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CALL と言語テスト
&$//ゝㄒࢸࢫࢺ ᑿ ᗣ⿱㸦㜰Ꮫ ゝㄒᩥ◊✲⛉ ゝㄒᩥᑓᨷ㸧 ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆᩍ⫱⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊࡑࡢ ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡣ༢ඖࡈࡸᏛᮇᮎᏛ⩦⪅ ホ౯ࡶࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆ࠺ࡇࡀ⌮࡞ࡗ࡚ ࡀ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡁゝㄒ⬟ຊࡢ┠ᶆ࡞ࠊࢩࣛࣂ ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍᮦࢆసࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ᩍ࠼ ࢫࢆᇶᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᵓᡂᴫ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇẚ࡚ࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆࡗࡓ ᛕࢆᐇ㝿 ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࢸࢫࢺㄢ㢟࣭ၥ㢟ࡍࡿᡭ⥆ ホ౯ἲ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ឤ ࡁࠊ ࠕ᧯స㸦operationalization㸧ࠖࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲ ࡌࡲࡍࠋᅇࠊࡇࡢሙ࡛ᶵࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊゝ ࡾࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞⬟ຊࢆ࠺ ᐃࡍࡿࢆලయⓗỴ ㄒࢸࢫࢺࢆ୰ᚰࠊᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆ ࡵࡿసᴗ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᢅ࠺ᩥἲ㡯┠ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡗࡓホ౯࠾࠸࡚⪃៖ࡍࡁⅬ⤠ࡗ࡚࠾ヰࢆࡋ ၥ㢟ᙧᘧࡍࡿࠊࡲࡓࡢࡼ࠺᥇Ⅼࡍࡿ࡞ ࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋゝㄒࢸࢫࢺ⯡࡛ࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ ࢆỴࡵࡿẁ㝵࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ᧯సࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ ࣮⏝㛵ࡍࡿヲࡋ࠸㆟ㄽࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊChappelle ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆ࠺ࡢࡶ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲ and Douglas (2006) ࡸ Ockey (2009) ࡞ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚ ࡍࠋ ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆࡗࡓゝㄒ⬟ຊ ᐃࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ ࡲࡎࡣࠊホ౯ἲ࣭ゝㄒࢸࢫࢺ୍⯡ࡢヰࡽጞࡵࡲ ࡢ⣬࣮࣋ࢫࡢࢸࢫࢺྠࡌࡼ࠺㛗ᡤ࣭▷ᡤࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡍࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿྰ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ ⬟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋヲࡋࡃࡣ๓ฟࡢ Chappelle and ゝㄒ⬟ຊࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࠕࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠ Douglas (2006) ࡸ Ockey (2009) ࡞ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚ࡶ ⓗ࡛ࠖࠕఱࠖࢆ▱ࡾࡓ࠸ࡢࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾࡉࡏࡿࡇ ࡽ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋゝㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅ ࡃࡘࡢⅬࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝศࡅࠊゝㄒ⬟ຊࡢᢕᥱࠊᏛ⩦࣭⩦ᚓࡋࡓ ࡲࡎࠊ㛗ᡤࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1) CALL ᩍᮦྠࡌࡃࠊࡇ ࠺ࡢ☜ㄆ࡞ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊゝㄒ⬟ຊ୍⯡ࠊ≉ ࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⣬࣮࣋ࢫࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࣐ࣝࢳ ᐃࡢゝㄒ⬟ຊࠊᤵᴗ࡛ᢅࡗࡓゝㄒ⬟ຊ࡞ࢆ ᐃ࣭ ࣓ࢹࢆࡗࡓၥ㢟࡞ࡀసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ2) ၥ㢟ࡢ ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᙧᘧࡶࡼࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࢸࢫࢺ⤊ᚋࡍࡄ⤖ᯝࢆྵ ≉ᩍᐊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࠊᏛᮇ࣭༢ඖࡢึࡵ࡞ࠊ ࡵࡓࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆᏛ⩦⪅ᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿࠋ3) ࢸࢫ ࡑࡢᏛᮇ࣭༢ඖ࡛ᩍ࠼ࡿ༢ㄒࡸᩥἲ㡯┠ࠊࡲࡓࡣᢅ ࢺࢆཷࡅࡿ㛫ࠊሙᡤ࡞ࡢไ⣙ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠊ࡞ࠋ ࠺ෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿୖ࡛ᚲせ࡞ゝㄒ⬟ຊࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓ ▷ᡤࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1) ‽ഛ㈨※㛫ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡇ ࡵࠊ≉ᐃࡢゝㄒ⬟ຊࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ ࡀከ࠸ࠋ2) ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢไ⣙ࢆ ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ┠ᶆࡍࡿゝㄒ⬟ຊࢆ⩦ᚓ࣭Ꮫ ཷࡅࡿࠋ3) ࢸࢫࢺၥ㢟ࡢࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ ⩦ࡋࡓ࠺ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᤵᴗ࡛ᢅࡗࡓෆ ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠊ࡞ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢෆ࠸ࡃࡘࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽ ᐜࡸᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡁ⬟ຊࢆ༢ඖࢸࢫࢺࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫ ࡃ CALL ᩍᮦࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢺ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ ᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ ࡓࡔࠊࡇࡇ࡛ᣲࡆࡓ㛗ᡤ▷ᡤࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡃ ࠸ࡿホ౯ἲ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ูࡢ≀࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⾲୍య࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪂ࡋ࠸ ゝㄒࢸࢫࢺࡸᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡞ࡢ⏝ㄒ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ ᐃࡋ ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡇࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍ ࡓ࠸⬟ຊࡢࡇࢆࠕᵓᡂᴫᛕ㸦construct㸧ࠖゝ࠸ࡲ ࡀࠊఱ࡛ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋࠊࡑࡢ‽ഛ ࡍࠋ୍⯡ࡢⱥㄒ⬟ຊࢸࢫࢺ࡞࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒࢆ⪺ࡃ⬟ ᚲせ࡞ࡿேⓗࠊ㔠㖹ⓗ㈨※ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ ຊ࠸ࡗࡓゝㄒ⬟ຊࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ࡞ࡶࡍࡄᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿ 㸫㸫 ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡣࠊ๓ࡑࢀ࡞ࡾࡢ‽ഛࡀᚲせ࡞ ࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍ㔜せ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࢸࢫࢺࢆཷࡅࡿ㛫ࡸሙᡤࡢไ⣙ࡀ ࡞ࡃ࡞ࢀࡤᏛ⩦⪅ࡗ࡚ࡣ౽࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࢭ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ Chapelle, C. A. and Douglas, D. (2006). Assessing ࢸࢫࢺࢆཷࡅࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ language through computer technology. Cambridge, ᙳ㡪ࡀࡁࡅࢀࡤࡁ࠸㔜せ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᑠࢸ UK: Cambridge University Press. ࢫࢺࡸ⮬⩦⏝ࡢ⦎⩦ၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾၥ㢟࡞ࡽ Ockey, G. J. (2009). Developments and challenges in the ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ┿⪃࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ use of computer-based testing for assessing second ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ language ability. The Modern Language Journal, 93, 㜰Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆࡗࡓࢸ 836–847. ࢫࢺࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㌟㏆࡞≀ࡣࠊWebCT ࡢࢭࢫ࣓ࣥ ࢺࢶ࣮࡛ࣝࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࠊࡇࡢࢶ࣮ࣝࡣၥ㢟ᙧᘧ࡞ ࢆྵࡵࡓไ⣙ࡀከࡃࠊ‽ഛࡶ࡞ࡾࡢ㛫ࡀᚲ せ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ࠾ୡ㎡ࡶ࠸ࡸࡍ࠸≀ࡣゝ࠼ ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡢ㠃࡛ࡶࠊ⮬⩦⏝ࡸᑠ ࢸࢫࢺࡋ࡚࠺ࡣࡑࢀၥ㢟ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ ᮇᮎࢸࢫࢺ࡛࠺ࡣᚰࡶ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡛ ࡣࠊᩍဨ⏝ࢆಁࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ⏝ࡍࡿᩍဨ ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࡋࡽࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊཷࡅධࢀࡽ ࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀ௨እࡢࢶ࣮ࣝࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡛ ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡽࡍࡄࢸ ࢫࢺ࡛࠺ࡁ࠸࠺ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋୖ࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊఱࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡣࠊ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠ⓗ࡛ఱࢆ▱ࡾࡓ࠸㸦 ᐃࡋࡓ࠸㸧 ࡽ⪃࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋOckey (2009) ࡀゝཬ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࡛ྍ⬟࡞ࡗ ࡓࡽ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟ᙧᘧࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇࡣ ࡚ࡶ༴㝤࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ᙧᘧ࡛ ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࡀࠊ┠ⓗἢࡗࡓ≀࡛ࠊ ᐃࡋࡓ࠸ ⬟ຊ㸦ᵓᡂᴫᛕ㸧୍⮴ࡍࡿ࡞ࢆ༑ศ᳨ドࡍࡿ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌧ሙࡢᩍဨࡗ࡚ࡣࠊၥ 㢟సᡂࠊ᥇Ⅼ㸦ࡢ‽ഛ㸧࡞ࡢ㈇ᢸࡀ㍍࠸ࡇࡀ ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ⌧≧࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡔࡲࡔၥ㢟Ⅼࡶከ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ ࡣࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆࡗࡓホ౯ἲ࣭ࢸࢫࢺࡀᬑཬ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣ㛫㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋCALL ◊✲⪅ゝ ㄒࢸࢫࢺ◊✲⪅ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚ࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢆ⏝ ࡋࡓጇᙜᛶࡢ㧗࠸ホ౯ἲ࣭ࢸࢫࢺࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ 㸫㸫