Comments
Description
Transcript
彦根城楽々園「地震の間」の地震学的環境 - R-Cube
Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟 Vol. 6㸦2012ᖺ᭶㸧 ࠙ሗ࿌ࠚ ᙪ᰿ᇛᴦࠎᅬࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢᆅ㟈Ꮫⓗ⎔ቃ Seismological environments of Zisin-no-ma (earthquake-resistant room) of the Hikone Castle ᕝᓮ୍ᮁ㸯࣭ᑠᯇཎ㷹㸰࣭㡲⏣㐩㸱࣭ᒸ⏣⠜ṇ㸯 Ichiro Kawasaki1, Taku Komatsubara2, Tatsuru Suda34 and Atsumasa Okada1 1❧㤋Ꮫ≉ูᣍ⪸ᩍᤵ Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦ࠛ603-8341 ி㒔ᕷ༊ᑠᯇཎ⏫58㸧 Professor, Ritsumeikan University, Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage 2⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ ᆅ㉁ሗ◊✲㒊㛛 ௵◊✲ဨ㸦ࠛ305-8567 Ⲉᇛ┴ࡘࡃࡤᕷᮾ1-1-1 ୰ኸ➨7㸧 Senior researcher, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 3❧㤋Ꮫࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲ᶵᵓᩍᤵ㸦ࠛ527í8577 ㈡┴ⲡὠᕷ㔝㊰ᮾ1í1í1㸧 Associate Professor, Ritsumeikan University, Global innovation research Organization ⌧㔠ἑᕤᴗᏛ ⎔ቃᘓ⠏Ꮫ㒊 ㅮᖌ㸦ࠛ921-8501 ▼ᕝ┴㔝ࠎᕷᕷᡪࡀୣ7-1㸧 lecturer, Department of Architecture, Kanazawa Institute of Technology This is a brief report on seismological, geological and architectonic environments of the Zisin-no-ma, an earthquake-resistant-room, which was built in the early 19-th century as a part of the Genkyu-raku-raku-en (Daimyo mansion) beside the Hikone castle, Shiga prefecture. Keywords: Zisin-no-ma, Earthquake-resistance room, Hikone castle, historical earthquake and crustal structure 㸬ࡣࡌࡵ 2011ᖺ11᭶13᪥ࠊ❧㤋ᏛṔྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢάືࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ࠊᙪ᰿ᇛෆࡢᨵಟᕤ୰ࡢᴦࠎ ᅬᚚ᭩㝔࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࢆどᐹࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋᘓ ⠏ᏛⓗどⅬࡽࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㰺⏣㸦1940㸧㸯㸧ࠊ ụ㔝㸦1966㸧㸰㸧ࠊす⃝࣭୰ᕝ㸦1997㸧㸱㸧࡞ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊᮏሗ࿌ࡣࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢຍ࠼ࠊᆅ┙ᵓ㐀ࠊά᩿ᒙࠊ Ṕྐᆅ㟈࡞ᗈ࠸どⅬࡽᙪ᰿ᇛ࿘㎶ࡢᆅ㟈Ꮫⓗ⎔ቃࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᙪ᰿ᇛࡢṔྐࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕᙪ᰿ᇛࡢಟ⠏ࡑࡢṔྐࠖ㸦ᙪ᰿ 㸲㸧 ᇛ༤≀㤋ࠊ1995㸧 ࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡓࠋᆅ㟈ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙ࡣࠊ ࠕ᭱᪂∧᪥ᮏ⿕ᐖᆅ㟈⥲ぴ[416]-2001ࠖ 㸦Ᏹబ⨾ࠊ2003㸧㸳㸧ᆅ 㟈ㄪᰝጤጤဨࡢά᩿ᒙࡢ㛗ᮇホ౯ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ 㸰㸬ᙪ᰿ᇛࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢ␎ྐ ➨㸯ᅗ ᙪ᰿ᇛᴦࠎᅬࡢ㓄⨨ᅗࠋ㉥ᅄゅኳ 1586ᖺ1᭶18᪥㸦ኳṇ༑୕ᖺ༑୍᭶᪥㸧 ࠊ࣐ࢢࢽࢳ࣮ࣗࢻ 㸦௨ୗ㹋␎グ㸧7.8ࡢᆅ㟈ࡀࠊ␥ෆࠊᮾᾏࠊᮾᒣࠊ㝣ㅖ㐨 ࢆくࡗࡓࠋ㛗ᇛࡣࡁ࡞⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࠊᇛᒣෆ୍㇏ࡢᗂዪࡶᅽ −297− 1 Ᏺࠊ㉥ࡣᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࢆ⨨ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᇶᅗࡣ ᅜᅵᆅ⌮㝔 2 ศ㸯ᆅᙧᅗࠋ Ṛࡋࡓࠋࡢά᩿ᒙࡀື࠸ࡓࡘ࠸࡚☜ᐇ࡞㈨ᩱࡣ↓ ࠸ࡀࠊᗉᕝ᩿ᒙ㸦ᒱ㜧┴㸧 ࠊ㜿ᑎ᩿ᒙ㸦ྠ㸧ࡢඖᆅ 㟈ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ㣴⪁᩿ᒙ㸦ᒱ㜧┴࣮୕㔜┴㸧ࡶຍ࠼ࡓ୕ ඖᆅ㟈⪃࠼ࡿ◊✲⪅ࡀከ࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊኳṇ༑୕ᖺࡣ ࢇࡣ1585ᖺᑐᛂࡍࡿࡀࠊ༑୍᭶༑᪥ࡽࡣ1586ᖺ ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᆅ㟈ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢࡣ1586ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊ ᚲせࡢ↓࠸㝈ࡾᖺࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡍࠋ 10ᖺᚋࡢ1596ᖺ㸦ᩥ⚘ᖺࠊ㛗ඖᖺ㸧ࡣ㹋7.5ࡢ ᆅ㟈ࡀᒣᇛࡽᦤὠ୍ᖏࢆくࡗࡓࠋఅぢᇛࡢኳ㛶 ࡀ◚ࡋࠊ500వேࡀᅽṚࡋࡓࠋ㟈※ࡣ᭷㤿㧗ᵳ᩿ᒙᖏ 㸦㜰ᗓࠊරᗜ┴㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 1600ᖺ㸦㛗ᖺ㸧㛵ࣨཎࡢᡓ࠸ࡢḟࡢᖺࠊఀ┤ ᨻࡣࠊୖ㔝ᅜ㧗ᓮࡽࠊ㏆Ụ15▼ࡢ㡿ࡋ࡚㌿ᑒ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᙪ᰿ᇛࡣࠊ1604ᖺ㸦㛗ᖺ㸧ࠊᑿᙇࠊ୕ Ἑࠊ⨾⃰ࠊఀໃ࡞ࡢ㏆㞄ࡢ㆕௦ྡࢆ⥲ືဨࡋ࡚⠏ ᇛᕤࢆጞࡵࠊ1607ᖺ㸦㛗༑ᖺ㸧せ㒊ศࡀ ᡂࡋࡓࠋሙᡤࡢ㑅ᐃᙜࡓࡗ࡚ኳṇᆅ㟈ࡸ㛗ᆅ㟈ࢆ 㸴㸧 ➨㸰ᅗ ᙪ᰿ᕷ࿘㎶ࡢᆅᙧศ㢮ᅗࠋᑠᯇཎ(2006) ᙉࡃព㆑ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊὶ⣠ᒾࡢᒾయࡽ࡞ࡿᙉ ࢆᨵኚࠋᆅ㉁᩿㠃⨨ᅗἢࡗࡓ᩿㠃ᅗࡀ➨㸱ᅗࠋ ᅛ࡞ᒾ┙ࡢୣࡢୖ㸦➨㸯ᅗ㸧ࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࡓࠋᯇཎෆ† ὶࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓⱂᕝࡢὶ㊰ࡣࡰ㸯km༡᪉ࡅ᭰࠼ ࡽࢀࠊᇛୗ⏫ᕷ⾤ᆅࡣࡑࡢ㛫సࡽࢀࡓࠋ 1662ᖺ㸦ᐶᩥᖺ㸧ࡣࠊ୕᪉᩿ᒙᖏ᪥ྥ᩿ᒙⰼᢡ ᩿ᒙᖏ㒊ࢆ㟈※ࡍࡿᆅ㟈ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊ㏆Ụᇦࡣ ࡁ࡞⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ ᴦࠎᅬࡣࠊ1677ᖺ㸦ᘏᐆᖺ㸧ࡽ㸰ᖺࡅ࡚ࠊኳᏲ ࡢ࠶ࡿୣࡢᮾഃࡢᖹᆅ㸦➨㸰ᅗ㸧ࠊ⸬ࡢୗᒇᩜ ࡋ࡚㐀ႠࡉࢀࠊᚋḎᚚẊࡤࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋᐶ ᩥࡢᆅ㟈ࡼࡗ࡚ᨵࡵ࡚⪏㟈ࡢព㆑ࡀࡧ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡓࡢ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊᚚ᭩㝔ࡣ⪏㟈ࢆព㆑ࡋࡓ㐀ࡾ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊᴦࠎᅬࡀ࠾ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤࡢᆅ┙ࡣⰋ࠸ࡣゝ ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ 12௦⸬ఀ┤ுࡢ௦㸦1812-1850㸧࡞ࡗ࡚ᵳᚚẊ ┿㸯 ᙪ᰿ᇛᴦࠎᅬᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࡢṇ㠃ࠋ ࡣቑ⠏ࡉࢀࠊ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖ 㸦┿㸯㸧ࡶసࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᖺ ௦ࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛࡞࠸ࡀࠊす⃝࣭୰ᕝ㸦1997㸧㸱㸧ࡣ1813ᖺ㸦ᩥ༑୍ᖺ㸧㡭ぢ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᴦࠎᅬࡣࠊ1881ᖺࡽẸ㛫ᴗ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚᪑㤋ࡋ࡚Ⴀᴗࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ1947ᖺࠊᙪ᰿ᕷࡀᴦࠎᅬయࢆ ఀᐙࡽ㈙࠸ྲྀࡾࠊ1994ᖺࡣ᪑㤋ࡢᗫᴗࡼࡾᘓ≀ࡀᙪ᰿ᕷ㏉㑏ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡣࠊ┿㸯ࡽࡶ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᆅ㠃ࡀ✺ࡁᅛࡵࡽࢀࡓ㧗పᕪ㸰㹫ࡢ㧗ࡲࡾᘓ࡚ ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࿘ᅖࡣ▼ᇉ࡛ᅖࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢୗࡢἈ✚ሁ✚ᒙࡢཌࡉࡀࡢࡃࡽ࠸ࡣゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡽࡎࠊᮏ㉁ⓗᆅ┙ࡢᙉᗘࡀࢀࡃࡽ࠸ࡣศࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸱㸬ᮾ㏆Ụࡢᆅ┙ᵓ㐀 ㏆Ụ┅ᆅࡢᆅ┙ᵓ㐀ࡣࠕయࡋ࡚す῝ࡃᮾὸࡃ࡞ࡿࠋᒁᡤⓗ࡞ᆅ㉁ࡢኚ㸦ᒙ┦ኚ㸧ࡀⴭࡋ࠸ࠖ ࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘࠋ⍇⍈†ᮾᓊᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊᡤࠎሀ◳࡞ᇶ┙ᒾࡀᏙ❧ୣࡋ࡚✺ฟࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆそࡗࡓࡾྲྀࡾ ᅖࢇࡔࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᙅᅛ⤖㹼ᮍᅛ⤖ࡢሁ✚ᒙࡀศᕸࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢሁ✚ᒙࡣࠊ⣙400ᖺ๓㹼30ᖺ๓ሁ✚ࡋ ࡓࠕྂ⍇⍈†ᒙ⩌ࠖ ࠊ⣙30ᖺᖺ๓~2ᖺ๓ሁ✚ࡋࡓࠕẁୣ┦ᙜᒙ㸦➨㸱ᅗࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺϩ㸧ࠖཬࡧ2ᖺ๓ ௨㝆ሁ✚ࡋࡓࠕἈ✚ᒙ㸦ྠࣘࢽࢵࢺϨ㸧㺁༊ศࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࠕྂ⍇⍈†ᒙ⩌ࠖࡣ➨㸰ᅗࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣᆅ ⾲⾲ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ 2 −298− ࡇࡢᇶ┙ᒾሁ✚ᒙࡢᆅୗቃ⏺㠃ࡣ㉳అ ᐩࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋᙪ᰿ᕷ࿘㎶ࡣࠊ㏆Ụ┅ᆅᮾ㒊ࡢ ୰࡛ࡶ≉ᇶ┙ᒾࡀὸࡃࠊᙪ᰿ᒣࠊబᒣ࡞ ࡢୣ㝠ᛶᒣᆅࡋ࡚ᆅ⾲⾲ࢀࠊࡑࡢ࿘ᅖ ࡢపᆅࢆẁୣ┦ᙜᒙἈ✚ᒙࡀᇙ✚ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࡢᇶ┙ᒾୖ࡛ࡣṔྐ௦ᆅ㟈⿕ᐖࡀ ᑡ࡞ࡃࠊᙪ᰿࡛1000㌺ࡶࡢᐙᒇࡀಽቯࡋࡓ ఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ1662ᖺᐶᩥᆅ㟈ࡢࡶࠊᇶ ┙ᒾୖ⨨ࡍࡿᙪ᰿ᇛᮏࡸᑎ♫࡛ࡣࡁ ࡞ᦆയࡢグ㘓ࡣ࡞࠸㸦ᑠᯇཎࠊ2006㸧㸴㸧ࠋ ᇛୗ⏫ᕷ⾤ᆅࡢẁୣሁ✚≀ࡢ୰ࡣ⣙9 ᖺ๓ࡢ㜿⸽ᒣࡢᕧᄇⅆࡼࡗ࡚ᕞ୰㒊ࡼ ࡾ㣕᮶ࡋࡓAso-4ࡤࢀࡿⅆᒣ⅊ᒙࡀㄆࡵ ࡽࢀࡿࠊẁୣሁ✚≀ࡢ᭱ୖ㒊ࡣᗈ࠸⠊ ᅖࢃࡓࡗ࡚⭉᳜ᅵࡀศᕸࡋࠊࡑࡢୗ㒊 ᕞ༡㒊ࡢጸⰋ࢝ࣝࢹࣛࡢ⣙26༓ᖺ~29༓ ➨㸱ᅗ ➨㸱ᅗࡢᆅ㉁᩿㠃⨨ᅗࡋࡵࡋࡓ┤⥺ἢࡗࡓᙪ᰿ ᖺ๓ࡢᕧᄇⅆࡼࡗ࡚㣕᮶ࡋࡓAT㸦⏫⏣ 㸶㸧 ࣭᪂ࠊ2003㸧 ࡤࢀࡿⅆᒣ⅊ᒙ㸦➨㸱 ᕷ୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅࡢᮾすᆅ㉁᩿㠃ᅗࠋ⦪ᶓẚࡀ㸯ᑐ㸯࡛࡞࠸ࡇ ᅗ୰ኸࡢᮒ⥺ࠋᕥ➃࡛ᶆ㧗70mࠊ୰ኸྑ㒊࡛ ὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋᑠᯇཎ࣭㛵すᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᴗ༠ᆅ┙ሗࢹ࣮ࢱ࣋ 㸵㸧 ᶆ㧗80m㸧ࡀศᕸࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ⭉᳜ᅵᒙࡣᙪ᰿ ࣮ࢫసᡂጤဨ㸦2010㸧 ࡼࡿࠋ 㥐㏆࡛ࡣᆅୗᩘmࠊᙪ᰿ᕷࡢ†ᓊ㏆࡛ ᆅୗ10㹼13㹫࠶ࡾࠊす῝ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ⣙15㹫௨ὸࡢẁୣ┦ᙜᒙ㸦➨㸱ᅗࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺϩ㸧ࡢୗྂ⍇⍈† ᒙ⩌ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྰࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛࡞࠸ࠋ ᙪ᰿ᕷࡢ⾲ᒙᆅ㉁ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿἈ✚ᒙࡣࠊ➨㸰ᅗ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ†ഃࡽ㡰ሐሁ✚≀ࠊෆ†࠾ ࡼࡧᚋ⫼‵ᆅሁ✚≀ࠊᡪ≧ᆅሁ✚≀༊ศࡉࢀࡿࠋሐሁ✚≀ࡣ†ᓊࡽ500㹫⛬ᗘࡢᖜࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᖏ≧ศ ᕸࡋࠊ◁♟ᒙࡸ◁ᒙࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋሐሁ✚≀ࡢᮾഃศᕸࡍࡿෆ†࠾ࡼࡧᚋ⫼‵ᆅሁ✚≀ࡣ ࡋ࡚㠀ᖖ㌾ᙅ࡞⭉᳜ᅵἾࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㒊ศⓗⱂᕝ࡞ࡢἙᕝἢ࠸౪⤥ࡉࢀࡓ◁ࡸ♟ ࢆᣳࡴࠋ ᙪ᰿ᇛࡢ༡᪉ᗈࡀࡿᪧᇛୗ⏫ࡣࠊࡘ࡚ἑᆅࡀⅬᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓሙᡤࢆ㛗ᖺ㛫㐀ᡂࡋࡓ㌾ᙅᆅ┙࡛࠶ ࡾࠊ㈡┴ෆ࡛ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤᆅ㟈⿕ᐖࢆⵚࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ࡞࡛ࡶᙪ᰿ᆅ᪉Ẽ㇟ྎࡣᚋ⫼‵ᆅሁ✚≀ࡀཌࡃศᕸࡍ ࡿᆅᇦࡢす➃㏆⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦➨㸰ᅗ㸧ࠋᙪ᰿Ẽ㇟ྎ࠾࠸࡚රᗜ┴༡㒊ᆅ㟈㈡┴ෆ᭱ࡢィ 㟈ᗘ㸦῝ᗘ5ᙅ㸧ࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾲ᒙᆅ┙᮲௳ࡸᙪ᰿ᒣ㏆ࡃ◳࠸ᇶ┙ᒾሁ✚ᒙࡀ ᛴഴᩳ࡛᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ᆅ┙᮲௳ࢆᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙪ᰿ᒣࡢഃࡣᮇᖸᣅࡉࢀ ࡿࡲ࡛ᯇཎෆ†ࡤࢀࡿෆ†ࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦➨㸰ᅗ㸧 ࠊෆ†ࡢࡰᇦ㠀ᖖ㌾ᙅ࡛ྵỈẚࡢ㧗࠸⭉ ᳜ᅵᒙࡀศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙪ᰿ᇛᴦࠎᅬࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡇࡢ㌾ᙅ࡞⭉᳜ᅵᒙࢆᇙࡵ❧࡚ࠊࡉࡽᕧ♟ࡸᒾ∦ࡼ ࡗ࡚┒ᅵࡋࡓୖ⠏ࢀࡓᗞᅬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᆅ ┙᮲௳ࡋ࡚ࡣⰋዲ࡞ሙᡤ࠶ࡿࡣ⪃࠼ ࡀࡓ࠸ࠋ 2006ᖺࠊ➨㸲ᅗୖࡢ㟷ࡢᢡࢀ⥺ࡢࡼ࠺ ࠊἼᒣᆅࡽ㈡┴༡㒊ࢆᶓษࡾ⃰ᑿ ᖹ㔝ࡲ࡛ࡰᮾすࡢࡰ100kmࡢ ⥺࡛ᆅ 㟈Ἴᑕἲ᥈ᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㸦బ⸨࣭ࠊ 2006㸧㸷㸧ࠋ➨㸲ᅗୗࡣࠊ῝ࡉ1.2kmࡲ࡛ࡢὸ 㒊ᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ୗ㒊ࡢ㉥Ⰽࡽ〓Ⰽࡢ㒊 ศࡀⰼᓵᒾࡢᇶ┙࡛ࠊ⣸ࡀ๓㏙ࡢᙅᅛ⤖㹼 ➨㸲ᅗ ୖ㸸ᆅ㉁ᅗ᭩࠸ࡓᑕἲࡢ ⥺ࠊୗ㸸῝ࡉ 1.2km ࡲ࡛ ᮍᅛ⤖ࡢᆅᒙࢆྵࡴሁ✚ᒙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢཌ ࡉࡣ⍇⍈†㒊ศ࡛1km⛬ᗘࠊᖹ㔝㒊య࡛ ࡢὸ㒊ᵓ㐀ࠋ㉥Ⰽࡽ〓Ⰽࡢᒙࡀᇶ┙ࡢⰼᓵᒾ㉁ᒙࠋ⣸Ⰽࡣሁ 㸷㸧 ✚ᒙࠋబ⸨࣭㸦2007㸧 ࡼࡿࠋ ࡣ200mࡽ500m࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⥺ࡣᙪ᰿ࡽ༡ −299− 3 ⣙10kmࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᙪ᰿㏆ഐࡢᆅ┙ࡢᵝᏊࡶᒁⓗ ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸲㸬ᮾ㏆Ụࡢᆅᙧά᩿ᒙ ➨㸳ᅗࡣࠊ㈡┴ศᕸࡍࡿά᩿ᒙࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢά ᩿ᒙࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ┴ᮾ㒊ࢆ༡㉮ࡿ㛵ࣨཎ-ᰗࢣ℩᩿ᒙᖏ ᒓࡍࡿᰗࢣ℩᩿ᒙࠊ㘫෬ᒇ᩿ᒙࠊ㛵ࣨཎ᩿ᒙ࡞ࡣࠊすഃ పୗࡢᡂศࢆక࠺ྑᶓࡎࢀ㐠ືᡂศࡀ༟㉺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㕥 㮵す⦕᩿ᒙᖏࡣᮾഃࡢ㕥㮵ᒣ⬦ࢆ㝯㉳ࡉࡏࡿᮾഴᩳࡢ㏫᩿ ᒙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙪ᰿ࡣࡇࢀࡽ2ࡘࡢ᩿ᒙᖏࡢ୰㛫㒊⨨ࡋࠊᙪ ᰿ࢆቃࡋ࡚༡࡛➨ᅄ⣖ᚋᮇࡢᆅẆኚືࡢᵝᘧࡀ␗࡞ ࡿࠋ ᙪ᰿௨࡛ࡣᰗࣨ℩㸫㛵ࣨཎ᩿ᒙᖏࡢすഃࡀỿ㝆ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊ†ᖹ㔝ࡣẁୣ㠃ࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ࡞࠸ୖࠊἈ✚ᒙࡢୗ ཌ࠸➨ᅄ⣔⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿሁ✚≀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸦ᒸ⏣ࠊ 2004㸧㸯㸮㸧ࠋJRᮾᾏ㐨ᮏ⥺ࡢ㏆Ụ㛗ᒸ㹼⡿ཎ㛫ࡢኳ㔝ᕝࡢᖜ ᩘ100㹫ࡢ㇂ἢ࠸ࡶἈ✚ᒙࡢୗ㢼⛬ᗘࡢ㧗࠸◁♟ࡸ ➨㸳ᅗ ㈡┴ศᕸࡍࡿά᩿ᒙ㸬㛵ࣨཎ-ᰗ ⭉᳜ࢆྵࡴཌ࠸㧗ẁୣሁ✚≀㸦ྂ⍇⍈†ᒙ⩌㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡍ ࡿ㸦ᑠᯇཎ࣭㛵すᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᴗ༠ᆅ┙ሗࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫస ࢣ℩᩿ᒙᖏᒓࡍࡿᰗࢣ℩᩿ᒙ㸪㘫෬ᒇ᩿ᒙ㸪 ᡂጤဨࠊ2010㸧㸵㸧ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ㧗ẁୣሁ✚≀ࡣ㜰ᖹ㔝ࡢ 㛵ࣨཎ᩿ᒙࠊ㕥㮵す⦕᩿ᒙᖏ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᑠᯇ 㸴㸧 ༓㔛ୣ㝠ࠊி㒔┅ᆅࡢᏱୣ㝠࡞ࡢᵓᡂᒙᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋ ཎ㸦2006㸧 ࡼࡿ 㘫෬ᒇ᩿ᒙࡣ⣙1000ᖺ๓௨㝆άືࡋࡓドᣐࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇ㸦ྜྷᒸࠊ2011㸧㸯㸯㸧ࡸࠊᰗࢣ℩᩿ᒙ༡㒊ࡀ13㹼14ୡ⣖ࡈࢁᆅ㟈ࡋ࡚άືࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ ࡀ㸦ᮡᒣ࣭ࠊ1993㸧㸯㸰㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᰗࢣ℩࣮㛵ࣨཎ᩿ᒙᖏࡣṔྐ௦ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ୍㒊ࡀ άືࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᙪ᰿௨༡࡛ࡣ㕥㮵す⦕᩿ᒙᖏ௨すࢆྵࡴ┅ᆅయࡀすഴື㸦すྥࡗ࡚ᶆ㧗ࡀపୗ㸧ࡋ㸦᳜ᮧࠊ 2001㸧㸯㸱㸧ࠊἙᕝἢ࠸ࡣすྥࡗ࡚⣼✚ⓗഴືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㧗㹼పࡢẁୣ㠃ࡀᗈࡃศᕸࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉ ࡛㕥㮵す⦕᩿ᒙᖏࡢάືᗘࡣపࡃࠊṔྐ௦࠾ࡅࡿάືࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ᙪ᰿ᕷࡣ୧ᆅᇦࡢቃ⨨ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᕷ⾤ᆅ࿘㎶᫂☜࡞ά᩿ᒙࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓᕷ⾤ᆅࡢ┤㏆ᙜ ࡓࡿ㕥㮵す⦕᩿ᒙᖏᖖᏳᑎ᩿ᒙࡣ㧗ẁୣࢆᩘ㹫~10m⛬ᗘኚࡉࡏࡿ㐣ࡂࡎάືᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ19ୡ⣖ࡣࣇࣜࣆࣥᾏࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢỿࡳ㎸ࡳక࠺⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡸࡸ῝࠸ᆅ㟈㸦1802ᖺாᆅ㟈࣭ 1819ᖺᩥᨻ㏆Ụᆅ㟈㸧ࡀ†ᮾᖹ㔝ᮾ㒊㏆࡛⏕ࡌࡿ࡞ࠊᙪ᰿ᕷ࿘㎶ࡀᆅ㟈ࡢᑡ࡞࠸ሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠺ࡇ ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋᐇࠊ㝃⾲♧ࡍ㈡┴࿘㎶ࡢᆅ㟈ྐࡽࡶศࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᙪ᰿ࡢᇛୗ⏫ࡣ⏫ࡢᡂ❧௨㝆 ㈡┴ࢆくࡗࡓᆅ㟈ࡢࡓࡧᐙᒇ⿕ᐖࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᆅ㟈ࡈࡁ࡞⿕ᐖࢆ⏕ࡌࡿᆅ༊ࡣ㈡┴ ෆ࡛ࡶᙪ᰿ࡢࠊෆ†ࡢ†␁⨨ࡍࡿ㧗ᓥᕷࡢ⁁ᆅ༊ࡸ†ࢆᇙࡵ❧࡚࡚ᘓタࡉࢀࡓὠᕷࡢ⮃ᡤᇛ ࡞୍㒊㝈ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ๓⠇࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ᙪ᰿ᇛୗ⏫ࡀᴟࡵ࡚㌾ᙅ࡞ᆅ┙ୖ❧ᆅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡼࡿࠋ 㸳㸬ᙪ᰿㏆ࡢṔྐᆅ㟈 ⾲ࡣࠊᮾ㏆Ụ⿕ᐖࢆ࠼ࡓ⪃ྂᆅ㟈Ṕྐᆅ㟈ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ≉ᙪ᰿࿘㎶ࡁ࡞⿕ᐖࢆ࠼ ࡓ㸲ࡘࡢṔྐᆅ㟈ࡘ࠸࡚ᡭ▷㏙ࡓ࠸ࠋ (1) ᐶᩥᆅ㟈㸦1662ᖺ6᭶16᪥ࠊ㹋=71/4㹼7.6㸧 ᐶᩥᖺ᭶୍᪥ࠊ⚟┴୕᪉㒆⨾⏫Ἀྜ࠸ࡢⱝ⊃‴ࡽ㐲ᩜ㒆ୖ୰⏫⮳ࡿ㛗ࡉ⣙26kmࡢ୕᪉᩿ᒙᖏ ᪥ྥ᩿ᒙࠊὠ⏫ࡽⰼᢡᓘ㏆ࡲ࡛㛗ࡉࡰ26kmࡢⰼᢡ᩿ᒙᖏ㒊ࢆ㟈※᩿ᒙࡍࡿᆅ㟈ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊ ி㒔࡛ࡣࠊ⏫ᒇࡢಽቯࡣ⣙1,000ࠊṚ⪅ࡣ200వྡࡉࢀࡿࠋ㈡┴࡛ࡣࠊ⍇⍈†ࡢすഃࢆ୰ᚰ⿕ᐖࡀࡁ ࡃࠊ†ᓊᇦࡢỿ㝆ࡸᾮ≧⌧㇟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋὠᕷⴱᕝᱵࣀᮌ⏫㹼⏫ᒃ⏫㏆ࡢᮙ㇂࡛つᶍ࡞ᒣయᔂቯࡀⓎ −300− 4 ⏕ࡋࡓࠋᙪ᰿ᇛ࡛ࡣࠊ▼ᇉࡀ500㹼600㛫௨ୖᔂⴠ ࡋࠊ30ேࢆ㉺࠼ࡿṚ⪅ࡀฟࡓࠋ୕ࢶ▮༓㌺㑇㊧ 㸦㧗ᓥᕷ㸧ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡁࠊᆅࡾࡼࡗ࡚Ỉἐࡋ ࡓ㸦㈡┴ᩥ㈈ಖㆤ༠ࠊ㸧㸯㸲㸧ࠋ (2) ᩥᨻ㏆Ụᆅ㟈㸦1819ᖺ8᭶2᪥ࠊ㹋=7㹼7.5㸧 ᩥᨻᖺභ᭶༑᪥ࠊᆅ㟈ࡀఀໃ࣭⨾࣭⃰㏆ Ụࢆくࡗࡓࠋ㟈ኸࡣᙪ᰿㏆㎶࡛ࠊ㟈ᗘϬ⃭㟈ᇦࡢ ༙ᚄࡣ100km௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦➨㸴ᅗ㸧 ࠋᙪ᰿ᇛ࡛ࡣࠊ ▼ᇉ࣭ᅵ␃▼ࡢᔂࢀࡸࡣࡽࡳ㸦Ꮞ㸧ࡀ6ࣨᡤ࡛㉳ࡇ ࡾࠊ⣙70㛫㐩ࡋࡓࠋ㏆Ụඵᖭᕷ࡛₽ᐙ82ࠊ༙₽ 160ࠊṚ⪅5ྡࠊᙪ᰿ᕷࡢすࡢ⏑࿅࡛ࡣࠊ105㌺୰70 వࡀ₽ࢀࡓࠋ⡿ཎᕷࡢᑦỤ༓㌺㑇㊧ࡀᆅࡾࡼ ࡗ࡚Ỉἐࡋࡓࡉࢀࡿ㸦㈡┴ᩥ㈈ಖㆤ༠ࠊ 㸧㸯㸲㸧ࠋ ➨㸴ᅗ ᩥᨻ㏆Ụᆅ㟈㸦1819㸪ᩥᨻᖺࠊ㹋=71/4 s 㟈ኸࡽ㞳ࢀࡓ㔠ἑ࡛ࡶ₽ᐙࠊி㒔࡛▼ⅉ⡲ከ 1/4㸧ࡼࡿ㟈ᗘศᕸࠋ㟈ኸࡣᙪ᰿㏆㎶ࠋ㟈ᗘ㸳ࡢ⃭㟈ᇦ ࡃಽࢀࠊዉⰋࡢ᪥♫ࡢⅉ⡲ࡀ8ศ㏻ࡾಽࢀࠊᩔ ࡢ༙ᚄࡣ 100km ௨ୗࠋ᭱᪂∧᪥ᮏ⿕ᐖ⥲ぴ[416]-2001 ㈡࣭ฟ▼࣭ụ⏣࣭㜰࣭㒆ᒣ࡞࡛ࡶ⿕ᐖࡀ 㸳㸧 㸦Ᏹబ⨾ࠊ2003㸧 ࡢᅗ 229-1ࠋ ࠶ࡾࠊỤᡞ࡛ࡶ㛗㛫ࡺࢀࡓࠋ㟈※᩿ᒙࡣ࡛᫂ ࠶ࡿࡀࠊవ㟈ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࠊ㟈ᗘ㸳ࡀᗈ ⠊ᅖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊࣇࣜࣆࣥᾏࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢỿࡳ㎸ࡳࡶ࡞࠺ࡸࡸ῝Ⓨࡢᆅ㟈⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦▼ᶫࠊ 1999㸧㸯㸳㸧ࠋ (3) ఀ㈡ୖ㔝ᆅ㟈㸦1854ᖺ7᭶9᪥ࠊ㹋=7㹼7.5㸧 Ọᖺභ᭶༑᪥ࠊᮌὠᕝ᩿ᒙࢆᆅ㟈᩿ᒙࡍࡿᆅ㟈ࡀくࡗࡓࠋᆅ⾲ࡣᆅ㟈᩿ᒙࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡓࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙪ᰿ᇛࡣࠊᮏ༡ഃࡢ▼ᇉࡢᔂࢀࡸᏎࡳࡢ⿕ᐖࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋఀ㈡ࠊఀໃࠊࢆ୰ᚰࠊṚ⪅1300ே ࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ≛≅⪅ࢆฟࡋࠊዉⰋࡢྂᕷ࡛ࡣሐࡀỴቯࡋ࡚⣙60ேࡀṚࡠ࡞ࡁ࡞⿕ᐖࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋ (4) ጜᕝᆅ㟈㸦1909ࠊ㹋=6.8㸧 1909ᖺ㸦᫂42ᖺ㸧8᭶14᪥ࠊጜᕝᆅ㟈㸦Ụ⃰ᆅ㟈ࡶゝ࠺㸧ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ㟈※᩿ᒙࡣᰗ㺗℩᩿ᒙࡢ༡᪉ᘏ 㛗ୖࠊ㛵ࣨཎ᩿ᒙ㞜⾜ࡍࡿ₯ᅾⓗ࡞᥎ᐃά᩿ᒙᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙪ᰿㹼ᇉ㛫ࡢỈ‽㊰⥺ࡢᨵ 㸦1899 㹼1917ᖺ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ᯽ཎ㹼㡲㛫࡛ࠊ⣙6cm⛬ᗘࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ ᮾഃ㝯㉳ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ᩿ᒙࢆᣳࡴ୧ഃᆅ┙ࡣす㧗ᮾపࡢഴ ື≧ࡢኚࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢᆅ㟈ࡢࠊ㈡┴㛗ᕷᮾ㒊࡛ࡁ࡞⿕ᐖࡀ⏕ࡌ ࡓࠋ⿕ᐖࡣጜᕝ୰ୗὶ࡛ࡁࡃࠊ㛵ࣨཎᓙ㇂㒊ࡽ⃰ᑿᖹ 㔝すᇦཬࢇࡔࠋṚയ⪅ࡸಽ₽ᐙᒇࡣᮾὸ㒆㞟୰ࡋ ࡓࡀࠊᒱ㜧┴ᇦ࡛ࡶᒣᔂࢀ࡞ࡢᆅኚࡀከࡃⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ ㈡⦩ᙪ᰿ ೃᡤ㸦1911㸧㸯㸴㸧ࡼࢀࡤࠊጜᕝἙཱྀ㏆ࡸ †పࡣࠊᮾす200㛫㸦360m㸧ࠊ༡300㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ2ᑻ 㸦0.6m㸧ࡽ15㹼20㸦45㹼60m㸧ࡢ῝ࡉ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ†ᓊ ࡣከᩘࡢடࢆ⏕ࡌࠊࡇࢀࡽࡼࡾ␗⮯ඹ5㹼6ᑻࡢ㧗 ࡉ࠾ࡼࡪἾỈࢆᄇฟࡋ࡚ࠊ7㹼8ศᚋ✺↛Ṇࡋࡓࠋࡲ ࡓࠊᅵᆅࡢ㝗ἐᘬࡁ⥆࠸࡚ࠊ†ᓊࡣ6ᑻ㸦1.8m㸧࠾ࡼ ࡪἼࡀᢲࡋᐤࡏࡓࠋ 㸴㸬ᙪ᰿ࡢ⿕ᐖᐃ ᆅ㟈ㄪᰝጤဨࡢࠕ㕥㮵す⦕᩿ᒙᖏࡢホ౯ࠖ 㸦2004㸧㸯㸵㸧 ࡞ࡼࢀࡤࠊᙪ᰿ᕷᙉ࠸ᆅ㟈ືࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ ࡿ㸦㏆ࡃ࠶ࡗ࡚㹋ࡀࡁ࠸㸧ࡢࡣࠊ㕥㮵す⦕᩿ᒙᖏࠊᰗ −301− 5 ➨㸵ᅗ 㕥㮵ᒣ⬦す⦕᩿ᒙᖏࡢᐃᆅ㟈 㸦M7.6㸧ࡼࡿ㟈ᗘศᕸࠋ୰ኸ㜵⅏◊✲ᡤ㆟ 㸯㸶㸧 㸦2006㸧 ࡼࡿࠋ ࣨ℩࣭㛵ࣨཎ᩿ᒙᖏࠊ⍇⍈†すᓊ᩿ᒙᖏ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ➨㸵ᅗࡣࠊ୰ኸ㜵⅏㆟㸦2006㸧1㸶㸧ࡼࡿࠊ㕥㮵す⦕᩿ ᒙᖏࡀ㟈※᩿ᒙ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡢᐃ㟈ᗘศᕸࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛ࠊࣔࢹࣝࡼࡗ࡚㟈ᗘࡢศᕸࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣᚤጁ␗࡞ ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜࡶᙪ᰿࿘㎶ᆅᇦࡣ㟈ᗘ㸴ᙉ࡞ࡿࠋ ᙪ᰿ࡀࡶࡗࡶ⏝ᚰࡍࡁᆅ㟈ࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊᆅ㟈ㄪᰝጤဨ㸦2012㸧㸯㸷㸧ࡢ㛗ᮇホ౯࡛30ᖺⓎ⏕☜⋡70% ࡢᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈ࠊ30ᖺⓎ⏕☜⋡60%ࡢ༡ᾏᆅ㟈࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᆅ㟈ࡼࡿᙪ᰿ࡢᐃ㟈ᗘࡣ㸴ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ 㸱ศࡶࡢ㛗㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᆅ㟈ືࡀ⥆ࡃࡢ࡛ࠊෆ㝣ᆺᆅ㟈ࡼࡿ㟈ᗘ㸴ᙅࡢሙྜẚ࡚ࠊ⿕ᐖࡣ㐭῝ ้࡞ࡿணࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ2011ᖺᮾᆅ᪉ኴᖹὒἈᆅ㟈ࡢሙྜࡢ⚟ᓥ┴⚟ᓥᕷࡸ࠸ࢃࡁᕷࠊⲈᇛ┴ࡢ Ỉᡞᕷࡸ㮵ᔱᕷ࡞ࡢᦂࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋᙪ᰿ᕷ୍ᖏ࡛ࡣࠊᇙࡵ❧࡚ᆅࢆ୰ᚰつᶍ࡞ᾮ≧ࡶⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸵㸬 ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢᘓ⠏Ꮫⓗᵓ㐀ࡘ࠸࡚ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡣᖹᒇ❧࡚࡛ࠊᒇ᰿ࡣᒇ᰿ࡢᐤࡏᲷ㐀ࡾᘓ≀እ࿘㒊ୗᒇࢆ㓄⨨ࡋࠊ㠃ࢆẚ㍑ⓗ㍍㔞 ࡞ᰠⵌࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┿2ࡢࡼ࠺ࡁ࡞ᒾ▼ࢆேᕤⓗ✚ࡳୖࡆࡓ⠏ᒣࢆᆅ┙ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬↛▼ࢆຍᕤࡋ ࡓࡢ▼࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⋢▼ࡢୖᅵྎࢆᩜ࠸࡚ᘓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᵓ㐀ࡣᮌ㐀㍈⤌ᵓἲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᥋ྜ㒊ࡣ㔠≀ࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡎᮌ⤌ࡳࡼࡿఏ⤫ⓗᵓἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋせ࡞ᮦࡣᰢᮦࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᙪ᰿ᕷᩥ㈈ㄢࠊ⚾ಙ㸧ࠋ ᰕ⬮㒊ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣ┿3♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ⣙360135ੈ⛬ᗘ㸦⫼ᖜ㸧ࡢ㊊ᅛࡵ㸦ᰕ┦ࢆỈᖹࡘ࡞ࡄᮌ ᮦ㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡋ࡚ሀᅛ୍యࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᰕ㊊ᅛࡵࡢ᥋ྜ㒊ࡣࠊ㊊ᅛࡵഃ㠃ࢆḞࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛ࠊᰕࡢഃ㠃ࡽ᥋ ┿ ᒾ▼ࡼࡿ⠏ᒣ ┿ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢᰕ⬮㒊㊊ᅛࡵ ┿ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢᐊෆ ┿ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢഃ㝶ࡍࡿᘓ⠏≀ −302− 6 ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḞࡁ㎸ࡳ㒊ศࡣᰕ᩿㠃ࡢ༙ศ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓす⃝࣭୰ᕝ㸦1997㸧㸱㸧ࡼࢀࡤḞࡁ㎸ࡳࡣࡍ ࡚㊊ᅛࡵഃ࡛ᰕഃࡢḞᦆࡣ↓࠸ࠋ ᰕࡣᴫࡡ105ੈゅ⛬ᗘ࡛ቨࡣᅵሬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅ㟈ᢠࡍࡿせ࡞⪏㟈せ⣲ࡣᰕࠊᅵሬࡾቨࠊ㊊ᅛࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊ┿4♧ࡍࡼ࠺ᐊෆࡣᗋࡢ㛫ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ᭩㝔㐀ࡾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᰕࡸቨࡣ㠀ᖖᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ㛤ཱྀ㒊ୖ㓄⨨ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᆶࢀቨ㸦ኳࡽᆶࢀୗࡀࡗࡓ㏵୰ࡲ࡛ࡋ࡞࠸ቨ㸧㊊ᅛࡵࡀ㔜せ࡞⪏㟈せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡓᅇࡢどᐹ࡛ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㰺⏣㸦1940㸧㸯㸧ࡼࢀࡤࠊせᡤ㞼➽࠸ࢆタ⨨ࡋ࡚ᑠᒇ⤌ࡢ๛ ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᘓ≀㔜㔞ࡀ㍍㔞࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣᘓ⠏≀స⏝ࡍࡿᆅ㟈ຊ ࡀ㍍ῶࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᰕ⬮㒊ࢆሀᅛ୍యࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᆅ㟈ᰕ⬮㒊ࡀಶࠎᣲືࡏࡎᒁᡤⓗ࡞ᦆቯ ࡀᢚไࡉࢀࡿ㸦≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀάືἲே⥳ࡢิᓥࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊ2010㸧㸰㸮㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ⪏㟈ୖ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ⪏㟈せ⣲ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇࡸᒾ▼ࡼࡿ⠏ᒣࡢᔂቯࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡞ࡣ⪏㟈ୖᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿ㡯࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡣࠊ┿5♧ࡍࡼ࠺⮬↛▼ࡢୖᰕࢆᘓ࡚࡚ᘓ≀㒊ศࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿᴟࡵ࡚Ᏻᐃ࡞≧ែ࡛ ᘓ⠏≀ࡀ㝶ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㝶ᘓ≀ࡢಽቯక࠺ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢᦆയࡶᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࠋ 㸵㸬ࡲࡵ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡀ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤࡣࠊ100m⛬ᗘࡢ✵㛫ⓗࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡣࠊᆅ┙ࡣ⣙30ᖺᖺ๓~2ᖺ๓ ሁ✚ࡋࡓẁୣ┦ᙜᒙ࡛⪏㟈ⓗࡣⰋ࠸ᆅ┙࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ10mࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡣ2ᖺ๓௨㝆ሁ✚ࡋࡓ⪏㟈ⓗ ࡣ㌾ᙅ࡞Ἀ✚ᒙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ㏆Ụᖹ㔝୍ᖏࡣࠊᙪ᰿ᇛࡀᘓ࡚ࡽࢀࡓᙪ᰿ᒣࢆᆺࡋ࡚ࠊᑠࢫࢣ࣮ ࣝࡢᇶ┙ࡢพฝࡀከࡃぢࡽࢀࠊ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢୗࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺ୖฝࡢⰋ࠸ᆅ┙࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࡞࠸ࡣ࠸ ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡣࠊ ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢഃࢆ㉮ࡿ ⥺࡛ᑕἲ᥈ᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ᆅୗᵓ㐀ࢆㄪࡿ ࡣ↓࠸ࠋ ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡃᙉ㟈ືண ࢆ୰ᚰ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋෆ㝣ᆅ㟈࠸࠺」ྜ⅏ᐖࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ ༴㝤ᛶࡢ㧗࠸⮬↛⌧㇟࡛ࡣࠊᆅᇦࡈࠊᆅ┙ᵓ㐀ࡽάᵓ㐀ࢆ㸯ࡘࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ᳨࡛ウࡍࡿ᪉㏵ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡁ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ㅰ㎡㸸 ࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢどᐹࢆチྍࡋ࡚㡬࠸ࡓᙪ᰿ᕷᩥ㈈ಖㆤㄢࠊ⌧ᆅࢆෆࡋ࡚㡬࠸ࡓྠㄢࡢᕝᜤᏊẶࠊ ி㒔ఏ⤫ᘓ⠏ᢏ⾡༠ࡢᒣ୰㎮᫂Ặ῝ࡃឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋᕝᜤᏊẶࡣཎ✏ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊከࡃࡢ ㄗࡾࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᆅどᐹࡢⴭ⪅௨እࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡑࡢᑓ㛛ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ❧㤋 ᏛᩥᏛ㒊ࡢྜྷ㉺ஂ㸦Ỉ⅏ᐖ㸧 ࠊྠṔྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢㄶゼᾈ㸦ᅵ◁⅏ᐖ㸧ࠊி㒔Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ㒊ࡢ୰す ୍㑻㸦ᆅ㟈Ꮫ㸧 ࠊᮾிᏛᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤࡢすᒣோ㸦Ṕྐ⅏ᐖ㸧ࠊ⚄ᡞᏛྡᩍᤵࡢ㧗ᶫᫀ᫂㸦᪥ᮏྐ㸧ࠊ ᩍᏛᩥᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢ㑚₶୕㸦Ṕྐ⅏ᐖ㸧ࠊ㈡┴❧Ꮫ⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ㒊ࡢ㧗⏣㇏ᩥ㸦ᮌ㐀ᘓ⠏⪏㟈㸧ࠊ ᙪ᰿ᆅ᪉Ẽ㇟ྎࡢ┿◁♩ᏹ㸦ᆅ㟈㜵⅏㸧ࠊᘓㄪᰝタィࡢ୰す᫂㸦ఏ⤫ⓗᘓ㐀≀⪏㟈㸧ࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1) 㰺⏣ኴ㑻㸦1940㸧㸸ᙪ᰿ᇛᴦࠎᅬᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࡘ࠸࡚㸬ᮾிᏛᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤᙡሗࠊ692-697. 2) ụ㔝ಖ㸦1996㸧㸸⪏㟈ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓṔྐⓗᘓ㐀≀ࡢ୍㸫ᙪ᰿ᇛᴦࠎᅬࠕᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖ㸫㸬㈡┴ᩍ⫱ጤဨ㸬 3) す⃝ṇᾈ࣭୰ᕝṊ㸦1997㸧㸸ࠕᙪ᰿ᇛᴦࠎᅬᆅ㟈ࡢ㛫ࠖࡢ⪏㟈ィ⏬࠾ࡅࡿ୍⪃ᐹ㸬Ꮫ⾡ㅮ₇◊✲Ⓨ⾲᱾ᴫ㞟㸬 211-212. 4) ᙪ᰿ᇛ༤≀㤋㸦1995㸧㸸ᙪ᰿ᇛࡢಟ⠏ࡑࡢṔྐ㸬ᙪ᰿ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨࠊ25p㸬 5) Ᏹబ⨾㱟ኵ(2003)㸸ࠗ᭱᪂∧ ᪥ᮏ⿕ᐖᆅ㟈⥲ぴ[416]㸫2001࠘㸬ᮾிᏛฟ∧㸬 6) ᑠᯇཎ⌶(2006) 㸸ᐶᩥᖺ(1662)㏆Ụ࣭ⱝ⊃ᆅ㟈ࡢᆅ㟈ീ⿕⅏ᆅ༊ࡢṔྐᆅ⌮ⓗ⪃ᐹ㸬ி㒔Ṕྐ⅏ᐖ◊✲㸬5, 21-38㸬 7) ᑠᯇཎ⌶࣭㛵すᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᴗ༠ᆅ┙ሗࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫసᡂጤဨ(2010)㸸㏆Ụ┅ᆅࡢᆅୗᆅ㉁㸬ᆅᏛ㞧ㄅࠊ119, 683-708. 8) ⏫⏣ὒ࣭᪂ᡣ㞝(2003)㸸᪂⦅ⅆᒣ⅊ࢺࣛࢫ㹙᪥ᮏิᓥࡑࡢ࿘㎶㹛㸬ᮾிᏛฟ∧ࠊ336p. 9) బ⸨ẚ࿅ᚿ࣭ᖹ⏣┤࣭ᒾᓮ㈗ဢ࣭⧴⧭୍㉳࣭ఀ⸨₩࣭ᱵ⏣ᗣᘯ࣭ఀ⸨㇂⏕࣭➟ཎᩗྖ࣭ຍ⸨┤Ꮚ㸦2006㸧㸸㏆␥ᆅẆ ᵓ㐀᥈ᰝ㸬㒔ᕷ⅏ᐖ㍍ῶ≉ูࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩ࠊ538-553㸬 10)ᒸ⏣⠜ṇ(2004)㸸ᰗࢣ℩᩿ᒙ༡㒊࠾ࡅࡿ➨ᅄ⣖ᚋᮇࡢ⣼✚ኚ㔞ᖹᆒኚ㏿ᗘ㸬ά᩿ᒙ◊✲㸬24, 129-138. −303− 7 11)ྜྷᒸᩄ(2011)㸸㏆␥࣭୰㒊ቃ⏺ᆅᇦ࿘㎶ࡢά᩿ᒙࡢάືᮇṔྐᆅ㟈㸬᪥ᮏά᩿ᒙᏛ2011ᖺ⛅ᏘᏛ⾡ㅮ ₇ண✏㞟ࠊ64-65. 12)ᮡᒣ㞝୍࣭⢖⏣Ὀኵ࣭ఢ ᰤྜྷ࣭ྜྷᒸᩄ(1993)㸸1992ᖺᰗࣨ℩᩿ᒙ㸦ᳺᆏᆅ༊㸧ࢺࣞࣥࢳㄪᰝ㸬ά᩿ᒙ◊✲㸬11, 100-109 13)᳜ᮧၿ༤(2001)㸸ẚ㍑ኚືᆅᙧㄽ㸫ࣉ࣮ࣞࢺቃ⏺ᇦࡢᆅᙧ➨ᅄ⣖ᆅẆኚື㸫㸬ྂ᭩㝔ࠊ203p㸬 14)㈡┴ᩥ㈈ಖㆤ༠㸦2010㸧㸸ࡧࢃࡇỈ୰⪃ྂᏛࡢୡ⏺ࠊࢧࣥࣛࢬฟ∧ࠊ198p㸬 15)▼ᶫඞᙪ㸦1999㸧㸸ࣇࣜࣆࣥᾏࢫࣛࣈෆ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ1819㸦ᩥᨻ㸧ᖺ㏆Ụᆅ㟈㸪1999ᖺᆅ⌫ᝨᫍ⛉Ꮫ㛵㐃Ꮫ ྜྠண✏㞟㸦CD-ROM㸧㸪As-005㸬 16)㈡⦩ᙪ᰿ ೃᡤ㸦1911㸧㸸᫂ᅄ༑ᖺඵ᭶༑ᅄ᪥㏆Ụᅜጜᕝᆅ㟈ሗ࿌㸬 17)ᆅ㟈ㄪᰝጤဨ㸦2004㸧㸸㕥㮵す⦕᩿ᒙᖏࡢ㛗ᮇホ౯㸬 http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/04sep_suzukanisi/index.htm. 18)୰ኸ㜵⅏㆟㸦2006㸧㸸୰㒊ᅪࠊ㏆␥ᅪ┤ୗࡢᆅ㟈ࡢ㟈ᗘศᕸࡢබ⾲ࡘ࠸࡚㸬 19)ᆅ㟈ㄪᰝጤဨ㸦2012㸧㸸ᾏ⁁ᆺᆅ㟈ࡢ㛗ᮇホ౯ࡢᴫせ.㸬http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/choukihyoka/kaikou.htm. 20)≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀάືἲே⥳ࡢิᓥࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦2010㸧㸸ఏ⤫ⓗᵓἲࡢタィἲసᡂཬࡧᛶ⬟᳨ドᐇ㦂᳨ウጤဨ㸬ᖹᡂ22 ᖺᗘᅜᅵ㏻┬⿵ຓᴗሗ࿌᭩㸬 㝃⾲ ᙪ᰿⿕ᐖࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ⪃ྂᆅ㟈⿕ᐖᆅ㟈 㸦1707ᖺ௨๓ࡢ༡ᾏࢺࣛࣇࡢᾏ⁁ᆺᆅ㟈ࡣ㝖ࡃ㸧 ᆅ㟈ྡ ௦ 㹋 㟈※ࡲࡓࡣ ⿕ᐖ≧ἣ࣭ᆅ㟈᩿ᒙ ⿕ᐖࡢ୰ᚰ ⦖ᩥ௦ᬌᮇ ⣙2400㹼 ࡢᆅ㟈 ኳᘏᒣᇛ࣭ †すᆅ᪉ ᫂ †༡㹼 ከᩘࡢ㑇㊧࡛ᾮ≧㊧ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗ᓥᕷࡢ㔪Ụ †すᆅ᪉㸽 †ᗏ㑇㊧࡛ࡣỈἐࠋ㉳㟈᩿ᒙᮍᐃࠋ 2800ᖺ๓ ᘺ⏕௦୰ᮇ ⣙2000ᖺ ࡢᆅ㟈 ᫂ ࡀ㉳㟈᩿ᒙ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ๓ 976ᖺ 6.7௨ୖ ி㒔࣭ 1185ᖺ 7.4⛬ᗘ ㏆Ụ༡す㒊 ㏆Ụᆅ㟈 ඖᬺ㏆Ụ࣭ ㏆Ụᅜᗓ࣭ᅜศᑎ࡞ಽቯࠋி㒔࡛ࡶಽቯᐙᒇከ࠸ࠋ ㏆Ụ༡す㒊 ᒣᇛᆅ㟈 ṇ୰㏆Ụ㒊 ࣭ி㒔 1325ᖺ 6.5s1/4 ㏆Ụ㒊 1586ᖺ 7.8s0.1 ㉺୰࣭㣕㦌 ᰗࢣ℩᩿ᒙࡀ㉳㟈᩿ᒙ㸽 1662ᖺ 7 1/4㹼7.6 ᆅ㟈 ᐆỌᆅ㟈 ẚཿᒣ࿘㎶ி㒔ᮾ㒊࡛⿕ᐖࠋ⍇⍈†ࡢỈࡀὶࡋ ➉⏕ᓥࡸ†ࡢᒣᆅ࡛ᔂቯⓎ⏕ࠋ ࣭⨾࣭⃰ఀໃ ᐶᩥ㏆Ụⱝ⊃ ㉳㟈᩿ᒙᮍᐃࠋ ᚋỈᅇࠋ⍇⍈†すᓊ᩿ᒙᖏ༡㒊ࡀ㉳㟈᩿ᒙࠋ ᆅ㟈 ኳṇᆅ㟈 㧗ᓥᕷࡢ௮すᾏ㐨㑇㊧࡛ᄇ◁ࠋ⍇⍈†すᓊ᩿ᒙᖏ㒊 1707ᖺ 8.6 ㏆Ụ࡛ࡣ㛗࣭⁁࡞࡛⿕ᐖࠋᗉᕝ᩿ᒙ࣭㜿ᑎ᩿ᒙ ࣭㣴⪁᩿ᒙ࡞ࡀ㉳㟈᩿ᒙࠋ †すᆅ᪉ ⰼᢡ᩿ᒙἢ࠸ᙪ᰿࣭⁁࡞࡛⿕ᐖࠋ᭱ࡢṚ⪅ࡣ ࣭ⱝ⊃୰㒊 ⏫ᒃᔂࢀࡼࡿࠋ᪥ྥ᩿ᒙⰼᢡ᩿ᒙ㒊ࡀ㉳㟈᩿ᒙࠋ ᮾᾏἈ ༡ᾏࢺࣛࣇࡢゎ㞠㗪ᆺᆅ㟈ࠋ㏆Ụ࡛900వ㌺ࡢᐙᒇᦆቯࠋ 㹼ᅄᅜἈ ᙪ᰿࡛Ṛ⪅࠶ࡾࠋ ாᆅ㟈 1802ᖺ 6.5㹼7.0 †ᮾᆅ᪉ ᙪ᰿࡞࡛⿕ᐖⓎ⏕ࠋ ᩥᨻ㏆Ụᆅ㟈 1819ᖺ 7 1/4s1/4 †ᮾᆅ᪉ ㏆Ụඵᖭ࣭ᙪ᰿࣭⁁࡞࡛⿕ᐖࠋ ࡸࡸ῝࠸ᆅ㟈⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᩥᨻி㒔ᆅ㟈 1830ᖺ 6.5s0.2 Ᏻᨻఀ㈡ୖ㔝 1854ᖺ 7 1/4s1/4 1854ᖺ 8.4 ⃰ᑿᆅ㟈 1891ᖺ 8.0 ᒱ㜧┴す㒊 ㈡┴࡛ࡣṚ⪅6ྡࠋ ጜᕝᆅ㟈 1909ᖺ 6.8 †ᆅ᪉ ጲ࡛⿕ᐖࠋ㈡┴ࡢṚ⪅35ྡࠋ㉳㟈᩿ᒙᮍᐃࠋ ༡ᾏᆅ㟈 1946ᖺ 8.0 ⣖ఀ༙ᓥἈ ༡ᾏࢺࣛࣇࡢᾏ⁁ᆺᆅ㟈ࠋ㈡┴ࡢṚ⪅3ྡࠋ ி㒔 ὠ࡛Ṛ⪅࠶ࡾࠋி㒔┅ᆅす㒊ࡢᒁᆅⓗ࡞ᆅ㟈ࠋ ఀ㈡ᆅ᪉ ㏆Ụ༡㒊࡛Ṛ⪅࠶ࡾࠋᮌὠᕝ᩿ᒙࡀ㉳㟈᩿ᒙࠋ ᮾᾏἈ ༡ᾏࢺࣛࣇࡢᾏ⁁ᆺᆅ㟈ࠋᙪ᰿࡛Ṛ⪅࠶ࡾࠋ ᆅ㟈 Ᏻᨻᮾ༡ᾏ࣭ ༡ᾏᆅ㟈 㹼ᅄᅜἈ 㹼ᅄᅜἈ −304− 8