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CVMによる災害発生後における歴史的景観復興の経済評価 - R-Cube
Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟 Vol. 3㸦2009ᖺ6᭶㸧 CVM ࡼࡿ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ᚋ࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗᬒほ⯆ࡢ⤒῭ホ౯ ̿ி㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿศᯒ̿ Economic Valuation of the Historic Landscape Restoration from Disasters: A Case Study using the CVM in Kyoto, Japan ᮧ୰ுኵ1࣭୰㇂ᶞ2 Akio Muranaka, Tomoki Nakaya 1❧㤋ᏛᩥᏛ㒊 ㅮᖌ㸦ࠛ603-8577 ி㒔ᕷ༊➼ᣢ㝔⏫56-1㸧 Lecturer, Dept. of Geography, Ritsumeikan University 2❧㤋ᏛᩥᏛ㒊 ᩍᤵ㸦ࠛ603-8577 ி㒔ᕷ༊➼ᣢ㝔⏫56-1㸧 Associate Professor, Dept. of Geography, Ritsumeikan University The aim of this paper is to value the historic landscape restoration using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The assumption for this case study is that the historic landscape of Kyoto is completely devastated by natural or human disasters. The results from grouped data regression analysis of willingness to pay (WTP) for the landscape restoration are as follows: (1) individual WTP is significantly determined by household income, age (30s-50s), and occupational status, (2) population WTP for landscape restoration is estimated to total ¥21.30 - 121.63 billion in 10 years correcting for sampling bias with age and occupational variables, (3) historic landscape conservation is an important part of the agenda for disaster mitigation of cultural heritage to be examined in the future. Key Words : disaster mitigation of cultural heritage, historic landscape, CVM (contingent valuation method), WTP (willingness to pay), Kyoto 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ⅏ᐖࡢⓎ⏕ࡼࡿṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ႙ኻࢆᐃࡋࠊ㏆ᖺࠊ⎔ቃ⤒῭Ꮫ࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡿ⎔ቃ⤒῭ ホ౯ἲࢆ⏝ࡋࠊᆅᇦࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞Ṕྐⓗᬒほࢆ⿕⅏ࡽ⯆ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡿ౽┈ࢆ⤒῭ⓗホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ ᩥ࣭ⱁ⾡Ỉ‽ࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿᩥᨻ⟇࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡦࡘࡢせ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭷ᙧ࣭↓ᙧࡢᩥ㈈ࢆྵࡵࠊ ᗈࡃᩥ㈈ࡢಖࡸά⏝ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 1㸧ࠋࡾࢃࡅࠊ㌟㏆Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ᭷ᙧ࣭↓ᙧࡢᩥ㈈ࡣࠊ ᩥ㈈ಖㆤࡢἲไᗘࡼࡗ࡚ಖㆤࡢᑐ㇟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊᆅᇦ⊂≉ࡢᬒほࡢฟ࡞ࢆ㏻ ࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦࡢάᛶ࣭ࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓṔྐⓗᬒほࡢಖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᬒほᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ ṧᏑ≧ἣࡸά⏝ࡢᐇែᢕᥱࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ 2-4㸧ࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ㐺ษ࡞⟶⌮ࡸࡑࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ ࡁࡓࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡢಖ⥅ᢎၥ㢟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆಖࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ⤒῭ຠᯝࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ ◊✲ࡶ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ⃝ᮧࡣṔྐⓗᬒほࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ⣲ࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㑇㊧ಖᏑ╔┠ࡋࠊࡑࡢಖ Ꮡࡼࡿ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ຠᯝࢆ᮶ゼ⪅ᑐࡍࡿࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢹ࣮ࢱࡸ⤫ィ㈨ᩱࢆ⏝ࡋ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 5-6㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪤ Ꮡ⤫ィᫎࡉࢀ࡞࠸Ṕྐⓗᬒほಖࡢ⤒῭ⓗഃ㠃ࢆࠊ⎔ቃ⤒῭ホ౯ἲࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ௬ᕷሙホ౯ἲ 㸦Contingent valuation method: CVM㸧ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ 7-8㸧ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿホ ౯ ᗘࡣ⎔ቃࡢ㉁ࡢ⥔ᣢࡸኚᑐࡍࡿᨭᡶពᛮ㢠㸦Willingness to pay: WTP㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡢᣢࡘ 1 −245− ⏝౯್ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ౯್ࡸ㑇㉗౯್ࠊᏑᅾ౯್࡞ 1㸧ࡢ㠀⏝౯್ࢆྵࡵࡓ౯್ࢆ⤒῭ⓗィ ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗᬒほࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ⣲࡞ࡿᘓ㐀≀ࡢከࡃࡣ⠏ᚋᖺᩘࡀ㛗࠸ࡇࡽࡶ⅏ᐖ ᑐࡋ࡚⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⅏ᐖࡼࡿ႙ኻࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆᖖᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ 9㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕࠾ࡅࡿᚲ㡲ࡢ ㄢ㢟࡞ࡿ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢෆᐜࡋ࡚ࠊேᩆຓࡸ㈈⏘ಖㆤࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ ࠾ࡅࡿᩥ㈈ࡢಖㆤࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ༑ศ㆟ㄽࡀᑾࡃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᘓ⠏≀ࡀ⅏ᐖࡼࡗ࡚◚ᦆ࡞࠸ ࡋࡣ႙ኻࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢಟ࣭⯆ 10-11㸧ࡣ⭾࡞ປຊࡶᕧ㢠ࡢ㈝⏝ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᘓ⠏≀ࡣ⚾ⓗ㈈ࡋ࡚ࡢഃ㠃ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎබඹ㈈ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ࡶᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᕷሙ ࡛౯᱁ࢆࡅࡿࡇࡀᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆබඹ㈈ࡋ࡚බⓗ㈝⏝ࡽಟ࣭⯆ࡍࡿ㝿 ࡶࠊࡑࡢጇᙜᛶࢆࡅࡿᮦᩱࡣᴟࡵ࡚ஈࡋ࠸ࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⏝౯್㠀⏝౯್ࢆྵࡵ࡚ホ౯࡛ࡁࡿCVMࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊி㒔ᕷࢆ ⅏ᐖᚋṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⯆ࡼࡾ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ౽┈ࢆィ ࡋࠊᩥ㈈㜵⅏ࡢព⩏ࢆ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ほⅬࡽ㆟ㄽࡍ ࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ 㸰㸬◊✲ࡢ᪉ἲ ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦホ౯ᑐ㇟㈈ ᮏ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦࡣࠊྛ✀ࡢᩥ㈈ಖㆤไᗘࡼࡾఏ⤫ⓗᘓ㐀≀ࡸṔྐⓗ࡞⏫୪ࡳࠊ═ᮃᬒほࡢಖࡀᅗࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿி㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᚋୡ⥅ᢎࡍࡁṔྐⓗᬒほࡀṧᏑࡍࡿ㒔ᕷࢆྂ㒔ࡋࠊி㒔ᕷࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᅜ 10 ᕷ ⏫ᮧ࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗᬒほࡢಖࡀྂ㒔ಖᏑἲ㸦ྂ㒔࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗ㢼ᅵࡢಖᏑ㛵ࡍࡿ≉ูᥐ⨨ἲ㸧 12㸧ࢆ ୰ᚰᩥ㈈ಖㆤἲ࡞ࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ 10 ᕷ⏫ᮧࡢ࡞࡛ࡶி㒔ࡣ㛗ᮇࢃࡓࡿ᪥ᮏࡢᨻ ࡸᩥࡢ୰ᚰᆅ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➨ḟୡ⏺ᡓ࠾ࡅࡿつᶍ࡞ᡓத⅏ᐖࡼࡿṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ႙ኻࢆᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊி㒔࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗᬒほ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡢ㒔ᕷẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᘓ㐀≀ࡸ ⏫୪ࡳࡀẚ㍑ⓗⰋዲ࡞≧ែ࡛ṧᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᬒほᵓᡂせ⣲ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿி㒔ࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࡣࠊ1930 ᖺᅜඛ㥑ࡅ࡚㒔ᕷෆࡢ⮬↛ ⎔ቃࢆಖࡍࡿࡓࡵᑟධࡉࢀࡓ㢼⮴ᆅ༊ไᗘࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊᩥ㈈ಖㆤἲࡸி㒔ᕷᕷ⾤ᆅᬒほᩚഛ᮲ᇶ࡙ ࡃᵝࠎ࡞ἲไᗘࡼࡗ࡚ಖࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ 13-14㸧ࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⮬↛⅏ᐖࡸேⅭⓗ⅏ᐖࢆྵࡵࡓ⅏ᐖᑐࡍࡿ༴ᶵ⟶⌮ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠊ㜵⅏ᑐ⟇ࠊ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ ࠾ࡅࡿ⅏ᐖᪧࠊࡑࡋ࡚⅏ᐖⓎ⏕Ⅼࡽ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞どⅬ࡛ࡢ⯆ࢆᅗࡿ⅏ᐖ⯆ࡀ࠶ࡿ 15㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛Ṕྐⓗ ᬒほࡢಖࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⅏ᐖ⯆ィ⏬ࡢẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㏆ᖺࠊᆅᇦ᰿ᕪࡋࡓ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᬒほࡢ⯆ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡶ㆟ㄽࡢᑐ㇟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 16㸧ࠋࡾࢃࡅி㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ࢆᐃࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ᩥ㈈㜵⅏ࡢ ヨࡳࡋ࡚ࠊᕷෆᇦ࡛ᩥ㈈ᕷẸࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗయไࢆᬑཬࡋࡓࡾΎỈᆅ༊࠾࠸࡚ᩥ㈈ಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢỈ ࢆᩚഛࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 17-19㸧ࠋ ศᯒࢹ࣮ࢱ D ᨭᡶពᛮ㢠㸦:73㸧 CVMࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⎔ቃ⤒῭ホ౯◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⿕㦂⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡋࡤࡋࡤㄪᰝ⚊ࢆ⏝࠸࡚WTP㛵ࡍࡿሗ ࢆᚓࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ⿕㦂⪅ࡢᣢࡘホ౯ᑐ㇟㈈㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑㔞ࡀከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡼࡿホ౯㢠ࡢಙ㢗పୗࢆ㑊 ࡅࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࠊホ౯ᑐ㇟㈈㛵ࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞ሗࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢሗᥦ౪ࡢᡭẁࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᡭἲࡀ ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣWTP㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࢆၥ࠺๓ホ౯ᑐ㇟㈈㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࢆၥ࠺ࡇ࡛ሗࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠊձṔྐⓗᬒほࡢἲไᗘࠊղṔྐⓗᬒほࡢᯝࡓࡍᙺࠊճṔྐⓗᬒほࡢᢪ࠼ࡿ⮬ ↛࣭ேⅭⓗ⅏ᐖࣜࢫࢡࠊմṔྐⓗᬒほࡢᣢࡘ౯್ࠊյṔྐⓗᬒほࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࠊ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯┠⩌࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠⩌㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࡶࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞WTP㛵ࡍࡿࢩࢼࣜ࢜㉁ၥࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ1㸧ࠋ ࡲࡎࠊி㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚⮬↛⅏ᐖ࡞࠸ࡋࡣேⅭⓗ⅏ᐖࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡀ◚ቯࡉࢀࡓ≧ἣ㸦q1㸧ࢆ⿕㦂 ⪅ീࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡀ◚ቯࡉࢀࡓ≧ἣࡣࠊி㒔ᕷෆ㐢ᅾࡍࡿṔྐⓗᬒほࢆᵓᡂ ࡍࡿせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿᮌ㐀ᘓ⠏≀ࡸ㏆௦ᘓ⠏≀ࠊ⏫୪ࡳࡀ႙ኻࡋࡓ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊq0ࡣ๓ࡢ⎔ቃࡢ㉁ࠊq1ࡣ ᚋࡢ⎔ቃࡢ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟࠊࡇࡢ◚ቯࡉࢀࡓṔྐⓗᬒほ㸦q1㸧ࡢ≧ἣࡽ⌧≧ࡢி㒔ࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ≧ἣ 2 −246− ௬ࡢヰ࡛ࡍࡀࠊி㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚⮬↛⅏ᐖ࡞࠸ࡋࡣேⅭⓗ⅏ᐖࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࡀ ᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡓ≧ἣࢆീࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࠊ⅏ᐖᚋி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࢆ⯆ࡍ ⯆ᇶ㔠ࠖࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡿࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᇶ㔠ࢆᨭ ࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࠕྂ㒔ி㒔ࡢṔྐⓗᬒほ⅏ᐖ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ ᖺ ᭶ࡽẖ ẖᖺ࠸ࡃࡽ㈇ᢸࡋ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨭᡶࡣ ᖺ㛫 ⥆ࡁࡲࡍࠋᅇࡉࢀࡓ㔠㢠ࡣࠊ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ᚋࡢி㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗᬒほ⯆ࡢཎ≧ᅇࡢࡓࡵࠊ 㢠ࡀ࡚ࡽࢀࡿࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᅗ1 WTP㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ ⾲1 ㄪᰝ⚊ࡢᅇ⋡ ィ⏬ᶆᮏ ᭷ຠⓎಙ࣭㓄ᕸᩘ ᮍ㐩ᩘ ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ᩘ ᭷ຠᅇ⟅⋡ ᢠᅇ⟅ᩘ ṇᖖᅇ⟅ᩘ Web ㄪᰝ 698 698 0 329 47.1% 33 296 㒑㏦ㄪᰝ 1,500 1,485 15 536 36.1% 71 465 ྜィ 2,198 2,183 15 865 39.6% 104 761 㸦q0㸧⯆ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࠕྂ㒔ி㒔ࡢṔྐⓗᬒほ⅏ᐖ⯆ᇶ㔠ࠖࢆタࡅࡿ࠸࠺௬ᐃࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡇࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࢆ⯆ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓᇶ㔠ࡢ௵ពࡢ㈇ᢸ㔠ࢆ10ᖺ㛫ࢃࡓࡾ ồࡵࡓࠋ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓ㔠㢠ࡣࠊࡍ࡚⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ᚋࡢி㒔ࡢṔྐⓗᬒほ⯆ᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡿࡋࡓࠋ CVM࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ✀㢮ࡢWTPࡢ㉁ၥᙧᘧࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻᙧᘧࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋᨭ ᡶ࣮࢝ࢻᙧᘧࡣࠊWTPࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ࠶ࡽࡌࡵㄪᰝ⪅ࡀ⏝ពࡋࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡽ᭱㝈ᨭᡶࡗ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ᛮ࠺㔠㢠 ࢆ⿕㦂⪅㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ0㸦ᨭᡶ࠸ࡓࡃ࡞࠸㸧ࠊ100ࠊ200ࠊ500ࠊ 1,000ࠊ2,000ࠊ5,000ࠊ1ࠊ2ࠊ5ࠊ10ࠊ20ࠊ50ࠊࡢྜィ12✀㢮ࡢᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻ ࡽࠊWTP㛵ࢃࡿ12ẁ㝵ࡢኚᩘࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢୖࡢᚑᒓኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿWTPࡣ㠀㈇ࡢ㐃⥆ⓗᑻᗘwtp ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⾲᫂ࡉࢀࡓWTP್ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾᨭᡶ࠸࣮࢝ࢻࡢ༊㛫ሗࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ E ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ♫⤒῭ᒓᛶ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣWTP㛵ᩘࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⊂❧ኚᩘࡋ࡚ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㞟᪉ἲࢆ♧ࡍ2್ኚᩘWebࠊᛶูࢆ♧ ࡍ2್ኚᩘSexࠊᖺ㱋ࢆ♧ࡍ࢝ࢸࢦࣜኚᩘAge20㹼Age60㸦20ṓ௦ࠊ30ṓ௦ࠊ͐ࠊ60ṓ௨ୖࡢ10ṓ㝵⣭࢝ࢸࢦࣜ ኚᩘ㸧ࠊྠᒃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᐙ᪘ࡢேᩘࢆ♧ࡍኚᩘFamilyࠊୡᖏᡤᚓࢆ♧ࡍኚᩘIncomeࠊ⿕㦂⪅ࡢᒃఫᆅᒓᛶ㛵 ࡋ࡚ࡣி㒔ᕷෆᅾఫᖺᩘࢆ♧ࡍኚᩘYearࠊ㒔ᚰ4༊㸦ி㒔ᕷୖி༊ࠊ୰ி༊ࠊୗி༊ࠊᮾᒣ༊㸧ᒃఫࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿྰࢆ♧ࡍ2್ኚᩘCitycentreࠊ⏘ᴗ࣭⫋ᴗ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ➨୍ḟ⏘ᴗ㸦㎰ᯘ⁺ᴗ㸧ࠊ➨ḟ⏘ᴗ㸦㖔ᕤ ᴗ࣭〇㐀ᴗ㸧ࠊ➨୕ḟ⏘ᴗ㸦༺࣭ᑠᴗࠊ㔠⼥࣭ື⏘ᴗࠊ㐠㍺㏻ಙ࣭㟁Ẽ࢞ࢫỈ㐨ᴗࠊほගᴗࠊࢧ࣮ࣅ ࢫᴗࠊᅋయ⫋ဨࠊබົဨ㸧ࠊ࣍࣡ࢺ࣮࢝ࣛ㸦ᑓ㛛ⓗ࣭ᢏ⾡ⓗ⫋ᴗᚑ⪅ࠊ⟶⌮ⓗ⫋ᴗᚑ⪅ࠊົᚑ ⪅㸧ࠊࢢ࣮࣮ࣞ࢝ࣛ㸦㈍ᚑ⪅ࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ⫋ᴗᚑ⪅ࠊಖᏳ⫋ᴗᚑ⪅ࠊ㐠㍺࣭㏻ಙᚑ⪅㸧ࠊࣈ࣮ࣝ࢝ ࣮ࣛ㸦㎰ᯘ⁺ᴗసᴗ⪅ࠊ⏕⏘ᕤ⛬࣭ປົసᴗ⪅㸧ࠊ፬ࠊᏛ⏕ࠊ↓⫋ࢆ♧ࡍ࢝ࢸࢦࣜኚᩘ㸦ࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛࢆ ♧ࡍ2್ኚᩘࡣBluecollar㸧ࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓࠋ ㄪᰝࡢᴫせ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㎿㏿ࡘ༑ศ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᩚഛࡍࡿࡓࡵ㒑㏦ㄪᰝWebㄪᰝࢆే⏝ࡋࠊி㒔ᕷෆᅾఫࡍࡿ 20ṓ௨ୖࡢಶேࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡋࡓࠋྛㄪᰝࡢᐇᮇ㛫ࡣࠊ㒑㏦ㄪᰝࡀ2007ᖺ3᭶30᪥㹼5᭶11᪥ࠊWebㄪᰝࡀ 2007ᖺ2᭶8᪥㹼13᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᨻ⟇ホ౯࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡿ WTPࡢୖ2㹼3᱆⛬ᗘࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ㞟᪉ἲࡀWTP࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣ༑ศᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿ20㸧ࠋ 㒑㏦ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣᶆᮏྎᖒࡋ࡚ఫẸᇶᮏྎᖒࢆ⏝ࡋࠊ⣔⤫ᢳฟἲࡼࡾ1,500ྡࡢィ⏬ᶆᮏࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢィ⏬ᶆᮏᑐࡋ࡚㏦ࡋࡓ1,500㏻ࡢ㒑㏦ㄪᰝ⚊ࡢ࠺ࡕ15㏻ࡢㄪᰝ⚊ࡀ㌿ᒃ➼ࡢ⌮⏤ࡼࡾᮍ㐩࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊ᭱⤊ⓗࡣィ⏬ᶆᮏࡽᮍ㐩ศࢆ㝖ࡃ1,485㏻ࡢ᭷ຠ㓄ᕸᩘࡢ࠺ࡕWTPࡸṇᖖᅇ⟅ࡢุู㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ ၥグධ₃ࢀࡢ࡞ࡗࡓ536㏻ࡀ᭷ຠᅇ⟅࡛࠶ࡿ㸦᭷ຠᅇ⟅ᅇ⋡㸻36.1%㸧㸦⾲1㸧ࠋ 3 −247− ୍᪉࡛ࠊWebㄪᰝ࡛ࡣYahoo!ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳⓏ㘓ࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࡽᶆᮏࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋWebࢆࡋ࡚ㄪᰝࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࢆබ ເࡋࠊࡑࡢࣔࢽࢱ࣮ᑐࡋ࡚ㄪᰝ⚊ࢆ㓄ᕸࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡣබເࣔࢽࢱ࣮ᆺࡢWebㄪᰝࡤࢀࡿࠋබເࣔࢽࢱ࣮ ᆺࡢWebㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤᶆᮏࣂࢫ21㸧ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᶆᮏᢳฟࡢ㝿ᛶู ᖺ㱋㝵⣭ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᒙᢳฟἲࡼࡾ698ྡࡢィ⏬ᶆᮏࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᶆᮏᑐࡍࡿᮍ㐩ᩘࡣ0࡛࠶ࡾࠊ 698㏻ࡢ᭷ຠ㓄ಙᩘࡢ࠺ࡕ329㏻ࡀ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸦᭷ຠᅇ⟅ᅇ⋡㸻47.1%㸧㸦⾲1㸧ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣWTPࡢศᯒ㝿ࡋ࡚WTP㛵ࡍࡿࢩࢼࣜ࢜ᑐࡋ࡚ᢠࡋࡓᢠᅇ⟅ࢆ㝖እࡋࠊ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ 㸦865㏻㸧ࡽᢠᅇ⟅㸦104㏻㸧ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓṇᖖᅇ⟅㸦761㏻㸧ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᢠᅇ⟅㝖እࡢసᴗ࡛ ࡣࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⯆ᑐࡋ࡚౯್ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢩࢼࣜ࢜ᑐࡋ࡚ᢠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠕ0 㸦ᨭᡶࡓࡃ࡞࠸㸧ࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓᅇ⟅ࢆᢠᅇ⟅22㸧ࡋࠊWTP㛵ᩘࡢ᥎ᐃ⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡽࢩࢼ ࣜ࢜ᑐࡍࡿᢠࡀཎᅉ࡛0ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓᅇ⟅ࢆ㐺ษ㝖እࡋࡓࠋ 㸱㸬Ṕྐⓗᬒほ⯆ࡢ⤒῭ホ౯ ィ ࣔࢹࣝ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻᙧᘧࢆ⏝ࡋࡓCVMࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅇ⟅⪅ࡢ♫⤒῭㸭ᒃఫᆅᒓᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࢆྵ ࡵ࡚ࠊWTPࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡍࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢹ࣮ࢱᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝ㸦Grouped data regression model㸧ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࢢࣝ ࣮ࣉࢹ࣮ࢱᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊlnWTPࢆண ࡍࡿ⥺ᙧࣔࢹࣝࡢᙧᘧࢆࡿࡀࠊᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻ᪉ᘧᑐᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺ 㐺ྜࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆWTPࡢ༊㛫༢࡛㞟ィࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢹ࣮ࢱᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ WTP㛵ᩘࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺ᐃᘧࡍࡿࠋ ln wtp i D x i' ȕ H i . (1) wtpi ࡣ⿕㦂⪅ i ࡢ WTPࠊĮ ࡣᐃᩘ㡯ࠊxi ࡣ⿕㦂⪅ i 㛵ࡍࡿᒓᛶิ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࠊȕ ࡣ xi ࡢಀᩘࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣋ࢡࢺ ࣝࠊİi ࡣᖹᆒ 0ࠊศᩓ ı2 ࡢṇつศᕸࡍࡿ i.i.d.㸦Independently and identically distributed㸸⊂❧ࡘྠ୍࡞ศᕸ㸧 ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿㄗᕪ㡯࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊwtpi ࡣ㠀㈇ࡢ್࡛࠶ࡾࠊln ࡣ⮬↛ᑐᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ 23㸧ࠋ ᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡿ wtpi ࡣࠊtliӌwtpi㸺tui ࡢࡼ࠺༊㛫ࢹ࣮ࢱࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋᑐᩘኚࡣ༢ㄪኚ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚑᒓኚᩘ lnwtpi ࡣ lntliӌlnwtpi㸺lntui ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛⿕㦂⪅ i ࡢᑬᗘࡣࠊ Pr tli d wtpi tui Pr ln tli d ln wtpi ln tui Pr ln tli D xi' ȕ d H i ln tui D xi' ȕ (2) § ln t D xi' ȕ ln t D xi' ȕ · Pr ¨ li d zi ui ¸, V V © ¹ ⾲ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ 23-24㸧ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊtli ࡣ⿕㦂⪅ i ࡀ㑅ᢥࡋࡓᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻࡢ WTP ୗ㝈್ࠊtui ࡣୖ㝈್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊzi ࡣᶆ‽ṇつศᕸࡍࡿ☜⋡ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ Į ȕ ࡣ᭱ᑬἲࡼࡾ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ 23㸧ࠋヲ⣽ࡣᑎ⬥ 23㸧 Greene24㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ :73㛵ᩘࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿWTP㛵ᩘࡢ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡣࠊ㒑㏦ㄪᰝWebㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࣉ࣮ࣝࡋࠊwtpiࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࠊ ♫⤒῭ᒓᛶࡸᒃఫᆅᒓᛶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡋࡓㄪᰝᡭἲࢆ♧ࡍኚᩘࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘࡋ࡚⏝ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣝ ࣉࢹ࣮ࢱᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ᳨࡛ウࡉࢀࡓኚᩘࡣࠊ␎グྕࡶ⾲2ࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ኚᩘ㑅ᢥ࡛ࡣྛ⊂❧ኚᩘࡢಀᩘࡢ᭷ព☜⋡ࡀ0.05ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ኚᩘࡽ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸㡰␒ᡭື࡛㏲୍ࣔࢹࣝࡽ㝖 ཤࡍࡿኚᩘῶᑡἲࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᡤᚓ࣭ᖺ㱋࣭ࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛ㸦⫋ᴗ㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍኚᩘIncome࣭Age20㹼 Age60࣭Bluecollarࡀ᭷ព࡞ኚᩘࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲3㸧ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᩚ⌮࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ➨1ࠊIncomeࡢಀᩘࡀṇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣࠊᡤᚓࡢ㧗࠸⪅㧗࠸WTPࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡇࡣࠊᡤᚓỈ‽ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿᨭᡶࡢ㈇ᢸᗘྜ࠸ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᐙィࡢᨭᡶ࠸⬟ຊࡀWTP⾲᫂ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ➨2ࠊBluecollarࡢಀᩘࡀ㈇࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣࠊࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛࡣࡑࡢࡢ⫋ᴗᚑ ⪅ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ప࠸WTPࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛࡣ࣍࣡ࢺ࣮࢝ࣛࡸࢢ࣮࣮ࣞ࢝ࣛ 4 −248− ⾲2 ኚᩘ୍ぴ ኚᩘࡢෆᐜ㸦␎グྕ㸧 WTP㸦WTP㸧 ᛶู㸦Sex㸧 ᖺ㱋 20 ṓ௦㸦Age20㸧࣭30 ṓ௦㸦Age30㸧࣭ 40 ṓ௦㸦Age40㸧࣭50 ṓ௦㸦Age50㸧࣭ 60 ṓ௦௨ୖ㸦Age60㸧 ྠᒃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᐙ᪘ᩘ㸦Family㸧 ᡤᚓ㸦Income㸧 ி㒔ᕷෆᅾఫᖺᩘ㸦Year㸧 ᒃఫᆅ㸦Citycentre㸧 ⏘ᴗ ➨୍ḟ⏘ᴗ࣭➨ḟ⏘ᴗ࣭➨୕ḟ⏘ᴗ ⫋ᴗ ࣍࣡ࢺ࣮࣭࢝ࣛࢢ࣮࣮࣭ࣞ࢝ࣛ ࣈ࣮࣮࣭ࣝ࢝ࣛ፬࣭Ꮫ⏕࣭↓⫋ ࢹ࣮ࢱᙧᘧ 0 㸦㸻1㸧㹼50 㸦㸻12㸧 ⏨㸦㸻1㸧ࠊዪ㸦㸻0㸧 ࡣ࠸㸦㸻1㸧ࠊ࠸࠸࠼㸦㸻0㸧 ᐇᩘ㸦ே㸧 200 ᮍ‶㸦㸻1㸧㹼1500 ௨ୖ㸦㸻10㸧 ᐇᩘ㸦ᖺ༢㸧 㒔ᚰ 4 ༊ෆ㸻1ࠊ㒔ᚰ 4 ༊እ㸻0 ࡣ࠸㸦㸻1㸧ࠊ࠸࠸࠼㸦㸻0㸧 ࡣ࠸㸦㸻1㸧ࠊ࠸࠸࠼㸦㸻0㸧 ⾲3 WTP㛵ᩘࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ Regressor Constant Income Bluecollar Age20 Age30 Age40 Age50 Age60 SD㸦Ȫ㸧 Summary Statistics Log-likelihood ᶆᮏᩘ㸦n㸧 ಀᩘ 7.267 0.174 -0.998 -0.308 -0.814 -0.474 -0.533 0.000 1.867 t್ 40.061 5.218 -2.073 -1.162 -3.517 -1.964 -2.588 ̺ 32.580 p್ 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.245 0.000 0.049 0.010 ̺ 0.000 -1419.413 629 ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᏛṔࡀప࠸ഴྥ࠶ࡾ㸦⥲ົ┬⤫ィᒁࠗᖹᡂ12ᖺᅜໃㄪᰝ ➨3ḟᇶᮏ㞟ィ㸦ி㒔ᗓ㸧࠘ᇶ࡙ࡃ㸧ࠊ ᏛṔࡸᩍ⫱Ỉ‽ᫎࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐⓗᬒほᑐࡍࡿ⯆㛵ᚰࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡀWTPᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ➨3ࠊAge30ࠊAge40ࠊAge50ࡢಀᩘࡀ㈇࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊ30ṓ௦㹼50ṓ௦ࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࡣ60ṓ௨ୖࡢᅇ⟅⪅ ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ప࠸WTPࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⥲ົ┬ࡀᐇࡋࡓࠕᖹᡂ16ᖺᅜᾘ㈝ᐇែㄪᰝࠖࡼࡿࠊୡᖏࡀ60 ṓ௨ୖࡢୡᖏẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ୡᖏࡀ30ṓ௦㹼50ṓ௦࡛ࡣୡᖏேဨࡀከ࠸ࡇຍ࠼ࠊ㈇മಖ᭷⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊ┦ᑐⓗᙜヱᖺ௦࡛ࡣᐙィࡽࡢ㏣ຍᨭฟࢆ᥍࠼ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢᾘ㈝ᨭฟຍ ࠼࡚ࡢWTPࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡃ࠸ഴྥ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ :73ࡢホ౯⤖ᯝᨻ⟇ⓗྵព ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㒑㏦ㄪᰝWebㄪᰝࢆే⏝ࡋࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ㒑㏦ㄪᰝWebㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ ࣉ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓWTP㛵ᩘࡽWTPࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓᶆᮏࢹ࣮ࢱࡣẕ㞟ᅋࡢ♫⤒῭ᒓ ᛶᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ 20 㸧 ࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢࡼ࠺♫⤒῭ᒓᛶࡀWTPᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊ㐺ᐅ WTPࢆ⿵ṇࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ2005ᖺᅜໃㄪᰝࡽධᡭ࡛ࡁࡿᖺ㱋㝵⣭ู࣭⫋ᴗูࡢேཱྀ 25 㸧 ᮏ◊✲࡛ධᡭࡋࡓᖺ㱋㝵⣭ู࣭⫋ᴗูࡢᶆᮏᩘࡢẚ⋡ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆసᡂࡋࠊྛᒓᛶࡢWTPࢆ㔜ࡳࡅࡍ ࡿࡇ࡛WTPࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋලయⓗࡣ20ṓ௨ୖࡢி㒔ᕷẸ1203548ேࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᖺ㱋㝵⣭㸦20ṓ௦ࠊ30ṓ ௦ࠊ40ṓ௦ࠊ50ṓ௦ࠊ60ṓ௨ୖ㸧ูࠊ⫋ᴗ㸦ࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛྰࡢ2༊ศ㸧ูᶆᮏẚ⋡ᇶ࡙࠸࡚WTPࢆ⿵ ṇࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓWTPᖹᆒ್ࡣ11981ࠊWTP୰ኸ್ࡣ2098 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⾲4㸧ࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊWTPᖹᆒ್ࡣWTP୰ኸ್ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⣙5.7ಸ⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡀ㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗCVM࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ 5 −249− ⾲4 WTPホ౯⤖ᯝ WTPᖹᆒ್ WTP୰ኸ್ 1ே࠶ࡓࡾWTP 1 1981 2098 ⥲౽┈㸦10ᖺ㸧 1216.3 ൨ 213.0 ൨ ᖺ㛫౽┈ 144.2 ൨ 25.2 ൨ ⾲5 ᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻูᗘᩘศᕸཷㅙ⋡ ᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻ 0 100 200 500 1,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 500,000 ྜィ ᗘᩘ 73 38 21 85 179 86 104 125 22 12 14 1 1 761 ྜ㸦%㸧 9.59 4.99 2.76 11.17 23.52 11.30 13.67 16.43 2.89 1.58 1.84 0.13 0.13 100.00 ཷㅙ⋡㸦%㸧 100.00 90.41 85.41 82.65 71.48 47.96 36.66 23.00 6.57 3.68 2.10 0.26 0.13 㸫 WTPࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣྑ〈ࡀ㛗࠸ศᕸࢆྲྀࡿࡓࡵࠊWTP㛵ᩘࡢ᥎ᐃ࠾࠸࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣlnWTPࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡍࡿ ᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊྛᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻูࡢཷㅙ⋡㸦㧗࠸ᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻࡢ㔠㢠ࡽࡢ⣼✚┦ᑐᗘ ᩘ㸧ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿࠊ1,0002,000ࡢ㛫࡛ཷㅙ⋡ࡀᛴ⃭పୗࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ1ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ᨭᡶ࣮࢝ࢻࡢ㑅 ᢥࡣ10㸣‶ࡓ࡞࠸㸦⾲5㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊWTPࢆ㉁ၥࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ௬ࡢࠕྂ㒔ி㒔ࡢṔྐⓗᬒほ⅏ ᐖ⯆ᇶ㔠ࠖᑐࡍࡿ10ᖺ㛫ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢබඹᴗࡢホ౯࡛ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿ4.0%ࡢᘬ⋡ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊୖグࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡽ10ᖺศࡢ⥲౽┈ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡍࡿࠊWTPᖹᆒ್ࡽ᥎ᐃ ࡉࢀࡓ⥲౽┈ࡣ1216.3൨ࠊWTP୰ኸ್ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ⥲౽┈ࡣ213.0൨࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⾲4㸧ࠋ ᨻ⟇ホ౯࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡿ౽┈ࡢ᥎ᐃ㢠ࡣWTPᖹᆒ್ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿሙྜWTP୰ኸ್ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿሙྜ࡛␗࡞ ࡿࠋWTPᖹᆒ್ࡣྛಶேࡢWTPࡢ┦ຍᖹᆒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྛಶேࡘ࠸࡚ࡢWTPࡢ⥲ࢆࡶࡗ࡚౽┈ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊWTP୰ኸ್ࡣྛಶேࡢWTPࢆ᪼㡰࡞࠸ࡋࡣ㝆㡰୪᭰࠼ࠊࡕࡻ࠺୰ኸ㸦50%ࡢ㡰 㸧⨨ࡍࡿWTP࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊWTPᖹᆒ್ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ⥲౽┈1216.3൨ࡣ౽┈ࡢྜィ㔠㢠ࢆ㔜ど ࡍࡿ❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊWTP୰ኸ್ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ⥲౽┈213.0൨ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㐣༙ᩘࡢ⿕㦂⪅ࡀ⾲᫂ࡍ ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺WTPࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ❧ሙ࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊ௬ி㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚⅏ᐖࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡑࡢ⅏ᐖࡽி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࢆ⯆ࡋࡓሙྜ⥲ 㢠࡛1216.3൨ࡢ౽┈ࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⯆ࢆ┠ⓗᇶ㔠ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡿࡋࡓሙྜி 㒔ᕷẸ㸦20ṓ௨ୖ㸧ࡢ50%௨ୖࡽ㈶ྠࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿWTPࡢ⥲ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ౽┈ࡣ⣙213.0൨࡛࠶ࡿ ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᩘ್ࡣṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ౽┈ࡢ୍㠃ࢆィ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊṔྐⓗᬒほ↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࡓ ⅏ᐖ⯆ᴗ⯆ࡢ౽┈࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊி㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣࠕி㒔ᕷᇶᮏィ⏬➨2ḟ᥎㐍ࣉࣛࣥࠖᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ2004ᖺᗘ㹼2008ᖺᗘࢆᐇィ ⏬ᮇ㛫ࡋࠊᩥ㈈㜵⅏㛵ࡍࡿ⟇ࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣࠊᖺḟࡈࡢண⟬ィ⏬ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊձ⮬ ືⅆ⅏㏻ሗయไࡢᩚഛࠊղᩥ㈈ᕷẸࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗయไࡢ☜❧ࠊճᆅᇦࡢᩥ㈈ࢆᏲࡿỈᩚഛࣔࢹࣝᴗࡢ ᐇࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋி㒔ᕷࡀබ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠗி㒔ᕷᇶᮏィ⏬➨2ḟ᥎㐍ࣉࣛࣥᐇ≧ἣ㸦2007ᖺ10᭶30 ᪥᭦᪂㸧࠘ࡼࡿࠊୖグձ㹼ճࡢᴗ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀձ1820ࠊղ2560ࠊճ4൨160ࠊ ྜィ4൨4540ࡀࡍ࡛ᇳ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦⾲6㸧ࠊࡇࡢྜィ㔠㢠ᴗ᭱⤊ᖺḟ࡛࠶ࡿ2008ᖺᗘࡢண⟬ィ⏬ ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡓձ㹼ճࡢ㛵㐃ண⟬ࡢྜィ࡛࠶ࡿ9200ࢆ㊊ࡍ㸦⾲7㸧ࠊ2008ᖺᗘᮎࡲ࡛ࡢ5ᖺ㛫5൨ 3740ࡀᇳ⾜ࡉࢀࡿぢ㎸ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᴗ㈝ࡣᩥ㈈ࢆ⅏ᐖࡽ㜵ᚚࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢண⟬࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⅏ᐖࡼࡿᩥ㈈ࡢ႙ኻࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ ண㜵ᥐ⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊி㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⅏ᐖࡼࡗ࡚౯್ࢆⴭࡋࡃ႙ኻࡋࡓᩥ㈈ࢆಟࡋࡓࡾ⯆ࡋ ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓᨻ⟇ࡣ❧࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ᩥ㈈ࡢಟ࣭⯆ࡣ⅏ᐖࡼࡾ◚ᦆ࡞ 6 −250− ⾲6 ᩥ㈈ࡢ㜵⅏㛵ࡍࡿ㈝⏝㸦ᖹᡂ16㹼19ᖺᗘ㸧 ᴗෆᐜ ⮬ືⅆ⅏㏻ሗయไࡢᩚഛ ᩥ㈈ᕷẸࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗయไࡢ☜❧ ᆅᇦࡢᩥ㈈ࢆᏲࡿỈᩚഛࣔࢹࣝᴗࡢᐇ ྜィ Ỵ⟬㢠㸦༢㸸ⓒ㸧 18.2 25.6 401.6 445.4 ⾲7 ᩥ㈈ࡢ㜵⅏㛵ࡍࡿ㈝⏝㸦ᖹᡂ20ᖺᗘ㸧 ᴗෆᐜ ⮬ືⅆ⅏㏻ሗయไࡢᩚഛ ᩥ㈈ᕷẸࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗయไࡢ☜❧ ᆅᇦࡢᩥ㈈ࢆᏲࡿỈᩚഛࣔࢹࣝᴗࡢᐇ ྜィ ண⟬㢠㸦༢㸸ⓒ㸧 4.0 5.0 83.0 92.0 ࠸ࡋࡣ႙ኻࡋࡓᩥ㈈ࢆಟ⧋ࡋࡓࡾᘓࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ10-11㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽᩥ㈈ᘓ⠏≀ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀ ࡿṔྐⓗᬒほࢆ㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃ⌧≧ᅇࡍࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᩥ㈈㜵⅏ࡢศ㔝࡛㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᩥ㈈ ࢆ⅏ᐖࡽᮍ↛㜵ᚚࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣᙜ↛ᚲせ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ๓ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡼࡗ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ࡽᩥ㈈ࡀ㜵 ᚚࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ಖドࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊᩥ㈈㜵⅏ࡢᨻ⟇࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩥ㈈ࢆ⅏ᐖࡽᮍ↛㜵ᚚࡍ ࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊಟ࣭⯆㛵ࡍࡿண⟬ᥐ⨨ࡶㅮࡌࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢண⟬ ᥐ⨨ࡋ࡚ࡣ⯆ᇶ㔠ࡸ⅏ᐖಖ㝤࡞ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡀி㒔ᕷẸࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎᅜẸⓗ࡞౯್ࢆ᭷ ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ⯆ᨻ⟇ࡣி㒔ᕷࡸி㒔ᗓ࡞ࡢᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡢᨻ⟇ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡼࡿ⅏ᐖ⯆ ᨻ⟇ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ⨨ࡅࡽࢀࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᚋࡣᩥ㈈ࢆ⅏ᐖࡽᮍ↛㜵ᚚࡍࡿண㜵ⓗᥐ ⨨ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ᚋࡢ⯆ẁ㝵࠾ࡅࡿᩥ㈈ಟ࣭⯆ࢃࡿᅜⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡶᚲせ࡞ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ ࡞ᩥ㈈ᨻ⟇࡞࠸ࡋࡣ⅏ᐖ⯆ᨻ⟇ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸲㸬࠾ࢃࡾ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊேⅭⓗ⅏ᐖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬↛⅏ᐖࡼࡗ࡚Ṕྐⓗᬒほࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡓ≧ἣࢆᐃࡋࠊࡑࡢ⯆ィ⏬ ẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ᩥ㈈ࢆྵࡴṔྐⓗᬒほࢆ⯆ࡍࡿࡇ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡿ౽┈ࢆィ ࡋࡓࠋලయⓗᡭἲࡋ࡚ࡣ⎔ቃ ⤒῭ホ౯ᡭἲࡢ1ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿCVM㸦௬ᕷሙホ౯ἲ㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࠊி㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗᬒほಖࡢ⤒῭ホ౯ࢆ ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ձᮏ◊✲࡛᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ WTP 㛵ᩘࡽࡣࠊ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ᚋ࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⯆ᑐࡍࡿ WTP ࡣࠊᡤᚓ 㸦Income㸧ࠊࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛ㸦⫋ᴗ㸧㸦Bluecollor㸧ࠊᖺ㱋㸦Age30ࠊAge40ࠊAge50㸧ࡼࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊa. ᡤᚓỈ‽ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿᐙィࡢᨭᡶ⬟ຊࡸࠊb. ⫋ᴗᫎࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐⓗ ᬒほᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡢᗘྜ࠸ࠊc. ᖺ㱋㝵⣭ูࡢᐙィ≧ἣᫎࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㏣ຍᨭฟᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡢ┦㐪ࡀࠊ WTP ⾲᫂ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ղᮏ◊✲࡛᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ WTP 㛵ᩘᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ⅏ᐖ⯆ィ⏬࠾ࡅࡿṔྐⓗᬒほᩚഛࡢ⤒῭ホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⅏ᐖࡼࡗ࡚Ṕྐⓗᬒほࡀ႙ኻࡋࡑࢀࢆ⯆ࡍࡿࡇ࡛⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿ 10 ᖺ㛫ࡢ⥲౽┈ 1216.3 ൨ ࡞ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸦WTP ᖹᆒ್ࢆ⏝㸧ࠊṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⯆ᑐࡋ࡚ 20 ṓ௨ୖࡢி㒔ᕷẸࡢ㐣༙ᩘࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ ࡶ⾲᫂ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ WTP ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ 10 ᖺ㛫ࡢ⥲౽┈ࡣ⣙ 213.0 ൨࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦WTP ୰ኸ್ࢆ⏝㸧ࠋ ճ⌧ᅾࠊி㒔ᕷࡀ 2004 ᖺᗘࡼࡾ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩥ㈈㜵⅏㛵ࡍࡿ⟇࡛ࡣࠊ5 ൨ 3740 ࡀ 2008 ᖺᗘࡲ ࡛ᇳ⾜ࡉࢀࡿぢ㎸ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇࡣࠊa. ⮬ືⅆ⅏㏻ሗయไࡢᩚഛࠊb. ᩥ㈈ᕷẸࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗయไࡢ☜❧ࠊ c. ᆅᇦࡢᩥ㈈ࢆᏲࡿỈᩚഛࣔࢹࣝᴗࡢᐇࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊி㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ᚋࡢ ᩥ㈈⯆㛵㐃ࡍࡿண⟬ᥐ⨨ࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ๓ᩥ㈈ࡀ⅏ᐖࡼࡗ࡚႙ኻࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡ⯆㈝⏝ ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ㆟ㄽࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩥ㈈㜵⅏ᴗࡢᨭฟ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ࡅࡶ᳨ウࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ㅰ㎡㸸ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᏛ⾡ࣇࣟࣥࢸ᥎㐍ᴗࠕᩥ㑇⏘ⱁ⾡సရࢆ⮬↛⅏ᐖࡽ㜵ᚚࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᏛ⌮ࡢᵓ⠏ࠖ㸦௦ ⾲㸸ᅵᒱ᠇୕㸧ࠊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠㸦ᇶ┙◊✲A㸧ࠕṔྐ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿேⅭⓗ⅏ᐖࡽࡢ㜵ᚚࡼࡿᏳࡢᵓ⠏ࠖ㸦௦ ⾲㸸ྜྷ㉺ஂ㸧ࡢ୍⎔࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ 7 −251− ὀ࠾ࡼࡧᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ 1) ᚋ⸨Ꮚ⦅㸸ᩥᨻ⟇Ꮫ̿ἲ࣭⤒῭࣭࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ̿㸪᭷ᩫ㛶㸪2001㸬 2) ∦᱒᪂⮬⦅㸸Ṕྐⓗ⎔ቃࡢ♫Ꮫ㸦ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ⎔ቃ♫Ꮫ3㸧㸪᪂᭙♫㸪2000㸬 3) ᒣᮏ⌮ె㸸㏆௦⏘ᴗᬒほࢆࡵࡄࡿ౯್̿ᕞᕷࡢ㧗⅔タࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ㸭࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ᩥ⬦̿㸪Ṕྐᆅ⌮Ꮫ㸪Vol. 48㸪No. 1㸪pp. 45-60㸪2006. 4) ▮㔝᱇ྖ࣭୰㇂ᶞ࣭☾⏣ᘻ⦅㸸ࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝி㒔̿㐣ཤ࣭⌧ᅾ࣭ᮍ᮶ࡢ᪑̿㸪ࢼ࢝ࢽࢩࣖฟ∧㸪2007㸬 5) ⃝ᮧ᫂㸸㑇㊧ಖᏑࡢ⤒῭ຠᯝ̿ྜྷ㔝ࣨ㔛࣭୕ෆᒣࢆ̿㸪ᩥ⤒῭Ꮫ㸪Vol. 3㸪No. 1㸪pp. 37-47㸪2002㸬 6) ⃝ᮧ᫂㸸⦖ᩥ㑇㊧ಖᏑά⏝ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉̿୕ෆᒣ㑇㊧࣭ᚚᡤ㔝㑇㊧ࢆࡋࡓ⤒῭ຠᯝࡢ ᐃࢆᡭࡀࡾ̿㸪 ᩥ⤒῭Ꮫ㸪Vol. 5㸪No. 2㸪pp. 47-54㸪2006㸬 7) 㟷ᒣྜྷ㝯࣭୰ᕝ࣭ᯇ୰ு㸸㒔ᕷ࣓ࢽࢸࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ̿⎔ቃࡢ౯್ࢆ ࡿ̿㸪Ꮫⱁฟ∧♫㸪2003㸬 8) ᇉෆᜨ⨾Ꮚ㸸ᩥⓗᬒほࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ̿ୡ⏺㑇⏘ᐩᒣ┴⟠ᒣྜᤸ㐀ࡾ㞟ⴠࡢ̿㸪Ỉ᭙♫㸪2005㸬 9) ┈⏣වᡣ㸸᪥ᮏࡢᩥ㈈ᘓ㐀≀ࡢ⿕⅏ಟ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ⪃ᐹ㸪Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟㸪No.1㸪pp. 97-104㸪2007㸬 10) ᮧୖ⿱㐨㸸㜰⚄࣭ῐ㊰㟈⅏ࡽࡢ⯆̿ᪧ⚄ᡞᒃ␃ᆅ༑␒㤋ࡢಟ̿㸪ᩥ㈈ಖᏑಟᏛ⦅ࠗᩥ㈈ࡢಖᏑ ಟ̿ఱࢆ࠺ṧࡍࡢ㸽̿࠘ࢡࣂࣉࣟ㸪pp. 87-104㸪1999㸬 11) ෆ⏣ಇ⚽㸸⨾ࡋ࠸⾤ࡢ⏕ฟ̿⅏ᐖṔྐ㑇⏘̿㸪ᩥ㈈ಖᏑಟᏛ⦅ࠗᩥ㈈ࡢಖᏑಟ4̿Ṕྐ㑇⏘ ⎔ቃ̿࠘ࢡࣂࣉࣟ㸪pp. 81-90㸪2002㸬 12) ᅜ ᅵ ㏻ ┬ ࣍ ࣮ ࣒ ࣌ ࣮ ࢪ ࠕ ྂ 㒔 ಖ Ꮡ ἲ 㸦 ྂ 㒔 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ Ṕ ྐ ⓗ 㢼 ᅵ ࡢ ಖ Ꮡ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ≉ ู ᥐ ⨨ ἲ 㸧 ࠖ URL: http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/rekimachi/ko to_hozon/index.html㸦᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥: 2009ᖺ2᭶20᪥㸧 13) ᱵὠ❶Ꮚ㸸ி㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ᬒほᨻ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㒔ᕷィ⏬㸪No. 265㸪pp. 66-67㸪2007. 14) ⚟ᓥಙኵ࣭ᯈ㇂㸦∵㇂㸧┤Ꮚ࣭ᮤ᫂ၿ࣭┈⏣වᡣ࣭ᒣᓮṇྐ㸸ி㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ㢼⮴ᆅ༊ᣦᐃࡢኚ㑄㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲̿ 㢼⮴ᆅ༊ࡀṔྐ㒔ᕷி㒔ࡢಖᯝࡓࡋࡓᙺ̿㸪㒔ᕷィ⏬ㄽᩥ㞟㸪No. 43-3㸪pp. 667-672㸪2008. 15) ྜྷᕝᛅᐶ㸸ᪧ࣭⯆ࡢㅖ㢮ᆺ㸪ᾆ㔝ṇᶞ࣭▮᰿῟࣭ྜྷᕝᛅᐶ⦅ࠗ⯆ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸㄽධ㛛㸦ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ⅏ᐖ♫ 2㸧࠘ᘯᩥᇽ㸪pp. 36-48㸪2007㸬 16) ᒣᓮ㟹⏕㸸ᬒほࡢ⯆㸪᪥ᮏ㒔ᕷィ⏬Ꮫ㛵すᨭ㒊ࡔࡼࡾ㸪No. 11㸪http://www.cpij-kansai.jp/commit/publici/lett11/12. html㸪1998. 17) ఀ⸨⏕࣭❑அ࣭ᯈ㇂㸦∵㇂㸧┤Ꮚ࣭ᑎ⏣ె㧗࣭┈⏣වᡣ㸸ᕷẸࡼࡿᩥ㈈㜵⅏యไࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟̿㸦ࡑࡢ 1㸧ி㒔ᕷᩥ㈈ᕷẸࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗయไࡢᴫせ≉ᚩ㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏ᏛᏛ⾡ㅮ₇᱾ᴫ㞟㸪Vol. 2007㸪pp. 345-346, 2007. 18) ❑அ࣭ఀ⸨⏕࣭ᯈ㇂㸦∵㇂㸧┤Ꮚ࣭ᑎ⏣ె㧗࣭┈⏣වᡣ㸸ᕷẸࡼࡿᩥ㈈㜵⅏యไࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟̿㸦ࡑࡢ 2㸧ி㒔ᕷᩥ㈈ᕷẸࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗయไࡢㄢ㢟ᑐ⟇ᥦ㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏ᏛᏛ⾡ㅮ₇᱾ᴫ㞟㸪Vol. 2007㸪pp. 347-348, 2007. 19) ி㒔ᕷᾘ㜵ᒁ⥲ົ㒊⏬ㄢ㸸ᩥ㈈ࡑࡢ࿘㎶ࢆᏲࡿ㜵⅏Ỉᩚഛᴗ ி㒔ᕷᮾᒣ༊ΎỈᆅᇦ࡛ᅜึࡢྲྀ⤌ࡀᮏ ᱁㐠⏝㛤ጞ㸪㏆௦ᾘ㜵㸪Vol. 46㸪No. 12㸪pp. 54-57㸪2008. 20) ᮧ୰ுኵ࣭୰㇂ᶞ㸸♫ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㞟᪉ἲࡀᨭᡶពᛮ㢠࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ̿㒑㏦ㄪᰝWebㄪᰝࡢẚ㍑ศᯒ ̿㸪⎔ቃሗ⛉Ꮫ㸪Vol. 38㸪No. 1㸪pp. 47-55㸪2009. 21) 㝮᪼㸸ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺㄪᰝࡢᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟ᚋࡢᒎ㛤㸪ESTRELA㸪No. 143㸪pp. 2-11㸪2006. 22) ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᢠᅇ⟅ࢆᢳฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ௨ୗࡢձ㹼պࡢ㉁ၥࢆ‽ഛࡋࡓࠋձி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⯆࠾㔠ࢆᨭᡶ ࠺వ⿱ࡀ࡞࠸ࡽࠋղி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⯆࠾㔠ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ࡢ౯್ࡣ࡞࠸ࡽࠋճி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ ⯆ࡣ⛯㔠࡛ࡸࡽࢀࡿࡁࡔᛮ࠺ࡽࠋմ࠾㔠ࡔࡅ࡛ி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࢆ⯆ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࡽࠋ յி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほࡢ⯆ࡔࡅ࠾㔠ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ࡇࡣពࡀ࡞࠸ࡽࠋնி㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗᬒほ⯆ࡀ࡞࠸ࡽࠋ շி㒔ᕷ࡛⅏ᐖ࡞࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࡽࠋո㉁ၥࡢពࡀࡼࡃࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡽࠋչ௬ࡢヰ⟅࠼ࡿࡇࡣពࡀ࡞࠸ ᛮ࠺ࡽࠋպࡑࡢࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ࠺ࡕձղյնշࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓᅇ⟅ࢆ0ᅇ⟅ࠊճմոչࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓᅇ⟅ࢆᢠ ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࠕպࡑࡢࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓᅇ⟅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊෆᐜࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠺࠼ุู࡛ࡋࡓࠋ 23) ᑎ⬥ᣅ㸸㎰ᴗࡢ⎔ቃホ౯ศᯒ㸪ວⲡ᭩ᡣ㸪2002㸬 24) Greene, W.H. LIMDEP Version 8.0: Econometric modeling guide, 2, Econometric Software, 2002. 25) ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ2005ᖺᅜໃㄪᰝࠕ➨2ḟᇶᮏ㞟ィ⤖ᯝࠖࡢࠕປാຊ≧ែ㸦8༊ศ㸧ࠊᖺ㱋㸦5ṓ㝵⣭㸧ࠊ⏨ዪู15ṓ௨ୖே ཱྀ̿㞠⏝⪅≉ᥖ̿ࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠊࠕ➨3ḟᇶᮏ㞟ィ⤖ᯝࠖࡢࠕ⫋ᴗ㸦ศ㢮㸧ࠊᑵᴗࡢ≧ែ㸦4༊ศ㸧ࠊᖺ㱋㸦5ṓ㝵⣭㸧ࠊ ⏨ዪู15ṓ௨ୖᑵᴗ⪅ᩘࠖࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋி㒔ᕷ⥲ྜ⏬ᒁሗ᥎㐍ᐊሗ⤫ィㄢࠕி㒔ᕷࡢ⤫ィሗࠖURL: http:// w w w . city.kyoto.jp/sogo/toukei/㸦᭱⤊㜀ぴ᪥: 2009ᖺ3᭶6᪥㸧 8 −252−