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QQQ (2)
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V 8+l .L996P V-Q !- "8E.<FG# R" 19 2X-4567\- H?IJ8+K$:%7+. 9L8 6l+ /t7.4-.l+. +&'M()*- +8.,-.8 9:l+.PFL L-s4P + N+/CO0)P EQR "S1TU-VWP%,- 18 2X3- Y5Z2[ % 4567\.7P%898+. : :]7;<:]7+ 456^=C_ /`>W+.,6P 7ab ?-@AcB:Dd8+. -CDE:F$GH:"efI 8+. 9L8/`:>YJ8 g-KhD,6'L L-i7P :MNjM. FkGH&:O+.l P 6P.-j!Q" :R6l+ bST#. U:GH&V8.D4` :m(E nB:6D-WX:Y8o+p%q-E0 Zrs [:kto+%\uvwo vC] D^-x+Ny_z`{a2b|co} ~ 4 H (1851) 4 d:Me4 +QRf8 dNgThi :R, -U:6%D7+j\:3 kl +.mn - sVL2ol+. P pqdN-Cr1!st!E, u!vd!w!xW, 364 ῒ :?h8+MlXM( . -QR ΐ .0<:c8NP ῑῐ῏ 1) 1971, =A L 2) F 1950, n ¡<Pm¢ :£l+ῌn}ῌ} =¤¥¦A 11, 12, 13 3) F 1968, n§¡<Pm¢ :£l+ῌn}ῌ} =@1 A ¨7 4) - © !ª¡ 1972, n>>?@«t} = A @st¢¬ 65" £¤ 5) ¥¦§¨ 1943, =1N<P^©ªV A ®¤ 6) ¥¦§¨ N 1986, 1987, =#2@1A ¯7°>± 7) «¬ 1917, =²$³A £¤ 8) - 1984, n} =®3A ´µ ¶·¯ 9) m¸° 1982, n±²\³Z} =Z1 #A ´@µ 10) ®¹º»\ 1935, =mn =¶A · 5, 7 ¼ £¤ 11) Lalande J. J. L. de, 1792, Astronomie, 3 éd., 3 vols, Paris 12) Delambre J.-B. J., 1819, ‘Lalande,’ Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, t. 23, Paris ¸ 2005 H 6 ῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍ (2) 13) Wolf C., 1909, Histoire de l’observatoire de Paris de sa foundation ◊1793, a Paris 14) Observatoire de Paris, 1990, L’observatoire de Paris, son histoire (1667ῌ1963), 2 éd 15) Daumas M., 1953, Les Instruments scientifiqus aux XVIIe et XVIIIe sie ◊cles, Presses Universitaires de France 16) Pannekoek A., 1989, A history of astronomy, Dover On Tokugawa Bakufu’s Astronomical O$cials Keiji YAMADA Gozyobashi-higashi 6ῌ510ῌ24, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605ῌ0846, Japan Abstract : Tokugawa Bakufu’s astronomical o$ce, established in 1684, is the post for calendar reform. The reform was conducted when the calendar did not predict peculiar celestial phenomena, such as solar or lunar eclipses. It was, so to speak, the theme of the ancient astronomy. From removal of the embargo on importing western science books in 1720, Japanese astronomers studied European astronomy and attempted to apply its knowledge to calendar making. Moreover, they knew the Copernican system and also faced several modern astronomical subjects. The French astronomer Lalande’s work “ASTRONOMY” exerted particularly strong influence on astronomers. This paper overviews the activities of Paris observatory and French astronomers in the 17th and 18th centuries, and survey what modern astronomical subjects were. Finally, it sketches a role of the Edo observatory played in the Japanese cultural history. 98 6 1 2 2 2 365