can’t finish everything by Monday, please talk to me. 5
Answer the following question in your own words.
Question : What does the speaker want the staff members to do?
■Model answer
Listen to the model and compare it with your answer.
Question: What does the speaker want the staff members to do?
He wants them to be ready for the presentation by Monday, not Wednesday.
Or
He wants them to finish getting ready for the presentation two days earlier than they
expected.
さあ、どうでしたか。映画などでもよくありそうなシーンかもしれませんね。初めのモデルア
ンサーで強調しているのは “have to be ready” と “by Monday, not Wednesday” 、後のモデル
アンサーでは “have to finish” と “two days earlier” が強調されていますね。このように強調し
たい点を強く意識しながら話す練習をしていくと、後は自然に言葉が出てくるようになります。
ですから、この後の repetition drill と shadowing drill では、皆さんもこの speaker になりきっ
て、いかにも自分が言いたいことを言っているような感覚で練習してみてください。私もキング
牧師やケネディ大統領などの有名なスピーチを、完全になりきってよく練習したものです。こう
した練習は「英語ができる人」になるのに必ず役に立ちますよ。
F: I think that one of the most effective ways to become a good speaker of English is to
perform as a character in an English-language drama. Gary, don’t you think we should
recommend this to our listeners?
G: Absolutely, yes. That’s a very good way to improve your English, and I highly recommend it.
The idea is not only to memorize all of the character’s lines, but also to understand, explore,
and develop the character’s inner life – the character’s background, relationships, motivations,
and feelings – as well as the situation, just as a professional actor does. If you speak the lines
as if you really were the character, then your brain will cognize the lines as your own and
store them in your vocabulary or word stock. It’s an effective – and I think fun – way to
improve your English. Why not make believe you’re a professional actor!
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■Repetition Drill using the passage
さあ、ここからは、放送された英文について Repetition Drill を行います。repetition は反復
でしたね。ポーズの間にゲーリーの英語をできるだけそっくりに真似してみましょう。単語の
発音だけでなく、イントネーションや雰囲気も真似してくださいね。
1) Repetition Drill
Repeat during each pause. Practice again and again, and you’ll surely improve.
Ready?
Let’s begin.
Attention, everyone. //
I know you’re all busy /
getting ready for our presentation at EPS Computers, /
but I just received a telephone call from its company president, Paul Nixon. //
He wants us to give the presentation /
two days earlier than we expected. //
That means /
you have to be ready by Monday, not Wednesday. //
If you can’t finish everything by Monday, /
please talk to me. //
どうでしたか。上手に真似ができると楽しいですね。さあ、次は「英語ができる人」は必ずと
言っていいほど練習するシャドウイングにいきます。私が実際、少しシャドウイングのお手本
を示しますね。ゲーリーの後に続いてシャドウイング、つまり、ゲーリーの言葉の影を追うよ
うな形で、聞きながらゲーリーの言葉を真似していきます。
2) Shadowing Drill 1
While listening, shadow each part.
(G → F)
Attention, everyone. //
I know you’re all busy /
getting ready for our presentation at EPS Computers, /
but I just received a telephone call from its company president, Paul Nixon. //
He wants us to give the presentation /
two days earlier than we expected. //
That means /
you have to be ready by Monday, not Wednesday. //
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If you can’t finish everything by Monday, /
please talk to me. //
要領はつかめましたね。次は実際に自分で shadowing にチャレンジしてください。shadowing
は自分で speaking をするという負荷をかけながら listening をするので、筋トレと同じように「耳
トレ」になります。必ず listening の能力が向上しますので、できるまで何度でも繰り返してくだ
さい。
聞く音声の方を大きくして、自分の声はあまり聞こえないようにすると一層効果が上がりますよ。
2) Shadowing Drill 1
While listening, shadow each part.
Ready?
Let’s begin.
Attention, everyone. //
I know you’re all busy /
getting ready for our presentation at EPS Computers, /
but I just received a telephone call from its company president, Paul Nixon. //
He wants us to give the presentation /
two days earlier than we expected. //
That means /
you have to be ready by Monday, not Wednesday. //
If you can’t finish everything by Monday, /
please talk to me. //
どうですか。できるようになるとすごく楽しいし、やりがいがあるでしょう。次はセンテン
スの途中に区切りはありませんよ。各センテンスの間も短いですから、一気にパッセージ全体
をシャドウイングできるように頑張ってくださいね。できたらとても達成感が得られますよ。
3) Shadowing Drill 2
Shadow the whole passage from the beginning to the end. Practice again and again. It may be
much harder, but you will enjoy a feeling of accomplishment, if you can. Ready?
Attention, everyone. //
I know you’re all busy getting ready for our presentation at EPS Computers, /
but I just received a telephone call from its company president, Paul Nixon. //
He wants us to give the presentation two days earlier than we expected. //
That means you have to be ready by Monday, not Wednesday. //
If you can’t finish everything by Monday, please talk to me. //
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Let’s begin.
３
Challenge
passage & opinion
さて、いよいよ最後のエクササイズ、チャレンジのコーナーです。ここからは一気に英語だけ
で進めて行きますから、しっかり集中してくださいね。
Listen to the passage, and answer Gary’s question. 【2013-1
2nd No.22】
In the past, travelers had to plan their trips by themselves. In 1841, however, an Englishman named Thomas Cook had the idea of organizing a train trip and having people pay to join it. He offered them a package tour that included train tickets and food. Later, he started a travel agency, and it became successful. Many people say it was the first one in the world. Now, Gary is going to make several points about the passage, and then ask you a question.
Please answer his question. You should express your opinion as well as you can.
According to the passage, an Englishman named Thomas Cook was the first person to
offer a package tour, and he made a big success in the travel business. Here’s something
else to think about: Thomas Cook was also the first one to create “travelers checks,” which
are safer for travelers than cash because traveler’s checks cannot be used without the
owner’s signature. This was one of the biggest factors that enabled Thomas Cook to become
so successful. In fact, until about only two decades ago, most travelers who went abroad
used traveler’s checks. Today, however, few use them. Instead, most travelers today use
credit cards.
Now, I would like to ask you a question. Which do you prefer to use for shopping, cash,
checks, or credit cards?
Please explain your answer.
■Model
Now, let’s listen to Futoshi. He will present a model response. Listen and compare it with
your answer.
I prefer using credit cards. One of the reasons is that it’s much easier to carry them than the
other two. Both cash and checks get thicker as you have to pay more money or pay at more
shops. But the size of a credit card doesn’t change. Besides, credit cards are by far the most
convenient, especially when you purchase something on line. You have only to input the
necessary information on a website in order to purchase a product immediately, even from
abroad. Of course, I know there are reports that show credit card users tend to be less
conscious about how much money they use per month and are apt to buy more things than
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those without credit cards. However, that’s not a problem with credit cards, but a matter of
individuals’ self-control. All in all, I think credit cards are more useful to me and I prefer to
use them.
How was it? Could you catch what Futoshi said? Did you understand his points?
Okay, now he will explain what he just said. Please listen.
はい、ゲーリーは、トーマス・クックがパッケージツアーを開発した最初の人物であること、
そして旅行代理店で大成功したという passage の内容を要約した上で、実はトーマス・クック
はトラベラーズチェックという海外旅行の際に大変便利な言わば「海外旅行用の小切手」を開
発した人物であること、実はこれが彼の旅行業での大成功の大きな要因の一つだったことを説
明してくれました。海外旅行にどっさり現金を持っていくのは危険ですからね。ところが、つ
い 20 年ほど前までは主流だったトラベラーズチェックも、あっという間にクレジットカードに
とって代わられたことを紹介して、皆さんは現金と小切手とクレジットカードのどれが一番使
いやすいかという質問をしました。
これに対して私は、 クレジットカードの優位性を大きく二つ挙げた上で、欠点として指摘さ
れている部分にも触れながら、
「確かに～だけれども、問題なのは○○ではなく☓☓だ」という
「譲歩＋主張」を使って、主張を補強したのがわかりましたか。これはこのシリーズの第 3 回
でも詳しく説明しているので、今回のスクリプトだけでなく、第 3 回のスクリプトも是非、英
検のウェブサイトからダウンロードして確認してくださいね。
Now, let’s listen to Futoshi again. Please listen carefully, and focus on his opinion, and the
way in which he expresses it.
I prefer using credit cards. One of the reasons is that it’s much easier to carry them than the
other two. Both cash and checks get thicker as you have to pay more money or pay at more
shops. But the size of a credit card doesn’t change. Besides, credit cards are by far the most
convenient, especially when you purchase something on line. You have only to input the
necessary information on a website in order to purchase a product immediately, even from
abroad. Of course, I know there are reports that show credit card users tend to be less
conscious about how much money they use per month and are apt to buy more things than
those without credit cards. However, that’s not a problem with credit cards, but a matter of
individuals’ self-control. All in all, I think credit cards are more useful to me and I prefer to
use them.
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■Closing Dialogue
G: Futoshi, I think it’s amazing that we’re living in a world that is so much more advanced
and convenient than we could have imagined, let’s say, about fifteen years ago, at the end of
the previous century. Don’t you think so?
F: Yes, I think so, too. At that time, or even ten years ago, I didn’t imagine that we would be
able to buy almost anything with a personal computer at home, much less with a smart
phone in a commuter train!
G: Yeah. The modern world is advancing very quickly. Even credit cards, which we think of as
so useful, could be replaced by something new any day. Just like alarm clocks: People might
have seen them as revolutionary when invented, but they’re being replaced by more
revolutionary smart phone applications today.
F: Hmm, I agree. By the way, speaking of smart phone apps, do you think I should try
Alarmy?
G: Sure. It’s supposed to be more effective than an ordinary alarm clock for getting you out of
bed. Why don’t you try it?
F: I think I will.
G: You could download it right now.
F: Good idea. Then I can use it tomorrow morning!
G: Right! Don’t forget to take a picture of the toilet in this studio before you leave.
F: Oh, Gary, you’re playing a cruel joke on me…
さあ、今回のレッスンはどうでしたか。後半は少し難しかったかもしれませんね。是非、英検
のウェブサイトからスクリプトをダウンロードして復習してください。それから何度も聞き直し
て、自分でも話せるように練習してみてくださいね。Repetition や Shadowing だけでなく、
話す内容の構成を組み立てること、そして相手に伝えること、こうしたトレーニングを続ければ、
あなたも必ず「英語ができる人」になります。
ところで今回、第 9 回目のタイトルは “More or less, things get clear by Comparison” とや
や、強引に「比較」を意識し過ぎたタイトルだったかもしれませんね。ただし、私たちは実際に
様々な場面で「比較」を使っていることも今回のレッスンでわかってもらえたはずです。皆さん
も「英語ができる人」を目指して、是非、様々な比較表現を使いながら表現の幅を広げたり、説
得力を増したりするようしっかり練習してくださいね。
Well, then…
See you next time!
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＜講師陣プロフィール＞
伊藤
太 （Futoshi Ito）
大手予備校・有名進学塾等で英語講師を務め、東大クラス・医学部コース等を担当。作成した
教材から東大・筑波大等の入試長文問題を的中。コーチングを取り入れた研修方法を確立し、
数多くの講師・教員の授業力・授業アンケート向上に寄与。現在、多数の私立学校にコンサル
タント、アドバイザーとして関わるとともに、ネイティブスピーカーを含む学校教員・予備校
講師（100 名超）のコーチを務める。
ゲイリー・スコット・ファイン（Gary Scott Fine）
オレゴン州ポートランド出身。スタンフォード大学大学院修士課程修了（東アジア研究）、南カ
リフォルニア大学大学院修士課程修了（映画・テレビ研究）
。現在、東海大学教育研究所准教授。
主な研究テーマはエンターティーメントメディアを通じた第二言語習得。
朝日新聞・土曜版、『ENGLISH JOURNAL』（アルク）、『CNN ENGLISH EXPRESS』（朝日
出版社）に映画・ドラマに関わる英語コラムを連載中。NHK 教育テレビ、アルクヒアリングマ
ラソン等多数の番組で出演及びテキスト執筆で活躍。
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