JX 4:34 (Mar 3, 2010)

J
X
ournal
e press
Volume 4 ＃34, March 3, 2010
Headlines
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Journal Express は、通常 1-2 ページの Headlines とこれに続く本文との 2 部構成になっています。
Headlines 頁の各記事から或いは pdf 機能「しおり」の項目から本文へ直接リンクします。
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英DFID、実証的裏づけのある意思決定の能力強化
英国国際開発省（DFID）は、国際社会が実証的裏づけのある意思決定を行う能力の強化イニシアティブを実
施している。この種の意思決定は実証性に関して十分な審査を必要とするため、イニシアティブは試行的な
審査プロジェクトを含んでいる。この審査に興味のある人々の参加が求められている。
Systematic Reviews in International Development: an Initiative to Strengthen EvidenceInformed Policy Making (DFID/R4D website)
中国の対北朝鮮投資の見返り
中国は、北朝鮮に対し 100 億ドルの投資をする見返りに、行き詰っている核軍縮をめぐる 6 か国協議への復
帰を促す計画である。報道によれば、投資金の 60%以上は中国の銀行から拠出される見込みである。
China to Make Massive Investment in N Korea (Associated Press online, February 15, 2010)
ドナーの援助成績良し悪しで 2010 年目標到達難
経済協力開発機構（OECD）が発展途上国への援助資金の流れを見直した結果、金額は過去最高であるも
のの、総額では 2005 年に行われたグレンイーグルズ・サミットとミレニアム＋5 サミットで約束された水準以
下となっている。大部分の援助国が公約を達成するなか、いくつかの主要援助国の援助が相当下回ったこと
が決定的な起因とされる。
Donors’ Mixed Aid Performance for 2010 Sparks Concern (OECD, February 17, 2010)
焦点： ポスト「京都議定書」
Issues in Focus: Kyoto Protocol Update
国連、コペンハーゲン合意を実行へ
国連気候変動枠組条約第 15 回締約国会議（COP15）とその成果である「コペンハーゲン合意」は満足のいく
ものではなかったが、会議はいくつかの行動施策を生み出した。国連は、これらの施策を実行する為の準備
を開始した。その第一歩は、ハイレベル委員会を作ることである。
UN Gets Rolling on Copenhagen Accord, Forms Finance Panel
(New York Times online, February 12, 2010)
COP15 をめぐる途上国と先進国の深い溝
気候変動の取扱いに関する各国の様々な思惑が、国際政治上の混乱を起している。ある分析では、義務付
けを拒む途上国と最終合意で全ての国への義務付けを求める先進国との間で「埋められない溝」が広がって
いると指摘する。中国のシンクタンクの内部資料では、富裕国が「共謀して途上国を分断」しようとしていると
非難している。
How the Rich-Poor Chasm Sank Copenhagen Summit (Australian online, February 13, 2010)
China's Fears of Rich Nation 'Climate Conspiracy' at Copenhagen Revealed
(Guardian online, February 11, 2010)
（続）
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会議情報： 仏主催、開発のための革新的資金解決に向けての市場
Meetings and Conferences:
フランス開発庁（AFD）が“Marketplace on Innovative Financial Solutions for Development（開発のための革
新的資金解決に向けての市場）”を主催する。革新についてのプレゼンテーションや、政策や技術に関するワ
ークショップが予定される 2 日間のイベントには、1000 人を超える参加者が見込まれている。
Marketplace on Innovative Financial Solutions for Development
(March 4-5, 2010, Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, la Villette, Paris)
出版情報： Trade and Environment Review 2009-2010 (UNCTAD)
Publications and Reports:
国連貿易開発会議（UNCTAD）が発表した最新レポート“Trade and Environment Review 2009-2010”は、最
近の世界経済危機の貧困国への影響を述べている。そのレポートによれば、度重なる危機は、持続可能で、
戦略的な経済活動を支援する新しい政策を試みる良い機会になるとしている。
Trade and Environment Review 2009-2010 (UNCTAD, February 2010)
NGOコーナー： 市民社会と援助の有効性（OECD）
NGO Corner
援助国と被援助国は、援助の有効性向上のために市民社会を巻き込んでいくことの大切さを認識している。
OECD は、2008 年のアクラ行動計画の合意提案実施のための指針を作成した。
Civil Society and Aid Effectiveness: Findings, Recommendations and Good Practices
(OECD Publishing, February 11, 2010)
注！ 中国、Oxfam香港に警戒
Note!
中国政府は、Oxfam 香港が隠された政治的意図を持つ疑いがあると非難して、教育機関にこの団体との接
触をさけるようにと勧告した。
China Urges Schools to Shun Relief Agency (Japan Times, February 24, 2010, p 4)
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合せてご活用下さい。
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http://dakis.fasid.or.jp/
Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development
(財)国際開発高等教育機構
J
X
Volume 4, Issue 34, March 3, 2010
o u rn a l
e p re s s
Systematic Reviews in International Development:
An Initiative to Strengthen Evidence-Informed Policy Making
DFID/R4D website
The Research and Evidence Division of the Department For
International Development (DFID), the UK development agency, is
launching an initiative to strengthen the international community’s capacity to use
evidence-informed decision making. Evidence-informed decision making is defined
by DFID as “the careful use of the most up-to-date evidence.”
The initiative will run January 2010-September 2010. As part of it, there will
be a pilot systematic review project comprised of 25 reviews based on 40 priority
questions formulated by DFID. The underlying assumption is that better decisions
based on solid evidence bring both better impact and better value for money; but this
requires that the evidence be reviewed so that rigorous and timely assessment of it
can be provided to decision makers.
Reviewers interested in participating are invited to refer to the questions on
the website and submit proposals. The reviews should be conducted to the level of
recognized standards, including peer review of protocols. The deadline for
submission is April 6, 2010. The results will be posted on the DFID research portal,
Research for Development (R4D).
Information on the systematic reviews is available at
http://www.research4development.info/SystematicReviewFeature.asp
China to make massive investment in N Korea
Associated Press online, February 15, 2010
China is set to entice the North Korean government back to the stalled 6-party
nuclear disarmament talks by offering $10 billion in investment. North Korea’s gross
domestic product for 2008, as estimated by South Korea’s central bank, was $27.7
billion.
Having left the talks, and having conducted internationally unauthorized
nuclear tests last year, North Korea is thought now to be ready to resume the 6-party
process in exchange for aid.
More than 60% of the aid money reportedly will come from Chinese banks.
According to the Seoul-based Yonhap news agency, several state-run Chinese
banks and some multinational companies are close to agreement on investments in
railroads, harbors and houses in North Korea.
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Donors’ mixed aid performance for 2010 sparks concern
OECD, February 17, 2010
A review by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) reveals a mixed picture on aid flows to
developing countries. Although aid has increased since 2004 by 35% and will reach
record levels in 2010, it will still amount to less than what was pledged at the
Gleneagles and Millennium + 5 summits, both of which took place in 2005.
Since most donors will actually meet their commitments, the
underperformance is attributable to significant shortfalls by only a few major donors.
The 2005 commitment by the 15 countries who are members of both the
European Union (EU) and the OECD Development Assistance Committee
(OECD/DAC) was to reach a minimum target in 2010 of 0.51% of their
gross national income (GNI) in official development assistance (ODA).
Sweden is the top performer in this group (1.03% of GNI in ODA),
followed in descending order by Luxembourg, Denmark, the Netherlands
Belgium, the UK, Finland, Ireland, and Spain. The remaining 6 countries – Austria,
France, Germany, Greece, Italy and Portugal – will not reach the target.
Commitments made by non-EU DAC members vary but most will be met.
Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the US all seem to be on track for the goals
they have set while Norway and Switzerland are at least maintaining their prevailing
aid levels. Japan, however, is short of meeting its Gleneagles promise to increase
ODA for the period 2005-2009 by $10 billion over its 2004 base-line. Japan’s ODA
for 2010 is not yet known, but OECD calculations assume the 2008 level.
Australia
Finland
New Zealand
Sweden
Commitments on track:
Belgium
Canada
Ireland
Luxembourg
Norway
UK
Switzerland
US
Denmark
Netherlands
Spain
Austria
Italy
Commitments off track:
France
Germany
Japan
Portugal
Greece
The net result of these countries’ positions is $27 billion in additional ODA
from 2004 to 2010 but a $21 billion shortfall between what donors promised in 2005
and what the OECD estimates for 2010. Of this $21 billion total, $17 billion is due to
lower-than-promised aid by the donors and $4 billion is due to lower-than-expected
GNI caused by the global economic crisis.
On the recipient side, one major effect of this donor performance is that Africa
is likely to get only about $12 billion of the $25 billion increase envisaged at
Gleneagles. This is because of underperformance by some European donors who
traditionally direct large shares of their ODA to Africa.
Information in available on the OECD website
http://www.oecd.org/document/20/0,3343,en_2649_34447_44617556_1_1_1_37413
,00.html
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issues in focus: focus on
UN Gets Rolling on Copenhagen Accord, Forms Finance Panel
New York Times online, February 12, 2010
The United Nations has begun to implement the provisions
of the Copenhagen Accord, the output document of the December
UNFCCC COP15 held in Copenhagen. Although the conference
and the Accord -- which was merely “noted” and not “approved” -were disappointing to most climate advocates, they did move the
process forward by introducing actionable measures.
One of the clearest actions called for is the creation of a high level panel to
“study the contribution of the potential sources of revenue, including alternative
sources of finance” (Paragraph 9). Prime Ministers Gordon Brown of the UK and
Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia will lead the panel whose membership will be equally
divided between developed and developing nations' governments.
The panel will investigate how to source some $30 billion annually for the
period 2010-2012, increasing to $100 billion annually by 2020. Paragraph 8 of the
Accord calls for these sums to be used to address the needs of
developing countries, including for climate change adaptation and
mitigation.
Much of the money is expected to flow through the
Copenhagen Green Climate Fund, which will be established as the
operating entity of the financial mechanism created by the COP15 (Paragraph 10).
The high level panel is scheduled to produce preliminary conclusions in May
or June. This would allow time for further negotiation to prepare a final plan for
presentation to the UNFCCC COP16 in Cancun, Mexico in December 2010.
It is extremely doubtful that progress can be made on a successor agreement
to the Kyoto Protocol sufficient to allow continuity of the Protocol’s financing
mechanisms: the clean development mechanism (CDM), emissions trading, and
joint implementation (JI). The Kyoto Protocol will expire in 2012.
The World Bank is moving strongly into the climate change area in terms both
of policy and financing. The World Development Report 2010 was subtitled
“Development and Climate Change” (JX 4:16 September 30, 2009) and two new
climate funds were established: the Carbon Partnership Facility and the Clean
Technology Fund. Developing countries, however, are opposed to World Bank
involvement because it is controlled by developed countries. They prefer the more
broadly based representation of the United Nations (JX 4:27 December 16, 2009).
The Copenhagen Accord is available at
http://www.denmark.dk/NR/rdonlyres/C41B62AB-4688-4ACE-BB7BF6D2C8AAEC20/0/copenhagen_accord.pdf
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How the rich-poor chasm sank Copenhagen summit
Australian online, February 13, 2010
China's fears of rich nation 'climate conspiracy' at
Copenhagen revealed
Guardian online, February 11, 2010
Differing concerns and interests among countries and
regions with respect to climate change management has stirred
political turmoil in determining how to proceed.
According to analysis in the Australian, concern among developing countries
that they might be required to sacrifice economic growth to the management of
climate change has opened an “unbridgeable chasm” with developed countries,
thereby preventing the completion of an international agreement legally binding on
all. This situation is apparent in the banding together of the so-called BASIC
countries of Brazil, South Africa, India and China to insure that no binding deal would
be reached at the Copenhagen COP15 summit.
The chasm is between the assumption among developing countries that any
measures adopted will recognize "common but differentiated" responsibilities, as
agreed at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, and a contradictory
assumption among developed countries that because times
have changed any successor agreement to the Kyoto Protocol
must be binding on all. The Kyoto Protocol incorporates the Rio
treaty terms and developing countries prefer to continue this
approach, rejecting any obligations that would be binding on them.
Rancor over which countries will be legally bound by an international
agreement and who is responsible for the prevailing confusion and uncertainty is
evident in a Chinese government think tank’s internal document obtained by the
Guardian. That document accuses wealthy countries in general of pursuing a
"conspiracy to divide the developing world" at the Copenhagen summit, and accuses
Canada and the EU in particular of "conniv[ing]" and acting "to please the United
States."
Despite the developing country solidarity referred to in the Australian, there
was a marked split in Copenhagen between those countries, such as China, for
whom greenhouse gas emissions signify economic growth and those, such as the
Maldives, whose very existence is threatened by climate change (JX 4:27 December
16, 2009).
item of
interest
World Bank Institute
computer game
WBI Launches EVOKE:
A Crash Course in Changing the World
World Bank Institute, February 2010
A new, massive multiplayer game has been created for use
by the World Bank Institute (WBI), the unit of the development bank occupied with
the exchange of knowledge. The game is called Evoke. It is an educational game
focused on youth social innovation and development. Information is available at
http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/news/2010/02/18/wbi-launches-evoke-crash-coursechanging-world
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Meetings and Conferences
Marketplace on Innovative Financial Solutions
for Development
March 4-5, 2010, Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, la Villette, Paris
Agence Française de Développement (AFD), the French aid agency, will host
the Marketplace on Innovative Financial Solutions for Development. This is an
international event designed to foster the creation of innovative financial
mechanisms to better address development challenges at all levels: global, regional,
and local.
More than 1000 attendees are expected at the 2-day event, which features
policy and technical workshops as well as presentations that showcase innovations.
Five winners of a grant competition on innovative financial solutions for development
will be selected and each will be awarded $100,000 to implement their proposals.
The Marketplace is being co-hosted by the World Bank and the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation, but much of the impetus for innovative approaches to
development comes from France. France also initiated the Leading Group on
Innovative Financing for Development (the Leading Group).
Information on the Marketplace is available at http://en.fininnov.org/
The Leading Group website is http://www.leadinggroup.org/rubrique20.html
publications and reports
Trade and Environment Review 2009-2010
UNCTAD, February 2010
UNCTAD is the UN agency focused on low-income and least development
counties. Its latest Trade and Environment Review 2009-2010 looks at the heavy
impact on those countries of the global financial crisis in which they played no part.
The report emphasizes that there are favorable opportunities inherent in the
overlapping economic/financial, climate, food and water crises. It characterizes them
as "defining parametres for policy-making today.”
These crises offer opportunities because an understanding of their causes
and effects can invite new policies supporting sustainable and strategic economic
activity. Three key areas for “green growth” are singled out: energy efficiency,
sustainable agriculture, and renewable energy for rural development. These are
areas with potential for high synergistic returns in agriculture-dependent poor
countries.
Information, including ordering and/or download instructions, is available at
http://www.unctad.org/Templates/webflyer.asp?docid=12579&intItemID=206
8&lang=1
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corner
Civil Society and Aid Effectiveness:
Findings, Recommendations and Good Practices
OECD Publishing, February 11, 2010
Donors and aid recipients have recognized that engagement
with civil society and non-governmental organizations is an important
aspect of improving aid effectiveness. This engagement is one of the tenets of the
2008 Accra Agenda for Action, which itself is a product of the 2005 Paris Declaration
on Aid Effectiveness. The underlying assumption is that aid effectiveness will be
enhanced if these organizations are recognized as development actors in their own
right.
The Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD/DAC) oversees the aid effectiveness program.
It hosts the Working Party on Aid Effectiveness which is the primary international
effectiveness partnership, and it has now prepared a guide to implementation of
Accra Agenda recommendations on civil society organization (CSO) participation.
The guide is meant for the broad development community: developing
country governments, aid donors, and development non-state actors from both
developing and developed countries. In addition to the Forward, Executive
Summary and Introduction, there are three substantive chapters: ▪Recognition and
Voice, ▪Civil Society and the Paris Declaration, and ▪CSO Effectiveness; for each of
these there is also a separate illustrative chapter. The guide concludes with a
discussion of ▪the Forward Agenda.
The book can be ordered at
http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/display.asp?sf1=identifiers&st1=432009081
P1&LANG=EN
The Accra Agenda and Paris Declaration are available on the OECD aid
effectiveness webpage:
http://www.oecd.org/department/0,3355,en_2649_3236398_1_1_1_1_1,00.html
China urges schools to shun relief agency
Japan Times, February 24, 2010, p 4
The government of China has told its schools not to interact with Oxfam Hong
Kong, accusing the NGO of having a hidden political agenda. Oxfam
Hong Kong oversees the organization’s mainland China activities.
Among other activities, it recruits members on Chinese campuses.
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