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大学時代における男性性・女性性の発達
䝆䜵䞁䝎䞊㻌 㻝㻼㻹㻝㻟㻣㻌 ᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌 Ꮫ௦࠾ࡅࡿ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࡢⓎ㐩 ̿ Japanese Gender Role Index ࢆ⏝࠸࡚̿ ᱇⏣ᜨ⨾Ꮚ 㸦㛵すᏛ㝔ᏛᩥᏛ㒊⥲ྜᚰ⌮⛉Ꮫ⛉㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࠊᏛ⏕ࠊᑵ⫋άື Development of Gender Role Personality in College Students Emiko Katurada (Dept. of Integrated Psychological Science, Kwansei Gakuin Univ.) Key words: Gender-role personality, development, college students ࠙┠ⓗࠚ Block (1973)ࡣ⮬ᡃࡢⓎ㐩(ego development)ᛶᙺ≉ᛶࡢⓎ 㐩ࡀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࣔࢹࣝࢆᥦၐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝ ࡼࡿࠊLoevinger (1966, 1970)ࡢ⮬ᡃࡢⓎ㐩ࡢ᭱㧗ࣞ࣋ࣝ ࡛࠶ࡿ⤫ྜࡢẁ㝵㸦integrated stage㸧࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏨ᛶᛶዪᛶ ᛶࡀ⤫ྜࡉࢀࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࡢᛶᙺ≉ᛶࡀฟ᮶ୖࡀࡿࠋࡘ ࡲࡾࠊே᱁ⓗᡂ㛗㸦ᡂ⇍㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿಶேࡣᛶᙺ≉ᛶ࠾ ࠸࡚ࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠺ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ Block ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆᏛ⏕࠾࠸࡚☜ࡵࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ ᖺ㱋ࡀ㧗ࡅࢀࡤ⮬ᡃࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ୍៓ࡣゝ ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊᏛ⏕άࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫┤㠃ࡍࡿᑵ⫋άືࡣ Ꮫ⏕ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸᙧᡂ㔜せ࡞ពࢆࡶࡘࡇࡀゝࢃ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦࠼ࡤࠊୗᒣ㸪1986㸹㧗ᮧ㸪1997㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᏊ▷ ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᑵ⫋άື࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᕫ ⫋ᴗࡢ⌮ゎ࣭⤫ྜࡸᑵ⫋άື࠾ࡅࡿࡾ㏉ࡾࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫ ᡂ㛗ຊࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᾆୖ㸪 1996㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡽ 4 ᖺ⏕ࢆᏛᖺࡸᖺ㱋࡛ศࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᑵ ⫋άືࡢ⛬ᗘ࡛ศࡅࠊᛶᙺ≉ᛶ㸦⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶ㸧ࡢ㐪࠸ ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ ࠙᪉ἲࠚ ᑐ㇟⪅㸸 㛵すࡢ⚾❧Ꮫ㏻࠺ 1 ᖺࡽ 4 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ⏕ 498 ྡ㸦⏨ᛶ 160 ྡࠊዪᛶ 338 ྡ㸧࡛ࠊᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 20.03 ṓ (⠊ ᅖ㸸18㹼27 ṓ) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࡢᡤᒓᏛ㒊ࡣᩥᏛ㒊ࠊ⤒῭Ꮫ 㒊ࠊἲᏛ㒊ࠊၟᏛ㒊࡞࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᗘ㸸 ಶேࡢᛶᙺᛶ᱁≉ᛶࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ Japanese Gender Role Index (JGRI; Sugihara & Katsurada, 2002)ࢆ⏝ࡋ ࡓࠋJGRI ࡣ Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974)ࡢసᡂ 㐣⛬ࢆ㋃くࡋࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢࡼࡾ㐺ษ࡞ᛶᙺᛶ᱁≉ᛶࢆࡽ࠼ ࡿ ᗘࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㸦㛤Ⓨ㐣⛬ࠊጇᙜᛶࠊಙ㢗ᛶࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣ Sugihara & Katsurada, 2002 ཧ↷㸧ࠋJGRI ࡣ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶ ᛶࢆ⾲ࡍᩥゝྛࠎ10 ಶ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࡋ࡚᫂☜ุู࡛ ࡁ࡞࠸ᩥゝ 10 ಶࡢྜィ 30 ಶࡽᡂࡿࠋ⏨ᛶᛶࢆ⾲ࡍᩥゝࡣࠊ ࠕ⾜ືຊࡀ ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆྲྀࡿ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ ࠕពᚿࡀᙉ࠸ࠖ ࠶ࡿࠖ࡞࡛࠶ࡿࠋዪᛶᛶࢆ⾲ࡍᩥゝࡣࠕ⣧⢋ࠖࠕࡋࡸࠖ ࠕࢃ࠸࠸ࠖ࡞࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᩥゝࡀࡢ⛬ᗘ ⮬ศᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡢࢆ㸯㸦ᑡࡋࡶᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸㸧ࡽ㸵 㸦㠀ᖖᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ㸧ࡢ㸵ẁ㝵࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋ ᑵ⫋άືࡢ⛬ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㸯㸬ᑵ⫋ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᥇⏝ヨ㦂㸦㠃 ᥋࣭➹グヨ㦂㸧ࢆཷࡅࡓࠊ㸰㸬㈨ᩱ㞟ࡵࡸ᥇⏝ヨ㦂ࡢࡓࡵࡢ ຮᙉࢆࡋࡓࠊ㸱㸬ᑵ⫋㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࡃఱࡶࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊࡢ 3 ࡘࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊ⮬ศࡀࡢ≧ែ࠶ࡿࡢࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋ ࠙⤖ᯝࠚ Ꮫ⏕ࡢᑵ⫋άື㸦௨ୗࠊᑵά␎㸧ࡢ≧ἣูேᩘࡣࠊ᥇⏝ ヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅࡓࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊ309 ྡ㸦62㸣㸧ࠊᑵάࡢ‽ഛẁ㝵࡛ ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ 84 ྡ㸦16.9㸣㸧ࠊᑵάࡣࡃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ 105 ྡ 㸦21.1㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᑵά≧ἣู⏨ᛶᛶዪᛶᛶࡢᕪ␗ࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ୍せᅉ ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊ⏨ዪࡗ࡚⏨ᛶᛶዪᛶᛶ ࡢពࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ㐪࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊ⏨ዪูࠎศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⏨ዪඹ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࡕࡽࡶ᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽ ࢀࡓ㸦⏨ᛶࡢ⏨ᛶᛶࡣ F(2, 150)㸻18.89, p<.001ࠊዪᛶᛶࡣ F(2, 159)=5.88, p<.01ࠋዪᛶࡢ⏨ᛶᛶࡣ F(2, 327)=6.83, p<.01ࠊዪᛶ ᛶࡣ F(2, 323)=8.27, p <.001㸧ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ⾲㸯ཧ↷ࠋ ᭦ࠊᑵά≧ἣูࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࢱࣉࡢྜࢆㄪࡓࠋࢪ ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࢱࣉࡣ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࡢ୰ኸ್ᢡ༙ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ ࡼࡾࠊࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࠊዪᛶᛶඃᆺࠊ⏨ᛶᛶඃᆺࠊᮍ ศᆺࡢ㸲ࢱࣉศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⏨Ꮚࡢሙྜࠊᑵά ῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࢱࣉࡀ᭱ࡶከࡃ(74.5%)ࠊ ᑵάࢆࡃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣᮍศᆺࡀ᭱ࡶከࡗࡓ (42.9%)ࠋዪᏊࡢሙྜࡶྠᵝ࡛ࠊᑵά῭ࡢࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࢱ ࣉࡣ 40%࡛᭱ࡶከࡃࠊᑵάࢆࡃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ࡢᮍศᆺࡀ 50.9%᭱ࡶከࡗࡓࠋ ⾲㸯㸬ᑵά≧ἣูࡢ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶࡢᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ್㸧 ᑵά῭ ᑵά‽ഛ ᑵά࡞ࡋ 37.38(11.61)b 34.27(10.04)b 46.45(11.82)a 㸦⏨㸧⏨ᛶᛶ 41.36(10.25)ab 37.83(10.71)b 44.20(9.89)a ዪᛶᛶ a 36.80(10.55)a 32.95(9.66)b 37.54(8.58) 㸦ዪ㸧⏨ᛶᛶ a ab 38.00(7.14) 34.73(8.76)b 39.70(9.89) ዪᛶᛶ ࠙⪃ᐹࠚ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⏕࠾࠸࡚ᛶᙺ≉ᛶࡣ⮬ᕫࡢᡂ㛗㸦ᡂ⇍㸧 క࠸ࠊ⏨ᛶᛶࡶዪᛶᛶࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࣥࢻࣟࢪࢽ࣮ࡀከ࠸ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊBlock(1973)ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ ᨭᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋJGRI ࡣ BSRI ⩦࠸ࠊ⏨ᛶᛶ࣭ዪᛶᛶ ࡢ≉ᛶࡣ࡚᪥ᮏࡢ♫ᮃࡲࢀࡿ≉ᛶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲ ࡾࠊ⮬ᕫࡢᡂ㛗క࠸ࠊ♫ⓗ୧ᛶᮃࡲࢀࡿ≉ᛶࢆ⋓ᚓ ࡍࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡢᑵά≧ἣࢆ⮬ᕫࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ♧ࡍᣦᶆ ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ศ㢮ࡋࡓࡀࠊᑵάࡣᙜ↛Ꮫᖺ㸦ᖺ㱋㸧 ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᑵάࡀᮏᙜ⮬ᕫᡂ㛗ࢆព ࡍࡿࡢ࠺ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᩒ࠼࡚ᖺ㱋ࢆ ⤫ไࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃᑵάࢆせᅉࡍࡿ༢⣧࡞ศᩓศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡍࡇࡣࠊᑵάࢆ⤒㦂ࡍ ࡿࡇࡼࡿᡂ㛗ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᖺ㱋ࡀ♧ࡍᡂ㛗ࡶྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡞ࡿࠋ ᚋ ࡢ ㄢ 㢟 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡢ ⮬ ᡃ ࡢ Ⓨ 㐩 (ego development)ࢆࡼࡾ┤᥋ⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ ᐃࡋࠊᛶᙺ≉ᛶࡢ㛵 㐃ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᶓ᩿ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⦪᩿ⓗᛶ ᙺ≉ᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࢆぢࡿࡢࡶ⯆῝࠸ࠋ ̿ 1282 ̿