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Title Author(s) Citation Issue Date 独創的な文理融合研究によるレアメタル回収技術開発と 実践的展開への挑戦 : 先人の知恵の結晶を未来に活かす 三好, 恵真子; 姉崎, 正治 大阪大学大学院人間科学研究科紀要. 39 P.153-P.174 2013-03-30 Text Version publisher URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/24784 DOI Rights Osaka University 153 ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ Ѹඛேࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࢆᮍ᮶άࡍѸ ୕ࠉዲࠉᜨ┿Ꮚ࣭ጜࠉᓮࠉṇࠉ ┠ࠉḟ 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ 㸰㸬⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡽぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟᇶ♏⌮ㄽᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ 㸱㸬ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ྥࡅࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᚩᚋࡢᒎᮃ 㸲㸬࠾ࢃࡾ 㜰ᏛᏛ㝔ே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉⣖せ 㸹㸦㸧 155 ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ Ѹඛேࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࢆᮍ᮶άࡍѸ ୕ࠉዲࠉᜨ┿Ꮚ࣭ጜࠉᓮࠉṇࠉࠉ 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ࠉᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ2000ᖺᚠ⎔ᆺ♫㛵㐃භἲࡀᡂ❧ࡋࠊᚠ⎔ᆺ♫ᙧᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠊᗫ Რ≀⟶⌮ᨻ⟇ࡢἲయ⣔ࡀ㡰ㄪᩚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ ࠕᅜෆࠖ࠾ࡅࡿᚠ⎔࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ㐍ᒎࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊᚠ⎔㈨※(⏕ ㈨※࣭୰ྂရ)ࡢ㈠᫆ࡼࡿ㉺ቃ⛣ືࡀᣑࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ(ᑠᓥ㸪2005)ࠊࡲࡓ⛣ືඛࡢ⌧ᆅ♫ ࡛ࡣ㐺ษ࡞ฎ⌮ࡼࡿ⎔ቃ࣭ேయởᰁࡶᾋୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ⏝ ῭ࡳᐙ㟁〇ရ4ရ┠(ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥ⟶ᆺࢸࣞࣅ㸪࢚ࢥࣥ㸪෭ⶶᗜ࣭෭ᗜ㸪Ὑ℆ᶵ)ࢆᑐ㇟ ࡋࡓࠕᐙ㟁ࣜࢧࢡࣝἲࠖࡀ2001ᖺ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢἲ࣮ࣝࢺࡽࡎࠊ⌧⾜࡛ࡣ ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡉࢀࡿ㐣༙ᩘࡶࡢࡰࡿᗫᐙ㟁ࡣࠊ㐺ษ࡞ฎ⌮ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠕぢ࠼࡞࠸ࣇ࣮ࣟࠖࡢ୰Ꮡᅾࡍࡿゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᑎᅬ㸪2008㸹ᑎᅬࡽ㸪2012)ࠋ ࠉ᪉ࠊ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵࢡࡼࡿᡴᧁࠊࡉࡽࡣ2010ᖺࡢᑤ㛶ㅖᓥἈ࡛ࡢ୰ᅜ⁺⯪⾪✺ ࡶᙉ࠸㏣࠸㢼࡞ࡗࡓ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ౪⤥㞀ᐖᏳᐃ࡞ᅜ㝿ໃ➼㚷ࡳࠊ≉ ᡃࡀᅜࡢᙉࡳ࡛࠶ࡿᢏ⾡ຊࢆ᭱㝈άࡋ࡚ࠕ㈨※ᅜࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ㈨※࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ ౪⤥㠉ࠖࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡀᅜᐙⓗᡓ␎ࡋ࡚┠ㄽࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬㸪2009)ࠋ୰࡛ ࡶࠕ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣࠖ1)ࡽᏳ౯࡛ຠ⋡ࡼࡃ࣮ࣜࣘࢫ࣭ࣜࢧࢡࣝࢆᐇࡍࡿ㔜せᛶࡀᛴ㏿㧗 ࡲࡾࠊ≉₯ᅾⓗᅇྍ⬟ྎᩘࡀᖺ㛫5,000ྎ㐩ࡍࡿ⏝῭࣭ᗫᲠᦠᖏ㟁ヰ(⎔ቃ┬࣭ ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬, 2010)ࡽࡢ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࡢᅇࡢᐇ㊶ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㔠ᒓඖ⣲ᡓ␎ୖࡢ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟 ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆྵࡴᑠᆺᗫᐙ㟁ࡢἲไᗘ ࠾ࡅࡿࣜࢧࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᮍᩚഛ࡛࠶ࡗࡓୖࠊ✀ࠎࡢ⌮⏤(ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࣮㸪 㧗ᶵ⬟➼)ࡼࡾࠊ㏥ⶶရࡢᙧࡶྵࡵ࡚ᮍᅇࡢࡲࡲ␃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀከࡃ(⎔ቃ┬࣭ ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬㸪2010)ࠊࣜࢧࢡࣝ㐣⛬(ᅇᕤ⛬㸪◚○ᕤ⛬㸪㔠ᒓᢳฟᕤ⛬)ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡶࠊ ࡑࡢᅇ⋡ࡀప࠸ࡇࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ₯ᅾⓗᅇྍ⬟ྎᩘࡽぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓሙ ྜࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝ㍺ධ㔞༨ࡵࡿྜࡣ⣙0.2㸣ᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ ࡣ」ᩘࡢ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࡀ⣧ᗘࡢ㧗࠸≧ែ࡛ΰྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㧗౯್ࡢ㈨※࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡣぢ㏨ࡏ ࡎࠊᐃᖖⓗ࡞ᅇࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᚲせᛶ㏕ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫ⓗせㄳ㐃ືࡋࠊ୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟ᗫᲠ≀≀࣭ࣜࢧࢡࣝ㒊ᑠᆺ㟁Ẽ㟁 Ꮚᶵჾࣜࢧࢡࣝไᗘཬࡧ⏝῭〇ရ୰ࡢ᭷⏝㈗㔠ᒓࡢ⏕⏝㛵ࡍࡿᑠጤဨ࠾ ࠸࡚ࠊ2012ᖺ1᭶ᑠᆺ㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚᶵჾࣜࢧࢡࣝไᗘࡀྲྀࡾࡲࡵࡽࢀࠊ3᭶ࠕ⏝ ῭ᑠᆺ㟁Ꮚᶵჾ➼ࡢ㈨※ࡢಁ㐍㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࠖࡢ㛶㆟Ỵᐃࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ8᭶ᅜ࡚ྍ Ỵ࣭ᡂ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏไᗘࡣࠊ2013ᖺࡼࡾ㒊ศⓗ⾜ࡉࢀࠊ௨ᚋ2ᖺ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕἲᩚഛࡉ 156 ࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡀࠊࠕㄡ⩏ົࢆࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚⮬ⓗᅇ ᪉ἲࡸࣜࢧࢡࣝᐇ᪉ἲࢆᕤኵࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢྜࢃࡏࡓᙧ࡛ࣜࢧࢡࣝ ࢆᐇࡍࡿಁ㐍ᆺࡢไᗘࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢁࡽࣜࢧࢡࣝࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࠊᅇ⋡ࢆቑࡸࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᚎࠎရ┠㸪㖔✀㸪ᆅᇦࢆᣑࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠖ ࡢ⟅⏦ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ไᗘタィࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ(᳃ୗ㸪2012)ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ⩏ົᆺࡣ ␗࡞ࡾࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡶ✚ᴟⓗཧ⏬ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢయᛶ࣭ከᵝᛶࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇࢁࡀ≉ฟࡍ ࡁὀ┠Ⅼ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠉࡇࡢไᗘඛ❧ࡕࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢᅇ࣭㞟࣭㐠ᦙ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊヲ⣽࡞ㄪᰝ࣭ศᯒࢆ㔜 ࡡ࡚࠸ࡿᮧୖࡢ⥲ㄝ(2012)ࡼࢀࡤࠊୖ㏙ࡢᾏእࡢࠕぢ࠼࡞࠸ࣇ࣮ࣟࠖࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㏥ ⶶྥ࠺㔞ࡀᅽಽⓗከࡃࠊࡲࡓ⮬య➼࡛ᅇࡉࢀ࡚ࡶࣜࢧࢡࣝࡉࢀࡎᇙࡵ❧ ࡚ฎศࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ༙࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㐠⏝ୖࡢㄢ㢟 ࡶලయⓗᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ㔜せ࡞╔║Ⅼ㐃ືࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ ࡓࡵࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ≀ὶࡢഃ㠃ࡽẁ㝵ⓗ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᩚ⌮ࡋ┤ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢḟ ඖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡞ࡿࡢࡀࠕຠ⋡࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ᅇ࣭㞟࣭㐠ᦙḟ≀ὶࡢຠ⋡㸸ࣜࢧࢡࣝࡢึᮇẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㏥ⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ〇ရࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅฟࡋࠊᴟຊࣜࢧࢡ࣮ࣝࣝࢺ㍕ࡏࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㛤Ⓨ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᅇ࣭㞟࣭㐠ᦙࠖࡣࠊኳ↛㖔ᒣ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞స⏝᥇᥀(᥇㖔)࠸ ࠺2ẁ㝵ࢆ⤫ᣓࡋ࡚ᢸ࠺ࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚㧗࠸ࠋ≉ࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢሙྜࠊⓎ⏕ ᣐⅬࡣྛᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᡭඖᐃࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ㔞ࡽぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿ⤯ᑐⓗ㈝⏝ࡀࡑࢀࡁ ࡃ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࡶࠊ㞟࣭㐠ᦙࡀఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ⓗ⾜ࢃࢀࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢẁ㝵 ࡛ࡣ᥇⟬ࡀ┠ㄽࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ0ḟ≀ὶ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᾘ㈝⪅ࡽ࠸ຠ⋡ࡼࡃᅇ࡛ࡁ ࡿࠖࡀࠊໟᣓⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞㘽ࢆᥱࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ◚○࣭ศ㞳㑅ูḟ≀ὶࡢຠ⋡㸸୰㛫ฎ⌮࠾ࡅࡿศ㞳࣭㑅ูᢏ⾡ࡢ㧗ຠ⋡ࡀồ ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᑠᗑ➼࡛ࡢᅇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࣟࢪࢫࢸࢵࢡࢫࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ ࡿሙྜࡣࠊࡇࡢ1ḟ≀ὶࡲ࡛࢝ࣂ࣮ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ⣲ᮦᅇ ḟ≀ὶࡢຠ⋡㸸᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࡢ⣲ᮦᅇ(〇㘐)ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊṌ␃ࡲ ࡾࢆྥୖࡉࡏࠊᅇྍ⬟㖔✀ࡢᣑࢆᅗࡿ➼ࡢࡓࡵࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ㧗ᛶ⬟ࡀ㔜せ࡞ ࡿࠋ ࠉ᪉ࠊࠊ࠶ࡓࡿࣜࢧࢡࣝࡢ୰࣭ᚋ༙㒊ศ↔Ⅼࢆᩡࡉࡏࡿࠊ┠ⓗࡍࡿ ᭷⏝࣓ࣞࢱࣝࢆຠ⋡ⓗᢳฟࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊከᵝ࡛㧗ᗘ࡞◊✲ᡂᯝࡀඛ⾜ ⓗከᩘබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࠊᐇ⏝ẁ㝵⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ ࡀࡽࠊἲไᗘ㐃ືࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ≀ὶࡼࡾ๓ẁ㝵࠾ࡅࡿࡢᅇ࣭ 㞟࣭㐠ᦙࡢຠ⋡ࡀ᭱ඃඛࡉࢀࡿࡁㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚❧ドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ(ᮧୖ㸪2012)ࠊ≀ ὶୖ㍕ࡏࡓ௨㝆ࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢㄢ㢟ࡶྵࡵ࡚ゎᾘࡍࡿࡇࢆព㆑ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ 157 ࡋࡓໟᣓⓗ࡞どᗙࡽࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢᕤኵࡀ┠ᣦࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᅇ࣭ࣜࢧࢡ࣭ࣝࣉࣟࢭࢫࡽᕼᑡ㔠ᒓഛࡢ࣮ࣝࢺࢆ⟬ฟ ࡛ࡁࡿⅬࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ◚○࣭ศ㞳㑅ูࠖ୪ࡧࠕ⣲ᮦᅇࠖ࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࠾࠸࡚ ࡶࠊࡑࡢ๓ẁ㝵ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊᅇ⋡ࡢྥୖ┤⤖࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞タィࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊࡉࡽ㐃 ⥆ⓗഛ㔞ቑ⧅ࡆࡿࡇࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࠊ୍㈏ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏ᣮᡓࡋ࡚ࡁ ࡓࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆල⌧࡛ࡁࡿໟᣓⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛤Ⓨࡢ≉ᚩࡇࡑࡀࠊ ᚑ᮶◊✲ᕪู࡛ࡁࡿഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿᙉㄪ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ➇ྜࡍࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࡢᢳฟᢏ ⾡㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⌮ㄽᵓ⠏࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢ⊂ᛶ୪ࡧపࢥࢫࢺฎ⌮ࡢᐇ㉁㠃࡛㈇ࡋࠊ≉ ᮏ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡣࠊ㔠ࡢᅇ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ◚○ࡢẁ㝵࡛90㸣௨ୖࡢ⃰㞟ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ ࡣᢳฟᚋࡢ〇ရࡲ࡛⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࣥࣂ࣮ࢫ࣭࣐ࢽࣗࣇࢡࢳࣕࣜࣥࢢ2)ࢆᵓࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ ࠉᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୍㐃ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ(ጜᓮ㸪2009㸹ጜᓮ㸤୕ዲ㸪2011㸤2012㸹୕ዲ㸪 2011㸹୕ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)୪ࡧᅜ⟇ᛂࡋࡓホ౯(୕ዲࡽ㸪2011ab)ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᮏᢏ ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ╔ࡢዎᶵࡽᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢヨ⾜ࠊࡉࡽࡣ᭱᪂ࡢ㐍ᤖ≧ἣࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊࣜࢧ ࢡࣝక࠺ୖ㏙ࡢㄢ㢟ࡢඞ᭹ࢆ┠ㄽࡴ㛤Ⓨࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂☜ࡋࡘࡘ⥲ㄝࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋල యⓗࡣࠊ᭱ึࠊṔྐᏛ࣭⢭㘐ᕤᏛ࣭ே㛫⎔ቃᏛࢆᇶ㍈ࡋࡓᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡾ⏕ ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓ⊂ⓗ࡞㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏⌮ㄽࡢⓎぢࡑࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ⤒⦋ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍ ࡿࠋḟࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗඃᛶࡋ ࡚ࠊᅇ⋡ྥୖᐤࡍࡿࠕ୍ḟ◚○⨨ࠖ୪ࡧ≉ᐃ㔠ᒓࡢ⃰㞟ศ㞳ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ ࠕḟ◚○⨨ࠖࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢ≉ᚩࢆゝཬࡋࡘࡘࠊᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓ⌮ㄽࡇࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࢆ㐃 ືࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ᪂ࣜࢧࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢඃᛶࢆලయࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽᚋࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤 ྥࡅ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᐇࡋࡓᐃᖖᅇࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢヨ⾜ᐇ㦂ࡢᡂᯝ(Ꮫᵓෆ࡛ࡢᦠᖏ㟁ヰᅇ ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢᐇ㸧ࡶⱝᖸ⤂ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪂ไᗘᑐᛂࡋࡓࠊ㊊ඖࡽᚠ⎔ࡢ㍯ࢆ సࡾฟࡍᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞♫ྥࡅࡓໟᣓⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸰㸬⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡽぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟᇶ♏⌮ㄽᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ ࠉࡇࡇ࡛㏙ࡿࡢࡣࠊࣜࢧࢡࣝ࠾ࡅࡿࡋ࡚᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࡢ⣲ᮦᅇ(〇㘐)ࣉࣟࢭࢫ 㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽᵓ⠏࣭ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࠶ࡓࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㐃ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢ╔Ⅼ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᭱ ึㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓከᩘࡀ➇ྜࡍࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࡢᢳฟᢏ⾡ᑐࡋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡀ ⊂ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿⅬࡋ࡚ࡣࠊṔྐᏛ࣭〇㘐ᕤᏛ࣭ே㛫⎔ቃㄽࢆᇶ㍈ࡋࡓᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ ࡼࡾ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾ(ᙜࡢ〇㘐ᢏ⾡㛵ࡋ࡚ᥥࡉࢀࡓྂᩥ᭩ࢆྵࡴࢫ࣌ ࣥㄒ࡛グ㏙ࡉࢀࡓṔྐⓗ㈨ᩱࢆㄞࡳゎࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⌧௦⛉ᏛࡢどⅬࡽᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ)ࠊࡲࡓ పࢥࢫࢺฎ⌮ࡸᑐ㇟ࡢỗ⏝ᛶ➼ࡢᐇ㉁㠃ࡶවࡡഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ≉ฟࡍࡁࡋ ࡚ࠊ㐣ཤࢆ⏕ࡁࡿேࠎࡢ⏕ᴗࡢ୰ࡽᇵࢃࢀࡓᢏ⾡ࡼࡾᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ㛤Ⓨ࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡀࠊ⤖ᯝ 158 ⓗ⌧ᐇ♫ࡢ୰࡛☜ᐇ㐠⏝ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃᐇ㊶㠃࡛ࡢඃ࡞ᒎ㛤(ከᵝᛶࢆᣢࡘ♫ཷࡅ ධࢀࡽࢀࠊࡘᾐ㏱ࡋࡸࡍ࠸)⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ(ヲ⣽ࡣᚋ⾡)ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᢏ ⾡ࢆᐇ㝿ά⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡣே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㏫ࡑࡢႠࡳࡽ㛤Ⓨࡢ㘽ࢆᚓࡿ࠸࠺ጼໃ ࡣࠊᇶ♏◊✲ࡢ㧗ᗘࡢὀどࡔࡅ࡛ࡣぢⴠࡋࡀࡕ࡞ࠊ♫ᰂ㌾ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᢏ⾡ 㛤Ⓨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊᢏ⾡㛤ⓎࡢⓎ➃ࡣࠊࢫࣃࣀ࣓᳜ࣜ࢝Ẹᆅ௦ࡲ࡛ࡉࡢࡰࡿࠋ࣌ ࣮ࣝ➨5௦⋤ࡋ࡚௵ࡉࢀࡓࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࢥ࣭ࢹ࣭ࢺࣞࢻࡣࠊᙜప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮࣌ࣝ 㖟㖔ᒣࢆ⯆ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ1572ᖺỈ㖟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㔠ᒓ〇㘐3)(Ỉ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲ4))ࢆᑟධ ࡋࡓ(㟷ᮌ㸪2000)ࠋࡇࡢᡭἲࡣࠊపရࡢ㖟㖔▼ࡽ㧗⣧ᗘࡢ㖟ࡢ〇㘐ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾࠊ16 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡽࡢ㖟⏕⏘ࡢᛴᡂ㛗(ࢺࣞࢻຠᯝ)ࢆᑟࡁࠊ19ୡ⣖ᮎ㖟㖔⬦ࡀ⾶࠼ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᩘ ⓒᖺࡶࢃࡓࡾࠊᗈࡃỗ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᙜࡢྂⓗ࡞〇㘐ᢏ⾡⛎ ࡵࡽࢀࡓඛேࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࢆయ⣔ⓗ⌮ㄽࡋࠊࡉࡽࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣࡽ㈗㔠ᒓ ࢆᅇࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⏬ᮇⓗ࡞╔ࡢዎᶵ࡞ࡗ ࡓṔྐⓗ㇟ࡢホ౯ศᯒ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢヲ⣽ࡣࠊ๓ሗ(ጜᓮ㸪2009㸹ጜᓮ㸤୕ዲ㸪2011㸹୕ ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)ࡺࡎࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨά⏝ྍ⬟࡞せⅬࢆᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺ ࠊ⡆₩ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ 㸬㛤Ⓨࡢዎᶵ㸸࣮࣌ࣝ⋤㡿ࡢ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࠾ࡅࡿ㖟ࡢ〇㘐ᢏ⾡ 1568ᖺ5᭶ࠊ➨5௦࣮࣌ࣝ⋤௵ࡉࢀࡓࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ࣭ࢹ࣭ࢺࣞࢻ(ᅾ௵ᮇ㛫㸸1569-1581) ࡣࠊྜྠ㆟(ྠᖺ7᭶)ࡢ≉ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ1569ᖺ࣐ࣜ฿╔ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ≉ࡇࡑࠊᙜ ప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮࣌ࣝࡢ㖔ᒣᴗ(≉㖟㖔ᒣᴗ)ࢆ⯆ࡋ࡚ࠊ⋤ᐊṓධࡢᨵၿࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓ(㟷ᮌ㸪2000)ࠋᙼࡣࠊ࣡ࣥ࢝࣋ࣜ࢝Ỉ㖟㖔ᒣ5)࣏ࢺࢩ㖟ᒣ6)ࢆ୍యࡋࠊ㖔ᒣᴗࡢࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᢏ⾡ⓗほⅬࡽぢ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ༢⣧࡞⤌ࡳ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀຌࢆዌࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊỈ㖟㖟ࡢ⏕⏘ᣐⅬࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍࢝ ᡤᩡࡋࠊ〇㘐ᡭἲࡶ⤫୍ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᇶᮏ࡞ࡿ≀㈨ࡢὶࢀእࡀධࡾࡃ ࠸ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ㄪᩚࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ≀㔞ࢆᇶᮏࡍࡿᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ほ ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࡇࡢ༢⣧ࡉࢀࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡽࠊࢺࣞࢻࡀ⋤ᐊࡢ㈈ᨻ㞴ᑐࡍࡿ᭱ ၿࡢㅖ⟇ࢆᢞࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ┠ㄽぢࢆࡶఛ࠸▱ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࠉࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࢺࣞࢻࡣࠊ〇㘐ᢏ⾡㸪ປാ౪⤥యไ㸪㈨ᮦ㐠ᦙయไ㸪Ỉ※☜ಖ➼ࡢᚲせ ᥐ⨨ࢆᙉຊ㐍ࡵࠊἲไ㠃ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊ㖔ᒣᴗࢆయ⣔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1574ᖺࡽ ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ࡀᮏ᱁ࡋ࡚ࠊ1578ᖺࡣࢺࣞࢻ㖔ᒣᨻ⟇ࡢᵓࡢ㦵᱁ࡀࡰᡂࡋࠊ 㞳௵ࡢ1581ᖺࡣ㖟⏕⏘㔞ࡀࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢప㏞ᮇࡢ7ࠥ8ಸ࠶ࡓࡿᛴቑࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿ(Cole, 1985)ࠋ ࠉ㖟ࡢỈ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪤1556ᖺ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣃࢸ࢜(patio) ἲ࡚Ⓨ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐇ⏝ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓ(Probert, 1997)ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢᡭἲࡣࠊ ᙜࡢ࣮࣌ࣝࡢ᮲௳(㖔▼ࡢ᮲௳㸪Ẽ㇟᮲௳㸪≀㈨ㄪ㐩➼)ࡣ㐺ྜࡏࡎࠊ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡞ࡗ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ 159 ࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ1572ᖺࠊࢺࣞࢻࡢࢆཷࡅࡓࣇ࢙ࣝࢼࣥࢹࢫ࣭ࢹ࣭࣋ࣛࢫࢥࡀࠊపရ ࡢᒌ㖔▼ࡽࡢ㖟ࡢᢳฟᡂຌࡋࠊ࢝࣍ࢿࢫ(cajones)ἲྡࡅࡽࢀࠊ࣏ࢺࢩ࠾ࡅࡿᇶ ᮏᢏ⾡ࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡞ࡿ(Bargalló, 1995)ࠋ࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲࣃࢸ࢜ἲࡢ᭱ࡢ┦ 㐪ࡣࠊ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ᕤ⛬(ᛂᵴ㸸࢝࢜ࣥ)ࢆࠕຍ⇕ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡓⅬ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ〇㘐 ຠ⋡ࢆ4ಸୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡋࠊᙜึ100ᖺศ┦ᙜࡍࡿぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᒌ 㖔ࡸᆙෆࡢṧ㖔ࡀࠊࢺࣞࢻᅾ௵୰ࡢ1577ᖺ㡭ࡣࢇ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓゝࢃࢀࡿ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠉ࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲ㛵ࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡢ࠶ࡿྐᩱࡣࠊⓎ⾜ᖺ௦㡰ࠊ࣏࢝ࢳ࢙(1585)(Capoche, 1959)ࠊ ࢥࢫࢱ(1590)(Acosta, 1894)ࠊࣂࣝࣂ(Barba, 2003)࠾ࡼࡧࣝࢧࣥࢫ(1736)(Arzáns, 1965)ࡀ Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ࣏ࢺࢩࡢ〇㘐ᕤሙࡢయീࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊࣝࢧࣥࢫࡢ ⤮ᅗᅗࢆඖ(ᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ࣏࢝ࢳ࢙ࡢグ㏙࡞ࡽ⿵㊊ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ)ࠊࡑࡢࣉ ࣟࢭࢫࢆලయⓗศᯒࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ(ጜᓮ&୕ዲ, 2010)ࠋ⥲ᣓⓗ࡞సᴗᕤ⛬ࡣࠊ ࠕ᥇㖔ࡋࡓ㖔▼ ࡢᦙධࠖ㸪 ࠕ㖔▼ࡢ⢊○ࠖ 㸪 ࠕᛂᵴ࡛ࡢసᴗศᯒࠖ㸪 ࠕỈὙ㑅㖔ࠖ㸪 ࠕྛᕤ⛬ࡽ㐓ᩓࡍࡿỈ㖟 ࡢᅇࠖࡢ5ࡘẁ㝵ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࢥࢫࢱࡢグ㏙ࡼࢀࡤ(Acosta, 1894㸧ࠊ⣙50ࡢ〇㘐ᡤ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㖔ἾࡽࡢỈ㖟ᅇࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡉࢀࠊᖺ㛫2,000࢟ࣥࢱࣝࢆᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ࠸࠺ࠋ ࠉ୍᪉ࠊࡇࡢỈ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ᕤ⛬࠾ ࠸࡚ࠊປാ⪅ࡀỈ㖟᭚㟢ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ 㧗࠸సᴗࡣࠊձΰ⦎సᴗࠊղỈὙศ㞳సᴗࠊ ճᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࢆຍ⇕ศ㞳ࡋ࡚ Ỉ㖟ࢆᅇࡍࡿసᴗࡢ3ẁ㝵࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ ࡿࠋࡲࡎձࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᾏᢤ4,000mࡢ࣏ࢺࢩ 㖔ᒣ࠾ࡅࡿΰ⦎୰ࡢຍ⇕ࡣࠊỈ㖟ࡢⓎ ࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊỈ㖟ࡢᨺᩓࡑࡢసᴗ ୰࠾ࡅࡿỈ㖟᭚㟢ࢆቑࡉࡏࡓ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ⥆࠸࡚ղỈὙศ㞳సᴗ࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢ ࡼ࠺ࠊ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚㔞ࡢ㖔Ἶࡢᙧ࡛ࡢỈ 㖟ࡀὶฟࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ㖔Ἶ୰㐓ᩓ ࡋࡓỈ㖟ࡢࡰ70ࠥ100㸣ᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ᅗ㸯ࠉ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࠾ࡅࡿ〇㘐ᕤሙࡢᴫほᅗ ࡉࢀࡿ(Acosta, 1894)ࠋ ࠉ᭱ᚋࠊճࡢ⢒࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࡢ⤠ࡾసᴗ␃ศ㞳సᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ␃ᚋࡢỈ㖟Ẽࡣࠊ จ㞟⨨࡛ᅇࡉࢀࠊ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ10㸣ᅇ₃ࢀࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓぢ✚ ࡶࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Probert, 1997)ࠋ ࠉࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࠾ࡅࡿ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ᕤ⛬࠾࠸࡚ࠊⓎࣟࢫỈὙ ࣟࢫࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᩥ⊩ṧࡉࢀࡓ್ࡽぢ✚ࡶࡿࠊẼ୰10㸣㸪㖔Ἶ ୰30ࠥ50㸣᥎ᐃࡉࢀࠊྜィ࡛ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ40ࠥ50㸣ࡢỈ㖟ࣟࢫࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⪃࠼ 160 ࡽࢀࡿ(ጜᓮ㸪2009)ࠋ⌧௦࠾࠸࡚ࡶỈ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐ࢰࣥࡢᑠつ ᶍ᥇ྲྀసᴗ୰ࡣࠊῧຍỈ㖟㔞ࡢ40ࠥ50㸣ࡀἙᕝὶฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊṧࡾࡣẼ୰㐓ᩓ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ཎ⏣ࡽ, 1995)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ࣏ࢺࢩࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ␗࡞ࡾࠊ㠀ຍ⇕〇㘐 ࡛ࠊࡘᅇ࠸࠺ほᛕࡢ࡞࠸⌧ሙ࡛ࡢᩘ್࡛࠶ࡿⅬ␃ពࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠉ୍᪉ࠊேయࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࠊΰ⦎సᴗ␃ సᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐃᖖⓗ࡞᭚㟢࡛࠶ࡾࠊ῝้ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓண ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ᪤ᐃࡢᕤ ⛬సᴗ௨እࡶࠊປാ⪅ࡀᰂࡽ࠸࣮࣌ࢫ ࢺ≧ែࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᾮయࡢỈ㖟ࢆཱྀྵࢇ࡛ ᣢࡕᖐࡾࠊ㖟ࢆᅇࡋ࡚ᕷሙ࡛㈙ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ㢖⦾⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ (Percy, 1880)ࠊ࣏ࢺࢩࡢ⏫ࡀỈ㖟୰ẘࡢ⏫ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡣ☜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺(ཎ⏣ࡽ, 1995)ࠋ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࠾ࡅࡿ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇 㘐ᢏ⾡Ỉ㖟ởᰁࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᶍᘧࡍࡿ ᅗ㸰ࠉ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࠾ࡅࡿ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐 ࠉࠉࠉᢏ⾡Ỉ㖟⿕ᐖࡢ㛵ಀᛶ ࠊᅗࡢࡼ࠺♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㸬࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ᢏ⾡㐍Ṍࡢኚ㑄ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ㛤Ⓨࡢ㘽 ࠉ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲ╔┠ࡋࡓỈ㖟ࡸ㖟㛵ࡍࡿ〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࡢṔྐⓗኚ㑄ࡣࠊ19ୡ⣖୰㡭ࡑ ࡢᛂ㐣⛬ࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿᏛᛂᘧࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ๓ᚋ࡛ศࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᏛᘧࡀ⏕ࡲ ࢀࡿ๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊ࣏ࢺࢩ࡛ࡢ〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊከࡃࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢ୰ࡽࠊࡲࡉ༟ ㉺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂▱ࡢ㞟✚ࡼࡾ㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢศᒱ༶ࡋ࡚ࠊᢏ ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ㘽࡞ࡿ㔜せ࡞▱ぢࢆ୰ᚰࡲࡵ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ ୡ⣖୰ᗤ௨๓࠾ࡅࡿ⤒㦂▱⛎ࡵࡽࢀࡓὀ┠ࡍࡁᢏ⾡ ࠉᮏ◊✲ࡀ╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿỈ㖟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ෬㔠⾡㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ึࡢṔྐ᭩ࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣜࢽ࢘ ࢫࡢࠗ⮬↛ㄅ(Naturalis Historia)࠘ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㎮◁ࡢ↝࠾ࡼࡧỈ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࡼࡿ◁㔠〇 㘐ࡸ㔠࣓ࢵ࢟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊỈ㖟ࡢ≀ᛶࡸẘᛶ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕࠊ࣮ࣟ ࣐௦ࡽ᪤ᢎ▱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ(୰㔝ࡽ, 1986)ࠋ ࠉ୰ୡࡢ㘐㔠⾡ࡣࠊ⛎ᐦཝᏲࡢୡ⏺㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ⚗ࢆ◚ࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ 1540ᖺฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠗPirotechnia(ࣆࣟࢸࢡࢽ)࠘(Biringuccio㸪1540)(Biringuccio, 2005)࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊⴭ⪅ࡢࣅࣜࣥࢢࢵࢳࣙ⮬㌟ࡀ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᢏ⾡ࡢヲ⣽ࢆグࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ෬㔠ࢆໟᣓ ⓗ⥙⨶ࡍࡿ᭱ึࡢฟ∧᭩⡠ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰࡛ࡶࠊ⮻ᘧࡢ⢊○ᶵࢆ⏝ ࡋ࡚࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾᅗࠊࡇࡢ᧯సࡼࡾࠊ㔠ࡣỈ㖟ࡢ࣐ࣝ ࣒࢞ᛂࡀᴟࡵ࡚άᛶࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ୰ୡ௨㝆ࡢᐇ⏝ࡢཎືຊ࡞ࡗࡓ᥎ᐹࡉࢀ ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㖟ࡢỈ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡀᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࡓᐇࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡣᏑᅾࡏ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ 161 ࡎࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࢫ࣌ࣥࡢ᳜Ẹᆅ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㖟㖔ᒣ࠾࠸࡚ࠊึࡵ࡚ᐇ⏝ࡉࢀ ࡓⅬࡣ≉➹್ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉ㖟㖔▼ࡢ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ἲࡢ᪉ࡣࠊࢫ᳜࣌ࣥẸᆅࢾ࢚ࣂࢫ࢚ࢫࣃ࣮ࢽࣕ(⌧ᅾࡢ࣓࢟ ࢩࢥ)࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣃࢸ࢜ἲࡋ࡚ᐇ⏝ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋ࣮࣌ࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢẼೃ➼ࡢ᮲ ௳ྜ࠺࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࠊࢺࣞࢻຠᯝࡢᶵືຊ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ ࣮࡛࣌ࣝ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡢ〇㘐㐣⛬ࢆ⌧௦⛉ᏛࡢどⅬࡽᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚ᶍᘧࡋ ࡓࡶࡢࡀᅗ࡛࠶ࡿ(ጜᓮ&୕ዲ, 2011; ୕ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)ࠋ ࠉࡲࡓࡇࡢᅗࡼࡾࠊ㖔▼᥇ྲྀࡽỈ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞⢭㘐ࡲ࡛ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ4ẁ㝵 ศࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ i) 㑅㖔ẁ㝵ࡢ⢭㖔ᢏ⾡㸸ձ๓↝ࠊ ࠉղᚤ⢊ᢏ⾡(⢊○ᛂࡢྠᮇ)ࠊ ࠉճ㈋㖔ฎ⌮ ii)㧗⢓ᗘ㖔Ἶࡢ‵ᘧ〇㘐ᢏ⾡㸸ձ㧗⢓ᗘὶ ࠉయࡢᅛᾮ᥋ゐᛂᶵᵓ(‵ᘧ〇㘐ࡢᇶ♏)ࠊ ࠉղ᧠ᢾΰྜ᪉ἲຠᯝ(ᛂሙࡢ㞟୰ ࠉᛂຠ⋡)ࠊճ㈋㖔ฎ⌮ iii)࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ᚋࡢศ㞳⢭〇ᢏ⾡㸸ձᾋ㐟 ᅗ㸱ࠉ୰ୡ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠾ࡅࡿ▼⮻⢊○ᶵ ࠉࠉࠉࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ ࠉ㑅㖔ἲࠊղ㐲ᚰศ㞳ἲ➼ iv)ୖࡆ㧗⣧ᗘᢏ⾡㸸ձ〇㘐ἲࡢ㑅ᢥࠊ ࠉղࢫ࣏ࣥࢪሢࡢά⏝ ࠉ௨ୖࡢ୰࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ᪂ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ࠾ࡅ ࡿ᰾ᚰ㒊ࡣࠊii)ࡢ㧗⢓ᗘ㖔Ἶࡢ‵ᘧ〇㘐7) ᢏ⾡࠶ࡿࠋྛ✀㔠ᒓỈ㖟ࡢ࣐ࣝ ࣒࢞ᛂ㛵ࡍࡿᛂືຊᏛⓗ࡞◊✲ࡣࠊ ⌧≧࡛ࡶࢇ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊᇶᮏ ⓗ࡞⣔ࡣࠊ㧗⢓ᗘΰྜ≀(㠀ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣥὶ య)୰ศᩓࡉࢀࡓᾮయỈ㖟⢏㖟㖔▼⢊ యࡢᅛᾮ᥋ゐᛂ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ ࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ‵ᘧ⢭㘐್ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅗ㸲ࠉ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣࡢ㖟〇㘐ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢᕤ⛬ ࠉࡑࡇ࡛ࠊὀ┠ࡍࡁii) ձ‵ᘧ〇㘐ࡢᇶ♏ ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠊ㔜せ࡞ࡀ2ⅬᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ1ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ፹⁐(࣐ࣄࢫࢺࣛࣝ magistral; 㕲㖡ࡢ◲㓟ሷ)㣗ሷࡢῧຍࡢព⩏࡛࠶ࡾࠊ␗✀ࡢゐ፹స⏝ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲ ࡓ2ࡘ┠ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿຍ⇕ࡢຠᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢࣃࢸ ࢜ἲ࡛ࡣࠊᛂࡲ࡛20ࠥ27᪥ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊ࣮࣌ࣝࡢ࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲࢆ⏝࠸ ࡿࠊ㏿ᗘຠ⋡ࡀ4ಸୖࡀࡾࠊ5ࠥ7᪥▷⦰ࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊii) ղ᧠ᢾΰྜ㛵ࡋ 162 ࡚ࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࡛ࡣࢺࣝࢱ≧(㖟㖔▼ࡢ⢓ᛶᅵተ)ࡢ㖔▼ࢆ㤿࡞ࡢ␆ຊ࡛᧠ᢾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ࣮࡛࣌ࣝࡣࠊඛఫẸࡀ㊊㋃ࡳΰ⦎(repaso)ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㧗⢓ᗘࡢ㖔Ἶᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ᧠ᢾࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞స⏝ࢆཬࡰࡍࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡢࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㧗⢓ᛶὶయࡢື ຊᏛⓗ⪃ᐹࡣࠊᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢୖ࡛㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᚋࡢᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲ࡢ✚ࡀᚅࡓ ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ii) ճ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ୡ௨㝆ࠊ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡀ㈋㖔ฎ⌮᭷ࡉࢀࠊᛴ㏿ ᑟධࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊᗫ㖔ཬࡧᑿ㖔◲㯤ࡸ㖄ࡢྵ㔞ࡀపࡗࡓࡇࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢ ࡇࡀࠊ◲㯤ࡼࡿ⏺㠃ᛂᢚไస⏝ࢆపୗࡉࡏࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊi)ࡽiv)ࡢ ࡚ࡢᕤ⛬㛵ࡍࡿࡇࡋ࡚ࠊ㖔▼⢊○Ỉ㖟ࡢᛂࢆྠᮇࡍࡿᡭἲࡣࠊᅗ㸱ࡸᚋ ⾡ࡍࡿ‘Pan Amalgamation(㘠ΰ⃒ἲ)’ྠᵝ࡞ព⩏ࢆ࡞ࡋࠊ᪂㛤Ⓨᢏ⾡ࡢ᰿ᖿ㛵ࢃࡿഃ 㠃࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇࢆグࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ 㸰㸧ୡ⣖ᚋ༙௨㝆ࡢ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍ 19ୡ⣖ᚋ༙௨㝆ࠊᏛグྕࢆ⏝࠸࡚࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡀᥥࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ ࡑࡢྂⓗ࡞グ㏙ࡋ࡚ࠗ㔠㖟ࡢ෬㔠Ꮫ࠘(Percy, 1880)ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᙜࡣ⇕ຊᏛ ࡢ⌮ㄽࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࡤࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ᭩ࡣࠊᏛᛂࡀඖ⣲ࡢ⨨ᛂࡋ࡚⾲グࡉ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ㖔▼ࡢศ㢮㸪ඖ⣲ࡢ✀㢮㸪〇㘐᧯స࡞ᗈ⠊ᅖΏࡗ࡚⥙⨶ࡉࢀࡓ♧၀ ῝࠸◊✲᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠗ㖟ࡢᢳฟ࠘(1895)(Rhead, 1895)ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ㖟ࡢ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ ᛂ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫᛂᘧࡢグ㏙ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ i) ፹⁐(magistral㸹㖡㕲ࡢ◲㓟ሷ)㣗ሷ(NaCl)ࡢᛂ CuSO΅+2NaCl=CuCl+NaSO΅ ii) ሷ➨㖡(CuCl㸧ࡸሷ➨୍㖡(CuCl)ࡀ⮬↛㖟(Ag)ࡸ◲㖟(AgS )ࢆሷ㖟(AgCl) ࠉࡋ࡚ᯒฟศ㞳ࡍࡿᛂ 2CuCl+2Ag=2AgCl+CuCl CuCl+AgS=2AgCl+CuS 2CuCl+AgS=2AgCl+CuCl+S iii) ᯒฟࡋࡓሷ㖟(AgCl)ࡀỈ㖟ࡼࡗ࡚㑏ඖࡉࢀ㔠ᒓ㖟ࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿᛂࠊࡑࢀࡀ㐣 ࠉࡢỈ㖟Į8)୰ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࣐࣒ࣝ࢞࡞ࡿᛂ 2AgCl+2Hg=2Ag+HgCl P$JQĮ+J $JP+JQLQ$PDOJDP ࠉୖグࡽࡶࠊከ✀ከᵝ࡞㖟㖔▼ࡽሷ㖟ࢆᯒฟࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ፹⁐ࡢᕤኵࡀᚲせ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ᥎ᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫᨵၿࡢ㠃࡛ࠊὀ┠ࡍࡁᡭἲࡣࠊ‘Pan Amalgamation (㘠ΰ⃒ἲ)’࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊࣅࣜࣥࢢࢵࢳࣙࡢᡭἲᅗࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࠶ࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࠉ୍᪉ࠊ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ἲࡣࠊ1886ᖺࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ㟷ἲࡢᕤᴗࡢᡂຌ௨㝆ࠊ ➨୍⥺ࡽ㏥࠸࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ1930ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛㟷ἲࡢే⏝࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࢃࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡓ(బΏᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨୡ⏺㑇⏘࣭ᩥ⯆, 2008㸹ᒣᮏ㸪1938)ࠋࡉࡽࠊࡇࡢ㘠ΰ⃒ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ 163 ἲࡑࡢࡶࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㟷ἲࡢే⏝ࡢᙧ࡛ࠊᡃࡀᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᫂௨㝆ࡢబΏ㔠ᒣ ⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓⅬࡣࠊὀ┠ࡍࡁ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ᕼᑡ࣭᭷⏝㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢᇶ♏⌮ㄽࡢᵓ⠏ ࠉᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢࡇࡢ࣏ࢺࢩ㖟ᒣ࡛㛤Ⓨ࣭Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓྂⓗ࡞〇㘐ᢏ⾡ᗘ╔ ┠ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣࡽ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ➼ࡢࠕ⌧௦♫ࠖᛂ⏝㑏ඖྍ⬟ ࡞㈨※ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏⌮ㄽࢆぢฟࡍࡇᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᑟࡁฟࡉ ࢀࡓ㔜せ࡞ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ4Ⅼࡲࡵࡽࢀࡿ(ጜᓮ&୕ዲ, 2011; ୕ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)ࠋ i) 㧗 ↻Ἓᛂ(〇㘐㒊ࡢ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ᛂᵴࢆຍ⇕ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊฎ⌮ຠ⋡ࢆ4ಸྥୖ ࠉࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓᐇࢆ᳨ウ) ii)㧗ᅽᛂ(ᾏᢤ4,000mࡢࣥࢹࢫ㧗ᆅ࡛ࡢ〇㘐⎔ቃ࡛ࡣࠊỈ㖟Ẽࡀᛂሙࢆቑຍࡍࡿࠋ ࠉ㏫ຍᅽࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᾐ㏱ࡼࡿྠᵝ࡞ᛂሙࢆసࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟ᐃ) iii)⢊○࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ᛂࡢྠᮇ(⢊○ᶵࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⢊○Ỉ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ᛂࢆྠฎ ࠉ⌮ࡍࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊ⾪ᧁࡸᦶ᧿➼ࡢᶵᲔⓗ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᑐ㇟≀㉁ࡀάᛶ ࠉࡉࢀ࡚Ꮫᛂࡀಁ㐍ࡍࡿཎ⌮㹙࣓࢝ࣀࢣ࣑ࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ㹛ࢆ㐺⏝) iv)࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ᚋࡢศ㞳⢭〇ᢏ⾡(ᙜࡢᢏ⾡࡛ࡣࠊỈ㖟ࡢẼ୰࠾ࡼࡧỈ୰ࡢὶฟࡀ᥎ ࠉ⟬ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ⌧௦⛉Ꮫࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᨵⰋࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ100㸣ᅇࡀྍ⬟㸧 ࠉࡇࢀࡽࡢ▱ぢࢆࡶࠊ⌧௦⛉Ꮫࡢ▱ぢࡼࡿᗄࡘࡢᨵⰋࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ㈗ 㔠ᒓᅇࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚タィࡋࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࢆᐃᛶ࣭ᐃ㔞ศᯒ⨨ࡼ ࡿᐇ㦂ⓗ᳨ドࢆヨࡳࡓ(ጜᓮ&୕ዲ, 2011; ୕ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ➼ࡢヨ ᩱ୰ࡢ㖟ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ㈗㔠ᒓࡀࠊỈ㖟࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࡋ࡚ࡰ100㸣ᅇฟ᮶ࡿࡇࡀ☜ ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ༑ศド࡛᫂ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᚋࡢ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࡢᗈࡀࡾ ࡋ࡚ࠊ㈨※ᑐ㇟ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ㟁ᏊᗫᲠ≀ࡲࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊᗫᲠ≀ࡢ↝༷⅊ࡸởᰁ ᅵተ㸪㗵㗰㖔୪ࡧᾮయ㈨※ࡢ㓟Ὑᗫᾮ㸪࣓ࢵ࢟ᗫᾮ㸪ฎศሙᗫᾮ࡞ࡶど㔝ධ ࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿỗ⏝ᛶࡶࠊᕪู࡛ࡁࡿᙉࡳࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸱㸬ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ྥࡅࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᚩᚋࡢᒎᮃ ࠉᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢᕼᑡ࣭᭷⏝㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢᇶ♏⌮ㄽࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊࡉࡽࡇࢀᑟධࡍࡃ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ୍ḟ࣭ḟ◚○ᶵࡣࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࣜࢧ ࢡࣝࡢ᭱ࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅇ⋡ྥୖࡸ⣲ᮦᅇࡢຠ⋡ᐤࡍࡿࡇ ࢆ┠ⓗタィࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊྛ◚○ᶵࡢ≉ᚩࢆලయⓗㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ⏝࠸ ࡚⪃ࡋࡓ᪂ࣜࢧࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢඃᛶࢆࡢඛ⾜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽලయࡋࠊࡉ 164 ࡽᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆヨࡳࡓᡂᯝ(Ꮫᵓෆ࡛ࡢᦠᖏ㟁ヰᅇ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢᐇ)ࢆ⤂ࡋࡘ ࡘࠊᚋࡢᒎᮃ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶⱝᖸ㏙ࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ 㸬㢳ᐈ᥋㏆ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵࠊᅇ⋡ྥୖᐤࡍࡿ୍ḟ◚○⨨ࡢ㛤Ⓨ ࠉࠕࡣࡌࡵ࡛ࠖ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣࠊ≉ᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢሙྜࠊᅇ࣭㞟࣭㐠ᦙࡢ ຠ⋡ࡀ᭱ඃඛࡉࢀࡿࡁㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚❧ドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽᅇ⋡㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭ ⏘ᴗ┬࣭⎔ቃ┬ࡢ㐃ᦠᴗࡋ࡚ࠊ2008ᖺᗘࡼࡾࠗ⏝῭ᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡽࡢ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࡢ ᅇཬࡧ㐺ṇฎ⌮᥎㐍ᴗ࠘ࡀᐇࡉࢀࠊ2010ᖺ8᭶බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ୰㛫ሗ࿌ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ ㄢ㢟ࡀ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(⎔ቃ┬࣭⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬, 2010)ࠋࡲࡓࠊ(♫)㟁Ẽ㏻ಙᴗ⪅༠ࡣࠊ 2001ᖺࡼࡾࣔࣂ࣭ࣝࣜࢧࢡ࣭ࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ(MRN)ࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ㛵㐃ᴗ ⪅ࡢඹྠࡼࡿᅇ⋡ࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿࡶࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡢࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆඖࠊᅇ ⋡ྥୖྥࡅࡓㄢ㢟ࡀලయⓗ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(㟁Ẽ㏻ಙᴗ⪅༠, 2010)ࠋࡇࢀ ࡽࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࠊ㏥ⶶྥࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆᅇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚᶵჾࡢ 㧗ᶵ⬟ࡢせᅉࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡶྵࡵ࡚㢳ᐈࡢ᥋㏆ᗘ(㊊ඖ࣭┠๓㸪Ᏻᚰ࣭Ᏻ 㸪ᥦ౪ᑐ౯➼)ࡢዴఱ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉ࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡣಶࠎேࡢศᩓᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵ ࠊ᥋㏆ᗘࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢᕤኵࡀ┈ࠎ㔜せ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࠉࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᕷ㈍ࡢ◚○⨨((ᰴ)❧ᕤᴗ〇㸪MS-Z5)╔┠ࡋࠊᇶ♏ᐇ㦂ࢆ㔜 ࡡࡘࡘࠊ㑅ᢥⓗ࡞ᨵⰋࢆຍ࠼ࡓࠋMS-Z5ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᕷ㈍ࡢᶵ✀ࡣ࡞࠸ “crush and cut” ࠸࠺◚○᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᶵᐦሗ፹య⢊○ᶵ(࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࢡࣛࢵࢩ࣮ࣕ)ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪤㟁 Ꮚᶵჾࠊᑠᐙ㟁࣓࣮࣮࢝➼ࡢ㟁Ꮚᢏ⾡ࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࡢ㞟✚య〇㐀⌧ሙࡸࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛ࡢᕤ ⛬ᒌฎ⌮ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢMS-Z5㔠ᒓ⃰⦰ᶵ⬟ࢆࡋࡓ୍ḟ◚○⨨ࢆࠊ ୖ㏙ࡋࡓᕼᑡ࣭᭷⏝㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᭱ึࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉᑟධࡉࡏࡓࠋࡇࡢ୍ḟ◚ ○⨨ࡢ≉ᚩࢆලయࡍࡿ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㢳ᐈ᥋㏆ᗘ㊊ඖ㸪┠๓㸪Ᏻ࣭Ᏻᚰࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᇶᮏ⨨㸸⏝㟁ᅽࡣ100V༢┦࡛ࠊ ࠉ୍⯡ᐙ㟁ࡋ࡚⏝ྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ┠ࡢ๓࠾࠸࡚ྍどᐜჾෆ࡛▐◚○ࢆ ࠉࡋࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡢᙉࢆᅗࡗࡓᵝ࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡣࠊࡑࡢᅇ⋡ࡢྥୖࡁࡃᐤ ࠉࡍࡿ┠ㄽࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㔠ᒓ⃰⦰ᶵ⬟ࡢྥࡅࡓᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ㸸◚○㒊ศࡢゅᗘࡢኚࡼࡿຠᯝ╔┠ࡋࠊ ࠉ㐃⥆ฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢭࢫྥࡅࡓ᭱㐺ゅᗘࡢ㑅ᢥࢆぢฟࡋࠊࡉࡽ◚○ᶵࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࠊ㍍㔞 ࠉ≀(㠀㔠ᒓ≀㉁)㔜㔞≀(㔠ᒓ≀㉁)ࡢศ㞳ᛶࢆど㔝ධࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᅇ㌿㏿ ࠉᗘ㸪◚○ရࡢ≀⌮ศ⣭➼ࡢᐇ㦂ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ◚○⢏ᚄ(ࣟࢫࢺࣝᚄࢆ10mmỴᐃ)ศ㞳 ࠉᡭẁࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ☜❧ࡋࡓ㹙㛤Ⓨࡢᇶ♏ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡢヲ⣽ࡣ๓ሗ(ጜᓮ㸤୕ ࠉዲ㸪2012)ࢆཧ↷㹛ࠋ ࠉࡇࡢ୍ḟ◚○⨨ࡣࠊ㞟࣭㐠ᦙࡢ௦᭰࡞ࡿ⮬యᅇࡸᗑ㢌ᅇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ 165 ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ ࡲࡲᅇ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ➼ࡋ࡚⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ඛ㏦ࡾࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ ᭱ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿᐃᖖᅇࡢຠ⋡ࡁࡃᐤࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊಶேࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⎔ቃព㆑ࢆᚋᢲࡋࡋࠊໟᣓⓗぢᆅࡽࡶ♫ⓗព⩏ࡣᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸ࡶࡢᮇᚅ ࡉࢀࡿ(୍㐃ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢホ౯ࡣᚋ⾡)ࠋ 㸬≉ᐃ㔠ᒓࡢ⃰㞟ศ㞳ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿḟ◚○⨨ࡢ㛤Ⓨ ࠉୖ㏙ࡢࠕ୍ḟ◚○⨨ࠖ㐃ືࡍࡿḟ◚○⨨ࡣࠊᕷ㈍ࡢ㧗㏿ᅇ㌿࣑ࣝ((ᰴ)୕ᅽ ࣥࢲࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ〇㸪SC-01)ᨵⰋࢆຍ࠼࡚㍈ᅇ㌿ᩘྍኚᆺ(0ࠥ25000rpm)ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ(ᨵ Ⰻᶵ㸸SC-01S)ࠋࡇࡢ⨨ࡣࠊ≉ᐃ㔠ᒓࡢ⃰㞟ศ㞳ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡇࢆࠊࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡋ࡚ ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 120 ୍ḟ◚○⨨ࡼࡾ10mm௨ୗ◚○ࡉࢀࡓ 100 ◚○∦50~200grࢆࠊḟ◚○⨨ᢞධࡋࠊ ᅇ㌿㏿ᗘ25000rpmୗ࡛ࠊࡉࡽ5~60⛊◚○ࡋ ࡓᚋࠊ⢊○∦ࢆJISつ᱁ࡼࡿ⠠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⢏ ᗘศᕸࢆ⾜࠸ࠊྛ⢏ᗘࡢ㔠ᒓᡂศ(Cu, Au, Ag) 㔠䛾⃰㞟⋡䠄%䠅 ࠉࡲࡎ㔠ᒓࡢ⃰㞟⌧㇟ࡢ☜ㄆᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࢆICPศᯒࡼࡾࠊྠᐃࡋࡓࠋ ࠉḟࠊᅇ㌿㏿ᗘࢆ25000rpmᅛᐃࡋࠊ㔠 80 0 5 15 30 60 60 40 20 0 0.1 1 ⢏ᗘ䠄䟚䠅 10 ᅗ㸳ࠉ㔠ࡢ⃰㞟◚○㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ 㖟ࡢ⃰㞟⌧㇟◚○㛫(0ࠥ240s)ࡢ㛵 ಀᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓᅗ㸳㸪ᅗ㸴ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ ୧㔠ᒓࡶࠊ5⛊௨ୖࡢ◚○࡛ࠊ2mm௨ୗ9) ࠊ95㸣௨ୖ⃰㞟ࡍࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊᅇ ㌿㏿ᗘࢆ10250rpm, 19500rpmኚࡉࡏࡓሙ 120 ྜࡶࠊྠᵝ࡞ഴྥࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊ ௨ୖࡢ⢒∦ഃ㒊ศࡀ㞟✚ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓᅗࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㈗㔠ᒓ3 ඖ⣲ࢆ㧗⋡࡛ᅇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ2mm๓ 100 㖟䛾⃰㞟⋡䠄%䠅 ⓑ㔠ࡢሙྜࡣࠊ㔠ࡸ㖟ࡢሙྜ␗࡞ࡾࠊ2mm ᚋࢆศᒱⅬࡋ࡚⣽∦ഃ⢒∦ഃࢆศࡅ࡚ ⤖ᯝࡢヲ⣽ࡣ᪤ሗ(ጜᓮࡽ㸪2012)ࢆཧ↷㹛ࠋ ࠉࡇࡢḟ◚○⨨ࡢ≉ᚩࢆࡲࡵࡿ௨ ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 60 0 5 15 30 60 40 20 ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㐺ษ࡞᮲௳ ࢆ☜ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㹙ᇶ♏ᐇ㦂 80 0 0.1 1 ⢏ᗘ䠄䟚䠅 10 ᅗ㸴ࠉ㖟ࡢ⃰㞟◚○㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ 166 000Z00 ࠉ∦2mmࢆศ⣭Ⅼࡋ࡚ࠊ⣽∦ഃ㔠㖟ࠊ 400L30 100 80 400L24 60 0 400M3 40 ࠉ⢒∦ഃⓑ㔠ࢆࠊ90㸣௨ୖ⃰㞟࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࠉࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㔠࣭㖟୪ࡧⓑ㔠 ࠉࡘ࠸࡚ࠊୖグࡢ᮲௳ࢆྠ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ ࠉࡿ⢊○᮲௳ࡣࠊ2mmศ⣭Ⅼ࡛ࠊ0.5mm௨ ࠉୗࡢ㔜㔞ẚࡀ17㸣ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓ10)ࠋ ㈗㔠ᒓ௨እࡢㅖඖ⣲㸸ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢඖ⣲ࡢ ࠉ◚○ᣲືࡣࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡑࡢ ࠉ㔠ᒓࡢᏑᅾᙧែ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㈗㔠ᒓ ࠉ⃰㞟࣭ศ⣭ᚋࠊᢳฟ࣭〇㘐ࡍࡿᕤ⛬ᕪ ⓑ㔠䛾⃰㞟⋡䠄䠂䠅 ㈗㔠ᒓඖ⣲ࡢ㸣௨ୖࡢ⃰㞟⋡㸸◚○ 0 120 20 0 0.1 1 ⢏ᗘ䠄䟚䠅 10 ᅗ㸵ࠉⓑ㔠⃰ᗘศᕸ◚○㛫ࡢ 㛵ಀ㸦J㸧 ࠉࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࠉ௨ୖࡢᇶ♏ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆໟᣓࡋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ㐃⥆ẁᘧ◚○ࡼࡾࠊ㔠࣭㖟࣭ⓑ㔠ࡢᅇ 㛵ࡋ࡚90㸣௨ୖࡢ⃰㞟ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᭱⤊ⓗࡣᢳฟᚋࡢ〇ရࡲ࡛⤖ࡧࡘࡅ ࡿࣥࣂ࣮ࢫ࣭࣐ࢽࣗࣇࢡࢳࣕࣜࣥࢢࢆᵓࡋࠊ┠ୗࠊᴗ༠ຊࡢ΅ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸬ᅇ⋡ྥୖ㈗㔠ᒓ⃰㞟ࢆᅗࡿẁᘧ◚○ᶵ୪ࡧ⊂ⓗ࡞ᢳฟᢏ⾡ࡢඃᛶ ࠉ⎔ቃ┬⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ࡣࠊᖹᡂ20ᖺᗘࡽࠊ㐺ṇࡘຠᯝⓗ࡞࣓ࣞࢱࣝࡢࣜࢧࢡࣝ ᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡃࠊᅜ3ᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠕ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࣜࢧࢡࣝࣔࢹࣝᴗࠖࢆᐇࡋࠊ ࡉࡽ21ᖺᗘࡣ4ᆅᇦࢆ᪂ࡓ㏣ຍࡋ࡚ࠊ⏝῭ᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡽࡢ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࡢᅇཬࡧ 㐺ṇฎ⌮㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ(⎔ቃ┬࣭⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬㸪2010)ࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊᅇ㛵ࡋ ࡚ࡣࠊ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᅇࠊࡉࡽ୍ᡭ㛫ຍ࠼ࡓ࣋ࣥࢺᅇࡸᑐ㠃ᘧ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᅇ➼ࡀᐇ ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐺ᐅ㡰ㄪ࡞ᡂᯝࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᅇࡢሙྜࠊ ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶཷືⓗ࡞㞟Ⲵ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࿘▱࣭ᐉఏࡢ᪉ἲศ࡞ᡂᯝࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀ࡞ࡅࢀ ࡤࠊᐃᖖⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢᐃ╔ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࡞ࡾᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ␗≀ΰධࡢၥ㢟➼ࡶᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅇ࣎ࢵࢡࢫࢆࠊᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡅࡿ◚○ᶵ⨨ࡍࡿࡇ ࡼࡾࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸಖㆤ㸪࣋ࣥࢺᛶྥୖ㸪⎔ቃព㆑ࡢ่⃭➼ࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿഃ㠃ࡽࡢ ┦ຠᯝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊࡼࡾ㧗࠸┈ࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࠉࡲࡓࠊ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࣜࢧࢡࣝࣔࢹࣝᴗࡢయീ(ᅗ8)ࡽศࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡽ ࠕᅇࠖࠕ㞟࣭㐠ᦙࠖࠕゎయ࣭㑅ูࠖࠕ〇㘐ࠖࡲ࡛ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀูࠎࡢ⤌⧊ ࡼࡾసᴗࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≉୰㛫ฎ⌮ࡀࠕᡭసᴗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࣜࢫࢡࠊ〇㘐సᴗࡣᑓ㛛ᴗ⪅ (ᴗ)ጤクࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡽࡣࠊ⏝῭ᑠ ᆺᐙ㟁ฟᚋࡢ㈗㔠ᒓᅇࡲ࡛ࡢ㐣⛬ࡀぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᅇព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿຠᯝࡣᮇᚅ ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࣔࢹࣝᴗࡽࠊᐃᖖᅇࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᐃ╔ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡲ࡛ࡣࠊᗄࡘࡢㄢ㢟 ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ〇㘐సᴗࡣᴗጤクࡢࡓࡵࠊಶูࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ 167 ูࠊᥦᦠୖࡢၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽయࡋ࡚సᴗࢆศᩓࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊṌ␃ࡲࡾࡢ పୗࡸ㈗㔠ᒓࡢရ㉁పୗࡣྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠉࡇࢀᑐࡋࠊᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᑟධࡋࡓሙ ྜࠊᅗ୰♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࠕᅇࠖ㸪 ࠕ㞟ࠖ, ࠕゎయ࣭㑅ูࠖ,ࠕ 〇㘐ࠖࢆ୍యࡋ࡚ᢸ࠺ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡲࡓసᴗつᶍࡀࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺ ࡲࡾࠊᡭసᴗࡢ༴㝤ᛶࢆᅇ㑊ࡋࡘࡘ ▷㛫࡛ຠ⋡ⓗᐇࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ⤌⧊㛫ࡢ㍺㏦࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㐠ᦙ㈝ ⏝➼ࡶࢥࢫࢺࢲ࡛࢘ࣥࡁࠊ〇㘐ᴗ㢗 ࡽࡎࡶᑠつᶍ⤒Ⴀ୍࡛㈏ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࢆᢸ࠺ࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋ ᅗ㸶ࠉ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࣜࢧࢡࣝᴗࡢయീᑐ ࠉࠉࠉࡍࡿᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢฎ⌮⠊ᅖ ࠉࡲࡓ≉タഛࢆ᪂ࡓᩚ࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠕ㞟ࠖ,ࠕゎయ࣭㑅ูࠖࡢ㒊ศⓗᑐᛂ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ◚○ ᶵࢆᑠᗑ➼タ⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ྍ⬟࡞ࡾࠊ ࠕᦠᖏ㟁ヰ㞟Ⲵࡢሙྜࠊ㞟Ⲵ⟠ᡤࢆศᩓࡉࡏࡿ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ඛ⾜◊✲(Matsuo et al., 2011)࡛ᣦࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࡶゎᾘ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ࠊ㈗㔠ᒓ〇ရ〇㐀ࡢᴗ㐃ᦠࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᢳฟࡋࡓ㈗㔠ᒓࡢ〇ရ ࡲ࡛ヨࡳࡿࡇࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࠊᚋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ᭱⤊┠ⓗࡋ࡚㐩ᡂࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠉ࡞࠾ࠊᮏᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᑐࡍࡿᅜ⟇ᛂࡋࡓホ౯(୕ዲࡽ㸪2011ab)㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡃࠋࡲࡎࠊ2011ᖺ1᭶ᮾிᅜ㝿㆟ሙ࡛㛤ࢀࡓ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ദࡢ≉ูᒎ♧ ࠕ3R(Reduce Reuse Recycle) special eventࠖᣍ⪸ࡉࢀࠊ ࠕ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᢳฟ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏⌮ㄽࠖ ࡞ࡽࡧ◚○ᶵࡢヨసࡢ᳨ウ㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ᒎ♧ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊ♫ࡢ ືྥࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࠸ᅇ⋡ࢆࢵࣉࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࢆලయࡍࡿࡇࡀࠊᚋࡢ ㄢ㢟ᣦࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ◚○ᶵࡢᨵⰋࢆ㔜ࡡࠊẁᘧࡢ◚○ᶵࡢ㛤Ⓨ⮳ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ㛫ࡢヨ⾜ㄪᰝ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ2011ᖺ6᭶㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ➨㸯ᅇᕼᑡ㔠ᒓ㈨※㛤Ⓨ᥎㐍ᇶ┙ ᩚഛጤクᴗᢏ⾡ㄪᰝጤဨ࡚ࠊබ⾲ࡍࡿᶵࡶᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㸬Ꮫ⏕༠࠾ࡅࡿᦠᖏ㟁ヰᅇ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢヨ⾜ࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨࡢຠᯝࡢ☜ㄆ ࠉᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⌧≧ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࢆᡴ◚ࡍࡃ ⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᅇྥࡅ࡚ࠊ ࡲ ࡎඛ⾜◊✲(㟁Ẽ㏻ಙᴗ⪅༠, 2010)ࡸࣔ ࢹࣝ⌮ㄽ(Matsuo et al., 2011㸹ᱵ⃝ࡽ㸪2010)ࢆ ศᯒࡋࠊࡉࡽᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ⊂⮬ࡢ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ11)ࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ✀ ࠎࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽࡑࢀࡽࢆ᳨ ウࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊලయⓗ࡞ᅇᐇ㊶ྥ ࡅ࡚ࡢᕤኵⅬ⧅ࡆ࡚ホ౯ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓᅗࠋ ᅗ㸷ࠉᏛ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥᐇࡢࡓࡵࡢᕤኵⅬ 168 ࠉࡇࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࣟࢪࢫࢸࢵࢡࢫࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ㌟㏆࡛㐺ษ࡞ᅇሙᡤ(㖔⬦) ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛᵓෆ࠶ࡿᏛ⏕༠๓(⏕༠タ⏝⪅ࡣࠊ⣙3500㸭᪥)ࢆ㑅ᐃࡋࠊ2011ᖺ11 ᭶28᪥ࡽ12᭶2᪥ࡲ࡛(7㛫/᪥×5᪥㛫)ࠊᐃᖖⓗ࡞ᅇࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ྥࡅࡓヨ⾜ᐇ 㦂ࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ ࠉࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ≉3᪥┠ࡽᅇ⋡ࡀᛴቑࡋࠊ᭱⤊ⓗᅇࡉࢀࡓ⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ⥲ᩘ ࡣ331ಶ㐩ࡋࠊᙜึࡢண ࢆࡁࡃୖᅇࡿᡂᯝ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡣࠊᶵ✀㸪 Ⓨᮇ㸪࣓࣮࣮࢝➼ከ✀ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㏥ⶶྥ࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀᅽಽⓗከ࠸ ࡇࢆド᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᥦ౪⪅ࡽࡣࠕฎศᅔࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ,ࠕᶵࢆ㐓ࡋࡓࠖ➼ࡢኌࡀከ ࡃ⪺ࢀࠊࡉࡽ࿘▱࣭ᐉఏࢆᗈࡆ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡛ࠊᏳᐃࡋࡓᐃᖖᅇࡢᣐⅬࡋ࡚༑ศ ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ᪉ࠊᮏᐇሙᡤࡀࠊᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ࡢ㞄᥋ࡋࡓᆅ༊࡛࠶ࡿ ࡓࡵࠊ◊✲ୖฟ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࠕ㟁Ꮚᇶᯈࠖ࡞ࡢᅇࡶࠊ୪⾜ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡶࡢᮇ ᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࠉ୍᪉ࠊNPO୰㒊ࣜࢧࢡࣝ㐠ືᕷẸࡢࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏕άࢫࢱࣝ༶ࡋ࡚ࠊ ᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢฟࡢἼࡀ࠶ࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ(ᒣཱྀ㸪2012)ࠊᅇࡢࡼ࠺Ꮫᵓ ෆタ⨨ࡍࡿሙྜࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆ᪂ᶵ✀ኚ᭦ࡋࡸࡍ࠸༞ᴗᘧ๓ࡸᖺᗘึࡵᅇᣑ࢟ ࣮ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢᐇ➼ࢆヨࡳࢀࡤࠊࡉࡽຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᚋࡣࠊ Ꮫබㄆ⎔ቃࢧ࣮ࢡࣝ(➹⪅ࡀ㢳ၥࢆᢸᙜ)㐃ᦠࡋࡘࡘࠊ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࢚ࢥࣟࢪ࣮ࡢᐇ㊶ࡢ ୍⎔ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡣࠊᏛࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊᆅᇦࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ࠾ࡅࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㐠⏝ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⮬యࡸᴗࡢ㐃ᦠ༠ຊࡶ௮ࡂ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢᗈᇦ࡞㖔⬦ࡢ☜ಖᅇつᶍࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᣑࢆ┠ㄽࡴࠊ♫ᐇ㊶✚ᴟ ⓗ⮫ࢇ࡛࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸲㸬࠾ࢃࡾ ࠉ2013ᖺࡼࡾࠊᡃࡀᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏝῭ᑠᆺᐙ㟁ᶵჾ➼ࣜࢧࢡࣝไᗘࡀ㒊ศⓗ⾜ ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᇶ♏◊✲ࡢศ㔝࡛㆟ㄽࡀάᛶࡋࡓ㈗㔠ᒓᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࢆࠊ ἲไᗘ༶ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤☜ᐇ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿᚲせᛶࡀຍ㏿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓ ࠕ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࣜࢧࢡࣝࣔࢹࣝᴗࠖࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡓྛᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᡂᯝ➼ࡣࠊࣔࢹࣝ ᆅᇦࡢ㑏ඖ࣭⥅⥆ᛶ␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊᆅᇦ┦ᑐࡋ࡚ࡺࡃດຊࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗ㐠⏝ࡢホ౯ඛ➃ⓗᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢᐇ⌧ᛶࡢホ౯ࡀࠊಶูศ᩿ࡋ࡚ ᐇࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᒎᮃྥࡅࡓ⥭ᐦ࡞㐃ᦠࡢࣃࣉࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇࡶồࡵࡽ ࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢᇶ♏◊✲ࡢ㧗ᗘࡔࡅ┠ࢆྥࡅ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕ⾜ື⛉Ꮫࠖ༶ࡋࡓໟᣓⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡀࠊᐇ㊶ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ 169 ⓗᒎ㛤⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡁ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㛤Ⓨࢆ ྵࡴ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡣࠊ୍㠃ⓗศᯒ࣭ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊඹ㏻ࡢㄢ㢟ᑐࡍ ࡿᏛ㝿ⓗ༠ຊయไࡢᵓ⠏ࡑࢀࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓᑗ᮶ࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆᥖࡆࡿ⥲ྜⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒◊✲ ࡀ⫢せ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾ⮬↛⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞⌮ゎࡸᢏ⾡࣭᪉ἲㄽࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ♫ࡸ⤒ ῭࣭ᨻࡢ⤌ࡳࢆࡢࡼ࠺ኚ࠼࡚ࡺࡃࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ど㔝࡛㛫ⓗ࣭✵㛫ⓗ ࡞ኚࡢ┦ἢࡗ࡚య⣔ⓗศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽࡑࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊᅜ ෆ࡛ࡢ⮬ຓດຊᅜࡽࡢᅜ㝿༠ຊࡀ㐃ືࡋ࡚ࠊໟᣓⓗᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ ⠏ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇࡀᚋ┈ࠎồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࠉࡉࡽ࡞ࡿṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢᾏእࡢࠕぢ࠼࡞࠸ࣇ࣮ࣟࠖࡢࡼ࠺ ㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ㐍ᒎࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ ᚠ⎔㈨※(⏕㈨※࣭୰ྂရ)ࡢ㈠᫆ࡼࡿ㉺ቃ⛣ືࡀᣑࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ᪤ሗ(୕ዲ㸪 2010㸤2011)࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ୰ᅜᗈᮾ┬ࢫ࣡ࢺ࢘ᕷ㏆㑹ࡢ㈗ᕋ(Guiyu)ᮧࡢ➼ࢆᣲࡆ࡞ࡀ ࡽゝཬࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ㉺ቃ⛣ືక࠺⎔ቃởᰁࡸࣜࢫࢡࡢ⛣㌿ၥ㢟ࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚ࡺ ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡶࡣࡸᚠ⎔ࡣᅜෆࡔࡅࢆὀどࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㏆ᮍ᮶ⓗᅜ 㝿ⓗ࡞ᚠ⎔ᆺ♫ࡢᵓ⠏(⎔ቃ┬୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟㸪2006 )ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ど㔝 ࡽ᳨ウࡉࢀࡿࡁ௦ࢆ㏄࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾ้ࠎ㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㔜⠜࡞ ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇᛴົ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡀࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡣࠊ ࡑࡢᑐ㇟ࡢỗ⏝ᛶࡽࠊ┤㠃ࡍࡿ㔜㔠ᒓởᰁᅵተࡢಟࡢᐤࡶྍ⬟࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊẚ㍑ⓗᏳ౯࡛౽ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഃ㠃ࢆάࡋࠊᑗ᮶ⓗࡣ⌧ᆅ♫ࡢࣜࢧ ࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒⌧ሙࡢᑟධ➼ࡢᅜ㝿㈉⊩ࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲ࡣከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃ࡽࠊ ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡢ⌧≧ᨵၿᙺ❧ࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࠉ୍᪉ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ㛵ࢃࡿ⊂ⓗ࡞ᇶ♏⌮ㄽࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙࡚ࡁ ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᪧࢫ࣌ࣥ㡿࣓࡛ࣜ࢝⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓྂⓗ࡞〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࡽぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ〇㘐ᛂ㐣⛬ࢆ♧ࡍᏛᛂᘧࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ19ୡ⣖୰ᗤ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇ㚷ࡳࡿࠊࡑࡢᙜࠊィࡾ▱ࢀࡠ⛬ࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ୰ࡽࠊ༟㉺ࡋࡓ ほᐹຊὝᐹຊࡀάࡉࢀࡘࡘࠊᕦጁ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚య⣔ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡶ ぢ㏨ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢ㖔ᒣᴗࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊᴟࡵ࡚ከࡃࡢඛఫ Ẹࡀᙉไປാࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࠊỈ㖟୰ẘࡸ㐣㓞࡞ປാࡼࡿᗣ⿕ᐖࡸࢆⴠࡍ༴ᶵࡉ ࠼ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐇ(ᰁ⏣㸪1986)ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠉ⎔ቃởᰁၥ㢟ࡣࡢ㉳ࡇࡾࡽࠊࡑࡢ⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡿேࠎࡢከࡃࡀࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࣭♫ⓗ ┈࡞❧ሙ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ♫ⓗᙅ⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓ⪁ேࡸᏊࡶ࡞ࡢ⏕⌮ⓗᙅ ⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࡀࠊࢢࣘᮧ࠾ࡅࡿ㟁ᏊᗫᲠ≀ၥ㢟ࡢぢࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⌧௦♫ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢ≧ἣࡣ࠸ࡲࡔᨵၿࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ♫ⓗ⬤ᙅ࡞㒊ศࠖ (The Commission Human Security㸪2003)ὀどࡋ࡚ࡺࡃே㛫ࡢᏳಖ㞀❧⬮ࡋࡓࣉࣟ ࣮ࢳࡑࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡀࠊ⎔ቃၥ㢟ᨵၿࡶ┈ࠎồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡉ ࡽࡣࠊኚࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛ࠊಶேࡸᆅᇦࡀࡑࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚ࠊ⏕άࡢ⬣ጾࢆ 170 ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿయࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ⮬ࡽࡢุ᩿ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⾜ືࡍࡿయࡋ࡚ࠊ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ ࣥࢺࢆᇵࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࡇࡶࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ど㔝ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊໟᣓⓗᨭࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇࡀồࡵࡽ ࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉ᪉࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢጼໃࡋ࡚ࠊேࠎࡢ⏕ᴗࡽ㛤Ⓨࡢ㘽ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍ ࠸࠺どⅬࡣࠊ⮬⏤࡞Ⓨᒎࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࡁࡓඛ➃⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ♫ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡋ࡚ࠊ ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ2011ᖺ3᭶᪥ᮏ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ⚟ᓥ➨୍ཎᏊຊ Ⓨ㟁ᡤࡢᨾ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣜࢫࢡࡣே㛫ࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆక࠺༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᅇ㑊ࡀᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ 㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡶࠊ౽ᛶࡢྥୖࡸ⤒῭ᛶࢆ┠ㄽࢇ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ ࠕᢏ⾡ࠖ⮬యࡀࠊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ᮍᡂࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ♫ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᠱ ᛕࡍࡿᩍカࡀ῝ࡃ้ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㐃ࡢᡂᯝࡣࠊᩘⓒᖺ๓⏕ࡁࡿඛேࡓࡕࡀṧࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠕே 㛫ࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࠖ⛠ࡍࡁᢏ⾡ࡢᡤ⏘ࢆࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞㛫㍈ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ้ࠎ㐍 ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡢᨵၿ㑏ඖࡍࡿࡓࡵά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࠊᚋࡣໟᣓⓗ࣭ Ꮫ㝿ⓗウ✲ࢆᙉࡋࡘࡘࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㐍ᒎᮇᚅࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ㅰ㎡ ࠉᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᖹᡂ21ᖺᗘ㜰Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࢧ࢚ࣥࢫࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ⤒㈝ ࠕỈ㖟ởᰁᅵተࡢᨵ㉁㈗㔠ᒓᅇ㛵ࡍࡿᛂ⏝㛤Ⓨ┤⤖ࡋࡓᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲ࠖ୪ࡧᖹᡂ 23ᖺᗘྠ⤒㈝㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ(୰ྂᦠᖏ㟁ヰ)ࡽࡢ⛥ᑡ㈨※(㈗㔠ᒓ࣭࣓ࣞࢱࣝ)ᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖ ࡼࡾ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡓᡂᯝࢆከࡃྵࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊຓᡂ㡬࠸ࡓ㜰Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉῝ㅰ⮴ࡋ ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ(ᰴ)ఫ㔠ᒓᕤᴗࠊ(ᰴ)❧ᕤᴗࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝᚨᓥ┴ேࡼࡾ◊✲ዡບࡢࡈᨭ ࢆ㡬ᡝࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ◚○⨨ᨵⰋ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ(ᰴ)❧ᕤᴗ୪ࡧ(ᰴ)୕ᅽࣥࢲࢫࢺࣜ ࣮ከ࡞ࡿࡈ༠ຊࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡇࢆཌࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽᦠᖏ㟁ヰᅇ࢟ࣕ ࣥ ࣌ ࣮ ࣥ ࡛ ࡈ ᨭ 㡬 ࠸ ࡓ 㜰 Ꮫ ⏕ ά ༠ ྠ ⤌ ྜ ྿ ⏣ ᨭ 㒊 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ⪅ ࡢ ⓙ ᵝ ࠊᮇ 㛫 ୰ ࠊ ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆࡈᥦ౪㡬࠸ࡓⓙᵝࠊࡇࡢሙࢆ࠾ࡾࡋ࡚ㅰពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ὀ 1)ኳ↛㖔ᒣࡀ⮬↛ࡢస⏝࡛᭷⏝≀㉁ࡀ⃰㞟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᙧୖࡢሙᡤ(㖔ᗋࠊ㖔⬦㸧ࢆᕪࡍࡢ ࠉᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ᭷⏝≀ࢆேⅭⓗ᥇᥀ࡋ࡚௨㝆ࠊ〇ရ࡞ࡾᗫᲠ≀࡞ࡗࡓ᭷⏝≀㉁ࢆ ࠉேⅭⓗ㞟✚ࡉࡏࡓሙᡤࢆேᕤ㖔ᒣ࠸࠺ࠋࡋࡋ㖔ᒣࡋ࡚ࡢ౯್ࡣࡑࡢ㞟✚ᗘྜ࠸ ࠉࡼࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡾࠊ㞟✚≧ἣࡣᴫࡋ࡚ேཱྀᐦᗘẚࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⏕ྍ⬟㈨※ࡢ⃰㞟ࡋ ࠉࡓ㒔ᕷࡇࡑࡀ㈨※ᚠ⎔ࡢሙ⨨ࡅࠊ᭷⏝≀㉁ࡢ✚ࡉࢀࡓሙᡤࢆ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣᐃ⩏ ࠉࡋࡓ(༡ᲄ㸪1987)ࠋ 2)ࣥࣂ࣮ࢫ࣭࣐ࢽࣗࣇࢡࢳࣕࣜࣥࢢࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾࡢࠕタィĺ⏕⏘ĺ⏝ĺ ࠉᗫᲠࠖ࠸࠺ᕤ⛬ࡢࠕᗫᲠࠖ᭰࠼࡚ࠊࠕᅇĺศゎĺ㑅ูĺ⏝ĺ⏕⏘ࠖ࠸࠺ ࠉ⏝ᚋࡢὶࢀࢆ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ〇ရࢆタィ࣭〇㐀ࡍࡿ⤌ࡳࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ 171 3)〇㘐(smelting)ࡣ㖔▼ࡽ㔠ᒓࢆᢳฟࡍࡿ᧯స࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⢭㘐(refining)ࡣ㔠ᒓࡽ ࠉ⣧≀ࢆ㝖ཤࡍࡿ᧯స࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 4)Ỉ㖟ࡣᖖ ࡛ᾮయ࡛࠶ࡾࠊከࡃࡢ㔠ᒓྜ≀(≉㔠ᒓ㛫ྜ≀)ࢆᐜ᫆ᙧᡂࡍࡿࡀࠊ ࠉࡑࡢྜ≀ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࡢᚤ⢏Ꮚࢆᠱ⃮ࡋࡓ≧ែࢆ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞⥲⛠ࡍࡿࠋ㔠ࡀ᭱ࡶ ࠉ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞≧ែ࡞ࡾ᫆ࡃࠊྂࡃࡽࡇࡢᛶ㉁ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚〇㘐ࡸ࣓ࢵ࢟ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࠉ㖟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࡢཎ⌮ࡀ⏕ࡉࢀᐇ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ୰ୡ௨㝆࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐 ࠉࡣከࡃࡢሙྜ፹⁐ྠሷỈࢆῧຍࡍࡿࡢ࡛‵ᘧ〇㘐ᒓࡋࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡶヲ⣽ࢆ ࠉ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 5)1563ᖺⓎぢࡉࢀࡓ࣮࣌ࣝ㡿ෆ࠶ࡿ࣡ࣥ࢝࣋ࣜ࢝㖔ᒣࡢỈ㖟ࢆࠊ⋤ᐊࡢᑓࡋ࡚ ࠉ☜ಖࡋࡓࠋ 6)࣏ࢺࢩ㖟㖔ᒣࡣࠊ1545ᖺⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊึ㢌ࡣఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ඛఫẸࡢࢢࣛἲ࡛ ࠉ⢭㘐ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᡭἲ࡛ࡣࠊ㧗ရࡢ㖔▼ࡢࡳࡋ⢭㘐࡛ࡁࡎࠊ1572ᖺ㡭ࡣရ ࠉࡀⴠࡕ࡚ప㏞ࡋࠊࡋࡶᒌ㖔ࡀሁ✚ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ 7)㔠ᒓࡢ〇㘐ἲࡣ୕᪉ᘧ࠶ࡿࠋ‵ᘧ/ᘧ/㟁ゎࡢྛ〇㘐ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓⪅㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ ࠉ〇㘐ࢆỈ⁐ᾮ࡞ࡢ⁐፹୰࡛⾜࠺ሙྜ‵ᘧ⢭㘐࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ⮬యࡢ⁐⼥≧ែࡸẼయࢆ ࠉᛂ≀㉁ࡍࡿሙྜࡣᘧ〇㘐࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㥑ືຊ㟁Ẽࢆࡗࡓ‵ᘧ⢭㘐ࡀ㟁ゎ〇㘐 ࠉ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࠋ 8)⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㔠ᒓ㛫ྜ≀ࡣȖྜ㔠Ag΅HgΆ࡛࠶ࡿุ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 9)⢊○ᚋࠊ2mm௨ୗ0.5mm௨ୗࡢ㔜㔞ẚࡢ㛫ࠊṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊࡲࡓ⣼✚㔜㔞 ࠉศᕸࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡽࠊ㐣⢊○ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ0.5mm௨ୗࡢ㔜㔞⋡ࢆ17㸣๓ᚋタᐃࡍ ࠉࡿࡇࡀࠊ᭱㐺᮲௳࡞ࡿࡇࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ 10) 0.5mm ௨ୗ㔜㔞ẚ17㸣ࢆ᳜࠼ࡿ◚○᮲௳ࡣࠊ◚○㔜㔞ࡈᅇ㌿㏿ᗘࡢඖỴᐃࡉࢀ ࠉࡿᡤ⏝◚○㛫࡛♧ࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡣࠊ◚○ᐊෆࡢ⢊యᣲືࢆ⩼ᆺ◚○ᶵࡢὶయຊ ࠉᏛⓗ┦ఝᙧᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᡤ⏝◚○㛫ࢆᅇ㌿㏿ᗘࡢ୕๎࡛⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ ࠉ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ 11) 2010ᖺ11᭶ࠊே㛫⛉Ꮫ㒊࣭ἲᏛ㒊➼ࡢᏛ⏕(⣙150ྡ)ࢆᑐ㇟ࠊ2ᗘΏࡾࠊ⡆᫆࡞グ ࠉ㏙ᘧࡢࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ᪥ᮏㄒᩥ⊩ 㟷ᮌᗣᚁ (2000),ࠗ༡⡿࣏ࢺࢩ㖟ᒣ࠘, ୰ኸබㄽ᪂♫ ጜᓮṇ (2009),ࠕࢫࣃࣀ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᳜Ẹᆅ௦࠾ࡅࡿ㖟㖔ᒣ࡛ࡢỈ㖟ởᰁ㛵ࡍࡿ ᆅᇦືែⓗ◊✲ࠖ㸪 ࠗࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝே㛫Ꮫ࠘, Vol.1, pp.55-68. ጜᓮṇ㸪୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ (2011),ࠕࢫ᳜࣌ࣥẸ௦ࡢ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࠾ࡅࡿ㖟〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࡢ ホ౯᪥ⓗᛂ⏝㛤Ⓨࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠖ㸪 ࠗ㜰Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ⣖せ࠘,Vol.37, pp.299-319. ጜᓮṇ㸪୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ (2012),ࠕ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶ⓗ◊✲í⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ◚○≉ᛶ 172 㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ᳨ウࠖ㸪 ࠗ㜰Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ⣖せ࠘, Vol.38, pp.131-153. ጜᓮṇ㸪୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ㸪ᒣᮏ㧗㑳(2012),ࠕ⏝῭ࡳᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢẁ◚○㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿྛ✀ 㔠ᒓࡢศ㞳࣭จ㞟⌧㇟ࠖ㸪➨164ᅇ㕲㗰༠⛅ᮇㅮ₇ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ㅮ₇㈨ᩱ. ᱵ⃝ගᕼ㸪ቑ⏣ᝋኵ (2010),ࠕᦠᖏ㟁ヰ➃ᮎࡢᅇࡑࡢຠ⋡㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࠖ㸪 ࠗ᪥ᮏ≀ὶ Ꮫㄅ࠘㸪Vol.18, 81-88. ᑠᓥ㐨୍(⦅) (2005),ࠗࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᚠ⎔㈨※㈠᫆࠘,᪥ᮏ㈠᫆⯆ᶵᵓ(ࢪ࢙ࢺࣟ)ࢪ ⤒῭◊✲ᡤ. ⎔ቃ┬࣭⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ (2010),ࠕ⏝῭ࡳᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡽࡢ࣓ࣞࢱࣝࡢᅇཬࡧ㐺ṇฎ⌮ 㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࣜࢧࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ୰㛫ࡾࡲࡵࠖ ⎔ቃ┬୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟ࠉᗫᲠ≀࣭ࣜࢧࢡࣝ㒊ࠉᅜ㝿ᚠ⎔ᆺ♫ᙧᡂ⎔ቃಖ㛵 ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ጤဨࠉ➨ᅇ୰㛫ሗ࿌ᴫせ∧(2006ᖺ1᭶30᪥)㸬 ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ (2009),࣓ࠗࣞࢱࣝ☜ಖᡓ␎࠘㸪pp.1-37. బΏᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨୡ⏺㑇⏘࣭ᩥ⯆ࠊ᪂₲┴ᩍ⫱ᗇᩥ⾜ᨻㄢ⦅ⴭ(2008),ࠗ㯤㔠ࡢ ᓥࢆṌࡃ㸫బΏ㖟㔠ᒣࡢṔྐᩥ㸫࠘㸪᪂₲᪥ሗᴗ⪅. ᰁ⏣⚽⸨ (1989),ࠕࢫ࣌ࣥ㡿࣓ࣜ࢝㸫࣮࣌ࣝ⋤㡿ࠖ㸪 ࠗࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ྐࠊ᳜Ẹᆅ௦ ࡢᐇീ࠘ 㸦ᰁ⏣⚽⸨⦅㸧ୡ⏺ᛮ♫, pp.97-206㸬 ᑎᅬ῟ (2008),ࠕ ᪥ᮏࡽࢪྛᅜྥ࠺⏝῭ࡳ㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚᶵჾ㸸ࡈࡳ㈨※ࠖ㸪 ࠗ⛉Ꮫ࠘㸪Vol.78㸪pp.768-772. ᑎᅬ῟㸪ྜྷ⏣⥤ (2012),ࠕ⏝῭ᐙ㟁〇ရࡢᅜෆࣇ࣮ࣟ㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ୰ྂရ㍺ฟ㔞ࡢ᥎ ᐃࠖ㸪 ࠗᗫᲠ≀㈨※ᚠ⎔Ꮫㄅ࠘㸪Vol.23, 280-294. 㟁Ẽ㏻ಙᴗ⪅༠ (2010),ࠕ ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࣭PHSࣜࢧࢡࣝ㛵ࡍࡿࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࠖ ୰㔝ᐃ㞝, ୰㔝㔛⨾, ୰㔝⨾௦ (1986),ࠗࣉࣜࣗ࢘ࢫࡢ༤≀ㄅ࠘(➨Ϫᕳ), 㞝ᒣ㛶ฟ∧ ༡ᲄ㐨ኵ (1987),ࠕ 㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㛤Ⓨíໟᣓⓗ㈨※ほࡼࡿࣜࢧࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⨨࡙ࡅࠖ㸪 ࠗᮾᏛ㑅㖔〇㘐◊✲ᡤᙡሗ࠘㸪No.43, pp.239-251. ཎ⏣ṇ⣧, ୰す‽Ꮚ, ᑠ (1995),ࠕࣈࣛࢪ࣭࣐ࣝࢰࣥỈᇦࡢ᥇㔠ࡼࡿỈ㖟ởᰁㄪᰝࠖ, ࠗබ⾗⾨⏕࠘, Vol.59, p.p.307-311. ୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ (2010),ࠕ㞟✚ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ㟁ᏊᗫᲠ≀ࡼࡿ୰ᅜࡢ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡑࡢᑐ⟇㸫ே㛫ࡢ Ᏻಖ㞀ࢧࢫࢸࢼࣅࣜࢸᏛࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚íࠖNew Food Industry, Vol.52, pp.53-61. ୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ (2011),ࠕ㞟✚ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ㟁ᏊᗫᲠ≀ࡼࡿ୰ᅜࡢ⎔ቃၥ㢟୪ࡧᕼᑡ㔠ᒓᅇ 㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖ㸪 ࠗ㜰Ꮫ୰ᅜᩥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩ࣮ࣙࣥ࣌ࣃ࣮࠘, No.2011-11, pp.1-16. ୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ㸪ጜᓮṇ (2011),ࠕඛேࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࢆᮍ᮶άࡍ㸫⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊ ✲ࡼࡿ⎔ቃởᰁᨵၿࡢᣮᡓ㸫ࠖNew Food Industry, Vol.53, pp.69-79. ୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ㸪ጜᓮṇ㸪⚟ᘅ (2011a),ࠕ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ(ᗫᲠᦠᖏ㟁ヰ)㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡍࡿඹྠ◊ ✲ࠖ㸪3R(Reduce Reuse Recycle) special event ୰ᑠ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕᴗࣃࣅࣜ࢜ࣥ⤒⏘ᴗ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡼࡿ࣓ࣞࢱࣝᅇᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢᣮᡓ 173 ┬ദ≉ู⏬(40ᅇࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࣉࢥ࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃ࣭ࣥ➨28ᅇ࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢸࢫࢺ࣭ ࢪࣕࣃࣥ)㸪ᮾி ᅜ㝿ᒎ♧ሙ, 1᭶19ࠥ21᪥. ୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ㸪ጜᓮṇ㸪⚟ᘅ (2011b),ࠕ୰ྂᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ㔠ᒓ⃰⦰ᆺ◚○⨨ࡢ㛤Ⓨ୪ ࡧࡑࢀࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ࣓ࣞࢱࣝഛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗヨ⾜ࠖ㸪ᖹᡂ23ᖺᗘ ➨㸯ᅇᕼᑡ㔠ᒓ㈨※㛤Ⓨ᥎㐍ᇶ┙ᩚഛጤクᴗᢏ⾡ㄪᰝጤဨ㸪⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே ▼Ἔኳ↛࢞ࢫ࣭㔠ᒓ㖔≀㈨※ᶵᵓ(㹈㹍㹅㹋㹃㹁)㸪ᮾி㸪 6᭶27᪥. ᮧୖ㐍ு (2012),ࠕᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢࣇ࣮ࣟᅇ࣭㞟࣭㐠ᦙࠖ㸪 ࠗᗫᲠ≀㈨※ᚠ⎔Ꮫㄅ࠘㸪 Vol.23, 303-310. ᳃ୗဴ (2012),ࠕ⏝῭ᑠᆺ㟁Ꮚᶵჾ➼ࣜࢧࢡࣝไᗘࡢᴫせᚋࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㛵ࡍࡿ ⪃ᐹࠖ㸪 ࠗᗫᲠ≀㈨※ᚠ⎔Ꮫㄅ࠘㸪Vol.23, 280-294. ᒣཱྀカୡ (2012),ࠕ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬࣭⎔ቃ┬ࣔࢹࣝᴗ㸸ྡྂᒇ࣭ὠᓥࣔࢹࣝࠖ㸪ᅜ㝿༠ຊࢩࣥ ࣏ࢪ࣒࢘ࠗ╀ࡿ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㸸࣓ࣞࢱࣝíࣜࢧࢡࣝࡀᣅࡃ㈨※ᅜࡢ㐨࠘㸪 ㅮ₇Ⓨ⾲㈨ᩱ ᒣᮏຬ୕ (1938),ࠗ⏘㔠࠘, ࢲࣖࣔࣥࢻ♫. 㸦እᅜㄒᩥ⊩㸧 Acosta, P. 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Metallurgy., pp. 267-285. Matsuo, S., Jung-Ah, K., Murata, K., Dodbiba, G. and Fujita, T. (2011) Evaluating the Practical Application of Underwater Explosion for Recycling, Vol. 58, 52-58. The Commission Human Security (2003) Human Security Now: Protecting and Empowering People, N. Y.. 174 A Technological Development and Practical Approach for Strategy for Ensuring Stable Supplies of Rare Metals Emako MIYOSHI and Shoji ANEZAKI Japan needs effective schemes for recycling apart from the Home Appliance Recycling Law; particularly needed are further collection of used PCs under the existing scheme and a system to collect cell phones and small household electronics. Moreover, despite the growing interest in the environment and recycling, the industry struggles to obtain enough used mobile phones to feed its recycling plants. Mobile phones contain high concentrations of useful metals, including various rare metals. Promoting their recovery and recycling is important from the viewpoint of effectively using resources. Thus, because a recycling system for small household appliances, such as mobile phones, will be legislated in 2013, further technological development and a more practical approach are needed for the so-called urban mines, places where material is reclaimed from urban waste for reuse. Therefore, we have been developing a practical approach to be used in urban mining for the recycling of rare metals from used mobile phones. We use an interdisciplinary approach relating to the re-evaluation of the Silver Smelting Technology in Colonial Peru as the basis for our new technical development. We focus on the smelting technology of the Potosi Mine, which was the first successful venture in the industrialization of silver amalgamation during Spanish colonization; it demonstrated key technologies in related historical documents, from the perspective of scientific knowledge. We present a schematic model to explain the smelting technology of the Potosi Mine, believing that we could use these basic theories for our new technical development. In addition to emphasizing extraction efficiency, we have elaborated on additional experimental devices in order to encourage consumers to recycle mobile phones and increase mobile phone recycling rates. Our newly developed system has excellent features that include a crushing operation, metal concentration, and physical classification. Thus, in order to enhance the extraction of precious metals, such as gold, a device crushes used mobile phones into flakes of less than 10 mm in size in the first step. It is easy to operate because it uses ordinary AC power and a viewable crushing process. Moreover, the size of the pieces can be adjusted in accordance with not only the required security level but also the desirable metal concentration by means of various optional properties. In using the second step of the crushing device with a rotation speed between 0 and 25000 rpm, more than 95% of the gold, silver, and platinum were concentrated into a product that was ground into pieces of less than 2 mm in size. Using this new system, we held a successful campus campaign for recycling used mobile phones, with 331 used mobile phones returned during the campaign period. In this way, we are continuing research that will contribute to a strategy for ensuring a stable supply of rare metals.