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大学時代における男性性・女性性の発達

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大学時代における男性性・女性性の発達
䝆䜵䞁䝎䞊㻌 㻝㻼㻹㻝㻟㻣㻌
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
኱Ꮫ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࡢⓎ㐩
̿ Japanese Gender Role Index ࢆ⏝࠸࡚̿
᱇⏣ᜨ⨾Ꮚ
㸦㛵すᏛ㝔኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊⥲ྜᚰ⌮⛉Ꮫ⛉㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࠊ኱Ꮫ⏕ࠊᑵ⫋άື
Development of Gender Role Personality in College Students
Emiko Katurada
(Dept. of Integrated Psychological Science, Kwansei Gakuin Univ.)
Key words: Gender-role personality, development, college students
࠙┠ⓗࠚ
Block (1973)ࡣ⮬ᡃࡢⓎ㐩(ego development)࡜ᛶᙺ๭≉ᛶࡢⓎ
㐩ࡀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣔࢹࣝࢆᥦၐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝ
࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊLoevinger (1966, 1970)ࡢ⮬ᡃࡢⓎ㐩ࡢ᭱㧗ࣞ࣋ࣝ
࡛࠶ࡿ⤫ྜࡢẁ㝵㸦integrated stage㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏨ᛶᛶ࡜ዪᛶ
ᛶࡀ⤫ྜࡉࢀ࢔ࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࡢᛶᙺ๭≉ᛶࡀฟ᮶ୖࡀࡿࠋࡘ
ࡲࡾࠊே᱁ⓗ࡟ᡂ㛗㸦ᡂ⇍㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿಶேࡣᛶᙺ๭≉ᛶ࡟࠾
࠸࡚࢔ࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠺ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ Block
ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ኱Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚☜࠿ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖺ㱋ࡀ㧗ࡅࢀࡤ⮬ᡃࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ୍៓࡟ࡣゝ
࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ኱Ꮫ⏕άࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿᑵ⫋άືࡣ኱
Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ᙧᡂ࡟㔜せ࡞ព࿡ࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡀゝࢃ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤࠊୗᒣ㸪1986㸹㧗ᮧ㸪1997㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᏊ▷
኱⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᑵ⫋άື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᕫ࡜
⫋ᴗࡢ⌮ゎ࣭⤫ྜࡸᑵ⫋άື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫ
ᡂ㛗ຊࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᾆୖ㸪
1996㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ
኱Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 4 ᖺ⏕ࢆᏛᖺࡸᖺ㱋࡛ศࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᑵ
⫋άືࡢ⛬ᗘ࡛ศࡅࠊᛶᙺ๭≉ᛶ㸦⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶ㸧ࡢ㐪࠸
ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
࠙᪉ἲࠚ
ᑐ㇟⪅㸸 㛵すࡢ⚾❧኱Ꮫ࡟㏻࠺ 1 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 4 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕
498 ྡ㸦⏨ᛶ 160 ྡࠊዪᛶ 338 ྡ㸧࡛ࠊᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 20.03 ṓ (⠊
ᅖ㸸18㹼27 ṓ) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࡢᡤᒓᏛ㒊ࡣᩥᏛ㒊ࠊ⤒῭Ꮫ
㒊ࠊἲᏛ㒊ࠊၟᏛ㒊࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᗘ㸸 ಶேࡢᛶᙺ๭ᛶ᱁≉ᛶࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ Japanese
Gender Role Index (JGRI; Sugihara & Katsurada, 2002)ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ
ࡓࠋJGRI ࡣ Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974)ࡢసᡂ
㐣⛬ࢆ㋃くࡋࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢࡼࡾ㐺ษ࡞ᛶᙺ๭ᛶ᱁≉ᛶࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼
ࡿ ᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㸦㛤Ⓨ㐣⛬ࠊጇᙜᛶࠊಙ㢗ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡣ Sugihara & Katsurada, 2002 ཧ↷㸧ࠋJGRI ࡣ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶ
ᛶࢆ⾲ࡍᩥゝྛࠎ10 ಶ࡜⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚᫂☜࡟ุู࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸ᩥゝ 10 ಶࡢྜィ 30 ಶ࠿ࡽᡂࡿࠋ⏨ᛶᛶࢆ⾲ࡍᩥゝࡣࠊ
ࠕ⾜ືຊࡀ
ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆྲྀࡿ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ
ࠕពᚿࡀᙉ࠸ࠖ
࠶ࡿࠖ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋዪᛶᛶࢆ⾲ࡍᩥゝࡣࠕ⣧⢋ࠖࠕࡋ࡜ࡸ࠿ࠖ
ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᩥゝࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ
⮬ศ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ㸯㸦ᑡࡋࡶᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸㸧࠿ࡽ㸵
㸦㠀ᖖ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ㸧ࡢ㸵ẁ㝵࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋ
ᑵ⫋άືࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㸯㸬ᑵ⫋ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᥇⏝ヨ㦂㸦㠃
᥋࣭➹グヨ㦂㸧ࢆཷࡅࡓࠊ㸰㸬㈨ᩱ㞟ࡵࡸ᥇⏝ヨ㦂ࡢࡓࡵࡢ
ຮᙉࢆࡋࡓࠊ㸱㸬ᑵ⫋࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ඲ࡃఱࡶࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊࡢ 3
ࡘࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊ⮬ศࡀ࡝ࡢ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋ
࠙⤖ᯝࠚ
኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢᑵ⫋άື㸦௨ୗࠊᑵά࡜␎㸧ࡢ≧ἣูேᩘࡣࠊ᥇⏝
ヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊ309 ྡ㸦62㸣㸧ࠊᑵάࡢ‽ഛẁ㝵࡛
࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ 84 ྡ㸦16.9㸣㸧ࠊᑵάࡣ඲ࡃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ 105 ྡ
㸦21.1㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᑵά≧ἣู࡟⏨ᛶᛶ࡜ዪᛶᛶࡢᕪ␗ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟୍せᅉ
ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊ⏨ዪ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⏨ᛶᛶ࡜ዪᛶᛶ
ࡢព࿡ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ㐪࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊ⏨ዪูࠎ࡟ศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⏨ዪඹ࡟⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶ࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽ
ࢀࡓ㸦⏨ᛶࡢ⏨ᛶᛶࡣ F(2, 150)㸻18.89, p<.001ࠊዪᛶᛶࡣ F(2,
159)=5.88, p<.01ࠋዪᛶࡢ⏨ᛶᛶࡣ F(2, 327)=6.83, p<.01ࠊዪᛶ
ᛶࡣ F(2, 323)=8.27, p <.001㸧ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ⾲㸯ཧ↷ࠋ
᭦࡟ࠊᑵά≧ἣูࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ๭ྜࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࠋࢪ
࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࢱ࢖ࣉࡣ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࡢ୰ኸ್ᢡ༙ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ
࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢔ࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࠊዪᛶᛶඃ఩ᆺࠊ⏨ᛶᛶඃ఩ᆺࠊᮍ
ศ໬ᆺࡢ㸲ࢱ࢖ࣉ࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⏨Ꮚࡢሙྜࠊᑵά
῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ࢔ࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࢱ࢖ࣉࡀ᭱ࡶከࡃ(74.5%)ࠊ
ᑵάࢆ඲ࡃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣᮍศ໬ᆺࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓ
(42.9%)ࠋዪᏊࡢሙྜࡶྠᵝ࡛ࠊᑵά῭ࡢ࢔ࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࢱ࢖
ࣉࡣ 40%࡛᭱ࡶከࡃࠊᑵάࢆ඲ࡃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ࡢᮍศ໬ᆺࡀ
50.9%࡜᭱ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸬ᑵά≧ἣูࡢ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࡢᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ್㸧
ᑵά῭
ᑵά‽ഛ
ᑵά࡞ࡋ
37.38(11.61)b
34.27(10.04)b
46.45(11.82)a
㸦⏨㸧⏨ᛶᛶ
41.36(10.25)ab 37.83(10.71)b
44.20(9.89)a
ዪᛶᛶ
a
36.80(10.55)a
32.95(9.66)b
37.54(8.58)
㸦ዪ㸧⏨ᛶᛶ
a
ab
38.00(7.14)
34.73(8.76)b
39.70(9.89)
ዪᛶᛶ
࠙⪃ᐹࠚ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ᛶᙺ๭≉ᛶࡣ⮬ᕫࡢᡂ㛗㸦ᡂ⇍㸧
࡟క࠸ࠊ⏨ᛶᛶࡶዪᛶᛶࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ࢔ࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࡀከ࠸
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊBlock(1973)ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ
ᨭᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋJGRI ࡣ BSRI ࡟⩦࠸ࠊ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶ
ࡢ≉ᛶࡣ඲࡚᪥ᮏࡢ♫఍࡟ᮃࡲࢀࡿ≉ᛶ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲ
ࡾࠊ⮬ᕫࡢᡂ㛗࡟క࠸ࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡟୧ᛶ࡟ᮃࡲࢀࡿ≉ᛶࢆ⋓ᚓ
ࡍࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢᑵά≧ἣࢆ⮬ᕫࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ♧ࡍᣦᶆ࡜
ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㢮ࡋࡓࡀࠊᑵάࡣᙜ↛Ꮫᖺ㸦ᖺ㱋㸧
࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᑵάࡀᮏᙜ࡟⮬ᕫᡂ㛗ࢆព࿡
ࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᩒ࠼࡚ᖺ㱋ࢆ
⤫ไࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃᑵάࢆせᅉ࡜ࡍࡿ༢⣧࡞ศᩓศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞
ࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᑵάࢆ⤒㦂ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᡂ㛗ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᖺ㱋ࡀ♧ࡍᡂ㛗ࡶྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
௒ ᚋ ࡢ ㄢ 㢟 ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ ኱ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡢ ⮬ ᡃ ࡢ Ⓨ 㐩 (ego
development)ࢆࡼࡾ┤᥋ⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ ᐃࡋࠊᛶᙺ๭≉ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵
㐃ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᶓ᩿ⓗ࡟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⦪᩿ⓗ࡟ᛶ
ᙺ๭≉ᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࢆぢࡿࡢࡶ⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋ
̿ 1282 ̿
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