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11) Lalande J. J. L. de, 1792, Astronomie, 3 éd., 3 vols, Paris
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῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍῍ (2)
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On Tokugawa Bakufu’s Astronomical
O$cials
Keiji YAMADA
Gozyobashi-higashi 6ῌ510ῌ24, Higashiyama-ku,
Kyoto 605ῌ0846, Japan
Abstract : Tokugawa
Bakufu’s
astronomical
o$ce, established in 1684, is the post for
calendar reform. The reform was conducted
when the calendar did not predict peculiar
celestial phenomena, such as solar or lunar
eclipses. It was, so to speak, the theme of the
ancient astronomy.
From removal of the
embargo on importing western science books in
1720, Japanese astronomers studied European
astronomy and attempted to apply its knowledge
to calendar making. Moreover, they knew the
Copernican system and also faced several modern
astronomical subjects. The French astronomer
Lalande’s work “ASTRONOMY” exerted
particularly strong influence on astronomers.
This paper overviews the activities of Paris
observatory and French astronomers in the 17th
and 18th centuries, and survey what modern
astronomical subjects were. Finally, it sketches a
role of the Edo observatory played in the
Japanese cultural history.
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