...

Get cached

by user

on
Category: Documents
55

views

Report

Comments

Transcript

Get cached
Title
Author(s)
Citation
Issue Date
独創的な文理融合研究によるレアメタル回収技術開発と
実践的展開への挑戦 : 先人の知恵の結晶を未来に活かす
三好, 恵真子; 姉崎, 正治
大阪大学大学院人間科学研究科紀要. 39 P.153-P.174
2013-03-30
Text Version publisher
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/11094/24784
DOI
Rights
Osaka University
153
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
Ѹඛேࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࢆᮍ᮶࡟ά࠿ࡍѸ
୕ࠉዲࠉᜨ┿Ꮚ࣭ጜࠉᓮࠉṇࠉ἞
┠ࠉḟ
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
㸰㸬⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࠿ࡽぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟᇶ♏⌮ㄽ࡜ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ
㸱㸬ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡟ྥࡅࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᚩ࡜௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ
㸲㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉⣖せ 㸹㸦㸧
155
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
Ѹඛேࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࢆᮍ᮶࡟ά࠿ࡍѸ
୕ࠉዲࠉᜨ┿Ꮚ࣭ጜࠉᓮࠉṇࠉ἞ࠉ
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ࠉᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ2000ᖺ࡟ᚠ⎔ᆺ♫఍㛵㐃භἲࡀᡂ❧ࡋࠊᚠ⎔ᆺ♫఍ᙧᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠊᗫ
Რ≀⟶⌮ᨻ⟇ࡢἲయ⣔ࡀ㡰ㄪ࡟ᩚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ
ࠕᅜෆࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚠ⎔࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊᚠ⎔㈨※(෌⏕
㈨※࣭୰ྂရ)ࡢ㈠᫆࡟ࡼࡿ㉺ቃ⛣ືࡀᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ(ᑠᓥ㸪2005)ࠊࡲࡓ⛣ືඛࡢ⌧ᆅ♫
఍࡛ࡣ୙㐺ษ࡞ฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡿ⎔ቃ࣭ேయởᰁࡶᾋୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ౑⏝
῭ࡳᐙ㟁〇ရ4ရ┠(ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥ⟶ᆺࢸࣞࣅ㸪࢚࢔ࢥࣥ㸪෭ⶶᗜ࣭෭෾ᗜ㸪Ὑ℆ᶵ)ࢆᑐ㇟࡜
ࡋࡓࠕᐙ㟁ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝἲࠖࡀ2001ᖺ࡟᪋⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢἲ࣮ࣝࢺ࡟஌ࡽࡎࠊ⌧⾜࡛ࡣ
ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㐣༙ᩘ࡯࡝࡟ࡶࡢࡰࡿᗫᐙ㟁ࡣࠊ୙㐺ษ࡞ฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࠕぢ࠼࡞࠸ࣇ࣮ࣟࠖࡢ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᑎᅬ㸪2008㸹ᑎᅬࡽ㸪2012)ࠋ
ࠉ௚᪉ࠊ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࡿᡴᧁࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ2010ᖺࡢᑤ㛶ㅖᓥἈ࡛ࡢ୰ᅜ⁺⯪⾪✺
ࡶᙉ࠸㏣࠸㢼࡜࡞ࡗࡓࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ౪⤥㞀ᐖ࡜୙Ᏻᐃ࡞ᅜ㝿᝟ໃ➼࡟㚷ࡳࠊ≉
࡟ᡃࡀᅜࡢᙉࡳ࡛࠶ࡿᢏ⾡ຊࢆ᭱኱㝈࡟ά࠿ࡋ࡚ࠕ㈨※኱ᅜࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ㈨※࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
౪⤥㠉࿨ࠖࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅜᐙⓗᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚┠ㄽࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬㸪2009)ࠋ୰࡛
ࡶࠕ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣࠖ1)࠿ࡽᏳ౯࡛ຠ⋡ࡼࡃ࣮ࣜࣘࢫ࣭ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㔜せᛶࡀᛴ㏿࡟㧗
ࡲࡾࠊ≉࡟₯ᅾⓗᅇ཰ྍ⬟ྎᩘࡀᖺ㛫5,000୓ྎ࡟㐩ࡍࡿ౑⏝῭࣭ᗫᲠᦠᖏ㟁ヰ(⎔ቃ┬࣭
⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬, 2010)࠿ࡽࡢࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࡢᅇ཰ࡢᐇ㊶ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㔠ᒓඖ⣲ᡓ␎ୖࡢ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟
࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆྵࡴᑠᆺᗫᐙ㟁ࡢἲไᗘ࡟
࠾ࡅࡿࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᮍᩚഛ࡛࠶ࡗࡓୖ࡟ࠊ✀ࠎࡢ⌮⏤(ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕࣮㸪
㧗ᶵ⬟໬➼)࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㏥ⶶရࡢᙧࡶྵࡵ࡚ᮍᅇ཰ࡢࡲࡲ೵␃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀከࡃ(⎔ቃ┬࣭
⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬㸪2010)ࠊ඲ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ㐣⛬(ᅇ཰ᕤ⛬㸪◚○ᕤ⛬㸪㔠ᒓᢳฟᕤ⛬)ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡶࠊ
ࡑࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ₯ᅾⓗᅇ཰ྍ⬟ྎᩘ࠿ࡽぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓሙ
ྜࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝ඲㍺ධ㔞࡟༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡣ⣙0.2㸣࡜ᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ
࡟ࡣ」ᩘࡢࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࡀ⣧ᗘࡢ㧗࠸≧ែ࡛ΰྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㧗౯್ࡢ㈨※࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡣぢ㏨ࡏ
ࡎࠊᐃᖖⓗ࡞ᅇ཰ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᚲせᛶ࡟㏕ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫఍ⓗせㄳ࡟㐃ືࡋࠊ୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟఍ᗫᲠ≀≀࣭ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ㒊఍ᑠᆺ㟁Ẽ㟁
Ꮚᶵჾࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝไᗘཬࡧ౑⏝῭〇ရ୰ࡢ᭷⏝㈗㔠ᒓࡢ෌⏕฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑠጤဨ఍࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࠊ2012ᖺ1᭶࡟ᑠᆺ㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚᶵჾࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝไᗘ᱌ࡀྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࠊ3᭶࡟ࠕ౑⏝
῭ᑠᆺ㟁Ꮚᶵჾ➼ࡢ෌㈨※໬ࡢಁ㐍࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࠖࡢ㛶㆟Ỵᐃࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ8᭶࡟ᅜ఍࡟࡚ྍ
Ỵ࣭ᡂ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏไᗘࡣࠊ2013ᖺࡼࡾ㒊ศⓗ࡟᪋⾜ࡉࢀࠊ௨ᚋ2ᖺ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ἲᩚഛࡉ
156
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊࠕㄡ࠿࡟⩏ົࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚⮬୺ⓗ࡟ᅇ཰
᪉ἲࡸࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝᐇ᪋᪉ἲࢆᕤኵࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ஦᝟࡟ྜࢃࡏࡓᙧ࡛ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ
ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿಁ㐍ᆺࡢไᗘࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ
ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࠊᅇ཰⋡ࢆቑࡸࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᚎࠎ࡟ရ┠㸪㖔✀㸪ᆅᇦࢆᣑ኱ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠖ
࡜ࡢ⟅⏦ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ไᗘタィࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ(᳃ୗ㸪2012)ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ⩏ົᆺ࡜ࡣ
␗࡞ࡾࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཧ⏬ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢ୺యᛶ࣭ከᵝᛶࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ≉ฟࡍ
࡭ࡁὀ┠Ⅼ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࠉࡇࡢไᗘ໬࡟ඛ❧ࡕࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢᅇ཰࣭཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊヲ⣽࡞ㄪᰝ࣭ศᯒࢆ㔜
ࡡ࡚࠸ࡿᮧୖࡢ⥲ㄝ(2012)࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊୖ㏙ࡢᾏእ࡬ࡢࠕぢ࠼࡞࠸ࣇ࣮ࣟࠖࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㏥
ⶶ࡟ྥ࠿࠺㔞ࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ከࡃࠊࡲࡓ⮬἞య➼࡛ᅇ཰ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡉࢀࡎ࡟ᇙࡵ❧
࡚ฎศࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ኱༙࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㐠⏝ୖࡢㄢ㢟
ࡶලయⓗ࡟ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ㔜せ࡞╔║Ⅼ࡜㐃ືࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ
ࡓࡵࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ≀ὶࡢഃ㠃࠿ࡽẁ㝵ⓗ࡟௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋ┤ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢḟ
ඖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡀࠕຠ⋡໬࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ
ᅇ཰࣭཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙḟ≀ὶࡢຠ⋡໬㸸ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡢึᮇẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㏥ⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ〇ရࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᤼ฟࡋࠊᴟຊࣜࢧ࢖ࢡ࣮ࣝࣝࢺ࡟㍕ࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㛤Ⓨ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᅇ཰࣭཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙࠖࡣࠊኳ↛㖔ᒣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞స⏝࡜᥇᥀(᥇㖔)࡜࠸
࠺2ẁ㝵ࢆ⤫ᣓࡋ࡚ᢸ࠺ࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚㧗࠸ࠋ≉࡟ࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢሙྜࠊⓎ⏕
ᣐⅬࡣྛᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᡭඖ࡜᝿ᐃࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ㔞࠿ࡽぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿ⤯ᑐⓗ㈝⏝ࡀࡑࢀ࡯࡝኱ࡁ
ࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࠊ཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢẁ㝵
࡛ࡣ᥇⟬ࡀ┠ㄽࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ0ḟ≀ὶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕᾘ㈝⪅࠿ࡽ࠸࠿࡟ຠ⋡ࡼࡃᅇ཰࡛ࡁ
ࡿ࠿ࠖࡀࠊໟᣓⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞㘽ࢆᥱࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
◚○࣭ศ㞳㑅ูḟ≀ὶࡢຠ⋡໬㸸୰㛫ฎ⌮࡟࠾ࡅࡿศ㞳࣭㑅ูᢏ⾡ࡢ㧗ຠ⋡໬ࡀồ
ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᑠ኎ᗑ➼࡛ࡢᅇ཰࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࣟࢪࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࢫࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ
ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢ1ḟ≀ὶࡲ࡛࢝ࣂ࣮ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
⣲ᮦᅇ཰ ḟ≀ὶࡢຠ⋡໬㸸᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࡢ⣲ᮦᅇ཰(〇㘐)ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊṌ␃ࡲ
ࡾࢆྥୖࡉࡏࠊᅇ཰ྍ⬟㖔✀ࡢᣑ኱ࢆᅗࡿ➼ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ㧗ᛶ⬟໬ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞
ࡿࠋ
ࠉ௚᪉ࠊࠊ࡟࠶ࡓࡿࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡢ୰࣭ᚋ༙㒊ศ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ཰ᩡࡉࡏࡿ࡜ࠊ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ
᭷⏝ࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ᢳฟࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊከᵝ࡛㧗ᗘ࡞◊✲ᡂᯝࡀඛ⾜
ⓗ࡟ከᩘබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࠊᐇ⏝໬ẁ㝵࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞
ࡀࡽࠊἲไᗘ࡟㐃ືࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ≀ὶࡼࡾ๓ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡢᅇ཰࣭
཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙࡢຠ⋡໬ࡀ᭱ඃඛࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚❧ドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ(ᮧୖ㸪2012)ࠊ≀
ὶୖ࡟㍕ࡏࡓ௨㝆ࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢㄢ㢟ࡶྵࡵ࡚ゎᾘࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព㆑
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
157
ࡋࡓໟᣓⓗ࡞どᗙ࠿ࡽࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢᕤኵࡀ┠ᣦࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠉࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᅇ཰࣭ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡ࣭ࣝࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠿ࡽᕼᑡ㔠ᒓഛ⵳࡬ࡢ࣮ࣝࢺࢆ⟬ฟ
࡛ࡁࡿⅬࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ◚○࣭ศ㞳㑅ูࠖ୪ࡧ࡟ࠕ⣲ᮦᅇ཰ࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡶࠊࡑࡢ๓ẁ㝵ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚ࠊᅇ཰⋡ࡢྥୖ࡟┤⤖࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞タィࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟㐃
⥆ⓗ࡟ഛ⵳㔞ቑ኱࡬࡜⧅ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࠊ୍㈏ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏࡟ᣮᡓࡋ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆල⌧໬࡛ࡁࡿໟᣓⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛤Ⓨࡢ≉ᚩࡇࡑࡀࠊ
ᚑ᮶◊✲࡜ᕪู໬࡛ࡁࡿഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᙉㄪ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ➇ྜࡍࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࡢᢳฟᢏ
⾡࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⌮ㄽᵓ⠏࣭ᢏ⾡ࡢ⊂๰ᛶ୪ࡧ࡟పࢥࢫࢺฎ⌮ࡢᐇ㉁㠃࡛຾㈇ࡋࠊ≉
࡟ᮏ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡣࠊ㔠ࡢᅇ཰࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ◚○ࡢẁ㝵࡛90㸣௨ୖࡢ⃰㞟ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡾࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ
࡟ࡣᢳฟᚋࡢ〇ရ໬࡟ࡲ࡛⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿ࢖ࣥࣂ࣮ࢫ࣭࣐ࢽࣗࣇ࢓ࢡࢳࣕࣜࣥࢢ2)ࢆᵓ᝿ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠉᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୍㐃ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ(ጜᓮ㸪2009㸹ጜᓮ㸤୕ዲ㸪2011㸤2012㸹୕ዲ㸪
2011㸹୕ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)୪ࡧ࡟ᅜ⟇࡟࿧ᛂࡋࡓホ౯(୕ዲࡽ㸪2011ab)ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᮏᢏ
⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ╔᝿ࡢዎᶵ࠿ࡽᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢヨ⾜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ᭱᪂ࡢ㐍ᤖ≧ἣࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊࣜࢧ
࢖ࢡࣝ࡟క࠺ୖ㏙ࡢㄢ㢟ࡢඞ᭹ࢆ┠ㄽࡴ㛤Ⓨࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡘࡘ⥲ㄝࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋල
యⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ᭱ึ࡟ࠊṔྐᏛ࣭⢭㘐ᕤᏛ࣭ே㛫⎔ቃᏛࢆᇶ㍈࡜ࡋࡓᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ⏕
ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓ⊂๰ⓗ࡞㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏⌮ㄽࡢⓎぢ࡜ࡑࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ⤒⦋ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍ
ࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋ࡚ᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗඃ఩ᛶ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࠊᅇ཰⋡ྥୖ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࠕ୍ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࠖ୪ࡧ࡟≉ᐃ㔠ᒓࡢ⃰㞟ศ㞳ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ
ࠕ஧ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࠖࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢ≉ᚩࢆゝཬࡋࡘࡘࠊᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓ⌮ㄽ࡜ࡇࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࢆ㐃
ືࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ᪂ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢඃ఩ᛶࢆලయ໬ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟௒ᚋࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡟
ྥࡅ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓᐃᖖᅇ཰ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢヨ⾜ᐇ㦂ࡢᡂᯝ(኱Ꮫᵓෆ࡛ࡢᦠᖏ㟁ヰᅇ
཰࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢᐇ᪋㸧ࡶⱝᖸ⤂௓ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪂ไᗘ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓࠊ㊊ඖ࠿ࡽᚠ⎔ࡢ㍯ࢆ
సࡾฟࡍᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞♫఍࡟ྥࡅࡓໟᣓⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸰㸬⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࠿ࡽぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟᇶ♏⌮ㄽ࡜ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ
ࠉࡇࡇ࡛㏙࡭ࡿࡢࡣࠊࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୺࡜ࡋ࡚᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࡢ⣲ᮦᅇ཰(〇㘐)ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟
㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽᵓ⠏࣭ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㐃ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢ╔᝿Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ᭱
ึ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓከᩘࡀ➇ྜࡍࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࡢᢳฟᢏ⾡࡟ᑐࡋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡀ
⊂๰ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊṔྐᏛ࣭〇㘐ᕤᏛ࣭ே㛫⎔ቃㄽࢆᇶ㍈࡜ࡋࡓᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲
࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾ(ᙜ᫬ࡢ〇㘐ᢏ⾡࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᥥ෗ࡉࢀࡓྂᩥ᭩ࢆྵࡴࢫ࣌
࢖ࣥㄒ࡛グ㏙ࡉࢀࡓṔྐⓗ㈨ᩱࢆㄞࡳゎࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⌧௦⛉ᏛࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ෌ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ)ࠊࡲࡓ
పࢥࢫࢺฎ⌮ࡸᑐ㇟ࡢỗ⏝ᛶ➼ࡢᐇ㉁㠃ࡶවࡡഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟≉ฟࡍ࡭ࡁ஦᯶࡜ࡋ
࡚ࠊ㐣ཤࢆ⏕ࡁࡿேࠎࡢ⏕ᴗࡢ୰࠿ࡽᇵࢃࢀࡓᢏ⾡ࡼࡾᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ㛤Ⓨ࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡀࠊ⤖ᯝ
158
ⓗ࡟⌧ᐇ♫఍ࡢ୰࡛☜ᐇ࡟㐠⏝ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃᐇ㊶㠃࡛ࡢඃ఩࡞ᒎ㛤(ከᵝᛶࢆᣢࡘ♫఍࡟ཷࡅ
ධࢀࡽࢀࠊ࠿ࡘᾐ㏱ࡋࡸࡍ࠸)࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ(ヲ⣽ࡣᚋ⾡)ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᢏ
⾡ࢆᐇ㝿࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡣே㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㏫࡟ࡑࡢႠࡳ࠿ࡽ㛤Ⓨࡢ㘽ࢆᚓࡿ࡜࠸࠺ጼໃ
ࡣࠊᇶ♏◊✲ࡢ㧗ᗘ໬࡬ࡢὀどࡔࡅ࡛ࡣぢⴠ࡜ࡋࡀࡕ࡞ࠊ♫఍࡟ᰂ㌾࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᢏ⾡
㛤Ⓨࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠉࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊᢏ⾡㛤ⓎࡢⓎ➃ࡣࠊ࢖ࢫࣃࣀ࢔࣓᳜ࣜ࢝Ẹᆅ᫬௦࡟ࡲ࡛࡟ࡉ࠿ࡢࡰࡿࠋ࣌
࣮ࣝ➨5௦๪⋤࡜ࡋ࡚௵࿨ࡉࢀࡓࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࢥ࣭ࢹ࣭ࢺࣞࢻࡣࠊᙜ᫬ప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮࣌ࣝ
㖟㖔ᒣࢆ᣺⯆ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ1572ᖺ࡟Ỉ㖟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㔠ᒓ〇㘐3)(Ỉ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲ4))ࢆᑟධ
ࡋࡓ(㟷ᮌ㸪2000)ࠋࡇࡢᡭἲࡣࠊపရ఩ࡢ㖟㖔▼࠿ࡽ㧗⣧ᗘࡢ㖟ࡢ〇㘐ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࠊ16
ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࠿ࡽࡢ㖟⏕⏘ࡢᛴᡂ㛗(ࢺࣞࢻຠᯝ)ࢆᑟࡁࠊ19ୡ⣖ᮎ࡟㖟㖔⬦ࡀ⾶࠼ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᩘ
ⓒᖺ࡟ࡶࢃࡓࡾࠊᗈࡃỗ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᙜ᫬ࡢྂ඾ⓗ࡞〇㘐ᢏ⾡࡟⛎
ࡵࡽࢀࡓඛேࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࢆయ⣔ⓗ࡟⌮ㄽ໬ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ࠿ࡽ㈗㔠ᒓ
ࢆᅇ཰ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚෌ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⏬ᮇⓗ࡞╔᝿ࡢዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡗ
ࡓṔྐⓗ஦㇟ࡢホ౯࡜ศᯒ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢヲ⣽ࡣࠊ๓ሗ(ጜᓮ㸪2009㸹ጜᓮ㸤୕ዲ㸪2011㸹୕
ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)࡟ࡺࡎࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟ά⏝ྍ⬟࡞せⅬࢆᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺
࡟ࠊ⡆₩࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸬㛤Ⓨࡢዎᶵ㸸࣮࣌ࣝ๪⋤㡿ࡢ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㖟ࡢ〇㘐ᢏ⾡
1568ᖺ5᭶ࠊ➨5௦࣮࣌ࣝ๪⋤࡟௵࿨ࡉࢀࡓࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ࡜࣭ࢹ࣭ࢺࣞࢻ(ᅾ௵ᮇ㛫㸸1569-1581)
ࡣࠊྜྠ఍㆟(ྠᖺ7᭶)ࡢ≉࿨ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ1569ᖺ࡟࣐ࣜ࡟฿╔ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ≉࿨ࡇࡑࠊᙜ᫬
ప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮࣌ࣝࡢ㖔ᒣᴗ(≉࡟㖟㖔ᒣᴗ)ࢆ᣺⯆ࡋ࡚ࠊ⋤ᐊṓධࡢᨵၿࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡗࡓ(㟷ᮌ㸪2000)ࠋᙼࡣࠊ࣡ࣥ࢝࣋ࣜ࢝Ỉ㖟㖔ᒣ5)࡜࣏ࢺࢩ㖟ᒣ6)ࢆ୍య໬ࡋࠊ㖔ᒣᴗࡢࢩ
ࢫࢸ࣒໬ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆᅗࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᢏ⾡ⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽぢ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟༢⣧࡞௙⤌ࡳ
࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀຌࢆዌࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊỈ㖟࡜㖟ࡢ⏕⏘ᣐⅬࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍࢝
ᡤ࡟཰ᩡࡋࠊ〇㘐ᡭἲࡶ⤫୍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡿ≀㈨ࡢὶࢀ࡟እ஘ࡀධࡾ࡟ࡃ
࠸ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪᩚࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ≀㔞ࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡍࡿᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ほ ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ༢⣧໬ࡉࢀࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠿ࡽࠊࢺࣞࢻࡀ⋤ᐊࡢ㈈ᨻ㞴࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᭱
ၿࡢㅖ⟇ࢆᢞࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ┠ㄽぢࢆࡶఛ࠸▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࠉࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢺࣞࢻࡣࠊ〇㘐ᢏ⾡㸪ປാ౪⤥యไ㸪㈨ᮦ㐠ᦙయไ㸪Ỉ※☜ಖ➼ࡢᚲせ
ᥐ⨨ࢆᙉຊ࡟㐍ࡵࠊἲไ㠃ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊ㖔ᒣᴗࢆయ⣔໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1574ᖺ࠿ࡽ
࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ࡀᮏ᱁໬ࡋ࡚ࠊ1578ᖺ࡟ࡣࢺࣞࢻ㖔ᒣᨻ⟇ࡢᵓ᝿ࡢ㦵᱁ࡀ࡯ࡰ᏶ᡂࡋࠊ
㞳௵᫬ࡢ1581ᖺ࡟ࡣ㖟⏕⏘㔞ࡀࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢప㏞ᮇࡢ7ࠥ8ಸ࡟࠶ࡓࡿᛴቑࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿ(Cole, 1985)ࠋ
ࠉ㖟ࡢỈ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪤࡟1556ᖺ࡟࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣃࢸ࢕࢜(patio)
ἲ࡜࡚Ⓨ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐇ⏝໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓ(Probert, 1997)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢᡭἲࡣࠊ
ᙜ᫬ࡢ࣮࣌ࣝࡢ᮲௳(㖔▼ࡢ᮲௳㸪Ẽ㇟᮲௳㸪≀㈨ㄪ㐩➼)࡟ࡣ㐺ྜࡏࡎࠊ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗ
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
159
ࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ1572ᖺ࡟ࠊࢺࣞࢻࡢ࿨ࢆཷࡅࡓࣇ࢙ࣝࢼࣥࢹࢫ࣭ࢹ࣭࣋ࣛࢫࢥࡀࠊపရ఩
ࡢᒌ㖔▼࠿ࡽࡢ㖟ࡢᢳฟ࡟ᡂຌࡋࠊ࢝࣍ࢿࢫ(cajones)ἲ࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡽࢀࠊ࣏ࢺࢩ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᇶ
ᮏᢏ⾡ࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ(Bargalló, 1995)ࠋ࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲ࡜ࣃࢸ࢕࢜ἲ࡜ࡢ᭱኱ࡢ┦
㐪ࡣࠊ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ᕤ⛬(཯ᛂᵴ㸸࢝࢜ࣥ)ࢆࠕຍ⇕ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡓⅬ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ〇㘐
ຠ⋡ࢆ4ಸ࡟ୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࠊᙜึ100ᖺศ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ࡜ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᒌ
㖔ࡸᆙෆࡢṧ㖔ࡀࠊࢺࣞࢻᅾ௵୰ࡢ1577ᖺ㡭࡟ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ࡯࡝࡛
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠉ࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡢ࠶ࡿྐᩱࡣࠊⓎ⾜ᖺ௦㡰࡟ࠊ࣏࢝ࢳ࢙(1585)(Capoche, 1959)ࠊ
࢔ࢥࢫࢱ(1590)(Acosta, 1894)ࠊࣂࣝࣂ(Barba, 2003)࠾ࡼࡧ࢔ࣝࢧࣥࢫ(1736)(Arzáns, 1965)ࡀ
Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ࣏ࢺࢩࡢ〇㘐ᕤሙࡢ඲యീࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊ࢔ࣝࢧࣥࢫࡢ
⤮ᅗᅗࢆඖ࡟(ᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ࣏࢝ࢳ࢙ࡢグ㏙࡞࡝࠿ࡽ⿵㊊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ)ࠊࡑࡢࣉ
ࣟࢭࢫࢆලయⓗ࡟ศᯒࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ(ጜᓮ&୕ዲ, 2010)ࠋ⥲ᣓⓗ࡞సᴗᕤ⛬ࡣࠊ
ࠕ᥇㖔ࡋࡓ㖔▼
ࡢᦙධࠖ㸪
ࠕ㖔▼ࡢ⢊○ࠖ
㸪
ࠕ཯ᛂᵴ࡛ࡢసᴗ࡜ศᯒࠖ㸪
ࠕỈὙ㑅㖔ࠖ㸪
ࠕྛᕤ⛬࠿ࡽ㐓ᩓࡍࡿỈ㖟
ࡢᅇ཰ࠖࡢ5ࡘ࡟ẁ㝵௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ࢔ࢥࢫࢱࡢグ㏙࡟ࡼࢀࡤ(Acosta, 1894㸧ࠊ⣙50ࡢ〇㘐ᡤ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㖔Ἶ࠿ࡽࡢỈ㖟ᅇ཰ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࠊᖺ㛫2,000࢟ࣥࢱࣝࢆᅇ཰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜
࠸࠺ࠋ
ࠉ୍᪉ࠊࡇࡢỈ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ᕤ⛬࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࠊປാ⪅ࡀỈ㖟࡟᭚㟢ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ
㧗࠸సᴗࡣࠊձΰ⦎సᴗࠊղỈὙศ㞳సᴗࠊ
ճᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࢆຍ⇕ศ㞳ࡋ࡚
Ỉ㖟ࢆᅇ཰ࡍࡿసᴗࡢ3ẁ㝵࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼
ࡿࠋࡲࡎձ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᾏᢤ4,000mࡢ࣏ࢺࢩ
㖔ᒣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿΰ⦎୰ࡢຍ⇕ࡣࠊỈ㖟ࡢ⵨Ⓨ
ࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊỈ㖟ࡢᨺᩓ࡜ࡑࡢసᴗ
୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿỈ㖟᭚㟢ࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿࠋ⥆࠸࡚ղỈὙศ㞳సᴗ࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚኱㔞ࡢ㖔Ἶࡢᙧ࡛ࡢỈ
㖟ࡀὶฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ㖔Ἶ୰࡟㐓ᩓ
ࡋࡓỈ㖟ࡢ࡯ࡰ70ࠥ100㸣ᅇ཰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜
ᅗ㸯ࠉ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ〇㘐ᕤሙࡢᴫほᅗ
ࡉࢀࡿ(Acosta, 1894)ࠋ
ࠉ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊճࡢ⢒࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࡢ⤠ࡾసᴗ࡜⵨␃ศ㞳సᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⵨␃ᚋࡢỈ㖟⵨Ẽࡣࠊ
จ㞟⿦⨨࡛ᅇ཰ࡉࢀࠊ෌฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ10㸣࡯࡝ᅇ཰₃ࢀࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ぢ✚
ࡶࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Probert, 1997)ࠋ
ࠉࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ᕤ⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୺࡟⵨Ⓨࣟࢫ࡜ỈὙ
ࣟࢫࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᩥ⊩࡟ṧࡉࢀࡓ್࠿ࡽぢ✚ࡶࡿ࡜ࠊ኱Ẽ୰࡟10㸣㸪㖔Ἶ
୰࡟30ࠥ50㸣࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࠊྜィ࡛ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ40ࠥ50㸣ࡢỈ㖟ࣟࢫࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜⪃࠼
160
ࡽࢀࡿ(ጜᓮ㸪2009)ࠋ⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶỈ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡀ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢔࣐ࢰࣥࡢᑠつ
ᶍ᥇ྲྀసᴗ୰࡟ࡣࠊῧຍỈ㖟㔞ࡢ40ࠥ50㸣ࡀἙᕝ࡟ὶฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊṧࡾࡣ኱Ẽ୰࡟㐓ᩓ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ཎ⏣ࡽ, 1995)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ࣏ࢺࢩࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡜␗࡞ࡾࠊ㠀ຍ⇕〇㘐
࡛ࠊ࠿ࡘᅇ཰࡜࠸࠺ほᛕࡢ࡞࠸⌧ሙ࡛ࡢᩘ್࡛࠶ࡿⅬ࡟␃ពࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࠉ୍᪉ࠊேయ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࠊΰ⦎సᴗ࡜⵨␃
సᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐃᖖⓗ࡞᭚㟢࡛࠶ࡾࠊ῝้
࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ண ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᪤ᐃࡢᕤ
⛬సᴗ௨እ࡟ࡶࠊປാ⪅ࡀᰂࡽ࠿࠸࣮࣌ࢫ
ࢺ≧ែࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᾮయࡢỈ㖟ࢆཱྀ࡟ྵࢇ࡛
ᣢࡕᖐࡾࠊ㖟ࢆᅇ཰ࡋ࡚ᕷሙ࡛኎㈙ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ㢖⦾࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ
(Percy, 1880)ࠊ࣏ࢺࢩࡢ⏫ࡀỈ㖟୰ẘࡢ⏫
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ☜࠿࡛࠶ࢁ࠺(ཎ⏣ࡽ,
1995)ࠋ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇
㘐ᢏ⾡࡜Ỉ㖟ởᰁ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᶍᘧ໬ࡍࡿ
ᅗ㸰ࠉ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐
ࠉࠉࠉᢏ⾡࡜Ỉ㖟⿕ᐖ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ
࡜ࠊᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡟♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㸬࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ᢏ⾡㐍Ṍࡢኚ㑄࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ㛤Ⓨࡢ㘽
ࠉ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓỈ㖟ࡸ㖟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࡢṔྐⓗኚ㑄ࡣࠊ19ୡ⣖୰㡭࡟ࡑ
ࡢ཯ᛂ㐣⛬ࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂᘧࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ๓ᚋ࡛஧ศࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ໬Ꮫᘧࡀ⏕ࡲ
ࢀࡿ๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊ࣏ࢺࢩ࡛ࡢ〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊከࡃࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢ୰࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡉ࡟༟
㉺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂▱ࡢ㞟✚࡟ࡼࡾ๰㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢศᒱ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࠊᢏ
⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ㔜せ࡞▱ぢࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ
ୡ⣖୰ᗤ௨๓࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒㦂▱࡟⛎ࡵࡽࢀࡓ෌ὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁᢏ⾡
ࠉᮏ◊✲ࡀ╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿỈ㖟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ෬㔠⾡࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ึࡢṔྐ᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣜࢽ࢘
ࢫࡢࠗ⮬↛ㄅ(Naturalis Historia)࠘ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㎮◁ࡢ↎↝࠾ࡼࡧỈ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞࡟ࡼࡿ◁㔠〇
㘐ࡸ㔠࣓ࢵ࢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊỈ㖟ࡢ≀ᛶࡸẘᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕࠊ࣮ࣟ
࣐᫬௦࠿ࡽ᪤࡟ᢎ▱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ(୰㔝ࡽ, 1986)ࠋ
ࠉ୰ୡࡢ㘐㔠⾡ࡣࠊ⛎ᐦཝᏲࡢୡ⏺࡟㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⚗ࢆ◚ࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ
1540ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠗPirotechnia(ࣆࣟࢸࢡࢽ࢔)࠘(Biringuccio㸪1540)(Biringuccio, 2005)࡛
࠶ࡾࠊⴭ⪅ࡢࣅࣜࣥࢢࢵࢳࣙ⮬㌟ࡀ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᢏ⾡ࡢヲ⣽ࢆグࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ෬㔠ࢆໟᣓ
ⓗ࡟⥙⨶ࡍࡿ᭱ึࡢฟ∧᭩⡠࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰࡛ࡶࠊ⮻ᘧࡢ⢊○ᶵࢆ฼⏝
ࡋ࡚࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞໬ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾᅗࠊࡇࡢ᧯స࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㔠ࡣỈ㖟࡜ࡢ࢔࣐ࣝ
࣒࢞཯ᛂࡀᴟࡵ࡚άᛶ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ୰ୡ௨㝆ࡢᐇ⏝໬࡬ࡢཎືຊ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀ
ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㖟ࡢỈ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡀᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࡓ஦ᐇࡣࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟ࡣᏑᅾࡏ
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
161
ࡎࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢ᳜Ẹᆅ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㖟㖔ᒣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊึࡵ࡚ᐇ⏝໬ࡉࢀ
ࡓⅬࡣ≉➹࡟್ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠉ㖟㖔▼ࡢ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ἲࡢ᪉ࡣࠊࢫ࣌࢖᳜ࣥẸᆅࢾ࢚ࣂࢫ࢚ࢫࣃ࣮ࢽࣕ(⌧ᅾࡢ࣓࢟
ࢩࢥ)࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣃࢸ࢕࢜ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ⏝໬ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋ࣮࣌ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢẼೃ➼ࡢ᮲
௳࡟ྜ࠺࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࠊࢺࣞࢻຠᯝࡢᶵືຊ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࠋ
࣮࡛࣌ࣝ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡢ〇㘐㐣⛬ࢆ⌧௦⛉ᏛࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ෌ᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚ᶍᘧ໬ࡋ
ࡓࡶࡢࡀᅗ࡛࠶ࡿ(ጜᓮ&୕ዲ, 2011; ୕ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)ࠋ
ࠉࡲࡓࡇࡢᅗࡼࡾࠊ㖔▼᥇ྲྀ࠿ࡽỈ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞⢭㘐ࡲ࡛ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ4ẁ㝵࡟
ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
i) 㑅㖔ẁ㝵ࡢ⢭㖔໬ᢏ⾡㸸ձ஦๓↎↝ࠊ
ࠉղᚤ⢊໬ᢏ⾡(⢊○࡜཯ᛂࡢྠᮇ໬)ࠊ
ࠉճ㈋㖔ฎ⌮
ii)㧗⢓ᗘ㖔Ἶࡢ‵ᘧ〇㘐ᢏ⾡㸸ձ㧗⢓ᗘὶ
ࠉయࡢᅛᾮ᥋ゐ཯ᛂᶵᵓ(‵ᘧ〇㘐ࡢᇶ♏)ࠊ
ࠉղ᧠ᢾΰྜ᪉ἲ࡜ຠᯝ(཯ᛂሙࡢ㞟୰໬
ࠉ࡜཯ᛂຠ⋡)ࠊճ㈋㖔ฎ⌮
iii)࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞໬ᚋࡢศ㞳⢭〇ᢏ⾡㸸ձᾋ㐟
ᅗ㸱ࠉ୰ୡ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▼⮻⢊○ᶵ
ࠉࠉࠉࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞໬
ࠉ㑅㖔ἲࠊղ㐲ᚰศ㞳ἲ➼
iv)௙ୖࡆ㧗⣧ᗘ໬ᢏ⾡㸸ձ〇㘐ἲࡢ㑅ᢥࠊ
ࠉղࢫ࣏ࣥࢪሢࡢά⏝
ࠉ௨ୖࡢ୰࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ᪂ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢ࠾ࡅ
ࡿ᰾ᚰ㒊ࡣࠊii)ࡢ㧗⢓ᗘ㖔Ἶࡢ‵ᘧ〇㘐7)
ᢏ⾡࡟࠶ࡿࠋྛ✀㔠ᒓ࡜Ỉ㖟࡜ࡢ࢔࣐ࣝ
࣒࢞཯ᛂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ཯ᛂືຊᏛⓗ࡞◊✲ࡣࠊ
⌧≧࡛ࡶ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊᇶᮏ
ⓗ࡞⣔ࡣࠊ㧗⢓ᗘΰྜ≀(㠀ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣥὶ
య)୰࡟ศᩓࡉࢀࡓᾮయỈ㖟⢏࡜㖟㖔▼⢊
య࡜ࡢᅛᾮ᥋ゐ཯ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ
ࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀ‵ᘧ⢭㘐࡟್ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᅗ㸲ࠉ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣࡢ㖟〇㘐ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢᕤ⛬
ࠉࡑࡇ࡛ࠊὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁii) ձ‵ᘧ〇㘐ࡢᇶ♏
ࢆศᯒࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㔜せ࡞஦᯶ࡀ2ⅬᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ1ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ፹⁐๣(࣐ࣄࢫࢺࣛࣝ
magistral; 㕲࡜㖡ࡢ◲㓟ሷ)࡜㣗ሷࡢῧຍࡢព⩏࡛࠶ࡾࠊ␗✀ࡢゐ፹స⏝࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓ2ࡘ┠ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿຍ⇕ࡢຠᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢࣃࢸ
࢕࢜ἲ࡛ࡣࠊ཯ᛂ᏶஢ࡲ࡛࡟20ࠥ27᪥࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊ࣮࣌ࣝࡢ࢝࣍ࢿࢫἲࢆ⏝࠸
ࡿ࡜ࠊ㏿ᗘຠ⋡ࡀ4ಸ࡟ୖࡀࡾࠊ5ࠥ7᪥࡟▷⦰ࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊii) ղ᧠ᢾΰྜ࡟㛵ࡋ
162
࡚ࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࡛ࡣࢺࣝࢱ≧(㖟㖔▼ࡢ⢓ᛶᅵተ)ࡢ㖔▼ࢆ㤿࡞࡝ࡢ␆ຊ࡛᧠ᢾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
࣮࡛࣌ࣝࡣࠊඛఫẸࡀ㊊㋃ࡳΰ⦎(repaso)ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㧗⢓ᗘࡢ㖔Ἶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
᧠ᢾࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞స⏝ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡢࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㧗⢓ᛶὶయࡢື
ຊᏛⓗ⪃ᐹࡣࠊᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢୖ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࡢᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲ࡢ⵳✚ࡀᚅࡓ
ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ii) ճ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ୡ௨㝆ࠊ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡀ㈋㖔ฎ⌮࡟᭷฼࡜ࡉࢀࠊᛴ㏿࡟
ᑟධࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᗫ㖔ཬࡧᑿ㖔࡟◲㯤ࡸ㖄ࡢྵ㔞ࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ◲㯤࡟ࡼࡿ⏺㠃཯ᛂᢚไస⏝ࢆపୗࡉࡏࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊi)࠿ࡽiv)ࡢ඲
࡚ࡢᕤ⛬࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㖔▼⢊○࡜Ỉ㖟࡜ࡢ཯ᛂࢆྠᮇ໬ࡍࡿᡭἲࡣࠊᅗ㸱ࡸᚋ
⾡ࡍࡿ‘Pan Amalgamation(㘠ΰ⃒ἲ)’࡜ྠᵝ࡞ព⩏ࢆ࡞ࡋࠊ᪂㛤Ⓨᢏ⾡ࡢ᰿ᖿ࡟㛵ࢃࡿഃ
㠃࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆグࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
㸰㸧ୡ⣖ᚋ༙௨㝆ࡢ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍ
19ୡ⣖ᚋ༙௨㝆࡟ࠊ໬Ꮫグྕࢆ⏝࠸࡚࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ἲࡀᥥ෗ࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ
ࡑࡢྂ඾ⓗ࡞グ㏙࡜ࡋ࡚ࠗ㔠࡜㖟ࡢ෬㔠Ꮫ࠘(Percy, 1880)ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᙜ᫬ࡣ⇕ຊᏛ
ࡢ⌮ㄽࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ᭩࡟ࡣࠊ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡀඖ⣲ࡢ⨨᥮཯ᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲グࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ㖔▼ࡢศ㢮㸪ඖ⣲ࡢ✀㢮㸪〇㘐᧯స࡞࡝ᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟Ώࡗ࡚⥙⨶ࡉࢀࡓ♧၀
῝࠸◊✲᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠗ㖟ࡢᢳฟ࠘(1895)(Rhead, 1895)ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ㖟ࡢ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞཯
ᛂ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞໬Ꮫ཯ᛂᘧࡢグ㏙ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ
i) ፹⁐๣(magistral㸹㖡࡜㕲ࡢ◲㓟ሷ)࡜㣗ሷ(NaCl)ࡢ཯ᛂ
CuSO΅+2NaCl=CuCl΃+Na΃SO΅
ii) ሷ໬➨஧㖡(CuCl΃㸧ࡸሷ໬➨୍㖡(Cu΃Cl΃)ࡀ⮬↛㖟(Ag)ࡸ◲໬㖟(Ag΃S )ࢆሷ໬㖟(AgCl)
ࠉ࡟ࡋ࡚ᯒฟศ㞳ࡍࡿ཯ᛂ
2CuCl΃+2Ag=2AgCl+Cu΃Cl΃
Cu΃Cl΃+Ag΃S=2AgCl+Cu΃S
2CuCl΃+Ag΃S=2AgCl+Cu΃Cl΃+S
iii) ᯒฟࡋࡓሷ໬㖟(AgCl)ࡀỈ㖟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㑏ඖࡉࢀ㔠ᒓ㖟ࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ཯ᛂ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡀ㐣๫
ࠉࡢỈ㖟Į8)୰࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞࡜࡞ࡿ཯ᛂ
2AgCl+2Hg=2Ag+Hg΃Cl΃
P$JQĮ+J $JP+JQLQ$PDOJDP
ࠉୖグ࠿ࡽࡶࠊከ✀ከᵝ࡞㖟㖔▼࠿ࡽሷ໬㖟ࢆᯒฟࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ፹⁐๣ࡢᕤኵࡀᚲせ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜᥎ᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫᨵၿࡢ㠃࡛ࠊὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁᡭἲࡣࠊ‘Pan Amalgamation
(㘠ΰ⃒ἲ)’࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊࣅࣜࣥࢢࢵࢳࣙࡢᡭἲᅗࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ࡟࠶ࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࠉ୍᪉ࠊ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐ἲࡣࠊ1886ᖺ࡟࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟷໬ἲࡢᕤᴗ໬ࡢᡂຌ௨㝆࡟ࠊ
➨୍⥺࠿ࡽ㏥࠸࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ1930ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛㟷໬ἲ࡜ࡢే⏝࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛౑ࢃࢀ࡚
࠸ࡓ(బΏᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ୡ⏺㑇⏘࣭ᩥ໬᣺⯆఍, 2008㸹ᒣᮏ㸪1938)ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ㘠ΰ⃒
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
163
ἲࡑࡢࡶࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㟷໬ἲ࡜ࡢే⏝ࡢᙧ࡛ࠊᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᫂἞௨㝆ࡢబΏ㔠ᒣ
࡟⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓⅬࡣࠊὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁ஦㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸬ᕼᑡ࣭᭷⏝㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢᇶ♏⌮ㄽࡢᵓ⠏
ࠉᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢࡇࡢ࣏ࢺࢩ㖟ᒣ࡛㛤Ⓨ࣭Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓྂ඾ⓗ࡞〇㘐ᢏ⾡࡟෌ᗘ╔
┠ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ࠿ࡽ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ➼ࡢࠕ⌧௦♫఍ࠖ࡟ᛂ⏝㑏ඖྍ⬟
࡞෌㈨※໬ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏⌮ㄽࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᑟࡁฟࡉ
ࢀࡓ㔜せ࡞஦᯶ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ4Ⅼ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡿ(ጜᓮ&୕ዲ, 2011; ୕ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)ࠋ
i) 㧗 ↻Ἓ཯ᛂ(〇㘐㒊ࡢ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞཯ᛂᵴࢆຍ⇕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊฎ⌮ຠ⋡ࢆ4ಸྥୖ
ࠉࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ஦ᐇࢆ᳨ウ)
ii)㧗ᅽ཯ᛂ(ᾏᢤ4,000mࡢ࢔ࣥࢹࢫ㧗ᆅ࡛ࡢ〇㘐⎔ቃ࡛ࡣࠊỈ㖟⵨Ẽࡀ཯ᛂሙࢆቑຍࡍࡿࠋ
ࠉ㏫࡟ຍᅽࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᾐ㏱࡟ࡼࡿྠᵝ࡞཯ᛂሙࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜᝿ᐃ)
iii)⢊○࡜࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞཯ᛂࡢྠᮇ໬(⢊○ᶵࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⢊○࡜Ỉ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞཯ᛂࢆྠ᫬࡟ฎ
ࠉ⌮ࡍࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊ⾪ᧁࡸᦶ᧿➼ࡢᶵᲔⓗ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᑐ㇟≀㉁ࡀάᛶ໬
ࠉࡉࢀ࡚໬Ꮫ཯ᛂࡀಁ㐍ࡍࡿཎ⌮㹙࣓࢝ࣀࢣ࣑ࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ㹛ࢆ㐺⏝)
iv)࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ᚋࡢศ㞳⢭〇ᢏ⾡(ᙜ᫬ࡢᢏ⾡࡛ࡣࠊỈ㖟ࡢ኱Ẽ୰࠾ࡼࡧỈ୰࡬ࡢὶฟࡀ᥎
ࠉ⟬ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ⌧௦⛉Ꮫࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᨵⰋࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ100㸣ᅇ཰ࡀྍ⬟㸧
ࠉࡇࢀࡽࡢ▱ぢࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊ⌧௦⛉Ꮫࡢ▱ぢ࡟ࡼࡿᗄࡘ࠿ࡢᨵⰋࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㈗
㔠ᒓᅇ཰ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚෌タィࡋࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࢆᐃᛶ࣭ᐃ㔞ศᯒ⿦⨨࡟ࡼ
ࡿᐇ㦂ⓗ᳨ドࢆヨࡳࡓ(ጜᓮ&୕ዲ, 2011; ୕ዲ㸤ጜᓮ㸪2011)ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ➼ࡢヨ
ᩱ୰ࡢ㖟ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ㈗㔠ᒓࡀࠊỈ㖟࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞࡜ࡋ࡚࡯ࡰ100㸣ᅇ཰ฟ᮶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜
ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ༑ศ࡟ド࡛᫂ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࡢᗈࡀࡾ࡜
ࡋ࡚ࠊ㈨※໬ᑐ㇟࡟ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ㟁ᏊᗫᲠ≀࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊᗫᲠ≀ࡢ↝༷⅊⁦ࡸởᰁ
ᅵተ㸪୙㗵㗰㖔⁦୪ࡧ࡟ᾮయ㈨※ࡢ㓟Ὑᗫᾮ㸪࣓ࢵ࢟ᗫᾮ㸪ฎศሙᗫᾮ࡞࡝ࡶど㔝࡟ධ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿỗ⏝ᛶࡶࠊᕪู໬࡛ࡁࡿᙉࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸱㸬ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡟ྥࡅࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᚩ࡜௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ
ࠉᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢᕼᑡ࣭᭷⏝㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢᇶ♏⌮ㄽࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢩࢫ
ࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࢀ࡟ᑟධࡍ࡭ࡃ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ୍ḟ࣭஧ḟ◚○ᶵࡣࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࣜࢧ࢖
ࢡࣝࡢ᭱኱ࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅇ཰⋡ྥୖࡸ⣲ᮦᅇ཰ࡢຠ⋡໬࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟タィࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊྛ◚○ᶵࡢ≉ᚩࢆලయⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ⏝࠸
࡚⪃᱌ࡋࡓ᪂ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢඃ఩ᛶࢆ௚ࡢඛ⾜஦౛࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽලయ໬ࡋࠊࡉ
164
ࡽ࡟ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆヨࡳࡓᡂᯝ(኱Ꮫᵓෆ࡛ࡢᦠᖏ㟁ヰᅇ཰࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢᐇ᪋)ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡘ
ࡘࠊ௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶⱝᖸ㏙࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸬㢳ᐈ᥋㏆ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵࠊᅇ཰⋡ྥୖ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ୍ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
ࠉࠕࡣࡌࡵ࡟࡛ࠖ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣࠊ≉࡟ᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢሙྜࠊᅇ཰࣭཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙࡢ
ຠ⋡໬ࡀ᭱ඃඛࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚❧ドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᅇ཰⋡࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭
⏘ᴗ┬࣭⎔ቃ┬ࡢ㐃ᦠ஦ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ2008ᖺᗘࡼࡾࠗ౑⏝῭ᑠᆺᐙ㟁࠿ࡽࡢࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࡢ
ᅇ཰ཬࡧ㐺ṇฎ⌮᥎㐍஦ᴗ࠘ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࠊ2010ᖺ8᭶࡟බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ୰㛫ሗ࿌ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ
ㄢ㢟ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(⎔ቃ┬࣭⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬,
2010)ࠋࡲࡓࠊ(♫)㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ஦ᴗ⪅༠఍ࡣࠊ
2001ᖺࡼࡾࣔࣂ࢖࣭ࣝࣜࢧ࢖ࢡ࣭ࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ(MRN)ࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ㛵㐃஦ᴗ
⪅ࡢඹྠ࡟ࡼࡿᅇ཰⋡ࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆඖ࡟ࠊᅇ
཰⋡ྥୖ࡟ྥࡅࡓㄢ㢟ࡀලయⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ஦ᴗ⪅༠఍, 2010)ࠋࡇࢀ
ࡽࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㏥ⶶ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ౑⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆᅇ཰ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚᶵჾࡢ
㧗ᶵ⬟໬ࡢせᅉࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࡶྵࡵ࡚㢳ᐈ࡬ࡢ᥋㏆ᗘ(㊊ඖ࣭┠๓㸪Ᏻᚰ࣭Ᏻ
඲㸪ᥦ౪ᑐ౯➼)ࡢዴఱ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡣಶࠎே࡬ࡢศᩓᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵ
࡟ࠊ᥋㏆ᗘࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡢᕤኵࡀ┈ࠎ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࠉࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᕷ㈍ࡢ◚○⿦⨨((ᰴ)᫭❧ᕤᴗ〇㸪MS-Z5)࡟╔┠ࡋࠊᇶ♏ᐇ㦂ࢆ㔜
ࡡࡘࡘࠊ㑅ᢥⓗ࡞ᨵⰋࢆຍ࠼ࡓࠋMS-Z5ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᕷ㈍ࡢᶵ✀࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ “crush and cut”࡜
࠸࠺◚○᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᶵᐦ᝟ሗ፹య⢊○ᶵ(࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࢡࣛࢵࢩ࣮ࣕ)࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪤࡟㟁
Ꮚᶵჾࠊᑠᐙ㟁࣓࣮࣮࢝➼ࡢ㟁Ꮚᢏ⾡ࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࡢ㞟✚య〇㐀⌧ሙࡸࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛ࡢᕤ
⛬ᒌฎ⌮࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢMS-Z5࡟㔠ᒓ⃰⦰ᶵ⬟ࢆ௜୚ࡋࡓ୍ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࢆࠊ
ୖ㏙ࡋࡓᕼᑡ࣭᭷⏝㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᭱ึࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡟ᑟධࡉࡏࡓࠋࡇࡢ୍ḟ◚
○⿦⨨ࡢ≉ᚩࢆලయ໬ࡍࡿ࡜௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㢳ᐈ᥋㏆ᗘ㊊ඖ㸪┠๓㸪Ᏻ඲࣭Ᏻᚰࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᇶᮏ⿦⨨㸸౑⏝㟁ᅽࡣ100V༢┦࡛ࠊ
ࠉ୍⯡ᐙ㟁࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ┠ࡢ๓࡟࠾࠸࡚ྍどᐜჾෆ࡛▐᫬࡟◚○ࢆ᏶
ࠉ஢ࡋࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ࡢᙉ໬ࢆᅗࡗࡓ௙ᵝ࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡣࠊࡑࡢᅇ཰⋡ࡢྥୖ࡟኱ࡁࡃᐤ୚
ࠉࡍࡿ࡜┠ㄽࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㔠ᒓ⃰⦰ᶵ⬟ࡢ௜୚࡟ྥࡅࡓᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ㸸◚○㒊ศࡢゅᗘࡢኚ໬࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊ
ࠉ㐃⥆ฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢭࢫ໬࡟ྥࡅࡓ᭱㐺ゅᗘࡢ㑅ᢥࢆぢฟࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟◚○ᶵࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࠊ㍍㔞
ࠉ≀(୺࡟㠀㔠ᒓ≀㉁)࡜㔜㔞≀(୺࡟㔠ᒓ≀㉁)࡜ࡢศ㞳ᛶࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᅇ㌿㏿
ࠉᗘ㸪◚○ရࡢ≀⌮ศ⣭➼ࡢᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ◚○⢏ᚄ(ࣟࢫࢺࣝᚄࢆ10mm࡟Ỵᐃ)࡜ศ㞳
ࠉᡭẁࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ☜❧ࡋࡓ㹙㛤Ⓨࡢᇶ♏ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡢヲ⣽ࡣ๓ሗ(ጜᓮ㸤୕
ࠉዲ㸪2012)ࢆཧ↷㹛ࠋ
ࠉࡇࡢ୍ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࡣࠊ཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙࡢ௦᭰࡜࡞ࡿ⮬἞యᅇ཰ࡸᗑ㢌ᅇ཰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ
165
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
ࡲࡲᅇ཰࣎ࢵࢡࢫ➼࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ඛ㏦ࡾࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ
᭱኱ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿᐃᖖᅇ཰ࡢຠ⋡໬࡟኱ࡁࡃᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊಶேࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕
࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⎔ቃព㆑ࢆᚋᢲࡋࡋࠊໟᣓⓗぢᆅ࠿ࡽࡶ♫఍ⓗព⩏ࡣᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ᮇᚅ
ࡉࢀࡿ(୍㐃ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢホ౯ࡣᚋ⾡)ࠋ
㸬≉ᐃ㔠ᒓࡢ⃰㞟ศ㞳ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ஧ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
ࠉୖ㏙ࡢࠕ୍ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࠖ࡟㐃ືࡍࡿ஧ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࡣࠊᕷ㈍ࡢ㧗㏿ᅇ㌿࣑ࣝ((ᰴ)୕ᅽ࢖
ࣥࢲࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ〇㸪SC-01)࡟ᨵⰋࢆຍ࠼࡚㍈ᅇ㌿ᩘྍኚᆺ(0ࠥ25000rpm)࡜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ(ᨵ
Ⰻᶵ㸸SC-01S)ࠋࡇࡢ⿦⨨ࡣࠊ≉ᐃ㔠ᒓࡢ⃰㞟ศ㞳ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊࡑࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
120
୍ḟ◚○⿦⨨࡟ࡼࡾ10mm௨ୗ࡟◚○ࡉࢀࡓ
100
◚○∦50~200grࢆࠊ஧ḟ◚○⿦⨨࡟ᢞධࡋࠊ
ᅇ㌿㏿ᗘ25000rpmୗ࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡟5~60⛊◚○ࡋ
ࡓᚋࠊ⢊○∦ࢆJISつ᱁࡟ࡼࡿ⠠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⢏
ᗘศᕸࢆ⾜࠸ࠊྛ⢏ᗘࡢ㔠ᒓᡂศ(Cu, Au, Ag)
㔠䛾⃰㞟⋡䠄%䠅
ࠉࡲࡎ㔠ᒓࡢ⃰㞟⌧㇟ࡢ☜ㄆᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ࢆICPศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࠊྠᐃࡋࡓࠋ
ࠉḟ࡟ࠊᅇ㌿㏿ᗘࢆ25000rpm࡟ᅛᐃࡋࠊ㔠
80
0
5
15
30
60
60
40
20
0
0.1
1
⢏ᗘ䠄䟚䠅 10
ᅗ㸳ࠉ㔠ࡢ⃰㞟࡜◚○᫬㛫࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
࡜㖟ࡢ⃰㞟⌧㇟࡜◚○᫬㛫(0ࠥ240s)࡜ࡢ㛵
ಀᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓᅗ㸳㸪ᅗ㸴ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ
୧㔠ᒓ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ5⛊௨ୖࡢ◚○࡛ࠊ2mm௨ୗ9)
࡟ࠊ95㸣௨ୖ⃰㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊᅇ
㌿㏿ᗘࢆ10250rpm, 19500rpm࡟ኚ໬ࡉࡏࡓሙ
120
ྜࡶࠊྠᵝ࡞ഴྥࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ
௨ୖࡢ⢒∦ഃ࡟኱㒊ศࡀ㞟✚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂
ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓᅗࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㈗㔠ᒓ3
ඖ⣲ࢆ㧗཰⋡࡛ᅇ཰ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ2mm๓
100
㖟䛾⃰㞟⋡䠄%䠅
ⓑ㔠ࡢሙྜࡣࠊ㔠ࡸ㖟ࡢሙྜ࡜␗࡞ࡾࠊ2mm
ᚋࢆศᒱⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚⣽∦ഃ࡜⢒∦ഃࢆศࡅ࡚
⤖ᯝࡢヲ⣽ࡣ᪤ሗ(ጜᓮࡽ㸪2012)ࢆཧ↷㹛ࠋ
ࠉࡇࡢ஧ḟ◚○⿦⨨ࡢ≉ᚩࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜௨
ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
60
0
5
15
30
60
40
20
᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㐺ษ࡞᮲௳
ࢆ☜ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㹙ᇶ♏ᐇ㦂
80
0
0.1
1
⢏ᗘ䠄䟚䠅 10
ᅗ㸴ࠉ㖟ࡢ⃰㞟࡜◚○᫬㛫࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
166
000Z00
ࠉ∦2mmࢆศ⣭Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⣽∦ഃ࡟㔠࡜㖟ࠊ
400L30 100
80
400L24
60
0
400M3 40
ࠉ⢒∦ഃ࡟ⓑ㔠ࢆࠊ90㸣௨ୖ⃰㞟࡛ࡁࡿࡇ
ࠉ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㔠࣭㖟୪ࡧ࡟ⓑ㔠
ࠉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊୖグࡢ᮲௳ࢆྠ᫬࡟㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ
ࠉࡿ⢊○᮲௳ࡣࠊ2mmศ⣭Ⅼ࡛ࠊ0.5mm௨
ࠉୗࡢ㔜㔞ẚࡀ17㸣࡜ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓ10)ࠋ
㈗㔠ᒓ௨እࡢㅖඖ⣲㸸ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢඖ⣲ࡢ
ࠉ◚○ᣲືࡣࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡜ࡑࡢ
ࠉ㔠ᒓࡢᏑᅾᙧែ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㈗㔠ᒓ
ࠉ⃰㞟࣭ศ⣭ᚋࠊᢳฟ࣭〇㘐ࡍࡿᕤ⛬࡟ᕪ
ⓑ㔠䛾⃰㞟⋡䠄䠂䠅
㈗㔠ᒓඖ⣲ࡢ㸣௨ୖࡢ⃰㞟⋡㸸◚○
0
120
20
0
0.1
1
⢏ᗘ䠄䟚䠅 10
ᅗ㸵ࠉⓑ㔠࡜⃰ᗘศᕸ࡜◚○᫬㛫ࡢ
㛵ಀ㸦J㸧
ࠉࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࠉ௨ୖࡢᇶ♏ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆໟᣓࡋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ㐃⥆஧ẁᘧ◚○࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㔠࣭㖟࣭ⓑ㔠ࡢᅇ཰
࡟㛵ࡋ࡚90㸣௨ୖࡢ⃰㞟ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣᢳฟᚋࡢ〇ရ໬࡟ࡲ࡛⤖ࡧࡘࡅ
ࡿ࢖ࣥࣂ࣮ࢫ࣭࣐ࢽࣗࣇ࢓ࢡࢳࣕࣜࣥࢢࢆᵓ᝿ࡋࠊ┠ୗࠊ௻ᴗ༠ຊࡢ஺΅ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸬ᅇ཰⋡ྥୖ࡜㈗㔠ᒓ⃰㞟ࢆᅗࡿ஧ẁᘧ◚○ᶵ୪ࡧ࡟⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᢳฟᢏ⾡ࡢඃ఩ᛶ
ࠉ⎔ቃ┬࡜⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ࡣࠊᖹᡂ20ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࠊ㐺ṇ࠿ࡘຠᯝⓗ࡞ࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࡢࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ
ᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡭ࡃࠊ඲ᅜ3ᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࣔࢹࣝ஦ᴗࠖࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ
ࡉࡽ࡟21ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣ4ᆅᇦࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟㏣ຍࡋ࡚ࠊ౑⏝῭ᑠᆺᐙ㟁࠿ࡽࡢࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࡢᅇ཰ཬࡧ
㐺ṇฎ⌮࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ(⎔ቃ┬࣭⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬㸪2010)ࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊᅇ཰࡟㛵ࡋ
࡚ࡣࠊ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᅇ཰ࠊࡉࡽ࡟୍ᡭ㛫ຍ࠼ࡓ࢖࣋ࣥࢺᅇ཰ࡸᑐ㠃ᘧ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᅇ཰➼ࡀᐇ᪋
ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐺ᐅ㡰ㄪ࡞ᡂᯝࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᅇ཰ࡢሙྜࠊ
࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶཷືⓗ࡞㞟Ⲵ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࿘▱࣭ᐉఏࡢ᪉ἲ࡟඘ศ࡞ᡂᯝࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀ࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤࠊᐃᖖⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢᐃ╔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࠿࡞ࡾᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ␗≀ΰධࡢၥ㢟➼ࡶᣦ
᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅇ཰࣎ࢵࢡࢫࢆࠊᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◚○ᶵ࡟⨨᥮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡾࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ࢕ಖㆤ㸪࢖࣋ࣥࢺᛶྥୖ㸪⎔ቃព㆑ࡢ่⃭➼ࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿഃ㠃࠿ࡽࡢ
┦஌ຠᯝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊࡼࡾ㧗࠸཰┈ࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࠉࡲࡓࠊࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࣔࢹࣝ஦ᴗࡢ඲యീ(ᅗ8)࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᾘ㈝⪅࠿ࡽ
ࠕᅇ཰ࠖࠕ཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙࠖࠕゎయ࣭㑅ูࠖࠕ〇㘐ࠖࡲ࡛ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀูࠎࡢ⤌⧊࡟
ࡼࡾసᴗࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≉࡟୰㛫ฎ⌮ࡀࠕᡭసᴗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࣜࢫࢡ࡜ࠊ〇㘐సᴗࡣᑓ㛛ᴗ⪅
(኱௻ᴗ)࡟ጤクࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊᾘ㈝⪅࠿ࡽࡣࠊ౑⏝῭ᑠ
ᆺᐙ㟁᤼ฟᚋࡢ㈗㔠ᒓᅇ཰ࡲ࡛ࡢ㐣⛬ࡀぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᅇ཰ព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿຠᯝࡣᮇᚅ
࡛ࡁࡎࠊࣔࢹࣝ஦ᴗ࠿ࡽࠊᐃᖖᅇ཰ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬࡜ᐃ╔ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡲ࡛࡟ࡣࠊᗄࡘ࠿ࡢㄢ㢟
ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ〇㘐సᴗࡣ௻ᴗጤクࡢࡓࡵࠊಶูࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡣ
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
167
ู࡟ࠊᥦᦠୖࡢၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟඲య࡜ࡋ࡚సᴗࢆศᩓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊṌ␃ࡲࡾࡢ
పୗࡸ㈗㔠ᒓࡢရ㉁పୗࡣྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠉࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᑟධࡋࡓሙ
ྜࠊᅗ୰࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕᅇ཰ࠖ㸪
ࠕ཰㞟ࠖ,
ࠕゎయ࣭㑅ูࠖ,ࠕ 〇㘐ࠖࢆ୍య໬ࡋ࡚ᢸ࠺
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡲࡓసᴗつᶍࡀࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺ
࡟཰ࡲࡾࠊᡭసᴗࡢ༴㝤ᛶࢆᅇ㑊ࡋࡘࡘ
▷᫬㛫࡛ຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ⤌⧊㛫ࡢ㍺㏦࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㐠ᦙ㈝
⏝➼ࡶࢥࢫࢺࢲ࡛࢘ࣥࡁࠊ〇㘐௻ᴗ࡟㢗
ࡽࡎ࡜ࡶᑠつᶍ⤒Ⴀ୍࡛㈏ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ᅗ㸶ࠉࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ஦ᴗࡢ඲యീ࡟ᑐ
ࠉࠉࠉࡍࡿᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢฎ⌮⠊ᅖ
ࠉࡲࡓ≉࡟タഛࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟ᩚ࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠕ཰㞟ࠖ,ࠕゎయ࣭㑅ูࠖࡢ㒊ศⓗᑐᛂ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
◚○
ᶵࢆᑠ኎ᗑ➼࡟タ⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾࠊ
ࠕᦠᖏ㟁ヰ㞟Ⲵࡢሙྜࠊ㞟Ⲵ⟠ᡤࢆศᩓࡉࡏࡿ
ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ඛ⾜◊✲(Matsuo et al., 2011)࡛ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࡶゎᾘ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᒎ㛤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㈗㔠ᒓ〇ရ〇㐀ࡢ௻ᴗ࡜㐃ᦠࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᢳฟࡋࡓ㈗㔠ᒓࡢ〇ရ
໬ࡲ࡛ヨࡳࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࠊ௒ᚋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ᭱⤊┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚㐩ᡂࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࠉ࡞࠾ࠊᮏᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜ⟇࡟࿧ᛂࡋࡓホ౯(୕ዲࡽ㸪2011ab)࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ୺࡞ࡶࡢࢆ
ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡃࠋࡲࡎࠊ2011ᖺ1᭶࡟ᮾிᅜ㝿఍㆟ሙ࡛㛤࠿ࢀࡓ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬୺ദࡢ≉ูᒎ♧
ࠕ3R(Reduce Reuse Recycle) special eventࠖ࡟ᣍ⪸ࡉࢀࠊ
ࠕࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᢳฟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏⌮ㄽࠖ
࡞ࡽࡧ࡟◚○ᶵࡢヨసࡢ᳨ウ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ᒎ♧ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊ♫఍ࡢ
ືྥࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࠸࠿࡟ᅇ཰⋡ࢆ࢔ࢵࣉࡋ࡚ࡺࡃ࠿ࢆලయ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ௒ᚋࡢ
ㄢ㢟࡜ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ◚○ᶵࡢᨵⰋࢆ㔜ࡡࠊ஧ẁᘧࡢ◚○ᶵࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ㛫ࡢヨ⾜ㄪᰝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ2011ᖺ6᭶࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ➨㸯ᅇᕼᑡ㔠ᒓ㈨※㛤Ⓨ᥎㐍ᇶ┙
ᩚഛጤク஦ᴗᢏ⾡ㄪᰝጤဨ఍࡟࡚ࠊබ⾲ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡶᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ
㸬኱Ꮫ⏕༠࡟࠾ࡅࡿᦠᖏ㟁ヰᅇ཰࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢヨ⾜࡟ࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨࡢຠᯝࡢ☜ㄆ
ࠉᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⌧≧ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࢆᡴ◚ࡍ࡭ࡃ
౑⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᅇ཰࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ
ࡲ
ࡎඛ⾜◊✲(㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ஦ᴗ⪅༠఍, 2010)ࡸࣔ
ࢹࣝ⌮ㄽ(Matsuo et al., 2011㸹ᱵ⃝ࡽ㸪2010)ࢆ
ศᯒࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟኱Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⊂⮬ࡢ
࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ11)ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡾ✀
ࠎࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࢆ෌᳨
ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊලయⓗ࡞ᅇ཰ᐇ㊶࡟ྥ
ࡅ࡚ࡢᕤኵⅬ࡟⧅ࡆ࡚ホ౯ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓᅗࠋ
ᅗ㸷ࠉ኱Ꮫ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥᐇ᪋ࡢࡓࡵࡢᕤኵⅬ
168
ࠉࡇࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࣟࢪࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿ㌟㏆࡛㐺ษ࡞ᅇ཰ሙᡤ(㖔⬦)
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫᵓෆ࡟࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫ⏕༠๓(⏕༠᪋タ฼⏝⪅ࡣࠊ⣙3500㸭᪥)ࢆ㑅ᐃࡋࠊ2011ᖺ11
᭶28᪥࠿ࡽ12᭶2᪥ࡲ࡛(7᫬㛫/᪥×5᪥㛫)ࠊᐃᖖⓗ࡞ᅇ཰ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅࡓヨ⾜ᐇ
㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ࠉࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ≉࡟3᪥┠࠿ࡽᅇ཰⋡ࡀᛴቑࡋࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ᅇ཰ࡉࢀࡓ౑⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ⥲ᩘ
ࡣ331ಶ࡟㐩ࡋࠊᙜึࡢண ࢆ኱ࡁࡃୖᅇࡿᡂᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡣࠊᶵ✀㸪
Ⓨ኎᫬ᮇ㸪࣓࣮࣮࢝➼ከ✀ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㏥ⶶ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ከ࠸
ࡇ࡜ࢆド᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᥦ౪⪅࠿ࡽࡣࠕฎศ࡟ᅔࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ,ࠕᶵ఍ࢆ㐓ࡋࡓࠖ➼ࡢኌࡀከ
ࡃ⪺࠿ࢀࠊࡉࡽ࡟࿘▱࣭ᐉఏࢆᗈࡆ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏳᐃࡋࡓᐃᖖᅇ཰ࡢᣐⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚༑ศ
࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ௚᪉ࠊᮏᐇ᪋ሙᡤࡀࠊᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ࡢ㞄᥋ࡋࡓᆅ༊࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡓࡵࠊ◊✲ୖ᤼ฟ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࠕ㟁Ꮚᇶᯈࠖ࡞࡝ࡢᅇ཰ࡶࠊ୪⾜ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᮇ
ᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࠉ୍᪉ࠊNPO୰㒊ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ㐠ືᕷẸࡢ఍ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏕άࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢ᤼ฟࡢἼࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ(ᒣཱྀ㸪2012)ࠊ௒ᅇࡢࡼ࠺࡟኱Ꮫᵓ
ෆ࡟タ⨨ࡍࡿሙྜࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆ᪂ᶵ✀࡟ኚ᭦ࡋࡸࡍ࠸༞ᴗᘧ๓ࡸᖺᗘึࡵ࡟ᅇ཰ᣑ኱࢟
࣮ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢᐇ᪋➼ࢆヨࡳࢀࡤࠊࡉࡽ࡟ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊ
኱Ꮫබㄆ⎔ቃࢧ࣮ࢡࣝ(➹⪅ࡀ㢳ၥࢆᢸᙜ)࡜㐃ᦠࡋࡘࡘࠊ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࢚ࢥࣟࢪ࣮ࡢᐇ㊶ࡢ
୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡺࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊᆅᇦࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡟
࠾ࡅࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㐠⏝ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⮬἞యࡸ௻ᴗ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠ༠ຊࡶ௮ࡂ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ౑
⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢᗈᇦ࡞㖔⬦ࡢ☜ಖ࡜ᅇ཰つᶍࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᣑ኱ࢆ┠ㄽࡴࠊ♫఍ᐇ㊶࡟✚ᴟ
ⓗ࡟⮫ࢇ࡛࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸲㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
ࠉ2013ᖺࡼࡾࠊᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ౑⏝῭ᑠᆺᐙ㟁ᶵჾ➼ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝไᗘࡀ㒊ศⓗ࡟᪋⾜
ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᇶ♏◊✲ࡢศ㔝࡛㆟ㄽࡀάᛶ໬ࡋࡓ㈗㔠ᒓᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࢆࠊ
ἲไᗘ࡟༶ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡟☜ᐇ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿᚲせᛶࡀຍ㏿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓ
ࠕࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࣔࢹࣝ஦ᴗࠖ࡟ࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡓྛᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡂᯝ➼ࡣࠊࣔࢹࣝ
ᆅᇦ࡬ࡢ㑏ඖ࣭⥅⥆ᛶ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊ௚ᆅᇦ࡬┦ᑐ໬ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃດຊࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ⓗ㐠⏝ࡢホ౯࡜ඛ➃ⓗᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢᐇ⌧ᛶࡢホ౯ࡀࠊಶูศ᩿ࡋ࡚
ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᒎᮃ࡟ྥࡅࡓ⥭ᐦ࡞㐃ᦠࡢࣃ࢖ࣉࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜ࡶồࡵࡽ
ࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠉᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢᇶ♏◊✲ࡢ㧗ᗘ໬ࡔࡅ࡟┠ࢆྥࡅ
ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕ⾜ື⛉Ꮫࠖ࡟༶ࡋࡓໟᣓⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊᐇ㊶
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
169
ⓗᒎ㛤࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡃ኱ࡁ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㛤Ⓨࢆ
ྵࡴ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡣࠊ୍㠃ⓗ࡟ศᯒ࣭ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊඹ㏻ࡢㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡍ
ࡿᏛ㝿ⓗ༠ຊయไࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࡑࢀࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓᑗ᮶ࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆᥖࡆࡿ⥲ྜⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒◊✲
ࡀ⫢せ࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾ⮬↛⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞⌮ゎࡸᢏ⾡࣭᪉ἲㄽࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ♫఍ࡸ⤒
῭࣭ᨻ἞ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚ࠼࡚ࡺࡃ࠿ࢆྵࡵ࡚ࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ど㔝࡛᫬㛫ⓗ࣭✵㛫ⓗ
࡞ኚ໬ࡢ┦࡟ἢࡗ࡚య⣔ⓗ࡟ศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᅜ
ෆ࡛ࡢ⮬ຓດຊ࡜௚ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢᅜ㝿༠ຊ࡜ࡀ㐃ືࡋ࡚ࠊໟᣓⓗ࡟ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ
⠏ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ௒ᚋ┈ࠎồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
ࠉࡉࡽ࡞ࡿṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢᾏእ࡬ࡢࠕぢ࠼࡞࠸ࣇ࣮ࣟࠖ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ
ᚠ⎔㈨※(෌⏕㈨※࣭୰ྂရ)ࡢ㈠᫆࡟ࡼࡿ㉺ቃ⛣ືࡀᣑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ᪤ሗ(୕ዲ㸪
2010㸤2011)࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ୰ᅜᗈᮾ┬ࢫ࣡ࢺ࢘ᕷ㏆㑹ࡢ㈗ᕋ(Guiyu)ᮧࡢ஦౛➼ࢆᣲࡆ࡞ࡀ
ࡽゝཬࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㉺ቃ⛣ື࡟క࠺⎔ቃởᰁࡸࣜࢫࢡࡢ⛣㌿ၥ㢟࡟ࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚ࡺ
ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡶࡣࡸᚠ⎔ࡣᅜෆࡔࡅࢆὀどࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㏆ᮍ᮶ⓗ࡟ᅜ
㝿ⓗ࡞ᚠ⎔ᆺ♫఍ࡢᵓ⠏(⎔ቃ┬୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟఍㸪2006 )ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ど㔝࠿
ࡽ᳨ウࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ᫬௦ࢆ㏄࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾ้ࠎ㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㔜⠜࡞
⎔ቃၥ㢟ࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ᛴົ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡀࠊୖ㏙ࡋࡓᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡣࠊ
ࡑࡢᑐ㇟ࡢỗ⏝ᛶ࠿ࡽࠊ┤㠃ࡍࡿ㔜㔠ᒓởᰁᅵተࡢಟ᚟࡬ࡢᐤ୚ࡶྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊẚ㍑ⓗᏳ౯࡛฼౽ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഃ㠃ࢆά࠿ࡋࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣ⌧ᆅ♫఍ࡢࣜࢧ࢖
ࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒⌧ሙ࡬ࡢᑟධ➼ࡢᅜ㝿㈉⊩ࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲ࡣከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃࠿ࡽࠊ
ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡢ⌧≧ᨵၿ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࠉ୍᪉ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㈗㔠ᒓᢳฟ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᇶ♏⌮ㄽࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙࡭࡚ࡁ
ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᪧࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ㡿࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓྂ඾ⓗ࡞〇㘐ᢏ⾡࠿ࡽぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ〇㘐཯ᛂ㐣⛬ࢆ♧ࡍ໬Ꮫ཯ᛂᘧࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ19ୡ⣖୰ᗤ࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㚷ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢᙜ᫬ࠊィࡾ▱ࢀࡠ⛬ࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ୰࠿ࡽࠊ༟㉺ࡋࡓ
ほᐹຊ࡜Ὕᐹຊࡀά࠿ࡉࢀࡘࡘࠊᕦጁ࡞ᢏ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚య⣔໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡶ
ぢ㏨ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢ㖔ᒣᴗࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᴟࡵ࡚ከࡃࡢඛఫ
Ẹࡀᙉไປാࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࠊỈ㖟୰ẘࡸ㐣㓞࡞ປാ࡟ࡼࡿ೺ᗣ⿕ᐖࡸ࿨ࢆⴠ࡜ࡍ༴ᶵ࡟ࡉ
࠼᫹ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ஦ᐇ(ᰁ⏣㸪1986)ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠉ⎔ቃởᰁၥ㢟ࡣ஦ࡢ㉳ࡇࡾ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢ⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡿேࠎࡢከࡃࡀࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࣭♫఍ⓗ࡟
୙฼┈࡞❧ሙ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ♫఍ⓗᙅ⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓ⪁ேࡸᏊ࡝ࡶ࡞࡝ࡢ⏕⌮ⓗᙅ
⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࡀࠊࢢ࢖ࣘᮧ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁ᏊᗫᲠ≀ၥ㢟ࡢ஦౛࡟ぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⌧௦♫఍
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡲࡔᨵၿࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ♫఍ⓗ࡟⬤ᙅ࡞㒊ศࠖ
(The Commission Human Security㸪2003)࡟ὀどࡋ࡚ࡺࡃே㛫ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡟❧⬮ࡋࡓ࢔ࣉࣟ
࣮ࢳ࡜ࡑࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࡀࠊ⎔ቃၥ㢟ᨵၿ࡟ࡶ┈ࠎồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡉ
ࡽ࡟ࡣࠊኚ໬ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛ࠊಶேࡸᆅᇦࡀࡑࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚ࠊ⏕ά࡬ࡢ⬣ጾࢆ
170
ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟⮬ࡽࡢุ᩿࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⾜ືࡍࡿ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡
ࣥࢺࢆᇵࡗ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜ࡶࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ど㔝ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊໟᣓⓗ࡟ᨭ᥼ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽ
ࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠉ௚᪉࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡢጼໃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊேࠎࡢ⏕ᴗ࠿ࡽ㛤Ⓨࡢ㘽ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍ
࡜࠸࠺どⅬࡣࠊ⮬⏤࡞Ⓨᒎࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࡁࡓඛ➃⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ♫఍࡬ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
෌ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ2011ᖺ3᭶࡟᪥ᮏ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ⚟ᓥ➨୍ཎᏊຊ
Ⓨ㟁ᡤࡢ஦ᨾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣜࢫࢡࡣே㛫ࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆక࠺༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᅇ㑊ࡀᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ
㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ෌☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ฼౽ᛶࡢྥୖࡸ⤒῭ᛶࢆ┠ㄽࢇ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࠕᢏ⾡ࠖ⮬యࡀࠊࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ᮍ᏶ᡂࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ♫఍࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᠱ
ᛕࡍࡿᩍカࡀ῝ࡃ้ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠉ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㐃ࡢᡂᯝࡣࠊᩘⓒᖺ๓࡟⏕ࡁࡿඛேࡓࡕࡀṧࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠕே
㛫ࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࠖ࡜⛠ࡍ࡭ࡁᢏ⾡ࡢᡤ⏘ࢆࠊ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞᫬㛫㍈ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ้ࠎ࡜㐍
⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡢᨵၿ࡬㑏ඖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࠊ௒ᚋࡣໟᣓⓗ࣭
Ꮫ㝿ⓗウ✲ࢆᙉ໬ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㐍ᒎ࡟ᮇᚅࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ㅰ㎡
ࠉᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᖹᡂ21ᖺᗘ኱㜰኱Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࣄ࣮࣐ࣗࣥࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ⤒㈝
ࠕỈ㖟ởᰁᅵተࡢᨵ㉁࡜㈗㔠ᒓᅇ཰࡟㛵ࡍࡿᛂ⏝㛤Ⓨ࡟┤⤖ࡋࡓᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲ࠖ୪ࡧ࡟ᖹᡂ
23ᖺᗘྠ⤒㈝㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ(୰ྂᦠᖏ㟁ヰ)࠿ࡽࡢ⛥ᑡ㈨※(㈗㔠ᒓ࣭ࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝ)ᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖ
࡟ࡼࡾ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡓᡂᯝࢆከࡃྵࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊຓᡂ㡬࠸ࡓ኱㜰኱Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉࡟῝ㅰ⮴ࡋ
ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ(ᰴ)ఫ཭㔠ᒓᕤᴗࠊ(ᰴ)᫭❧ᕤᴗࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝᚨᓥ┴ே఍ࡼࡾ◊✲ዡບࡢࡈᨭ
᥼ࢆ㡬ᡝࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ◚○⿦⨨ᨵⰋ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ(ᰴ)᫭❧ᕤᴗ୪ࡧ࡟(ᰴ)୕ᅽ࢖ࣥࢲࢫࢺࣜ
࣮࡟ከ኱࡞ࡿࡈ༠ຊࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆཌࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᦠᖏ㟁ヰᅇ཰࢟ࣕ
ࣥ ࣌ ࣮ ࣥ ࡛ ࡈ ᨭ ᥼ 㡬 ࠸ ࡓ ኱ 㜰 ኱ Ꮫ ⏕ ά ༠ ྠ ⤌ ྜ ྿ ⏣ ᨭ 㒊 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ⪅ ࡢ ⓙ ᵝ ࠊᮇ 㛫 ୰ ࠊ
ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆࡈᥦ౪㡬࠸ࡓⓙᵝ࡟ࠊࡇࡢሙࢆ࠾೉ࡾࡋ࡚ㅰពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ὀ
1)ኳ↛㖔ᒣࡀ⮬↛ࡢస⏝࡛᭷⏝≀㉁ࡀ⃰㞟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᙧୖࡢሙᡤ(㖔ᗋࠊ㖔⬦㸧ࢆᕪࡍࡢ
ࠉ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ᭷⏝≀ࢆேⅭⓗ࡟᥇᥀ࡋ࡚௨㝆ࠊ〇ရ࡜࡞ࡾᗫᲠ≀࡜࡞ࡗࡓ᭷⏝≀㉁ࢆ
ࠉேⅭⓗ࡟㞟✚ࡉࡏࡓሙᡤࢆேᕤ㖔ᒣ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㖔ᒣ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ౯್ࡣࡑࡢ㞟✚ᗘྜ࠸
ࠉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡾࠊ㞟✚≧ἣࡣᴫࡋ࡚ேཱྀᐦᗘ࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ෌⏕ྍ⬟㈨※ࡢ⃰㞟ࡋ
ࠉࡓ㒔ᕷࡇࡑࡀ㈨※ᚠ⎔ࡢሙ࡜఩⨨௜ࡅࠊ᭷⏝≀㉁ࡢ⵳✚ࡉࢀࡓሙᡤࢆ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ࡜ᐃ⩏
ࠉࡋࡓ(༡ᲄ㸪1987)ࠋ
2)࢖ࣥࣂ࣮ࢫ࣭࣐ࢽࣗࣇ࢓ࢡࢳࣕࣜࣥࢢ࡜ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾࡢࠕタィĺ⏕⏘ĺ౑⏝ĺ
ࠉᗫᲠࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᕤ⛬ࡢࠕᗫᲠࠖ࡟᭰࠼࡚ࠊࠕᅇ཰ĺศゎĺ㑅ูĺ෌฼⏝ĺ⏕⏘ࠖ࡜࠸࠺
ࠉ౑⏝ᚋࡢὶࢀࢆ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ〇ရࢆタィ࣭〇㐀ࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
171
3)〇㘐(smelting)ࡣ୺࡟㖔▼࠿ࡽ㔠ᒓࢆᢳฟࡍࡿ᧯స࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⢭㘐(refining)ࡣ㔠ᒓ࠿ࡽ
ࠉ୙⣧≀ࢆ㝖ཤࡍࡿ᧯స࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
4)Ỉ㖟ࡣᖖ ࡛ᾮయ࡛࠶ࡾࠊከࡃࡢ㔠ᒓ࡜໬ྜ≀(≉࡟㔠ᒓ㛫໬ྜ≀)ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ᙧᡂࡍࡿࡀࠊ
ࠉࡑࡢ໬ྜ≀ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࡢᚤ⢏Ꮚࢆᠱ⃮ࡋࡓ≧ែࢆ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞࡜⥲⛠ࡍࡿࠋ㔠ࡀ᭱ࡶ࢔
ࠉ࣐࣒ࣝ࢞≧ែ࡟࡞ࡾ᫆ࡃࠊྂࡃ࠿ࡽࡇࡢᛶ㉁ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚〇㘐ࡸ࣓ࢵ࢟ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
ࠉ㖟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࡢཎ⌮ࡀ⏕࠿ࡉࢀᐇ⏝໬ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ୰ୡ௨㝆࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞〇㘐
ࠉࡣከࡃࡢሙྜ፹⁐๣࡜ྠ᫬࡟ሷ࡜Ỉࢆῧຍࡍࡿࡢ࡛‵ᘧ〇㘐࡟ᒓࡋࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡶヲ⣽ࢆ
ࠉ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
5)1563ᖺ࡟Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓ࣮࣌ࣝ㡿ෆ࡟࠶ࡿ࣡ࣥ࢝࣋ࣜ࢝㖔ᒣࡢỈ㖟ࢆࠊ⋤ᐊࡢᑓ኎࡜ࡋ࡚
ࠉ☜ಖࡋࡓࠋ
6)࣏ࢺࢩ㖟㖔ᒣࡣࠊ1545ᖺ࡟Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊึ㢌ࡣఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ඛఫẸࡢࢢ࢔࢖ࣛἲ࡛
ࠉ⢭㘐ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᡭἲ࡛ࡣࠊ㧗ရ఩ࡢ㖔▼ࡢࡳࡋ࠿⢭㘐࡛ࡁࡎࠊ1572ᖺ㡭࡟ࡣရ
ࠉ఩ࡀⴠࡕ࡚ప㏞ࡋࠊࡋ࠿ࡶᒌ㖔ࡀሁ✚ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ
7)㔠ᒓࡢ〇㘐ἲ࡟ࡣ୕᪉ᘧ࠶ࡿࠋ‵ᘧ/஝ᘧ/㟁ゎࡢྛ〇㘐ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓஧⪅࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ
ࠉ〇㘐ࢆỈ⁐ᾮ࡞࡝ࡢ⁐፹୰࡛⾜࠺ሙྜ‵ᘧ⢭㘐࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ⮬యࡢ⁐⼥≧ែࡸẼయࢆ
ࠉ཯ᛂ≀㉁࡜ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ஝ᘧ〇㘐࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㥑ືຊ࡟㟁Ẽࢆ౑ࡗࡓ‵ᘧ⢭㘐ࡀ㟁ゎ〇㘐࡜
ࠉ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࠋ
8)⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ࢔࣐࣒ࣝ࢞ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㔠ᒓ㛫໬ྜ≀ࡣȖྜ㔠Ag΅HgΆ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
9)⢊○ᚋࠊ2mm௨ୗ࡜0.5mm௨ୗࡢ㔜㔞ẚࡢ㛫࡟ࠊṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊࡲࡓ⣼✚㔜㔞
ࠉศᕸ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࠿ࡽࠊ㐣⢊○ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟0.5mm௨ୗࡢ㔜㔞཰⋡ࢆ17㸣๓ᚋ࡟タᐃࡍ
ࠉࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ᭱㐺᮲௳࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓࠋ
10) 0.5mm ௨ୗ࡟㔜㔞ẚ17㸣ࢆ᳜࠼ࡿ◚○᮲௳ࡣࠊ◚○㔜㔞ࡈ࡜࡟ᅇ㌿㏿ᗘࡢඖỴᐃࡉࢀ
ࠉࡿᡤ⏝◚○᫬㛫࡛♧ࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡣࠊ◚○ᐊෆࡢ⢊యᣲືࢆ⩼ᆺ◚○ᶵࡢὶయຊ
ࠉᏛⓗ┦ఝᙧ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᡤ⏝◚○᫬㛫ࢆᅇ㌿㏿ᗘࡢ୕஌๎࡛⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ
ࠉ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
11) 2010ᖺ11᭶ࠊே㛫⛉Ꮫ㒊࣭ἲᏛ㒊➼ࡢᏛ⏕(⣙150ྡ)ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ2ᗘ࡟Ώࡾࠊ⡆᫆࡞グ
ࠉ㏙ᘧࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
᪥ᮏㄒᩥ⊩
㟷ᮌᗣᚁ (2000),ࠗ༡⡿࣏ࢺࢩ㖟ᒣ࠘, ୰ኸබㄽ᪂♫
ጜᓮṇ἞ (2009),ࠕ࢖ࢫࣃࣀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㖟㖔ᒣ࡛ࡢỈ㖟ởᰁ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
ᆅᇦືែⓗ◊✲ࠖ㸪
ࠗࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝே㛫Ꮫ࠘, Vol.1, pp.55-68.
ጜᓮṇ἞㸪୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ (2011),ࠕࢫ࣌࢖᳜ࣥẸ᫬௦ࡢ࣏ࢺࢩ㖔ᒣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㖟〇㘐ᢏ⾡ࡢ෌
ホ౯࡜௒᪥ⓗᛂ⏝㛤Ⓨ࡬ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠖ㸪
ࠗ኱㜰኱Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ⣖せ࠘,Vol.37, pp.299-319.
ጜᓮṇ἞㸪୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ (2012),ࠕ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㊶ⓗ◊✲í౑⏝῭ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ◚○≉ᛶ
172
࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ᳨ウࠖ㸪
ࠗ኱㜰኱Ꮫே㛫⛉Ꮫ⣖せ࠘, Vol.38, pp.131-153.
ጜᓮṇ἞㸪୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ㸪ᒣᮏ㧗㑳(2012),ࠕ౑⏝῭ࡳᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ஧ẁ◚○㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ✀
㔠ᒓࡢศ㞳࣭จ㞟⌧㇟ࠖ㸪➨164ᅇ㕲㗰༠఍⛅ᮇㅮ₇኱఍ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ㅮ₇㈨ᩱ.
ᱵ⃝ගᕼ㸪ቑ⏣ᝋኵ (2010),ࠕᦠᖏ㟁ヰ➃ᮎࡢᅇ཰࡜ࡑࡢຠ⋡໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࠖ㸪
ࠗ᪥ᮏ≀ὶ
Ꮫ఍ㄅ࠘㸪Vol.18, 81-88.
ᑠᓥ㐨୍(⦅) (2005),ࠗ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚠ⎔㈨※㈠᫆࠘,᪥ᮏ㈠᫆᣺⯆ᶵᵓ(ࢪ࢙ࢺࣟ)࢔ࢪ࢔
⤒῭◊✲ᡤ.
⎔ቃ┬࣭⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ (2010),ࠕ౑⏝῭ࡳᑠᆺᐙ㟁࠿ࡽࡢࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝࡢᅇ཰ཬࡧ㐺ṇฎ⌮࡟
㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲఍ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ୰㛫࡜ࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࠖ
⎔ቃ┬୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟఍ࠉᗫᲠ≀࣭ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ㒊఍ࠉᅜ㝿ᚠ⎔ᆺ♫఍ᙧᡂ࡜⎔ቃಖ඲࡟㛵
ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍ࠉ➨஧ᅇ୰㛫ሗ࿌ᴫせ∧(2006ᖺ1᭶30᪥)㸬
⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ (2009),ࠗࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝ☜ಖᡓ␎࠘㸪pp.1-37.
బΏᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ୡ⏺㑇⏘࣭ᩥ໬᣺⯆఍ࠊ᪂₲┴ᩍ⫱ᗇᩥ໬⾜ᨻㄢ⦅ⴭ(2008),ࠗ㯤㔠ࡢ
ᓥࢆṌࡃ㸫బΏ㖟㔠ᒣࡢṔྐ࡜ᩥ໬㸫࠘㸪᪂₲᪥ሗ஦ᴗ⪅.
ᰁ⏣⚽⸨ (1989),ࠕࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ㡿࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㸫࣮࣌ࣝ๪⋤㡿ࠖ㸪
ࠗࣛࢸࣥ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྐࠊ᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦
ࡢᐇീ࠘
㸦ᰁ⏣⚽⸨⦅㸧ୡ⏺ᛮ᝿♫, pp.97-206㸬
ᑎᅬ῟ (2008),ࠕ ᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜ࡬ྥ࠿࠺౑⏝῭ࡳ㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚᶵჾ㸸ࡈࡳ࠿㈨※࠿ࠖ㸪
ࠗ⛉Ꮫ࠘㸪Vol.78㸪pp.768-772.
ᑎᅬ῟㸪ྜྷ⏣⥤ (2012),ࠕ౑⏝῭ᐙ㟁〇ရࡢᅜෆࣇ࣮ࣟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ࡜୰ྂရ㍺ฟ㔞ࡢ᥎
ᐃࠖ㸪
ࠗᗫᲠ≀㈨※ᚠ⎔Ꮫ఍ㄅ࠘㸪Vol.23, 280-294.
㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ஦ᴗ⪅༠఍ (2010),ࠕ ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࣭PHSࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࠖ
୰㔝ᐃ㞝, ୰㔝㔛⨾, ୰㔝⨾௦ (1986),ࠗࣉࣜࣗ࢘ࢫࡢ༤≀ㄅ࠘(➨Ϫᕳ), 㞝ᒣ㛶ฟ∧
༡ᲄ㐨ኵ (1987),ࠕ 㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㛤Ⓨíໟᣓⓗ㈨※ほ࡟ࡼࡿࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࠖ㸪
ࠗᮾ໭኱Ꮫ㑅㖔〇㘐◊✲ᡤᙡሗ࠘㸪No.43, pp.239-251.
ཎ⏣ṇ⣧, ୰す‽Ꮚ, ᑠ἟᫴ (1995),ࠕࣈࣛࢪ࣭ࣝ࢔࣐ࢰࣥỈᇦࡢ᥇㔠࡟ࡼࡿỈ㖟ởᰁㄪᰝࠖ,
ࠗබ⾗⾨⏕࠘, Vol.59, p.p.307-311.
୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ (2010),ࠕ㞟✚ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ㟁ᏊᗫᲠ≀࡟ࡼࡿ୰ᅜࡢ⎔ቃၥ㢟࡜ࡑࡢᑐ⟇㸫ே㛫ࡢ
Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀࡜ࢧࢫࢸ࢖ࢼࣅࣜࢸ࢕Ꮫࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚íࠖNew Food Industry,
Vol.52, pp.53-61.
୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ (2011),ࠕ㞟✚ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ㟁ᏊᗫᲠ≀࡟ࡼࡿ୰ᅜࡢ⎔ቃၥ㢟୪ࡧ࡟ᕼᑡ㔠ᒓᅇ཰
࡟㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖ㸪
ࠗ኱㜰኱Ꮫ୰ᅜᩥ໬ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩ࣮ࣙࣥ࣌ࣃ࣮࠘,
No.2011-11, pp.1-16.
୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ㸪ጜᓮṇ἞ (2011),ࠕඛேࡢ▱ᜨࡢ⤖ᬗࢆᮍ᮶࡬ά࠿ࡍ㸫⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊
✲࡟ࡼࡿ⎔ቃởᰁᨵၿ࡬ࡢᣮᡓ㸫ࠖNew Food Industry, Vol.53, pp.69-79.
୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ㸪ጜᓮṇ἞㸪⚟ᘅ໷೔ (2011a),ࠕ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ(ᗫᲠᦠᖏ㟁ヰ)㛤Ⓨ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඹྠ◊
✲ࠖ㸪3R(Reduce Reuse Recycle) special event ୰ᑠ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ௻ᴗࣃࣅࣜ࢜ࣥ⤒⏘ᴗ
⊂๰ⓗ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝᅇ཰ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡜ᐇ㊶ⓗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢᣮᡓ
173
┬୺ദ≉ู௻⏬(40ᅇ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࣉࢥ࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃ࣭ࣥ➨28ᅇ࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢸࢫࢺ࣭
ࢪࣕࣃࣥ)㸪ᮾி ᅜ㝿ᒎ♧ሙ, 1᭶19ࠥ21᪥.
୕ዲᜨ┿Ꮚ㸪ጜᓮṇ἞㸪⚟ᘅ໷೔ (2011b),ࠕ୰ྂᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ㔠ᒓ⃰⦰ᆺ◚○⿦⨨ࡢ㛤Ⓨ୪
ࡧ࡟ࡑࢀࢆά⏝ࡋࡓࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝഛ⵳ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏࡬ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗヨ⾜ࠖ㸪ᖹᡂ23ᖺᗘ
➨㸯ᅇᕼᑡ㔠ᒓ㈨※㛤Ⓨ᥎㐍ᇶ┙ᩚഛጤク஦ᴗᢏ⾡ㄪᰝጤဨ఍㸪⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே
▼Ἔኳ↛࢞ࢫ࣭㔠ᒓ㖔≀㈨※ᶵᵓ(㹈㹍㹅㹋㹃㹁)㸪ᮾி㸪 6᭶27᪥.
ᮧୖ㐍ு (2012),ࠕᑠᆺᐙ㟁ࡢࣇ࣮ࣟ࡜ᅇ཰࣭཰㞟࣭㐠ᦙࠖ㸪
ࠗᗫᲠ≀㈨※ᚠ⎔Ꮫ఍ㄅ࠘㸪
Vol.23, 303-310.
᳃ୗဴ (2012),ࠕ౑⏝῭ᑠᆺ㟁Ꮚᶵჾ➼ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝไᗘࡢᴫせ࡜௒ᚋࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
⪃ᐹࠖ㸪
ࠗᗫᲠ≀㈨※ᚠ⎔Ꮫ఍ㄅ࠘㸪Vol.23, 280-294.
ᒣཱྀカୡ (2012),ࠕ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬࣭⎔ቃ┬ࣔࢹࣝ஦ᴗ㸸ྡྂᒇ࣭ὠᓥࣔࢹࣝࠖ㸪ᅜ㝿༠ຊࢩࣥ
࣏ࢪ࣒࢘ࠗ╀ࡿ㒔ᕷ㖔ᒣ㸸ࣞ࢔࣓ࢱࣝíࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡀᣅࡃ㈨※኱ᅜ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘㸪
ㅮ₇Ⓨ⾲㈨ᩱ
ᒣᮏຬ୕ (1938),ࠗ⏘㔠࠘, ࢲ࢖ࣖࣔࣥࢻ♫.
㸦እᅜㄒᩥ⊩㸧
Acosta, P. J. (1894) Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias, (1590), Sevilla:Casa de Fuan de Leon.
Arzáns de Orsua y Vela, B. (1965) Historia de la Villa Imperial de Potosí, ed.Hanke, L. Y.,Mendoza,
G., Brown University Press.
Barba, A. A. (2003), Arte de los metales, Valladlid: MAXTOR.
Bargalló, M. (1955) La Mineria y la Metalúrgia en la América Español durante la época colonial,
Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economía.
Biringuccio, V. (2005) De la pirotechnia, English, DOVER Publications Inc.
Capoche, L. (1959) Relación general de Villa Imperial de Potoí, ed. Hanke, L., Madrid.
Cole, A. J. (1985) The Potosi Mita, In ‘California’, Stanford University Press, 1573-1700.
Percy, J. (1880) Metallurgy: Silver and Gold-1, London: John Murray.
Probert, A. (1997) Bartollome de Medina: The Patio Process and the Sixteenth Century Silver Crisis,
An Expanding World.The European Impact on World History 1450-1800(ed.Bakewell, P. ),
Vol. 19, VARIORUM., 96-129.
Rhead, L. E. L. (1895) Extraction of silver. Metallurgy., pp. 267-285.
Matsuo, S., Jung-Ah, K., Murata, K., Dodbiba, G. and Fujita, T. (2011) Evaluating the Practical
Application of Underwater Explosion for Recycling, Vol. 58, 52-58.
The Commission Human Security (2003) Human Security Now: Protecting and Empowering
People, N. Y..
174
A Technological Development and Practical Approach for Strategy for
Ensuring Stable Supplies of Rare Metals
Emako MIYOSHI and Shoji ANEZAKI
Japan needs effective schemes for recycling apart from the Home Appliance Recycling Law;
particularly needed are further collection of used PCs under the existing scheme and a system to
collect cell phones and small household electronics. Moreover, despite the growing interest in the
environment and recycling, the industry struggles to obtain enough used mobile phones to feed its
recycling plants.
Mobile phones contain high concentrations of useful metals, including various rare metals.
Promoting their recovery and recycling is important from the viewpoint of effectively using
resources. Thus, because a recycling system for small household appliances, such as mobile phones,
will be legislated in 2013, further technological development and a more practical approach are
needed for the so-called urban mines, places where material is reclaimed from urban waste for reuse.
Therefore, we have been developing a practical approach to be used in urban mining for the
recycling of rare metals from used mobile phones. We use an interdisciplinary approach relating to
the re-evaluation of the Silver Smelting Technology in Colonial Peru as the basis for our new technical
development. We focus on the smelting technology of the Potosi Mine, which was the first successful
venture in the industrialization of silver amalgamation during Spanish colonization; it demonstrated
key technologies in related historical documents, from the perspective of scientific knowledge. We
present a schematic model to explain the smelting technology of the Potosi Mine, believing that we
could use these basic theories for our new technical development.
In addition to emphasizing extraction efficiency, we have elaborated on additional experimental
devices in order to encourage consumers to recycle mobile phones and increase mobile phone
recycling rates. Our newly developed system has excellent features that include a crushing operation,
metal concentration, and physical classification. Thus, in order to enhance the extraction of precious
metals, such as gold, a device crushes used mobile phones into flakes of less than 10 mm in size in
the first step. It is easy to operate because it uses ordinary AC power and a viewable crushing
process. Moreover, the size of the pieces can be adjusted in accordance with not only the required
security level but also the desirable metal concentration by means of various optional properties. In
using the second step of the crushing device with a rotation speed between 0 and 25000 rpm, more
than 95% of the gold, silver, and platinum were concentrated into a product that was ground into
pieces of less than 2 mm in size.
Using this new system, we held a successful campus campaign for recycling used mobile phones,
with 331 used mobile phones returned during the campaign period. In this way, we are continuing
research that will contribute to a strategy for ensuring a stable supply of rare metals.
Fly UP