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ひきこもり状態を伴う広汎性発達障害者の家族に対する
ཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠 㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐ⟇⥲ྜ◊✲ᴗ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࢆక࠺ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿ ㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲࡢຠᯝ㸸&5$)7 ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㐺⏝ ᖹᡂ 㹼 ᖺᗘ ⥲ᣓ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ ௵◊✲⪅ ቃ Ἠὒ ᖹᡂ 㸦㸧ᖺ ᭶ ┠ ḟ Ϩ ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ ϩ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿ&5$)7ᐇ࢞ࢻ࣭࣭ࣛࣥ Ϫ ㈨ᩱ &5$)7ࡢᐇࡲࡘࢃࡿ4$㞟࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ &5$)7ᐇ⪅ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ 0H\HUVẶࡼࡿ&5$)7࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ㈨ᩱ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ 5RR]HQẶࡼࡿㅮ₇㈨ᩱ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ ௵◊✲⪅ࡼࡿ&5$)7◊ಟ㈨ᩱ࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭࣭ ⥲ᣓ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ ཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠㸦㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐ⟇⥲ྜ◊✲ᴗ㸧 ᖹᡂ 25㹼27 ᖺᗘ⥲ᣓ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࢆక࠺ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲࡢຠᯝ㸸 CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㐺⏝ 㸦௵◊✲⪅ ቃ Ἠὒ㸧 ◊✲せ᪨ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࢆక࠺ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᙜ⪅ࡢཷ⒪ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢຠᯝ ⓗ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪⮬ࡽᨭᶵ㛵ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡉࢀࡿࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ ࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲Ϩࡋ࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ ㄪᰝ㸪◊✲ϩࡋ࡚ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝ᳨ド㸪◊✲Ϫࡋ࡚ᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ◊✲Ϩ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛ㒔㐨ᗓ┴࣭ྛᨻ௧ᣦᐃ㒔ᕷࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭࡢ㛵㐃タ㸪ཬࡧ⟇ᢸᙜ 368 ⟠ᡤࢆᑐ㇟㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭࡢ⌧≧ࢽ࣮ࢬࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ◊✲ϩ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࡢຠᯝ᳨ド᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪CRAFT ࡢ⒪ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝࢆసᡂࡋ⌮ጤဨ ⏦ㄳࡋᢎㄆࢆᚓࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢺࣝᇶ࡙ࡃධࡘ࠸࡚㸪CRAFT ⩌ 20 㸪⤫ไ⩌ 11 ࢆᑐ㇟ຠᯝ᳨ドࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪CRAFT ⩌࡛ࡣ㸪ᨵၿࡍࡿࡀከࡃ㸪ຠᯝᣦᶆ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡶࢭࣝࣇ࣭࢚ࣇ࢝ࢩ࣮ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡢࢆ㜵ࡄຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ◊✲Ϫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 CRAFT ࡢᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࡋ࡚㸪CRAFT ࡢ㸱ࡘࡢ◊ಟ᪉ἲࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㸯ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣐ࢽࣗ ࣝࡢヂᮏࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊ಟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸰ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤Ⓨ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ Meyers Ặࡼࡿ㸰 ᪥༙ࡢ㞟୰ᆺ◊ಟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞟୰ᆺ◊ಟࡢࡓࡵ Meyers Ặࢆࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ౫Ꮡ㡿ᇦࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ㐃ᦠ ࡋ࡚ᣍ⪸ࡋࡓࠋ㸱ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏㄒࡼࡿ㸯᪥ࡢ㞟୰ᆺ◊ಟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪CRAFT ࢆᏛࡪ㝿ࡢ㉁ᛂ⟅㸦Q&A㸧㞟ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪CRAFT ᐇ⪅ࡽ CRAFT ᐇ㛵ࢃࡿព ぢࢆ㞟ࡋࡓࠋᅇᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆࡶ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ ◊✲༠ຊ⪅㸦50 㡢㡰㸧 ┦ㄯᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ Ⲩᮌ ᆂ♸㸸ᚨᓥ┴୰ኸࡇࡶዪᛶ┦ㄯࢭࣥࢱ ࣮࣭௵ 㔝୰ ಇ㸸᪩✄⏣ᏛᏛ㝔ே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ྂᮏ ᩥ௦㸸බ┈♫ᅋἲேᚨᓥ┴ປാ⪅⚟♴ ▼ඖ ᗣோ㸸ᚨᓥ┴⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ᡤ 㛗 ༠㆟࣭⮬❧ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᴗ㒊㒊㛗 ᯇᑿ ዉ⥴⨾㸸ᚨᓥ┴୰ኸࡇࡶዪᛶ┦ㄯࢭࣥ ✄⏿ 㝧Ꮚ㸸ᒸᒣ┴ὠᒣඣ❺┦ㄯᡤ࣭ ࢱ࣮࣭ዪᛶᨭ┦ㄯဨ 㔝 ࠶ࡁᏊ㸸බ┈♫ᅋἲே ᚨᓥ┴ປാ⪅⚟ ᳃ᮌ ⿱Ꮚ㸸㧗▱┴❧⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ ♴༠㆟࣭ࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮ ᖿ ᒸᓮ ๛㸸࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࣝ࣡ࢡࢫ㜰࣭௦⾲ ඵᆏ ⏤⣖㸸ᚨᓥ┴⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ 㯮⏣ Ᏻィ㸸ࡉ࠸ࡓࡲᕷಖ⚟♴ᒁಖ㒊࣭ ⌮ ᒣᮏ ᙬ㸸ᮐᖠᏛ㝔ᏛேᩥᏛ㒊⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉ 㧗ᯘ Ꮫ㸸ᚨᓥ┴Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅⥲ྜᨭࢭࣥࢱ ࣮࣭௵ ྜྷ⏣ ⢭ḟ㸸⸛㔛㝔࣭㝔㛗 ⏣୰ዉὠᏊ㸸୍⯡♫ᅋἲேᗈᓥ┴⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ 㸿.◊✲┠ⓗ ᖹᡂ 19 ᖺᗘࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀࡓཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ ༠ ᗈᓥࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ┦ㄯᨭࢭ ࣥࢱ࣮ 㸦ᩪ⸨㸪2010㸧ࡼࡿ㸪 ࠕࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࠖࡣ㸪 ᑎ ࣞࢵࢡࢫ㐨㸸୍⯡♫ᅋἲேᗈᓥ┴⢭ ࠕᵝࠎ࡞せᅉࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚♫ⓗཧຍ㸦⩏ົᩍ ⚄ಖ⚟♴༠ ᗈᓥࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ⫱ࢆྵࡴᑵᏛ㸪㠀ᖖ⫋ࢆྵࡴᑵປ㸪ᐙᗞእ࡛ −3− ࡢ㐟࡞㸧ࢆᅇ㑊ࡋ㸪ཎ๎ⓗࡣ㸴ࣧ᭶௨ୖ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪ᐙ᪘࡞ࡢ㔜せ࡞⪅ࢆ㏻ࡋ ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᴫࡡᐙᗞࡲࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ ࡚ᮏேࡢ᮶ㄯ⾜ືಁ㐍↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓධࣉ ែ㸦⪅ࢃࡽ࡞࠸ᙧ࡛ࡢእฟࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸪≀㉁⏝⪅ᑐࡍࡿධࡀ᳨ウࡉ ࡼ࠸㸧ࢆᣦࡍ⌧㇟ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ࡞ ࡛ ࡶ 㸪 Community ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡀ 30 ṓࢆ Reinforcement and Family Training㸦ࢥ࣑ࣗ ㉺࠼ࡓࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿ࡞㸦ቃ࣭ᕝཎ㸪2008㸧 㸪 ࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘カ⦎㸸௨ୗ㸪CRAFT㸧ࡣ㸪 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ࡢ♫ⓗ࡞῝้ࡀᣦࡉࢀ ぶ࡞ࡢ㔜せ࡞⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓᮏேࡢ ࡚࠾ࡾ 㸪㏆ᖺ⾜ࢃࢀࡓᅜෆࡢᏛㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᮏேࡢ᮶ㄯ⾜ືಁ㐍ࡘ࠸ ᅜࡢࠕࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࠖࡀ࠸ࡿୡᖏᩘࡣ㸪పࡵ ࡚㢧ⴭ࡞ᡂᯝࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Roozen, et al., ぢ✚ࡶࡗ࡚ࡶୡᖏᩘࡢ 0.56㸣㸦⣙ 26 ୡᖏ㸧 2004㸧ࠋCRAFT ࡣ㸪≀㉁⏝ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚ ཬ ࡪ ᥎ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 Koyama,et ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶཷ⒪ࢆᣄྰࡍࡿ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ࡸே al.,2010 㸧ࠋ ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⒪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ ᆅᇦ⢭⚄ಖάືࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲⌜ 㸦Smith & Meyers, 2004㸧 ࠋ 㸦2003㸧ࡼࡿ㸪ᮏேࡽࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ┦ ᮏ㑥࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢホ౯࣭ᨭ ㄯࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ㸦6.6㸣㸧 㸪ከࡃࡀᐙ᪘ࡽࡢ┦ㄯ࡛ 㛵ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ㸦㰺⸨㸪2010㸧࠾࠸࡚ ࠶ࡿ㸦72.2㸣㸧ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶ CRAFT ࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡓࡇࢆዎᶵ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶ ࡾᮏேࡀ᮶ㄯࡍࡿࡇࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ ࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ ែ࠶ࡿேࡀ᮶ㄯ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ドࡀ࡞ࡉࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ ែ࠶ࡿே㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ㸪ࡑࡢே ࡿࠋ㔝୰ࡽ㸦2013㸧ࡼࡿ㸪㸴ྡࡢᐙ᪘㸴 ࡢ≧ែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡸ㸪ࡦࡁ ᅇࡢ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪㸳 ࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢᐙ᪘ࡢࡳࡀ᮶ㄯࡋࡓሙ ྡࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀ♫ཧຍ㸪┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ ྜࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿே ⏝⮳ࡗࡓࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᒣᮏ ാࡁࡅࡿᡭἲࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ 㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪ASD ഴྥࡢ࠶ࡿࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏே ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᆅᇦ⢭⚄ಖάື࠾ࡅࡿධࡢ࠶ࡾ ࡢᐙ᪘ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓᨭࡢ ᪉㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲⌜㸪2001㸧ࠋ ᭷ຠᛶࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ㸪 ᐙ᪘ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓᨭ࡛ࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢᑐᛂࢆ ᒣᮏ࣭ᐊᶫ㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡀ┦ㄯᶵ㛵 ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 30 ࡢ㏣㊧ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ᮶ᡤࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓୖ࡛㸪ᮏேࡢᑐᛂࢆ⾜ ⤖ᯝ㸪┦ㄯᶵ㛵࡞ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ᚋࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ ࠺ࡇࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪᮶ㄯ⮳ࡗࡓ ┦ㄯ୰ 33㸣㸪ᑵປᨭᶵ㛵ࡸ⢭⚄⛉ࢹࢣ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࢆデ᩿ࡋࡓ Kondo et ࡞ࡢ᪥୰ࡢᡤᒓඛࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ 27㸣㸪⢭⚄⛉ධ al.,ࡽ㸦2013㸧ࡼࡿ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ⤒㦂⪅ࡸ 㝔୰ཪࡣධ㝔ᚅࡕ 10㸣㸪ኚࡀ࡞࠸ 30㸣࡛ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡣ㸪ࡑࡢከࡃࡀ DSM- ࠶ࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪 ϫ-TR ࡞ࡢᅜ㝿デ᩿ᇶ‽࡛ศ㢮ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪CRAFT ࡀ ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰࡛ࡶ㸪ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀 ୍ᐃࡢຠᯝࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᐖࡼࡗ࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡣ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ▱ぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇ ከࡃ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡢᑐᛂࡀ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡞ ࡶࡾ≧ែࢆక࠺ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ࢆᑐ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿ ㇟ࡋ࡚㸪ձᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗᶵ⬟ࡢᨵၿ㸪ղᐙ᪘ ேᑐࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞デ᩿ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᑐᛂࡀᚲせ ᮏேࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᨵၿ㸪ճࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢཷ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢ᮶ㄯಁ㐍ࢆ ⒪⾜ືࢆᙧᡂ㸪ࡢ㸱Ⅼࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ CRAFT ࣉ ┠ᶆࡍࡿᨭࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ −4− ࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ 㟷ᑡᖺ⟇ᢸᙜ(67 ⟠ᡤ)㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⟇ᢸᙜ ࡲࡓ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸᳨࡚ (67 ⟠ᡤ)㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮(88 ⟠ᡤ) ドࡍࡿព⩏ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥ ᨭࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ ࢱ࣮ࢆタ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ⢭⚄ ⏝࠸ࡓࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸ ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋ ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ 2. ᪉ἲ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᅜ㐃⤡༠㆟ ྛᶵ㛵ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⏝⣬㏉ಙ⏝ᑒ⟄ࢆ㒑 ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚㸪┦ㄯゼࢀࡿᐙ᪘ࡣ ㏦ࡋ㸪ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ฿╔ᚋ㸰㐌㛫ࢆ┠ฎ㏉ಙ⏝ ࠕᑵປࠖ ࠕ⪅ࡢὶࠖ ࠕᑗ᮶ࡢᏳࠖࡔࡅ࡛ ᑒ⟄࡚㏉㏦ࡍࡿࡼ࠺౫㢗ࡋࡓࠋ ࡞ࡃࠕᐙ᪘ࡋ࡚ࡢᑐᛂࠖࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ 3. ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢻ࣭ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺ ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏே♫ࡢ ಶேሗࡢಖㆤࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ᩥ㸦ሗࡣᶵ ⧅ࡀࡾࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࢆ⌮ ᐦᢅ࠸ࡉࢀࡿࡇ㸪࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢࡳ㜀ぴ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ゎࡍࡿࡇ㸪㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂࢆࡍࡿࡇᝎࢇ࡛࠸ 㸪ಶேࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿሗࡣ㠀බ㛤࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸪 ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ձ ◊✲⤊ᚋ㸱ᖺ࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆฎศࡍࡿࡇ㸧ࢆグ ᨭ⪅ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᤊ࠼࡚ ㍕ࡋ㸪I㸬C㸬ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ྠពࢆồࡵ㸪 ࠸ࡿ㸪ղᨭᶵ㛵ࡢ⾜࠺ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢ⌧≧㸪ճ ྠពࡢᚓࡽࢀࡓᶵ㛵ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆゎᯒ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ᨭᶵ㛵ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ 4. ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢෆᐜ ࡍࡿࠋ ௨ୗࡢෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚㸪㑅ᢥᙧᘧ㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ⮬ ࡉࡽ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ⪅ࡢ㣴ᡂ ⏤グ㏙ᙧᘧ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵᾏእ࡛ࡢඛ㐍ࡢど 㸦㸯㸧ᡤᒓᶵ㛵ࡢྡ⛠ ᐹ㸪୪ࡧᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ 㸦㸰㸧ᡤᒓᶵ㛵ࡢᡤᅾᆅ ࢆᐇࡋࡓᨭ⪅㸪ձྛᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇ 㸦㸱㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ศ㔝ࡢၥ㢟ࡢ㛵ಀ ࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㸪ղྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿ ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㸮. ࡓࡵ CRAFT ࢇ࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせ㸪ճ 㛵ಀ࡞࠸㸪㸯.ⱝᖸ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸰.㛵ಀࡋ࡚ CRAFT ࢆᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧 ࠸ࡿ㸪㸱.ᙉࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪99.࡛᫂ᅇ⟅ࢆ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ⪃࠼ ồࡵࡓࠋ ࡽࢀࡿᕤኵ㸪մྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ ձ ⱝ⪅ࡢࢽ࣮ࢺ࡞♫ཧຍ ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢពぢࢆ㞟ࡍࡿࠋ ղ ⱝ⪅ࡢ⮬ẅ㸪࠺ࡘ㸪⤫ྜኻㄪ࡞ࡢ⢭⚄ ಖ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᮏᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ◊✲Ϩࡋ࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ ճ Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸࡞ࡢ㞀ࡀ࠸⚟♴ ㄪᰝ㸪◊✲ϩࡋ࡚ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝ մ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ᐙ᪘ࡢ㧗㱋࡞ࡢ ᆅᇦ⚟♴ ᳨ド㸪◊✲Ϫࡋ࡚ᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᅾࡾ 㸦㸲㸧ᐙ᪘ࡸࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢ┦ㄯࡢᐇ ᪉ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ≧ἣ ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㸮.ࡍࡄᐇ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪 ◊✲Ϩ㸸ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࢽ࣮ࢬㄪᰝ 㹀㸬◊✲᪉ἲ 㸯.ᚲせᛶࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡽ㸯ࣨ᭶௨ෆᐇ࡛ࡁ 1. ᑐ㇟ ࡿ㸪㸱.ᐇࡣ㛫ࡀࡿ㸪࠸ࡗࡓ㸱௳ἲ ྛ㒔㐨ᗓ┴࣭ྛᨻ௧ᣦᐃ㒔ᕷࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅ ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮(62 ⟠ᡤ)㸪⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ ձ ᐙ᪘ࡢ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞┦ㄯࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ ࣮(17 ⟠ᡤ)㸪⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴⟇ᢸᙜ(67 ⟠ᡤ)㸪 ղ 㛵ಀᶵ㛵ྠኈࡢሗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ −5− ճ ᐙ᪘ᩍᐊࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ ࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ 186 ⟠ᡤ㸦᭷ຠᅇ⟅⋡ 90.29㸣㸧ࡢ մ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢ㠃ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ ᅇ⟅ࢆゎᯒ⏝࠸ࡓ(⾲㸯)ࠋ ᐙᗞゼၥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ 㸦㸳㸧ᐙ᪘ࡢࡳࡢᨭࡢྜᐙ᪘ᨭࡽ 㸰㸬ᐙ᪘┦ㄯࡢྜ(⾲㸰) ᙜ⪅᮶ᡤࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡘ࠸࡚ ᐙ᪘┦ㄯࡢᐇ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭ ௨ୗࡢၥ࠸ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㸦 㸧ෆグ㏙ࡍࡿ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢከࡃࡣ ᙧᘧ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ ձ ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࡳ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸦 㸧⛬ ࡣᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྜࡀ୧ᴟ➃࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ♧ ᗘ ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ղ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢ┦ㄯࡣᐙ᪘┦ㄯ㛤ጞ ࡽ㸦 㸧ࣨ᭶ᚋㄏ࠸㸪 㸦 㸧ࣨ᭶ᚋ 㸱㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ศ㔝ࡢၥ㢟ࡢ㛵ಀ ᙜ⪅ࡀཧຍࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከ࠸ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ศ㔝ࡢၥ㢟ࡢ㛵ಀ 㸦㸴㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ┦ㄯ࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ᨭࡢᚲせ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢇࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛫㛵 ᛶ 㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸱㸧 ࠋ ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢᚲせᛶࡘ࠸࡚㸪㸮.ࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ ձ ♫ཧຍ ࡞࠸㸪㸯.ࢇឤࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪㸰.ࡍࡇࡋឤ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪⢭⚄ಖ⚟ ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸱.࡞ࡾឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪99.ࢃࡽ࡞ ♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᅇ ࠸ࡢ㸳௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ⟅࠾࠸࡚㸪ⱝ⪅ࡢࢽ࣮ࢺ࡞ࡢ♫ཧຍ 㸦㸵㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ┦ㄯ࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ᨭࡢ⥭ᛴ ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᙉࡃព㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ ᛶ ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋྛ⟇ᢸᙜࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛵 ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢ⥭ᛴᛶࡘ࠸࡚㸪㸮.ࡃ⥭ᛴᛶࡣ 㐃ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭ ࡞࠸㸪㸯.ࢇ⥭ᛴᛶࡣ࡞࠸㸪㸰.ࡍࡇࡋ⥭ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀 ᛴᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪㸱.࡞ࡾ⥭ᛴᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪99.ࢃ ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡦࡁࡇ ࡽ࡞࠸㸪ࡢ㸳௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ࡶࡾⱝ⪅ࡢࢽ࣮ࢺ࡞ࡢ♫ཧຍࡢ㛵㐃 㸦㸶㸧ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࡳ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶ ࡀᙅ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡾᙜ⪅ࡢᑐᛂࡢᅔ㞴ࡉ ղ ⢭⚄ಖ ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࡳ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ᴫࡋ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ⢭⚄ಖࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ࠶ ᙜ⪅ࡢᑐᛂࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡘ࠸࡚㸪㸮.ࡃឤࡌ ࡿᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ≉ ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪㸯.ࢇឤࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪㸰.ࡍࡇ Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣࡢᶵ㛵 ࡋឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸱.࡞ࡾឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪99.ࢃ ẚ࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ⢭⚄ಖࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᙉࡃ ࡽ࡞࠸㸪ࡢ㸳௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ࠕ㸮ࠖ ព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪Ⓨ㐩 ࠕ㸯ࠖᅇ⟅ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ᑐᛂ᪉ἲ 㞀ࡀ࠸⟇ᢸᙜࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ⢭⚄ಖࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚⮬⏤グ㏙࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵ㸪 ࠕ㸰ࠖ ࠕ㸱ࠖ 㛵㐃ࢆᙉࡃࡣㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ᅔ㞴࡞Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚⮬⏤グ㏙࡛ᅇ ⢭⚄ಖࡢ㛵㐃ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ 㹁㸬⤖ᯝ ճ 㞀ࡀ࠸⚟♴ ࡢᶵ㛵ࡶࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ㞀ࡀ࠸⚟♴ࡣ 㸯㸬᭷ຠᅇ⟅ 368 ⟠ᡤ㒑㏦ࡋ㸪 206 ⟠ᡤ 㸦ᅇ⋡ 55.98㸣㸧 㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ≉ ࡽᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸ ࢻ࣭ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ᅇ⟅ഛ ⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣ㛵㐃ࢆᙉࡃព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ −6− ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᶵ㛵ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡣࢇᨭ㞀ࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ մ ᆅᇦ⚟♴ ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ᑐࡍࡿᨭ࡞ࡿ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪࡓ㸲ࡘࡢศ㔝 ࡢ࡞࡛㛵㐃ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ㢧ⴭ♧ ᐇࡲ࡛㛫ࡀࡿᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡉࢀࡓࠋᆅᇦ⚟♴ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥ ࢱ࣮࡛ࡣ㛵㐃ࢆᙉࡃព㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㠃㸪 㸳㸬ᐙ᪘ᨭࡽᮏேᨭࡘ࡞ࡀࡿᮇ㸪ࡘ ࡢᶵ㛵࡛ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡞ࡀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᮇ㛫(ᅗ㸯㹼㸲) 㛵㐃ࡀᙉ࠸ࡣᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ ᐙ᪘┦ㄯ㛤ጞࡽᮏேࡢ᮶ᡤࢆ່ࡵࡿᮇ ࡣ㸪᪩࠸ே࡛㸯ࣨ᭶ᮍ‶㛗࠸ே࡛ 12 ࣨ᭶ᚋ࡛ ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᖹᆒࡣ㸱ࣨ᭶ᚋ 㸲㸬ᐙ᪘ࡸࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢ┦ㄯࡢᐇ≧ (SD=3.28,N=52)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏே᮶ᡤࢆ່ࡵ࡚ࡽᮏேࡀ᮶ᡤࡍࡿ ἣ(⾲㸲) ᮇࡣ᪩࠸ே࡛㸯ࣨ᭶ᮍ‶㸪㛗࠸ே࡛ 24 ࣨ᭶ᚋ ձ ⥅⥆┦ㄯ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ᐇࡲ࡛ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࠋᖹᆒࡣ 5.82 ࣨ᭶ᚋ (SD=5.33,N=49)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡿ㛫㐪࠸ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭ ᐙ᪘ᮏே᮶ᡤࢆᥦࡋ࡚ᮏே᮶ᡤ฿ࡿ ࣥࢱ࣮ࡣ⥅⥆┦ㄯࡢᐇ࠶ࡲࡾᅔ㞴ࢆឤࡌ ࡲ࡛ࡢᮇ㛫ࡣ᪩࠸ே࡛㸯ࣨ᭶ᮍ‶㸪㛗࠸ே࡛ ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡶ⣙༙ 24 ࣨ᭶ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࠋᖹᆒ ᩘࡣࡍࡄ⥅⥆┦ㄯࢆᐇ࡛ࡁࡿᤊ࠼࡚࠸ ࡣ 4.07 ࣨ᭶㛫(SD=5.11,N=46)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣ⥅⥆ ᐙ᪘┦ㄯࢆጞࡵ࡚ᮏேࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࡲ࡛ ┦ㄯࡢᐇࡣᑡࡋ㛫ࡀࡿᤊ࠼࡚࠸ ࡿᮇ㛫ࡣ᪩࠸ே࡛㸯ࣨ᭶ᮍ‶㛗࠸ே࡛ 27 ࣨ ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢⅬ㛵ࡋ ᭶ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࠋᖹᆒࡣ 8.43 ࡚Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸ ࣨ᭶㛫(SD=7.72,N=46)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ⟇ᢸᙜࡢㄆ㆑ࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ 㸴㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ┦ㄯ࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ᨭ(⾲㸳) ղ 㛵ಀᶵ㛵ࡢሗ ከࡃࡢᶵ㛵ࡀ㛵ಀᶵ㛵ࡢሗࡀࡍࡄ ձ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ┦ㄯ࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ᨭࡢᚲせ ᛶ ᐇ࡛ࡁࡿᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉ ࡍ࡚ࡢᶵ㛵ࡀᚲせᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ ࢀࡓࠋ ճ ᐙ᪘ᩍᐊ ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ≉ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥ ⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࡳࡍࡄᐇ࡛ࡁ ࢱ࣮㸪⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭ ࡿ࠸࠺ᅇ⟅ࡀ୍␒ከࡃ㸪ࡢᶵ㛵ࡣᐇࡲ࡛ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ཬࡧ⢭⚄ಖ⟇ᢸᙜࡣᚲせᛶࢆ ࡣ㛫ࡀࡿㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⢭⚄ಖ⚟ ᙉࡃㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᶵ㛵࡛ᐙ᪘ᩍᐊᐇࡲ࡛ ղ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ┦ㄯ࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ᨭᐇࡢ ⥭ᛴᛶ ࡢᮇ㛫ࡢ㛗ࡉ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽ ࡍ࡚ࡢᶵ㛵ࡀ⥭ᛴᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪 ࢀࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⛬ᗘࡣࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓ մ ᐙᗞゼၥ ࡢᶵ㛵࠾࠸࡚ࡶ୍ᵝᐙᗞゼၥࢆ⾜࠺ ࡓࢀࡓࠋࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀 ࡲ࡛ࡣ㛫ࡀࡿㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪㟷ᑡᖺ⟇ᢸᙜ࠾࠸࡚ ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡣ࡞ࡾ⥭ᛴᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪ᐙ᪘㸪ᨭ⪅㸪ࡢ㛵ಀ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪⢭⚄ಖ⟇ᢸᙜࡣࡍࡇࡋ⥭ᛴᛶࢆ −7− ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢⅬ㸪⢭⚄ ࡇࡢᶵ㛵ࡢ≉ᛶࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟 ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⢭⚄ಖ⟇ᢸᙜࡣ⌧ሙ 㛵㐃ࡍࡿศ㔝ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡢホ౯㐪࠸ࡀฟࡓ ⟇ᢸᙜࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⓎ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸ ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ࡍ࡚ࡢศ㔝ࡀࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟㛵㐃 ⟇ᢸᙜࡣࢃࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᅇ⟅ࡀከࡃ㸪Ⓨ㐩 ࢆᣢࡕ㸪ᨭࡢࡓࡵᚲせ࡞どⅬ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ 㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡿࠋ ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࡽࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ࡣࡦࡁ ճ ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࡳ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡢᙜ⪅ᑐ ᛂࡢᅔ㞴ࡉ ࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢࡳ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⫼ ᬒ࠶ࡿ㞀ࡀ࠸ࡸ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ♫㈨※࣭⚟♴ไ ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࡳ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡢᙜ⪅ᑐᛂ ᅔ㞴ࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿᶵ㛵ࡀከ࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ ᗘࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࢆ㛵㐃ࡅࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ⾜ ࠸㸪ᨭࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᚓࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⟇ᢸᙜࡢࡳࢃࡽ࡞ ࠸࠸࠺ᅇ⟅ࡀ୍␒ከࡃ㸪ࡢᶵ㛵ㄆ㆑㐪 㸰㸬ᨭᶵ㛵ࡀ⾜࠺ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢ⌧≧ ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋⓎ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ㄪᰝࢆ౫㢗ࡋࡓᶵ㛵ࡢࢇ ᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࡳ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ ࡀᐙ᪘ᨭࡢᚲせᛶ࣭⥭ᛴᛶࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠋྠ ࡢᙜ⪅ᑐᛂࢆ࡞ࡾᅔ㞴ᤊ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⌧ሙ 㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳᅔ㞴ࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝ ⟇ᢸᙜࡶㄆ㆑ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝ ࡶᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽຠᯝⓗ࡞ᐙ᪘ᨭ᪉ ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭ᬑཬࡢᚲせᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ⮬⏤グ㏙ࡽࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࢀࡿ≧ែ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᨭ 㸱㸬ᨭᶵ㛵ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࡢ᭷↓ ⪅ࡀᙜ⪅ࡢ≧ែࢆᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡎᨭࡀฟ᮶ ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᨭᶵ㛵ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘࡢၥ㢟ࢆᢪ ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ᐙ᪘࣭ᮏேࡀ㞀ࡀ࠸➼ࡢၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ ࡚࠾ࡾࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟╔ᡭ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ᨭ ࡦࡘࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࢆᨭࡏࡿࡇ ⪅ഃࡢᨭࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈨※ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇࡀᨭ ࡢᅔ㞴ࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐙ᪘ᨭࢆᐇࡉࡏࡿࡇ ࢆᅔ㞴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀᮏேᨭ⪅ࡢᯫࡅᶫ࡞ࡾ㸪ᮏே ࡀᨭࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺ 㹂.⪃ᐹ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏேࢆᨭࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ᐙ ᮏㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ձᨭ⪅ࡀࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ࢆ ᪘ᨭᐇࡢᚲせᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗ ࡢࡼ࠺ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ղᨭᶵ㛵ࡢ⾜࠺ᐙ᪘ ࡓࠋ ᨭࡢ⌧≧㸪ճᨭᶵ㛵ࡀᐙ᪘ᨭࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ ࡩࡓࡘ┠ࡣᨭࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈨※࣭࣐ࣥࣃ࣮࣡ࡢ ࡢㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ᐇែᢕᥱࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ㊊࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏேࡢᒃሙᡤ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሙᡤࡸ ᨭဨࡢேဨ࣭ᑓ㛛ᛶࡀ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢኌࡀ 㸯㸬ᨭ⪅ࡀࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ࢆ࠺ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ ከࡗࡓࠋᐙ᪘ᨭࡢ᪉ἲࢆᗈࡵࡿ㝿ࡣᨭ ⪅ࡢ⫱ᡂゝ࠺Ⅼࡶ⪃៖ධࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᨭ⪅ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ࡣࡢ ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ၥ㢟ࡶ㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࠸࠺⤖ ᮏㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ⪅ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶ ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚㛵㐃ᛶࡢᑠࡢホ౯ࡀᶵ ࡾၥ㢟ࡣ」ᩘࡢၥ㢟ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿᤊ࠼࡚ 㛵ࡼࡗ࡚㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡶᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࠸ࡿࡇ㸪ᐙ᪘ᨭࡢᚲせ࣭⥭ᛴᛶࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ ᶵ㛵ࡼࡗ࡚ᑠࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿ⫼ᬒࡣྛ ࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ᑐᛂᅔ㞴ࡉࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࠸ ᶵ㛵ࡢᣢࡘᑓ㛛ᛶ㸪ᇶ┙࡞ࡿᨻ⟇ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ ࠺ࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽᐙ᪘ᨭࡢ ࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᐇࡢᚲせᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ −8− ࠶ࡗࡓࠋPARS ࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ࣏ࣥࢺࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ ◊✲ϩ㸸CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝ ࡶࡢࡣ㸪ᗂඣᮇࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛㸮ྡ㸦0.00㸣㸧㸪⌧ᅾ 㹀㸬◊✲᪉ἲ ࡛㸯ྡ㸦9.10㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ձ◊✲ᑐ㇟⪅ ղධෆᐜ࠾ࡼࡧᡭ⥆ࡁ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶᨭ࣭་⒪ᶵ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶᨭ࣭་⒪ᶵ 㛵➼ࡢ⏝⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࡢᐙ᪘࡛㸪◊✲ཧ 㛵➼ࡢ⏝⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࡢࡇࢆ┦ㄯࡍ ຍタࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪◊✲ཧຍࡢྠពࡀᚓ ࡿࡓࡵ◊✲ཧຍタࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ⮳ࡗࡓ◊ ࡽࢀࡓ⪅ࠋ ✲ᑐ㇟⪅ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ྠពㄝ᫂ᩥ᭩ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ධ 㝖እᇶ‽ࡣ㸪ձ◊✲ᑐ㇟⪅࡛࠶ࡿᐙ᪘ࡢྠព ᐇ⪅ࡀ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪ղ◊✲ᑐ㇟⪅࡛࠶ࡿᐙ᪘㸪 ḟྠព᭩ࡢ⨫ྡࡼࡗ࡚㸪◊✲ࡢ༠ຊࡢ ࡲࡓࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏே῝้࡞⮬യᐖࡢᜍ ྠពࢆᚓࡿࠋ ࢀࡀᙉ࠸ሙྜ㸪ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰Ṇᇶ‽ࡣձ◊ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲༠ຊ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚㸪༙ᵓ㐀 ✲ᑐ㇟⪅ࡼࡾ୰Ṇࡢ⏦ࡋධࢀࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪ղ ࡉࢀࡓ 12 ᅇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ◊✲༠ ◊✲ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ㒔ྜ㸦㌿ᒃ㸪㏣㊧ྍ⬟➼㸧ࡼ ຊ⪅ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ࡾ◊✲ࡀ୰᩿ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ㸪ճ᭷ᐖ㇟ࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪 ◊ಟࢆ⤊࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ⬟ຊࡣᢸಖࡉࢀ࡚ ◊✲㈐௵⪅ࡲࡓࡣ◊✲⪅ࡀ୰Ṇࡍࡁุ᩿ ࠸ࡿࠋ㸯ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ┠ࡽ 10 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ┠ࡲ ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪մ◊✲⪅ࡢ≧ἣ࡞ࡼࡾఱࡽࡢ ࡛ࡣ㝸㐌࡛ᐇࡋ㸪10 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ┠ࡽ㸰ࣧ ⌮⏤࡛⥅⥆ࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪յᐇィ⏬᭩ ᭶ᚋ 11 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ┠㸪ࡉࡽ㸰㐌㛫ᚋ 12 ࡽ㔜࡞㐓⬺ࡀ࠶ࡾホ౯⬟ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ┠ࢆᐇࡍࡿࠋධᮇ㛫ࡣ⣙㸵ࣨ᭶ ሙྜ㸪ࡍࡿࠋ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸯ᅇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣ 90 ศࡍࡿ ◊✲㛤ጞᙜึ㸪CRAFT ⩌ 20 ྡ㸪ẚ㍑ᑐ↷ ึᅇࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪⏦ㄳ⪅ࡀ◊✲ᑐ㇟⪅ ⩌ 20 ྡࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪CRAFT ⩌ࡋ ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࠕ◊✲ࡢࡈ༠ຊࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ ࡚ 27 ྡࡢぶᑐࡋ࡚ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤 ྠពࡢ࠾㢪࠸ࠖࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗෆᐜ ጞࡋ㸪29 ྡࡢぶᑐࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ᑐ↷⩌ࡋ࡚ྛ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࠕྠព᭩ࠖࡢ⨫ྡࡼࡾ ᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ㏻ᖖᨭࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ◊✲༠ຊࡢྠពࢆᚓࡿࠋ 2016 ᖺ㸯᭶Ⅼ࡛㸪ㄪᰝ㛤ጞࡽ㸲᭶ᚋ ➨㸰ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣ㸪㠃᥋ࡼࡾᚰ⌮᳨ᰝࢆᐇ ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᥞࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᴫせࢆ⾲㸵 㸦ヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗグධ㸧ࡋ㸪➨㸱ࢭࢵ ♧ࡍࠋCRAFT ⩌ࡣ 20 ྡ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ぶࡢᖹᆒᖺ ࢩࣙࣥ┠ࡽ➨ 11 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ┠㸦ࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ 㱋ࡣ 59.12±7.02 ṓ㸪⥆ࡁࡣẕぶࡀ 15 ྡ㸪∗ ࢵࣉࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸯ᅇ┠㸧ࡲ࡛ࡣ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ ぶࡀ 5 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢᖹᆒᖺ ࣒ࣛࢆ⏝࠸ࡓධࢆᐇ㸪12 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ┠㸦ࣇ 㱋ࡣ 26.59±7.17 ṓ㸪ᛶูࡣ⏨ᛶ 13 ே㸪ዪᛶ㸵 ࢛࣮ࣟࢵࣉࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸰ᅇ┠㸧ࡣ◊✲ᑐ㇟⪅ ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᖹᆒࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮇ㛫ࡣ 4.05±4.36 ᑐࡋ࡚㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛཧຍࡋࡓឤ ᖺ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋPARS ࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ࣏ࣥࢺࢆ㉸ ࡢ⫈ྲྀ➼ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ᑐᛂ⟇࡞ ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ᗂඣᮇࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛㸮ྡ㸦0.00㸣㸧㸪 ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ⋓ᚓ࣮࣋ࢫࡢධࡋ㸪ྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ ⌧ᅾ࡛㸰ྡ㸦10.00㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ẚ㍑ᑐ↷⩌ࡣ 11 ྡ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ぶࡢᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡁ㸪࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡ 60.38±7.82 ṓ㸪⥆ࡁࡣẕぶࡀ㸴ྡ㸪∗ぶࡀ㸳 ࢆẖᅇ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ➨㸱ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 㸦 CRAFT1 ᅇ ┠ 㸧 ࡽ ➨ 11 ࢭ ࢵ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ 39.86±8.01 ṓ㸪ᛶูࡣ⏨ᛶ 10 ே㸪ዪᛶ㸯ே࡛ (CRAFT9 ᅇ┠)ࡢලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᖹᆒࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮇ㛫ࡣ 7.73±6.39 ᖺ࡛ ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ≧ἣྜࢃࡏ࡚᭱㐺ࡋ࡚ −9− ᐇࡍࡿࠋ ᗣ≧ែࢆᰝᐃࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪⢭⚄ᝈࡢ≧ࡀ ࣭ ⱝ⪅ࢆ♫ࡘ࡞ࡄࡓࡵ㸦ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛཧ ࠶ࡿㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ຍࡢືᶵࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ㸧 ճᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ᪥ᮏ⮬㛢༠ホᐃᑻᗘ㸦௨ ࣭ ၥ㢟⾜ືࡢศᯒ㸦ᮏேࡢၥ㢟⾜ືࡘ࠸࡚ ୗ㸪PARS㸹PARS ጤဨ㸪2008㸧 ࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡪ㸧 ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢุᐃᨭ㛵ಀࡍࡿᅔ ࣭ ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢண㜵㸦ᭀຊࡢ㜵ࡂ᪉ࢆᏛࡪ㸧 㞴ᗘࢆぶ㸦ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡢ㣴⫱⪅㸧㠃᥋ࡋ㸪 ࣭ ᐙ᪘ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᨵၿ ᅇ⟅ෆᐜࢆ㠃᥋⪅ࡀホᐃࡍࡿ 57 㡯┠ࡢᑻᗘ 㸦ᮏேᑐࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPARS ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ࣭ࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ㸧 ᮏேᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡘ ࣭ ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍ᪉ἲ㸦ᮏேࡢᙉᏊ ࡢ≉ᐃ㸪┠ᶆタᐃ㸧 ࠸ุ࡚ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ մࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢ⾜ືᣦᶆ ࣭ ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍ᪉ἲ㸦㈇ࡢ⨩ࡢ ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡪ㸧 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢᐃ⩏ ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿྰ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢ┦ㄯᶵ㛵 ࣭ ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿ㸦◊✲ᑐ㇟⪅ ࡢ⏝≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ㈇Ⲵࡢ㍍ῶ㸪♫ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㈨※ յStress Response Scale-18㸦௨ୗ SRS-18㸸 ࡢ⋓ᚓ㸧 㕥ᮌࡽ㸪1997㸧 ࣭ ᮏேཷ⒪ࢆ່ࡵࡿ㸦ཷ⒪ࢆ່ࡵࡿ㐺ษ࡞ ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡪ㸧 ࢫࢺࣞࢫᛂࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ⮬グᘧࡢ㉁ၥ⚊࡛ ࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕᢚ࠺ࡘ࣭Ᏻࠖ㸪ࠕᶵ᎘࣭ᛣࡾࠖ㸪ࠕ↓ ࣭ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⤊࠼࡚ࡽࡢᨭ Ẽຊࠖࡢ㸱ᅉᏊ 18 㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸲 㸦⌮㠃ࡢ㓄៖㸧 ௳ἲ㸦㸮㸸ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㐪࠺㹼㸱㸸ࡑࡢ࠾ࡾࡔ㸧 ධ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚨᓥᏛ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ㒊ே㛫⛉ ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ Ꮫศ㔝࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲⌮ᑂᰝጤဨࡢᢎㄆࢆ նࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែᑐࡍࡿྰᐃⓗホ౯ᑻᗘ㸦௨ ᚓࡓ㸦ཷ␒ྕ 63㸧 ࠋ ୗ㸪ྰᐃⓗホ౯ᑻᗘ㸹ቃࡽ㸪2009㸧 ճຠᯝ ᐃࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែᑐࡍࡿྰᐃⓗホ౯ࡢ⛬ᗘ ๓௨ୗձ㹼ճࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⚊࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕാࡃࡁࡔࠖ㸪ࠕ⫋ ධ๓㸦pre ᮇ㸧㸪ධࡢྛࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸪ධᚋ ሙ㸦ࣝࣂࢺࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡸᏛᰯࡣẖ᪥⾜ࡃ 㸦 post ᮇ 㸧 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ධ ⤊ ࡢ 㸰 ᭶ ᚋ ࡁࡔࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ 12 㡯┠ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦follow-up ᮇ㸧մ㸪յࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡉ 㸲௳ἲ㸦㸮㸸ࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸㹼㸱㸸㠀ᖖ ࡽ㸪pre ᮇ㸪post ᮇ㸪ཬࡧ follow-up ᮇն ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ㸧࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ 㹼չࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ շࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢᑐฎ㛵ࡍࡿᐙ᪘ࡢࢭ ձࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேཬࡧᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᒓᛶ ࣝࣇ࣭࢚ࣇ࢝ࢩ࣮ᑻᗘ㸦௨ୗ㸪࢚ࣇ࢝ࢩ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢᛶู㸪ᖺ㱋㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮇ ࣮ᑻᗘ㸹ቃ࣭ᆏ㔝㸪2009㸧 㛫㸪ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢ⥆ᖺ㱋 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀ♧ࡍၥ㢟⾜ືࡢᑐᛂ㛵 ࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ࡍࡿᐙ᪘ࡢࢭࣝࣇ࣭࢚ࣇ࢝ࢩ࣮ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㉁ ղᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣ≧ែ ၥ⚊࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ⾜ືࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࣜࢫࢺ ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣ≧ែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪 㸦ቃࡽ㸪2004㸧ࡢୗᑻᗘ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡿၥ㢟⾜ ༙ᵓ㐀㠃᥋㸦SCID㸧ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧㸦ࣇ࣮ࢫ ືࡢ⛬ᗘୖᡭࡃᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᛮ࠺ࡘ ࢺࡽ㸪2003㸧㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㸪⢭⚄⛉ᝈ⡆᫆ᵓ㐀 ࠸࡚ၥ࠺ 10 㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ11 ௳ἲ 㠃᥋ἲ㸦M.I.N.I.㸧ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧㸦ࢩ࣮ࣁࣥ㸤 㸦㸮㸸ࡃ⮬ಙࡀ࡞࠸㹼10㸸㠀ᖖ⮬ಙࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧 ࣝࢡࣜࣗࣅࣗ㸪2003㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ − 10 − ոࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ᑻᗘ㸦௨ୗ㸪ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ᑻ 㸦CRAFT ⩌㸪⮬ຓ⩌㸧ᮇ㸦pre ᮇ㸪post ᗘ㸹㔝୰ࡽ㸪2012㸧 ᮇ㸧ࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘࡍࡿ㸰せᅉศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢぶࡢᑐᛂࡀᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸷㸧ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢭࣝࣇ࣭࢚ࣇ࢝ࢩ࣮ᑻᗘ ࢆ㸪ࠕṇࡢᙉࠖ㸪ࠕ㈇ࡢᙉࠖ㸪ࠕṇࡢᙅࠖ㸪 ࠾࠸࡚᭷ព࡞స⏝ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸳㸧ࠋ ࠕ㈇ࡢᙅࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ⾜ືㄽⓗഃ㠃ࡽᑜࡡࡿ ༢⣧ຠᯝࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪Control ⩌ ㉁ၥ⚊࡛࠶ࡾ㸪12 㡯┠ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ5 ࠾࠸࡚ pre ᮇࡽ post ᮇࡅ࡚ᚓⅬࡀῶᑡ ௳ἲ㸦1㸸ῶࡿ㹼5㸸ቑ࠼ࡿ㸧࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪post ᮇ࠾࠸ ࡚ CRAFT ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ Cotrol ⩌ࡼࡾࡶᚓⅬࡀ㧗 㹁㸬◊✲⤖ᯝ ࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ௨እࡶ㸪ᐙ᪘ᶵ 㸯㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ㸪ཬࡧ┦ㄯᶵ㛵⏝ࡢኚ ⬟ᑻᗘࡢࠕ㈇ࡢᙉࠖ௨እ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮇࡢ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡼࡿࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ㸪 ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ㸪ᚓⅬࡢኚࡽ㸪ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ᑻ ཬࡧ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࡢኚࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ᗘࡢࠕṇࡢᙅࠖࡢࡳࡀ pre ᮇࡽ post ᮇ pre ᮇࡽ post ᮇࡅ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢ ࡅ࡚ᚓⅬࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᐃ⩏ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ேࡢྜ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࢆ ⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓேࡢྜࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࡦ 㹂㸬⪃ᐹ ࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕࡈᮏேࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪 ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆཷࡅࡿ ᑵᏛ㸪ᑵປ㸪ᐙᗞእࡢὶ࡞ࡢ♫ཧຍࢆ㑊 ࡇ࡛ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢᨵၿ㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ┦ㄯᶵ ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡛ࡍ㸽ࠖ࠸࠺㡯┠ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲ 㛵ࡢ⏝࠸ࡗࡓࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢ ࡽ࡞࠸ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿ㸪ࠕᑵᏛ࣭ᑵປ࡞ࡢ♫ ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲ ཧຍࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠕேࡢࡘࡁ࠶࠸࣭ᆅᇦά ࡓ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ ືࡣཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ㡯┠ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲ ᐙ᪘ࡢࢭࣝࣇ࣭࢚ࣇ࢝ࢩ࣮ࡢపῶࡀ㜵ࡆࡿྍ ࡿᅇ⟅ࡋࡓሙྜᨵၿホᐃࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪┦ ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㛫࡛⏝ ⮳ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡗ ◊✲Ϫ㸸CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࢩࢫ ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡣ 0.5 ேࡋ࡚⟬ࡋ ࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ ࡓ㸦⾲㸶㸧 ࠋ 㹀㸬◊✲᪉ἲ CRAFT ⩌࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪pre ᮇࡽ post ᮇ CRAFT ࡢᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࡋ࡚㸪CRAFT ࡢ㸱 ࡅ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢᨵၿ㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ┦ㄯ ࡘࡢ◊ಟ᪉ἲࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣐ ᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓேࡀ㸷ྡ㸦45.0㸣㸧࡛ ࢽࣗࣝ㸦Smith & Meyers, 2004㸧ࡢヂᮏ㸦ቃ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚㸪Control ⩌࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁ ࡽ㸪2012㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊ಟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ┠ࡣ㸪 ࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢᨵၿ㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࡀ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤Ⓨ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ Meyers Ặ ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓேࡀ㸰ྡ㸦18.2㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ ࡼࡿ㸰᪥༙ࡢ㞟୰ᆺ◊ಟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞟୰ᆺ◊ಟ ࡇࡽ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡛㸪 ࡢࡓࡵ Meyers Ặࢆࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ౫Ꮡ㡿ᇦࡢᑓ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢᨵၿ㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ 㛛ᐙ㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ᣍ⪸ࡋࡓࠋ㸱ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶ ⏝࠸ࡗࡓኚࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡾࡢᐙ᪘ྥࡅࡢ CRAFT ࣐ࢽࣗࣝ 㸦ቃ࣭㔝୰㸪 㸰㸬ຠᯝᣦᶆࡢኚ 2013㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚௵◊✲⪅ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ㸯᪥ࡢ◊ಟ ㉁ၥ⣬ࡼࡿ ᐃᣦᶆࡢኚࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㸱ࡘࡢ◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪CRAFT ࡵ㸪pre ᮇࡽ post ᮇࡅ࡚ࡢྰᐃⓗホ౯ ࢆᏛࡪୖ࡛ࡢၥࡑࡢᅇ⟅㞟㸦௨ୗ㸪Q&A ᑻᗘ㸪ࢭࣝࣇ࣭࢚ࣇ࢝ࢩ࣮ᑻᗘ㸪ࢫࢺࣞࢫ 㞟㸧ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ㸪◊✲㛤ጞᙜึࡣணᐃ ᛂᑻᗘ㸪ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ᑻᗘࡢᚓⅬࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ㸪⩌ ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ๓㌟ − 11 − ࡛࠶ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ᒓࡢෆヂࡣ㸪㝔ࡀ㸯ྡ㸪⾜ᨻᶵ㛵ࡀ㸯ྡ㸪Ẹ 㸦Community Reinforcement Approach㸸௨ୗ㸪 㛫ᶵ㛵ࡀ㸶ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ◊ಟࡣᴫࡡḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ CRA㸧ࢆ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲⪅ࡀ㛤Ⓨ ࣒࡛࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡋࡓ OLT ࡢ㐃ᦠࡢ୰࡛㸪࢙࢘ࣈࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ ࣭ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ⌧≧㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ⥔ᣢᅇ ᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠕTxIntegrityࠖࡢᑟධ ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋ ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒㸦60 ศ㸧 ࣭ ၥ㢟⾜ືࡢ⌮ゎ㸸ᶵ⬟ศᯒ㸪ᭀຊ⾜ືࡢண ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ ᐇࡋࡓᨭ⪅㸴ྡࢆᑐ㇟㸪ձྛᶵ㛵࡛ 㜵㸦90 ศ㸧 ࣭ ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㸪ղྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇ ࡢ⋓ᚓ㸦90 ศ㸧 ࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ CRAFT ࢇ࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲ ࣭ ୖᡭࡵ࡚ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍ㸪ඛᅇ せ㸪ճCRAFT ࢆᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦 ࡾࢆࡸࡵࡋࡗࡾྥࡁྜࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞ ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ ࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍ㸦60 ศ㸧 ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤኵ㸪մྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᛂ ࣭ ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿ㸦90 ศ㸧 ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚⮬⏤グ㏙࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ࣭ ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࢆୖᡭ່ࡵࡿ ࡇࡢ◊ಟ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪◊ಟᚋ CRAFT ࢆᐇ ࡇࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ㸪ᡂᯝሗ࿌ࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚㸪 ෆᒣ⌜ࠕ㟷ᖺᮇ࣭ᡂேᮇⓎ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢᑐᛂᅔ㞴 ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࡢ࢜ࣥࣛࣥᣦᑟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࢜ࣥࣛ ࢣ࣮ࢫࡢ༴ᶵධ⒪࣭ᨭ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ ࣥᣦᑟ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛཧຍ⪅ࡢᐇ≧ἣࢆ☜ㄆ ࡶ༠ຊࡋ㸪ᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋㅮ ࡍࡿࡶ㸪ᐇࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡢၥⅬࡘ࠸࡚ ᖌࡋ࡚㸪࢜ࣛࣥࢲࡢ Tilburg University ࡽ㸪 ㆟ㄽࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ Hendrik G. Roozen Ặࢆᣍ࠸ࡋ㸪ࠕCRAFT ࡇࢀࡽ㸱ࡘࡢ◊ಟ࠾࠸࡚ฟࡉࢀࡓ㉁ၥ ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡢᅇ⟅ࡢᴫせࢆ Q&A 㞟ࡋ࡚ࡲࡵࡓࠋ㉁ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇࡢ๓ 㹁㸬◊✲⤖ᯝ ᥦࡋ࡚㸪⯡ⓗၥ㢟㸪CRAFT ࡢᑟධ㸪CRAFT 㸯㸬CRAFT ᐇ⪅ࡢ◊ಟ᪉ἲ ࡢ㞟ᅋ࡛ࡢᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㉁ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑ CRAFT ࣐ࢽࣗࣝ㸦Smith & Meyers, 2004㸧 ࡢࡢ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ ࡢヂᮏ㸦ቃࡽ㸪2012㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊ಟ࡛ࡣ㸪㸷ྡ ෆᐜἢࡗ࡚㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒ㸪ᐙᗞෆᭀ ࢆᑐ㇟◊ಟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋཧຍ⪅ࡢᡤᒓࡢෆヂࡣ㸪 ຊࡢண㜵㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᨵၿ㸪 ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵ࡀ㸱ྡ㸪Ẹ㛫ᶵ㛵ࡀ㸱ྡ㸪Ꮫࡀ㸯ྡ ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍ㸪ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊ಟࡣ㸪㐌㸯ᅇ 90 ศ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ㸪 ࡽࡍ㸪ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿ㸪ཷ⒪ࢆ່ ၥ㢟⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒ㸪ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢண㜵㸪ࢥ࣑ ࡵࡿ࠸ࡗࡓ㡯┠ࡈศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋ ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᨵၿ㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ື ࢙࢘ࣈࢆ⏝ࡋࡓᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࢆቑࡸࡍ㸪ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍࡘ࠸࡚ ࠕTxIntegrityࠖࡢᑟධࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ◊ಟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 㛤Ⓨ⪅ࡢ Roozen Ặࢆᣍ⪸ࡋ㸪ㅮ₇ࢆᐇࡍ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤Ⓨ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ Meyers ࡿࡶ㸪TxIntegrity ࢆᮏ㑥ᑟධࡍࡿࡓ Ặࢆᣍ⪸ࡋ࡚㸰᪥༙ࡢ㞟୰ᆺ◊ಟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋཧ ࡵࡢලయⓗ࡞᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂ ຍ⪅ࡢᡤᒓࡢෆヂࡣ 52 ྡ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㝔 27 ྡ㸪 ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࡚㸪ᐇ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵 10 ྡ㸪Ẹ㛫ᶵ㛵 10 ྡ㸪Ꮫ㸱ྡ㸪ࡑ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡢ㸯ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ෆᒣ⌜ඹྠ࡛㸪ᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤ദࡋ㸪 ୍᪥ࡢ㞟୰ᆺ◊ಟ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮾி㒔㜰ᗓ࠾ ዲホࢆᚓ࡚↓⤊ࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࢩࣥ ࠸࡚ 10 ྡࢆᑐ㇟◊ಟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋཧຍ⪅ࡢᡤ ࣏ࢪ࣒࢘ࡣᅜྛᆅࡽࡢཧຍ⪅ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲ − 12 − ࡓ㸪ࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢཧຍ⪅ࢆ୰ᚰ㸪᪥ᮏ ࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚㸪⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ヰࡀࡋࡸࡍࡃ㸪ḟ⧅ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣮ᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸦Community ࡀࡾࡸࡍࡃ┠ᶆࡀࡓ࡚ࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ Reinforcement Approach 㸸௨ୗ CRA㸧◊✲ ࣭ ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ㸪ࢫࢱࢵࣇ⏝⪅ ࡢⓎ㊊⮳ࡗࡓࠋ ࡀࡶࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡸ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣࡢ⌮ゎ ࡀ῝ࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ 㸰㸬CRAFT ᐇ⪅ࡽࡢពぢ ࣭ ┠ᶆࡀࡓ࡚ࡸࡍࡃ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࢸ࣮࣐ࡀỴࡲ ձྛᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࢫࢱࢵࣇ⏝⪅ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡋ࡚㸪ᨭ⤒ ࢩࣙࣥࡀಖࡕࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ 㦂ࡢὸ࠸ᨭ⪅ࡀཧ⪃࡛ࡁࡿయ⣔ⓗ࡞ᨭ ղྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲ ࢇ࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせ ࡓ㸪⤒㦂ࡢ᭷↓ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࠕ㐺ษ࡞ᩍ⫱ࡸ ྛᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ ⤒㦂ࠖࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㐺ᛂ⾜ືࢆ࿊ࡍࡿ 㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ⮳ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓே㸪㐣㊊ࡢ࡞࠸ሗࢆᒆ CRAFT ࢆᏛࡪᨭయไࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀᣦ ࡅ㸪യࡘ࠸ࡓᚰࢆࢣࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ ࡉࢀࡓࠋ≉㸪ᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢫ ࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂࢬࡀ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࡢ⫱ᡂࢆࡍࡿᚲせ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡼࡾලయⓗࡣ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺ ᛶࡀᣦࡉࢀࡓࠋᨭ⪅⫱ᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪CRA ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡢࢫࣆࣜࢵࢶࢆཷࡅ⥅ࡄேࢆቑࡸࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ ࣭ 㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᨭ࡞ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ࡿࠋ ᨭ࠾࠸࡚㸪▷ᮇ┠ᶆἢࡗࡓ┦ㄯࡀ࡛ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࢆࡘ࡞ࡆࡿඛࡢ་⒪ ࡁ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ▷ᮇ㛫࡛ࡢኚࡸຠᯝࢆᐙ᪘ࡶ ᶵ㛵ࡸᨭᶵ㛵ࡢ㛵ಀసࡾࡢᚲせᛶࡀᣦ ᨭ⪅ࡶ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⫼ᬒࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ᨭࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺᰿ ࣭ ᐙ᪘ᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿලయⓗ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ࠶ ᣐࢆࡶࡗࡓᶵ㛵ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪CRAFT ࢆࡋࡓ ࡾ㸪ᐙ᪘ᚋࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡃ࡚ࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸪ண⟬ࡀ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸪ேࢆ☜ ࡿࠋ ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᶵ㛵ࡀከ࠸࠸࠺ᣦࡀ࠶ ࣭ ᐙ᪘ᮏேࡢ≧ἣྜࡗࡓ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࣭㡰 ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪㛵ಀᶵ㛵㛫ࡢᙺศᢸ ␒࡛࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࣓ࢻࡢᐇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࡢ᰿ᣐࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከࡃ㸪 ᰂ㌾࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ CRAFT ࡢ㊊ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ᶵ㛵ࡶከ࠸ ࣭ ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀ㈨ᩱࢆᣢࡕᖐ ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ḟࡢ᮶ᡤࡲ࡛⮬Ꮿ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡼࡾලయⓗࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࡀᣦࡉ ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦➼㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ ࢀࡓࠋ ὶࢀࡢ୰࡛タᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᐙ᪘ࡣ ࣭ ㏻ᖖࡢ㠃᥋㛫ࢆ 60 ศᯟ࡛ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ ⮬ศࡢ࣮࣌ࢫ㸪ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛⩦ࡸྲྀࡾ⤌ ࡵ㸪CRAFT ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ 60 ศ௨ෆࡢ༢࡛ ࡳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᐇ࡛ࡁࡿ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࡔᐇࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭ ᮶ᡤ⪅ලయⓗ࡞ᨭෆᐜࢆᥦ♧࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭ ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺయࡀ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ㄝ ࣭ ࣮࣡ࢡᙧᘧ࡛≧ἣࢆඹ᭷ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ᫂⏝㸪ᣢࡕᖐࡾ⏝㸪ࡾ㏉ࡾ࠼ࡿྛࣉ ࣭ ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵᐇ㊶ࢆព㆑ࡋࡸࡍ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࢲࢪ࢙ࢫࢺ∧ศࡅࡿ➼㸪᭩ ࡁ㎸ࡳࡸࡩࡾ࠼ࡾࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡔ ࠸ࠋ ࣭ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ CRAFT ᐇ ࡼࡾ࠸ࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭ CRAFT ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᐙ᪘⤂ࡍࡿࡁ⏝ ᶵ㛵㛫ࡢ㐃ᦠࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭ ヰࡀᇽࠎᕠࡾࡏࡎ㸪ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢே᱁ྰᐃ࡞ − 13 − ࡢᑠᏊࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪ㄝ᫂ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭ ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㸦ࣔ ࢹࣝࡢᥦ♧㸧ࡢ✀㢮ࢆቑࡸࡍࠋ ྜࡣ㸪⢭⚄ᝈࡢྜేࡸᐙ᪘ࡀ᮲௳่⃭࡞ࡗ ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪㆙ᐹࡸ⾜ ࣭ ┦ㄯ᮶ࡓᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗࢣࢆࡍࡿࢭࢵࢩ ࣙࣥ㸦➨㸵ᅇࡀ࡞࡞ᐇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᐙ ᨻ㸪⢭⚄⛉㝔㐃ᦠࢆࡾ㸪㝶కᛶ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ ࣥࢺ௨እࡢධࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ᪘㸧 ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ゝㄒⓗ࡞ᙉ௨እࡢࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࡢ ࣭ ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ᐙ᪘ࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ ࣮ࠋ ᐃ㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ௨እࡢ ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗ㸪ᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢ࣓࣮ࢪ㸪ၥ ࣭ ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞᢠࡀ࠶ࡿᐙ᪘ࡢᨃఝయ 㦂ࡢྎᮏࠋ 㢟≧ἣࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪ㸪ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀 ᐖ≉᭷ࡢᅔ㞴ࢆᥦ♧㸦ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ ࣭ CRAFT ⤊ᚋࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࢭࢵࢩ ࣙࣥࠋ ညࡳྜࢃ࡞࠸㸪ᅛᇳ㸪ぢ㏻ࡋࡀᣢࡕࡃ࠸㸪⾪ ືᛶ㸪ඹឤࡋࡃ࠸➼㸧 㸪ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱⏝ࡢ㈨ᩱ㸦⸆ ࣭ ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡀឤⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡢࢭࢵ ࢩࣙࣥࠋ ≀ࡶྵࡴ㸧㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀၥ㢟ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢࢳ ࢙ࢵࢡࢩ࣮ࢺ㸦ేⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ࡶྵࡴ㸧࡞ ࣭ ẖᅇࡢࢭࣝࣇࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢩ࣮ࢺ㸦ᐟ㢟ࡢ ࡢᕤኵࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ ឤࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࣓ࣥࢱࣝ㠃ࡢኚືࡶࣔ ࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸧ࠋ ୖグ௨እࡢⅬࡋ࡚㸪┦ㄯ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ࡶⓎ㐩 㞀ᐖ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࡃࡳྲྀࡾࡃ ࣭ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢែࡼࡿ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡢࣄࣥ ࢺ㸦ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡀᚲせ࡞ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ㸽㸧 ࣭ ᙉᏊࢆぢࡘࡅࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࢻࣂࢫ㸦࣏ ࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢࢩ࣮ࢺ࡞ ࡣ㸪୍㒊ᨭ⪅ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞༠ຊࡢ୰㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿⅬࡀᣦࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣆࣥࡇ մྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ ࡞࠸ᐙ᪘⏝㸧 ࠋ ࣭ CRAFT ࡀ࡞ࡌࡲ࡞࠸᪉ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᥦ♧ࠋ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡢࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣛࡶ㠃᥋ࡢ୰࡛㸪ᘬ⏝㸪ά⏝ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿせ⣲ࢆ ճCRAFT ࢆᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧 ࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ᣦࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤኵ ࡼࡾලయⓗࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࣭ 㞟ᅋ࡛ࡢᐇࠋ ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶ ࣭ ࣆࢧ࣏࣮ࢱ࣮㣴ᡂࡢᛂ⏝ࠋ ࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤ ࣭ ♫⧅ࡀࡗࡓᚋࡢ⧅ࡀࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢᨭ ኵࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆྵࡵ㸪ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ ࠋ ࢆࡋࡗࡾ⾜࠺㔜せᛶࡀᣦࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓ ࣭ ᨭဨྠኈࢆ⧅ࡄࢶ࣮ࣝࠋ ࡵ㸪ぶࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ」ᩘࡢ᪉ࡽྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤ ࣭ ゼၥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࠋ ሗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ ⢭⚄⛉㝔ࡸ▹ṇタࡽᮏேࢆᆅᇦᨭ ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࠋ Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢ≉ᛶࢆࡲࡎᐙ ᪘ࡢ᪉ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪ཷࡅࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ㄝ ࣭ ࡇࡇࢁࡢ㟁ヰ┦ㄯࠋ ᫂ࢆࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ὶࢀ ࣭ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ࡢ㐺ᛂࠋչᐙᗞ ࢆᕤኵࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୧౯ⓗㄆ▱ࢆᚲ ෆ௨እ࡛ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢺ࣮ࣞࢽ ࡎࡋࡶ๓ᥦࡏࡎ㸪⾜ືศᯒᛂࡌ࡚㸪 ࣥࢢࠋ Community ࡽ㐺ษ࡞ᙉࢱ࣒࢘ࢺࡀ ࣭ ே㛫ྠኈࡀዲࡁ࡞ࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚ࡢ ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡓࡔ ࡋ㸪⃭ࡋ࠸ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡸ⢭⚄㐠ື⯆ዧࢆక࠺ሙ − 14 − ά⏝ࠋ 㹂㸬⪃ᐹ ᰂ㌾ᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᕤኵࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛㸪 㸯㸬CRAFT ᐇ⪅ࡢ◊ಟ᪉ἲ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆከࡃࡢᶵ㛵࡛ᐇ࡛ࡁࡿ ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚㸱ࡘࡢ◊ಟࢆ⾜࠸㸪70 ྡ⛬ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᗘࡢᐇ⪅ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᐇ⪅㣴 ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶ ᡂ࠾ࡅࡿ Q&A 㞟ࡽ㸪CRAFT ࢆᏛࡪேࡀ ࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤ ᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ㄗゎࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍ ኵࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ⓨ㐩≉ᛶᛂࡌࡓᑐᛂࢆࡍࡿࡓ ࡘ ࡣ 㸪 CRAFT ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡣ 㸪 ࣐ ࢽ ࣗ ࣝ ࡵࡢከゅⓗ࡞ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ㔜せᛶࡀᣦࡉ 㸦Smith & Meyers, 2004㸧グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ⓨ㐩≉ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࡢ 㡰␒ἢࡗ࡚ᐇࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᑐ㇟⪅ྜ ᕤኵࢆ⤌ࡳධࢀࡿࡇࡢᚲせᛶࡶᣦࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࢃࡏ࡚ᰂ㌾㐠⏝ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ከࡃࡢேࡀㄗゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸Ⅼࡋ 㞟ᅋ࡛ࡢᐇࢆጞࡵ㸪ゼၥ࡛ࡢά⏝㸪ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ ࡚㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᖾ⚟ ࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㐺ᛂ࡞ࡀᣲࡆ ឤᑻᗘࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢࠕၥ㢟ࠖ ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᖾ⚟ឤࢆホᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᐙ᪘ ⮬㌟ࡢࠕၥ㢟ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ホᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᣲ 㹃㸬◊✲Ϩ㹼Ϫࡢ⤖ㄽ ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ㸪 ◊✲Ϩࡋ࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࢽ࣮ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢཷ⒪ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࢬㄪᰝ㸪◊✲ϩࡋ࡚ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠ ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ㊶⪅ࡀᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ㄗゎ࡛࠶ ᯝ᳨ド㸪◊✲Ϫࡋ࡚ᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᅾ ࡿࠋCRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࢆᨭ ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅇᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢ ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᭱ඃඛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ ࢆࡶ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝ᳨ド㸪ᐇ ࠕၥ㢟ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᖾ⚟ឤࢆホᐃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡢసᡂ㸪ᨭ⪅㣴ᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ௨እࡶ㸪◊ಟ࠾࠸࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡓ㉁ ᵓ⠏ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᛂ⟅ࡽ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ Q&A 㞟ࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡣ㸪ᚋࡢᨭ⪅㣴ᡂ࠾ 㹄㸬◊✲Ⓨ⾲ ࠸࡚᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㸯㸬ㄽᩥⓎ⾲ ᚋ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᬑཬࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ 㸯㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸬᭩ホ ࠕࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭࣓࣮ࣖࢬ㸪 㸪ᑐࡍࡿᐙ᪘ᨭࡋ࡚ࡢ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ ࣈࣞࣥࢲ࣭࢛࢘ࣝࣇ. ᯇᮏಇᙪ㸪ྜྷ⏣⢭ḟ ࣒ࣛࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡸ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝ㸪ᐇ⪅ࡢ◊ಟ᪉ ┘ヂ. ㇂⧛Ꮚヂ. CRAFT ౫Ꮡ⪅ᐙ᪘ ἲࡘ࡚ࡶ᳨ウࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢࡓࡵࡢᑐᛂࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡࠖ㸬⢭⚄⒪ἲ㸪 40 ᕳ➨ 1 ྕ㸪Pp.167㸪2014. 㸰㸬CRAFT ᐇ⪅ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ 㸰㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸪㏆⸨┤ྖ㸬Ⓩᰯ࣭ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡋ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶ 㰻⸨ẚྂ㸦⦅㸧⣲⾜㞀ᐖ㸸デ᩿⒪ࡢ ࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭࡢᇶ♏▱㆑ࡋ࡚ࡢά⏝ࡀᣲࡆ ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ 㔠๛ฟ∧ Pp.150-154㸪 ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢ࣓ࣜ 2013㸬 ࢵࢺࡀከࡃᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᙉࡳࢆ⌮ 㸱㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸪㔝୰ ಇ. CRAFT ࡦࡁࡇࡶ ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡀ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᬑཬ ࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ㸸ⱝ⪅ࡀࡸࡿẼ ࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡞ࡿࡓࡵᐙ᪘ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ㸬㔠๛ฟ∧ ྛᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃ 2013㸬 ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏ࡢᚲせ 㸲㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸪᳜⏣ኴ㸪ᔱ⏣ὒᚨ ࡦࡁࡇࡶ ᛶࡀᣦࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ྛタࡢ≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ ࡿ⌮⏤㛵ࡍࡿᐇドⓗ◊✲㸪ᚨᓥᏛே㛫 − 15 − with Group. The 4th Asian Cognitive ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㸪21㸪pp.13-22㸪2013. Behavior Therapy (CBT) Conference 㸳㸧㔝୰ ಇ㸪ቃ Ἠὒ㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡀ Quality of life ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸬ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪 85㸪313-318㸬 2013 Tokyo, Pp.43. 㸰㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢᐙ᪘ 㸴㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸪ᖹᕝἋ⧊㸪㔝୰ಇ㸪ᒸᓮ ๛㸪 ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸸ຠᯝࢆ ጒᑿ㤶ⱑ㸪ᶓ℩ὒ㍜㸪✄⏿㝧Ꮚ㸪∵ᑿ ᜨ㸪 つᐃࡍࡿせᅉࡢ᥈⣴㸬➨ 54 ᅇ᪥ᮏඣ❺㟷 ⁁ཱྀᬡᏊ. ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢぶ ᖺ⢭⚄་Ꮫ⥲ᢒ㘓㞟㸪pp.281㸪2013 ᑐࡍࡿ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝ㸬⾜ື 㸱㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸬CRAFT MI ࠾ࡅࡿືᶵ࡙ ࡅࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ␗ྠ㸬ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㠃᥋༠➨ 2 ⒪ἲ◊✲, 41, pp.167-178, 2015 㸵 㸧 㔝 ୰ ಇ 㸪 ቃ Ἠ ὒ . Community Reinforcement and Family Training ࡢຠ ᅇ㸪2013. 㸲㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸬ࢳ࣮ࣗࢺࣜࣝࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ᯝ─࣓ࢱศᯒࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ウ─㸬⾜ື⒪ἲ◊ ᙉᐙ᪘カ⦎ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭࠖ㸬 ✲, 41, pp.179-191, 2015 ᪥ᮏᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ 77 ᅇ㸪2013 㸶㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸬 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ࡛Ꮫࢇࡔࡇ 㸳 㸧 ཎ ᏹ ᫂ 㸪 ቃ Ἠ ὒ 㸬 2013 An 㸸᭚㟢ࡀ࠼࡞࠸ࡢㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ ⢭ Introduction to ⚄⒪ἲ㸪41㸦㸰㸧㸪Pp.226-228㸪 2015 Reinforcement and the Community Family Training 㸦 Lecturer: Meyers, R. 㸧 The 4th Quality of life ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪 Asian Therapy 85㸦㸱㸧 㸪313-318㸪2014 (CBT) Conference 2013 Tokyo, Pp.110㸪 㸷㸧㔝୰ಇ㸪ቃ Ἠὒ㸬 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡀ 10㸧ᶓ℩ὒ㍜㸪ቃ Ἠὒ㸪Ṋ⏣▱ஓ㸪㸰ྡ ࡦ Cognitive Behavior 2013. ࡁࡇࡶࡾ⤒㦂㐙⾜ᶵ⬟ࡢ㛵㐃 : Ẽศ㞀 㸴㸧ᖹᕝἋ⧊࣭ቃ Ἠὒ࣭㔝୰ಇ࣭ጒᑿ㤶ⱑ࣭ ᐖࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪15㸦㸳㸧 㸪 ᶓ℩ὒ㍜࣭ᒸᓮ ๛㸬 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ 704-711㸪2014 ࠶ ࡿ ே ࡢ ぶ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ Community 11㸧ྜྷ⏣⢭ḟ㸪ቃ Ἠὒ CRAFT ⸆≀࣭ Reinforcement and Family Training ࡢຠ ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ౫Ꮡࡽࡢ⬺ฟ㸸࠶࡞ࡓࡢᐙ᪘ ᯝ㸸ᐙ᪘㛵ಀᶵ⬟ὀ┠ࡋࡓ↓సⅭࡾ ࢆ⒪ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡓࡵ 㔠๛ฟ∧㸪2014 ࡅẚ㍑ヨ㦂ࡼࡿ᳨ウ ᪥ᮏ⾜ື⒪ἲᏛ 12㸧㏆⸨┤ྖ㸪ቃ Ἠὒ㸬 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾၥ㢟ࢆ ➨ 39 ᅇⓎ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟㸪pp.92㸪 2013㸬 ࡵࡄࡿ㏆ᖺࡢືྥࡘ࠸࡚ ᚰ♫㸪45 㸵 㸧 Sakai, M., Seo, K., Inahata, Y., & Miyamoto, M. Effect of brief behavioral 㸦㸱㸧 㸪Pp.124-130㸪2014 13㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸬 ㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲࡼࡿࡦࡁࡇࡶ activation for adolescents with prolonged ࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭ : ⨩࡞ࡁࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࡙ࡃ severe ࡾࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚ ་Ꮫࡢ࠶ࡺࡳ㸪250㸦㸲㸧㸪 (HIKIKOMORI) in Japan. EABCT 2014 Pp.274-278㸪2014 Congress㸪2014 social withdrawal 㸶㸧ቃ Ἠὒ ࢳ࣮ࣗࢺࣜࣝࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ 㸰㸬ᏛⓎ⾲ ᙉᐙ᪘カ⦎ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ 㸯㸧Sakai, M., Hirakawa, S., Inahata, Y., ᪘ᨭࠖ ᪥ᮏᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ 77 ᅇⓎ⾲ Ushio, M. & Mizoguchi, A. 2013 Effect of CRAFT to Parents of Individuals with Prolonged Social ㄽᩥ㞟㸪2013 㸷㸧ቃ Ἠὒ Ꮫዡບ㈹ཷ㈹ㅮ₇ࠕⱝᖺ⪅ࡦ Withdrawal ࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ࠾ࡅࡿㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ㸸ᙜ (HIKIKOMORI): Comparison Individual ⪅㸪ᐙ᪘ࡼࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ⏕ࠖ ᪥ − 16 − Psychiatry 59; pp.79-86, 2012. ᮏ࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢᏛ㸪2015 10㸧ቃ Ἠὒ ⱝ⪅⮬❧ᨭタ⏝⪅ᑐࡍ 㸲㸧Koyama A, Miyake Y, Kawakami N, et al. ࡿㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲࡢຠᯝ ᪥ᮏඣ❺㟷ᖺ⢭ Lifetime ⚄་Ꮫ㸪2015 comorbidity and demographic correlates 11㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸪㸳ྡ㸬 ⮬⏬ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࢘ of prevalence, "hikikomori" in in psychiatric a community Japan. Psychiatry ࣒ࠕ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘ population カ⦎㸦CRAFT㸧ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟ࠖ Research 176(1); pp.69-74, 2010. 㸳㸧㔝୰ಇ࣭㔝࠶ࡁᏊ࣭ቃ Ἠὒ 2012 ᪥ᮏㄆ▱࣭⾜ື⒪ἲᏛ㸪2015 12㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸬 ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠕⱝᖺ⪅ࡦࡁ ⾜ືㄽⓗほⅬࡽࡳࡓࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ ࡇࡶࡾᨭ࠾ࡅࡿㄆ▱࣭⾜ື⒪ἲࡢά⏝ࠖ ᐙ ᪘ ᶵ ⬟ ࡢ㛵 㐃 ⾜ື⒪ ἲ ◊ ✲ 㸪 38㸪 ᪥ᮏㄆ▱࣭⾜ື⒪ἲᏛ㸪2015 Pp.1-10 㸴㸧PARS ጤဨ㸬 Pervasive Developmental 㹅㸬▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡢฟ㢪࣭Ⓩ㘓≧ἣ Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating 㸯㸬≉チྲྀᚓ Scale ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛฟ∧♫㸪2008㸬 㸵㸧Roosen, H., Boulogne, J., van Tulder,M. A ≉࡞ࡋ 㸰㸬ᐇ⏝᪂Ⓩ㘓 systematic review of the effectiveness of ≉࡞ࡋ the community reinforcement approach 㸱㸬ࡑࡢ in alcohol, cocaine and opioid addiction. ≉࡞ࡋ Drug and alcohol dependence 74(1); pp.1-13, 2004. 㸶㸧㰺⸨ẚྂ㸬ཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㸦ࡇࡇࢁࡢ ᩥ⊩ 㸯㸧First, B. M., Spitzer, R., Gibbon, M., & ᗣ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᴗ㸧ࠕᛮᮇࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ Williams, B. J. 㧗ᶫ୕㑻㸦┘ಟ㸧 ⢭⚄ ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ⢭⚄⛉ᝈࡢᐇែᢕᥱ⢭⚄ ⛉デ᩿㠃᥋࣐ࢽࣗࣝ SCID―⏝ࡢᡭᘬ ་Ꮫⓗ⒪࣭ຓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏㛵ࡍࡿ ࡁ࣭ࢸࢫࢺ⏝⣬― ᪥ᮏホㄽ♫ 㸦First, B. ◊✲ࠖᖹᡂ 19 ᖺᗘ㹼21 ᖺᗘ⥲ྜ◊✲ሗ࿌ M., Spitzer, R., Gibbon, M., & Williams, ᭩㸪2010㸬 Clinical 㸷㸧ቃ Ἠὒ㸪㔝୰ ಇ. CRAFT ࡦࡁࡇࡶ Interview for DSM-IV Axies I Disorders. ࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ ⱝ⪅ࡀࡸࡿ New Ẽ࡞ࡿࡓࡵᐙ᪘ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ㸬㔠๛ฟ B. J. 1997 York: Structured Biometrics Research ∧ 2013㸬 Department㸧 㸰㸧ఀ⸨㡰୍㑻㸬ཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㸦ࡇࡇࢁࡢ 10㸧ቃ Ἠὒ࣭ᆏ㔝㞝 2010 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ᗣ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᴗ㸧ࠕᆅᇦ⢭⚄ಖάືࡢ ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢぶᑐࡍࡿ⾜ືㄽⓗ㞟ᅋ ࠶ࡾ᪉㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖᖹᡂ 14 ᖺᗘ⥲ᣓ࣭ ᚰ ⌮ ᩍ ⫱ ࡢຠ ᯝ ⾜ື⒪ ἲ ◊ ✲ 㸪 36㸪 ศᢸ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩㸬ཌ⏕ປാ┬㸹2003㸬 Pp.223-232㸬 㸱 㸧 Kondo, N., Sakai, M., Kuroda, et al. General condition hikikomori ▼ᕝಙ୍࣭Ọస ⛱࣭బ⸨ ᐶ࣭ୖᩔᏊ࣭ (prolonged social withdrawal) in Japan: ᔱ⏣ὒᚨ࣭ᆏ㔝㞝 2009 Ꮚࡶࡢࡦࡁ Psychiatric diagnosis and outcome in the ࡇࡶࡾ≧ែᑐࡍࡿぶࡢྰᐃⓗホ౯ࢫ mental ࢺࣞࢫᛂࡢ㛵㐃 ࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢ◊✲㸪 health International of 11㸧ቃ Ἠὒ࣭ἑ⍞ᯞ࣭୰ᮧ ග࣭᳜⏣ኴ࣭ welfare Journal center. of The Social − 17 − 42㸪Pp.207-217㸬 12㸧ࢩ࣮ࣁࣥ㸪D.V.㸪ࣝࢡࣜࣗࣅࣗ㸪Y㸬 㸦ⴭ㸧 ྑ㤿ᇣຊஓ㸪ᆏ㔝㞝㸬 ᪂ࡋ࠸ᚰ⌮ⓗࢫ ᆤኳᖹ࣭ᐑᒸ ➼࣭ୖᓥᅜ㸦ヂ㸧 2003 ࢺࣞࢫᛂᑻᗘ㸦SRS-18㸧ࡢ㛤Ⓨಙ㢗 M.I.N.I.― ⢭ ⚄ ᝈ ⡆ ᫆ ᵓ 㐀 㠃 ᥋ ἲ ― ᛶ࣭ጇᙜᛶࡢ᳨ウ ⾜ື་Ꮫ◊✲㸪㸲㸪 ᫍ᭩ᗑ 22-28㸪1997 13㸧Smith & Meyers Motivating substance 15㸧ᒣᮏ ᙬ㸬 Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖ≉ᛶࡀ⫼ᬒ࠶ࡿ♫ abusers to enter treatment Guilford ⓗ ࡦ ࡁ ࡇ ࡶ ࡾ ࡢ Community Press 2004㸦ቃ Ἠὒ࣭ཎᏹ࣭᫂ᮡᒣ㞞 Reinforcement ᙪ㸦┘ヂ㸧 CRAFT ౫Ꮡᝈ⪅ࡢ⒪ (CRAFT) 㐺⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ㸬ᾏ㐨Ꮫ ືᶵ࡙ࡅ ᐙ᪘⒪⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢࣛ Ꮫ 㝔 ᩍ ⫱ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ 㝔 ⣖ せ 118; pp.59-82, ࣒࣐ࢽࣗࣝ 㔠๛ฟ∧㸪2012㸧 2013. and Family Training 14㸧㕥ᮌఙ୍㸪ᔱ⏣ὒᚨ㸪୕ᾆṇỤ㸪∦ᰗᘯྖ㸪 ⾲㻝䠖䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖㓄ᕸᩘ䛸᭷ຠᅇ⟅ᩘ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜䛔⪅ ⢭⚄ಖ 㟷ᑡᖺ Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜䛔 ᆅᇦᨭ䝉䞁䝍䞊 䝉䞁䝍䞊 ᨭ䝉䞁䝍䞊 ⟇ᢸᙜ ⟇ᢸᙜ ⟇ᢸᙜ ౫㢗ᩘ 㻢㻞 㻝㻣 㻤㻤 㻢㻣 㻢㻣 㻢㻣 ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ᩘ 㻡㻝 㻝㻠 㻠㻟 㻟㻟 㻞㻟 㻞㻞 య 㻟㻢㻤 㻝㻤㻢 ⾲㻞䠖ᐙ᪘┦ㄯ䛾ྜ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ ᆅᇦᨭ䝉䞁䝍䞊 䝉䞁䝍䞊 㻔㻺㻩㻡㻝㻕 㻔㻺㻩㻝㻠㻕 Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜䛔⪅ ⢭⚄ಖ 㟷ᑡᖺ Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜䛔 ᨭ䝉䞁䝍䞊 ⟇ᢸᙜ ⟇ᢸᙜ ⟇ᢸᙜ 㻔㻺䠙㻠㻟䠅 㻔㻺㻩㻟㻟䠅 㻔㻺䠙㻞㻟䠅 㻔㻺䠙㻞㻞䠅 య 㻔㻺䠙㻝㻤㻢䠅 ᐙ᪘┦ㄯ䛾ྜ 㻝ᮍ‶ 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 㻤 㻥 ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻝 㻞 㻜 㻠 㻞 㻢 㻥 㻥 㻤 㻤 㻞 㻜 㻝 㻜 㻝 㻞 㻜 㻝 㻜 㻠 㻡 㻜 㻝 㻝㻜 㻞 㻜 㻜 㻠 㻜 㻟 㻥 㻜 㻝㻠 㻜 㻜 㻝 㻝 㻜 㻝 㻠 㻜 㻞 㻟 㻞㻝 㻞 㻝 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻝 㻜 㻞 㻜 㻝㻣 㻝 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻝 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠 㻝㻡 㻟 㻢 㻠 㻝㻝 㻝㻢 㻝㻞 㻞㻡 㻝㻢 㻣㻠 ⾲㻟䠖䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ၥ㢟䛸ศ㔝ၥ㢟䛾㛵㐃 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ ᆅᇦᨭ䝉䞁䝍䞊 䝉䞁䝍䞊 㻔㻺㻩㻡㻝㻕 㻔㻺㻩㻝㻠㻕 Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜䛔⪅ ⢭⚄ಖ 㟷ᑡᖺ Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜䛔 ᨭ䝉䞁䝍䞊 ⟇ᢸᙜ ⟇ᢸᙜ ⟇ᢸᙜ 㻔㻺䠙㻠㻟䠅 㻔㻺㻩㻟㻟䠅 㻔㻺䠙㻞㻟䠅 㻔㻺䠙㻞㻞䠅 య 㻔㻺䠙㻝㻤㻢䠅 ♫ཧຍ 㛵ಀ䛺䛔 ⱝᖸ㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ᙉ䛟㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ᫂ ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻞㻜㻔㻟㻥㻑㻕 㻟㻜㻔㻡㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻣㻔㻡㻜㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻞㻝㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻝㻤㻔㻠㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻢㻑㻕 㻝㻥㻔㻡㻤㻑㻕 㻝㻝㻔㻟㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻟㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻝㻔㻠㻤㻑㻕 㻝㻝㻔㻠㻤㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻣㻔㻣㻣㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻡㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻥㻔㻡㻑䠅 㻥㻡㻔㻡㻝㻑䠅 㻤㻜㻔㻠㻟㻑䠅 㻞㻔㻝㻑䠅 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㛵ಀ䛺䛔 ⱝᖸ㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ᙉ䛟㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ᫂ ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻞㻡㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻞㻡㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻣㻔㻡㻜㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻠㻟㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻢㻔㻟㻣㻑㻕 㻞㻢㻔㻢㻝㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻢㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻔㻠㻡㻑㻕 㻝㻢㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻠㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻞㻔㻡㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻠㻔㻢㻠㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻣㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻡㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻣㻔㻟㻑㻕 㻤㻣㻔㻠㻣㻑㻕 㻥㻝㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻝㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㛵ಀ䛺䛔 ⱝᖸ㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ᙉ䛟㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ᫂ ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻔㻞㻥㻑㻕 㻟㻡㻔㻢㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻤㻔㻡㻣㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻠㻟㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻝㻟㻔㻟㻜㻑㻕 㻞㻣㻔㻢㻟㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻝㻠㻔㻠㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻢㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻞㻔㻡㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻠㻠㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻞㻔㻡㻡㻑㻕 㻥㻔㻠㻝㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻥㻔㻡㻑㻕 㻣㻠㻔㻠㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻟㻔㻡㻡㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻢㻔㻟㻝㻑㻕 㻟㻠㻔㻢㻣㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻤㻔㻡㻣㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻟㻢㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻞㻣㻔㻢㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻞㻔㻞㻤㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻢㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻝㻞㻔㻟㻢㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻟㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻝㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻠㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻠㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻝㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻟㻔㻡㻥㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻔㻤㻑㻕 㻥㻜㻔㻠㻤㻑㻕 㻣㻣㻔㻠㻞㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 ⢭⚄ಖ 㞀䛜䛔⚟♴ ᆅᇦ⚟♴ 㛵ಀ䛺䛔 ⱝᖸ㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ᙉ䛟㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ᫂ ᮍᅇ⟅ − 18 − ⾲㻠䠖┦ㄯ䛾ᐇ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ⢭⚄ಖ Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜 Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜 ⢭⚄ಖ 㟷ᑡᖺ య ᆅᇦᨭ ⚟♴䝉䞁 䛔⪅ᨭ 䛔⟇ᢸ ⟇ᢸᙜ ⟇ᢸᙜ 㻔㻺䠙㻝㻤㻢䠅 䝉䞁䝍䞊 䝍䞊 䝉䞁䝍䞊 ᙜ 㻔㻺㻩㻟㻟䠅 㻔㻺䠙㻞㻟䠅 㻔㻺㻩㻡㻝㻕 㻔㻺㻩㻝㻠㻕 㻔㻺䠙㻠㻟䠅 㻔㻺䠙㻞㻞䠅 ⥅⥆┦ㄯ 䛩䛠䛻ᐇ䛷䛝䜛 㻝䞄᭶௨ෆ䛻ᐇ 㛫䛜䛛䛛䜛 ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻟㻜㻔㻡㻥㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻔㻞㻥㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻝㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻝㻔㻣㻥㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻝㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻞㻣㻔㻢㻟㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻝㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻔㻠㻢㻑㻕 㻤㻔㻞㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻟㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻢㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻣㻑㻕 㻣㻔㻟㻝㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻢㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻤㻔㻟㻣㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻣㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻣㻢㻔㻠㻝㻑㻕 㻢㻠㻔㻟㻠㻑㻕 㻟㻠㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻝㻞㻔㻣㻑㻕 䛩䛠䛻ᐇ䛷䛝䜛 㻝䞄᭶௨ෆ䛻ᐇ 㛫䛜䛛䛛䜛 ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻞㻥㻔㻡㻣㻑㻕 㻞㻜㻔㻟㻥㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻣㻔㻡㻜㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻟㻢㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻝㻠㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻞㻜㻔㻠㻣㻑㻕 㻞㻜㻔㻠㻣㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻥㻔㻡㻤㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻟㻜㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻥㻔㻟㻥㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻢㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻝㻟㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻞㻞㻑㻕 㻤㻔㻟㻢㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻥㻞㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻢㻢㻔㻟㻢㻑㻕 㻝㻤㻔㻝㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻡㻑㻕 䛩䛠䛻ᐇ䛷䛝䜛 㻝䞄᭶௨ෆ䛻ᐇ 㛫䛜䛛䛛䜛 㻝㻣㻔㻟㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻝㻔㻞㻞㻑㻕 㻞㻞㻔㻠㻟㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻠㻟㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻟㻢㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻞㻝㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻟㻡㻔㻤㻞㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻝㻡㻑㻕 㻞㻞㻔㻢㻣㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻢㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻠㻠㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻢㻔㻣㻟㻑㻕 㻟㻝㻔㻝㻣㻑㻕 㻟㻞㻔㻝㻣㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻤㻔㻡㻤㻑㻕 ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻢㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻔㻤㻑㻕 䛩䛠䛻ᐇ䛷䛝䜛 㻝䞄᭶௨ෆ䛻ᐇ 㛫䛜䛛䛛䜛 ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻡㻔㻝㻜㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻤㻑㻕 㻠㻝㻔㻤㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻞㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻥㻔㻢㻠㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻝㻠㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻞㻥㻔㻢㻤㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻞㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻞㻟㻔㻣㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻝㻟㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻝㻞㻔㻡㻞㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻢㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻝㻔㻡㻜㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻥㻔㻝㻜㻑㻕 㻞㻣㻔㻝㻡㻑㻕 㻝㻞㻡㻔㻢㻣㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻔㻤㻑㻕 㛵ಀᶵ㛵䛾ሗ ᐙ᪘ᩍᐊ ᐙᗞゼၥ ⾲㻡䠖䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚┦ㄯ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᐙ᪘ᨭ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ⢭⚄ಖ Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜 Ⓨ㐩㞀䛜 ⢭⚄ಖ 㟷ᑡᖺ య ᆅᇦᨭ ⚟♴䝉䞁 䛔⪅ᨭ 䛔⟇ᢸ ⟇ᢸᙜ ⟇ᢸᙜ 㻔㻺䠙㻝㻤㻢䠅 䝉䞁䝍䞊 䝍䞊 䝉䞁䝍䞊 ᙜ 㻔㻺㻩㻟㻟䠅 㻔㻺䠙㻞㻟䠅 㻔㻺㻩㻡㻝㻕 㻔㻺㻩㻝㻠㻕 㻔㻺䠙㻠㻟䠅 㻔㻺䠙㻞㻞䠅 ᐙ᪘ᨭ䛾ᚲせᛶ 䛟ឤ䛨䛶䛔䛺䛔 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 䜋䛸䜣䛹ឤ䛨䛶䛔䛺䛔 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 䛩䛣䛧ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 䛛䛺䜚ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛 㻡㻜㻔㻥㻤㻑㻕 䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻠㻔㻝㻜㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻟㻤㻔㻤㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻞㻤㻔㻤㻡㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻟㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻠㻔㻢㻝㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻤㻔㻟㻡㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻡㻑㻕 㻝㻟㻔㻡㻥㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻞㻣㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻣㻔㻤㻡㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻡㻑㻕 㻝㻟㻔㻣㻑㻕 䛟⥭ᛴᛶ䛿䛺䛔 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 䜋䛸䜣䛹⥭ᛴᛶ䛿䛺䛔 㻞㻔㻠㻑㻕 䛩䛣䛧⥭ᛴᛶ䛜䛒䜛 㻝㻢㻔㻟㻝㻑㻕 䛛䛺䜚⥭ᛴᛶ䛜䛒䜛 㻞㻣㻔㻡㻟㻑㻕 䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔 㻠㻔㻤㻑㻕 ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻠㻟㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻟㻢㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻞㻝㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻝㻠㻔㻟㻟㻑㻕 㻞㻟㻔㻡㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻡㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻤㻔㻡㻡㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻟㻜㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻞㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻟㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻣㻑㻕 㻣㻔㻟㻝㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻝㻟㻑㻕 㻤㻔㻟㻡㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻡㻔㻞㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻠㻡㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻝㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻟㻑㻕 㻢㻟㻔㻟㻠㻑㻕 㻣㻣㻔㻠㻝㻑㻕 㻞㻡㻔㻝㻟㻑㻕 㻝㻠㻔㻤㻑㻕 䛟ឤ䛨䛶䛔䛺䛔 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 䜋䛸䜣䛹ឤ䛨䛶䛔䛺䛔 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 䛩䛣䛧ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛 㻝㻥㻔㻟㻣㻑㻕 䛛䛺䜚ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛 㻞㻥㻔㻡㻣㻑㻕 䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔 㻞㻔㻠㻑㻕 ᮍᅇ⟅ 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻞㻥㻑㻕 㻥㻔㻢㻠㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻞㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻝㻠㻑㻕 㻟㻝㻔㻣㻞㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻡㻑㻕 㻟㻔㻣㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻝㻟㻔㻠㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻜㻔㻟㻜㻑㻕 㻢㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻠㻑㻕 㻣㻔㻟㻝㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻣㻑㻕 㻝㻝㻔㻠㻤㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻝㻔㻡㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻥㻑㻕 㻝㻡㻔㻢㻤㻑㻕 㻠㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻜㻔㻜㻑㻕 㻞㻔㻝㻑㻕 㻟㻡㻔㻝㻥㻑㻕 㻥㻝㻔㻠㻥㻑㻕 㻟㻟㻔㻝㻤㻑㻕 㻞㻡㻔㻝㻟㻑㻕 ᐙ᪘ᨭ䛾ᐇ䛾⥭ᛴᛶ ᐙ᪘ᨭ䛾䜏⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䛾 ᙜ⪅ᑐᛂ䛾ᅔ㞴䛥 − 19 − ⾲㻢䠖ᐙ᪘ᨭ䛾䜏⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䛾ᙜ⪅ᑐᛂ䛾ᅔ㞴䛥⮬⏤グ㏙ ᐙ᪘䛾ᶵ⬟ 䞉ᐙ᪘䛸ᮏே䛜䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜䛸䜜䜛≧ែ䛷䛿䛺䛔 䞉ᐙ᪘䛸ᮏே䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜䛸䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛾䛷䚸ᮏே䛾Ẽᣢ 䛱䛜᥎ 䛷䛝䛺䛔 䞉ᐙ᪘䛛䜙ᮏே䛾ヰ䜢⫈䛟䛧䛛ᡭẁ䛜↓䛔䛸䛝䚸ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟䛜⬤ᙅ䛰 䛸䚸ᮏே䛻ᚲせ䛺ᨭ䛜ᒆ䛛䛺䛔䛧䚸ᮏே䛾ពᛮ䛸䛿㐪䛳䛯ᙧ䛷ᨭ ⪅䛻ᮏே䛾ᕼᮃ䛜ఏ䜟䜛 䞉ᮏே䛾ពḧ䛾ప䛥䚸ᭀຊ䛜䛒䜚䚸ᐙ᪘䛜ᮏே䜈䛾㛵䜟䜚䛻㧗䛔 Ᏻឤ䜢ᢪ䛔䛶䛔䜛 䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝟䝍䞊䞁䛜ᅛᐃ䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸ኚ䛜㞴䛧䛔 ᐙ᪘䛾ၥ㢟 䞉୧ぶ䛜㧗㱋䛷⾜ື䛾ኚᐜ䛜㞴䛧䛟䚸ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ䛾ಟ䛜ᅔ㞴 䞉ᨭ⪅䛜ຓゝᣦᑟ䜢⾜䛳䛶䜒ᐙ᪘䛜ᐇ⾜䛧䛺䛔 ᮏே䜈䛾ᨭ䛜㞴䛧䛔 䞉ᐙ᪘䛛䜙䛾⪺䛝ྲྀ䜚䛷䛿ᮏே䛾䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䛜㞴䛧䛔 䞉ᮏே䛜┦ㄯ䛾ሙ䛻᮶䛺䛔䛾䛷䚸ᮏே䛾ពᛮ䜢☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛔 䞉ᮏே䛾ពᛮ䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛾䛷䚸㐺ษ䛺ᨭ䛻⧅䛢䜙䜜䛺䛔 㞀䛜䛔䛾᭷↓ 䞉ᮏே䛾㞀䛜䛔䛾᭷↓䛾䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䛜ᅔ㞴 䞉㞀䛜䛔䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸䛧䛶䚸ᐙ᪘䛾ཷᐜ䛜ᅔ㞴 䞉ᐙ᪘䛜⑂ᘢ䛧䛶䛧䜎䛳䛶䛔䛶䚸ᮏே䜢ᨭ䛩䜛వ⿱䛜䛺䛔䚹 䞉ᐙ᪘䛻㞀䛜䛔䠄⢭⚄䞉Ⓨ㐩䠅䛜䛒䜚䚸ᐙ᪘䜢㏻䛧䛶ᮏே䜈䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᅔ㞴 ♫㈨※䛾㊊ 䞉ᮏே䛾ᒃሙᡤ䜢ᥦ౪䛷䛝䜛ᡤ䛜㊊䛧䛶䛔䜛 䞉ᨭဨ䛾⤒㦂㊊ 䞉䝬䞁䝟䝽䞊䛾㊊ 䞉ゼၥᨭ䛾ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛾㊊ ⾲䠓䚷㻯㻾㻭㻲㼀䛾ຠᯝ᳨ド◊✲䛾㏵୰⤒㐣 㻯㻾㻭㻲㼀⩌ 㻺 㻩㻞㻜 㻯㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘⩌ 㻺 㻩㻝㻝 ぶ䛾ᖺ㱋䠄ṓ䠅 㻡㻥㻚㻝㻞 㻔㻣㻚㻜㻞㻕 㻢㻜㻚㻟㻤 㻔㻌㻣㻚㻤㻞㻕 ぶ䛾ᛶู䠄∗ぶ䠂䠅 㻞㻡㻚㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻚㻠㻡 ᮏே䛾ᖺ㱋䠄ṓ䠅 㻞㻢㻚㻡㻥 㻔㻌㻣㻚㻝㻣㻕 㻟㻥㻚㻤㻢 㻔㻌㻤㻚㻜㻝㻕 ᮏே䛾ᛶู䠄⏨ᛶ䠂䠅 㻢㻡㻚㻜㻜 㻥㻜㻚㻥㻜 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᮇ㛫䠄ᖺ䠅 㻠㻚㻜㻡 㻔㻌㻠㻚㻟㻢㻕 㻣㻚㻣㻟 㻔㻌㻢㻚㻟㻥㻕 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻥㻚㻝㻜 㻼㻭㻾㻿 ᗂඣᮇ䝢䞊䜽䠄䠂䠅 ⌧ᅾ䠄䠂䠅 䠄䚷䠅䛿ᶆ‽೫ᕪ − 20 − ⾲䠔䚷䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ䛾ᨵၿ䠈ཬ䜃┦ㄯᶵ㛵䛾⏝ 㼜㼞㼑 㻏㻝 㻡㻚㻜 㻝 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻞㻘㻟 㻝㻡㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻠㻘㻡 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᨵၿ 㻜㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻜 ┦ㄯ 㻡㻚㻜 㻝 ᨵၿ䠋┦ㄯ 㻏㻞 㻯㻾㻭㻲㼀䠄㻺㻩㻞㻜䠅 㻏㻠 㻏㻡 㻏㻟 㻏㻢 㻏㻣 㻏㻤 㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻞㻜㻚㻜 㻝㻘㻟㻘㻠㻘㻡 㻞㻡㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻡㻘㻢㻘㻣㻘㻤 㻞㻜㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻢㻘㻣㻘㻤 㻞㻡㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻠㻘㻢㻘㻣㻘㻥 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻢㻘㻣 㻝㻡㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻠㻘㻣 㻡㻚㻜 㻥 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻠㻘㻡 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻠㻘㻡 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻡㻘㻤 㻡㻚㻜 㻤 㻡㻚㻜 㻠 㻜㻚㻜 㻡㻚㻜 㻠 㻜㻚㻜 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻞㻘㻟 㻡㻚㻜 㻟 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻝㻘㻟 㻝㻡㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻢㻘㻣 㻝㻡㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻢㻘㻣 㻞㻜㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻢㻘㻣㻘㻥 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻢㻘㻣 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻟㻘㻣 㻜㻚㻜 㼜㼞㼑 㻏㻝 㻏㻞 㻏㻟 㻏㻢 㻏㻣 㻏㻤 㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻜㻚㻜 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻝㻤㻚㻞 㻝㻘㻞 㻥㻚㻝 㻞 㻝㻤㻚㻞 㻝㻘㻞 㻝㻤㻚㻞 㻝㻘㻞 㻥㻚㻝 㻞 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻝㻤㻚㻞 㻝㻘㻞 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᨵၿ 㻜㻚㻜 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻜㻚㻜 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻜㻚㻜 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 㻥㻚㻝 㻝 ┦ㄯ 㻜㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻜 㻥㻚㻝 㻞 㻥㻚㻝 㻞 㻥㻚㻝 㻞 㻥㻚㻝 㻞 㻥㻚㻝 㻞 㻜㻚㻜 㻥㻚㻝 㻞 ᨵၿ䠋┦ㄯ 㻯㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘㻔㻺㻩㻝㻝㻕 㻏㻠 㻏㻡 ᨵၿ䠋┦ㄯ䠙䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ䛾ᨵၿ䠈䜒䛧䛟䛿䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ䛻䛒䜛ே䛜┦ㄯᶵ㛵䜢⏝䛩䜛䛻⮳䛳䛯ྜ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᨵၿ䠙䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ䛜ᨵၿ䛧䛯䛾ྜ ┦ㄯᶵ㛵⏝䠙䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ䛻䛒䜛ே䛜┦ㄯᶵ㛵䛾⏝䛻⮳䛳䛯䛾ྜ䚹 ୗẁ䛾ᩘᏐ䛿ᨵၿ䠋┦ㄯ䛻┦ᙜ䛩䜛ኚ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯ᮇ䛾᪩䛔㡰䛻ᑐ㇟⪅䛻㏻䛧␒ྕ䜢䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹 ⾲䠕䚷ຠᯝᣦᶆ䛾ኚ 㻯㻾㻭㻲㼀 㼜㼞㼑 㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻯㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘 㼜㼞㼑 㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻝㻤㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻟㻚㻤㻜 㻔㻤㻚㻟㻜㻕 㻔㻝㻜㻚㻢㻜㻕 㻝㻠㻚㻜㻜 㻤㻚㻞㻡 㻔㻤㻚㻞㻢㻕 㻔㻝㻜㻚㻢㻞㻕 㻝㻚㻥 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻢㻚㻠㻝 㻌㻖 㼜㼞㼑㻪㼜㼛㼟㼠 䝉䝹䝣䞉䜶䝣䜱䜹䝅䞊ᑻᗘ 㻟㻡㻚㻢㻡 㻟㻤㻚㻞㻜 㻔㻝㻤㻚㻤㻕 㻔㻞㻠㻚㻢㻕 㻡㻝㻚㻝㻟 㻞㻝㻚㻜㻜 㻔㻝㻟㻚㻤㻕 㻔㻞㻡㻚㻞㻕 㻜 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻡㻚㻥㻡 㻌㻖 㼜㼞㼑㻪㼜㼛㼟㼠 㼓㼞㼛㼡㼜 㼠㼕㼙㼑 㼓㼞㼛㼡㼜㽢㼠㼕㼙㼑 ぶ䛾ㄆ▱ⓗせᅉ ྰᐃⓗホ౯ᑻᗘ 㻜㻚㻝㻢 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻤㻚㻟㻡 㻖㻖 㻯㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘㻦㼜㼞㼑㻪㼜㼛㼟㼠 㼜㼛㼟㼠㻦㻯㻾㻭㻲㼀㻪㻯㼛㼚㼠㼞㼛㼘 䝇䝖䝺䝇ᛂ ᢚ䛖䛴䞉Ᏻ 㻤㻚㻝㻡 㻟㻚㻡㻜 㻔㻟㻚㻠㻠㻕 㻔㻟㻚㻢㻥㻕 㻡㻚㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻣㻡 㻔㻠㻚㻝㻣㻕 㻔㻟㻚㻜㻢㻕 㻟㻚㻡㻠 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻝㻥㻚㻣㻤 㻖㻖 㼜㼞㼑㻪㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻜㻚㻞㻟 㼚㻚㼟㻚 ᶵ᎘䞉ᛣ䜚 㻠㻚㻥㻜 㻞㻚㻜㻜 㻔㻟㻚㻥㻝㻕 㻔㻟㻚㻞㻤㻕 㻞㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻚㻜㻜 㻔㻞㻚㻠㻡㻕 㻔㻞㻚㻜㻣㻕 㻞㻚㻣㻤 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻣㻚㻜㻝 㻖 㼜㼞㼑㻪㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻝㻚㻢㻤 㼚㻚㼟㻚 ↓Ẽຊ 㻠㻚㻥㻡 㻞㻚㻟㻜 㻔㻟㻚㻢㻝㻕 㻔㻞㻚㻜㻜㻕 㻞㻚㻡㻜 㻞㻚㻜㻜 㻔㻞㻚㻥㻟㻕 㻔㻟㻚㻝㻞㻕 㻝㻚㻝 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻠㻚㻠㻢 㻖 㼜㼞㼑㻪㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻞㻚㻜㻤 㼚㻚㼟㻚 ṇ䛾ᙉ 㻝㻜㻚㻢㻡 㻥㻚㻝㻡 㻔㻝㻚㻤㻠㻕 㻔㻡㻚㻟㻝㻕 㻝㻝㻚㻞㻡 㻢㻚㻞㻡 㻔㻝㻚㻥㻤㻕 㻔㻡㻚㻞㻢㻕 㻜㻚㻤㻢 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻤㻚㻡㻠 㻖㻖 㼜㼞㼑㻪㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻞㻚㻠㻤 㼚㻚㼟㻚 ㈇䛾ᙉ 㻝㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻤㻚㻤㻡 㻔㻞㻚㻞㻢㻕 㻔㻠㻚㻥㻜㻕 㻥㻚㻟㻤 㻢㻚㻟㻤 㻔㻠㻚㻟㻝㻕 㻔㻡㻚㻟㻣㻕 㻝㻚㻣㻠 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻠㻚㻞㻣 㻖 㼜㼞㼑㻪㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻜㻚㻠㻟 㼚㻚㼟㻚 ṇ䛾ᙅ 㻥㻚㻥㻡 㻝㻞㻚㻞㻡 㻔㻝㻚㻣㻢㻕 㻔㻟㻚㻢㻡㻕 㻤㻚㻡㻜 㻝㻝㻚㻞㻡 㻔㻠㻚㻡㻜㻕 㻔㻡㻚㻥㻣㻕 㻝㻚㻝 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻢㻚㻡㻤 㻖 㼜㼞㼑㻨㼜㼛㼟㼠 㻜㻚㻜㻡 㼚㻚㼟㻚 ㈇䛾ᙅ 㻥㻚㻥㻡 㻝㻜㻚㻥㻜 㻔㻞㻚㻤㻥㻕 㻔㻠㻚㻣㻝㻕 㻥㻚㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻔㻠㻚㻟㻤㻕 㻔㻡㻚㻣㻤㻕 㻜㻚㻞 㼚㻚㼟㻚 ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ᑻᗘ 㻝㻚㻣㻜 㼚㻚㼟㻚 䠄䚷䠅䛿ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 㻜㻚㻜㻥 㼚㻚㼟㻚 㻖 S 㻨㻚㻜㻡㻘㻌㻖㻖㼜㻨㻚㻜㻝 ྰᐃⓗホ౯ᑻᗘ䠙䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ྰᐃⓗホ౯ᑻᗘ䠄ቃ䜙䠈㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅 䜶䝣䜱䜹䝅䞊ᑻᗘ䠙䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ䜈䛾ᑐฎ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᐙ᪘䛾䝉䝹䝣䞉䜶䝣䜱䜹䝅䞊ᑻᗘ䠄ቃ䞉ᆏ㔝䠈㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅 䝇䝖䝺䝇ᛂ䠙㻿㼠㼞㼑㼟㼟㻌㻾㼑㼟㼜㼛㼚㼟㼑㻌㻿㼏㼍㼘㼑㻙㻝㻤䠄㕥ᮌ䜙䠈㻝㻥㻥㻣䠅 ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ᑻᗘ䠙䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ᑻᗘ㻌㻔㔝୰䜙䠈㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 − 21 − − 22 − − 23 − 60.00 CRAFT 50.00 Control 40.00 ࢚ ࣇ 30.00 ࢝ ࢩ 䤀 20.00 10.00 *p<.05 0.00 pre post ᅗ㸳 ධ๓ᚋࡢ࢚ࣇ࢝ࢩ࣮ࡢኚ − 24 − ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿ &5$)7ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ ┠ḟ 㸯㸬CRAFT ࡢᴫせ 㸰㸬CRAFT ࡢᇶᮏ 㸱㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡀ➨୍⩌ヱᙜࡍࡿሙྜ 㸲㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡀ➨⩌ヱᙜࡍࡿሙྜ 㸳㸬CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ 㸴㸬CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢㄢ㢟 㸵㸬CRAFT ࢆᏛࡪ᪉ἲ − 27 − 㸯㸬CRAFT ࡢᴫせ Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT; ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘カ ⦎) ࡣ㸪Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA㸹ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ) ࢆᛂ ⏝ࡋࡓධࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡍࠋCRA ࡣከḟඖ࡛ᗈ⠊ᅖࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪≀㉁⏝⪅ࡢ⫋ ᴗ㸪ᐙ᪘㸪♫ⓗᙉᏊࢆᵓᡂࡋ㸪㣧㓇ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢᙉᏊࡽࡢࢱ࣒ ࢘ࢺࡀ࠾ࡇࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦࣑࣮ࣛ㸪1987㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪CRA ࡣ ≀㉁⏝㛵㐃ࡋࡓ㝶కᛶࢆኚᐜࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛≀ ㉁⏝⪅ࡣ⒪ࢆᣄ⤯ࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪≀㉁⏝⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ࡸࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ ࠸ࡗࡓ㔜せ࡞㛵ಀ⪅ (Concerned Significant Others; CSO) ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ 㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ CRAFT ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪CSO ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚㸪 ≀㉁⏝⪅➼ࡢ IP (Identified Patient) ࡢ⒪ཧຍಁ㐍ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ(Smith & Meyers, 2004)ࠋ CRAFT ࡣ㸪⾜ື⌮ㄽࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࢜࣌ࣛࣥࢺ᮲௳࡙ࡅᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ (Smith & Meyers, 2004; ቃ࣭㔝୰, 2013)ࠋ࢜࣌ࣛࣥࢺ᮲௳࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽࡼࢀࡤ㸪⾜ືࡣࡑࡢ⾜ືࡢ┤ ᚋࡢ⎔ቃኚࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ⾜ືࡀ⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡓࡾ⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸦༓ⴥ㸪 2005㸧ࠋ͆ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ͇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡑࢀࢆ⾜ືࡳ࡞ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⾜ືࡢ๓ᚋࡢ⎔ቃኚὀ┠ ࡋ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⎔ቃࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛͆ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ͇⾜ືࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡗ࡚ࡢ⎔ቃࡣ㸪ࢇࡢሙྜ㸪ྠᒃࡍࡿᐙ᪘ࡢࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢ ⾜ືࢆኚ࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢ͆ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ͇⾜ືࡀኚࢃࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦㸯㸧CRAFT ࡢຠᯝ CRAFT ࡢຠᯝ᳨ド࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࣓ࢱศᯒࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ(Roozen et al., 2010)ࠋRoozen et al. (2010) ࡛ࡣ 㸪Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) 㸪ࡲࡓࡣ Controlled Clinical Trials (CCT) ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛ CRAFT ࡢຠᯝ᳨ドࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸲ᮏࡢㄽᩥ (Kirby et al., 1999; Meyers et al., 2002; Miller et al., 1999; Sisson & Azrin, 1986) ࢆ⏝࠸ ࡚࣓ࢱศᯒࡼࡿ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⣙㸱ศࡢ㸰ࡀ CRAFT ࡼࡗ࡚⒪ཧຍ⮳ࡿ♧ ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡣ㸪Al-Anon/Nar-Anon㸪ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ◊✲ᡤᘧධ࠸ࡗࡓᚑ᮶ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟ ࢳẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪Al-Anon/Nar-Anon ࡢ 3.25 ಸ㸪ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ◊✲ᡤᘧධࡢ 2.15 ಸ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪୍⯡ⓗࡣ㸲㹼㸴ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ≀㉁⏝⪅ࡢ⒪ཧຍ⮳ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ≧ែ࡞ࡢᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ㌟ᶵ⬟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Al-Anon/Nar-Anon㸪ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ ◊✲ᡤᘧධྠᵝ CRAFT ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ (Roozen et al., 2010)ࠋ 㸦㸰㸧CRAFT ࡢࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ㐺⏝ ᮏ㑥࡛ࡣ㸪ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࡀసᡂࡋࡓࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢホ౯࣭ᨭ㛵ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ − 28 − CRAFT ࡀ⤂ࡉࢀ㸦㰺⸨㸪2010㸧 㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢᐙ᪘ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ CRAFT ࡢຠᯝࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦㔝୰ࡽ㸪2013㸹ᒣᮏ㸪2014㸹ᒣᮏ࣭ᐊᶫ㸪2014㸹ቃࡽ㸪2015㸧 㸪 㸰ࡘࡢ◊✲㸦㔝୰ࡽ㸪2013㸹ቃࡽ㸪2015㸧ࡼࡿຠᯝ᳨ドࡽࡣ㸪⣙㸴ࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛⒪ ཧຍ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ♫ཧຍ⮳ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦㔝୰࣭ቃ㸪2015㸧 ࠋ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࢣ࣮ࢫ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿ⫼ᬒࡣ㸪≀㉁⏝⪅ྠᵝ㸪ࡦࡁ ࡇࡶࡾࢣ࣮ࢫ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⒪ཧຍࢆᣄྰࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸Ⅼࡸ㸪CSO ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆኚ ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ IP ࡢ⾜ືࡀኚࢃࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿⅬ㸪㐺ᛂⓗ࡞⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ࡛ၥ㢟ࡉ ࢀࡿ㐺ᛂⓗ࡞⾜ືࡀᨵၿࡍࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿⅬ࡞ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦㸱㸧CRAFT ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡋ࡚㸪ᨭ⤒㦂ࡢὸ࠸ᨭ⪅࡛ࡶཧ⪃࡛ࡁࡿయ⣔ⓗ࡞ᨭ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪⤒㦂ࡢ᭷↓ࢃࡽࡎ㸪 ࠕ㐺ษ࡞ᩍ ⫱ࡸ⤒㦂ࠖࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㐺ᛂ⾜ືࢆ࿊ࡍࡿ⮳ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓே㸪㐣㊊ࡢ࡞࠸ ሗࢆᒆࡅ㸪യࡘ࠸ࡓᚰࢆࢣࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀୖࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡼࡾලయⓗࡣ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣭㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᨭ࡞ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ࠾࠸࡚㸪▷ᮇ┠ᶆἢࡗࡓ┦ㄯࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪 ẚ㍑ⓗ▷ᮇ㛫࡛ࡢኚࡸຠᯝࢆᐙ᪘ࡶᨭ⪅ࡶ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭ᐙ᪘ᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿලయⓗ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᐙ᪘ᚋࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭ᐙ᪘ᮏேࡢ≧ἣྜࡗࡓ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࣭㡰␒࡛࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࣓ࢻࡢᐇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᰂ ㌾࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀ㈨ᩱࢆᣢࡕᖐࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪ḟࡢ᮶ᡤࡲ࡛⮬Ꮿ࡛ ࡢᏛ⩦➼㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡛タᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᐙ᪘ࡣ⮬ศ ࡢ࣮࣌ࢫ㸪ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛⩦ࡸྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭᮶ᡤ⪅ලయⓗ࡞ᨭෆᐜࢆᥦ♧࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭࣮࣡ࢡᙧᘧ࡛≧ἣࢆඹ᭷ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵᐇ㊶ࢆព㆑ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ CRAFT ᐇᶵ㛵㛫ࡢ㐃ᦠࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭ヰࡀᇽࠎᕠࡾࡏࡎ㸪ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢே᱁ྰᐃ࡞ࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚㸪⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ヰࡀࡋࡸࡍࡃ㸪ḟ⧅ࡀ ࡾࡸࡍࡃ┠ᶆࡀࡓ࡚ࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭࣮࣡ࢡࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ㸪ࢫࢱࢵࣇ⏝⪅ࡀࡶࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡸ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣࡢ⌮ゎࡀ ῝ࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣭┠ᶆࡀ❧࡚ࡸࡍࡃ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࢸ࣮࣐ࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࢫࢱࢵࣇ⏝⪅ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩ ࣙࣥࡀಖࡕࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ − 29 − 㸰㸬CRAFT ࡢᇶᮏ ࡦࡁࡇࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿ IP ࡢ CSO ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ CRAFT ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ቃ࣭㔝୰ 㸦2013㸧 ࡼࡿ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿ IP ࡢ CSO ᑐࡍࡿ CRAFT ࡢᇶᮏࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸦㸯㸧CRAFT ࡢ┠ⓗ CRAFT ࠾࠸࡚ࡲࡎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ㸪 CSO ⮬㌟ࢆᨭࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㛗ᮇࡋࡓ࡛ࡣ㸪ᐙᗞෆࡢ⥭ᙇ≧ែࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ ἣ࠾࠸࡚㸪CSO ⮬㌟ࡀᙉ࠸ᚰ⌮ⓗ㈇ᢸࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣከࡃ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ CSO ࡢᚰ⌮ ⓗ㈇ᢸࢆࡽࡆࡿࡇࡀఱࡼࡾࡶ㔜どࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪IP CSO ࡢ㛵ಀᨵၿ࡛ࡍࠋIP CSO ࡢ㛵ಀࡢࡉࢆᅗࡿ୍ࡘࡢࣂ࣓࣮ࣟ ࢱ࣮ࡀ㸪CSO ࡀ〔ࡵࡿ IP ࡀ႐ࡧ㸪CSO ࡀྏࡿ IP ࡀ┬ࡍࡿྰ࠸࠺ᇶ‽ࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ࠾ࡅࡿ CSO ࡢࢇࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᇶ‽ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከ࠸ ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢᇶ‽ࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪IP CSO 㛫ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀࡢᅇࡽጞࡵࡿᚲせࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୕ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿ IP ♫ࢆ⧅ࡄࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪IP ࢆ┦ㄯᶵ㛵㐃 ࢀ࡚⾜ࡃࡇࡸ㸪ാࡏࡿࡇࡔࡅࢆᣦࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡼࡾලయⓗ㏙ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿ IP ࡀືࡁࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃ࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡍࡿࡇࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸦㸰㸧CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ๓ࡸࡿࡁࡇ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡣ㸪IP ࡀ CSO ࡢࡇࢆ㆙ᡄࡋ࡚㸪ヰ⮬యࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧ἣࡢࡇࡀࡋ ࡤࡋࡤぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪IP ࡀ CSO ࢆಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡎ㸪㆙ᡄᚰࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎࡣ㆙ᡄᚰࢆゎࡃᕤኵࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ㆙ᡄᚰࡣࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢹࣥࢺ᮲௳࡙ࡅ1ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪㆙ᡄᚰࢆゎࡃ᪉ἲ࠾࠸࡚ ࡶࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢹࣥࢺ᮲௳ࡅࡢᾘཤࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ㆙ᡄᚰࢆゎࡃලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲ ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ձIP ࡀ㆙ᡄࡍࡿࡇࢆࡋ࡞࠸㸪ղIP ࡀᏳᚰࡍࡿࡇࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ձࡣࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢹࣥࢺ᮲௳ࡅࡢᾘཤヱᙜࡋ㸪ղࡣ㆙ᡄᚰࡢᣕᢠᛂ࡞ࡿᏳᚰឤࢆ⏝ ࡋࡓ㏫ไṆヱᙜࡍࡿᡭ⥆ࡁ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᐇ㝿ࡣ㆙ᡄᚰࡣ㛫ࡶᚎࠎ⦆ࢇ࡛࠸ ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࢆ᰿Ẽᙉࡃ⥆ࡅ㸪IP ࡢ㆙ᡄᚰࡀゎࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࢆぢᏲࡿ ࡇࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ㆙ᡄᚰࡀゎࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪CSO ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡀ IP ࡗ࡚᎘ᝏⓗ࡞่⃭㸦᎘Ꮚ㸧࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋ ࡲ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪CRAFT ࡛Ꮫࢇࡔࡇࢆᐙ᪘ࡀᐇ⾜ࡋ࡚ࡶᮇᚅࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋCRAFT ࡢ๓ᥦࡣ㸪CSO ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡀ IP ࡗ࡚ዲࡲࡋ࠸่⃭㸦ዲᏊ㸧࡞ࡗ 1 ࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢹࣥࢺ᮲௳࡙ࡅ㸦ྂⓗ᮲௳࡙ࡅ㸧 㸸ᑕⓗᛂ㸦㸸ၚᾮศἪࡸື࡞㸧ࢆ ↓᮲௳ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ↓᮲௳่⃭ᮏ᮶≉ᐃࡢ⾜ືࢆㄏⓎࡉࡏ࡞࠸่⃭㸦୰ᛶ่⃭㸧ࢆྠ ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪୰ᛶ่⃭ࡀᑕⓗᛂࢆㄏⓎࡍࡿࡼ࠺᮲௳ࡅࡿࡇࠋ − 30 − ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪CSO ᑐࡍࡿ㆙ᡄᚰࢆゎࡃࡇࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡦࡁࡇࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿ IP ࡢ CSO ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ CRAFT ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ቃ࣭㔝୰ 㸦2013㸧 ࡼࡿ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿ IP ࡢ CSO ᑐࡍࡿ CRAFT ࡢᇶᮏࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸦㸱㸧CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇᡭ㡰 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᐇᡭ㡰ࡘ࠸࡚ẁ㝵ࡈㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢᡭ㡰࡛⏝ࡍࡿࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ࠕCRAFT ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ㸦ቃ࣭ 㔝୰㸪2013㸧 ࠖࢆ௨ୗ࡛ࡣࠕ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࠖ⾲グࡋࡲࡍࠋ STEP㸮 CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᑟධ STEP㸮ࡣ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᑟධ࡛ࡍࠋᑟධࡣ㸪࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࡢ➨㸯❶ࠕࡦࡁࡇࡶ ࡾࡢⱝ⪅♫ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࡓࡵࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡲࡍࠋ➨㸯❶ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪௨ୗࡢⅬࢆᐙ᪘ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ձࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢᅇ࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ᨭࡢ㔜せᛶࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ղCRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ┠ⓗࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ճCRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ մࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡽࡢᅇ㐣⛬ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ յᐙ᪘㛵ಀࡢᅇ㐣⛬ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ նࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᴫせࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ࡞࠾㸪ㄝ᫂ࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪๓㈨ᩱࢆΏࡋ࡚ㄞࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ᐙ᪘ࡢ⌮ゎࡀ῝ࡲࡾ ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪๓࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㈨ᩱࢆᐙ᪘Ώࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡛㸪ᚋࡽࡢࡾ㏉ࡾࡶᐜ᫆ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㈨ᩱࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅᐙ᪘ඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ STEP㸯 ῝้࡞ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡣ࡞࠸ STEP㸯࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿே㸦௨ୗ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏே㸧῝้࡞ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡀ ࡞࠸ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍࠋᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢ῝้ᗘࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⛬ᗘ㢖ᗘࡽุ᩿ࡋࡲࡍࠋᐙᗞෆᭀ ຊࡀ῝ุ้᩿ࡉࢀࡿሙྜ㸪ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢᑐᛂࢆඃඛࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㐣ཤᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪⌧ᅾࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢ༴㝤ᛶࡀ 㝖࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ➨㸱❶ࠕᭀຊⓗ⾜ືࡢண㜵ࠖࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ➨㸱❶࡛ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ձᭀຊ⾜ືࡢ⛬ᗘ㸪㢖ᗘࡽ῝้ᗘࢆᰝᐃࡍࡿࠋ ղᭀຊ⾜ືࡢ๓࡞ࡿࠕ㉥ಙྕࠖࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࠋ − 31 − ճ㉥ಙྕࡀぢࡽࢀࡓሙྜࡢᏳ☜ಖࡢ᪉ἲ㸦ࡑࡢሙࡽ㞳ࢀࡿ㸪⮬Ꮿእࡢ㏥㑊㸪࡞㸧 ࡘ࠸࡚ලయⓗỴࡵ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ ≉㸪Ᏻ☜ಖࡢ᪉ἲࡣ㔜せ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠕ㉥ಙྕࠖࡀぢࡽࢀࡓሙྜ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢᏳ☜ಖࢆ ఱࡼࡾࡶඃඛࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ STEP㸰 ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡀẼᣢࡕࡺࡾࢆᣢ࡚࡚࠸ࡿ ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡀẼᣢࡕࡺࡾࢆᣢ࡚࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࡢ➨㸵❶ࠕᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ⏕ άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿࠖࢆᐇࡋࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀẼᣢࡕࢆᴦࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪 ➨㸵❶௨እࡶಶูࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢࢆཷࡅࡿ࡞௦᭰ࡋ࡚ࡶၥ㢟࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡀẼᣢࡕࡺࡾࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢᮏ᮶ࡢຊࢆⓎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᨭ ࢆᐇࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ➨㸵❶ࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿␃ពࡍࡁⅬࡣ௨ୗࡢⅬ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ձᐙ᪘ࡢᨭࡀᚲせ࡞ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉࢆ༑ศ⾜࠺ࠋ ղࠕົ⩏࠺࠸ࠖࡁࡍۑۑឤ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⣧⢋ᐙ᪘ࡀᴦࡋࡵࡿࡇࢆษࡍࡿࠋ ճᐙ᪘ࡢᨭࡤࡾ࡛ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉࢆࡸࡿࡇ࡛ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ㈇ᢸࡶῶ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆఏ࠼㸪ࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉࢆヨࡳ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ STEP㸱 ࠾Ꮚࡉࢇࡢ㛵ಀࡣⰋዲ ࠾Ꮚࡉࢇࡢ㛵ಀࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࡢ➨㸰❶ࠕၥ㢟⾜ືࡢ⌮ゎࠖ➨㸲 ❶ࠕ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⋓ᚓࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎ➨㸲❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀẼ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜ືࢆࣜࢫࢺࢵࣉࡍࡿࡇࡽጞࡵࡲࡍࠋࡇ ࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࡣ➨㸯❶ࡢ᭱ᚋࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺ࡛ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓ⾜ືࢆᮃࡲࡋ࠸ ⾜ືᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືศࡅࡿ⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㝿㸪௨ୗࡢⅬ␃ពࡋ࡚ᐇࡍࡿ Ⰻ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ձ ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࡢᩘࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆࡼࡾከࡃぢࡘࡅࡿ⦎ ⩦ࢆࡍࡿࠋ ղ ⌧ᅾ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜ືࢆ᭩ࡃࠋ≉㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ ሙྜ㸪ࠕࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ࠖࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠕࡍ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡇࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ ճ ⾜ືࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅලయⓗ᭩࠸࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࡢ୰ࡽ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀ⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢ⾜ືࢆ㑅 ࡧࡲࡍࠋ⾜ືࢆ㑅ࡪ㝿㸪 ࠕࢆື⾜ࡿࢀࡉࢃࡽ࠶࡛⌧⾲࠺࠸ࠖࡿࡍۑۑ㑅ࡪࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡢศ ᯒࡀᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋලయࢆୖࡆࡿ㸪ᭀゝ㸪ᭀຊࡣ⾜ືࡢ๓ᚋࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡚ − 32 − ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ศᯒࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡍࠋศᯒࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀぢࡘࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪➨㸰❶グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢆࡗ࡚㸪⾜ືࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⾜ືࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ࡛ࡣᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋᶵ⬟ศᯒ࡛ࡣ௨ୗࡢⅬ ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ձ እⓗࡁࡗࡅ࡛ࡣලయⓗ≧ἣࢆグ㏙ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⾜ືࡀㄏⓎࡉࢀࡿ᮲௳ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࠋ ղ ෆⓗࡁࡗࡅ࡛ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪ᏊࡶࡢẼᣢࡕ㛵ࡍࡿᰂ㌾࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆᘬ ࡁฟࡍࠋ ճ ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪⾜ືࡢ⥔ᣢ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ㸪᭱ึ㉳ࡇࡿ⤖ᯝࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࠋ մ 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪⾜ືࡢ⤖ᮎࡋ࡚ᚋࡽ㉳ࡇࡿ⤖ᯝࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࠋ㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝࡢ ศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏேࡀྠព࡛ࡁࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㸪ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ≉ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋ ᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿㸪⾜ືࡢጞࡲࡾࡀ᫂࡞ሙྜ㸦㸸୍᪥୰ࢤ࣮࣒ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪࡞ 㸧㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࢆࠕእⓗࡁࡗࡅࠖ 㸪ࡑࡢࡁࡢẼᣢࡕ㸪ᛮ⪃ࢆࠕෆⓗࡁࡗ ࡅࠖ㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࡼࡗ࡚᭱ึ࠾ࡇࡿ⤖ᯝࢆࠕ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝࠖ㸪ᚋࡽ㉳ࡇࡿ⤖ᯝࢆࠕ㛗ᮇ ⓗ⤖ᯝࠖグ㍕ࡍࡿศᯒࡀࡸࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ➨㸲❶ࠕ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⋓ᚓ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏ ேゝㄒⓗ࡞ࡸࡾྲྀࡾࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡀ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡵ࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ձ ▷ࡃ ղ ⫯ᐃⓗ ճ ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜ືࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿ մ ⮬ศࡢឤࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿ յ ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡢ࠶ࡿⓎゝࢆࡍࡿ ն 㒊ศⓗ⮬ศࡢ㈐௵ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ շ ⮬┬ࢆಁࡍ ո ຓࢆ⏦ࡋฟࡿ ࡲࡎࡣ㸪ձ㹼նࢆᐇࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿⰋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋշ㸪ոࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀఱࡽ ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡾ㸪ືᦂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᐙ᪘ࡀ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵຠᯝⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡀ࣮ࣟࣝ ࣉ࡛ࣞࡍࠋ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࡣ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ձ ₇ࡌࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࠋゝⴥࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡽጞࡵࡿࠋ − 33 − ղ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀゝ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞ࢭࣜࣇࢆࣆࢵࢡࢵࣉࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேᙺࡢ Th ࡀ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞ୰ࡑࡢࢭࣜࣇࢆゝ࠺࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡢ⮫ሙឤࡀቑࡋࡲࡍࠋ ճ ࣮ࣟࣝࣉ࡛ࣞࡣ㸪ఱࡽࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡿࡲ࡛ヰࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⡆₩࡛㸪Ẽᣢࡕ ࡢࡼ࠸⤊ࢃࡾ᪉ࢆᚰࡀࡅࡿ᪉ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ մ ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡢᨵၿⅬࡢᣦࡣ㸪ࢡ࢚ࣛࣥࢺࡀ࡛ࡁࡑ࠺࡞୍ࡘࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡋࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ յ ᨵၿⅬࡀᐇ㊶࡛ࡁࡿ㸪ྠࡌሙ㠃࡛ᗘ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆ⾜࠸㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ⦎⩦ࢆ ᚰࡆࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ STEP㸲 ࠾ᏊࡉࢇࡣඖẼࢆᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠾ᏊࡉࢇࡢඖẼࢆᅇࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡࡢ➨㸳❶ࠕୖᡭࡵ࡚ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ື ࢆቑࡸࡍࠖ➨㸴❶ࠕඛᅇࡾࢆࡸࡵ㸪ࡋࡗࡾྥࡁྜࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍࠖ ࢆᐇࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎ➨㸳❶ࠕୖᡭࡵ࡚ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍ࡛ࠖࡣᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆぢࡘࡅࡿ⦎⩦ࢆ ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ⦎⩦࡛ࡣ㸪➨㸰❶࡛ᐇࡋࡓᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆ ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ᐇࡍࡿຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡀぢࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓࡽ㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡀ࡞ࡐ㉳ࡇࡿࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ⦎⩦ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆᐇࡋࡲࡍࠋᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢ࣏ ࣥࢺࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ձ እⓗࡁࡗࡅ࡛㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡀ⏕㉳ࡍࡿඛ⾜᮲௳ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࠋ ղ ෆⓗࡁࡗࡅ࡛㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆ⾜࠺๓ࡢẼᣢࡕ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ճ ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ࡛㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ࡢ㞀ᐖࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࠋ մ 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ࡛㸪ᮏேࡀྠពࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ≉ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋ ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪௨ୗࡢᵝ࡞ᑐᛂ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ᐙ᪘ඹ᳨ウࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ձ ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡀ⏕㉳ࡋࡸࡍ࠸≧ἣࢆ⌧ࡍࡿࠋ ղ ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆ⾜࠺๓ࡢẼᣢࡕ⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ճ ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ࡢ㞀ᐖࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃᕤኵࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ մ 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮏேࡀྠពࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺゝཬࡍࡿຠᯝⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆࡋࡓ㝿ᐙ᪘ࡀࡑࡢ⾜ືࢆ〔ࡵࡿࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡗ࡚〔ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ௨ୗࡢᵝ࡞ᇶ‽࡛ − 34 − ุ᩿ࢆࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ձ 〔ࡵࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ࡑࡢ⾜ືࡀῶࡗࡓࡽ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀ〔ࡵࡿ࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࡣ㸪࠾Ꮚࡉࢇࡗ࡚ᙉ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ղ ྏࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ࡑࡢ⾜ືࡀቑ࠼ࡓࡽ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀྏࡿ࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࡣ㸪࠾Ꮚࡉࢇࡗ࡚ᙉ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ճ ఱࡀᙉᏊ࡞ࡿࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⾜Ⅽࡼࡗ࡚࠾Ꮚࡉࢇࡢ⾜ືࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ STEP㸳 ࠾Ꮚࡉࢇᚋࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ ࠾Ꮚࡉࢇᚋࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡍୖ࡛㸪➨㸴❶ࠕඛᅇࡾࢆࡸࡵ㸪ࡋࡗࡾྥࡁྜ ࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍࠖ➨㸵❶ࠕ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࢆୖᡭ່ࡵࡿࠖࢆᐇࡋࡲ ࡍࠋ᭱ᚋࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࡶศࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᚋࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ヰࢆࡍ ࡿࡣ㸪༑ศ࡞‽ഛࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ‽ഛࡀᩚࡗ࡚ࡽᚋࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠺ࡼ࠺ ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ➨㸴❶ࠕඛᅇࡾࢆࡸࡵ㸪ࡋࡗࡾྥࡁྜࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡽጞࡵࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㝿㸪➨㸰❶࡛ᐇࡋࡓᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ື ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆά⏝ࡋࡲࡍࠋᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿ㝿㸪ࠕ۵ࠖࡿࡍۑ ⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿ⾜ືࢆ㑅ࡪࡼ࠺ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆ≉ᐃࡋࡓࡽ㸪ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࡀ࡞ࡐ㉳ࡇࡿࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ⦎⩦ࢆࡋ ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ➨㸰❶࡛ᐇࡋࡓᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆ⏝࠸ࡲࡍࠋᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆᐇࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ᮃࡲࡋ ࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡾࡃࡃࡍࡿᕤኵࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ᳨ウࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡣ ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ձ እⓗࡁࡗࡅࡽ㸪ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡃ࠸≧ἣసࡾࢆࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮃࡲࡋࡃ ࡞࠸⾜ືࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪እⓗࡁࡗࡅࡢศᯒࡽ㸪㒊ศⓗ㈐௵ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ ࡿవᆅࡀ࡞࠸᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ղ ෆⓗࡁࡗࡅ࡛ࢃࡗࡓࡇࢆゝⴥࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ཷᐜ㸪ඹឤ⧅ࡆࡿࠋ ճ ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡢ㝖ཤ㸪ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡢ⏕㉳ࡢࡓࡵࡢᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡞ලయⓗ᪉ἲ ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ մ 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡅࡿᮏேࡀྠព࡛ࡁࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪⮬┬ࢆಁࡍࠋ ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍᕤኵࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢᵝ࡞ࡶࡢࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ձ ᛌឤࡢ⾜ື㸦ᭀຊ㸪‶㸪࡞㸧ࢆࠕ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢ㸽ࠖ࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡅࡼ ࡗ࡚ᙇ⾜ື㌿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢゝㄒ⾲⌧ᑐࡋ࡚࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ̿ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥᑐᛂ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ − 35 − ղ ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞⤖ᯝࢆ㝶కࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺᪉ྥᛶࡀࡪࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍ ࡿࠋ᪉ྥᛶࡣኚ࠼ࡎ㸪ᙉᗘࢆኚ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࡚㸪㒊ᒇࡲ࡛ࡈ㣤ࢆ㐠ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡢࢆ㸪㝵ẁ ࡢୗࡲ࡛ྲྀࡾ᮶ࡿࡼ࠺ఏ࠼ࡿࠋ 㸦ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ඛᅇࡾࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࡸࡵࡿ୍ࡘࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㸧 ճ ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞⤖ᯝࢆ㝶కࡉࡏࡓࡢᏊ౪ࡢᛂࡘ࠸࡚ணࡋ㸪Ᏻ ࡛ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᑐᛂ᪉ἲࢆ๓࣮ࣟࣝࣉ࡛ࣞ⦎⩦ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ ➨㸵❶ࠕ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࢆୖᡭ່ࡵࡿ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࢆࡍࡍࡵࡿලయⓗ࡞࣏ ࣥࢺࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢᵝ࡞┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࢆ່ࡵࡿࢱ࣑ࣥ ࢢࢆ᫂☜ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ձ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀ㸪㔜࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ᚋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ղ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀ㸪⮬ศࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡃணࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓពぢࢆ⪺࠸࡚㸪ືᦂ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿ ճ ᐙ᪘ࡀ࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡽᑜࡡࡽࢀࡓ մ ᐙ᪘ࡢ⾜ືࡀኚࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࢆࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡽᑜࡡࡽࢀࡓ ࡇࡢࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏே┦ㄯࢆಁࡍ⤯ዲࡢᶵ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛㸪௨ୗࡢᵝ࡞┦ㄯࢆಁࡍ㝿ࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ձ ᮏேࡀྠពࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ࡘ࡞ࡆࡽࢀࡿሙᡤࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ⌮ⓗࡣ㸰ᡤ௨ୖ㸦ࡦࡁ ࡇࡶࡾᆅᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᆅᇦⱝ⪅ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢫࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸪⮬❧┦ㄯᨭᴗ❆ཱྀ㸪࡞ 㸧ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ ղ ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࢆぢ㏨ࡉࡎ㸪ᮏேࡀྠពࡋࡓᚋࡣ༶ᗙືࡃࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ཷデࡍࡿ㸪ண⣙ࢆධ ࢀࡿ㸪࡞ࠋண⣙ࢆࡍࡿ㝿㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏே⮬㌟ࡀᢸᙜ⪅㟁ヰ࡞࡛ヰࢆࡍࡿ㸪┦ ㄯ⧅ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᭦㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ճ ୍ᗘ࡛⤖ㄽࢆぢฟࡍᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㍍ࡃㄏࡗ࡚ࡶᮏேࡀྠពࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ḟࡢࢱ࣑ࣥ ࢢࢆఛ࠺ࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ STEP ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀ┦ㄯ⾜࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪ᐙࡢ୰࡛ᐙ᪘ ဨࡀᏳᐃࡋ࡚⏕ά࡛ࡁࡿ≧ែࢆࡲࡎࡣ┠ᣦࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ≧ែࡀ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛㸪 ᚋࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ᐙ᪘ᨭࡋ࡚ࡣ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓࡇ࡞ ࡿ࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋ − 36 − 㸱㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡀ➨୍⩌ヱᙜࡍࡿሙྜ ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࡢࠕࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢホ౯࣭ᨭ㛵ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻ࡛ࣛࣥࠖࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࢆ௨ ୗࡢ୕ࡘࡢ⩌ศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ➨୍⩌ ⤫ྜኻㄪ㸪Ẽศ㞀ᐖ㸪Ᏻ㞀ᐖ࡞ࢆデ᩿ࡍࡿࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ࡛㸪⸆≀⒪ἲ ࡞ࡢ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ⒪ࡀྍḞ࡞࠸ࡋࡣࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪⢭⚄⒪ἲⓗࣉࣟ ࣮ࢳࡸ⚟♴ⓗ࡞⏕ά࣭ᑵປᨭ࡞ࡢᚰ⌮-♫ⓗᨭࡶྠᐇࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ➨⩌ ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡸ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖ࡞ࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࢆデ᩿ࡍࡿࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ࡛㸪Ⓨ㐩 ≉ᛶᛂࡌࡓ⢭⚄⒪ἲⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡸ⏕ά࣭ᑵປᨭࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪⸆≀⒪ἲࡣⓎ 㐩㞀ᐖ⮬యࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ḟ㞀ᐖࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ➨୕⩌ ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ㞀ᐖ㸦࡞࠸ࡋࡑࡢഴྥ㸧ࡸ㌟య⾲⌧ᛶ㞀ᐖ㸪ྠ୍ᛶࡢၥ㢟࡞ ࢆデ᩿ࡍࡿࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ࡛㸪⢭⚄⒪ἲⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡸ⏕ά࣭ᑵປᨭࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ ࡛㸪⸆≀⒪ἲࡣຍⓗ⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ┦ㄯ᮶ࡽࢀࡿᐙ᪘ࡽࡢሗ࡛➨୍⩌ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀࢃࢀࡿሙྜ㸪CRAFT ࡢ ᑟධࡣៅ㔜⾜ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢ≧ែࡋࡔ࠸࡛ࡣ㸪⾜ᨻࡸ་ ⒪㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ືࡃ‽ഛࢆ່ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࡀసᡂࡋࡓࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢホ౯࣭ᨭ㛵ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻ࡛ࣛࣥࡣ㸪ᙜ⪅ࡢ ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⢭⚄་Ꮫⓗ㠃ㄯࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀデ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸⤫ྜኻㄪࡢᙜ⪅ࡀ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾྵࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ๓ࡶࡗ࡚㝖ࡏࡎ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ┦ㄯ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚㸪ᖖ⤫ ྜኻㄪࡸᴟᛶ㞀ᐖ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆࡇ࡛ព㆑ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⢭⚄㞀ᐖࡢ༙ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍせᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡞ࡗࡓ୍ḟᛶࡢࡶࡢ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࡀ㸪୰ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢ୰࡛Ⓨࡋࡓḟᛶࡢࡶࡢࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤ㸪࠺ࡘᛶ㞀ᐖࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢཎᅉ࡞ࡿࡀ༙࡛ࡍࡀ㸪୰ࡣࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ ែࡢ㑄ᘏࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡛Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡿࡇࢆᛕ㢌㏣࠸࡚࠾ࡃ࠺ࡀࡼ࠸࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ᐙ᪘ࡽࡢሗ࡛ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋㸦࠸ࡌࡵࡸ࠶ࡿ᪥✺↛࣭⌮ゎࡋ㞴࠸ゝືࢆゝ ࠸ጞࡵࡓ࡞㸧㸪ᮇ㛫㸪᪥ࠎࡢάືࡢᵝᏊ㸦⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞άືෆᐜ㸪άື㛫ࡢ೫ࡾ㸪╧╀㸧㸪 ゝື㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᐙ᪘ࡢពᛮ㏻ࡢ⛬ᗘ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᐙ᪘ࡢᑐᛂࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㏻㝔Ṕ㸪 ᐙ᪘ࡀᅔࡿ⾜ື㸪⮬യ࣭ᐖࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡞ࢆ༑ศ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ሗࡽ➨୍⩌ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪ᮏேࡢ≧ែࡋࡔ࠸࡛ࡣ་⒪ᶵ㛵ࡸ⾜ᨻ㐃ᦠࡍࡿ ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᐙ᪘ࡽᢎㅙࢆᚓࡓୖ࡛ CRAF ᑟධࢆ່ࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ CRAFT ࡢ➨୍ࡢ┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ㈇ᢸࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀ㸪ຍ࠼࡚ ᅔࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜ື㛵㐃ࡍࡿᶵ⬟ศᯒຓ㛗ࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᑐᛂࡢ☜ㄆࡣᚲせ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࡃࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡛ఙࡤࡋࡓ࠸⾜ືᑐࡍࡿᡓ␎ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿሙྜࡶ㸪ᮏேࡢᛂࢆ ὀព῝ࡃࡾ㏉ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢᏳࡸᜍᛧࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡀ ษ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ − 37 − ་⒪⧅ࡀࡗࡓሙྜ㸪ᐙᗞᖐࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᚋࡶ⒪ຠᯝࢆ⥔ᣢࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ ࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡃࡶⰋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ STEP1 ῝้࡞ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡀ࡞࠸㸽 ᮏேࡀ➨୍⩌ࡿሙྜ㸪ᑠࡉ࡞ኚ࡛ࡶࡁ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢫࡋ࡚ឤࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ≧ែࡀᏳᚰ࡛ࡁࡿ≧ែ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ࡕࡻࡗࡋࡓኚࡀᮏேࡗ ࡚ࡣΰࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⮬യᐖࡢ⾜ືࡀ⏕ࡢ༴ᶵ㝗ࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵៅ㔜⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࢆࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᭀຊⓗ࡞⾜ື㸦⮬യࡶྵࡴ㸧ࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻ㸪ฟ᮶ࡸᭀຊⓗ࡞ࡿࡁࡗ ࡅᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢᮏேᑐࡍࡿᜍࢀࡸ⮬㈐ࡢẼᣢࡕࡀᙉ࠸ሙྜ࣭ᆅᇦࡢ┠ࡀẼ࡞ࡿሙ ྜ࡞ࡣၥ㢟⾜ືࡢ⌮ゎ㛫ࢆࡅ᭱ࡶ༴㝤࡞≧ἣࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢࡺࡾࢆྲྀ ࡾᡠࡍ STEP㸰ࡸᝈࡢᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࢆඛ່ࡵ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ STEP㸰 ᐙ᪘ࡀẼᣢࡕࡺࡾࢆᣢ࡚࡚࠸ࡿ㸽 ┦ㄯ᮶ࡽࢀࡓᐙ᪘ࡣ⮬㈐ឤࡸࡎࡋ࠸࠸ࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡽ㸪࡞ࡾ῝้࡞ࡿࡲ࡛࿘ ᅖࡢேࠎࡸᑓ㛛ᐙែࢆᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡽࢀࡎ㸪⸕ࢆࡶࡘࡴẼᣢࡕ࡛᮶ᡤࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ㔜࡞⤖ᯝ࠸ࡓࡿࡇࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡣ㸪 ᐙ᪘ࡀᏳᚰࡋ࡚ヰࡏࡿ㞺ᅖẼࢆ☜ಖࡋ㸪 ሗࢆ᪩ᮇࡽඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀษ࡛ࡍࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨭࡀྍ⬟㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ᪩ࡃࡽ ᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡶᚲせ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢୖ࡛ CRAFT ᑟධࢆᐙ᪘ࡀ㑅ࢇࡔሙྜ㸪ࡺࡾ࠶ࡿ⏕άࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪⮬ศࡢ 㛫ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤఱࡀࡋࡓ࠸㸪ࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡇࢆලయⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋࡸࡾࡓ࠸ ࡇࡢヰ㢟ࡀ࡞࡞࣓࣮ࢪฟ᮶࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢࡘࡽ࠸Ẽᣢࡕࡀᙉࡍࡂ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ ࡸࡑࡢࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡇࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿせᅉࡀ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ༑ศ⪺ࡁฟࡍᚲせࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ┦ㄯෆ࡛ᴦࡋ࠸Ẽᣢࡕゐࢀࡽࢀࡿ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ STEP㸱 ᐙ᪘㛵ಀࡀᝏࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸽 㛗ᮇࢃࡓࡿᑐᛂ࡛ᮏேᐙ᪘ࡢ㊥㞳ឤࡸ᥋ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢឤࡀ㯞⑷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸪ᴟ➃࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪᭱ึࡣኚࡀᑠ ࡉࡍࡂ࡚ᐙ᪘ࡀẼ࡙ࡁࡃ࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠺࠸࠺ኚࢆᮃࡴࡢ㸪ᮇᚅࡢࡁࡉ࡞ ࡶ☜ㄆࡋ㸪࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ᐇ㊶ࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉ‽ഛࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ STEP㸲 Ꮚࡶࡢάືᛶࡣ༑ศ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸽 ᮏேࡢάືࢆ༑ศ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ㸪㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ࣏ࣥࢺࢆḟᅇࡲ࡛ᐙ᪘ほᐹࡋ࡚ࡶ ࡽ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ୍᪥ࡢືࡁ㸦ࡇࡔࢃࡾࡸᐙ᪘ࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡴάື࡞ࡶྵࡴ㸧ࡸ⃭ࡋࡉ㸦ࡃ άືࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶྵࡴ㸧 㸪㣗㸦⮬Ⓨࡢ᭷↓ࡶ㸧㸪せồࡸゝື࡞ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ↓⌮ ࡢ࡞࠸ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࠸㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆఙࡤࡋ࡚ − 38 − ࠸ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋάືἼࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡶᐃࡋ㸪άືᛶࡀୗࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡸ㸪⃭ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢᑐᛂࡶ‽ഛࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ STEP㸳 ᚋࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸽 㝔ࡸ⒪⧅ࡀࡿࡇࡀ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡋ࡚࠶ࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ㸪⮬ࡽ㝔⾜ࡃࡇࡣ ࡚ࡶຬẼࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ከࡃࡢሙྜቨ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᮍ⒪ᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗ᘬࡃ≧ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠾ ࡼࡰࡍᜍࢀࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ་ᖌࡢゼၥࡸಖᖌྠక࡛┦ㄯ⪅ࡀゼၥ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᮏேാࡁ ࡅࡿࡶᚲせ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢሙྜࡶᐙ᪘ᮏேࡢẼᣢࡕࡸືᶵ㸪Ᏻࢆ༑ศ⪺ࡁྲྀࡗ࡚ ⾜ᨻࡸ་⒪㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ືࡃࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ − 39 − 㸲㸬ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡀ➨⩌ヱᙜࡍࡿሙྜ ࡇࡢ⩌㸪≉⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ㸦௨ୗ㸪ASD㸧≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿே CRAFT ࢆᛂ⏝㐺⏝ࡍ ࡿⅬࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୗࡢ୕Ⅼࡀᩚ⌮ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪2015㸧 ࠋ୍ࡘࡵࡣ㸪ᡃࡀ ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ 2005 ᖺⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ᨭἲ⾜௨㝆ᛴ⃭Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖࡢᨭయไࡀᐇࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪 㛗ᖺ㛢ࡌࡇࡶࡿ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢሗࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ IP ࡀ࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪CRAFT ࢆ CSO ࡀཷࡅࡿࡇ࡛ IP ሗࡀఏࢃࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡵࡣ㸪▱ⓗ࡞ 㐜ࢀࡀ┠❧ࡓ࡞࠸Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖࡢሙྜ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀ㐺ษ࡞ሗࡸලయⓗ࡞ຓࢆᚓࡽࢀࡎᏳࢆ య㦂ࡍࡿࡇࡀከࡃ㸦ᰗᴦࡽ㸪2004㸧㸪CRAFT ࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢫࢺࣞࢫࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ᪥ᖖⓗ㧗 ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᐙ᪘ࢆࡍࡄࢣ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ୕ࡘࡵࡣ ASD ࡢ≉ᛶࡋ࡚♫ ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⥔ᣢࡸ⯡ࡀⱞᡭ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸦Koegel & Rincover, 1977㸧㸪㞟୰ⓗ࡞ࢣ ࡢᚋࡶ㐣㊊࡞ࡃ CSO ࢆྵࡴ Community ࡽ㐺ษ࡞㝶కᛶ᧯సࢆཷࡅ⥆ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ ࠺ィ⏬ࢆࡍࡿ CRAFT ࡣ㸪ASD ᨭࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿୖ࡛㠀ᖖ᭷⏝ࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽ ࡢࡇࡣ㸪≉ᛶࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀ㸪ὀពḞዴከືࡸ㝈ᒁᛶᏛ⩦࡞ࡢࡢⓎ㐩 㞀ᐖࡸ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࡶᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡣᨭ⪅ࡀࡇࡢ⩌ CRAFT ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺㝿ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠾ࡃࡁ⌮ᛕࡶ ㏻ࡌࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾ CRAFT ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨭࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࡢሙྜᨭ⪅ࡣࡘ࠸ᢏἲⓗഃ㠃㣕ࡧ ࡘࡁࡀࡕ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪CRAFT ࡀ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝≀㉁౫Ꮡᑐࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒㐣ྠᵝ㸪ᨭ⪅ࡣ ASD ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ IP ࡸ CSO ࡢ⏕άࡢ㉁ᖖᛮ࠸ࢆ㥅ࡏ㸪ᨭࢆࡍࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆ ࡩࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛㸪ASD ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⩌ CRAFT ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᐇ㝿ᛂ⏝㐺⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ୗ ࡲࡵࡲࡍࠋ 㸯㸧⤒㐣ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢὀពⅬ ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺㸪ASD≉ᛶࡽ㸪⤒㐣ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᖖὀពࢆᡶ࠺ᚲせᛶࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪2014㸧ࠋ ձ IP ࡀḟ㞀ᐖࢆేⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ྛ᪉㠃ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ㐃 ᦠࡍࡿࠋ ղ IP ࡀேࡸሙ㠃ࡼࡗ࡚“ࡳࡏࡿ㢦”ࡀࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅከࡃࡢ ሙ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡋ㸪IP ࡢయീࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ ճ IP ࢆ⏝ព่⃭ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ մ IPࡢ⮬Ⓨᛶ⾜ືࡀஈࡋ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪⮬Ⓨᛶ⾜ືࢆᘬࡁฟࡍࡓࡵࡢ☜❧᧯సࢆ ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸㸪ྠIP ࡀᣦ♧ᚅࡕ࡞ࡿࡇࢆண㜵ࡍࡿࠋ յ IP ࡀ㸪ᬯ㯲ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡸᖺ㱋┦ᛂࡢ♫ᛶࡢ⋓ᚓ࡞㸪┠ぢ࠼࡞࠸♫ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡘ ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣ㸪IP ࡀ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸᪉ἲ࠾ࡼࡧീࡋࡸࡍ࠸᪉ἲ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡽࢆIP ఏ࠼ࡿࠋ ն IP ࡢ♫ⓗࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⋓ᚓ࣭⥔ᣢ࣭⯡ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㛗ᮇⓗᨭࡀᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙ ྜࡣ㸪IP ࡀᡭࡀࡾ࡞ࡿカ⦎ࡸ≀ࡸேࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ − 40 − շ IPࡸCSOࡀ㸪ASD≉ᛶࢆࠕ⏕᮶ᛶࡢࠖࠕಶᛶࡢ୍㒊ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠖ㸪ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ ո ࣉࣛࣥࡑࡗࡓᨭࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㸪㛵ಀᶵ㛵㐃ᦠࡋ୍࡚㈏ࡋࡓᑐᛂࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ 㸰㸧⒪ᵓ㐀ࢆᩚ࠼ࡿ CSOࡢᨭᮇ㛫ࡣ㸪CRAFT ࡢ⮫ᗋヨ㦂ྠᵝ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ6 ࣨ᭶᭱12 ᅇࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᚲ せᛂࡌ࡚᭱1ᖺ㛫ࡲ࡛ᘏ㛗ࡍࡿࠋCRAFT ␗࡞ࡾ᭱㛗1 ᖺ㛫ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪ASD ≉ ᛶࡸࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࡢ⛬ᗘࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ⾜ືࡢ⮬Ⓨࡲ࡛㛫ࢆせࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ ᭷ᮇ㝈࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ㸪⮫ᗋヨ㦂ୖࡢࣉࣟࢺࢥ࣮ࣝࡢ⤫୍࠸࠺㠃௨እࡶ㸪CSO ࡢືᶵ࡙ ࡅࢆಖࡘୖ࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡛ࡍ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪2015㸧ࠋ ASD ≉ᛶࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ከ⩏ⓗ࡞ࡇΰࡋࡸࡍࡃ㸪≀ࡀ1ᑐ1ᑐᛂࡢ᪉ࡀ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ ࠸ࡓࡵ㸦బࠎᮌ㸪1993㸧㸪IPᢸᙜCSOᢸᙜࢆศࡅࡿࡇࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ 㐺ᐅ㸪ᐙᗞෆᭀຊ࡞༴ᶵධࢆࡍࡿᨭ⪅㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡇࡽࡉࡽIPCSOࢆಖㆤศ㞳 ࡍࡿᨭ⪅ࡽ㐃ᦠࢆࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸱㸧ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ᶵ⬟ศᯒ ⤒㐣ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪IP ࡗ࡚ࡢᙉᏊࡣఱ㸪IP ࡀ่⃭⾜ືࡢ㝶కᛶࢆⓗ☜㛵㐃࡙ ࡅ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞㸪ASD ≉ᛶ㓄៖ࡋ࡚ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪 CSO ࡀࡼࢀᛮࡗ࡚⏝࠸ࡿឡ⾲⌧ࡶ IP ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᙉᏊ࡞ࡿࡇࢁΰࡸືᦂ ࡢཎᅉ࡞ࡾ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ࠼ࡲࡍ㸦ࢺ࢘ࢵࢻ㸪2008㸧ࠋࡲࡓฟ᮶ࡀഅ↛࠾ࡁࡓࡇ 㸪┦ᡭࡀᨾព࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆㄗㄞࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸦ࢺ࢘ࢵࢻ㸪 2008㸧ࠋ IP ࡢឤࡌ᪉ࡸ⪃࠼᪉ࢆࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ⤖ᯝࡽࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓ ୖ㏙ࡢࠕ⤒㐣ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢὀពⅬࠖࢆࡩࡲ࠼㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅከࡃࡢேࡽࡢሗࡸ㸪ከࡃࡢ ሙ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆ㞟ࡵࡲࡍࠋ ᶵ⬟ศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪IP ࡢ㐺ᛂ⾜ື㛵ࡍࡿ่⃭―ᛂ㝶కᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⫼ᬒ ࠶ࡿ IP ࡢ ASD ≉ᛶ⎔ቃせᅉࡢ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ㸪IP ࡢ㐺ᛂ⾜ື CSO ࡞ࡼࡿ㐺ᛂ ⾜ື⥔ᣢせᅉࡢ㛵㐃㸪࡞ࢆぢ❧࡚ࡲࡍ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪2014㸧ࠋ≉ ASD ≉ᛶࡢ୰࡛ࡶどぬグ ᠈ࡀᙉࡃ㸪ឤฎ⌮ࡀⱞᡭ࡞ሙྜ㸪CSO ࡢጼࢆぢࡿࡇࡀᛌ࡞グ᠈ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ᮲௳่ ⃭࡞ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪2014㸧㸪࢜࣌ࣛࣥࢺ⾜ືࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢹࣥࢺ⾜ື ࡶศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸲㸧ධ ቃ࣭㔝୰ࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡྠᵝ㸦ቃ࣭㔝୰㸪2013㸧 㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡽ㸪࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗ ᪉ᘧ࡛ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐇ㝿ࡣ௨ୗࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ձࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢⱝ⪅♫ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࡓࡵ㸪ղၥ㢟⾜ືࡢ⌮ゎ㸪ճᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢண㜵㸪 շᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ຍⓗᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢධࡢ᪉ἲ㸪ASD ≉ᛶࡢ − 41 − ⌮ゎࡑࡢ♫㈨※ࡢ⏝ࡢ᪉ࡣ CSO ᨭࡢᅵྎ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ୰ࡢ࠸࡞ࡿ ࡁࡶ㐺ᐅ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ≉ ASD ≉ᛶࡢ⌮ゎࡑࡢ♫㈨※ࡢ⏝࡛㸪ぶࡢࡸ࣌ࣞ ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ᐙᗞෆᭀຊ࡞ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪CSO ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿሙྜ㸪մ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⋓ᚓ㸪ո┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࢆୖᡭ ່ࡵࡿ㸪ࢆึᮇࡢẁ㝵࡛ィ⏬ࡍࡿࡇࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪IP ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ ࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢࠕ⤒㐣ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢὀពⅬࠖศ㓄៖ࡋࡲࡍࠋASD ࡢሙྜ㸪⎔ቃࡢ࣑ ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳⱞ៖ࡋ࡚♫ⓗࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀከࡃ㸪㝶కᛶ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡎࡶࡇࢀࡽࡢࡼࡃィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓሗᥦ౪ࡼࡾ┦ㄯሙ㠃᮶࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ IP ࡣከ ࠸࡛ࡍ㸦ᒣᮏ࣭ᐊᶫ㸪2014㸧 ࠋ ௨ୖࡲ࡛ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡛ኚࡀᮃࡵ࡞ࡉࡑ࠺࡞ሙྜ㸪յୖᡭࡵ࡚ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍ㸪 նඛᅇࡾࢆࡸࡵ㸪ࡋࡗࡾྥࡁྜࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍ㸪࠸ࡗࡓ㸪㝶కᛶ࣐ ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢆィ⏬ࡋࡲࡍࠋASD ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࡢᏛ⩦ࡀṇ ☜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡸ㸪ఱࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡢ౯್ほࡀୡ㛫୍⯡␗࡞ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺ ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ࡲࡎୡ㛫୍⯡ࡢᚲせ᭱ప㝈ࡢ౯್ほࢆᏛࡪᶵࢆィ⏬ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⤒㐣ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᐙᗞෆᭀຊ࡞ࡢ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀ㧗࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ୰ ᩿ࡋ࡚༴ᶵධࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ 㸲㸧ࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࢵࣉ CRAFT ࡢᐇࡼࡾ IP ࡢᨭࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡾ IP ࡀᨭᶵ㛵ࢆゼࢀࡓ㝿㸪࠼ࡤ IP ࡀᑵປᨭᶵ㛵ࢆゼࢀࡓ㝿㸪IP ࡢ┦ㄯ⾜ື࠸࠺㐺ษ࡞⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᑵປᨭᶵ㛵 ࠸࠺ Community ࡽᙉࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪IP ┦ㄯࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࡀ㊊ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡸ㸪ᑵປᨭᶵ㛵ࡢᑐᛂࡀ㐺ᙜࡔࡗࡓሙྜ㸪IP ࡗ࡚ࠕࡀࢇࡤࡗ࡚┦ㄯ ࡋࡓࡅୖᡭࡃ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠖ㈇ࡢ⤒㦂࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㸪IP ࡢ ⾜ືࢆ༑ศண ࡋ㸪IP ࡢ㐺ษ࡞⾜ືࡀ Community ࡽᙉࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢺ ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓ CSO ࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⤊ࡲࡓࡣ୰᩿ᚋࡶᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ᨭ⪅┦ㄯࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿࡼ࠺ಖドࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㸳㸧Community ࢆᩚ࠼ࡿ ௨ୖࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪IP ࡸ CSO 㸪㐺ᐅ Community ࡽᚲせ࡞ᙉ ࡀཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪Community ഃࢆᩚ࠼࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᙜ⪅ࡢࡸぶࡢࡢ 㐃ᦠ㸪⮬❧ᨭ༠㆟ࡸⓎ㐩㞀ᐖᨭయไᩚഛᴗࢆ⏝ࡋࡓᇶ┙ᩚഛ㸪ᨭ⪅ྠኈඹ㏻ ㄆ㆑ࢆࡶࡘࡓࡵࡢ࣮ࣜࣇࣞࢵࢺసᡂ㸦➨6❶ཧ↷㸧 㸪ࡑࢀࡽ㐃ືࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡢᨭ⪅ྥࡅ◊ ಟࡢ⏬㸪࡞ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇࢆᨭ࠼࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ − 42 − 㸳㸬CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢㄢ㢟 ྛᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 CRAFT ࢆᏛࡪᨭయไࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ≉㸪ᐇ⪅㣴ᡂࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢫ࣮ ࣃ࣮ࣂࢬࢆࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨭ⪅⫱ᡂ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪CRA ࡢࢫࣆࣜࢵࢶࢆཷࡅ⥅ࡄேࢆቑࡸࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࢆࡘ࡞ࡆࡿඛࡢ་⒪ᶵ㛵ࡸᨭᶵ㛵ࡢ㛵ಀసࡾࡢᚲせᛶࡀᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ⫼ᬒࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ᨭࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ᇶ┙యไࢆࡶࡗࡓᶵ㛵ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪 CRAFT ࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡚ࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸪ண⟬ࡀ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸪ேࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᶵ㛵ࡀከ࠸ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪㛵ಀᶵ㛵㛫ࡢᙺศᢸࡢ᰿ᣐࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከࡃ㸪 CRAFT ࡢ㊊ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ᶵ㛵ࡶከ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡼࡾලయⓗࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ձ ㏻ᖖࡢ㠃᥋㛫ࢆ 60 ศᯟ࡛ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪CRAFT ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ 60 ศ௨ෆࡢ༢ ࡛ᐇ࡛ࡁࡿ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࡔᐇࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ղ ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺయ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ㄝ᫂⏝㸪ᣢࡕᖐࡾ⏝㸪ࡾ㏉ࡾ࠼ࡿ ྛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࢲࢪ࢙ࢫࢺ∧ศࡅࡿ➼㸪᭩ࡁ㎸ࡳࡸࡾ㏉ࡾࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࢸ࢟ ࢫࢺࡔࡼࡾ࠸ࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ճ CRAFT ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᐙ᪘⤂ࡍࡿࡁ⏝ࡢᑠᏊࡀ࠶ࡿㄝ᫂ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ մ ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㸦ࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ♧㸧ࡢ✀㢮ࢆቑࡸࡍࠋ յ ┦ㄯ᮶ࡓᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗࢣࢆࡍࡿࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸦➨㸵ᅇࡀ࡞࡞ᐇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ ᐙ᪘㸧ࠋ ն ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ᐙ᪘ࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࠋ շ ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞᢠࡀ࠶ࡿᐙ᪘ࡢᨃఝయ㦂ࡢྎᮏࠋ ո CRAFT ⤊ᚋࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࠋ չ ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡀឤⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࠋ պ ẖᅇࡢࢭࣝࣇࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢩ࣮ࢺ㸦ᐟ㢟ࡢឤࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࣓ࣥࢱࣝ㠃ࡢኚື ࡶࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸧ࠋ ջ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢែࡼࡿ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡢࣄࣥࢺ㸦ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡀᚲせ࡞ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ ࡣ㸽㸧 ռ ᙉᏊࢆぢࡘࡅࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࢻࣂࢫ㸦࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣆࣥ ࡇ࡞࠸ᐙ᪘⏝㸧ࠋ ս CRAFT ࡀ࡞ࡌࡲ࡞࠸᪉ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᥦ♧ࠋ − 43 − 㸴㸬CRAFT ࡢᏛࡧ᪉ ձMeyers Ặࡢ㈨ᩱ CRAFT ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ Meyers Ặࡼࡿ㸱᪥㛫ࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡢ㈨ᩱࢆᮏሗ࿌᭩㈨ᩱ ࡋ࡚ῧࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋMeyer Ặࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡢཧຍࡣ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢṇᘧ࡞ㄆドࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵᚲ㡲࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ղ௵◊✲⪅ࡢ㈨ᩱ ௵◊✲⪅ࡀ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭྥࡅ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸯᪥ࡢ◊ಟ㈨ᩱࢆᮏሗ࿌᭩㈨ᩱ ࡋ࡚ῧࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ◊ಟࡣ㸪CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢㄆドࢆཷࡅࡿࡓ ࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ճCRA ◊✲ CRAFT ࡢ๓㐍࡞ࡿ㸪CRA ࢆ୰᰾ࡋࡓᢏἲ⩌௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣭ CRA ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸦Commnunity Reinforcement Approach㸧 ࣭ CRAFT ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳᐙ᪘カ⦎㸦Commnunity Reinforcement and Family Training㸧 ࣭ A-CRA 㟷ᖺ∧ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸦Adolescent Commnunity Reinforcement Approach㸧 ࡇࢀࡽࢆ⥲ྜࡋ࡚ A/CRA/FT ⾲グࡍࡿࠋ A/CRA/FT ࡢᬑཬ㸪ၨⓎ㸪◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺◊✲ࡋ࡚ᮏ◊✲ᴗ࠾࠸࡚ CRA ◊✲ࡀタ ❧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᚋ㸪ᾏእࡢᐇ㊶⪅ࡶ㐃ᦠࡋ㸪ᮏ㑥࠾ࡅࡿ A/CRA/FT ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸ ᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚ཧࡾࡲࡍࠋ◊✲ࡢᴫせࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ྡ⛠㸸᪥ᮏࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸦CRA㸧◊✲ ௦⾲㸸ྜྷ⏣⢭ḟ㸦⸛㔛㝔 㝔㛗㸧 ົᒁ㸸ቃ Ἠὒ㸦ᚨᓥᏛᏛ㝔 ᩍᤵ㸧 㔝୰ಇ㸦᪩✄⏣ᏛᏛ㝔 ༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧 άືෆᐜ㸸A/CRA/FT ࡢᬑཬ㸪ᩍ⫱㸪◊✲ ㈝㸸↓ᩱ ⏦㎸᪉ἲ ௳ྡ㸸᪥ᮏ CRA ◊✲ධ ᮏᩥ㸸Ặྡ㸪ᡤᒓ㸪ఫᡤ㸪㟁ヰ㸪e-mail㸦࣓࣮ࣜࣥࢢࣜࢫࢺⓏ㘓ࡋ࡚Ⰻ࠸ࢻࣞ ࢫ㸧ࢆグ㍕ ⏦㎸ඛ㸸[email protected] − 44 − ᩥ⊩ ࢺ࢘ࢵࢻ, T. ㎷ṇḟ࣭ᮾᾏ᫂Ꮚ㸦ヂ㸧2008 ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ ࢺ࢘ࢵࢻ༤ኈࡢ㸺ឤ ࢆぢࡘࡅ࠸ࡇ࠺㸼㸯㸬ᛣࡾࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ ᫂▼᭩ᗑ㸦Attwood, T. 2004 Exploring feelings: Anger: Cognitive behaviour therapy to manage anger. 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(Eds.) 1985 Dictionary of behavior therapy techniques. Oxford: Pergamon Press㸧 Miller, W. R., Meyers, R. J., & Tonigan, J. S. (1999). Engaging the unmotivated in treatment for alcohol problems: A comparison of three strategies for intervention through family members. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 688– 697. Roozen, H. G., de Waart, R., & van der Kroft, P. (2010). Community reinforcement and family training: An effective option to engage treatment-resistant substance-abusing individuals in treatment. Addiction, 105, 1729–38. 㔝୰ಇ࣭ቃ Ἠὒ࣭㔝࠶ࡁᏊ (2013). ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢぶᑐࡍࡿ㞟ᅋㄆ ▱⾜ື⒪ἲࡢຠᯝ―Community Reinforcement and Family Training ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓヨ⾜ ⓗධ─ ⢭⚄་Ꮫ, 55, 283–291. 㔝୰ಇ࣭ቃ Ἠὒ (2015). Community Reinforcement and Family Training ࡢຠᯝ ̿ ࣓ࢱศᯒࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ウ̿ ⾜ື⒪ἲ◊✲, 41, 179̽191. − 45 − ቃ Ἠὒ࣭ᖹᕝἋ⧊࣭㔝୰ಇ࣭ᒸᓮ ๛࣭ጒᑿ㤶ⱑ࣭ᶓ℩ὒ㍜࣭✄⏿㝧Ꮚ࣭∵ᑿ ᜨ࣭ ⁁ཱྀᬡᏊ (2015). ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࡢぶᑐࡍࡿ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝ ⾜ື⒪ἲ◊✲㸪41, 167̽178. ቃ Ἠὒ࣭㔝୰ಇ (2013). CRAFT ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ̿ⱝ⪅ࡀࡸࡿ Ẽ࡞ࡿࡓࡵᐙ᪘ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ 㔠๛ฟ∧ బࠎᮌṇ⨾ 1993 ㅮᗙ⮬㛢⒪⫱ࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡ Ꮫ⩦◊✲♫ Sisson, R. W., & Azrin, N. H. (1986). Family-member involvement to initiate and promote treatment of problem drinkers. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 17, 15–21. Smith, J. E., & Meyers, R. J. (2004). Motivating substance abusers to enter treatment: Working with family members. New York: Guilford Press. ᰗᴦ᫂Ꮚ࣭ྜྷ⏣Ꮚ࣭ෆᒣⓏ⣖ኵ 2004 ࢫ࣮࣌ࣝ࢞ೃ⩌ࡢᏊࡶࢆᣢࡘẕぶࡢ㞀ᐖ ㄆ㆑క࠺ឤయ㦂―ࠕ㞀ᐖࠖࡋ࡚ᑐᛂࡋࡘࡘࠕࡇࡢᏊࡽࡋࡉࠖࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿࡇ࣮ ඣ ❺㟷ᖺ⢭⚄་Ꮫࡑࡢ㏆᥋㡿ᇦ㸪4 45㸪389㸫392㸬 ᒣᮏ ᙬ (2014). ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ㞀ᐖ≉ᛶࢆ⫼ᬒࡶࡘ♫ⓗࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ―CRAFT (Community Reinforcement and Family Training) ࢆཧ⪃ධࡋࡓ 2 ―. ⾜ື⒪ἲ◊✲, 40, 115–125. ᒣᮏᙬ 2015 ᛮᮇ௨㝆ࡢ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ㸦ASD㸧ᑐࡍࡿ Community Reinforcement and Family Training㸦CRAFT㸧 ⾜ື⒪ἲ◊✲, 41(3), 193-203. ᒣᮏ ᙬ࣭ᐊᶫග (2014). ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ㞀ᐖ≉ᛶࡀ⫼ᬒ࠶ࡿ㸦ࡲࡓࡣࢃࢀ ࡿ㸧♫ⓗࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ CRAFT ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓධࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛؐࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⤂ ᐇᚋ 30 ࡢᚋ᪉どⓗㄪᰝؐ㸬 ඣ❺㟷ᖺ⢭⚄་Ꮫࡑࡢ㏆᥋㡿ᇦ㸪55㸪280-294. − 46 − &5$)7ࡢᐇࡲࡘࢃࡿ4$㞟 ௨ୗࡢ㹏㸤㸿࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪0H\HUV ඛ⏕ࡢᅇ⟅㹋㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢᅇ⟅㸿ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ &5$)7 ᐇ㝿ࡍࡿ⯡ⓗၥ㢟 㹏㸸 ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࡈ୧ぶࢆࡧࡘࡅࡿࡢࡣࠊ㌟యⓗࡶ㸵㸮ṓࡶ࡞ࡿࡈ୧ぶࢆࢡࣜࢽࢵ ࢡࡧࡘࡅࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ዟࡉࢇാࡁࡅࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࡶࡈ୧ぶࡢ࠺ࡀࡼࢁࡋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㹋㸸 ᡃࠎࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡶࠊ⣙㸯㸮ᑡᩘ࡛ࡋࡓࡀᐇ㝿㸴㸮௦ࠊ㸵㸮௦ࡢேࠎࡀ ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᖺ㓄⪅ᑓ⏝ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࡿୖᡭࡃ࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ⚾࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㸴㸳ṓ௨ୖࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿศࡿ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮࡞ࢆసࡾࠊࡲ ࡓࠊタࡲ࡛↓ᩱࡢ⛣ືᡭẁࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠕࡇࢇ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ⮬ศࡔࡅࡔࠖᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡣ㠀ᖖከࡃ࠸ࡲࡍ ࡀࠊࡃ㸴㸮ṓ㸵㸮ṓ࡞ࡿవィࠕࡶ࠺࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖᛮ࠸ࡀ ࡕ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᗈࡵ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆྠ㉁ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢಖ࡚ࡤୖᡭࡃ࠸ࡃᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 8QLODWHUDOࠊ୍᪉ྥᛶ࠸࠺ពࢆࡶ࠺ᑡࡋᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ㣧㓇⪅㹁㹑㹍୧ ᪉ാࡁࡅ࡞࠸࡛ࠊ㹁㹑㹍ࡽാࡁࡅࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡍ㸽 㹋㸸 ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ᩥ⊩࠾࠸࡚ 8QLODWHUDO ࠸࠺ሙྜࠊ ࠕูࡢㄡࢆకࢃࡎࠊࡦࡾ࡛ ၥ㢟ᑐฎࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ㹓㹌㹇ࡣࡦࡾ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡘࡲ ࡾࠊㄡ㛵ࡋ࡚ᑐฎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀࠊࡑࡢㄡࡣࡑࡢሙ࠸࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ಶูࢣࡢሙྜࠊ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡋࡓᚋࣇࢱ࣮ࢣࡢᕼᮃࡀ࠶ ࢀࡤ⾜࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡀࠊಙ㢗㛵ಀࡢᵓ⠏ ᅇ࡛༑ศ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㹋㸸 ࢹ࣮ࢱࡼࢀࡤࠊ㸣࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛᭷ຠゝ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࡶࡋཧຍ⪅ࡽࡀࡑࢀࡼࡾ㛗ᮇ㛫ࡢ⒪ࡃࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ ࠸ᮃࡴேࡣከ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡢሙྜࠊຓᡂ㔠ゝ࠺ࡢࡣ୍ᐃᮇ㛫࡛ษࡽࢀࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ⤊ゝࢃࢀࡓࡽࡑࡇ࡛⤊࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࡼࡾ㛗ᮇ㛫 &62 ࢆデࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡁࡗᡃࠎࡢᚓࡓ⤖ᯝࡼࡾⰋ࠸ࡶࡢࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㹏㸸 ಶูࡢ &5$)7 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ㢖ᗘࡣ㸽 㹋㸸 ㏻ᖖࡣ㐌 ᅇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㐍ᗘࡀ㐜ࡑ࠺࡞ &62 ࡞ࡽ㝸㐌࡛ࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࡋࠊ᪩ ࠸ேࡣ㐌 ᅇࡸࡗ࡚ࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺḟ➨࡛ࡍࠋ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸࡗ࡚ ࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᡃࠎࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㏻ᖖ ᅇࢆ ᭶࡛ࡇ࡞ࡋࡲࡍࠋ − 49 − 㹏㸸 &5$)7 ࡢホ౯ᣦᶆࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 㹋㸸 ࡞ኚᩘࡣࠊ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ㸦⒪㛤ጞ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠊ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ࡞ ࡗࡓࠊ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ⒪㛤ጞ௨እࡶ &62 ࡢᶵ⬟ྥୖࢆᅗࡿ࠸࠺┠ᶆࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ ᣦᶆࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 㹋 㸸 ࡘ ࡢ ᐃ ᣦ 㔪 ࢆ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋ %HFN V 'HSUHVVLRQ ,QYHQWRU\ 6SLHOEHUJHU$QJHU,QYHQWRU\ࠊ6SLHOEHUJHU$Q[LHW\,QYHQWRU\0RRVH V+HDOWK\ 'DLO\/LYLQJ6FDOH ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡸࣜࢧ࣮ࢳᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࡑࡢಙ 㢗ᛶ᭷ຠᛶࢆᰝᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⢭⚄ ᐃ≉ᛶ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ ᐃᣦ㔪ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᙼ ࡽࡢ≧ែࡀ࠸ྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 &5$)7 ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࠸࠺୰ࠊ ࠕࡍ࡛⒪ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓேᑐ㇟ࡢ &5$)7ࠖ ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⾜࠺ࡢࠋࡲࡓࠊᵓᡂ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣ㸦⒪㸧 ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓேࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࢆ୍⥴ࡍࡿࡢࠊࡑࢀࡶ⒪୰ࡢேࡔࡅࢆ 㞟ࡵ࡚ࡍࡿࡢᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㹋㸸 ࡲ࡛ࡢࡇࢁࠊ⚾ࡢ▱ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣ୍⥴ࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋఫᒃᆺࡢ⒪タ࡛ 㸦ࡍ࡛⒪ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓேᑐ㇟ࡢ㸧&5$)7 ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍ ⥴ࡋࡓሙྜࡢヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣศࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡢ ▱ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣ⒪ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓேᑐ㇟ࡢࡶࡢࡣ⒪㛤ጞࡋࡓேࡋཧຍࡋ࡚࠸࡞ ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㉁ၥࡣ࠾⟅࠼࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࢆࡸࡿ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᩍ࠼ࠊ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ ࡇࢆࡍࡿࡸࡾ᪉ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋᅇ⪅ࡀ⒪タࢆฟ࡚ᐙᖐࡗࡓࠊ&62 ࡀࡸࡣࡾᛣ㬆ࡗࡓࡾᛣࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡽࠊ,3 ࡣࡲࡓ⒪タ⯙࠸ᡠࡿࡇ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ&62 ࡀᛣ㬆ࡗࡓࡾᛣࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡢࢆࡸࡵࡼ࠺ࠊỴពࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑ ࢇ࡞ࡇࢆࡋ࡚ࡶ ,3 ࢆࡶࡗ㏣࠸ࡘࡵࡿࡔࡅࡔ㸦&5$)7 ࡽ㸧Ꮫࡪࡽ࡛ࡍ㸟 㹏㸸 &5$)7 ࠸࠺ࡢࡣᖾ⚟ᗘᑻᗘ㸦+DSSLQHVV6FDOH㸧ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࠶༴㝤ࠊᭀ ຊᗘࡢᰝᐃࢆࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺㡰␒ࡸࡿࡶࡢᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ᪥ࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩ ࣙࢵࣉࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㡰␒ࡣ࡞ࡉࡑ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ &62ࠊࢡࣛࣥ ࢺᑐࡋ࡚ࢀࡀ࠸ࡕࡤࢇⰋ࠸ࡢࠊᖾ⚟ᗘᑻᗘ㸦+DSSLQHVV6FDOH㸧ࢆࡸࡗ ࡓ࠺ࡀⰋ࠸࡞ᛮࡗࡓࡽࡸࡿࡋࠊࡢ &62 ࡢሙྜࡣᶵ⬟ศᯒ㸦)XQFWLRQD $QDO\VLV)$㸧ࢆඛࡸࡗࡓ࠺ࡀⰋ࠸࡞ࠊ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺⮫ᶵᛂኚࡸࡗ࡚࠸࠸ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢࠋ 㹋㸸 ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡶࠊ࠺࡛ࡶࠊዲࡁ࡞ࡼ࠺ࡗ࡚ᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᮏ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡑࡢᆺࡣࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶࠶࠸࠺ᙧ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ − 50 − ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㏻ࡾࡢ㡰㐍ࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡣỴࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎ ࡇࢀࢆ᭱ึࡸࡗ࡚ࠊḟࡇࢀࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸࠺ᣦᅗࢆࡍࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࢭ ࣛࣆࢫࢺࡣ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉ࡀุ᩿ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ࡢࢡࣛ ࣥࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࢡࣛࣥࢺ࡞ࡢࡔࡽࠊỴ᩿ࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉࡛ ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 㡰ᗎࡣࣇࣞ࢟ࢩࣈ࡛ࣝᵓࢃ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡀࠊ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ࠊ࣐ࢵࣉࢆసࡿࡇ ࠊࣂ࢜ࣞࣥࢫࡢᰝᐃࡣ᪩ࡵࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ๓ᥦ࡞ࡢࠊ࠸࠺Ⅼࠊ⒪ 㛤ጞ㸦࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ㸧ࡣᚋࡢ࠺ࡀⰋ࠸࠸࠺࠾ࡼࡑࡑ࠺࡞ࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡔ ࡅ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 㹋㸸 '9 ࡣ᭱ึ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡁ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⒪㛤ጞ㸦࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ㸧㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ&62 ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᅇ┠ࠊ ᅇ┠ࠊ ᅇ┠ࠊ ᅇ┠ࠊ ᅇ┠࠸ࡘࡸࡗ࡚ࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪩ࡵ⤂ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ㸦ᡭ㡰㸧ࡢ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛㛫ࢆࡅ࡚సᴗࡋ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡢ◊ ✲࡛⒪㛤ጞ㸦࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ㸧ࡲ࡛せࡋࡓᖹᆒᅇᩘࡣ ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡋࡓࠋ &62 ࡢࡇࢆࡼࡃศࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾࡎࡗ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࡛ࡸࡗ࡚ࡶᵓ ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓࠊ&62 ࡢ୰ࡣኵヰࡑ࠺࠸࠺ጼໃࢆ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛ぢࡏ࡞ࡗࡓேࡶ ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ 㹼 㐌࠶ࡗࡓࡽ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡣศࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ୰ࡣึࡵ࡚ࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ ⪺ࡃࡸྰࡸࠊ ࠕ࠸ࡲࡍࡄ࠶ࡢࣂ࢝⪅ࢆࢇ࡛㐃ࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡍ㸟ࠖゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ேࡶ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞ேࡣࠊṆࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡡࠋࠕࡕࡻࡗᚅࡗ࡚ࠋࡲࡔ‽ഛࡀ ఱࡶ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㛫ࢆࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ↔ࡽࡎࠊᚸ⪏ᙉࡃࡸࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࡡࠖࠋ 㹏㸸 &5$)7 ࡢᢏ⾡ࡢᑐ㇟ᖺ㱋ࡋ࡚ࡣ &62 ࡀ༑௦ࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢࠋࡲࡓࠊ༑௦ࡢᏊ౪ࡀ &62 ࡢሙྜࠊ㓄៖ࡍࡁⅬࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 㹋㸸 ⌧ᅾ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊẕぶࡸ∗ぶࡢ㣧㓇࣭⸆≀ၥ㢟ࡢᡭຓࡅࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢸ࣮ࣥ ࢚ࢪ࣮ࣕᑐ㇟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢸ࣮࢚ࣥࢪ࣮ࣕࡀ ,3 ⒪ࢆ㛤ጞࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵⰋ࠸ &62 ࡞ࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡍ⮫ᗋ◊✲ࡣぢࡓࡇࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᭱ప࡛ࡶ ṓࠊ ṓ௨ୖࡢ㠀ᖖᡂ⇍ࡋࡓே࡞ࡽࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛධࢀ࡚ ࡶ࠸࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠼ࡤ ࠊ ṓࡢᑡᖺ∗ぶࡢ㛫Ꮡᅾࡍࡿຊࡢᕪ࠸࠺ ࡢࡣ㠀ᖖࡁࡃࠊಶேⓗࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞タᐃࡣኻᩋࡋ⏕ࡲ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒ࡢ┠ᶆࡣ⒪ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡢᐙ᪘ࡢ⾜ືኚ⛣ ࡣ࡞࡞㞴ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢࡔࡀࠊ㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒࡛ࡎࡗ⥅⥆ⓗ⾜ືኚ⛣ࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ − 51 − ࡃࡢ㸽㹇㹎ࡢ⒪ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓᚋࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡔ᩿㓇࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㏻ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ ࠺࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᙧࡔࡀࠊ㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒࡛ࡣࢇ࡞ࢣࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ㸽 㹋㸸 Ⰻ࠸㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹁㹑㹍ࡀᮃࡴ㝈ࡾࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡀᚲせឤࡌࡿ㝈ࡾࠊ㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒࡛⒪ ࢆ⥆ࡅࡲࡍࠋ㹇㹎ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࢆࡶࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ㹁㹐㸿ࡸ㹁㹀㹒࠸ࡗࡓᐇ ドᇶ࡙ࡃ⒪᪉ἲࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㹁㹑㹍 㹇㹎ࡢ୧᪉ࡀ⒪ࢆཷࡅࠊ༑ศ࡞ᅇᩘࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋࠊ࢝ࢵࣉࣝࢭࣛࣆ ࣮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ࠾່ࡵࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 &62 ࡀࢡࣛࣥࢺ࡞ࡢ࡞ࡽࠊ&62 ࡢ࢝ࣝࢸࡶసࡿࡢ㸽 㹋㸸 ࡑࢀࡣ࠶࡞ࡓḟ➨࡛ࡍࠋࡕࡽ࡛ࡶᵓࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣẼࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋሙᡤࡼࡗ࡚ ୍⥴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊูࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ኵ፬࡛ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ኵ፬㛫࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥᕪࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪 ࡢࡼ࠺ᑐᛂࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣ㸪ࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢప࠸᪉㸪᮶ㄯࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓឤㅰࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ ఏ࠼ࡓࡾヰࢆࡗ࡚ࡳࡓࡾࡋ࡚㸪Ⓨゝࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞㞺ᅖẼ࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 &62 ࡀᐙ᪘௨እᏛᰯࡢඛ⏕࡞ࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪 ࡸࡾ᪉ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ぶ㸪Ꮫᰯࡢඛ⏕࡞㔜࡛ &5$)7 ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡣྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㸿㸸 &62 ࡣ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㔜せ࡞⪅࠸࠺ព࡛ࡍࡢ࡛㸪&62 ࡀᐙ᪘௨እ ࡢሙྜࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ &62 ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ㝿㸪,3 ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ᥋ゐࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪,3 ࡢ ⾜ືᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࠺ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿேࢆ &62 ࡍࡿࡢࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡲࡍࠋ ேࡢ ,3 ᑐࡋ࡚ேࡢ &62 &5$)7 ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡶྍ⬟ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᆺⓗ ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᏊࡶࢆ ,3 ࡋࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ୧ぶࡀ &62 ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ሙྜ࡛ ࡍࠋࡋࡋ㸪ேࡢ &62 &5$)7 ࢆ⾜࠺㸪ࡑࡢேࡀ༠ຊⓗ㛵ಀࢆẼࡅࡿࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚ៅ㔜࡞ᰝᐃࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪ᙜึẕぶࡢࡳࡢཧຍ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ሙྜ࠾࠸࡚㸪∗ぶࡀཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡛ẕぶࡀᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆゝ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪∗ぶࡢཧຍࡣ᥍࠼࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡽ࠺᪉ࡀᚓ⟇࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 &5$)7 ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿ㝿㸪⾜ື⒪ἲࡢ▱㆑ࡀ࡞࠸ே࡛ࡶᐇྍ⬟㸽 㸿㸸 ཝᐦ࡞ᶵ⬟ศᯒࡇࡔࢃࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᇶᮏⓗၥ㢟⾜ື㛵ࡍࡿ㸲ࡘࡢሗ㸦ࡁ ࡗࡅ㸪ࡁࡶࡕ㸪࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㸪ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㸧ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࡼ࠸⪃࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡲࡓᣦ ᑟࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪ᨭ⪅ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂࡀᐙ᪘ࡢⰋ࠸ኚࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ − 52 − ࠸࠺ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ㸪ᨭ⪅ࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡸ ࡍࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽ㸪ᨭ࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ㸪&5$)7 ࢆཷࡅࡓᐙ᪘ࡀኚࢃࡿ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿලయⓗ࡞୍ࡘࢆぢࡘࡅฟࡍࡇࡀᐙ᪘ࡢኚࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡲ ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸᶵ⬟ศᯒ࡞ࠊ ྛࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢෆᐜࡀ㌟ࡘ࠸࡚࡞࠸ࠊࡑࡢᅇࡘ࠸࡚ఱࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡶࡿࡇ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㸿㸸 &5$)7 ࡣࠕ ᅇࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊ ࠕ ಶࡢࢶ࣮ࣝࡀ࠶ࡿࠖᤊ ࠼ࡿࡢࡀጇᙜ࡛ࡍࠋ&62 ࡢ≧ែྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢࢶ࣮ࣝࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡢࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 &62 ᑐࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡞ゎỴ⟇ࡢࣈ࣮ࣞࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢࢆ⏘ฟࡉࡏࡿ㝿ࠊࣈ࣮ࣞࣥࢫ ࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᩍ࠼࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࠋ 㸿㸸 ࣈ࣮ࣞࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢࡣ㸲ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗ࣮ࣝࣝࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕேࡢពぢࢆᢈุࡋ࡞࠸ࠖࠊ ࠕ⮬⏤ዑᨺࠖࠊ ࠕⓎゝࡣ㉁ࡼࡾ㔞ࠖࠊ ࠕ⤖ྜᨵၿேࡢពぢ౽ࠖศ㢮ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㐍ࡵ᪉ࡋ࡚ࠕࢸ࣮࣐ࢆලయⓗタᐃࡍࡿࠖࠊ ࠕ࠶ࡽࡺࡿゅᗘࡽ⪃࠼ࡿࠖࠊ ࠕᛮ࠸ᾋ ࢇࡔࡇࢆ᭩ࡁ␃ࡵࡿࠖࠊ ࠕ⏘ฟࡉࢀࡓࢹࢆᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ᛶࠊຠᯝ࡞ࡢ㠃ࡽ ุ᩿ࡍࡿࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ7K ࡋ࡚ࡣ &62 ࡽฟࡉࢀࡓࢹ ࢆ୍ษᢈุࡏࡎࠊ⮬⏤Ⓨゝ࡛ࡁࡿ㞺ᅖẼࢆసࡿࡇ࡛ࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࢹࡀ⏘ฟ ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽฟࡉࢀࡓពぢᨵၿࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࠊࡼࡾⰋ࠸ࢹࡀ⏘ ฟࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 &5$)7 ࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊᐙ᪘ &5$)7 ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆࢥࣆ࣮ࡋ࡚࠾Ώࡋࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ 㸽 㸿㸸 ㈨ᩱࢆΏࡍࡇ࡛ࠊ&62 ࡀ ,3 ྥࡁྜࡗࡓୖᡭࡃࡿ⯙࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ Ώࡍࡇࡶ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ୍ࡘ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㸦㸹 ,3 ㈨ᩱࡀぢࡘࡗ࡚ࢣࣥ࢝࡞ࡿ㸧 ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠺࠼ุ࡛᩿ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒ࡢᑟධ 㹏㸸 &5$)7 ࡀᑟධ࡛ࡁࡿぢ❧࡚ࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪&5$)7 ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ 㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 &5$)7 ࢆᐇࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ▱ⓗ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪,3 ࡢ⾜ືᙳ㡪ࢆ ࠼ࡿ❧ሙ࠶ࡿ࡞ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ&5$)7 ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ &62 ࡢᙺ ❧ࡘ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࢀࡤ㸪ᑟධࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ − 53 − 㹏㸸 ⥅⥆ᨭࡢ୰ &5$)7 ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪&5$)7 ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ๓㠃 ฟࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ୰㏵༙➃࡞ᙧ࡛⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺⌧ᅾࡢᨭྲྀࡾ ධࢀࡓࡽࡼ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 ࢣ࣮ࢫࡢ᭱ึࡽ &5$)7 ࢆᐇࡍࡿ᪉ࡀࡸࡾࡸࡍ࠸ゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ&5$)7 ࢆᐇࡍ ࡿ୍␒ࡸࡾࡸࡍ࠸᪉ἲࡣ᭩⡠࡞ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ࠺᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪 &5$)7 ࡢせ⣲ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪ᶵ⬟ศᯒ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡣࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚⥅⥆ᨭࡢ୰ࡶྲྀ ࡾධࢀࡸࡍ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ 㞟ᅋ࡛ࡢᐇ 㹏㸸 㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒ࡣᐇ㝿୍ᑐ୍࡞ࡢ㺖㺼㺷㺎㺪㺽ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 㹋㸸 㺖㺼㺷㺎㺪㺽ࡶಶேࡶ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㝔⏕ࡀ㺖㺼㺷㺎㺪㺽㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㺖㺼 㺷㺎㺪㺽࡛ࡣ࠺❶ࡸ㒊ศࡀ␗࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ⤖ᯝࡣྠᵝ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡸࡿሙྜࡢ㢖ᗘேᩘࡣ㸽 㹋㸸 㐌 ᅇࠊᖹᆒ ྡ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒ࢆ㞟ᅋ࡛ࡸࡗࡓሙྜಶே࡛ࡸࡗࡓሙྜࡢᕪࡣఱࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ㸽 㹋㸸 ࡣ࠸ࠊᕪࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ &5$)7 ࡛ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ⮬యࡀࢧ࣏࣮ࢺయ⣔ࡢᙺ ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ &5$)7 ࡢࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡸࢫࢱࢵࣇࡼࡿࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣑࣮ࢸࣥࢢ⤊ᚋࠊ ከࡃࡢཧຍ⪅ࡣႚⲔᗑ࡞୍⥴⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ヰࢆࡋࠊ࠼ࡤㄡࡀࠕᜥᏊ ࡀ⒪᮶ࡓࡢࡼ㸟ࠖ࡞ሗ࿌ࡋࡓࡽࡑࢀࡣⓙࡗ࡚ࡁ࡞ሗ㓘ࡔࡗࡓゝ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣಶே࡛ࡸࡿࡼࡾࡶ⥅⥆ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຊࡀ ከࡗࡓᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ⮬ศ⮬㌟㸪㞟ᅋ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡓࡀࠊ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ึࡢ ᅇࡣᝈ⪅ࡀႅ ࡾࡗࡥ࡞ࡋ࡛↛ධࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢ ᅇࡣࡦࡓࡍࡽႅࡽࡏ࡚ࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡶఱࡶ ࠸ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕ࡛࠸࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢࠊࡑࢀࡶ ᅇ┠ࡽ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࢥ࣮ࢫࢆỴࡵ ࡚࠾ࡃࡁࠊ ᅇ┠ࡽࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ⏝࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࡍࡁ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᩍ࠼࡚ ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ 㹋㸸 ⚾࡞ࡽࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᅇࠊ ᅇࠊࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽ 㐌ࡃࡽ࠸ࡣࠊᩥྃࢆᆶࢀ ࡚Ἵࡁゝࢆゝ࠺ࡔࡅ࠺ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣ᪉ྥᛶࢆኚ࠼ࡉࡏࡲࡍࠋࡓ ࠼ࡤࢡࣛࣥࢺ㐩ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ཱྀㄪࡸែᗘ࡛ࠊ ࠕࢇࡵࡕࡷࡃࡕࡷኚࡔ − 54 − ࡗࡓࡡ࠼ࠋࡲࡗࡓࡃࠊኵ㐩ࡢⰋ࠸ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࡞ࢇ࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺ࡡࠖ࡞ゝ࠺ ࡩ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊඛேࡢᡭຓࡅࢆᚓࡿࠊ♫ᖐࡍࡿ࠸࠺࠾ヰࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑ ࡇࠕ⛎ᐦࢆᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡽࢀࡿேࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࠖゝ࠺୍ᩥࡀ࠶ࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᩥ ྃࢆゝ࠺ࡓࡵࡔࡅࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠼ࡤࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓே࠸ࢁ࠸ ࢁᡴࡕ᫂ࡅ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊᏳࡸࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤࡀᑡࡋゎᾘࡉࢀࠊࢭࣛࣆ࣮࡛࣏ࢪ ࢸࣈ࡞⾜ືࢆࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡡࠋ 㹏㸸 &62 ࡀࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࡇࢆㄢ㢟ࡸᐟ㢟ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ 㹼 ྡ ࠸ࡿሙྜࠊࡦࡾࡦࡾࡢ &62 ࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡓ࠸ෆᐜࢆẖᅇࡸࡗ࡚ᐟ㢟ᣢࡗ࡚ᖐࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡲࡓಶูࡢ⦎⩦ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛࠺⾜࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 㹋㸸 ࠸࠸࠼ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄢ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡲࡍࠋ ಶูࡢ⦎⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ㸪ࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡀ㒊ᒇࢆᅇࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍࡋࠊཧຍ⪅㡰␒ ヰࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࡍ࡛ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝ ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿዪᛶࠊ᪂ධࡾࡢேࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⩦ᚓ᪉ἲࢆᩍ ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊṇࡋࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡢ ࢞ࢻࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍ேࡎࡘᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡤ࠸࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ ࡞ࡓࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 㹏㸸 ᭶ ᅇ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᐙ᪘࡛ &5$)7 ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡣࡢࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࡽⰋ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 ᨭࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿ࡣㄝ᫂ྠពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪&5$)7 ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇྠព ࡋࡓேࡔࡅࡢ㞟ᅋ࡛ᐇࡍࡿ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸ゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ − 55 − ၥ㢟⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒ 㹏㸸 ᶵ⬟ศᯒ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ỵࡋ࡚ &62 ࢆྰᐃࡍࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࠊࡑࢀࡶ࠶ࡲࡾ ゎ㔘ࡀྰᐃⓗ࡞ሙྜࡣධࡋ࡚ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡇࡕࡽࡀᥦ♧ࡍࡿ࠸ࡗࡓࡇ ࢆࡋ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࡢ㸽 㹋㸸 㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ&62 ࡢከࡃࡣ↓⮬ぬ ,3 ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືࢆᨭ࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ ࡇࠋࡋ࡚ࠊࡍࡍࢇ࡛ᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡉ࠼࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࠊ ࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡣࠕࡶࡋ࠶࡞ࡓࡀᙼࡢ࠾ୡヰࢆṆࡵ࡚ࡶࠊᙼࡣྠᵝࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺㸽ࠖᑜࡡ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡣᑐฎࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࡑࡢ๓ &62 ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀࡀ⠏ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ๓ᥦ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ㈐ࡵࡓࡾ㎯ࡵ ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࡣ㑊ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡓࡔࠊྍ⬟ᛶࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ ᥈ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࢫࢱࣥࢫ࡛࠸࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ 㹏㸸 ᐙ᪘ࡢ୰ࡣ㸪▷ᮇⓗ࡞⤖ᯝࡢᡤ࡛ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞⤖ᯝࢆゝ࠺ேࡶ࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ ࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕᭀຊࢆࡋࡓ┤ᚋࡣᚋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠖ࡞࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ ࡇࢆゝࢃࢀࡓሙྜࠊ࠺ᢅ࠼ࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ㸽 㹋㸸 ⚾࡞ࡽ &62 ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠕࡲࡎࠊࡇࡢᭀຊࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ┤๓ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣఱࢆࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ㸽࡞ࡐࡇࢇ࡞ࡇࢆ⪺ࡃ࠸࠺ࠊఱࢆࡋࡓࡽୖᡭࡃ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠊ ఱࢆࡋࡓࡽୖᡭࡃ࠸ࡗࡓࠊࡑࢀࢆ▱ࡾࡓ࠸ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓྠࡌ⤖ᯝ࡞ ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᑡࡋࡸࡾ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠖࠋ ,3 ࡀᚋࡍࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡸࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠊᚋࡋࠊࡎࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࡑࢀࡣࢇࡢ▷࠸㛫ࡔࡅࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡔࡽ⚾ࡓࡕ ࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫࡣࢇࡢ▷࠸㛫ࡋ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ,3 ࡀᚋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡑࡢ▷࠸㛫ࠊ ⒪᮶࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ &62 ヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᚋࡢ▐㛫 ,3 ࡀ࠸ࡿࡁゝ࠺ゝⴥࡣ๓⦎⩦ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ࠸ࡘゝ࠺ࡢࠊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡋࡗࡾ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀษ ࡛ࡍࠋᚋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࠊࡲࡔ㓉ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸㸽ᚋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࡣࢩࣛࣇ࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸽&62 ఱࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺๓ࡣᚲࡎࡑࢀࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡶࡋ ,3 ࡀࡲࡔ㓉ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ ࠕ⒪୍⥴⾜ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ࡞࠸࠺వィ ᛣࡽࡏࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ၥ㢟⾜ືࡀከࡍࡂࡿሙྜࡣ࠺࠸࠺ඃඛ㡰ࢆࡘࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㸿㸸 ၥ㢟⾜ືࡀከࡍࡂࡿሙྜࡣḟࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡢᇶ‽࡛ᢅ࠺ၥ㢟⾜ືࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋձ᭱ࡶᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ື㸪ղᐙ᪘ࡀᢅ࠸ࡓ࠸ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ື㸪ճኚᐜྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࠋᐙ᪘ࡀᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࡇ ࢀࡽࡢᇶ‽ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᢅ࠺ၥ㢟⾜ືࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ − 56 − 㹏㸸 ▷ᮇⓗ࡞⤖ᯝ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞⤖ᯝࢆࢃࡅࡿࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀ㸪ࡑࢇ࡞ ࡣ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡛ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡀࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㸿㸸 ᶵ⬟ศᯒ࠾࠸࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࢆศᯒࡍࡿ࡞ࡣ㸪▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝࢆ ศࡅࡿࡢࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᶵ⬟ศᯒ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⾜ືࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓࢝ࢽ ࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇࡀ┠ⓗ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢹ ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 㛗ᮇⓗ࡞࣐ࢼࢫࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿ୰࡛㸪CSO ࡀᣲࡆࡓࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪IP ࡀྠ ពࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ࡪ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እ㸦CSO ࡀឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࢹ࣓ ࣜࢵࢺ㸧ࡢᢅ࠸ࡣ࠺ࡍࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 CSO ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁฟࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪࠺࠸ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ IP ࡀㄆࡵ ࡿࡢࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ༳ࢆࡘࡅࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ CSO ࡀ IP ヰ ࡋྜ࠸ࢆᣢࡕࡅࡿࡢࡀࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪CSO ࡢどⅬࡽぢࡓࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠾ ࠸࡚ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋIP ࡀྠព࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 IP ࡀྠពࡍࡿ ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆᑟࡁࡔࡍࣈ࣮ࣞࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢ㐣⛬࡛⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺␃ࡵࡿࡇ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 㛗ᮇⓗ࡞⤖ᯝࡢ୰࡛ IP ࡀྠពࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ㑅ࡪ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ⮬┬ࢆಁࡍ࠺࠼࡛ࡣ㔜せ ࡔᛮ࠺ࡀ㸪Ꮚࡶࡀྠពࡍࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣ㞴ࡋࡑ࠺࣭࣭ࠋCSO ࡀࢃࡽ ࡞࠸ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ㸪ࡲࡓ IP ࡀ⣡ᚓࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ࠺࠸࠺ᑐᛂ ࡞ࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 Ꮚࡶࡀྠពࡍࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ㸪IP CSO ࡢ 㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪IP CSO ࡢ㛵ಀࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࢀ ࡤ㸪IP CSO ࡢ㛵ಀᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡀྠព࡛ࡁࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪 ࡇࡢ๓ᥦࡀᔂࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ྠពࡍࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡞ ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪♫ཧຍព⩏ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠸㸪Ṛࢇ࡛ࡶ࠸࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞㸪♫ ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᙜ↛ࡢ๓ᥦࡀඹ᭷࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ㸪ྠពࡍࡿࢹ࣓ࣜ ࢵࢺࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ࡲࡎᅇ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ IP CSO ࡢ㛵ಀࢆⰋዲࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛㸪ࡲࡎࡣ IP CSO ࡢ㛵ಀᨵၿࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡢࡀጇᙜ࡞≧ἣࡔゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ၥ㢟⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒࡣㄞࡳୖࡆࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡶࡼ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 ᶵ⬟ศᯒ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ෆⓗࡁࡗࡅࡢሗࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ෆⓗࡁࡗࡅࢆᑀ ᢅ࠺ࡇ࡛㸪ࢇ࡞Ẽᣢࡕࡽၥ㢟⾜ືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡦ − 57 − ࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ཷᐜ㸪ඹឤࢆ♧ࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࣏ࣥࢺẼ࡙ࡅ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㉁ၥࢆᢞࡆࡅࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ၥ㢟⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒ࠾࠸࡚㸪㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓෆᐜࡀ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ᙜ⪅ࡢྠព࡛ࡁࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡘ࠸࡚㸪㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡀࡦࡁࡇ ࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡗ࡚ྠព࡛ࡁࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪⮬┬ࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ࢥ ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢෆⓗࡁࡗࡅࡀࡃศࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࢡ࢚ࣛࣥࢺࡢࡼ࠺ᑐᛂ ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 ෆⓗࡁࡗࡅࡀࢃࡽ࡞࠸⌮⏤ࡋ࡚㸪&62 ࡢ▱ⓗ⬟ຊࡀప࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡸ㸪ືᶵ࡙ ࡅࡀ༑ศ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ▱ⓗ⬟ຊࡀప࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪&5$)7 ࡢ㐺ᛂ࡞ࡾ ࡲࡏࢇࡀ㸪ᙺ௦࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆ⾜࠺ෆⓗࡁࡗࡅࡘ࠸࡚Ẽ࡙ࡅࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ༑ศ࡞ሙྜࡣ㸪ෆⓗࡁࡗࡅࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿព⩏ࢆ ༑ศㄝ᫂ࡋ㸪⮬⏤ㄒࡾࡸࡍ࠸㞺ᅖẼࢆసࡿࡇ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ㐪ࡗࡓᛂࡀ ᚓࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ − 58 − ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢண㜵 㹏㸸 㓄അ⪅ࡢ࠸ࡿዪᛶࡢ୕ศࡢ୍ࡃࡽ࠸ࡀᭀຊࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ ࡋࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢᨭ≧ἣࡀࡲࡔࡋࡗࡾ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡸࡾ ጞࡵࡿࠊᖺࠎ┦ㄯ௳ᩘࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊ₯ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀከࡃࠊ ᨭࡀᒆ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㹋㸸 ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃຍᐖ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤ⚾ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾࡶࡦ࠸ᭀຊࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿேࡗࡓࡋࡓࡽࠊࡑࡢே ࡣࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᑓ㛛ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⤂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺⿕ᐖ ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓዪᛶࡓࡕ୍⥴⒪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡲࡓࠊኵࡶຍᐖ⪅ᑓ㛛ࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛධࢀ࡚ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣ '9 ࡢࢩ࢙ࣝࢱ࣮ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠶ࡿᙼࡽࡣ⚾▱ᜨࢆ㈚ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ '9 ᑓ㛛ᐙ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ&62 ࢆຓࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢሗࡣᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 '9 ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㣧㓇ࡋ࡚ᭀຊࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࠊ㣧㓇ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢᭀຊࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡶከ ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢࡔࡀࠊࠕ࠾㓇ࡉ࠼㣧ࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࡇࡢேࡣᭀຊࢆࡿࢃ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋᮏᙜ ࡣⰋ࠸ே࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠖ &62 ࡶゝ࠺ࡋࠊ,3 ⮬㌟ࡶᭀຊࡢゝ࠸ヂࣝࢥ࣮ࣝࢆ࠺ ࡇࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊࣝࢥ࣮ࣝၥ㢟 '9 ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡢࠊࡍ ࡿ࡞ࡽࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡢࠋࡲࡓࠊ࡞ࡾࡦ࠸ '9 ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ౫ Ꮡࡢၥ㢟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇ࡛ࡑࢀࡀࡿ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ᮇᚅࡉࡏࡿࡢࡣⰋࡃ࡞࠸ ࠸࠺ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸽 㹋㸸 ࡑࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ⟅࠼ࡃ࠸ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࡡࠋᡃࠎ࡞ࡽ &62 ࡁࡕࢇㄝ᫂ࡍࡿᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡶࡋኵࡀ㣧㓇ࢆࡋࠊᭀຊⓗ࡞ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶᐙ␃ࡲࡿỴពࡋࡓ &62 ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ㌟ࢆᏲࡿ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡪᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ &5$)7 ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࠊࡢࡶࡗ⮬ศྜࡗࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛኚࢃࡿࠊࡑࢀࡶ 㒊ࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࠊࡑࢀࡣ &62 ⮬㌟ࡢỴࡵࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᡃࠎࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ỵ ᩿࡛ࡶࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡶࡋࣝࢥ࣮ࣝࡀ '9 㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࢩࣛࣇࡢࡣᭀຊࢆࡿࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡞ࡽࠊ㣧㓇ᭀຊ㛵㐃ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ⓑࡔ &62 ࡶヰࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑ ࢀࠊ&62 ⮬㌟ࡀ ,3 ࡢ㣧㓇⾜ືࠊ࠸ࡘ㣧ࡴࡢࠊࡇ࡛㣧ࡴࡢࠊ࡞ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㌟ࢆᏲࡿ᪉ἲࢆᚲࡎぢࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡽࠊ⚾࡞ࡽ &62 ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ &62 ࡀࠊࠕኵࡢᖐᏯࡀ༗ᚋ ࢆ㐣ࡂࡿ㌟ࡢ༴㝤ࢆឤ ࡌࡲࡍࠖゝࡗࡓ࡞ࡽࠊ༗ᚋ ༙ࡣᐙࢆฟࡿࡼ࠺່ࡵࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗ ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࡞ࢇࡽࡢ㜵ᚚ⟇ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪&62 ⮬ศࡢゝⴥࡼࡗ࡚ᭀຊࢆᘬࡁฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ − 59 − ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ឤࡌࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࠊ࠼ࡗ࡚ᭀຊࡢ㈐௵ࡀ⮬ศ࠶ࡿࢇࡔ ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ᛮࢃࡏ࡚ࡋࡲࢃ࡞࠸ᚰ㓄ᛮ࠺ࠋ 㹋㸸 ࡑࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋࡲ࡛⚾ࡀゝࡗ࡚ࡁࡓゝⴥࡢ୰ࠊ&62 ࢆ㈐ࡵࡓࡾ㈐௵ࢆឤࡌ ࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞ゝⴥࡣࡦࡘࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡀヰࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊఱࡼࡗ࡚ ,3 ࡀᛣࡾฟࡋࡓࠊ࠸࠺ᐇࡢࡳ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࡍࡿࡑ࠺⪺ࡇ࠼ࡓࡢࡶࡋࢀࡲ ࡏࢇࡀࠊ⚾ࡣゝࡗࡓࡘࡶࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 㹏㸸 ᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢ୰࡛㸪ࡁࡗࡅ࡛࠶ࡿእⓗᘬࡁ㔠ࡢ୰ࡢࠕ,3 ࡀᭀຊⓗ࡞ࡿࡁ㸪 ࠶࡞ࡓࡀゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝⴥࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽ࠖ࠸࠺㉁ၥࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⓶⫗࡞ゝ࠸ᅇࡋ࡞ ࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢゝⴥࡀࡁࡗࡅ࡛ᭀຊࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ศᯒࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡶ ࡕࢁࢇࠕࡁࡗࡅࠖࡔࡽ⿕ᐖ⪅㈐௵ࡀ࠶ࡿゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢ ࠕࡁࡗࡅࠖࢆ࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㸦&62 㸧ㄗゎࡉࢀࡿ㸪⮬ศࡢゝⴥ ࡀᭀຊࢆᘬࡁฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ㸪࠸࠺ពྜ࠸ㄞࡳྲྀࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸽 㹋㸸 ࡶࡋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊࠕᘬࡁ㔠ࠖ࠸࠺ࡢࡣᙼዪࡀఱ㛫㐪࠸ࢆ≢ࡋࡓ ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡁࡕࢇㄝ᫂ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᛣࡾࢆࢥࣥࢺ ࣮࡛ࣟࣝࡁ࡞࠸ࡢࡣᙼ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡽࠋ 㹏㸸 ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓᚋ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆࡋ࡚㸪 ࡑࡋ࡚ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᏛࢇ࡛ࡶ≉ᭀຊࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪,3 ᑐࡋ࡚ᜍᛧࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ᐇ㝿ࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ㝿ᜍᛧࡀ㞀ᐖ࡞ࡗ࡚࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣᛮ࠺ࠋ 㹋㸸 ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࠊ㹇㹎ఱࢆゝ࠺㝿ࡣࡼࡾὀពࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ࠸ࡘ ࡀ᭱㐺ࠊᮅ㉳ࡁ࡚ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ࢆ㣧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡁࠊᕸᅋධࡗࡓᚋࠊ㣗ࢆ㣗 ᖐᏯࡋࡓࡁࠊᅵ᭙᪥Ꮚ౪㐟ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠊ㹁㹑㹍┦ㄯࡍࡿ㛫ࢆࡋࡗ ࡾྲྀࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࠋᭀຊࡀ࠸ࡕࡤࢇ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞ࡑ࠺࡞ሙᡤࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊ㹁 㹑㹍ࡢ┦ㄯࡀᚲ㡲࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᪥ᮏࡢጔࡓࡕࡣࠊ♫ࡢ୰࡛ࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡀᝏ࠸ࠖࡎࡗゝࢃࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ ከ࠸ࡓࡵࠊ࡞ࡾៅ㔜ゝⴥࡢᢞࡆࡅࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠕࡸࡣࡾ⚾ࡀᝏ࠸ࢇࡔࠖᛮ ࠸㎸ࡳࡸࡍ࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋࡑࡢⅬὀពࡋ࡚ᢞࡆࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡸ ࡣࡾ㛫ࢆ┦ᙜࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽 㹋㸸 ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡡࠊᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆࡋࡗࡾぢࡿࡇࠊࡸࡣࡾ㹁㹑㹍ࡶࡗࡶࡗヰࢆ ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࡢ㛫ࢆࡓࡃࡉࢇྲྀࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࠕࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡗᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔ ࡉ࠸ࠖࠕࡇࢀࡣ࠺࠸࠺ࡇㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖࠋᶵ⬟ศᯒグ㍕ࡋࡓࡇ ࡽࠊࢇࢇ⭾ࡽࡲࡏ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㹁㹑㹍ࡀヰࡏࡤヰࡍࠊࠊሙᡤࠊ ⾜ືࢆỴࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢሗࡀࡼࡾከࡃᚓࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊ୍ேࡢᝈ⪅ࢆ┦ᡭࡍࡿࡢከࡃࡢࢭࣛࣆ࣮ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠊ㠀ᖖ」㞧࡞ − 60 − ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒࡛ࢡࣛࣥࢺヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡁ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑ ࡢேࢆ࣑ࢽ࣭ࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺ❧࡚ୖࡆࠊᐙᖐࡗ࡚ኵ࣭㹇㹎ᑐࡋ࡚ᡭ㡰㏻ࡾ⾜ ືࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ▱㆑ࢆᤵࡅࠊ㹁㹑㹍ࢆカ⦎ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ ᐙ࡛㣧㓇⪅ࡸ⸆≀⏝⪅ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࡕࡽ࠸࠺ࠊ⒪⪅ࡣ㹇㹎ࡲࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡍࡿ㸪Ⓨࢆ ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㹇㹎ࢆ⒪ࡢሙ㏄࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣᛮ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊ⒪⪅ ࡋ࡚㠀ᖖᛣࡗࡓ㹇㹎ࢆデࡿࡇ࡞ࡿணࡉࢀ㸪ᑐᛂࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ 㸽 㹋㸸 ᡃࠎࡣึᮇࡢ◊✲ࡽࠊ&62 ࡢࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺ ,3 ࡢࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡣศࡅࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࢇ࡞ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ⒪タ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡀ୍ேࡋ࠸࡞࠸ ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡍࡽ」ᩘࡢࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࢆࢡࣟࢫ࣭ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡋ ࡚ࡣ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ ࠶ࡿࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡣ &5$)7 &5$ ࢆᏛࡪࠋูࡢࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡣ &5$)7 &%7 ᐙ᪘ࢭ ࣛࣆ࣮ࢆᏛࡪࠋࡲࡓูࡢࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡣ &%7 ᐙ᪘ࢭࣛࣆ࣮ࢆᏛࡪࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ୍ே ࡀ࡚ࡢᝈ⪅ࢆデࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡢேࡶࡸࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡤ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢡࣟࢫ࣭ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ࡛ࡍࡀࠊୖᡭࡃࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊ࠼ࡤ ,3 ࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡽࠊࡲࡎ ,3 ࡦࡾࢆ 㸪 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥデ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽᐙ᪘ࢭࣛࣆ࣮ࢆ ጞࡵࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡣ ,3 ࡶ &62 ྠࡌࡼ࠺ヰࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾ ࡲࡏࢇࠋ 㹏㸸 ࠼ࡤጔࡢ᪉ࡀࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ኵࡢᭀຊࢆᘬࡁฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ሙ ྜࡣࡇࡕࡽࡀᑡࡋไṆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢆゝࡗ࡚ᭀຊࡘ࡞ࡆࡉࡏ࡞࠸࡞ẚ㍑ⓗ ᑐᛂࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀࠊࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡋ࡚ࠊ⸆≀ࡀḧࡋ࠸ࡽ㔠ࢆࡃࢀࠊゝࡗ ࡚ࠊ㔠ࢆࡃࢀ࡞࠸࢞ࣛࢫࢆࡿࡒࠊࠊᮏேࡀࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ᭀຊ ࢆࡩࡿ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㔠ࢆせồࡍࡿ୰࡛㏫ࡽࡗࡓሙྜ㸪ᭀຊࢆࡩࡿ࠺࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ ࣥࡶ⤖ᵓከ࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࠺࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ᑐᛂࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ 㹋㸸 ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡢከࡃࡣᮍᡂᖺࡢⱝ⪅ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇぢ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠾ẕࡉࢇࢆᢲࡋಽࡋ࡚ࡢࡋࡾ㈈ᕸࢆዣࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡗࡓᑡᖺࡶ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ሙྜࠊၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢᑐฎἲࢆ㹁㹑㹍ࡸẕぶ ࡓࡕ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࡓࡃࡉࢇ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡃࡼ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᭀຊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛㸪⮬ศࡀᝏ࠸ᛮ࠺ࠕ⮬⨩ഴྥࠖࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀ㸪 ࡑࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ &5$)7 ࡛ࡣࡾ࠶ࡆ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 − 61 − 㸿㸸 &62 ࡢ⮬⨩ഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ࡇࡼࡗ࡚㐺ษ࡞⾜ືኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ ⮬యࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪ㄆ▱ᵓᡂἲ࡞ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢࡶຠᯝ ⓗ࡞୍ࡘࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᐙᗞෆᭀຊᑐࡋ࡚ &5$)7 ࢆᑟධࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡁ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ &62 ࡍࡍࡵ࡚ ࠸ࡃࡢᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ 㸿㸸 ῝้࡞ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ᭀຊᑐᛂࡀඃඛࡉࢀࡿࡁⅬࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ&5$)7 ࡢ㐺ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ᭀຊ⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᭀຊ ⾜ືࡢ๓࡛࠶ࡿ㉥ಙྕࢆ≉ᐃࡋ㸪㉥ಙྕࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡽࡑࢀ௨ୖ่⃭ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛㸪ᭀຊࡢࡁࡗࡅࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ⴠࡕ╔࠸ࡓ ᭀຊࡘ࠸࡚┬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨゝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪⮬┬ࢆಁࡋ㸪ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࢆ ࡽ࠼࡚ཷ⒪ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿാࡁࡅࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 &5$)7 ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㉳ࡁࡓᭀຊࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦ࢣ࢞㸪③ࡳ㸪ᐙල࡞ࡢ◚ᦆ㸧ࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣ ,3 ࠺ࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡍࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ࡲࡎ㸪ࢣ࢞ࡸ &62 ࡢ㌟ࡢ༴㝤ࡀ༴ࡪࡲࢀࡿሙྜࡣ㸪&5$)7 ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺ 㑅ᢥࢆࡍࡁࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ࡶࡋ &5$)7 ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡞࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓሙྜ㸪&5$)7 ࡢ୰᩿ࡶ᳨ウࡋ㸪ᭀຊᑐᛂษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪ࢣ࢞ࢆࡉࡏࡓࡇࢆ㹇㹎ࡀᚋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᵝᏊࡀぢࡽࢀࢀࡤ㸪 ,3 ┬ࢆಁࡋ㸪ཷ⒪ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡼ࠸ࡁࡗࡅ࡞ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸬 㹏㸸 ࢱ࣒࢘ࢺࢆ࠺๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀᚲせゝࡗ ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ලయⓗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ᭷ຠ㸬 㸿㸸 ࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᨵၿࡍࡿ࡛ࠖᏛࡪෆᐜࡀά⏝ ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ&5$)7 ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ㸪Ꮫࢇࡔࡇࢆ⥲ྜࡋ࡚ᑐᛂࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ どⅬࡀᚲせ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆࡍࡿ㝿㸪㌟యⓗ᭱ࡶ༴㝤ࡔࡗࡓ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ᛮ࠸ฟࡋ ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ࡞ࡾࡘࡽ࠸ሙྜ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ᑐฎࡍࢀࡤ࠸ ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 &62 ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪༴㝤ࡔࡗࡓ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࢆヰࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡣ࡚ࡶࡘࡽ࠸ࡇ ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ヰ㢟ࢆษࡾฟࡍ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪&62 ࡢヰ⪥ࢆഴࡅ㸪ヰࡋࡸࡍ࠸㞺 ᅖẼసࡾࢆᚰࡀࡅࡿࡼ࠸⪃࠼ࡽ࠼ࡲࡍࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡍ ࡢࡣㄡࡗ࡚ࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ㸪ᭀຊࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡣከࡃࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࡼࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ 㸪ᭀຊ⾜ືࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡢព⩏࡞ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽ࠼ࡲ − 62 − ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᭀຊ⾜Ⅽࡀ㐣⃭࡞㝿ࡣ &5$)7 ࢆ㐺ᛂࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡇࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࢱ࣒࢘ࢺࢆࡋ ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ⃭ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡁࡶࡸࡵࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ᭀຊ⾜ືࡀ࠶ࡲࡾࡦ࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪&5$)7 ࡢ㐺⏝ࡣࡏࡎ㸪㛵ಀᶵ㛵ࡘ࡞ࡄࡇ ࢆඃඛࡋࡲࡍ㸬ࢱ࣒࢘ࢺࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡶࡋᭀຊࡀࡿࢃࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪 㝖ཤࡍࡿᙉᏊࢆูࡢࡶࡢࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࢱ࣒࢘ࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ᭀຊᒅࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺ጼໃࡶษ࡛ࡍࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ࠸ࡕࡤࢇษࡍࡿࡢࡣ &62 ࡢᏳ࡛ ࡍࠋ − 63 − ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᨵၿ 㹏㸸 ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡀࡔ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡼࡃࢃࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡢ༳㇟࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࢡ ࣛࣥࢺࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡋࠊ⒪⪅⮬㌟ࡶ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡀⱞᡭ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࣟ ࣮ࣝࣉࣞᑐࡍࡿᢠࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㹋㸸 ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢከࡃࡶ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆዲࡳࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᢠࢆᑡ࡞ࡃࡍࡿࡣ㸪㸰࣏ࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆࡋࡼ࠺ ࡣゝ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠕḟࡣ⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠖゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥ ࢆ࠺ᚲせࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࠕ⦎⩦ࠖゝ࠼ࡤⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࢡࣛࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࢀࠊࢭ ࣛࣆࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࢀࠊ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆࡋ࡚┘╩ࢆࡍࡿሙྜࠊ ࠕࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ 㸦⦎⩦㸧ࡋࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠖ࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡍࡿ࠺ࡀ⣲┤ࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡍࠋࠕ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡋࡓ࠸࡛ ࡍࠊࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ㸽ࠖ࠸࠺㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ࠼ࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕࡋࡗࡾ㌟ࡘ ࡅ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᑡࡋ⦎⩦ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡎ⚾ࡀ࠾ぢࡏࡋࡲࡍࡡࠖ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡸࡾጞ ࡵࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡘ࠸࡚㸪ලయⓗࠊ㸯ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸯㛫ࠊ㒊࡛㸯㸰ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࠸࠺యࡢ୰࡛࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡃࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢸ࣮ࢪࡣࡢࡃࡽ࠸࡛ࡍ㸽 㹋㸸 ሙྜࡼࡾᕪࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣࡍ࡚ࡢ⒪ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ㘓㡢ࡋ⫈࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡀẖࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡣṇࡋࡃ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ึࡢࡇࢁࡣ㸯㸮㹼㸯㸳ศࠊᚋࡢ᪉࡛ࡣ㸳ศࡃࡽ࠸ࠊࡸࡾࡓࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࡢ ࡓࡵ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ&62 ࡀᐙ㓉ࡗ࡚ᖐࡗ࡚ࡁࡓኵ ࠕࡑࢇ࡞࠶࡞ࡓࡣぢࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࢃࠖ ゝࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࠊኵࡀࡲࡓ᎘࡞ࡇࢆゝࡗࡓ &62 ࡀሗ࿌ࡋࡓࡽࠊࡑࢀࢆࡶ࠺୍ᗘ ࣮ࣟࣝࣉ࡛ࣞ⦎⩦ࡋ┤ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡃ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡣᚲせྍḞ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝධࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ௨ୖ ,3 &62 ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᝏࡋ ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺Ẽࢆࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺㸬≉ᙇࡍࡿࡢࢆ᥍࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡽ㸪 ,3 &62 ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࡢⅬࡢ㓄៖ࡣ࠶ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸬 㸿㸸 &62 ࡀᙇࢆ᥍࠼ࡿࡇ࡛⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㛵ಀࡣ㸪࡞㛵ಀࡣゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠸ࡗ࡚㸪,3 ࡢᙉ࠸Ⓨࢆཷࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂࡶᮃࡲࡋࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᨵၿ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪&62 ࡢ⾜ືࡀኚࢃࡿࡇ࡛ ,3 ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ ᛂࡍࡿࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㐍ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪&62 ࡗ࡚ࡢ ,3 ࡢዲࡲࡋ࠸ᛂࡀ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡿࡇࡽጞࡵࡿ ࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚㛵ಀࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛㸪&62 ࡀᙇ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞࡞ − 64 − 㛵ಀࡢᇶ♏ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡢሙ㠃ࡣ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 㐣ཤᐇ㝿࠶ࡗࡓ≧ἣ࡛ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢၥ㢟 &62 ࡸ 7K ࡀẼ࡙࠸ࡓሙ㠃 ࡸࠊࡇࢀࡽ⾜࠾࠺ࡍࡿ⾜ືࡢሙ㠃ࢆᐃࡋ࡚ሙ㠃タᐃࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ&62 ࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ࠸≧ἣ㸪&62 ࡀࡑࡢ≧ἣ࡛࠺ࡲࡃᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡛ᙉࢆయ㦂࡛ࡁࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇ࡛ &62 ࡢ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᙺ௦࣮ࣟࣝࣉ࡛ࣞࡣࠊၥ㢟ࡢ࠶ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡍࡿࡢ㸽ࡑࢀ ࡶ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡍࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡢ㝿 &62 ࡀ ,3 ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ࡇࢆゝ࠸⥆ࡅ ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᙺ௦࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⮬ศ⮬ ㌟࡛⤒㦂ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆኚ࠼ࡿᚲせᛶࡀࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪 &62 ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃゝⴥࢆࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡁࡣ 7K ࡀぢᮏࡋ࡚ &62 ᙺࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ &62 ࡶࠕࡇࢀ࡞ࡽᛌ࡞ゝ࠸᪉࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖẼ࡙ࡁࢆᚓࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 &62 ࡀ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ ุ᩿ࡍࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞ๓ᚋ࡛࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ุ࡛᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ㝿 ,3 ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑ ࡢ᪉ἲࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ㸪,3 ࡽ &62 ࡗ࡚ࡢዲࡲࡋ࠸ᛂࡀ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ ࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀᐇ㊶࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿุ᩿ࡋ࡚Ⰻ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㹏㸸 ࠕ⮬┬ࢆಁࡍࠖࡇࡣඹឤⓗ⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ⮬┬ࢆಁࡍࡇࡣࠕࡸࡉࡋࡉࠖࠕࡁࡧࡋࡉࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࡁࡧࡋࡉ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸ࡓ 㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪⮬┬ࢆಁࡍ᪉ἲࢆヨࡍ㝿ࡣ ,3 ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᨵၿࡉࢀ࡚ ࡽ࡞ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ ,3 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽヨࡋࡓ᪉ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ ⮬┬ࢆಁࡍୖ࡛ࡣ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣏ࣥࢺࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿⰋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋձᑟධࡍࡿ ᮇ㸸,3 ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᨵၿࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡽ㸪ղᶵ⬟ศᯒ㸸,3 ࡀྠព࡛ࡁࡿ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ࢹ ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ᥈ࡍ㸪ճఏ࠼ࡿ㡰␒㸸ึࡵ▷ᮇⓗ࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺඹឤⓗ⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡋ㸪,3 ࡀྠព࡛ࡁࡿ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆᚲせ᭱ప㝈ఏ࠼ࡿ㸪մఏ࠼ࡿෆᐜ㸸┦ᡭࢆ㈐ࡵ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪୍⥴ၥ㢟ゎỴࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺ጼໃࢆఏ࠼ࡿࠋ 㹏㸸 ࠕ⮬┬ࢆಁࡍࠖࡁࡣ㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ⴠࡕ╔࠸࡚ヰࡀฟ᮶ࡿ − 65 − ࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽࡛ࡶ㸪ࡑ࠺࡞ࡿၥ㢟ࢆࡴࡋ㏉ࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࡶᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡶ㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡁࡣ⪺ࡁධࢀ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡶࡋࡲࡍࠋࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㸿㸸 ࡢ⾜ືᑐࡍࡿⓎゝ࡞ࡢࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡁ ᐇ㊶ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀⰋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⮬┬ࢆಁࡍ࣏ࣥࢺࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ &62 ,3 ࡢ㛵ಀࡀฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ๓ᥦ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪,3 ࡣ &62 ࡢゝⴥࢆཷࡅධࢀ ࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡁ㸪⮬┬ ࢆಁࡋ㸪ࡑࡢࡣ㸪ࡩ࡚ࡃࡉࢀ࡚㸪⮬ศࡢ㒊ᒇᡠࡗ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᚋࡽ෭ 㟼࡞ࡗ࡚ &62 ࡢゝⴥࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋ㸪 ࠕ☜ࡑ࠺ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡞͐ࠖ ,3 ࡀ⣡ᚓ࡛ ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࡣᑡࡋࡎࡘῶࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋၥ㢟⾜ືࡀῶࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜ ࡣ㸪㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ ,3 ࡗ࡚ྠព࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪,3 ࡀ⣡ᚓࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࡋ㸪⮬┬ࢆಁࡍࡇ࡛ ,3 ࡢᙉ࠸Ⓨࡀணࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡣ㸪,3 ࡀ෭㟼࡞㸪 ⮬┬ࢆಁࡋ࡚ࡶヰࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ヰࢆษࡾฟࡍࡢࡀ⌮ⓗ࡛ ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᑐฎࡋ ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㸿㸸 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪&62 ࡀ᪩ࡃၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ↔ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪&62 ࡀ ,3 ᑐࡋ࡚ಙឤࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪&62 ௨እࡢ ᐙ᪘ࡀ㠀༠ຊⓗ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜ࡞ࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᨵၿࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪&62 ࡀᐇ㊶࡛ࡁࡿ㞴᫆ᗘタᐃࡋ㸪ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ࣏ࣥࢺ ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿᕤኵࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ &62 ⮬㌟ࡀᙉࢆయ㦂࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡛ &62 ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡶ㧗ࡲ ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞ࠾࠸࡚ලయⓗ࡞ྎモࢆᥦࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡣᮏ␒ྠࡌࡼ࠺ࢻࣜࣈ㸪㈨ᩱ࡞ࡋ࡛⾜࠺᪉ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ ࡋ㸪&62 ࡢᏳࡀᙉ࠸ሙྜ㸪࠸ࡃࡘࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡣ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࡢᢠࢆᙅ ࡵࡿࡢᙺ❧ࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㹏㸸 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᛂࡀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲቨ㉺ࡋ࡛ヰࡍሙྜ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ࣟ ࣮ࣝࣉࣞࢆࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺㸽 㸿㸸 ቨ㉺ࡋ࡛ࡶ ,3 ࡀ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡀࢇ࡞Ẽᣢࡕ࡛⪺ − 66 − ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿᙺ❧ࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ,3 ࡣ㸪࠺ࡿࡉ ࠸ᛮ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪ࡶࡗ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛㸪࠺ ࡿࡉ࠸ᛮ࠺ヰࡣࢇ࡞ヰ࡞ࡢࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ㸪IP ࡀ࠺ࡿࡉ࠸ᛮ࠺ヰࢆࡏࡎ 㸪ㄒࡾࡅࡿෆᐜࢆཷᐜ㸪ඹឤⓗ㸪ចࡁࡘࡅࡿࡶࡢࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪IP ࡀᏳᚰࡋ ࡚ఱࡽࡢᛂࢆ♧ࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ − 67 − ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍ 㹏㸸 ࠕࢇ࡞⾜ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢศࡽ࡞࠸ࡽᙉᏊࡀỴࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ &62 ᑐࡋ࡚ ,3 ࡢࢧࣥẼ࡙ࡃࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 㸿㸸 ᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆ⏝࠸࡚ၥ㢟⾜ືࡀ㉳ࡇࡿሙ㠃ࢆྲྀࡾ࠶ࡆࠊ,3 ࡀ♧ࡍ᭱ࡶ᫂ࡽ࡞ၥ 㢟⾜ືࡢೃࢆ &62 ࡓࡎࡡ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ,3 ࢆほᐹࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ≀㉁⏝ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟⾜ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ືࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ▱ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡶຠ ᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࠕሗ㓘ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࠖࠕຓ㛗ࡍࡿࡇࠖࡢ༊ูࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࡀ &62 ࡀձࠕຓ㛗ࠖࡍࡿࡣఱᑐࡋ࡚࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽,3 ࡀᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ ࡇࢆ &62 ࡀຓࡅࡿᤊ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢ㸽ղࢇ࡞㢼ㄝ᫂ࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠸ ࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ձ&62 ࡀࠕຓ㛗ࠖࡍࡿࡣ㸪&62 ࡢពᅗࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሗ㓘ࡀ ,3 ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ղၥ㢟⾜ືࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿᙜ↛ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ ,3 ࡀ⤒㦂ࡋ࡞࠸࡛࠸࠸ࡼ࠺ &62 ࡀᑐ ᛂࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢆࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᙜ↛ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ ,3 ࡀ⤒㦂࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࢆసࡿࡇ࡛㸪,3 ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືࡀῶࡿሙྜ㸪&62 ࡣၥ㢟⾜ື ࢆຓ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᙉ࡛⸆≀౫Ꮡࡢ౫Ꮡᗘࢆୗࡆࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㸿㸸 &5$)7 ࡛ࡣ㸪⸆≀⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡋࡽࡩ࡛ࡢ⾜ືࢆᙉࡋ㸪㣧㓇ࡸ⸆≀⏝ࡀຠ ᯝⓗ㜼Ṇࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪,3 ࡢ⎔ቃ࠾ࡅࡿ㝶కᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡧࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺ &62 ࡀ㌟ࡘࡅࡓᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪᭱⤊ⓗࡣ ,3 ࡀ⒪ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺㐃ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᙉ࡛⸆≀౫Ꮡࡢ౫Ꮡᗘ⮬యࢆୗࡆࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⸆≀౫Ꮡࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ࡛㸪౫Ꮡ⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍࡢࡀ &5$)7 ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືᙉᏊࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ ,3 ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡁ㸪,3 ࡀⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢሙྜ㸪Ẽ ࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 㸿㸸 ᇶᮏⓗ㸪ࡼ࠸ヰࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥὀពࡋ㸪࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆ㔜ࡡࡓୖ࡛㸪 ㄝ᫂⮫ࡴࡇኚࢃࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ୰࡛ࡶࡢ㞀ᐖヱᙜࡍ ࡿࡢ㸪,3 ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᑐᛂࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ ᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ẚ႘ⓗ㸪ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞⾲⌧࡞ࡣ㑊ࡅ㸪ලయⓗ⡆₩ఏ࠼ࡿ㸪ゝ ⴥ࡛ఏࢃࡾࡃ࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪どぬⓗࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢ㸦㸸ᩥ᭩㸪⤮㸧࡛ఏ࠼ࡿ㸪 − 68 − Ẽࡀᩓࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪㟼࡞㒊ᒇ࡞㸪ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼ࡿ㸪࠸ ࡗࡓⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ≉ᚩྜࢃࡏࡓ㓄៖ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ๓㸪&62 ,3 ࡢⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ≉ᚩ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡁࡕࢇ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪&62 ࡀࡑࡢ≉ᚩࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛㸪࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞ⮫ࡴࡇࡀࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㹏㸸 ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㸿㸸 ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣ㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛㞀ᐖ࡞ࡿせᅉࡢࡇ࡛ ࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪ാࡁ⾜ࡃࡇࡣᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ື࡛ࡍࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿࡣ▷ᮇⓗ࡞ ኚࡉࢆࡾ㉺࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ኚࡉࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓኚࡉࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅᑡ࡞ࡃࡋ㸪ࡑ ࡢኚࡉඹឤࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ − 69 − ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ືࢆῶࡽࡍ 㹏㸸 ,3 ࡢせồ㸦ࠕ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢ㸽ࠖᑐࡍࡿᅇ⟅㸧ࢆ &62 ࡀཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ ,3 ࡀຓࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ↓Ⲕ࡞せồࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿ ሙྜࠊせồ㏻ࡾ⾜ືࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋࡑࡢሙྜࡣ࠺ࡍࡿࡢ㸽⾜ືࡋ ࡞࠸ࡀࠊẼᣢࡕࢆཷࡅṆࡵࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ࠕ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢ㸽ࠖᑜࡡࡓሙྜࠊ,3 ࡀ↓⌮࡞せồࢆࡍࡿࡇࡣ༑ศ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋせồࢆࠕཷࡅධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊゝ࠺㏻ࡾ⾜ືࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿẼᣢࡕࢆཷࡅṆࡵࡿࡇࢆࡲࡎ༑ศ⾜࠺࠸࠺ ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ↓⌮࡞せồ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࠕ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡋۑۑᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢇࡔࡡࠊࠖ ࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ẼᣢࡕࢆཷࡅṆࡵࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ࡑࡢせồ⟅࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᐇ⌧ྍ⬟࡞ⴠ ࡋࡇࢁࢆぢฟࡍヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚㔜ࡡ࡚ ࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ၥ㢟ࡢ┤㠃ࡼࡗ࡚ &62 ,3 ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᝏࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓሙྜࡣ࠺ࡍࡿࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ၥ㢟ࡢ┤㠃ࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕࡑࡢၥ㢟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡇࡀᏳ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸽ࠖࠊ ࠕ┤㠃ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ ,3 ⮬㌟ࡸ &62 ࡽࡢ㛵ಀⰋ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍぢ ㎸ࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋᚑࡗ࡚ၥ㢟ࡢ┤㠃ࡢ㑅ᢥࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊ ,3 ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᝏࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞┤㠃ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣ┤㠃ࢆ⾜࠺㐺ษ࡞ࢱ ࣑ࣥࢢࢆぢィࡽ࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ&62 ,3 ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᝏࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠊ ᚋࡢ⏕άࡁ࡞ᨭ㞀ࢆࡁࡓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡾࠊᚋࡢ⒪ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ẕぶហ⑵ࢆゝ࠺ࡇࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࠾࠸࡚㸪ẕぶࡀ୍⏕ᠱ⪺ࡃࡓࡵ㸪 ᮏேࡶゝ࠸⥆ࡅ୍᪥ࡀហ⑵ࢆゝࡗ࡚⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜ㸪 ហ⑵ࡘ࠸࡚ᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋ㸪࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞ࠾࠸࡚ࠕ┠ࢆぢ࡚ヰࡍࠖ 㸪 ࠕ⫯ᐃ ⓗ⫈ࡃࠖࡢ ࡘࢆㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚タᐃࡋࡓࡢࡣጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸽 㸿㸸 ㄢ㢟ࡣẕぶࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣞ࣋ࣝࡼࡗ࡚ኚ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢㄢ 㢟ࢆᐇ⾜ࡋࡓ㝿㸪,3 ࡀᭀຊⓗ࡞ᛂࢆࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ហ⑵ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡋࡢ㸽ࠖࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽヰࡢ୰࡛㸪,3 ⮬㌟࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࡢࢃࡽ࡞࠸࠸ ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞⾜ࡁワࡲࡾࢆぢࡏࡓࡁࡣ㸪ຓࢆ⏦ࡋฟࡿࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ┦ㄯࢆಁࡍࡁࡣ㸪┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࢆ⏝ ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ㞀ᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ − 70 − 㹏㸸 ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡀࢿࢵࢺ౫Ꮡ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ᑐᛂࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ 㸽 㸿㸸 ౫Ꮡ≧ែࡢ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᨺ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶᨵၿࡋ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⏝ࡢ ไ㝈ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢿࢵࢺ౫Ꮡࡢሙྜ㸪ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ᥋⥆ࢆษࡿ᪉ ἲ㸪ࣉࣟࣂࢲ࣮ࢆゎ⣙ࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ぶ⮬㌟ࡀࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚࠶ࡿ ⛬ᗘຮᙉࡋ㸪㐺ษ࡞⏝ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓሙྜ㸪⏝ࢆไ㝈࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ຊࢆ㌟╔ ࡅ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ,3 ࠕ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢ㸽ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪 ࠕࡗ࠸࡚ࡃࢀࠖゝࢃࢀࡓࡽࡑ ࢀ௨ୖ㸪ヰࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓሙྜ࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ㸽 㸿㸸 ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡣࠕࡲࡔ㸪ࡑ࠺࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡡࠖఏ࠼࡚㸪 ࠕࡗ࠸ ࡚ࡃࢀࠖ࠸࠺せồᛂࡌࡿࡢࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᑐᛂ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡗ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠸ ࡿ㝈ࡾఱࡶ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡣ㸪,3 ࡗ࡚ࡶࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡞ࡿࢆ ,3 ඹ᭷ࡋ㸪 ,3 ⮬㌟ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮇ㝈ࢆỴࡵ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᮇ㝈ࢆỴࡵࡓሙྜࡣ㸪 ,3 ࡀỴࡵࡓᮇ㝈ࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿࡇࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᑐᛂ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᮇ㝈ࢆ㐣ࡂ ࡚ࡶኚࡀ㉳ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪≧ἣࡀᨵၿࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᚋࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ࢆヰࡋྜ࠺࠸࠺ὶࢀ࡛㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࠸ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪,3 ࡢせồ┿ᦸᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞㛵ࢃࡾ࡛࠶ࡿⅬ ␃ពࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ − 71 − ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿ 㹏㸸 ┠ᶆ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞┠ᶆ▷ᮇⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕᅵ᭙ ኤ㣗ㄏ࠺࡛ࠖ࠶ࢀࡤࡍࡄྲྀࡾࢀࡿ┠ᶆࡋ࡚⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ ᭱⤊ⓗ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡓࡵࡇࢀྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࠊࡼ ࡾ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࡣ &62 ヰࡋྜࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ㸽 㹋㸸 ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ⌧ᅾࡢࡇࡋヰࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋࡔࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡋศࡽ࡞࠸ࡽࠋ ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ᩿㓇࠸ࡗࡓ㛗ᮇⓗ┠ᶆࡶ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊ ษ࡞ࡢࡣࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡍࠋ↓⌮ࢆࡉࡏࡿ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ↓⌮ࢆࡉࡏࡿࠊࢡࣛ ࣥࢺࢆᛣࡽࡏ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ┠ᶆࡢ㐨ࡢࡾࢆඹṌࢇ࡛࠸ࡅࡤᚲࡎᡂ ຌࡋࡲࡍࠋࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ⒪ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀࠕ㛗ᮇⓗ┠ᶆࠖࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᡃࠎࡣ ࠕ㐌ࡈࡢ┠ᶆࠖ࠸࠺ᡭἲࢆࡗ࡚㛗ᮇⓗ┠ᶆ㐩ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࠼ࡤࡁ࡞ࢦ࣮ࣝࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋࡓᚋࠊࡍࡄ࡛ࡁࡿᑠࡉ࡞ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡘ࠸ ࡚ヰࡍ࠺ࡀ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࡋࡗࡃࡾࡃࡿࡀࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡘ࠸࡚ࡃヰࡉ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ ࠕ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࡅヰࡍ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡋࡗࡃࡾࡇ࡞࠸ࠋ 㹋㸸 ᮍ᮶ࡣ⾜ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋ㐣ࡂ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ㐣ཤࡶᡠࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᖺ⾜ࡅࡲࡍ 㸽⚾ࡣ᪥▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣఱ㸽᪥ࠊఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸽᪥ᑡࡋẼศࡀⰋࡅࢀ ࡤࠊࡑࡋ࡚᫂᪥ࡶࡲࡓᑡࡋẼศࡀⰋࡅࢀࡤࠊḟࡢ᪥ࡣࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࠊࡑࡢḟࡢ᪥ࡣࡶ࠺ ᑡࡋࠊ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ᭱⤊┠ᶆ㎺ࡾ╔ࡃࢇ࡛ࡍ㸟 ࢝ࢼࢲேࡢ࣐࣮ࢧ࠸࠺ዪᛶࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᙼዪࡣࠕ㐺㔞㣧㓇ࠖࢆࡋ ࡓ࠸ேࢆເ㞟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢᙜึࡢ┠ᶆࡣࡕࡻࡗ㣧㓇㔞ࢆῶࡽࡋ࡚ 㐺ṇ㣧㓇ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋ◊✲ᚋࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ⤊ࡽ ᖺᚋࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ ࣮ࢵࣉ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡢࢡࣛࣥࢺࡀ᩿㓇ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡃ㣧ࡲ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀ᭱⤊┠ᶆ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡶࢃࡽࡎࠋ ᅇࡋࡓேヰࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ⚾ࡣᚲࡎࡇ࠺ᑜࡡࡲࡍࠋࠕ㣧ࢇ࡛ࡤࡗࡾ࠸ࡓࡁ ࡣࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡅࠊࡣࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡗ࡚ఱ࡛ࡍ㸽ࠖࡍࡿࠊ ࠕࡲ ࡓᩍ⾜ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠖ ࠕᏊ౪㐟ࡪࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠖ ࠕ࣑࣮ࢸࣥࢢ㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᅇ⟅ࡀ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋே࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞ሗ㓘ࢆ ᚓࡿಁ㐍ࡉࢀࠊࡉࡽ♫ࡽࡶᚓࡿࡶࡢࡀከࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㣧㓇ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡓࡼࡾࡶᴦࡋ࠸Ẽศ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊඖẼ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࠕ㣧㓇ࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮࡛ࣜ &62 ࡀ┠ᶆࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡋࡓࡽ ,3 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠ᶆࡣ❧࡚ࡽ ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 㹋㸸 &62 ࡀဨ㠀㣧㓇⪅࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡛ᵓࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ ࡍࠋ − 72 − ཧຍዪᛶᩘ ྡࡢᡃࠎࡢ◊✲ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆぢࡿࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤ጞ㣧㓇ࠊ࣐ ࣜࣇࢼ⏝ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓዪᛶࡓࡕࡢဨࡀࠊ◊✲⤊ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ⾜ⅭࢆṆࡵ࡚ ࠸ࡓࡇࡀศࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡶࠊᡃࠎࡣ &62 ࡢ㣧㓇ࡸ⏝⾜Ⅽࡣࡃᑐฎࡋ࡚ ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎࠋࡇࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࠸࠺ࠊᙼዪࡓࡕࡣኵࡢࡓࡵࡢⰋ࠸ᡭ ᮏ࡞ࡾࡓࡗࡓࡽࠊ㔞ࢆῶࡽࡋࡓࡾࠊṆࡵࡓࡾࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࡛ࡶ㸪ࡶࡋࠕ㣧㓇ࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀ &62 せᛮࡗࡓࡽ๐㝖ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ⚾ࡢᡤࢆゼࢀࡿዪᛶࡢ୰ࡶࠊࡇࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆぢ࡚ࠕ⚾↛㣧ࡳࡲࡏࢇࡅࠖ ࠸࠺ேࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞ሙྜࡣࠊ ࠕࡌࡷ࠶ࠊ㣧㓇ၥ㢟ࡀ࡞ࡃᖾ⚟ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ ࢆࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛཧຍࡍࡿ &62 ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ ,3 ࡢ㣧㓇ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡀ ┠ᶆࡔᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆᢅ࠺㡯┠ࡀࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡣᛮ㆟ឤࡌࡿࠋ 㹋㸸 ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࢡࣛࣥࢺࡣ &62 ࡛ࡍࠋ୍⥴࠸ࡿࡢࡣ &62 ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ,3 ࡀࡸࡗ ࡚ࡁࡓࡽྠࡌࣇ࢛࣮࣒グධࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊࡑࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡣࣝࢥ࣮࣭ࣝ⸆ ≀⏝ࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡽ ࡢࢀࢆࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ&62 ࡀࡇࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆ࠺㝿ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢࡇࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ᭱ึࡽࠊ&62 ࡣ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡶዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆヰࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ ㏻ᖖࡣኵࡢ㣧㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡍ࡛ฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋᶵ⬟ศᯒ࠸࠺ࠊ ,3 ࡢ㣧㓇ၥ㢟ࡔࡅ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊࡇࡢᖾ⚟ᗘᑻᗘ 㸦+DSSLQHVV6FDOH㸧࡛ࡣࡃ &62 ࡢឤࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵࡔࡅ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⧞ࡾ㏉ ࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࢡࣛࣥࢺࡣ &62 ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᙼዪࠊࡼࡾⰋ࠸⏕άࢆ࠼ࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ ࡍࠋኵࡸࡑࡢᝏ࠸⾜ືࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⒪ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡁࡗࡎࡗヰࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ&62 ࡢ‽ഛࡀᩚࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡽࠊ,3 ࡢ㣧㓇ၥ㢟ࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃ᥀ ࡾୗࡆࡿᶵ⬟ศᯒ㐍ࡵࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᖾ⚟ᗘᑻᗘࡀᐙ᪘ࡢ≧ែࢆ⪺ࡃࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࠸࠺ࡢࡣศࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊࢇ ࡞ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ఱࡢࡓࡵࡇࡢᖾ⚟ᗘᑻᗘࢆࡸࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࢆ࡞ࡾୖᡭᐙ᪘ ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞࠸┠ᶆࡀసࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡓࡪࢇᐙ᪘ࡣࡢࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋ ㉁ၥ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ☜ㄆ࡞ࡢࡔࡀࠊࡸࡗ࡚࠸࡚ឤࡌࡓࡢࡣࠊࡶࡋࡍࡿࠊ㸦⮬ศ ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸧┠ᶆࢆタᐃࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠊゝࡗ࡚ᐙ᪘ࡸࡽࡏࡿࡼࡾࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᩥሙ ᡤࡢタᐃࡢ᪉ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊᮏேࡢධࢆୖᡭࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ ࠕࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ ࢡ࣮ࣝᚲࡎ㏻ࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠊࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ 㸣ࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠖゝࡗ࡚ ࠶ࡆࡓ࠺ࡀࠊࡴࡋࢁᐙ᪘ࡣពḧࢆࡶࡗ࡚㏻࠺ࡢ࡞ࠊᛮࡗࡓࠋ 㹋㸸 ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊሙྜࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ&62 ࡣࡲࡎࡣ 㹼 ᅇ᮶࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡼ࠺ヰࡋࡲࡍࠋ ≀ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ㐠ࡤࠊࡶ࠺ 㹼 ᅇ᮶࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠊ࠸ࡢࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㹼 㐌 ึࡵゝࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠕ࠼࠼㸟ࡑࢀࡣࡕࡻࡗኚࡔࠖឤࡌࡿேࡀከ࠸ࡽ࡛ − 73 − ࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ ᅇ ᅇ࡞ࡽࡲ࠶࠸࠸ࠊᛮࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡋࠊࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢ㈶ྠ ࢆᚓ࡚ࡑࢀࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡼࡾ⥅⥆ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࢣ࣮ ࢫࡀከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢࡢ┠ᶆࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡶ㞴ࡋࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࢆ᪥ᮏࡢᐙ᪘㸦ዪᛶ㸧 ᑐ㇟⏝ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㹋㸸 㸦᪥ᮏࡢ㸧ዪᛶࡓࡕࡶࠊ┠ᶆタᐃࡍࡿࡇࢆᏛࡪᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋኵࡢ㣧㓇ࡸࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ⏝㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸ࠊࡶࡗ㉁ࡢⰋ࠸┠ᶆࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡇ ࡀࠊᙼዪࡓࡕᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ᫂☜࡞᪉ྥᛶࢆ㸦&62㸸 ዪᛶࡓࡕࡀ㸧ᣢࡘࡇࡣ㠀ᖖษࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡋࠊ ࠕࡃ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡶࡸࡗ ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠖ࠸࠺ࡸࡾ᪉ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠊⰋ࠸⤖ᯝࢆฟࡍࡢࡣࡶࡗ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲ ࡍࡼࠋᚑ࠺ࡁ᫂☜࡞ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝࠊᡭ㡰ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠋ ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊ ᖺ㛫◊✲⪅ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆグ㍕ࡋࡓ࣐ࢽࣗ ࣝࡸⰋ࠸ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ⒪࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࢆẼศḟ➨࡛ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ ࡸࡾ᪉ࡼࡾຠᯝࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⚾ࡣ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡁࡕࢇࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠋᖾ ⚟ᗘᑻᗘࡸ࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢࡢ┠ᶆࠊᶵ⬟ศᯒࡼࡗ࡚ࠊఱࢆ࠸ࡘࠊ࡞ࡐࠊࡢࡼ࠺ ⾜࠺ࡢ࠸࠺᫂☜࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆసࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౫Ꮡ⒪࡛ຠᯝⓗࡔศࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽ࠸ࠊ᫂☜࡞ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ㸦ᡭ㡰㸧ᚑ࠺ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ᖾ⚟ᗘᑻᗘ㸦+DSSLQHVV6FDOH㸧ࡸࡑࡢㅖࠎࡣࠊࡑࡢ㔜せ࡞୍㒊ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡶࠊᛀࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡡࠋ᭱ึࡽゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊⓙࡉࢇࡣࡇࢀࡽࢆ⮬ ศࡓࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚ᨵኚࡋ࡚ᵓࢃ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢭࣛࣆ࣮ࡢࢫࢱࣝࢆ ኚ࠼ࡿᚲせࡶ࡞࠸ࡋࠊ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࠸⥆ࡅࠊ&5$)7 ௨እࡽఱࢆᡃࠎࡢ &5$)7 ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚ࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ&5$)7 ࡣ㠀ᖖᰂ㌾࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊ┠ᶆタᐃᖾ⚟ᗘᑻ ᗘࡔࡅࡣࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ㔜せ㒊ศࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ⌧ᐇⓗ᪥ᮏࡢᐙ᪘㸦&62ࡗ࡚ྍ⬟࡞┠ᶆࢆ▱ࡾࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡦࡘ࠶ࡆ࡚ ࡳࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡀ㸦࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ㸧ࢡࣜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠺ᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ࠕᏊ౪ࡢ㐍Ꮫࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᮶㐌ࡢ᪥᭙ࡢᮅ ศ㛫ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊゝ࠸ྜ࠸࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ࡼ࠺ࠊ,3 ヰࢆࡍࡿࠖ 㹋㸸 ᝰࡋ࠸ࠋ ࠕࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ㸦ࢺࣛࡍࡿ㸧 ࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠊ࡛ࡁ ࡿࠊ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀุ᩿ࡋࡃ࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋ⚾࡞ࡽࠊࠕᏊ౪ࡢࠊ࠼ࡤᗣࡸᏛᰯࡢ ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊኵヰࢆࡍࡿࡁࡗࡅࢆసࡿࠖゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡁࡗࡅࢆసࡿ࠸࠺ ゝⴥࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊࡶࡋኵࡀࠕ᎘ࡔࠊヰࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸᩿ࠖࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ┠ᶆࡣ㐩 ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊ&62 ࡣ⚾ࡢᡤḟᅇࡸࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊ ࠕኵࡣヰࡋࡓ ࡃ࡞࠸ゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠖᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡽࠊ㐪ࡗࡓࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⪃ ࠼ࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ − 74 − ࡛ࡶⰋ࠸⪃࠼࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊᛂ⏝ἲࡀᑡࡋⰋࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡋ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞ࡗࡓ ࡋ࡚ࡶ &62 ࡀኻᩋࡋࡓ㈐௵ឤࢆឤࡌ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ゝ࠸ᅇࡋࢆ┠ᶆタᐃ࡛ࡣ⾜࠺ࡼ ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡀษ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᖾ⚟ᗘᑻᗘ 㡯┠ࡢ࠺ࡕࡽ 㡯┠ࢆ㑅ࡪࡁࠊࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ &62 ࡣ᭱ࡶᖾ࡞ࡶ ࡢࢆ㑅ࡧࡀࡕ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪&5$)7 ࡛ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅᖾ⚟ᗘࡢ㧗࠸࠺ࡽ㑅ࡪ ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡑࡕࡽᐙ᪘ࡢ┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡢࠊලయⓗ࡞ ᪉ἲࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ 㹋㸸 ࡲࡎ➨୍ࠊ⚾ࡣᚲࡎ &62 ࡀࡸࡾࡓ࠸ゝ࠺㡯┠ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡲࡍࠋ᎘ࡔ࡞ᛮࡗ ࡚ࡶࠋ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠼ࡤࡇࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺ゝ࠺Ⰻ࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠕࡇࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ ࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ㡯┠ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ㞴ࡋࡑ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ࡤࢀࡲࡋࡓࡡࠋࡓ࠼ ࡤࠊࠊࡸ ࢆࡅࡓࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ࠾ヰࢆ⪺ࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡲࡍ㸽 ࠶ᑡࡋሗࡀ㡬ࡅࢀࡤ࠶ࡾࡀࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠖ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕ㸦 ࡸ ࢆࡅࡓ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚⪺࠸ࡓᚋ㸧 ࠊࡸࡾ᪉ࡀࡋ ࡗࡾࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡲࡎࡇࡢ㎶ࡾࡢ㡯┠ࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡳࡿ࠺ࡀ⡆༢ࡶࡋࢀࡲ ࡏࢇࡡࠋࡇࢀࡽ࡛⦎⩦ࡋࡓᚋ࡛ࠊ㞴ࡋ࠸㡯┠ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠋ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽↓⌮ᙉ ࠸ࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡀ㌟ࡁࡸࡍ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㞴 ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟ࡶᚋ⛬ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡲࡍࡼࠖ ⚾ࡀ㔜せどࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ ࠗ⤯ᑐዪᛶࡓࡕࡽຊࢆዣࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛࠘ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ ᙼዪࡓࡕࡣᖖኵࡽຊࢆዣࢃࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠕ㑅ᢥࡍࡿຊࡣ࠶࡞ࡓ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢻࣂࢫࡣࡍࡿࡅࢀࠊ㑅ࡪࡢࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡔࠖ⚾ࡣゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࠊࡓ࠼ࡤ &62 ࡀ㑅ࢇࡔࡘࢆぢ࡚ࠊ∦᪉ࡀ ࡀࡘ࠸ ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡶ࠺∦᪉ࡣ ࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡋࡓࡽࠊࠕࡌࡷ࠶᪥ࡣࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࡦ ࡘྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ࡣ⡆༢ࡑ࠺࡞࠺ࡽࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺㸽࡛ࡶỴࡵࡿࡢࡣ࠶࡞ࡓ࡛ࡍࡼࠊࡕࡽࡀࡸࡾࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ㸽ࠖゝ࠺ࡸࡾ᪉ࡶ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋࡅࢀࡤࠊࡁࡗ࠶࡞ࡓࡢゝ࠺ࡇࢆಙ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲ ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡲࡎࡣಙ㢗Ⰻ࠸㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡃࡓࡵ ࠊ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ㈝ࡸࡋࠊࡑ ࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ῝้࡞ࡇࢆࡉࡏ࡞࠸࠺ࡀⰋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࢡࣛࣥ ࢺ⮬㌟ࡀࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿヰࡀᣦ㔪࡞ࡾࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀࡸࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ ㏿ᗘࡶ࠾ࡢࡎᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣぶࡸᐙ᪘ࠊ୧ぶࡸᘵࡀ &62 ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐࡼࡃศࡽ ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࣓࣮ࢪⓗࠊேࡶࡀ㣧ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠊேࡢࡕࡽࡶ┦ㄯࡣ᮶࡞ ࠸ࡼ࠺ᛮ࠺ࡀ㸪࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 − 75 − 㹋㸸 ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡶྠࡌ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔ⚾ࡣࡑࡢཎᅉࡣࠊዪᛶࡀ㔞㣧㓇⪅ࡋ࡚ぢࡽࢀ࡚ ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡔࡅࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ⏨ᛶ♫࡛ࡍࠋ㣧㓇⪅ࡢࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࡢከࡃࡶࠊ㛗ᖺዪᛶࡢཧຍࢆチࡉ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊዪᛶࡣ⾜ࡃሙᡤࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ ࡛ࡋࡓࠋዪᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊዪᛶࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋࡋࠊከࡃࡢዪᛶࡣ㣧㓇⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢከᩘࡀࠊᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ ࡿࡢࡀ⌧ᐇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㹏㸸 ᐙ᪘ࡢẼᣢࡕవ⿱ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸ࡀ㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢࡇࢆࡸࡿࡇᐙ᪘ࡀ⨥ᝏឤࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑐᛂࡀ 㞴ࡋ࠸ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᑐᛂࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸㸽 㸿㸸 ᐙ᪘ࡢẼᣢࡕࢆᴦࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ 㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᙜ⪅ࡢ≧ែࡀᨵၿࡍࡿࡢ ࡘࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ ࡘࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᐙ ᪘ࡗ࡚ࡸࡾࡸࡍ࠸࠺ࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡢࡀⰋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ − 76 − ཷ⒪ࢆ່ࡵࡿ 㹏㸸 ࡶࡋᜥᏊࢆࣝࢥ࣮ࣝၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡪ࡞ࡿᜥᏊࡶぬᝅࡋ࡚ࡃࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ ࡀࠊࢆ࢚ࢧࡪࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࢡࣜࢽࢵࢡ᮶ࡓⓎࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ᛮ࠺ࠋࢡࣜࢽࢵࢡࡢ┳ᯈࢆぢࡓ▐㛫ఱࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ୍Ⓨ࡛ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪 ࡞ࡾᢠࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸Ᏻᛮ࠺ࠋ 㹋㸸 ᡃࠎࡢタ࡛ࡣࠊࡁ࡞ᩥᏐ࡛ࠗࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ⸆≀⏝ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࠘᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࡀࠊბࢆࡘࡃࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᡃࠎࡣᐇ㝿⫋᥈ࡋࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㐠㌿චチࡢྲྀᚓࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡶࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡀᮏᙜ㐠㌿ච チࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡓ࠸ࠊࡶࡗⰋ࠸⫋ᑵࡁࡓ࠸㢪࠺࡞ࡽࠊ⤖ᒁࡣ⒪ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡃ࡚ ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾ᭱⤊ⓗࡣᙼࡢ᪉ࡽࠊࠕࡑࡢᑵࡃࡣ࠾㓇ࢆ Ṇࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࡀࠊ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࠖᑜࡡ࡚ࡃ ࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡽࠊ⚾ࡣ㣧㓇ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢻࣂࢫࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࡍ ࡚┿ᐇ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋࣝࢥ࣮ࣝࡘ࠸࡚᮶ࡉࡏࡿࡢࠊ⫋᥈ࡋࡢࡓࡵ᮶ࡉࡏࡿࡢ ࢃࡽࡎࠊᡃࠎࡢタ࡛ࡣ⫋᥈ࡋࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶࠊࡑࡢࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫ㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࠊඛࡑࢀࢆゎỴࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝࡀၥ㢟ࡢཎᅉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡢၥ㢟ࡀࣝࢥ࣮ࣝၥ㢟ࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ − 77 − &5$)7ᐇ⪅ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡋ࡚ ✄⏿ 㝧Ꮚ ᅇࠊቃἨὒඛ⏕ࡽኌࢆࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊCRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡍࡿᶵࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣᏛ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡽᏛ㝔ࡢಟኈㄢ⛬ࢆಟࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫ࠊቃඛ⏕ࡢ◊✲ ᐊᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋCRAFT ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᤵᴗࡸ◊ಟࠊ◊✲ࡢ࠾ᡭఏ࠸ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ꮫ ࢇ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⮬ศࡀࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇࡍࡿࡢࡣึࡵ࡚ࡢ⤒㦂࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᮏே㸦௨ୗࠊIP㸧ࡢ≧ែࡸ࿘ᅖࡢ⎔ቃࡣᵝࠎ࡛ࡍࠋ࠺ࡋ ࡓ࠸Ⰽࠎヨࡋ࡚ࡶୖᡭࡃ࠸ࡎࠊఱᖺࡶࡗ࡚ᐙ᪘㸦௨ୗࠊCSO㸧ࡀ┦ㄯ᮶ࡽࢀࡿ ሙྜࡶከ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࠊ⚾ࡢࡼ࠺⮫ᗋ⤒㦂ࡀὸࡃᐙ᪘ᨭࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ ࡶᣢࡓ࡞࠸ᨭ⪅ࡣࠊ᭱ึࠕఱࢆ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡤ࠸࠸ࡢࠖࡀศࡽࡎࠊ⾜ࡁワࡲࡗ࡚ ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ IP ࢆ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡓࡵࠊCRAFT ࡛ࡣ 8 ᅇࡢෆᐜࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋఱࢆ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡀࠊᨭ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡶ┦ㄯ᮶ࡓ CSO ࡗ࡚ࡶศࡾࡸࡍࡃࠊぢ㏻ࡋࢆᣢ ࡘࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊලయⓗ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡤⰋ࠸ࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᶵ⬟ศᯒࡼࡗ ࡚ CSO ඹ IP ࡢ⾜ືࢆศᯒࡋࠊㄢ㢟ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋCSO ࡽ IP ࡢ ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠎ࡞ヰࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࡀࠊᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆࡗ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊఱ ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡢࡀศࡾࡸࡍࡃࠊᨭࡢ᪉㔪ࢆ❧࡚ࡸࡍࡗࡓࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ CRAFT ἢࡗ࡚㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡞ࡢ࡞࡞๓㐍ࡵ࡞࠸⚾ࡀឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠊCSO ࡀࠕ㸦ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸧ࡑࢇ࡞ࡎࢀࡓࡇࡣࡸࡗ࡚࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ͐ࠖࡘࡪࡸ࠸ࡓࡇ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋCRAFT ࡣࠗIP ࢆ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ࠘ࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊIP ࡢ⾜ ືࢆศᯒࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᑐᛂࡍࡿࢆ CSO Ꮫࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓྠࠊࡇࢀࡣᐙ᪘ ᨭࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡍࠋࡲࡎࡣࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆཷࡅࡿ CSO ⮬㌟ඖẼ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊIP ࡢᑐᛂ⮬ಙࢆࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇࡀษ࡛ࡍࠋCSO ࡢࡘࡪࡸࡁࡽࠊᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࠗIP ࡢ⾜ື࠘ࡸࠗCSO ࡢᑐᛂ࠘Ẽࢆྲྀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇẼࡀࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋIP ୖᡭࡃᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊኚࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤࠊCSO ࡣࠕࡸࡗ࡚Ⰻࡗࡓࠖ ࠕࡶࡗࡸࢁ࠺ࠖ ᛮ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊCSO ࡀᮇᚅࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ኚࡣࡍࡄ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊᑠࡉ࡞ ኚ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ‶㊊࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊୖᡭࡃ࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡇࡑ CSO ࡀࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᨭ⪅ࡣࠗCSO ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿ࠘࠸࠺ࡇࢆᛀࢀ ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋ CRAFT ࡣ 8 ᅇࡢෆᐜࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊIP ࡸ CSO ࡢ≧ἣྜࢃࡏ࡚ࢭࢵࢩࣙ ࣥࡢ୰࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᢅ࠺ෆᐜࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊᢅࢃ࡞࠸ෆᐜࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢣ࣮ࢫྜࢃࡏ࡚ᰂ㌾ ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊึᏛ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡣෆᐜࡢྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥࡸఱ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ ࡿࡢุ᩿ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊྛ⮬࡛ຮᙉࡋࡓࡾ◊ಟࢆཷࡅࡓࡾࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡞ࡃࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࡶ࡛ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂࢬࢆཷࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ − 81 − CRAFT ࡣෆᐜࡀ࡚ࡶศࡾࡸࡍࡃྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ ⚾ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ึᏛ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇࡶከࡃࠊኚຮᙉ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡇࠊࡇࡇࢁࡼࡾឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ − 82 − CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺᚋࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࣝ࣡ࢡࢫ㜰 ᒸᓮ ๛ ྛᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ 㸯㸬 ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᶵ㛵࡛Ꮚࡶࡀᨭᶵ㛵⧅ࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࡇᝎࡴᐙ᪘ࡀ┦ㄯゼࢀࡿࠋᨭ ဨࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿᑐᛂࡣከ✀ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱝᖺ↓ᴗ⪅ࡸࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ㛵ࢃࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ ࡿ⚾ࡢ༳㇟ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿᨭ⪅ࡣヰࢆ⫈ࡁ⥆ࡅࡿࡔࡅ㸪࠶ࡿᨭ⪅ࡣᐙ᪘ࢻࣂࢫ ࢆ㏦ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࡔࡅ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ࠺ࡶ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ከࡃࡢᨭ⪅ࡀఱࢆ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡢࢃ ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋCRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ᭱ࡢ࣓ࣜ ࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࢆᡴ◚ࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ึᏛ⪅࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᐙ ᪘ᑐᛂࢆ୍ᐃࡢ࣐ࢽࣗࣝἢࡗ࡚ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡣ㸪ඛ㍮ࡢ⤒ 㦂ࡽ✚ࡉࢀࡓࢫ࢟ࣝࡸ▱㆑ࡽᏛࡪ࠸࠺ࢫࢱࣝࡀከࡗࡓࡾ㸪᫇࡞ࡀࡽࡢ⫋ேẼ ㉁ࡢୡ⏺ࡢࡼ࠺ぢ࡚┐ࡵ࠸ࡗࡓഴྥࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࣐ࢽࣗࣝ ἢࡗ࡚ࡢᑐᛂࡣࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࣛࣥ❧࡚ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇࡽᏛࡧࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏ࡚ ࠸ࡃᚲせࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᭱ึࡢྲྀࡗࡾࡋ࡚ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ᑐᛂࢆໟᣓⓗᏛࡧ㸪ᐇࡍࡿࡇ ࡣᐙ᪘࣭ᨭ⪅᪉ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ CRAFT ࢇ࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせ 㸰㸬 CRAFT ࡣ⮬ศ࡛ᮏࢆㄞࢇ࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ CRAFT ࢆ ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡍࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࡢ⮫ᗋሙ㠃࡛ࡣỴࡲࡗࡓᡭ㡰㏻ࡾ㐍ࡵࡿࡔࡅ࡛ၥ㢟ゎỴࡀ 㐍ࡴࡇࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢせ⣲ࡋ࡚㸪CRAFT ࢆᏛࡪᨭ యไࡢᵓ⠏ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ CRAFT 㛵ࡍࡿ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ◊ಟᶵ㸪 ࢹࣔࡀ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿカ⦎ࣅࢹ࢜ࡢసᡂ㸪ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡞ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢧࣝࢸ࣮ࢩ ࣙࣥࡸࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣦࢪࣙࣥ࡞ࡀᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋCRAFT ⮬యࡣ㠀ᖖࢩࣥࣉ࡛ࣝᏛࡧࡸࡍ࠸ ࡀ㸪ࡍ࡚ࡢேࡗ࡚࠸ᡭࡀⰋ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡣ⧅ࡀࡾࡃ࠸ࠋCRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜ ࢵࢺࡣ⮬ᕫᏛ⩦࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢᨭࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡃࡓࡵࡣ࣐ࢽࣗࣝ⢭㏻ࡋࡓே≀ࡀ୍ᐃᩘᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㸪CRAFT ࢆᏛࡪᨭయ ไࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡉࡽᣑࡀࡾࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡃᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ CRAFT ࢆᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲ 㸱㸬 せ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤኵ ⚾ࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ CRAFT ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ ࡢධ᪉ἲࡢᕤኵࡣࠕⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡿ᪉ࡢ⫋ሙ࡛ࡢ㓄៖⎔ቃㄪᩚࠖࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ఝ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐙ᪘ࡀᮏேࡢ≉ᛶྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪ᮏேࡀ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺ఏ࠼࡚㸪㐺ᛂⓗ࡞⾜ື ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ࠸ᐙᗞ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࠸ࡗࡓලྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ᐙ᪘ࡀᏊࡶ᥋ࡍ − 83 − ࡿሙྜゝㄒⓗ࡞ࡸࡾྲྀࡾ⤊ጞࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࣓ࣔࡸ࣓࣮ࣝ࡞ࡢどぬⓗࢶ࣮ࣝࢆά⏝ ࡍࡿ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾ㸪᭕࡞ゝⴥ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋࡓゝⴥ࡛ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ ࣙࣥࢆྲྀࡿ᪉ࡀࡼࡗࡓࡾ㸪ᐙᗞෆ࡛ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࢆᬯ㯲▱ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ᫂☜♧ࡋࡓࡾ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋCRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡀ⫼ᬒ ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏேࡢ≉ᛶࢆᐙ᪘ࡽࡢ⫈ࡁྲྀࡾࡽᑀࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ⾜ ࠸㸪ࡑࡢ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ຠά⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⮫ᶵᛂኚධࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ 㸲㸬ྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ CRAFT ࡣྛᶵ㛵⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡿࠋࡔࡀ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ ࡛ࡣᏊࡶࡀᨭ⧅ࡀࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢᛶ㉁ୖ㸪୰᩿ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ሙྜࡸ᭶㞵࡛ࡋ ᮶ㄯฟ᮶࡞࠸ሙྜ࡞Ᏻᐃ࡞⧅ࡀࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪௬ᑵ⫋ࡋࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ ࢀ௨ᚋࡢᐙ᪘ᑐᛂࡀ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪CRAFT ࡣ♫⧅ࡀࡗࡓᚋ࡛ࡶᘬ ࡁ⥆ࡁᙺ❧ࡘሙ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪♫⧅ࡀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ⧅ࡀࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡶᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡃࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋ㸪ྛᶵ㛵ᡤᒓࡍࡿᨭဨࡗ࡚ࡶ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍⯡ⓗⱝᖺ↓ᴗ⪅ᨭࡸࡦ ࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭタࡣ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮ኈࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࢟ࣕࣜࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺࡸ⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ ኈ࡞ᨭ⫼ᬒࡀ␗࡞ࡿ⫋✀࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡢඹ㏻ゝㄒࡋ࡚ CRAFT ࡣᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡶฟ᮶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ㆟࡞࡛ࡶ CRAFT ࢆ Ꮫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠕ⾜ື⌮ㄽ࡛ࠖ⌧㇟ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫ ㆟࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ᨭᣦ㔪ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡋ㸪ఱࡀࡢࡼ࠺⌧ᅾࡢၥ㢟 ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿウ㆟ࡋࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ඹ㏻ゝㄒࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛㆟ࡀ㐍ࡳࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ CRAFT ࡣᐙ᪘ᑐᛂࡢ࣐ࢽࣗࣝࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᨭဨྠኈࢆ⧅ࡄࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࡶྍ⬟ᛶࢆ ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ − 84 − CRAFT ࡢពぢ ୍⯡♫ᅋἲேᗈᓥ┴⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴༠ ᑎࣞࢵࢡࢫ㐨 ⏣୰ ዉὠᏊ ձྛᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ ࣭᮶ᡤ⪅ලయⓗ࡞ᨭෆᐜࢆᥦ♧࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣭ࢫࢱࢵࣇࠊ⏝⪅ࡶᨭᮇ㛫ࡢぢ㏻ࡋࡀࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸ ࣭࣮࣡ࢡᙧᘧ࡛࠾࠸ࡀ≧ἣࢆඹ᭷ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ ࣭࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵᐇ㊶ࢆព㆑ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ CRAFT ᐇᶵ㛵㛫ࡢࡸࡾࡾࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ ࣭ヰࡀᇽࠎᕠࡾࡏࡎࠊᑐ㇟⪅ࡢே᱁ྰᐃ࡞ࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚ࠊ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ヰࡀࡋࡸࡍࡃࠊḟ⧅ ࡀࡾࡸࡍࡃ┠ᶆࡀࡓ࡚ࡸࡍ࠸ ࣭࣮࣡ࢡࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࠊࢫࢱࢵࣇ⏝⪅ࡀࡶࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡸ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣࡢ⌮ゎ ࡀ῝ࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸ ࣭┠ᶆࡀࡓ࡚ࡸࡍࡃࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࢸ࣮࣐ࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࢫࢱࢵࣇ⏝⪅ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ ࢩࣙࣥࡀಖࡕࡸࡍ࠸ ղྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ CRAFT ࢇ࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせ ࣭࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㸦ࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ♧㸧ࡢ✀㢮ࢆቑࡸࡍ ࣭┦ㄯ᮶ࡓᐙ᪘ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗࢣࢆࡍࡿࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸦➨㸵ᅇࡀ࡞࡞ᐇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᐙ᪘㸧 ࣭࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ᐙ᪘ࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ ࣭࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞᢠࡀ࠶ࡿᐙ᪘ࡢᨃఝయ㦂ࡢྎᮏ ࣭CRAFT ⤊ᚋࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࣭ᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡀឤⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࣭ẖᅇࡢࢭࣝࣇࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢩ࣮ࢺ㸦ᐟ㢟ࡢឤࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ㠃ࡢኚືࡶࣔ ࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸧 ࣭ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡢែࡼࡿ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡢࣄࣥࢺ㸦ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡀᚲせ࡞ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ㸽㸧 ࣭ᙉᏊࢆぢࡘࡅࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࢻࣂࢫ㸦࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣆࣥࡇ ࡞࠸ᐙ᪘⏝㸧 ࣭CRAF ࡀ࡞ࡌࡲ࡞࠸᪉ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᥦ♧ ճCRAFT ࢆᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤኵ ࣭ゝㄒⓗ࡞ᙉ௨እࡢࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࡢᐃ ࣭࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ௨እࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗ − 85 − ࣭ᐙ᪘ࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ≧ἣࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࣭ᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢ࣓࣮ࢪ ࣭ၥ㢟≧ἣࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪ ࣭ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ≉᭷ࡢᅔ㞴ࢆᥦ♧㸦ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀညࡳྜࢃ࡞࠸ࠊᅛᇳࠊぢ ㏻ࡋࡀᣢࡕࡃ࠸ࠊ⾪ືᛶࠊඹឤࡋࡃ࠸➼㸧 ࣭ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱⏝ࡢ㈨ᩱ㸦⸆≀ࡶྵࡴ㸧 ࣭ᐙ᪘ࡀၥ㢟ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢩ࣮ࢺ㸦ేⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ࡶྵࡴ㸧 մྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ ࣭ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ௨እࡢᝈᑐࡍࡿᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ࡢᅇ ࣭ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᮏேࡀᶵ㛵ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓᚋࡢ⒪ᚑࡋࡓ⾜ືࡢ⥔ᣢせᅉ ࣭CRAFT ࡢ㞟ᅋࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࣭ゼၥࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࣭ CRAFT ᮍᐇᶵ㛵ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⤂ ࣭ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢵࣉ ࣭ࡇࡇࢁࡢ㟁ヰ┦ㄯ࡛ࡢヰ㢟 CRAFT ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ⏝ࠊ⤂ ࣭ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᐙ᪘ᶵ⬟ࡢண㜵ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ◊ಟ ࣭ᐙᗞෆ௨እ࡛ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ ࣭ே㛫ྠኈࡀዲࡁ࡞ࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚ − 86 − CRAFT ࢆᐇࡋࡓࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ ᅜᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾ KHJ ぶࡢ 㔝୰ಇ 㸯㸬ྛᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ ᙜᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣ㸪ᨭ⪅ഃࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ⿕ᨭ⪅ഃࡢ࣓ࣜࢵ ࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠋ ᙜᶵ㛵ࡣ㸪ᅜᨭ㒊ࢆᣢࡘ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᐙ᪘ࡢᮏ㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪㟁ヰࡸ࣓࣮ ࣝ➼࡛㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ㛵ࡍࡿၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࡸ┦ㄯࡀ᪥ᖖⓗධࡿࠋࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ㛵ࡍࡿ ┦ㄯࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡽ㸪ከࡃࡣᐙ᪘㸪≉ぶࡽࡢ┦ㄯ࡛࠶ࡿࠋぶࡽࡢ┦ㄯ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕࡦࡁ ࡇࡶࡾࡢᏊࡶࢆ་⒪ᶵ㛵ࡸᨭᶵ㛵ࡘ࡞ࡆࡓ࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕぶᏊࡢヰࡀ࡞ࡃᑗ᮶ࡢࡇࢆ ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢศࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ࠺᥋ࡋࡓࡽⰋ࠸ศࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓෆᐜࡀከ࠸ࠋ ᚑ᮶㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞┦ㄯᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᏊࡶࢆᢪ࠼ࡿぶࡢ┦ㄯ㛵ࡋ࡚⤒㦂 ㇏ᐩ࡞ᨭ⪅࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࡽࢻࣂࢫࢆࡋࡓࡾ㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢࢆࡋࡓ ࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪ㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭࡢ⤒㦂ࡀὸ࠸ᨭ ⪅ࡀཧ⪃࡛ࡁࡿయ⣔ⓗ࡞ᨭ᪉ἲࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ᨭࢆࡋࡓࡽⰋ࠸㏞࠺ ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᅇ㸪ᙜᶵ㛵࡛ᐇ㝿ᐇࡋ㸪CRAFT ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨭ⤒㦂ࡀ ὸ࠸ᨭ⪅ࡶཧ⪃࡛ࡁࡿయ⣔ⓗ࡞ᨭࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᐇឤࡋࡓࠋCRAFT ࢆᏛ ࡪࡇ࡛㸪㐺ษ࡞ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡸලయⓗ࡞ᨭࢆ⾜࠺ࡇᙺ❧ࡕ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭࢆᐇ ࡍࡿࣁ࣮ࢻࣝࡀୗࡀࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᙜᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿᨭ⪅ഃࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪CRAFT ࡣᐙ᪘ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡸࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᏊࡶࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᨵၿࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇࡀᙜᶵ㛵࡛ CRAFT ࢆཷࡅࡿഃ㸦⿕ᨭ⪅ഃ㸧ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࠋᙜ ᶵ㛵┦ㄯࡍࡿぶࡢ୰ࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢᑐᛂࡸᑗ᮶ࡢᏳࡽ㸪⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡸぶᏊ㛵ಀࡢ ᝏࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᨵၿࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋCRAFT ࡣ᮶ㄯ⪅ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡸ ぶᏊ㛵ಀࢆᨵၿࡍࡿ࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ᙜᶵ㛵᮶ㄯࡍࡿேࡗ࡚㸪㐺ษ࡞ᨭ᪉ἲ࡛ ࠶ࡿឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㸰㸬ྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ CRAFT ࢇ࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせ CRAFT ࢆᏛࡪࡓࡵࡢ◊ಟ㸪ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂࢬ࠸ࡗࡓࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢ⎔ቃ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ ែ࠶ࡿேࢆࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ⎔ቃࡀᚲせྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡎ㸪CRAFT ࡣᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᮶ㄯ⪅ᛂࡌ࡚ලయⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒࡸලయⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ᪉ἲࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊ಟࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ㸪ຠᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡓࡵࡣ᮶ㄯ⪅ᛂࡌ࡚ᰂ㌾ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ ࡚㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿே㸦Ꮚ㸧ࡀ⾜࠺⾜ືࡢᶵ⬟ศᯒࡸ㸪ぶࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ ⦎⩦࡞ࡢ CRAFT ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ㸪࠸ࡘ㸪ࡢሙ㠃ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࡢࡼ࠺⾜࠺ࢆ㸪ࢫ − 87 − ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂࢬࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡀࡽ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬㌟ࡢయ㦂ࡽᐇឤࡋࡓࠋࡋ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ຠᯝⓗ࡞ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂࢬࢆཷࡅࡿࡣ㸪㐺ษ࡞ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂࢨ࣮ࡀᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᚋࡣࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂࢨ࣮ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ḟ㸪CRAFT ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿேࢆ་⒪ᶵ㛵ࡸᨭᶵ㛵ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡇࢆ┠ ᣦࡍࡓࡵ㸪ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿඛࡢ་⒪ᶵ㛵ࡸᨭᶵ㛵ࡢ㛵ಀసࡾࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ་⒪ ᶵ㛵ࡸᨭᶵ㛵࠸ࡗࡓᆅᇦ㈨※ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᆅᇦࡼࡗ࡚㸪࣮࢟࡞ࡿᶵ㛵ࡸࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᶵ 㛵ࡢ≉ᚩࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢᶵ㛵ࡢ≉ᚩࡣ㸪⫋ဨࡢ␗ືࡼࡗ࡚ኚࢃࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᆅᇦ㈨※ࡢ㛵ಀసࡾࡣ⥅⥆ⓗ⾜࠺Ⰻ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸱㸬CRAFT ࢆᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤኵ ᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆྵࡵ㸪ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࡋࡗࡾ⾜࠺ࡇࡀษ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠋࡑࡢୖ ࡛㸪୍ே୍ேࡢ≉ᚩᛂࡌ࡚⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢᴫᛕࡣᖜᗈࡃ㸪⮬㛢 ࡸࢫ࣮࣌ࣝ࢞㞀ᐖ➼㸪ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡶࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែ࠶ࡿ ேࡀ♧ࡍ⾜ືࡢ⫼ᬒࢆ㸪ᶵ⬟ศᯒࡼࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋᶵ⬟ศᯒࢆᐇࡍ ࡿ㝿㸪ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ≉ᚩࢆᛕ㢌࠾࠸࡚ᐇࡍࡿⰋ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᗈỗ ᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢࢃࢀࡿ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࡛ࡣ≉ぶࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ」ᩘࡢ ᪉ࡽྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤሗࢆ㞟ࡵ㸪CRAFT ࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿⰋ࠸ࡼ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠋ 㸲㸬ྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ ࡲࡎ㸪㞟ᅋ࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᐇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋCRAFT ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ᐙ᪘ᩍᐊࢆᐇࡍࡿ㸪 ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸᏛ⩦ຠᯝࡢྥୖ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪㞟ᅋ࡛⾜࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪 CRAFT ࡢᡭἲࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡛㸪ᨭ⪅ഃࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྥୖࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇࡀ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᙜᶵ㛵࡛ࡣ㸪ࣆࢧ࣏࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢ㣴ᡂ࣭ὴ㐵ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪CRAFT ࡢせ⣲ࢆྲྀ ࡾධࢀࡓ◊ಟࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛㸪ࣆࢧ࣏࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྥୖᙺ❧ࡘᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ − 88 − CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛฟࡗ࡚ 㧗▱┴ࡢ⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ᳃ᮌ⿱Ꮚ 㧗▱┴ࡢ⢭⚄ಖ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦௨ୗ㸸ᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧࡛ࡣࠊᖹᡂ 21 ᖺᗘࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᆅ ᇦᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ㛤タࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㛤タ௨᮶ࠊࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࢆッࡋࡓ┦ㄯࡣᖺࠎቑຍࡋࠊ ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺᗘࡣᘏ 754 ௳ࡢ᮶ᡤ┦ㄯࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᖹᡂ 25 ᖺᗘቃἨὒඛ⏕ࢆ࠾ᣍࡁࡋࠊࡦࡁ ࡇࡶࡾᨭ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࠊ㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᨭࡢ◊ಟࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡛ࡶࠊCRAFT ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡢ┦ㄯᨭࡶ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊᅇࡢ◊✲ᴗ࡛ࡶ CRAFT ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐙ᪘ࡶྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰ࠊCRAFT ᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⪃࠼ࡓࡇࢆ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࠋ 㸺ᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㸼 ᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣ᪂つ᮶ᡤ⪅ࡢ┦ㄯッࢆ㸯㸴㡯┠㸦ࠕே㛫㛵ಀࡢᝎࡳࠖ ࠊࠕᑵປࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࠊ ࠕ⤒῭ၥ㢟ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ♫ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠖ➼㸧ࡢ୰ࡽ☜ㄆࡋࠊ㞟ィࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖹᡂ 26 ᖺᗘࡢ᪂ つ┦ㄯ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ࠊ㸰㸵ྡ㸦4 ᭶~12 ᭶ᮎ㸧ࡢ⣙ 56%ࡢッࡀࠕᮏேࡢᑐᛂ࡛ࠖࠊ16 㡯┠ ࡢ୰୍࡛␒ከ࠸㸦ᮏேࢆྵࡵࡓ᪂つ┦ㄯ⪅యࡢ୰࡛ࡣ⣙ 28%㸧ࠋᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮᮶ᡤࡍࡿከ ࡃࡢ᪉ࡢッᑐᛂྍ⬟࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡗ࡚ࡶ┦ㄯ ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡶࡁ࠸ࠋ CRAFT ࢆᐇࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡋ࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋձ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ ᨭ࡞ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ▷ᮇ┠ᶆἢࡗࡓ┦ㄯࡀ࡛ࡁࠊẚ㍑ⓗ▷ ᮇ㛫࡛ࡢኚࡸຠᯝࢆᐙ᪘ࡶᨭ⪅ࡶ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋղᐙ᪘ᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿලయⓗ ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᐙ᪘ᚋࡢぢ㏻ࡋࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㸦ᐙ᪘ࡣぢ㏻ࡋࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ճᐙ᪘ᮏேࡢ≧ἣྜࡗࡓ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࣭㡰␒࡛࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࣓ࢻࡢᐇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊᰂ㌾࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋմ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᐙ᪘ࡀ㈨ᩱࢆᣢࡕᖐࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊḟࡢ᮶ᡤࡲ࡛⮬Ꮿ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦➼ࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢὶࢀࡢ୰ ࡛タᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᐙ᪘ࡣ⮬ศࡢ࣮࣌ࢫࠊࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛⩦ࡸྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮶ᡤᆺࡢᨭ࡛ࡣࠊ┦ㄯ᮶ࡿ᪉ࡀ┦ㄯࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚᮶ᡤࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ┦ㄯ⪅ࡶࡍࡄゎỴࡍࡿᅔࡾࡈ࡛ ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊᨭࡢ୰㌟ࡀ┦ㄯ⪅ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸⥅⥆┦ㄯࡣᡂ ❧ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋCRAFT ࡣࠊᐙ᪘ࡀᮏேࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊᕤኵࡋࡓ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࢆ▱ࡾᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ ᮏேࡢ㛵ࢃࡾኚࡸᡭࡈࡓ࠼ࢆឤࡌࠊ⥅⥆┦ㄯࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡶࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚┦ㄯࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺࠼࡛ࡢᐙ᪘ᨭ⪅ࡀඹ㏻ࡢ┠ᶆࡀᣢ࡚ ࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠋ − 89 − 㸺ᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ CRAFT ࢇ࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせ㸼 ┦ㄯ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡶᐇࡍࡿഃࡗ࡚ࡶ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡢࡁ࠸ CRAFT ࢆࡼࡾᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃ ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡢせ⣲ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ձ㏻ᖖࡢ㠃᥋㛫ࢆ 60 ศᯟ࡛ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ 60 ศ௨ෆࡢ༢ ࡛ᐇ࡛ࡁࡿ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࡔᐇࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ㸦┦ㄯ⪅ࡶ㛗㛫࡞ࡿ⑂ࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧 ղࢸ࢟ࢫࢺయࡀ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᐙ᪘ࡀぢ㛤ࡁࡍࡿࡢࠊᵓ࠼ࡿẼᣢࡕࡀᙉࡃࠊ ඛ㏦ࡾ࡞ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊㄝ᫂⏝ࠊᣢࡕᖐࡾ⏝ࠊࡾ㏉ࡾ࠼ࡿྛࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࡢࢲࢪ࢙ࢫࢺ∧ศࡅࡿ➼ࠊ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡳࡸࡩࡾ࠼ࡾࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡔࡼࡾ࠸ ࡸࡍ࠸ࠋճCRAFT ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᐙ᪘⤂ࡍࡿࡁ⏝ࡢᑠᏊࡀ࠶ࡿࠊㄝ᫂ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㞟୰ࡋࡍࡂࡓࡾࠊ㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇࢆᏛࡪ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ ᐙ᪘ࡢ⑂ࢀࡸ㈇ᢸࡶࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ㐟ࡧࡢ㒊ศࢆࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ๓ᚋᣢࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵࡶࠊྛ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⮬యࡣẚ㍑ⓗ▷㛫࡛ᐇ࡛ࡁࡿ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࡔ࠸࠸ࠋྛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢせⅬ࡞ ࠊ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࡢ࠶ࡿࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ୰࡛࡞࣏ࣥࢺࢆᐇ⪅ࡶᐙ᪘ࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡀ ࠶ࡿ࣏ࣥࢺࢆࡘࡳࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ 㸺㹁㹐㸿㹄㹒ࢆᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤኵ㸼 Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ≉ᛶࢆࡲࡎᐙ᪘ࡢ᪉ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ ࡿࠊཷࡅࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ὶࢀࢆᕤኵ࡛ࡁࡓ ࡽ࠸࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢேࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㐣ࡶ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࡀࠊ ࠕศࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺Ẽ ᣢࡕࡀᙉ࠸᪉ࡸࠕศࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡓࠖ࠸࠺ឤぬࡀᣢࡕࡃ࠸ឤࡌࡿⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ᪉ࡶ ᑡ࡞ࡽࡎฟ࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ┦ㄯ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ࡶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠊࡑࡢẼ ᣢࡕࢆࡃࡳྲྀࡾࡃ࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵᶵ⬟ศᯒࡢࢩ࣮ࢺ࡞ࡣࠊ୍㒊ᨭ⪅ࡢ✚ᴟ ⓗ࡞༠ຊࡢ୰㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᚲせᛮ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ㒊ศ࡛ ࡶᮏேࡢẼᣢࡕࡢ⌮ゎ࣭ཷᐜ࣭ඹឤࢆࡼࡾ㔜Ⅼⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ឤࡌ ࡿࠋ 㸺ᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡢ CRAFT ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ㸼 ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶ㠃᥋ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᘬ⏝ࠊά⏝ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿせ⣲ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋCRAFT ࡋ࡚ᐇ ࢆࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ┦ㄯࡢࣥࢸ࣮ࢡࡸึᮇࡢⅬ࡛ࠕࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡽࡢᅇ㐣⛬ࡢ ᅗࠖࠊࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊㄝ᫂ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭࢆࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢඹ㏻ࡢどⅬࢆ☜ㄆ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᮏேࡢࡸࡾࡾࢆࠕ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࠖࢆ ぢ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡾ㏉ࡾࠊᗘࡣࡢࡼ࠺ఏ࠼ࡿࡢ⦎⩦ࢆࡍࡿ࡞ࡣࠊࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭࡣ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ౫Ꮡࡸࡢᐙ᪘┦ㄯࡢሙ㠃࡛ࡶᐇࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡢ㒔ྜࡸ㐲᪉ࡢࡓࡵ⥅⥆ⓗࡣ᮶ᡤᅔ㞴࡞᪉ࡶࠊࠕᭀຊࡢᑐᛂࠖࠊࠕᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ື − 90 − ࢆቑࡸࡍࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᙜ㠃ࡢᅔࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣏ࣥࢺࢆఏ࠼࡚ࠊᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ ࠺࠸࠺࠸࠺㛵ࢃࡾࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ⥅⥆ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㒊ศⓗ࡞ά⏝ࡶ༑ศ࡛ࡁࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡔឤࡌࡿࠋ − 91 − ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ≉ᛶࡀ⫼ᬒ࠶ࡿ㐺ᛂ⾜ືࡢ Community Reinforcement and Family Training(CRAFT)ࡢ㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ ᮐᖠᕷ⮬㛢࣭Ⓨ㐩㞀ᐖᨭࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ᒣᮏ ᙬ ྛᶵ㛵࡛ &5$)7 ࢆᐇࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ ᡃࠎࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡣࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡢࡀዎ⣙࡛ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┦ㄯᶵ㛵࡛┦ㄯࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ୍ࡘࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᰿ᣐጞࡲࡾࠊࡑࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡛࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࡀ᮶ㄯ⪅ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊ᮶ㄯ⪅ࡀࡑࢀ㈶ྠࡋࡓሙྜࠊዎ⣙ᡂ❧ࠊ┦ㄯ㛤ጞ࡞ࡿࠋ ࿘ᅖࡢேࡀࠕ࠶ࡢேࡣ┦ㄯࡋࡓ࠺ࡀ࠸࠸ࡢࠖࠕ࠶ࡢே㐺ࡍࡿᨭ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠖ ࢇ࡞ឤࡌ࡚ࡶࠊᙜࡢᮏேࡀࠊ⒪ዎ⣙㸦ࡲࡓࡣᨭዎ⣙㸧ࢆ⤖ࡤ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᇶᮏⓗ ᨭ⪅ࡣఱࡶጞࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᮏேࡀᮃࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡽࠊࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡛࠸࠸ࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᙜ↛ࡑࡢ࠾ࡾࡔࡀࠊᮏேࡀ㐣ཤࡢയࡘࡁయ㦂ࡽᚰࢆ 㛢ࡊࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡸࠊᮏேࡀ┦ㄯࡍࡿࡇࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊᐙ᪘㠀 ᖖࡁ࡞㈇ᢸࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊࡑࡋ࡚ἲᚊゐࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡞ࠊࡘࡲࡾ ⌮ⓗࡳ࡚ᮏேࡢධࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚ࡶၥ㢟࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙྜࠊᮏேࡢືᶵࡅࡢ⛬ ᗘ㛵ࢃࡽࡎධࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏே⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ㸦Autism spectrum disorder㸸௨ୗࠊASD㸧ࡢ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡘ㐺ษ࡞ᩍ⫱ࡸ⤒㦂ࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࠊୖ㏙ࡢ≧ἣࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ㉳ࡇࡾ࠼ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ษ࡞ࡢࡣࠕ㐺ษ࡞ᩍ⫱ࡸ⤒㦂ࠖࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᅇ㑊࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࡀከ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ᅇ㑊࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࠊ࿘ᅖࡽ≉ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡎ⤖ᯝ ⓗ῝ࡃയࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡸࠊ┠ᶆྥࡗ࡚ఱࢆィ⏬ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡸࡑࢀྥࡗ࡚ ⮬ࡽືᶵࡅࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡀࡶࡶⱞᡭ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸦బࠎᮌ㸪1993㸧ࠊᮏேࡗ࡚ᚲせ ࡞ሗࢆ㐣㊊࡞ࡃᚓࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ㔜࡞ࡿࠊሙྜࡼ ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ♫ⓗࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡸ♫ⓗ⾜ື࡞ࡢ㐺ᛂ⾜ືࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋCommunity Reinforcement and Family Training㸦௨ୗࠊCRAFT㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ ࠕ㐺ษ࡞ᩍ⫱ࡸ⤒ 㦂ࠖࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㐺ᛂ⾜ືࢆ࿊ࡍࡿ⮳ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓேࠊ㐣㊊ࡢ࡞࠸ሗࢆᒆ ࡅࠊയࡘ࠸ࡓᚰࢆࢣࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ㔜୕㔜ᨭࢆཷࡅࡿᶵࢆ 㐓ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓேࠊࡸࡗᨭࡢᶵࢆᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋ ྛᶵ㛵࡛ᐇࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ &5$)7 ࢇ࡞せ⣲ࡀᚲせ ᭱ึࠕᡃࠎࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡣࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡢࡇࡀዎ⣙࡛ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㏙ࡓࡇ㇟ᚩ ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊCRAFT ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡓࡵࡣࠊࡲࡎࡣᮏேࡢ㔜せ࡞㛵ಀ⪅㸦Concerned Significant Others㸹௨ୗࠊCSO㸧ᨭ⪅ࡀዎ⣙ࢆ⤖ࡪᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢዎ⣙ࡢⅬ࡛ ྛᶵ㛵ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᅔ㞴ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞ᅔ㞴ࡋ࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢⅬࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୍Ⅼ┠ᐙ᪘ᨭࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺᰿ᣐࢆࡶࡗࡓᶵ㛵ࡀᑡ࡞࠸㸫≉බⓗᶵ㛵࡛࠾ࡇ − 92 − ࡞࠺ሙྜࡣἲⓗࡅࡀᚲせࡔࡀἲⓗࡅࠊゝࢃࡤዎ⣙ࠊࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᶵ㛵ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ 㸫ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ⫼ᬒࡽ CRAFT ࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡚ࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊண⟬ ࡀ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊேࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᶵ㛵ࡀከ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋⅬ┠ࡋ୍࡚Ⅼ┠ 㛵ಀࡍࡿࡀࠊ㛵ಀᶵ㛵㛫ࡢᙺศᢸࡢ᰿ᣐࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከ࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ♫ⓗࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ┦ㄯ࡛ CRAFT ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࠊᚋ῝้࡞ᐙᗞෆ ᭀຊࡸ⢭⚄㐠ື⯆ዧ࡞ࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡇࡀࡢࡼ࠺༠ຊࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋ࠺ᐙ᪘ࡀᨭ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᆅᇦࡢ୰࡛ᩚ⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊ ࠕୗᡭ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚㸦࠾࠾ࡈ㸧࡞ࡗࡓࡁ㈐௵ࢆྲྀࡾࡁࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ CRAFT ࡢ㊊ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ᶵ㛵ࡶከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊCRAFT ࡢࣉࣟࢢࣛࢆᐇ࡛ࡁࡿேࢆቑࡸࡍࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸦 ࡇ ࢀ ࡶ ᙜ ↛ ษ ࡔ ࡀ 㸧ࠊ CRAFT ࡢ ๓ 㐍 ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ᅵ ྎ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ Community Reinforcement Approach (௨ୗࠊCRA)ࡢࢫࣆࣜࢵࢶࢆཷࡅ⥅ࡄேࢆቑࡸࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃ ࠼ࡿࠋCRA ࡣࠊᮏேࡸᐙ᪘ᚲせ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸♫㈨※ࡣసࡾฟࡋࠊබⓗ◊✲㈝ࢆ ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆࡘࡃࡾࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡢ᰿ᣐ࡞ࡿ࢚ࣅࢹࣥࢫࡶ✚ࡳ ୖࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㠀ᖖࢯ࣮ࢩ࣮ࣕࣝ࣡ࢡⓗ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢືࡁࡢ୰࡛࡛ࡁࡓ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍ࡘࡀ CRAFT ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡶࠊᚲせ࠶ࢀࡤ Community యࢆືࡋࠊ Community ࡽᮏேࡢ㝶కᛶࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࡇࡇࡑࡀ┠ⓗ࡞ࡢࡔ࠸࠺ࠊࢯ࣮ࢩ࣮ࣕࣝ࣡ ࢡຊࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ &5$)7 ࢆ $6' ࡢ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᐇࡍࡿ㝿ᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤ ኵ ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ႴⒷ⾜ື࡛ࡣࠊᮏேࡣ㐺ᛂ⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚▷ᮇⓗ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㛗ᮇⓗࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ ࡢ୧᪉ࢆ₯ᅾⓗㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀከࡃࠊධ࡛ࡣࡑࡢⴱ⸨㓄៖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ Community ࡽࡢᙉࢱ࣒࢘ࢺࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡀࠊASD ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࠊ≉ᛶࡽࡇࡢ୧౯ⓗㄆ▱ ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࠾ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶᚲせ࡞ሗࡀᮏேᒆ࠸࡚࠸࡞ ࠸ࡔࡅࡔࡗࡓࠊ࠺࠸ ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ ASD ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧 ሙྜࡣࠊ୧౯ⓗㄆ▱ ࢆᚲࡎࡋࡶ๓ᥦࡏࡎࠊ ⾜ືศᯒᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ Community ࡽ㐺ษ ࡞ᙉࢱ࣒࢘ࢺ ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ィ⏬ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ᅗ㸯 ASD ࢆࡶࡘሙྜ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡁ࣏ࣥࢺ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪2013ࢆ − 93 − ලయⓗ࠺ࡍࡿゝ࠺ࠊᙜ↛ CSO ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡸ≧ἣࠊ⾜ືศᯒࡼࡗ࡚᪉ἲࡣ␗࡞ ࡿࡀࠊቃ࣭㔝୰㸦2013㸧ࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠊከࡃࡢሙྜ᭱ึᑟධࡍࡿࡢࡣࠕ࣏ࢪ ࢸࣈ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⋓ᚓࠖ ࠕ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࢆୖᡭ່ࡵࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁࠊ ᮏேࡢ ASD ≉ᛶࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࡼࡃࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀᚲせྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉ࣉ ࣟࣥࣉࢺ౫Ꮡࡣὀពࢆᡶ࠸ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ」ᩘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ୰ࡽᮏேࡀ┦ㄯ⾜ࡃࡇࢆ 㑅ᢥࡋࡓ࠸࠺ᵝࡍࡿࡇࡀࠊከࡃࡢሙྜษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟᑟධࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕୖᡭ ࡵ࡚ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆቑࡸࡍࠖࠕඛᅇࡾࢆࡸࡵࠊࡋࡗࡾྥࡁྜࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⾜ື ࢆῶࡽࡍ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁ ASD ≉ᛶࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡢ⾜ືࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ ࢆ㐺ษᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ≉ࠊ࣐ࢼࢫࡢ⤖ᯝࡢཎᅉࢆ⪅ࡽࡢᨾពࡼࡿ ࡶࡢࡔㄗㄞࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡾᙉࡃᜟࡳᛮࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸦ࢺ࢘ࢵ ࢻ㸪2008㸧ࠊCSO ࡣࠊࠕ㏥⫋ࡍࡿࡽࠖࠕࡶ࠺㈓㔠ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠖ࡞ྍᢠຊࡋ࡚ ࡢ≧ἣኚࢆண࿌ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋண࿌ἢࡗ࡚㝶కᛶ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓ ASD ≉ᛶࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ〔ࡵࡿࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶᙉᏊ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࢆࡩࡲ࠼㸦ࢺ࢘ࢵࢻ㸪 2008㸧ࠊᮏேࡗ࡚☜ᐇᙉᏊ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆ᥈ࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡚ࡢ㠃᥋ࡢᅵྎ࡞ ࡿࡢࡀࠕၥ㢟⾜ືࡢ⌮ゎࠖࠕᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡢண㜵ࠖࠕᐙ᪘⮬㌟ࡢ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛึᅇゐࢀࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ఱᗘࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᑦ⃭ ࡋ࠸ᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡸ⢭⚄㐠ື⯆ዧࢆక࠺ሙྜࡣࠊ⢭⚄ᝈࡢྜేࡸᐙ᪘ࡀ᮲௳่⃭࡞ࡗ࡚ ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ㆙ᐹࡸ⾜ᨻࠊ⢭⚄⛉㝔㐃ᦠࢆࡾࠊ㝶కᛶ࣐ࢿࢪ ࣓ࣥࢺ௨እࡢධࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ 30 ேࡢ ASD ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢃࢀࡿ㸧♫ⓗࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᚋ᪉どⓗㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸦ᒣᮏ࣭ᐊᶫ㸪 201㸧ࠊ᭱ึࡢ┦ㄯᶵ㛵ࢆୖᡭ່ࡵࡿẁ㝵࡛ᨭዎ⣙⮳ࡗࡓேࡀ 9 ே㸦ᅗ୰ࠕㄏᑟࡢࡳࠖ 㸸 30㸣㸧ࠊ㝶కᛶ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛ᨭዎ⣙⮳ࡗࡓேࡀ ே㸦ᅗ୰ࠕ㝶కᛶ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ㸸 13㸣㸧ࠊධ㝔ࡀᚲせุ᩿ࡉࢀධ㝔ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ᨭዎ⣙⮳ࡗࡓேࡀ 8 ே㸦ᅗ୰ࠕධ㝔ࢆ⤒⏤ࠖ 㸸 27㸣㸧ࠊኚ࡞ࡋࡀ 9 ே㸦30㸣㸧ࡔࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 2㸧ࠋ᭱ึࡢẁ㝵ࡢࡳ࡛ 9 ேᨭዎ⣙ࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ╔┠ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ᅗ 2 phaseϨ࡛ࡢ࡞ධෆᐜ㸦ᒣᮏ࣭ᐊᶫ㸪2014 ࡽᢤ⢋㸧 − 94 − ྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ &5$)7 ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ ⚾ࡣࠊᮏேࡢᨭࡢືᶵࡅࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡃࠊࡋࡋࡑࡢࡇࢆ࡞ࢇࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺ ேࡀ㏆ࡃ࠸࡚ࠊ⌮ⓗၥ㢟࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊCRAFTࡣ࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡶᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ⚾⮬ಙࠊᑵປ┦ㄯ࡛ᐙ᪘ࡢࡳࡀ᮶ㄯࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡸࠊ⢭⚄⛉㝔ࡸ▹ṇタ ࡽᮏேࢆᆅᇦᨭࡘ࡞ࡆࡿሙྜ㸦ࡇࡢሙྜCSOࡣᲷࡸධᡤࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀ࡞ࡿ㸧ࠊ CRAFTࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࠊCRAFTࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ⮬యࡀ┠ⓗ࡛ࡣ Ỵࡋ࡚࡞ࡃࠊᮏேࡸCSOࡢ⾜ືኚᐜࡢࡓࡵᚲせ࡞Communityࡢ᧯సᯝᩒᣮࢇ࡛࠸ ࡃࡇࡇࡑࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡢ୍ࡘCRAFTࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᩥ⊩ ࢺ࢘ࢵࢻ㸪T 2008 ㎷ṇḟ࣭ᮾᾏ᫂Ꮚ㸦ヂ㸧 ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ ࢺ࢘ࢵࢻ༤ኈࡢ㸺ឤ ࢆぢࡘࡅ࠸ࡇ࠺㸼㸯㸬ᛣࡾࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ ᫂▼᭩ᗑ㸦Attwood, T. 2004 Exploring Feelings: Anger: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy To Manage Anger. California, Future Horizon.㸧 ቃἨὒ࣭㔝୰ಇ 2013 CRAFTࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ ⱝ⪅ࡀࡸࡿẼ࡞ ࡿࡓࡵᐙ᪘ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ 㔠๛ฟ∧ బࠎᮌṇ⨾ 1993 ㅮᗙ⮬㛢⒪⫱ࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡ Ꮫ⩦◊✲♫ ᒣᮏᙬ 2013 ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ㞀ᐖ≉ᛶࢆ⫼ᬒࡶࡘᐙᗞෆᭀຊࡸ㐪ἲ⾜Ⅽ࡞ࡢ⾜ື ࡢၥ㢟ᑐࡍࡿࠊ༴ᶵධࢆྵࡴໟᣓⓗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸬ᾏ㐨ᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊ ✲㝔⣖せ㸪119, 197-218㸬 ᒣᮏᙬ࣭ᐊᶫග 2014 ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ㞀ᐖ≉ᛶࡀ⫼ᬒ࠶ࡿ㸦ࡲࡓࡣࢃࢀࡿ㸧 ♫ⓗࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢ CRAFT ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓධࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㹼ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⤂ᐇᚋ 30 ࡢᚋ᪉どⓗㄪᰝ㹼 ඣ❺㟷ᖺ⢭⚄་Ꮫࡑࡢ㏆᥋㡿ᇦ, 55 (3), 280-294. − 95 − 0H\HUVẶࡼࡿ&5$)7࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ㈨ᩱ CRAFT Community Reinforcement And Family Training 䝛䜲䝄䞁䞉䜰䝈䝸䞁༤ኈ 䜢ം䜣䛷 సᡂ䞉㛤Ⓨ䠖 䝻䝞䞊䝖 J. 䝯䜲䝲䞊䝈༤ኈ Power Point 䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮㛤Ⓨ䠖 䝻䝞䞊䝖 J. 䝯䜲䝲䞊䝈༤ኈ 䝆䜵䞊䞁 䜶䝺䞁 䝇䝭䝇༤ኈ ᖺ᭶᪥ ᖺ᭶᪥ Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico & Center on Alcoholism Substance Abuse and other Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, & Robert J. Meyers, Ph.D. & Associates CRAFT Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ␎ㄒ䛻䛴䛔䛶 CSO䜙䛸༠ຊ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾ㄽ⌮ⓗ᰿ᣐ 䜽䝷䝣䝖䠖Community Reinforcement • 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䞉⸆≀⏝⪅䛾ከ䛟䛿䚸⒪䜢ཷ䛡 䜛䜘䛖䛻䛸䛔䛖ᐙ᪘䛛䜙䛾䝥䝺䝑䝅䝱䞊䛜⒪ 䛾㛤ጞ䛻䛴䛺䛜䛳䛯䚸䛸ሗ࿌䛩䜛 • 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䞉⸆≀⏝⪅䛸῝䛔䛛䛛䜟䜚䛾䛒䜛 CSO䛿䛭䛾⾜ື䛻ᙳ㡪䜢䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛 • CRA䛷䛿CSO䜢ᴟ䜑䛶㔜せ䛺༠ຊ⪅䛸⪃䛘䜛 • CSO䜒䜎䛯ຓ䛡䜢ᚲせ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄ᭀຊ䛾⿕ᐖ ⪅䚸ゝⴥ䛻䜘䜛ㄦㅫ୰യ䚸㔠㖹ၥ㢟䚸ኵ፬㛫 ⴱ⸨䚸➼➼䠅 And Family Training CRA 䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱ᙉ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏 CSO 㔜せ䛺㛵ಀ⪅ (Concerned Significant (Community Reinforcement Approach) Other) IP ≉ᐃ䛥䜜䛯ᝈ⪅ (Identified Patient) (䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䞉⸆≀⏝⪅) 䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖 ⒪㛤ጞ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CRAFT䛸䛿? CRAFT䛸䛿? 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䜔䝗䝷䝑䜾ₕ䛡䛾䝷䜲䝣䝇䝍䜲䝹䜘䜚 䛭䜜䜙䜢⏝䛧䛺䛔⏕ά䛾᪉䛜ᐇ䜚䛜ከ䛔䛸 ᛮ䛘䜛䜘䛖ᝈ⪅䛾⎔ቃ䜢ኚ䛘䜛䛯䜑䛾 CRAFT䠄Community Reinforcement And Family Training) 䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 CRAFT䝰䝕䝹䛷䛿䚸⒪䛾↔Ⅼ䛸䛺䜛䛾䛿⸆≀ ⏝⪅䛷䛿䛺䛟㔜せ䛺㛵ಀ⪅(CSO)㐩䛷䛩䚹 䜲䝛䞊䝤䝸䞁䜾⾜Ⅽ䜢ῶ䜙䛧䚸䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵 䞁᪉ἲ䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸⸆≀䜢⏝䛧䛶䛔 䜛ே≀䛸䛾㛵ಀᛶ䜢ኚ䛘䜛䛯䜑䛾䝖䝺䞊䝙䞁 䜾䜢⾜䛔䜎䛩 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 99 − ▱䛳䛶䛚䛟䜉䛝䠑䛴䛾䛣䛸 ▱䛳䛶䛚䛟䜉䛝䠑䛴䛾䛣䛸 1. 䛒䛺䛯䛾ឡ䛻䛿ຊ䛜䛒䜛䚹 ⸆≀䜢⏝䛧䛶 䛔䜛ே䛻⒪䜢㛤ጞ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛾䝔䜽䝙䝑䜽䛿 ᐙ᪘䛷䜒⩦ᚓ䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䛖◊✲⤖ᯝ䛜ฟ䛶䛔䜎 䛩䚹CRAFT䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛷䛿䛭䛾᪉ἲ䜢䛚ᩍ䛘䛧 䜎䛩䚹 2. 䛒䛺䛯䛿䜂䛸䜚䛨䜓䛺䛔䚹ษ䛺ே䛾⸆≀⏝䛻 ❧䛱ྥ䛛䛖୰䛷Ꮩ⊂䜢ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛䛛䜒䛧䜜䜎䛫䜣䛜䚸 ᐇ䛿䛒䛺䛯䛿୍ே䜌䛳䛱䛷䛿䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䚹䛣䛾▐㛫 䜒䚸ఱ䛸䛔䛖ᐙ᪘䛜䚸䛒䛺䛯䛸ྠ䛨ၥ㢟䛻ⱞ䛧䜣䛷䛔 䜎䛩䚹䛾ே䚻䜒ⱞ䛧䜣䛷䛔䜛䛛䜙䛸䛔䛳䛶䛒䛺䛯䛾 ③䜏䛜䜙䛠䜟䛡䛷䛿䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䛜䚸ከ䛟䛾ᐙ᪘䛜ၥ 㢟䜢䛂ゎỴ䛧䛃䚸䜒䛳䛸ᐇ䜚䛒䜛⏕ά䜢ᡭ䛻ධ䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖 ᐇ䛻ᕼᮃ䜢ぢฟ䛩䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䜛䛷䛧䜗䛖䚹䛒䛺䛯䛻䜒 䛭䜜䛜ฟ᮶䜛䛾䛷䛩䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ▱䛳䛶䛚䛟䜉䛝5䛴䛾䛣䛸 ▱䛳䛶䛚䛟䜉䛝5䛴䛾䛣䛸 3. 㓑䜘䜚⻏⻤䜢䛖᪉䛜䛯䛟䛥䜣䛾⼚䛜䛴䛛䜎䜛䠄ே 䛾ㄝᚓ䛿ᰂ䜙䛛䛟䚸䜎䛯㛫᥋ⓗ䛻䠅䚹 ⽪䜢ᘬ䛝ᐤ䛫䜛 䛻䛿䛩䛳䜁䛔㓑䜢䛖䜘䜚⏑䛔⻏⻤䜢䛳䛯᪉䛜䜘䛔 䛾䛸ྠ䛨䛷䚸ษ䛺ே䛻⪥䜢ഴ䛡䛥䛫䜛䛻䛿ᢈุ䜘䜚 ⏑䛔ゝⴥ䛾᪉䛜ຠᯝⓗ䛷䛩䚹䛣䜜䛿༢䛺䜛㈼ே䛾ゝ ⴥ䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸◊✲䛷ド᫂䛥䜜䛯ᐇ䛷䛩䟿䛷䛩䛛䜙䚸 ᑠゝ䜔⬣䛧䛾௦䜟䜚䛻⻏⻤䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸┦ᡭ䛾䛹䛖䛔䛖 䛣䛸䜝䛜ዲ䛝䛛䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺๓ྥ䛝䛺ኚ䛜䛒䛺䛯䜢 ႐䜀䛫䜛䛾䛛䜢ఏ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸᩿㓇䚸᩿⸆䛻ྥ 䛛䛖ᡭຓ䛡䜢䛧䜎䛧䜗䛖䚹 4. ᣮᡓ䛿ఱᗘ䛷䜒䛷䛝䜛䚹 ே㛫㛵ಀ䛿ᖖ䛻 䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾㏵୰䛻䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹㛗䛔㛫䛾୰䛻Ꮡ ᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛩䚹䜂䛸䛴䛾ฟ᮶䜔୍ᗘ䛾ヰ 䛧ྜ䛔䛛䜙䛭䛾㛵ಀ䜢ᐃ⩏䛡䜛䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䜎 䛫䜣䚹䛷䛩䛛䜙䚸䛭䛾ே㛫㛵ಀ䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛯䜑 䛾ᣮᡓ䛿䚸ఱᗘ䛷䜒䛒䛺䛯䛜ᮃ䜐㝈䜚⧞䜚㏉䛫 䜀䜘䛔䛾䛷䛩䚹ษ䛺ே䛸䛾䜘䜚Ⰻ䛔㛵ಀ䜢ᵓ ⠏䛧䛶䛔䛟୰䛷䚸䛖䜎䛟䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜䛒䜜䜀䜒䛱䜝䜣 ႐䜃䚸䛧䛛䛧䛖䜎䛟䛔䛺䛟䛶䜒㐣ᗘ䛻ⴠ⫹䛧䛺䛔 䜘䛖䛻䛧䜎䛧䜗䛖䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ጞ䜑䜛๓䛻 ▱䛳䛶䛚䛟䜉䛝5䛴䛾䛣䛸 1. 5. ษ䛺ே䛜᩿㓇䚸᩿⸆䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸䛧䛶䜒䚸䛒䛺䛯䛾ே ⏕䜢䜘䜚ᖾ⚟䛺䜒䛾䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䜛䚹䜒䛧䛣䛣䛜⎍䛺ୡ⏺ 䛺䜙䚸ษ䛺ே䛾᩿㓇䚸᩿⸆䛿ᚲ䛪ᡂຌ䛩䜛䛷䛧䜗䛖䚹䛧䛛䛧⌧ ᐇ䛻䛿䚸ᡂຌ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒䛒䜜䜀䚸ኻᩋ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹ษ 䛺ே䛾䝷䜲䝣䝇䝍䜲䝹䛜ᨵၿ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛭䛖䛷䛺䛛䜝䛖䛸䚸䛒䛺䛯⮬ ㌟䛾⏕ά䜢ྥୖ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛿ྍ⬟䛷䛩䚹CRAFT䛾ษ䛺せ⣲ 䛾䜂䛸䛴䛿䚸ษ䛺ே䛾⾜ື䛻䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪⮬ศ⮬㌟䜢䜿䜰䛩 䜛䛣䛸䜢Ꮫ䜆䛣䛸䛷䛩䚹䛄CRAFT ౫Ꮡᐙ᪘䛾䛯䜑䛾ᑐᛂ䝝䞁 䝗䝤䝑䜽䠄*HW<RXU/RYHG2QH6REHU$OWHUQDWLYHVWR 1DJJLQJ3OHDGLQJDQG7KUHDWPHQLQJ0H\HUV:ROIH ))䛅 䛷䛿䛝䛳䛸‶㊊䛷䛝䜛䛭䛾᪉ἲ䜢䛚ᩍ䛘䛧䜎䛩䚹 2. Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 䛒䛺䛯䛻䛿㑅ᢥ⫥䛜䛒䜛䚹ၥ㢟䛾≉ᛶ䛻㛵䜟䜙䛪䚸⾜䛝䛴䛟ඛ䛿୕䛴 䛾䛖䛱䛾䛹䜜䛛䛧䛛䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䚹ᝏ䚸䚸ᨵၿ䛾䛔䛪䜜䛛䛷䛩䚹 ᑠ䛥䛺୍Ṍ䛾✚䜏㔜䛽䛜㛗䛔㐨䛾䜚䛻䛴䛺䛜䜚䜎䛩䚹 3. ឤ䛿Ỉ䛾䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䚹ⱔ❧䛱䚸യ䛴䛝䚸ᛣ䜚䚸⑂䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸䛝䚸䛣䜜䜙 䛾ឤ䛿䛭䛾䛾≧ἣ䛻ᛂ䛧䛶䛧䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䛰䛡䛰䛸ᛮ䛔ฟ䛧䛶䛟 䛰䛥䛔䚹┦ᡭ䛸䛾䛛䛛䜟䜚᪉䛜ኚ䜟䜜䜀䚸≧ἣ䜒ኚ䜟䜚䜎䛩䚹 4. ຓ䛡䜢ồ䜑䜛䛾䛿Ⰻ䛔䛣䛸䚹ே㛫䛿ඹᏑ䛩䜛⏕≀䛷䛩䚹༠ຊ䛧䛶య㦂 䜔⬟ຊ䜢ඹ᭷䛩䜛䛸䛝䛭䛾ᮏ㡿䜢Ⓨ䛧䜎䛩䚹 5. ᚸ⪏䛿ሗ䜟䜜䜛䚹ᐙ᪘䛾୰䛾㣧㓇䜔⸆≀⏝䛾ၥ㢟䛿୍ᬌ䛷⏕䛨䛯 䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸୍᪥䛷ゎỴ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䜒䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䚹ኚ䛻䛿㛫䛜ᚲ せ䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢ᛕ㢌䛻䚸ᑠ䛥䛺୍Ṍ䜢✚䜏㔜䛽䜎䛧䜗䛖䚹㎞ᢪᙉ䛟㛫䜢 䛛䛡䜜䜀ᖾ䛫䛺ᮍ᮶䛻䜘䛳䛶ሗ䜟䜜䜎䛩䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 100 − CSO䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᚑ᮶䛾ධ 䛷䛿䚸ጞ䜑䜎䛧䜗䛖䟿 12䝇䝔䝑䝥䞉䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 䝆䝵䞁䝋䞁᪉ᘧ䛾䜲䞁䝍䞊䝧䞁䝅䝵䞁 䝯䞁䝍䝹䝦䝹䝇 䜹䜴䞁䝉䝸䞁䜾 ఱ䜒䛧䛺䛔 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CRAFT䛾3䛴䛾せ┠ᶆ 㛤ጞⅬ䛛䜙ᛕ㢌䛻䛚䛟䜉䛝 • ษ䛺ே䛾᭷ᐖ䛺㣧㓇䞉⸆≀⏝䜢ῶ䜙䛩 • ษ䛺ே䛻⒪䜢㛤ጞ䛥䛫䜛 • CSO䛾ᶵ⬟䜢ྥୖ䛥䛫䜛 (⢭⚄䚸㌟య䚸ே㛫㛵ಀ) ⒪㛤ጞ䛾䝏䝱䞁䝇䛻ᖖ䛻┠䜢ග䜙䛫 䛶䞉䞉䞉 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ᳨ウ䛩䜉䛝᰿ᮏⓗၥ㢟 CSO䛜䛘䜛 ືᶵ䛵䛡䛂䝣䝑䜽䛃䛸䛿䠛 • CSO䛻䜘䜛䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ヨ䜏䛷䛛䛴䛶 䜒䛳䛸䜒ᡂຌ䛧䛯䛾䛿䠛 • IP䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛚㢪䛔䜢䛩䜛䛾䛻᭱㐺䛺㛫䞉 ሙᡤ䞉᪥䛿䠛 • IP䛜⒪䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻᭱䜒⌮⏤䛻䛺䜚䛭 䛖䛺䛾䛿䠄ே㛫㛵ಀ䛾䛯䜑䚸Ꮚ౪䛯䛱䛾䛯䜑 䜢ኻ䜟䛺䛔䛯䜑䠅䠛 • ⒪䛻䛴䛔䛶IP䛻ヰ䛧䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾䛷䛝䜛 ᭱䜒ᙳ㡪ຊ䛾䛝䛔ே䛿䠛 IP䛿䞉䞉䞉: • 㠀බᘧⓗ䛻CSO䛾䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛻䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛 • IP䛰䛡䛾䠄ู䛾䠅䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛 • 䛂䝃䞁䝥䝹䛃⒪䠄1ᅇཷデ䛧䛶䜏䜛䞉䞉䞉䠛䠅 • ┤㠃䜔ᢈุ䜢䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛿Ỵ䛧䛶䛺䛔䛸ศ䛛䛳䛶 䛔䜛 • 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䞉⸆≀௨እ䛾ヰ㢟䛻䜒↔Ⅼ䜢ᙜ䛶䜛 (䠖䚸㨚䚸䝇䝖䝺䝇䠅 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 101 − ⤯ዲ䛾䝏䝱䞁䝇䠖 ㄏ䛖䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾 • IP䛜⸆≀䛻㛵䛩䜛䛂༴ᶵ䛃䜢ᚋ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸䛝 䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛧䜔䛩䛔䠛 • CSO䛾䝉䝷䝢䞊䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛛IP䛿ᑜ䛽 䛶䛟䜛䠛 • 䛺䛬᭱㏆CSO䛾ែᗘ䛜ኚ䜟䛳䛯䛾䛛IP䛜▱ 䜚䛯䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CRAFT ↓సⅭ䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹◊✲ Miller, Meyers, & Tonigan (1999) NIAAA 130ྡ䛾CSO䛻↓సⅭ䛻௨ୗ䜢䜚ᙜ䛶䠖 • 䜰䝷䝜䞁䞉䝣䜯䝅䝸䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉䝉䝷䝢䞊 (AFT) • 䝆䝵䞁䝋䞁᪉ᘧ䝉䝷䝢䞊(JII) • Community Reinforcement And Family Training (CRAFT) ᅜ❧䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹⏝౫Ꮡ◊ ✲ᡤ䛻䜘䜛୍㒊㈨㔠ᥦ౪ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 䜰䝷䝜䞁䞉䝣䜯䝅䝸䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉 䝉䝷䝢䞊 䝆䝵䞁䝋䞁᪉ᘧ䛾 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝧䞁䝅䝵䞁 • 12 䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁 (ྛ1㛫) • ┠ⓗ䠖 -CSO䜢䜰䝷䝜䞁䝭䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾䛻ཧຍ䛥䛫䜛 -CSO䛻⮬ศ䛾↓ຊ䛥䜢ㄆ䜑䛥䛫䜛 -⬺ឡ╔ཬ䜃䝉䝹䝣䜿䜰䛾㔜せᛶ䜢ᙉㄪ • • • • 6 䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁 (ྛ2㛫) 4 䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䠖‽ഛ䛚䜘䜃䝖䝺䞊䝙䞁䜾 ᐙ᪘䛻䜘䜛ᮏே䛸䛾┤㠃䞉䝭䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾䠍ᅇ 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝧䞁䝅䝵䞁ᚋ䛾ホ౯1ᅇ 䝇䞊䝟䞊䝞䜲䝄䞊: A. Lane Leekman, M.D. 䝇䞊䝟䞊䝞䜲䝄䞊: Joseph Nowinski, Ph.D. Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 102 − CRAFT • 12䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁 (ྛ1㛫) • ┠ⓗ䠖 – ኚ䜢㉳䛣䛩䛯䜑䛾ຊ䜢CSO䛻䛘䜛 – ⾜ື䜢ኚ䛘䜛䝇䜻䝹䜢CSO䛻ᣦᑟ䛩䜛 – CSO䛾⏕ά䛾㉁䜢ྥୖ䛥䛫䜛 – ⒪㛤ጞ䛻ྥ䛡䛶CSO䛻‽ഛ䜢䛥䛫䜛 䝇䞊䝟䞊䝞䜲䝄䞊: 䝻䝞䞊䝖 J. 䝯䜲䝲䞊䝈༤ኈ 䛂䜲䞁䝍䞊䝧䞁䝅䝵䞁䛃䛸䛛䛔䛖䛺䜣䛛᪂䛧䛔䛣䛸䜔䛳䛶䜛䜙䛧䛔䛬䛃 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CSO ⤫ィ 䛒䛺䛯䛾ษ䛺ே䛿䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹ၥ㢟䜢ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䛛䠛 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹ၥ㢟䛜䛒䜛䛾䛻ຓ䛡䜢ồ䜑䜘䛖䛸䛧䛺䛔ᐙ᪘䜔䝟䞊䝖䝘䞊䛸ᬽ䜙䛧䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䛛䠛 䛭䛾ၥ㢟䛻ᑐ䛩䜛䝃䝫䞊䝖䛜ᚲせ䛷䛿䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䛛䠛University of New Mexico䛷㐃㑥ᨻ ᗓ䛾㈨㔠ຓ䛾䜒䛸⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛ㄪᰝ䛻↓ᩱ䛛䛴༏ྡ䛷ཧຍ䛩䜛䝏䝱䞁䝇䛜䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹ヲ⣽ Do not use slides without written 䛿䛚㟁ヰ䛷䛹䛖䛮䚹 permission of the authors ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 47ṓ ᩍ⫱䜢ཷ䛡䛯ᖺᩘ 14ᖺ ዪᛶ (%) 91䠂 䜰䞁䜾䝻䝃䜽䝋䞁⣔ (%) 52䠂 䝠䝇䝟䝙䝑䜽⣔ (%) 39䠂 䜰䝷䝜䞁⤒㦂 (%) 58䠂 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CSO䛖䛴䝇䝁䜰䠄Beck䝔䝇䝖䛻䜘䜛䠅 䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ྜ ึデ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 3䛛᭶┠ 6䞄᭶┠ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 103 − 12䞄᭶┠ CRAFT (䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹) 䛻䜘䜛⤖ㄽ • ᙜึ䛿㠀ពḧⓗ䛺ၥ㢟䛒䜛㣧㓇⪅䜒CSO䛸 䛾䛂unilateral familoy therapy (୍᪉ྥᛶᐙ ᪘⒪ἲ)䛃䜢䛧䛶⒪䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝 䜛 • ᡂே䛷䛒䜛ၥ㢟㣧㓇⪅䛾ぶ䛿≉䛻ຠᯝⓗ 䠄ၥ㢟䛒䜛㣧㓇⪅䛾䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖䜈䛾ᨭ ⪅䛸䛧䛶ぢⴠ䛸䛥䜜䛜䛱䠛䠅 NIDA ᅜ❧⸆≀⏝◊✲ᡤ䛻䜘䜛ຓ ᡂ㔠ᥦ౪ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CRAFT 䝕䝰䞁䝇䝖䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖 IP䛜⏝䛧䛶䛔䛯⸆≀ (CSO䛾ሗ࿌䛻ᇶ䛵䛟) Meyers, Miller, Hill, & Tonigan (1999) • • • • • CSO䠖 ⒪䜢ᣄྰ䛧䛶䛔䜛㠀ྜἲ⸆≀ ⏝⪅䛾ᐙ᪘䞉ே䜙 62ྡ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 䝁䜹䜲䞁 䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘 ぬ䛫䛔 䜰䝦䞁 㙠③/ ⢭⚄Ᏻᐃ = 37% = 35% = 16% = 8% = 3% Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CSO ⤫ィ 䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖 ᛶู: ዪᛶ = 97% ⏨ᛶ = 3% Ẹ᪘: ⓑே = 47% 䝠䝇䝟䝙䝑䜽 = 48% ᣄྰ䛧䛶䛔䛯⸆≀⏝⪅䛾䠄 䛭䛾 = 5% 䠅䛜⒪䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛯 ᖺ㱋9: ᖜ = 18 to 73 ᖹᆒ = 44.7 IP䛸䛾㛵ಀ䠖 㓄അ⪅ = 34% ᘵጜጒ = 6% ぶ = 56% Ꮚ = 4% Do not use slides without written Do not use slides without written permission of the authors permission of the authors − 104 − CRAFT ↓సⅭ⸆≀◊✲ CSO ⤫ィ Meyers, Miller, Smith, & Tonigan (2002) • • • • 90ྡ䛾CSO䛻↓సⅭ䛻௨ୗ䜢䜚ᙜ䛶: • CRAFT • CRAFT + 䜰䝣䝍䞊䜿䜰 • Al-Nar/FT 88% ዪᛶ 49% 䝠䝇䝟䝙䝑䜽 ᖹᆒᖺ㱋䠖 46ṓ IP䛸䛾㛵ಀ䠖 – 53% ぶ – 29% 㓄അ⪅ – 18% 䛭䛾 (ጜጒ䚸♽∗) Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ⒪䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖 CRAFT 䛥䜙䛺䜛CRAFT◊✲ 59% CRAFT + 䜰䝣䝍䞊䜿䜰 77% [ྜ䜟䛫䛶 67%] Al-Nar/FT 29% 3 䜾䝹䞊䝥ẚ㍑ p <.0006 – CRAFT2⪅㛫䛻᭷ពᕪ䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯 • • • • • Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Kirby et al., (1999) Waldron et al. (2007) CSO32ྡ CRAFT 䜒䛧䛟䛿 12䝇䝔䝑䝥䞉䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 IP䛾㓄അ⪅56%䚸IP䛾ぶ38% 䜰䞁䜾䝻䝃䜽䝋䞁⣔75%䚸䜰䝣䝸䜹⣔⡿ᅜே23% IP䛜⏝䛧䛶䛔䛯⸆≀: 䝁䜹䜲䞁56%䚸䝦䝻䜲䞁 22% • CSO = ⸆≀⏝ᮍᡂᖺ⪅䛾ぶ䞉ಖㆤ⪅ 42 ྡ • ୧ぶ䛜䛔䜛ᐙᗞ = 49% • IP: ⏨ᛶ 79% • 74%䛜㯞⏝ • 䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖⋡ = 71% • ⒪㛤ጞ CRAFT64%䚸 12䝇䝔䝑䝥 17% • CSO䠖⥲ྜⓗ䛻ᶵ⬟ᅇ䛧䛯 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 105 − Dutcher et al. (2009) • 䝙䝳䞊䝯䜻䝅䝁ᕞ䝃䞁䝍䝣䜵䛾ᆅᇦᶵ㛵䛷⾜䜟䜜䛯 ◊✲ • 㝖እᇶ‽䛿䜋䜌䛺䛧 • CSO 99ྡ • 䝠䝇䝟䝙䝑䜽 59% • IP䛜⏝䛧䛶䛔䛯⸆≀: 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹90%; 䝁䜹䜲䞁 7% • 䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖⋡: 55-65% CRAFT ◊✲ Sisson & Azrin 1986 Miller, Meyers, et al., 1999 Kirby, et al., 1999 Meyers, Miller, Meyers, et al., 1999 Miller, et al., 2002 Waldron, et. Dutcher, et al., 2007 al., 1999 ⱝᖺ⪅ Manual, et al.,2012 䡴䢚䢕䡬䢈䢛 vs 䡺䢕䢈 CSO14ྡ CSO130ྡ CSO32ྡ 75% 䡭䢙䡴䢚䢗 23% 䜰䝣䝸 䜹⣔ CSO62ྡ 80% 䢇䡹䢆䢛䢂䡫䡴 CSO90ྡ 49% 䢇䡹䢆䢛䢂䡫䡴 CSO42ྡ 48% 䢇䡹䢆䢛䢂䡫䡴 CSO99ྡ 59% 䢇䡹䢆䢛䢂䡫䡴 CSO40 ྡ 60% 䡭䢙䡴䢚䢗 䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 55% 䡶䡲䡮䢙 22% 䡭䢉䢙 37% 䡶䡲䡮䢙 35% 䢋䢔䢈䡣䢁 16% ぬ㓰 8% 䡭䢉䢙 䢋䢔䢈䡣䢁 䡶䡲䡮䢙 ぬ㓰 䢋䢔䢈䡣䢁 䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 90% 䢀䢚䢓䡫䡴䢚 䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 /䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 7% 䡶䡲䡮䢙 ↓సⅭ ↓సⅭ ↓సⅭ 㠀సⅭ ↓సⅭ 㠀సⅭ 㠀సⅭ (CRAFT vs 12 Step) (CRAFT/JI /12-step (CRAFT vs 12-step) 䡴䢚䢕䡬䢈䢛vs 䡺䢕䢈 Craft 86% vs 0% CSO ᨵၿ 64% vs23% vs13% CSO ᨵၿ 74% vs 17% CSO ᨵၿ 74% CSO ᨵၿ 65.5% vs 29% CSO ᨵၿ 71% CSO ᨵၿ 55%-65% CSO ᨵၿ 60% 71% Vs 40% ᨵၿ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CRAFT 䛾᪂䛧䛔ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 䜾䝹䞊䝥CRAFT vs 䝉䝹䝣CRAFT Knapp-Manuel (ᮍⓎ⾲༤ኈㄽᩥ) • • • • 䜾䝹䞊䝥CRAFT 䜼䝱䞁䝤䝹ၥ㢟䜢ᑐ㇟䛻䛧䛯CRAFT 䛩䛷䛻⒪୰䛾ᐙ᪘ᑐ㇟䛾CRAFT PTSD䛚䜘䜃SUD䠄⸆≀䞉䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹ၥ㢟䠅䜢 ᢪ䛘䜛ᖐᅜ㏥ᙺ㌷ேᑐ㇟䛾CRAFT • 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䜾䝹䞊䝥CRAFT (Smart Recovery) • ⒪ᣄ⤯䛧䛯䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䜎䛯䛿⸆≀⏝⪅䛾 CSO40ྡ • CSO䛻↓సⅭ䛻௨ୗ䜢䜚ᙜ䛶䠖 䜾䝹䞊䝥CRAFT䠖䜾䝹䞊䝥䝉䝷䝢䞊12䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁 䝉䝹䝣CRAFT䠖䛄CRAFT ౫Ꮡᐙ᪘䛾䛯䜑䛾ᑐᛂ䝝 䞁䝗䝤䝑䜽䠄*HW<RXU/RYHG2QH6REHU $OWHUQDWLYHVWR1DJJLQJ3OHDGLQJDQG 7KUHDWPHQLQJ (Meyers & Wolfe, 2004))䛅䜢ྛ CSO䛻㓄ᕸ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CSO ⤫ィ 䜾䝹䞊䝥CRAFT • ዪᛶ85% • ᖹᆒᖺ㱋䠖 51ṓ • IP䛸䛾㛵ಀ: – ぶ60% – 㓄അ⪅15% – ᘵጜጒ7.5% – ᙼẶ䞉ᙼዪ7.5% – 䛭䛾10% (Ꮚ౪䚸ே➼) • ⒪⪅䠄co-therapists䠅2ྡ • ྛ䜾䝹䞊䝥CSO 4-6ྡ • 䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁ฟᖍᖹᆒᩘ䠖 6.9 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 106 − 䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖⋡ 䛂䛒䛺䛯䛾ᡂ䛩䛣䛸䛿⮬䜙䛾ᡂ䛩䛣䛸䜢Ⓨぢ䛧䚸 㟋䜢䛣䜑䛶⮬䜙䜢䛭䜜䛻ᤝ䛢䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒 䜛䛃䟿 • 䝉䝹䝣: 40%⒪㛤ጞ䠄20ྡ୰8ྡ䠅䠄㐣ཤ䛾◊✲䛻 䜘䜛䝆䝵䞁䝋䞁䜔䜰䝷䝜䞁䛾ྜ䜢ୖᅇ䜛䠅 㔘㏑ • 䜾䝹䞊䝥CRAFT (᭱ప1ᅇ䛿䜾䝹䞊䝥䝉䝷䝢 䞊䛾䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䛻ཧຍ): 70% ⒪㛤ጞ (17ྡ୰12ྡ䠅 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors HBO CRAFT ᫎ⏬ CRAFT䛾ᇶ♏ • 㣧㓇䜔⸆≀䛾⏝⾜Ⅽ䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛⾜Ⅽ䛾ᗫ ⤯ʊ䜲䝛䞊䝤䝸䞁䜾䠛 • CRAFT - 䜶䝭䞊㈹䜢ཷ㈹䛧䛯14⦅ 䛛䜙䛺䜛౫Ꮡ䝅䝸䞊䝈䛾䜂䛸䛴 • 㠀㣧㓇䜔⸆≀䛾㠀⏝䜢๓ྥ䛝䛻ಁ㐍䛩䜛 ⾜Ⅽ䛾㛤ጞ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CSO䛻ᑐ䛩䜛 CRAFT䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾ㄝ᫂ 3䛴䛾せ┠ᶆ: ษ䛺ே䛾᭷ᐖ䛺⸆≀⏝䜢ῶ䜙䛩 ษ䛺ே䛻⒪䜢㛤ጞ䛥䛫䜛 CSO䛾ᶵ⬟䜢ྥୖ䛥䛫䜛 (⢭⚄䚸㌟య䚸ே㛫㛵ಀ) 䛂ே⏕䛸䛿⮬㌿㌴䛻䜛䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛰䚹 䝞䝷䞁䝇䜢ಖ䛴䛯䜑䛻䛿㉮䜚⥆䛡䛺䛡 䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛃 ʊ 䜰䝹䝞䞊䝖䞉䜰䜲䞁䝅䝳䝍䜲䞁 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 107 − CRAFT 㛤ጞ CRAFT䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢 ጞ䜑䜛䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶 • • • • • • • 䜽䝷䜲䜰䞁䝖୰ᚰ䛷䛒䜚⥆䛡䜛 CSO䛻‶䜢ྤ䛝ฟ䛥䛫䜛 ၥ㢟䜶䝸䜰䛾≉ᐃ䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛 ṇ䛾ᙉ(positive reinforcement)䜢⏝䛔䜛 CRAFT䛾┠ᶆ䛸㐣⛬䜢ㄝ᫂䛩䜛 CSO䛻ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛ᙺ䜢ㄝ᫂䛩䜛 䛂ᙉᏊ䠄reinforcer)䛃䛾≉ᐃ䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CRAFT 䛾㐣⛬: ᴫせ • • • • • Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CSO ඃඛ㡰䝅䞊䝖 (⥆䛟) 㠀ᖖ䛻 㔜せ䛺 ┠ᶆ 㔜せ䛷䛺䛔 ┠ᶆ ṇ䛾ᙉ䛛䜙䛾䛌䝍䜲䝮䜰䜴䝖Ǝ ⏝䛾⤖ᯝ⏕䛨䜛ᙜ↛䛾⤖ᮎ CSO䛾䛯䜑䛾ᙉᏊ ⏝⪅䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⒪䛾ᥦ ⣲᪩䛔ึデ ⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③䛾㍍ῶ 0 1 2 3 4 ษ䛺ே䜢⸆≀䛛䜙ゎᨺ䛩䜛 0 1 2 3 4 ᐙᗞෆᭀຊ䛾䝸䝇䜽䛾๐ῶ 0 1 2 3 4 ษ䛺ே䛻⒪䜢㛤ጞ䛥䛫䜛 0 1 2 3 4 ษ䛺ே䛾᩿㓇䛸⒪䜢䝃䝫䞊䝖䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢Ꮫ䜆 0 1 2 3 4 ษ䛺ே䛜ኚ䜟䜚䛯䛔䛸ᛮ䛖䝰䝏䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢 0 1 2 3 4 㧗䜑䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 䜎䛪CSO䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛿䠛 䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁 䝖䝺䞊䝙䞁䜾 • 䛹䛖㐍䜑䛶⾜䛟䛛䛿ᢸᙜ䛾䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖ḟ➨䛷 䛩䛜䚸 CSOඃඛ㡰䝅䞊䝖䜢ぢ䛺䛜䜙䝥䝻䝉 䝇䜢㐍䜑䛶䛒䛢䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䚹 • CSO䛜ᗣ䛷䛒䜛䜋䛹䚸䜶䞁䝀䞊䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾 ㄢ㢟䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䜔䛩䛟䚸䜎䛯䚸⮬ศ⮬㌟䛾䜿 䜰䛜䛧䜔䛩䛟䛺䜛 • ᡃ䚻䛾䛿䜘䜚ከ䛟䛾㑅ᢥ⫥䜢⏕䜏ฟ䛩䛣 䛸 䛺䛬䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁ᨵၿ䛜ᚲせ䠛 • ᚲせ䛺䜒䛾䜢ᡭ䛻ධ䜜䜔䛩䛟䛺䜛 • 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䛂ឤᰁ䛩䜛䛃 • CSO䛜⏕ά䛾䛾ศ㔝䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒‶㊊䜢ᚓ 䜛䛯䜑䛾㐨䛜㛤䛡䜛䠄♫ⓗ䝃䝫䞊䝖䠅 • 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛣䛭䛜CRAFT 䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ᇶ┙䛸䛺䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 108 − 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾 ᵓᡂせ⣲ ຠᯝⓗ䛷䛺䛔⾜ື • • • • • • • ᑠゝ ᠓㢪 ⬣䛧 ኌ ㄝᩍ 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䜢ὶ䛧䛻ᤞ䛶䜛 㓉䛳䜁䜙䛖䠄㣧㓇⪅䛻㓉䛳䛯ᵝᏊ䜢ぢ䛫䜛䛯 䜑䠅 • • • • • • • Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ⡆₩䛻 ๓ྥ䛝䛻 ලయⓗ䛛䛴᫂☜䛻 ⮬ศ䛾ឤ䜢⾲䛩䠖䛂⚾䛿 ⌮ゎ䜢ゝⴥ䛷ఏ䛘䜛 㒊ศⓗ䛺㈐௵䜢ᘬ䛝ཷ䛡䜛 ᡭຓ䛡䜢⏦䛧ฟ䜛 䛸ឤ䛨䜛䛃 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁: 䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䛾䛯䜑䛾䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁 ⦎⩦䛩䜛䜋䛹ୖᡭ䛟䛺䜛 • • • • • • • • • ึ䜑䛶䛾ᣮᡓ: 䛂䜒䛖↓⌮䟿䛣䜜௨ୖᡃ៏䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹⒪䜢ཷ䛡䛺䛔䛺䜙ฟ䛶⾜ 䛳䛶䟿䛃 • ᗘ┠䛾ᣮᡓ: 䛂䛒䛺䛯䛾㣧㓇䛾䛫䛔䛷⚾䛾䝇䝖䝺䝇䛜䛯䜎䜛䛾䚹᭱㏆䛜 ኚ䛺䛾䛿ศ䛛䛳䛶䛔䜛䛡䛹䚸䛻ᑐฎ᪉ἲ䛿䛺䛔䛾䠛䛃 • ୕ᗘ┠䛾ᣮᡓ: 䛂䛒䛺䛯䛾㣧㓇䛻䛿ᮏᙜ䛻᎘䛺Ẽศ䛻䛥䛫䜙䜜䜛䚹䛒䛺䛯䛻ヰ 䛧䛜䛧䛯䛔䜟䚹䛜ኚ䛺䛾䛿ศ䛛䛳䛶䜛䚹䛭䛾䝇䝖䝺䝇 䛻ᑐฎ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢୍⥴䛻⪃䛘䛺䛔䠛䛔䛟䛴䛛䜰䜲䝕䜰䛜䛒䜛 䛾䜘䛃 㞴᫆ᗘ䛾ప䛔䝅䝏䝳䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁䛛䜙ጞ䜑䜛 䛭䛾≧ἣ䜢ṇ☜䛻ᥥ䜢䛩䜛 䛒䛺䛯䛛䜙ጞ䜑䛶䛒䛢䜛 ⡆₩䛻 (2-3ศ) 䛔䛛䛺䜛ດຊ䜒〔䜑䜛 ┦ᡭ䛾ᛂ䜢ᚓ䜛 ᨭᣢⓗ䞉ලయⓗ䛺䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛 ⧞䜚㏉䛧䛶⾜䛖 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 䝸䝞䞊䝇䞉䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲 䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䛜䛩䜉䛶 • Ⅼ: – 䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䛻ᾘᴟⓗ䛺CSO䛷䜒╔ᡭ 䛧䜔䛩䛔 – 䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛜Ⰻ䛔䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅 䝵䞁䛾ᡭᮏ䜢ぢ䛫䜙䜜䜛 – CSO䛜IP䛻ឤ⛣ධ䛷䛝䜛 • CSO䛜ゝ䛖䜉䛝䛣䛸䜢Ꮫ䜆䛰䛡䛷䛿༑ศ䠖 CSO䛿ゝ䛖䜉䛝䜢▱䜙䛺䛟䛶䛿䛺䜙䛺䛔 • IP䛸䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢ᅗ䜛䛾䛻 ᭱㐺䛺䜢≉ᐃ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖CSO䜢ᡭຓ䛡䛩䜛 • ≀䛜䛖䜎䛟䛔䛳䛶䛔䜛䛿ヰ㢟䜢ᣢ䛱䛛䛡 䛻䛟䛔䛸ከ䛟䛾CSO䛜ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢ྲྀ䜚ୖ 䛢䜛䞉䞉䞉䠄䛴䜎䜚䚸䜲䝷䜲䝷䛧䛶䛔䜛䛻ヰ㢟䜢 ᣢ䛱ฟ䛧䛜䛱䠅 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 109 − 䛒䜛䜿䞊䝇䛻䛴䛔䛶 䛂⤖ᒁ䚸䛒䛺䛯䛜ᚓ䜛ឡ䛿䚸䛒䛺䛯䛜 䛘䜛ឡ䠄䛾㔞䠅䛻➼䛧䛔䛃 • Mother in the mountains 䝡䞊䝖䝹䝈 • • • • • • • Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Why do CSO’s Isolate? …ே䛾ᑡ䛧䛾ᡭຓ䛡䛜䛒䜜䜀 䛺䜣䛸䛛䜚㉺䛘䜙䜜䜛… Embarrassment Fear Shame Guilt Need to stay home for emergencies Depression What else do you think may isolate her? • • • • • • • ♫䛾㍯䜢䛴䛟䜛䠋䛴䛟䜚┤䛩 ⛎ᐦ䜢ᡴ䛱᫂䛡䜙䜜䜛ே䜢ぢ䛴䛡䜛 ᡭຓ䛡䛜ᚲせ䚸䛷䜒䚸ㄡ䛛䜙䠛 ᫇䛾䛝ྜ䛔䜢䜘䜏䛜䛘䜙䛫䜛 䜎䛯ᩍ䛻㏻䛖 䝪䝷䞁䝔䜱䜰ᅋయ䛻ཧຍ䛩䜛 CSO䛜ຊ䜢ᚓ䜛䛯䜑䛾䛭䛾䛾᪉ἲ䛿䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ᖾ⚟ᑻᗘ • • • • • • ⸆≀⏝ 䞉ᩍ⫱ ㈨㔠⟶⌮ ♫⏕ά ಶேⓗ⩦័ ᜊឡ㛵ಀ • • • • • • ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ ឤ⏕ά 䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁 㟋ᛶ ୍⯡ⓗ䛺ᖾ⚟ [⮬ศ䛾䜢㏣ຍ] Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 110 − ┠ᶆタᐃ䛾䛯䜑䛾䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁 ┠ᶆ䛿: • • • • • • • • ⡆₩䠄」㞧䛻䛺䜙䛺䛔䜘䛖䠅 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䠄ఱ䜢㐩ᡂ䛩䜛䛾䛛䠅 ලయⓗ⾜ື䠄 ᐃྍ⬟䛺䜒䛾䠅 ྜ⌮ⓗ CSO䛜䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾 CSO䛜ᣢ䛴䝇䜻䝹䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䜒䛾 㞀ᐖ≀䜢ᛕ㢌䛻 ᚲ䛪ṇ䛧䛔䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䛷 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CSO䛾┠ᶆ 䠃 ධ䛸䛧䛶 ὀ┠䛩䜉䛝䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊 • ♫⏕ά䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊? 䠄ே䛜ᑡ䛺䛔䠅 • CSO䛾⮬⏤㛫䛾㐣䛤䛧᪉䛻䛴 䛔䛶䛹䜣䛺ᡭຓ䛡䛜䛷䛝䜎䛩䛛䠛 • ಶேⓗ⩦័䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊? 䠄ῶ㔞䛧䛯䛔䠅 • ឤ⏕ά䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊? 䠄ᖖ䛻䜲䝷䜲䝷䛧䛶䛔䜛䠅 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 㣧㓇䞉⸆≀⏝䛾䝻䞊䝗䝬䝑䝥䠖 ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䠄Function Analysis) • 䛂䛸䜣䛷䜒䛺䛟༢⣧䛺䛣䛸䛷䛩䛜䚸⮬ศ䛾⩦័䛾⤌䜏䜢⮬ ぬ䛧䚸ᘬ䛝㔠䜔ሗ㓘䜢ㄆ㆑䛷䛝䜜䜀䚸䛭䜜䜙䜢ኚ䛘䜛సᴗ䛿 ༙ศ⤊䜟䛳䛯䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛷䛩䛃䛸ᙼ䛿ゝ䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹䛂䜒䛳䛸」 㞧䛺䛿䛪䛸ᛮ䛖䛷䛧䜗䛖䚹ᐇ㝿䛾䛸䛣䜝䚸⬻䛿䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛷 䛝䜛䛾䛷䛩䚹䜒䛱䜝䜣ៅ㔜䛻⪃䛘䛺䛟䛶䛿䛺䜚䜎䛫䜣䛜䛃 • CSO䛿㇏ᐩ䛺ሗ䜢᭷䛧䛶䛔䜛 • CSO䛿IP䛾⏝⾜ື䜔ᘬ䛝㔠䜢ண 䛷 䛝䜛 • CSO䛾⾜ື䜒ศᯒ䛩䜛౯್䛜䛒䜛 • Dr. Nathan Azrin Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 111 − ᚸ⪏ᙉ䛟䛒䜜 ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䠖㐣⛬ • 㣧㓇䞉⸆≀⏝䛻㛵䛩䜛᪥ᖖⓗ䜶䝢䝋䞊䝗䛾 ヲ⣽䜢ᚓ䜛 • 㣧㓇䞉⏝䛾ᘬ䛝㔠䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 • 㣧㓇䞉⏝⾜ື䜢ᥥ䛩䜛 • 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䞉⸆≀⏝䛾䛫䛔䛷IP䛜య㦂䛧䛯 ⤖ᮎ䜢䝸䝇䝖䛻䜎䛸䜑䜛 • CSO䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸䝟䝍䞊䞁䜢せ⣙䛩䜛 • 䛣䜜䜙䛾ሗ䜢⒪䛷䛹䛖䛳䛶䛔䛟䛛䜰䜲䝕 䜰䜢ฟ䛩 • ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䠄FA)䛛䜙ሗධᡭ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛿ከᩘ • ⮬⏤ᅇ⟅ᙧᘧ䛾㉁ၥ䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸㉱䛟䜎䜎 䛻ሗ䛜ὶ䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛 • CSO䛻䜒䝣䜷䞊䝮䛾䝁䝢䞊䜢ᥦ౪䛧䚸ඹྠ䛷 ᐇ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖ඹ᭷䛩䜛 • ᥈䜚䜢ධ䜜䛺䛜䜙┦ᡭ䛻ヰ䛥䛫䚸䛒䛺䛯䛿⪺ 䛝ᙺ䛻ᚭ䛧䜎䛧䜗䛖䟿 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ษ䛺ே䛾㣧㓇䞉⏝⾜Ⅽ䛻㛵䛩䜛&5$)7ᶵ⬟ศᯒ • • • • CSO = 48ṓ䛾䝅䞁䜾䝹䝬䝄䞊 IP = 25ṓ䛾ᜥᏊ IP䛜⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛⸆≀: 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䛸䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘 IP䛿ẕぶ䛸ྠᒃ䚸䜰䝹䝞䜲䝖䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 㣧㓇䛻䜘䜛᪥ᖖⓗ䜶䝢䝋䞊䝗䛿? 㣧㓇⾜Ⅽ 䠄⾲3ิ┠䠅 1. ษ䛺ே䠄ᜥᏊ䠅䛜㣧䜐䛾䛿ఱ? 䝡䞊䝹 • 䝙䝑䜽䛸䜸䝸䝞䞊䛸䛔䛖ே䛾ே䛸㌴䜢㉮䜙 䛫䛺䛜䜙ኤ᪉䛛䜙䛪䛳䛸㣧䜣䛷䛔䜛 2. ㏻ᖖ㣧䜐㔞䛿䛹䜜䛟䜙䛔䠛 㻢ᮏ䛛䜙㻞㻜ᮏ䛾㛫 3. 䛰䛔䛯䛔䛹䜜䛟䜙䛔䛾㛫㣧䜏⥆䛡䜛䠛 ⣙㛫 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 112 − እⓗᘬ䛝㔠 (⾲1ิ┠) ෆⓗᘬ䛝㔠 (⾲2ิ┠) 1. 㣧㓇䛩䜛䛸䛝ㄡ䛸䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䠛 1. 㣧㓇┤๓䚸ษ䛺ே䠄ᜥᏊ䠅䛿ఱ䜢⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䛸ᛮ 䛖䠛 㧗ᰯ䛾ᚋ㍮䝙䝑䜽䛸䜸䝸䝞䞊 䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䚸䛷䜒䛔䛴䜒䛂䛣䛾㎶䜚䛿ᮏᙜ䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜 ఱ䜒䛺䛔䞉䞉䛃䛸ゝ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹 䝖䝷䝤䝹䜢㉳䛣䛭䛖䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸ᛮ䛖䚹 2. 㣧㓇䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔ሙᡤ䛿䠛 䝙䝑䜽䛾㌴ 2. 㣧㓇๓ᙼ䛿ఱ䜢ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛䛸ᛮ䛖䠛 3. 㣧㓇䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䛾䛿䛔䛴䠛 ẖᬌ䚸䛛䜙䛟䜙䛔䜎䛷 ㏥ᒅ䚸ⴠ䛱╔䛛䛺䛔 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ▷ᮇⓗ䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ䠄⾲4ิ┠䠅 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ (⥆) 3. ẖᬌ㣧䜐䛣䛸䛾ఱ䛜ዲ䛝䛺䛾䛷䛧䜗䛖䠛 1. 䝙䝑䜽䛸䜸䝸䝞䞊䛸୍⥴䛻㣧䜐䛣䛸䛾ఱ䛜ዲ䛝䛺䛾 䛷䛧䜗䛖䠛 ኪ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛻䛺䛔䛛䜙䛰䛸ゝ䛔䜎䛩䚹䛝ྜ䛔䛰 䛸䜒䚹 ⮬ศ䛜ᖺୖ䛺䛾䛷ᑛᩗ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛧 䜗䛖䚹䛭䜜䛻䚸ᙼ䜙䛿䛔䛴䛷䜒ᬤ䛰䛧䞉䞉䞉㌴䜒ᣢ䛳䛶 䛔䜛䛛䜙䛰䛸ᛮ䛔䜎䛩䚹 4. 㣧㓇䛻䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᴦ䛧䛔⪃䛘䛜ᾋ䛛䜣䛷䛔䜛 䛾䛷䛧䜗䛖䠛 2. 䝙䝑䜽䛾㌴䛷㣧䜐䛣䛸䛾ఱ䛜ዲ䛝䛺䛾䛷䛧䜗䛖䠛 䛒䛾䝞䜹ே䛸䛔䜛䛾䛜䛩䛤䛟ᴦ䛧䛔䚸ᐙ䛷䛺䛻䜒䛫 䛪䛔䜛䜘䜚䜘䜋䛹䛔䛔䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛧䜗䛖䚹䛚㓇 䜢㣧䜣䛷䛔䜛䛾᪉䛜㡢ᴦ䛻䜒ᾐ䜚䜔䛩䛔䛸ゝ䛳䛶 䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹 ㌴䜢䜚ᅇ䛩䛾䛜ዲ䛝䛺䜣䛷䛩䞉䞉䞉䛷䜒㌴䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔 䛺䛔䛛䜙䚹䝙䝑䜽䛾㌴䛻䛿䛩䛤䛟Ⰻ䛔䝇䝔䝺䜸䛜䛴䛔 䛶䛔䜛䛭䛖䛷䛩䚹ᜥᏊ䛿㡢ᴦ䜒ዲ䛝䛺䜣䛷䛩䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 㛗ᮇⓗ䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ䠄⾲5ิ┠䠅 㻝㻚 5. 㣧㓇䛻䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᴦ䛧䛔Ẽศ䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䛧䜗 䛖䠛 䛣䜜䜙䛾ศ㔝䛻䛚䛡䜛ษ䛺ே䠄ᜥᏊ䠅䛾㣧㓇䛾䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤 䛺⤖ᯝ䛿ఱ䛷䛧䜗䛖䠖 a) ᑐே㛵ಀ: 䛚㓇䜢㣧䜐䛸䛂䝝䜲䛃䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛷䚸䛾䛺 䛻䜒䛛䜒䛜䛹䛖䛷䜒䜘䛟䛺䜛䛭䛖䛷䛩䚹䛂Ᏻ䜙䛛䛺䛃Ẽ ศ䛰䛭䛖䛷䛩䚹 䝙䝑䜽䛸䜸䝸䝞䞊௨እ䛾㐩䛿䜏䜣䛺ᛣ䜙䛫䛶䛧䜎䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹 ⓙ䜒䛖ே䛷䛩䛛䜙䚹⚾䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛻䜒䜒䛱䜝䜣Ⰻ䛔䛣䛸䛿䛒 䜚䜎䛫䜣䚹䛔䛴䜒ゝ䛔த䛳䛶䜀䛛䜚䛷䛩䚹 +HVD\VKHOLNHVIHHOLQJ³KLJK´KHGRHVQ¶WFDUH DERXWPXFKRIDQ\WKLQJZKHQKHGULQNV+H GHVFULEHVLWDVIHHOLQJ³DWSHDFH´ b) ㌟య: 䛝䛱䜣䛸㣗䜉䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䚹యㄪ䛜ᝏ䛭䛖䛷䛩䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 113 − c) ឤ: Negative Consequences 㛗ᮇⓗ䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ(⥆䛝) ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䜢ᡂ䛥䛫䜛 Ẽศᒇ䚹 • CSO䛸䛸䜒䛻せ⣙䛩䜛 • 䛣䜜䜙䛾ሗ䜢CSO䛾⒪䛷䛹䛖䛳䛶䛔䛟 䛛ㄝ᫂䛩䜛 • CSO䛜⟅䛘䛯䛟䛺䛔䚸䜒䛧䛟䛿⟅䛘䛜ศ䛛䜙䛺 䛔㉁ၥ䜢ᙉไ䛧䛺䛔 d) ἲᚊ: 㓇Ẽᖏ䜃㐠㌿ᅇ䚹 e) : 䜰䝹䝞䜲䝖䛧䛛䛧䛶䛚䜙䛪䚸㐣ཤ䛴䛾䜒㣧㓇䛾䛫䛔䛷䜽䝡 䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹 f) 㔠㖹: 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䛸䝣䜯䞊䝇䝖䝣䞊䝗䛻᭷䜚㔠䛩䜉䛶䜢㈝䜔䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹 ୍ேᬽ䜙䛧䜢䛧䛯䛔䛸䛔䛴䜒ゝ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸䛭䛾వ⿱䛿䛺䛔䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ᐟ㢟䠖ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾 ᐟ㢟: ᐟ㢟䛾ᵓᡂ • ẖᅇ䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䛾ෑ㢌䛷๓ᅇ䛾ㄢ㢟䜢☜ㄆ䛧 ၥ㢟䛜䛒䜜䜀๓ྥ䛝䛻ᣦᑟ䛩䜛䚹 • ᚲ䛪䛧䜒䛂ᐟ㢟䛃䛸䜆ᚲせ䛿䛺䛔 • ㄢ㢟䛿: – ⡆₩䛻 • 䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䛾᭱ᚋ䛻䛿CSO䛾䜰䜲䝕䜰䛻ᇶ䛵 䛔䛶᪂䛧䛔ㄢ㢟䜢⪃䛘䜛䚹 – 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺ゝⴥ䛷㏙䜉䜛䠄ఱ䜢䜔䜑䜛䛛 䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ఱ䜢䛩䜛䛛䠅 – ලయⓗ䛻 – ྜ⌮ⓗ䛻 – ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾䛒䜛㞀ᐖ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛶䛚䛟 • 䜎䛯䛿䚸ྠ䛨ㄢ㢟䜢⥅⥆䛩䜛䚹CSOḟ➨䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors DV䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ண㜵⟇: ᭀຊ䛾᭷↓䜢ᰝᐃ䛩䜛 ♫ⓗ䝃䝫䞊䝖䛾Ỉ‽䜢ㄪᰝ䛩䜛 • 㠀බᘧⓗ䛺䝕䜱䝇䜹䝑䝅䝵䞁 • ᡭẁ䠖 • ᭀຊ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛹䛖ᑜ䛽䜛䛛䚸ᭀຊ䛾ᐃ⩏䛸 䛿䠛 • ᭀຊ䛿ᬑ㏻䛷䛿䛺䛔䛧䚸ᐜㄆ䛩䜉䛝䛷䛿䛺䛔 • ᑗ᮶ⓗ䛺ᭀຊ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ: – ᗣ䛚䜘䜃᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛻㛵䛩䜛䝣䜷䞊䝮䠄Health and Daily Living Form (Moos)䠅 – ♫ⓗ䝃䝫䞊䝖䛻㛵䛩䜛䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖䠄Social Support Questionnaire (SSQSR; Sarason)䠅 – 㐣ཤ䛾ᭀຊ䛿ᑗ᮶ⓗ䛺ᭀຊ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢♧၀䛩䜛 – ⴱ⸨ᡓ␎ᑻᗘ䠄Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus)) – ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䠄Functional Analysis䠅 • ♫ⓗ䝃䝫䞊䝖䜢䜘䜚Ⓨᒎ䛥䛫䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒 䜚䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 114 − ⮬ᕫ㜵⾨䝥䝷䞁䜢❧䛶䜛 • • • • • ண㜵䝥䝷䞁䜢❧䛶䜛 • • • • ⮬Ꮿ䛷㌟䜢Ᏺ䜛 㢗䜜䜛ே䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 ᡭⲴ≀䜢䜎䛸䜑䛶䛚䛟 㞃䜜ᐙ䠛 ㆙ᐹ䛾ධ䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ษ䛺ே䛾ᭀຊ⾜Ⅽ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ṭṼṫṰṾᶵ⬟ศᯒ እⓗᘬ䛝㔠 ෆⓗᘬ䛝㔠 䞉┦ᡭ䛜ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺 䜛䛸䛝䚸䛒䛺䛯௨እ 䛻䛭䛾ሙ䛻䛔䜛䛾 䛿ㄡ䠛 䞉ᭀຊ䛜㉳䛣䜛䛾䛿 䛹䛣䠛 䞉ᭀຊ䛜ᬑẁ㉳䛣䜛 䛾䛿䛔䛴䠛䠷䜰䝹䝁 䞊䝹䞉⸆≀䛾ᙳ㡪 䛿䠛䠹 䞉┦ᡭ䛜ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺 䜛┤๓䛻䛒䛺䛯䛜䛸 䛳䛶䛔䜛ゝື䛿䠛 䞉ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺䜛┤๓䚸┦ ᡭ䛿ఱ䜢⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䠛 䞉ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺䜛┤๓䚸┦ ᡭ䛿ఱ䜢ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛䠛 䞉䛭䛾䛾䛂༴㝤ಙྕ䛃䠖 ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺䜛┤๓┦ᡭ 䛜䛸䜛ゝື䛿䠛 ᭀຊ⾜Ⅽ 䞉┦ᡭ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᭀຊ ⾜Ⅽ䜢䛩䜛䠛 䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䛷䛾⋡┤䛺ឤ⾲⌧ ᭀຊ䜈䛾ᘬ䛝㔠䜔༴㝤ಙྕ䛾ㄆ㆑ ༴㝤ಙྕ䜈䛾䜘䜚Ᏻ䛺ᑐฎἲ䜢☜❧ ၐᑟ䞉⤂ ▷ᮇⓗ 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ 㛗ᮇⓗ 䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ 䞉┦ᡭ䛿ᭀຊ䛾ఱ䜢ዲ䜣䛷䛔 䜛䠛 䞉ᭀຊ䛾᭱୰䜔ᚋ䚸┦ᡭ䛿䛹 䛾䜘䛖䛺ᴦ䛧䛔⪃䛘䜢ᢪ䛔䛶 䛔䜛䠛 䞉ᭀຊ䛾᭱୰䜔ᚋ䚸┦ᡭ䛿䛹 䛾䜘䛖䛺ᴦ䛧䛔Ẽศ䜢ᢪ䛔䛶 䛔䜛䠛 ௨ୗ䛾䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ศ㔝 䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ษ䛺ே䛾ᭀ ຊ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䝛䜺䝔䜱 䝤䛺⤖ᯝ䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩䛷䛧 䜗䛖䠛䠄┦ᡭ䜒ྠព䛩䜛䛸 ᛮ䛖䛣䛸䠅䠖 ᑐே㛵ಀ ㌟య ⢭⚄ ἲᚊ 㔠㖹 䛭䛾 • • • • CSO = 35ṓ䛾ጔ IP = 40ṓ䛾ኵ IP䛾⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛⸆≀䠖䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹 IP䛿䛾ᚋே䛸㣧䜏䛻⾜䛝䚸ᖐᏯ䛩䜛䛸 ጔ䜢ᢲ䛧䚸ᖹᡭᡴ䛱䜢䛧䚸ኌ䜢ฟ䛩 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors እⓗᘬ䛝㔠 እⓗᘬ䛝㔠䠄⥆䠅 ┦ᡭ䛜ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺䜛䛸䛝䚸䛒䛺䛯௨እ䛻䛭 1. ┦ᡭ䛜ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺䜛┤๓䛻䛒䛺䛯䛜ྲྀ䛳䛶 䛔䜛ゝື䛿䠛 䛂⚾䛿䛒䛺䛯䛾䛚ᡭఏ䛔䛥䜣䛷䛧䛛䛺䛔䛾 䛽䛃䠷➼䚸⓶⫗䛺ゝ䛔ᅇ䛧䠹 䛾ሙ䛻䛔䜛䛾䛿ㄡ䠛 ㄡ䜒䛔䛺䛔 ᭀຊ䛜ᬑẁ㉳䛣䜛䛾䛿䛹䛣䠛 䜻䝑䝏䞁 ᭀຊ䛜ᬑẁ㉳䛣䜛䛾䛿䛔䛴䠛 ኤ㣗䛻㐜䜜䛶㓉䛳䜁䜙䛳䛶ᖐᏯ䛧䛯䛸䛝 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 115 − ෆⓗᘬ䛝㔠 ෆⓗᘬ䛝㔠 䠄⥆䠅 1. ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺䜛┤๓䚸┦ᡭ䛿ఱ䜢⪃䛘䛶䛔 䜛䠛 1. ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺䜛┤๓䚸┦ᡭ䛿ఱ䜢ឤ䛨䛶䛔 䜛䠛 䜘䛟䜒䛭䜣䛺䛣䛸䜢䟿䜸䝺䛿୍᪥୰㌟䜢⢊䛻 䛧䛶ാ䛔䛶䛔䜛䛾䛻䚹䛫䜑䛶ᩥྃ䜢ゝ䜟䛪 ኤ㣤䛾⏝ព䜢䛩䜛䛟䜙䛔䛾䛣䛸䜒䛷䛝䛺䛔䛾 䛛 ኤ㣤䛾‽ഛ䛻䛴䛔䛶⓶⫗䜢ゝ䛳䛯⚾䛻ᑐ䛧 䛶ᛣ䜚䜢ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 䛭䛾䛾䛂༴㝤ಙྕ䛃 ᭀຊ⾜Ⅽ 1. ┦ᡭ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᭀຊ⾜Ⅽ䜢䛩䜛䠛 ᭀຊⓗ䛻䛺䜛┤๓┦ᡭ䛜䛸䜛ゝື䛿䠛 ⚾䛾⫪䜢䛴䛛䜏䚸ᢲ䛧䠄෭ⶶᗜ䜔㟁Ꮚ䝺䞁䝆 䛾䛸䛣䜝䜎䛷䠅䚸⫙䛻∎䜢❧䛶䜛䚹 ± ⚾䜢ቨ䛻ᢲ䛥䛘䛴䛡䛶ᛣ㬆䜛䚹ᢲ䛧䛯䜚䚸 ᖹᡭᡴ䛱䜢䛧䛯䜚䚸ኌ䜢ฟ䛩䚹 ேᕪ䛧ᣦ䜢ᕥྑ䛻䜚䚸ᛣ㬆䜛䚹ᐊෆ䜢Ṍ䛝 䜎䜟䜚䛺䛜䜙䜆䛴䜆䛴ゝ䛖䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ▷ᮇⓗ 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ ▷ᮇⓗ 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ䠄⥆䠅 1. ┦ᡭ䛿ᭀຊ䛾ఱ䜢ዲ䜣䛷䛔䜛䠛 1. ᭀຊ䛾᭱୰䜔ᚋ䚸┦ᡭ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᴦ䛧䛔 Ẽศ䜢ᢪ䛔䛶䛔䜛䠛 ⮬ศ䛿೧䛔䚸ᙉ䛔䛸ᛮ䛘䜛䚹 ± ኤ㣤䜢‽ഛ䛧䛶䛟䜜䜛䚹 ± ⮬ศ䛜᭱ඃඛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸ᛮ䛘䜛䚹 ඃ䛻❧䛳䛯Ẽศ䚸‶㊊ 1. ᭀຊ䛾᭱୰䜔ᚋ䚸┦ᡭ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᴦ䛧䛔⪃䛘䜢 ᢪ䛔䛶䛔䜛䠛 䛣䜜䛷㌟䛾⛬䜢▱䛳䛯䛰䜝䛖䚹 ᙜ↛䛾䛣䛸䛺䛾䛻ᡭ㛫䜢ྲྀ䜙䛫䜔䛜䛳䛶䚹 ± Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 116 − 㛗ᮇⓗ 䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ䠄⥆䠅 㛗ᮇⓗ 䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ c) ឤ: ⚾䛜⭡䜢❧䛶䛶䛔䜛䛛䜙ᙼ䜒⭡䜢❧䛶䜛 䠄Ᏻ䠅 d) ἲᚊ: e) : ྠ䛻▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛿䛸Ᏻ䛻ᛮ䛳 䛶䛔䜛 f) 㔠㖹: g) 䛭䛾: ௨ୗ䛾䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ศ㔝䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ษ䛺ே 䛾ᭀຊ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᯝ䜢䜒䛯 䜙䛩䛷䛧䜗䛖䠛 a) ᑐே㛵ಀ: ⚾䛾ᙼ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᩗព䛿ኻ䜟䜜䜛 䛧䜀䜙䛟ᙼ䛸ཱྀ䜢䛝䛛䛺䛟䛺䜛䚹 ᙼ䛿㞳፧䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻䛚䜃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹 b) ㌟య: Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ṇ䛾ᙉ ඹ䞉䞉䞉䠛 䠄Positive Reinforcement) vs. 䜲䝛䞊䝤䝸䞁䜾 • ඹ౫Ꮡ䛸䛔䛖ゝⴥ䛿◊✲⤖ᯝ䛾✚䜏㔜䛽䛛 ᨭᣢ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔 (Hurcom, & Orford, 䜙䛿ᨭ 2000; Paolino, McCrady & Kogan, 1978). • 䜲䝛䞊䝤䝸䞁䜾:㣧㓇䞉⸆≀⏝⾜Ⅽ䜢ቑ㛗䛧 䛯䜚䚸⥅⥆䛥䛫䜛せᅉ䛸䛺䜛䚸CSO䛜↓ព㆑ 䛾䛖䛱䛻ྲྀ䛳䛶䛔䜛⾜ື • William Millerⴭ 䇾Treating Addiction: A guide for professionals.” (2011)䜘䜚 • CRAFT䛾๓ྥ䛝䛺ಁ㐍䠖 㠀㣧㓇䞉⸆≀㠀 ⏝䠄♫ⓗάື䠅⾜Ⅽ䛾せᅉ䛸䛺䜛䚸CSO䛜 ྲྀ䜛⾜ື Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ඹ䞉䞉䞉䠛 • ౫Ꮡ䛾ே䚻䛾㓄അ⪅䜔ᐙ᪘䛾䛂ఱ䛛䛜䛚 䛛䛧䛔䛃䛺䛹䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢❧ド䛩䜛⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ 䛿䛺䛔䚹 • William Millerⴭ 䇾Treating Addiction: A guide for professionals.” (2011) ᙼዪ䛿⣲ᬕ䜙䛧䛔䜒䛾䜢䛩䜉䛶ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛 ᙼዪ䛿䛻ᚲせ䛺䜒䛾䜢䛩䜉䛶ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛 䛜㓉䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸䛝䛿㐠㌿䛧䛶䛽 䛜䝇䝢䞊䝗㐪䛧䛯䜙⨩㔠䜢ᡶ䛳䛶䛽 • ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ䛾Ḟዴ䛛䜙䚸⡿ᅜ⢭⚄་Ꮫ䛿 ⢭⚄ᝈ䛾ศ㢮䛸デ᩿䛾ᡭᘬ䠄DSM)䛻ඹ౫ Ꮡ䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ᣄྰ䛧䛯䚹 “Sugar Magnolia” The Grateful Dead Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 117 − ṇ䛾ᙉ䛾ά⏝ 䠄ሗ㓘䠅 ṇ䛾ᙉ䛾ά⏝ • ⸆≀⏝䠄䜎䛯䛿㠀⏝䠅䛻ᑐ䛩䜛CSO䛾⌧ ᅾ䛾ᛂ䛻䛴䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛖 • ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䠄⤖ᮎ䠅䛛䜙ሗ䜢ᚓ䜛 • 䛾᪉ἲ䛿ຠᯝⓗ䠛ู䛾᪉ἲ䜢ヨ䛧䛯䛔䠛 • ṇ䛾ᙉ䜢ᚋᢲ䛧䛩䜛ᙉᏊ䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄝ᫂ 䛩䜛 • 㓑䜘䜚⻏⻤䜢䛖᪉䛜䛯䛟䛥䜣䛾⼚䛜䛴 䛛䜎䜛䠄ே䛾ㄝᚓ䛿ᰂ䜙䛛䛟䚸䜎䛯㛫᥋ ⓗ䛻䠅 • ሗ㓘䛿䚸䛭䜜䜢ཷ䛡䜛䜉䛝ே䛜ᮏᙜ䛻 ḧ䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛷䛺䛡䜜䜀ሗ㓘䛻䛿䛺䜙 䛺䛔 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ṇ䛾ᙉ䜢ಁ䛩 ᙉᏊ䛾㑅ᢥ䠃IP䛾⾜ື 䛒䜛䜿䞊䝇䛻䛴䛔䛶 • ㈝⏝䛾䛛䛛䜙䛺䛔䚸IP䛻䛸䛳䛶䛾ᙉᏊ䜢䛔䛟䛴䛛 ≉ᐃ䛩䜛 • ᙉ䛩䜉䛝IP䛾㠀⏝⾜ື䛻䛴䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛖 • ሗ㓘䜢䜂䛸䛴䚸IP䛾⾜ື䜢䜂䛸䛴Ỵ䜑䜛 • ሗ㓘㐺⏝䛾ᐇ⾜ィ⏬䜢❧䛶䜛 • ⌮ⓗ䛺䝅䝏䝳䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁䠄ᚲ䛪䛧䜒ᚲせ䛷䛿䛺䛔䠅䠖 ᆺⓗ䛺⸆≀⏝䝅䝏䝳䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻➇ྜ䛩䜛䜒䛾 • ᐈᐊົဨ䛸䛭䛾ጜጒ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CSO䛜⏝⪅䛻 ሗ㓘䜢䛘䜛㝿䛾㞀ᐖ ᙉᏊ䛚䜘䜃 ሗ㓘䜢䛘䜛䜉䛝⾜ື䛾䛿䠛 • ⏝⪅䛻ඃ䛧䛟䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖CSO䜢ㄝᚓ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛸䛿䠛 • CSO䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏⥅⥆䛻㝿䛧䛶⒪⪅䛜┤㠃䛩䜛ၥ㢟䛸䛿䠛 • ⱔ❧䛱䜢ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜛CSO䛻䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺సᴗ䜢䜔䛳䛶䜒䜙䛔䛺 䛜䜙䜒䚸䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䜢᫂䜛䛟๓ྥ䛝䛻ಖ䛴᪉ἲ䛿䠛 CSO䛻䛸䛳䛶䛾ሗ㓘䜢 ఱ䛛ᛮ䛔䛴䛝䜎䛩䛛䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 118 − IP䛾䛺Ⰻ䛔⾜ື䛾 ᶵ⬟ศᯒ • IP䛾㠀⏝䠄䛺䠅⾜ື䜢䜂䛸䛴㑅䜃䚸 ヲ⣽䜢ᚓ䜛 • IP䛾⌧ᅾ䛾ᘬ䛝㔠䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 • 䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䠄ᑐฎ䛜ᚲせ䛺 㞀ᐖ䛿䠛䠅 • 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ䜢䝸䝇䝖䛻䛒䛢䜛䠄ᙉᏊ 䛿䠛䠅 ษ䛺ே䛾ᐇ䜚䛒䜛䛺⾜ື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛CRAFTᶵ⬟ศᯒ እⓗᘬ䛝㔠 ෆⓗᘬ䛝㔠 ᐇ䜚䛒䜛䛺 ⾜ື 㞀ᐖ䛸䛺䜛䜒䛾 䞉ษ䛺ே䛜䠄⾜ື䠅 䜢䛩䜛䛸䛝䜘䛟୍⥴ 䛻䛔䜛䛾䛿ㄡ䠛 䞉ษ䛺ே䛿䠄⾜ື䠅 䜢䛩䜛┤๓ఱ䜢⪃䛘 䛶䛔䜛䠛 䞉ᐇ䜚䛒䜛䛺⾜ື 䛿 ఱ䠛 䠄ㄡ䠅䛸୍⥴䛻䠄⾜ື䠅䛩 䜛䛣䛸䛾ఱ䜢᎘䛳䛶䛔 䜛䠛 䞉䠄⾜ື䠅䜢䛩䜛䛾䛿 䛹䛣䠛 䞉䠄⾜ື䠅䜢䛩䜛┤๓ ఱ䜢ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛䠛 䞉䛭䜜䜢䛩䜛㢖ᗘ䛿䠛 䞉䛭䜜䛿䛹䜜䛟䜙䛔䛾 㛫⥅⥆䛥䜜䜛䠛 䞉䠄⾜ື䠅䜢䛩䜛䛾䛿 䛔䛴䠛 䠄ሙᡤ䠅䛷䠄⾜ື䠅䛩䜛䛣 䛸䛾ఱ䜢᎘䛳䛶䛔䜛䠛 䠄䛔䛴䠅䠄⾜ື䠅䛩䜛䛣䛸 䛾ఱ䜢᎘䛳䛶䛔䜛䠛 䠄⾜ື䠅䛧䛶䛔䜛㛫䛹䛾 䜘䛖䛺᎘䛺⪃䛘䜢ᢪ䛘䛶 䛔䜛䠛 䠄⾜ື䠅䛧䛶䛔䜛㛫䛹䛾 䜘䛖䛺᎘䛺Ẽศ䜢ᢪ䛘䛶 䛔䜛䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors 㛗ᮇⓗ䛺 䝫䝆䝔䜲䝤䛺⤖ ᮎ ௨ୗ䛾䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ศ 㔝䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ษ䛺 ே䛾䠄⾜ື䠅䛿䛹䛾䜘 䛖䛺䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᯝ 䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩䛷䛧䜗䛖䠛 䠄┦ᡭ䜒ྠព䛩䜛䛸ᛮ 䛖䛣䛸䠅䠖 㼍㻚㻌ᑐே㛵ಀ 㼎㻚㻌㌟య 㼏㻚㻌⢭⚄ 㼐㻚㻌ἲᚊ 㼑㻚㻌 㼓㻚㻌㔠㖹 㼔㻚㻌䛭䛾 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors CRAFT Functional Analysis of Enjoyable, Healthy Behavior • ᆺⓗ䝟䝍䞊䞁䠖IP䛿䜋䜌ẖ᪥䛾ᚋ䜺䝺䞊䝆䛷 䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘䜢྾䛳䛶䛔䜛 • 䛸䛝䛹䛝ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛺⾜ື䠖䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘䜢྾䛖௦䜟 䜚䛻ᆅୗ䛷䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉䝖䝺䞊䝙䞁䜾䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄㐌1䠈2 㛫䠅 • 䛣䜜䛿㑅ᢥ⫥䛸䛧䛶㐺ษ䛺⾜ື䛛䠛 • 䛣䛾IP䛾䛷Ⰻ䛔ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾 䛛䠛 እⓗᘬ䛝㔠 ෆⓗᘬ䛝㔠 䞉ษ䛺ே䛜䠄䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉 䝸䝣䝔䜱䞁䜾䠅䜢䛩䜛䛸䛝 䜘䛟୍⥴䛻䛔䜛䛾䛿 ㄡ䠛 ᬑẁ䛿䜂䛸䜚䈈 䛸䛝䛹䛝ᜥᏊ䛸୍⥴䛻䈈 䞉䠄䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉䝸䝣䝔䜱䞁䜾䠅 䜢䛩䜛䛾䛿䛹䛣䠛 ᆅୗ䈈 䞉䠄䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉䝸䝣䝔䜱䞁䜾䠅 䜢䛩䜛䛾䛿䛔䛴䠛 䛜⤊䜟䛳䛶䛩䛠䈈 䞉ษ䛺ே䛿䠄䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉䝸 䝣䝔䜱䞁䜾䠅䜢䛩䜛┤๓ఱ 䜢⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䠛 䛷䛔䜙䛔䜙䛩䜛䚹 ᎘䛺ያ䜙䜀䛛䜚䛰䚹 䞉䠄䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉䝸䝣䝔䜱䞁䜾䠅 䜢䛩䜛┤๓ఱ䜢ឤ䛨䛶䛔 䜛䠛 ᛣ䜛ୖྖ䚸ྠ䚸䝇䝖䝺 䝇䈈 • 䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘ႚ↮䛻௦䜟䜛䛣䛾䛺⾜ື䛾㑅ᢥ䛻 CSO䛿䛹䛖ᙳ㡪䜢䛘䜛䛛䠛 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ᐇ䜚䛒䜛䛺 ⾜ື ▷ᮇⓗ䛺 䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᮎ 䞉ᐇ䜚䛒䜛䛺⾜ື䛿 䠄ㄡ䠅䛸୍⥴䛻䠄䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉䝸䝣 䝔䜱䞁䜾䠅䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾ఱ䜢᎘䛳 㡢ᴦ䜢⫈䛝䛺䛜䜙䜴䜵䜲 䝖䞉䝸䝣䝔䜱䞁䜾䜢䛩䜛䚹 䞉䛭䜜䜢䛩䜛㢖ᗘ䛿䠛 㐌㻞ᅇ 䞉䛭䜜䛿䛹䜜䛟䜙䛔䛾㛫⥅ ⥆䛥䜜䜛䠛 㻠㻡ศ㛫 䛶䛔䜛䠛 ఱ䠛 ୍ே䛷䛿㏥ᒅ䛻ᛮ䛖䈈 ᜥᏊ䛜㑧㨱䈈 䠄ሙᡤ䠅䛷䠄䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉䝸䝣䝔䜱 䞁䜾䠅䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾ఱ䜢᎘䛳䛶䛔 䜛䠛 ᜥᏊ䛜ୗ䜚䛶䛝䛶㑧㨱䜢䛩 䜛䚹 䠄䛔䛴䠅䠄䜴䜵䜲䝖䞉䝸䝣䝔䜱䞁 䜾䠅䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾ఱ䜢᎘䛳䛶䛔 䜛䠛 ⑂䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸䛝䛜䛒䜛 ✵⭡ 䠄⾜ື䠅䛧䛶䛔䜛㛫䛹䛾䜘䛖 䛺᎘䛺⪃䛘䜢ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠛 ③䛔 䜒䛳䛸㘫䛘䛯䛔䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䜛 䛾䛻䛷䛝䛶䛔䛺䛔 䛾䛫䛔䛷Ṛ䛻䛭䛖䛰 䠄⾜ື䠅䛧䛶䛔䜛㛫䛹䛾䜘䛖 䛺᎘䛺Ẽศ䜢ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠛 ⫗యⓗⱞ③ 䝇䝖䝺䝇 㛗ᮇⓗ䛺 䝫䝆䝔䜲䝤䛺⤖ ᮎ ௨ୗ䛾䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ศ㔝 䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ษ䛺ே䛾 䠄⾜ື䠅䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䝫䝆 䝔䜱䝤䛺⤖ᯝ䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩 䛷䛧䜗䛖䠛䠄┦ᡭ䜒ྠព䛩 䜛䛸ᛮ䛖䛣䛸䠅䠖 㼍㻚㻌ᑐே㛵ಀ ཱྀㄽ䛜ῶ䜛 㼎㻚㻌㌟య ᗣ䛻Ⰻ䛔 እぢ䛜Ⰻ䛟䛺䜛 㼏㻚㻌⢭⚄ ᛣ䜚䞉䝇䝖䝺䝇䛜ῶ䜛 㼐㻚㻌ἲᚊ 㐪ἲ䛷䛺䛔 㼑㻚㻌 䝇䝖䝺䝇せᅉ䛻䛴䛔䛶 ኤ᪉ヰ䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷 䛾䝇䝖䝺䝇䛜ゎᾘ䛥䜜䜛 㼓㻚㻌㔠㖹 ㈝⏝䛜䛛䛛䜙䛺䛔 㼔㻚㻌䛭䛾 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ၥ㢟ゎỴ ṇ䛾ᙉ䛛䜙䛾䝍䜲䝮䜰䜴䝖䠖 䜂䜔䜚 ⥥ᐦ䛻ၥ㢟䜢ᐃ⩏䛩䜛 ྍ⬟䛺ゎỴ⟇䜢䝤䝺䜲䞁䝇䝖䞊䝭䞁䜾䛩䜛 ዲ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔䜢๐㝖䛩䜛 ゎỴ⟇ೃ⿵䜢䜂䛸䛴㑅䜆 ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾䛒䜛㞀ᐖ䜢⪃䛘䜛 ྛ㞀ᐖ䛻ᑐฎ䛩䜛 ㄢ㢟䜢䛘䜛 ⤖ᯝ䜢ุᐃ䛩䜛 • IP䛜䜃㣧㓇䞉⏝䜢ጞ䜑䛯䜙ṇ䛾ᙉ䜢ྲྀ 䜚䜔䜑䜛 • ྲྀ䜚䜔䜑䜛䜉䛝ᙉᏊ䠄ሗ㓘䠅䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 • IP䛿ྲྀ䜚ୗ䛢䜙䜜䛯ሗ㓘䜢ᝰ䛧䛜䜛䛛䠛 • ሗ㓘䜢ྲྀ䜚䜔䜑䜛ㄽ⌮ⓗ᰿ᣐ䛾ఏ䛘᪉䜢 CSO䛻ᩍ䛘䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 119 − ᙜ↛䛾⤖ᮎ䛾チᐜ ⏝䛧䛯䛣䛸䛾ᙜ↛䛾⤖ᮎ䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 • 㣧㓇䞉⏝䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛CSO䛾↓ព㆑ⓗ䝃䝫 䞊䝖䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛 • ᚲせ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䠄⤖ᮎ䠅䜢ཧ↷ • ୍⯡ⓗ䛺䜢䛒䛢䜛䠖 • 䝅䝏䝳䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢䜂䛸䛴㑅䜆 • ᙜ↛䛾ὶ䜜䛸䛿䠄㈇䛾⤖ᯝ䠛䠅 • 䛭䜜䜢ᐜㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷⏕䛨䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾䛒䜛ၥ 㢟䛿䠄Ᏻ䠛䜋䛹䜘䛔䠛䠅 • ᚲせ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶ၥ㢟ゎỴ䜢䛩䜛 – ኪ㐜䛟㓉䛳䛶ᖐᏯ䛧䛯IP䛾䛯䜑䛻ኤ㣗䜢 䜑┤䛧 䛶䛒䛢䛯 – ᪥㓉䛔䛾IP䛾䛯䜑䛻⫋ሙ䛻Ḟ㐃⤡䜢䛧䛶䛒 䛢䛯 – ᐙ᪘䛠䜛䜏䛾䛝ྜ䛔䛾ே䛻䛯䛔䛧䛶IP䜢䛛 䜀䛖ゝ䛔ヂ䜢䛧䛯 Do not use slides without written • 䛂ᙜ↛䛾⤖ᮎ䛃䜢⏕䛨䛥䛫䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸⾜ື䜢ኚ 䛘䜛䛯䜑䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲 䛩䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors permission of the authors Case Illustration 䠖ᙜ↛䛾⤖ᮎ䜢⏕䛨䛥䛫䜛 • ⸆≀䜢⏝䛧䛶䛔䛯IP䛿ኪ᭦䛡䛻㏆ᡤ䛾ᐙ 䛾⚾㐨䛻㥔㌴䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸ᐙே䛜㌴䜢ฟ䛩䛣䛸 䛜䛷䛝䛪䚸CSO䛜㌴䜢ື䛛䛧䛻⾜䛳䛯 • ᅵ᭙䛾῝ኪ䚸㓉䛳䛯∗ぶ䜢ፉ䠄CSO)䛜䝫䞊䜹 䞊ሙ䜎䛷㏄䛘䛻⾜䛳䛯 䜸䝛䝅䝵䜢䛩䜛䛚∗䛥䜣 • 䜏䛺䛥䜣䛸ඹ᭷䛷䛝䜛䜢䛚ᣢ䛱䛾᪉䛿䛔䜙 䛳䛧䜓䛔䜎䛩䛛䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ⒪䛾ᥦ䠖ᴫせ CSO䛜䛘䜛ືᶵ䛵䛡䛂䝣䝑䜽䛃 IP䛿: • ㎿㏿䛺ึデ䛾‽ഛ䜢䛩䜛䠄24䠉48㛫௨ෆ 䛻IP䜢デᐹ䛩䜛䠅 • ヰ䜢䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䛩䜛䠄䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙 䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䠃ၥ㢟ゎỴ䛾ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䜛䠅 • 㔜せ䛺ືᶵ䛵䛡䛂䝣䝑䜽䛃䠄䛿ᚋ㏙䠅 • ⤯ዲ䛾䝏䝱䞁䝇䛻䛴䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛖 • デ⒪ᡤእ䠄䝇䝍䞊䝞䝑䜽䝇➼䠅䛷䚸㠀බᘧ䛻CSO䛾䝉 䝷䝢䝇䝖䛻䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛 • IP䛰䛡䛾䠄ู䛾䠅䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛜䛔䛶䜒Ⰻ䛔 • 䛂䝃䞁䝥䝹䛃⒪䠄1ᅇ䛰䛡ཷデ䛧䛶䜏䜛…䠛䠅 • 䝁䞁䝣䝻䞁䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䜔ᢈุ䜢䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛿Ỵ䛧䛶䛺 䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢ヰ䛩 • 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䞉⸆≀௨እ䛾ヰ㢟䛻↔Ⅼ䜢ᙜ䛶䜛䠄䠖 䚸㨚䚸䝇䝖䝺䝇䚸ᛣ䜚䠅 • IP䜢⒪䛻᮶䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛾ಁ㐍䛻䛺䜚䛭䛖䛺 ᙉᏊ䜢ぢ䛴䛡䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 120 − ⤯ዲ䛾䝏䝱䞁䝇 䛂䝣䝑䜽䛃䚸⤯ዲ䛾䝏䝱䞁䝇䚸䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿 䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ᵓᡂ䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䠖 • IP䛜⸆≀䛻㛵䛩䜛䛂༴ᶵ䛃䜢ᚋ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸䛝 䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛧䜔䛩䛔䠛 • CSO䛾䝉䝷䝢䞊䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛛IP䛿ᑜ䛽 䛶䛟䜛䠛 • 䛺䛬᭱㏆CSO䛾ែᗘ䛜ኚ䜟䛳䛯䛾䛛IP䛜▱ 䜚䛯䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠛 • ⚾䛯䛱䜒䛖10ᖺ䛾䛝ྜ䛔䛻䛺䜛䛡䜜䛹䚸䛣䜜䛛䜙䜒 䛣䛾䜎䜎⥆䛟䛸䛔䛔䛺䚹䛷䜒᭱㏆ᚰ㓄䛜䛒䛳䛶䝉䝷䝢 䝇䝖䛾ᡤ䛻⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䚹 • ୍ᗘ䛰䛡䚸⚾䛸୍⥴䛻ཷデ䛩䜛䛛䚸䛒䛺䛯䜂䛸䜚䛷ู 䛾䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛸ヰ䜢䛧䛶䜏䜛Ẽ䛿䛺䛔䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors • 䛷䝇䝖䝺䝇䛜ከ䛟䛶䜲䝷䜲䝷䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛽䚹 䛒䛺䛯䛾䛣䛸䛜ษ䛰䛛䜙ᚰ㓄䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䚹 䛾䝇䝖䝺䝇䛾ᑐฎἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄡ䛛䛻┦ㄯ 䛧䛶䜏䛺䛔䠛䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛳䛶䛹䜣䛺䛣䛸䛷䜒⪺ 䛔䛶䛟䜜䜛䛧䚸䛒䛺䛯䛜᎘䛺䜙䝗䝷䝑䜾䛾ヰ䜢 䛩䜛ᚲせ䜒䛺䛔䛾䜘䚹 • 䜒䛳䛸᪩䛟ヰ䛫䜀Ⰻ䛛䛳䛯䜣䛰䛡䛹䚸3㐌㛫䛟 䜙䛔๓䛛䜙䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛾ᡤ䛻㏻䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䜘䚸 ⚾䛯䛱䛾㛵ಀ䛜ᚰ㓄䛰䛳䛯䛛䜙䚹䜒䛧䛒䛺䛯 䛜୍⥴䛻᮶䛶䛟䜜䛯䜙ᮏᙜ䛻䛖䜜䛧䛔䚹୍ᗘ 䛰䛡䛷䛔䛔䛾䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors • 䛒䛺䛯䛻䛸䛳䛶ᐙ᪘䛜䛹䜜䜋䛹ษ䛛▱䛳䛶 䛔䜛䛛䜙䚸䛰䛛䜙䛣䛭⚾䛜⒪䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛 䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛻䛒䛺䛯䜒䛳䛶䜋䛧䛔䛸ᛮ䛳䛯䛾 䜘䚹ᢈุ䛥䜜䛯䜚䚸䛒䛺䛯䛜䛧䛯䛟䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢䜔 䜙䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛿⤯ᑐ䛻䛺䛔ሙᡤ䜘䚹 • ⚾䛜䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛾ᡤ䛻⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿䚸䛒䛺 䛯䛜䛚㓇䜢㣧䜐䛸䛸䛶䜒ᝒ䛧䛟䛶ᐢ䛧䛟䛺䜛䛛 䜙䛺䛾䚹୍⥴䛻䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䛾ᡤ䛻ヰ䛧䜢䛧䛻⾜ 䛳䛶䜋䛧䛔䛾䚸୍ᗘ䛰䛡䚹䜒䛧᎘䛰䛸ᛮ䛳䛯䜙 ᅇ┠䛿⾜䛛䛺䛟䛶䜒䛔䛔䛛䜙䚹 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 121 − IP⒪䛻㛵䛩䜛␃ព㡯 • • • • • సᴗ䛿䜎䛰⤊䜟䛳䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣… • ⒪ᣄྰ䜔㏵୰⬺ⴠ䚸Ⓨ䛺䛹䛻ᑐ䛧䛶CSO䜢ഛ 䛘䛥䛫䜛 ᰿ᣐ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟⒪ CRAFT䛸㐺ྜᛶ䛾䛒䜛䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䠄ㄆ▱⾜ື䠛䠅 ኵ፬䠄䜹䝑䝥䝹䠅䝉䝷䝢䞊䛻ᑐᛂྍ⬟䛺䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖䠛 㡰␒ᚅ䛱䝸䝇䝖䠛 ㈝⏝䚸ಖ㝤䚸ᮇ㛫䚸㢖ᗘ䠛 • ኵ፬䠄䜹䝑䝥䝹䠅䝉䝷䝢䞊䛸䛧䛶IP䛾⒪䛻CSO䜒ཧ ຍ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ዡບ䛩䜛 • 㛛ᡞ㛤ᨺ⩏䠄䜸䞊䝥䞁䞉䝗䜰䞉䝫䝸䝅䞊䠅 • 䜘䜚Ⰻ䛔ே⏕䛾䛯䜑䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䝥䝻䝉䝇䝽䞊䜽䜢せ 䛩䜛ၥ㢟䛜䛻䜒䛒䜛䠛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ⤖ㄽ CRAFT䛾Win-Win䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏 • ᙜึ䛿㠀ពḧⓗ䞉ᣄ⤯ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟䜢ᢪ䛘 䜛㣧㓇⪅䞉⸆≀⏝⪅䛷䜒䚸CRAFT䛾䝖 䝺䞊䝙䞁䜾䜢ཷ䛡䛯CSO䜢䛧䛶⒪䜢 㛤ጞ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛 • CSO䛾ᶵ⬟䛿䚸⒪≧ἣ䛻㛵䜟䜙䛪ᨵ ၿ䛩䜛 • 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䞉⸆≀⏝⪅䛜⒪㛤ጞ䛧䜘 䛖䛸䛭䛖䛷䛺䛛䜝䛖䛸䚸CSO䛾♫ᚰ⌮ ⓗᶵ⬟䛿ྥୖ䛩䜛 • 10ே୰7ே䛾䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䞉⸆≀⏝⪅䛿 ⒪䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛 Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors ୍⯡ྥ䛡ⴭ᭩ Guilford Pressฟ∧ 䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖ྥ䛡ⴭ᭩ Do not use slides without written permission of the authors Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 122 − CRAFTㄆᐃ㈨᱁ • • • • • 㐃⤡ඛ Certification for Therapists Certification for Supervisors in CRAFT Certification for Trainers in CRAFT www.robertjmeyersphd.com ཧ↷ ୗグ䛾䝯䞊䝹䜰䝗䝺䝇䛻䝯䞊䝹ၥ䛔ྜ䜟䛫ྍ • • • • Do not use slides without written permission of the authors [email protected] www.robertjmeyersphd.com Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Do not use slides without written permission of the authors − 123 − 5RR]HQẶࡼࡿㅮ₇㈨ᩱ A/ CRA/ FTࡢ␎ㄒ ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉ ᐙ᪘カ⦎㸦CRAFT㸧ࡢṔྐ September 7th 2015, Tokyo Japan Hendrik G. Roozen, PhD Professor in Addiction Tranzo / Tilburg University Postbox 90153 5000 LE Tilburg The Netherlands &5$)7 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘カ⦎ &5$ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ &62 ,3 㔜せ࡞㛵ಀ⪅ ᝈ⪅ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡓே 㸦≀㉁⏝⪅㸧 ⒪㛤ጞ (QJDJHPHQW ་⒪⾜ືⓗせ⣲ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ “⸆≀⏝ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᭱ࡶຠᯝⓗ࡞⒪ ἲࡣࠊ౫Ꮡࡢ་Ꮫⓗせ⣲⾜ືⓗせ ⣲ࢆ⤫ྜࡋࠊ་⒪ࡽ⾜ື⒪ἲࠊ♫ ⓗᨭ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢ⒪せ⣲ࢆ⤌ ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ” ౫Ꮡ⒪࠾ࡅࡿ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥ 3ULQFLSOHVRI(IIHFWLYH'UXJ$GGLFWLRQ7UHDWPHQW1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRQ'UXJ$EXVH1,'$. ࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥ • FDA㸦Food and Drug Administration㸸㣗ရ་⸆ရᒁ㸧ࡣࠊ࢜ ࣆ࢜ࢻࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ౫Ꮡࡢ୧᪉ࢆᢎㄆࡋࡓ • ࢜ࣆ࢜ࢻࣝࢥ࣮ࣝࡢ⏝ࡼࡿෆᅉᛶࡢ⸆⌮Ꮫⓗ≉ᛶ ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿᙉࢆᢚไࡍࡿ • ࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥࡢຠᯝ: – Ῥᮃ㝡㓉ឤࡢ㍍ῶ – ᩿⸆ࡢಁ㐍 − 127 − ࢜ࣆ࢜ࢻࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ౫Ꮡࡢ⥔ᣢ⒪ἲ࠾ࡅࡿ ࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥࡢ᭷ຠᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ⣔⤫ⓗࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ ࢜ࣆ࢜ࢻ⟶⌮࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥ ࣉࣛࢭ࣎ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥࡢຠᯝࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ ࡼࡾࡶࠊ㏫ຠᯝ1 ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ౫Ꮡᛶ⒪࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥࡢ ຠ⬟⪏ᛶ㸸⤒ཱྀὀᑕ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ࡛ࣛࣜࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥࢆ᭹⸆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ᝈ⪅ࡢࢃࡎ4㸣ࡋ6ࣨ᭶ᚋ⒪ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡇ ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ2 ᭹⸆㑂Ᏺࡣࠊ⒪⤖ᯝࢆᝏࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ1. Roozen et al European Neuropsychopharmacology (2006) National Drug and Alcohol research Centre, (2001). ᭹⸆㑂Ᏺ • • ᭹⸆㑂Ᏺ㸸ᚰ⌮♫ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ⸆≀⒪ἲ࡛ࡢ᭹⸆㑂Ᏺࡢᝏࡉࡣࠊ≀㉁⏝㞀ᐖࢆᣢ ࡘᝈ⪅ࡢከࡃㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ ⒪ୖࡢ┈ࢆᦆ࡞ࢃࡏࠊ༑ศ࡞⤖ᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ(c.f. Haynes 2001; O’Brien & McLellan, 1996; Weiss, 2004) ࡲࡓࠊ᭹⸆㑂ᏲࡢḞዴࡣࠊ⸆ࡢ⮫ᗋⓗ౯್ࢆไ㝈 ࡍࡿせ࡞せᅉぢ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ • ಶࠎࡢධࡣࠊㄆ▱ືᶵ࡙ࡅ⒪ἲ⾜ືኚᐜࡢࣉ ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ≉ࠊẼࡸ⸆ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᝈ⪅ࡢ ಙᛕࡸែᗘࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ (Patel & David, 2004) • ⓗࢆ⤠ࡗࡓ⾜ື⒪ἲࡣࠊ⏝ྍ⬟࡞⸆≀⒪ἲࡢ᭷⏝ ᛶࢆᗈࡆࡿୖ࡛ከࡃࡢᙺࢆᢸ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ (Carroll et al., 2002) ➨ࡢ◊✲㸸࢜ࣆ࢜ࢻ⟶⌮࠾ࡅࡿ CRA㸤ࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥ ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࡢ᭱ึࡢ◊✲㸸࢜ࣆ࢜ࢻ⟶⌮ ࠾ࡅࡿCRAࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥ • ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫࢱࢹ (n=24)ࠊpre-post ࢹࢨࣥ㸹 • ᩿⸆ࢆ┠ᶆ㸹 • ࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㞟୰ⓗࠊ༙እ᮶ᆺࡢᛴ㏿࢜ ࣆ࢜ࢻゎẘ • እ᮶᮲௳࠾࠸࡚ࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ CRAᇶ࡙ࡃࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ᩿⸆: – 6ࣧ᭶ᚋ: 14/24 – 12ࣧ᭶ᚋ: 12/22 ᛴ㏿࢜ࣆ࢜ࢻゎẘ㸦㯞㓉ࡢ᭷ࡾࠊ↓ࡋ୧᪉㸧 ࣜࣁࣅࣜࢹ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ:ࢼࣝࢺࣞ࢟ࢯࣥ+ CRAࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ ከタ◊✲ (n=272) CRA⒪ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ (10 ࣨ᭶⒪) : – 10ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣᚰ⌮࢝࢘ࣥࢭ࣮ࣛᢸᙜ – 13ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣ་ᖌࡀᢸᙜ Roozen et al European Addiction Research (2003) − 128 − Ⓨࡋࡓ⩌ẚ㍑ࡋࡓᨵၿⅬ ᩿⸆ࡢ⣼✚㸣 • ⏕άࡢ㉁㸦QOL㸧 • Ῥᮃ • ⯡ⓗ࡞⢭⚄⌮ • ࡢྥ⢭⚄⸆ⓗ౫Ꮡ ᭶ • ౫Ꮡࡢ㔜ᗘ De Jong et al American Journal on Addictions (2007) De Jong et al American Journal on Addictions (2007) A/ CRA/ FT㸸⿵ⓗ࡞⒪ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ≀㉁⏝⪅ࡑࡢ㔜せ࡞㛵ಀ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟㡿ᇦ 100 ⢭⚄ᝈࡢ‘⒪ࢠࣕࢵࣉ’ : ⒪୰ࡢࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ౫Ꮡ⪅<10% ! ⒪ࢆᚲせࡋࠊࡑࡢᚲせᛶࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ12ṓ௨ୖࡢே ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓࠊ㐣ཤࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ⒪ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤㸸 2004㹼2007 90 ࣃ勖ࢭࣥࢸ勖ࢪ 80 42.0 ⏝୰Ṇࡍࡿ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 70 ㈝⏝㸭ಖ㝤㞀ቨ 60 ♫ⓗ೫ぢ 50 ࢡࢭࢫ 40 ⒪ࡀᚲせ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓ㸭 ⒪ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶኵࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ 11.6 ⒪࡛ࡁࡿሙᡤࡀศࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ 11.1 30 㛫ࡀ↓ࡗࡓ 20 10 0 Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Major depression Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Alcohol abuse/dependence 34.5 18.8 11.7 4.1 ⒪ࡣᙺ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ 3.1 ࡑࡢࡢ㞀ቨ 3.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 Percent WHOࡼࡿ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᅪࡢ⒪ࢠࣕࢵࣉ(%)ࡢ୰ኸ್᥎ᐃ SAMHSA 2007, National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Kohn et al. (2004). Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82 (11): 858-866. − 129 − 12ࢫࢸࢵࣉࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ CSOࡢࡓࡵࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ධ (Al-AnonࠊNar-Anon) • ‘ศ㞳ࢆឡ⏝ࡍࡿ’ • 12ࢫࢸࢵࣉࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ • ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ◊✲ᡤᘧධ • ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫ࢝࢘ࣥࢭࣜࣥࢢ • ఱࡶࡋ࡞࠸ • IPࡢ⾜ືࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇࡢCSOࡢ↓ຊࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ • CSOࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ • ◊✲⤖ᯝ㸸48㸣ࡢIPࡀ⒪ཧຍࡋ 㸤 (Dittrich & Trapold, 1984). 39㸣ࡀ㞳፧ ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ◊✲ᡤᘧධ IPࡣ“ወくࣃ࣮ࢸ”┤㠃ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿ • CSOࡢࢃࡎ29㸣ࡀカ⦎ࢆ⤊ • 24㸣ࡢIPࡀ⒪ཧຍࡍࡿ(Liepman et al., 1989). ධ࠸࠺࡞ࢇ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇࡸࡗ࡚ࡿࡽࡋ࠸ࡐ CRAFT-◊✲㸸RCT CRAFTࡢ3ࡘࡢせ࡞┠ᶆ ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝၥ㢟ᑐࡍࡿ⒪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢపࡉྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ㸸 ᐙ᪘ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡓධࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸱ࡘࡢ᪉␎ࡢẚ㍑ Created & Developed by Robert J. Meyers, Ph.D. & Jane Ellen Smith, Ph.D. • IP㸦ᝈ⪅ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡓே㸧ࡢ᭷ᐖ࡞㣧㓇ࢆపῶ; • ឤࠊ㌟యࠊ㛵ಀᛶࠊ࡞࡞ࡢ㠃࠾ࡅࡿ CSO 㸦㔜せ࡞㛵ಀ⪅㸧ࡢᶵ⬟ࡢ㉁ࡢᨵၿ • IPࢆ⒪⧅ࡆࡿ − 130 − CRAFT-A◊✲㸸130ேࡢCSO • Al-Anonࣇࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⒪㸦AFT㸧 • ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ◊✲ᡤᘧධ㸦JII㸧 • ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘カ⦎㸦CRAFT㸧 • ࡍ࡚ࡢධࡣ⮬㌟ࡢࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂࢨ࣮ࡢᣦ ᑟࡢୗ࡛12㛫࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ 䛒䛺䛯䛾ษ䛺ே䛿䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹ၥ㢟䜢ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䛛䠛 䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹ၥ㢟䛜䛒䜛䛾䛻ຓ䛡䜢ồ䜑䜘䛖䛸䛧䛺䛔ᐙ᪘䜔䝟䞊䝖䝘䞊䛸ᬽ䜙䛧䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䛛䠛 䛭䛾ၥ㢟䛻ᑐ䛩䜛䝃䝫䞊䝖䛜ᚲせ䛷䛿䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䛛䠛University of New Mexico䛷㐃㑥ᨻ ᗓ䛾㈨㔠ຓ䛾䜒䛸⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛ㄪᰝ䛻↓ᩱ䛛䛴༏ྡ䛷ཧຍ䛩䜛䝏䝱䞁䝇䛜䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹ヲ⣽ 䛿䛚㟁ヰ䛷䛹䛖䛮䚹 ⒪‘ཧຍ’ࡢྜ CRAFT-A◊✲㸸➇㤿 64.4 70 ࣃ勖ࢭࣥࢸ勖ࢪ 60 Al-Anon Johnson CRAFT 50 40 22.5 30 13.6 20 10 0 S<.0001 ᢚ࠺ࡘᚓⅬ㸦BDI㸧 CRAFT ࣓ࢱศᯒ (Roozen et al., 2010) 12 ࣃ勖ࢭࣥࢸ勖ࢪ • CRAFT ࡣAl-Anon㸭Nar-Anonࡼࡾࡶ3ಸ௨ୖ [RR 3.25, 95% (CI) 2.11–5.02, 3117 @ ࡲࡓࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ◊✲ᡤᘧ ධࡢ2ಸࡢᝈ⪅ࢆ⒪ࡘ࡞ࡆࡓ[RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.28–3.62, 10 8 P=.004; NNT = 3] 6 • యⓗࡋ࡚ࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣ㸲ᅇࡽ㸴ᅇࡢCRAFT ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢᚋࠊ CRAFTࡣᴫࡡ㸱ศࡢ㸰ࡢIP ࢆ⒪ཧຍࡉࡏࡓ 4 2 0 Intake 3 Months 6 Months 12 Months S<.0001 − 131 − CRAFT ࣓ࢱศᯒ (⥆ࡁ) CRAFT ◊✲ (1986-) (Roozen et al., 2010) • CRAFTࠊAl-Anon㸭Nar-Anonࠊࡲࡓࡣࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ ◊✲ᡤᘧධࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࠺ࢃࡽࡎࠊ CSOࡣ⒪㛤ጞࡢ㸴᭶ ௨ෆࠊ᫂☜࡞ᚰ⌮♫ⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ㌟యⓗ࡞ᨵၿࢆ ♧ࡋࡓ Meyers, Miller, et al., 1999 Meyers, Miller, et al., 2002 Waldron, et. al., 2007 ⱝᖺ⪅ Dutcher, et al., 1999 Manual, et al.,2012 䡴䢚䢕䡬䢈䢛 vs 䡺䢕䢈 CSO130ྡ CSO32ྡ 75% 䡭䢙䡴䢚 䢗 23% 䜰 䝣䝸䜹⣔ CSO62ྡ 80% 䢇䡹䢆䢛䢂䡫䡴 CSO90ྡ 49% 䢇䡹䢆䢛䢂䡫䡴 CSO42ྡ 48% 䢇䡹䢆䢛䢂䡫䡴 CSO99ྡ 59% 䢇䡹䢆䢛䢂䡫䡴 CSO40 ྡ 60% 䡭䢙䡴䢚䢗 䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 55% 䡶䡲䡮䢙 22% 䡭䢉䢙 37% 䡶䡲䡮䢙 35% 䢋䢔䢈䡣 䢁 16% ぬ 㓰8% 䡭䢉䢙 䢋䢔䢈䡣䢁 䡶䡲䡮䢙 ぬ㓰 䢋䢔䢈䡣䢁 䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 90% 䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 7% 䡶䡲䡮䢙 䢀䢚䢓䡫䡴䢚 /䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 ↓సⅭ ↓సⅭ ↓సⅭ 㠀సⅭ ↓సⅭ 㠀సⅭ 㠀సⅭ (CRAFT vs 12 Step) (CRAFT/JI /12-step (CRAFT vs 12-step) 䡴䢚䢕䡬䢈䢛vs 䡺䢕䢈 Craft 86% vs 0% CSO ᨵၿ 64% vs23% vs13% CSO ᨵၿ 74% vs 17% CSO ᨵၿ 74% CSO ᨵၿ 65.5% vs 29% CSO ᨵၿ 71% CSO ᨵၿ 55%-65% CSO ᨵၿ 60% 71% Vs 40% ᨵၿ Sisson & Azrin 1986 Miller, Meyers, et al., 1999 CSO14ྡ 䡭䢕䡶䡬䢕 Kirby, et al., 1999 ⒪ཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢIPࡀ ⮬ᕫሗ࿌ࡋࡓẼᣢࡕ ึᮇ⒪ࡢᢠࢆ♧ࡋࡓ≀㉁⏝㞀ᐖ ᝈ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ⒪ཧຍࡢ⌮⏤ ᖾࡏ㸭႐ࡧ ᕼᮃ‶ࡕࡓ Ᏻᚰࡋࡓ ࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫ ࡎࡋ࠸ ᛧ࠸ ⨥ᝏឤ ᚰ㓄 ΰ Ᏻ ៓ ᛣࡾ Į= .80 Į= .92 7-point Likert Scale : Not at all (1) – Very much (7) % of variance= 64.9 − 132 − ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࠾ࡅࡿ CRAFTカ⦎㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸧 • • • • • • • • ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ1: CRAFTࡢᑟධ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ2: ࢭࣝࣇࢣ 㸦CSOࡢ⏕άࡢ㉁ࡢᨵၿ㸧 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ3:ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥၥ㢟ゎỴ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ4: ≀㉁⏝ࡢ㸦ᙜ↛ࡢ㸧⤖ᯝ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ5:ṇࡢᙉ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ6: IPVᏳᛶࡢၥ㢟 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ7: ⒪㸦IP㸧⧅ࡆࡿ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ8: CRAFTࡢⓎ⟶⌮ ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࠾࠸࡚7ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᙧᘧࡢCRAFTࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆཷࡅ ࡚⮬ᕫຠຊឤࡣCSOࡢⱞᝎࡢ㍍ῶࢆண ࡍࡿ㸦n=31㸧 (Hüting 2015) ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ⏝㞀ᐖぶᐦ࡞ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡢᭀຊࡢ⟶ ⌮࠾ࡅࡿ㐍Ṍ㸸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘カ⦎ CRAFT-A㸸㛵ಀᛶᖾ⚟ឤゝㄒⓗᨷᧁࡢ⧅ࡀࡾ㸸 㸰⪅㛫จ㞟ᛶࡢ፹(van Lier 2015) • CSOࡢDASS-21ࡢⱞᝎࡢPre-Postࡢ ᐃ್ࡣࠊ୰ ⛬ᗘࡢຠᯝࢧࢬ࡛ࠊCRAFTᚋࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞ⱞ③ࡢ ῶᑡࢆ♧ࡋࡓ • ࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥࡢ⮬ᕫຠຊឤ㸦GSES㸧ࡣࠊCSOࡢ ึᮇࡢᚰ⌮ⓗⱞᝎࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ㈇ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ (U=-.532, S=.002). • ࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥࡢ⮬ᕫຠຊឤPre-Postࡢⱞ③ࡢῶ ᑡࡢ⤯ᑐ್ࡢ㛫ᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࡀ⌧ࢀࡓ (U=.484, ⪅㛫จ㞟ᛶ S=.006). • ࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥࡢ⮬ᕫຠຊឤࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢⱞ③ࡢῶ ᑡࡢ⤯ᑐ್ࡢศᩓࡢ᭷ព࡞ྜ(5²=.24)ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ 㛵ಀᛶ‶㊊ ゝㄒⓗᨷᧁ >) S @ ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࠾ࡅࡿCRAFT◊✲2015ᖺ 㸦⥅⥆୰㸧 ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࠾ࡅࡿCRAFT◊✲2015ᖺ 㸦⥅⥆୰㸧 ࣥࢡ࣓ࣜࣥࢱ࣭ࣝࢹࢨࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓRCTࡼࡿࠊ⒪ࢆ ᣄྰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ⸆≀⏝⪅ࡢ㔜せ࡞㛵ಀ⪅ 㸦CSO㸧ࡀ↓సⅭࡾࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ 1. ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᮲௳ࡈᝈ⪅ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡓே㸦IP㸧ࡢ⒪ ᢠࢆ♧ࡍ≀㉁⏝⪅ࡢ⒪ཧຍࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ 2. CRAFTධࡢ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝ㌟యⓗ࠾ࡼࡧᚰ⌮ⓗᗣࠊ ⮬ᕫຠຊឤࠊ⏕άࡢ㉁ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊIPࡢ㛵ಀࡢ㉁ࡢ୧᪉ ࡢ㠃࠾ࡅࡿCSOࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡢᨵၿ 1. ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᙧᘧ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡞CRAFTࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ㸦ࢢ ࣮ࣝࣉCRAFT㸧CRAFTࡢࢭࣝࣇ࣭࣊ࣝࣉ࣭ࣈࢵࢡ 2. ⮬ᕫᣦ༡ᆺࡢCRAFT᮲௳࡛ࡣࠊCSOࡣCRAFTࢭࣝࣇ࣭ ࣊ࣝࣉ࣭ࣈࢵࢡࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡿ 3. ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ㸦㠀ධ㸧⩌ − 133 − Co- researchers: Naomi Ormskerk Wiebren Markus Rosa Schoen Cora Rutten Jane Ellen Smith Robert J. Meyers Email: [email protected] − 134 − + ᖺᗘཌ⏕ປാ┬⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐ⟇⥲ྜ◊✲ᴗ ㅮ₇࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ ࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘カ⦎(CRAFT)ࡢ ᛂ⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠖ ࡇࡢᗘ㸪ࠕ+ ᖺᗘཌ⏕ປാ┬⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐ⟇⥲ྜ◊✲ᴗ㞀ᐖ⪅ ᨻ⟇⥲ྜ◊✲ᴗ⢭⚄㞀ᐖศ㔝ࠖࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘カ ⦎&5$)7ࡢᛂ⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠖ ࠸࠺ㅮ₇࠾ࡼࡧࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ 㸦᭶㸧 㛤ദ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᮏㅮ₇࡛ࡣࠊཌ⏕ປാ┬ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ࠾࠸࡚ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ᨭࡋ࡚ ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᙉᐙ᪘カ⦎㸦Community Reinforcement and Family Training㸸㏻⛠ CRAFT㸧ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ +HQGULN*5RR]HQ ඛ⏕ࢆ࠾ᣍࡁ ࡋᇶㄪㅮ₇ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ㑥࠾ࡅࡿᐇ⪅࡛࠶ࡿྜྷ⏣ ⢭ḟ ඛ⏕ࠊቃ Ἠὒඛ⏕ࠊᒣᮏ ᙬඛ⏕ヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᮏ㑥࠾ࡅࡿ &5$)7 ࡢᐇࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ − 135 − ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᅇ⟅ேᩘࡣ ྡ㸦⏨ᛶ ྡࠊዪᛶ ྡ㸧࡛ࡋࡓࠋᖺ㱋ࡢᖜࡣ ௦ 㹼 ௦ᖜᗈ࠸ᖺ௦ࡢ᪉ࡀ᮶ࡽࢀࠊ་⒪㛵ಀ⪅ࡸࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭᶵ㛵㛵ಀ⪅ࠊᏛᰯ 㛵ಀ⪅࡞ᵝࠎ࡞⫋✀ࡢ᪉ࡀ᮶ሙࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ◊ಟࡢ㛗ࡉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ࡢ᪉ࡀࠕࡕࡻ࠺ࡼࡗࡓࠖᅇ⟅ࡉࢀࠊ◊ಟࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࠊࡢ᪉ࡀࠕ‶㊊ࠖࢆ♧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⮬⏤グ㏙࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕ㠀ᖖࡼࡃࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚ ࠸࡚ศࡾࡸࡍࡗࡓࠋࠖࡸࠕ&5$)7 ࡘ࠸࡚⯡ⓗ⫈ࡃࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋⰋࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ ࠸࠺࠾ኌࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡽࡶࠊᅇࡢㅮ₇࠾ࡼࡧࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡀᐇࡋࡓ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ௨ୗࡣࠊ⮬⏤グ㏙ࡢෆᐜࢆグ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⮬⏤グ㏙ࡢෆᐜࡣࠊᐇែࢆ♧ࡍࡓࡵグ㍕ ࡉࢀࡓෆᐜࢆᛅᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊಶேࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺グ㏙ࡢ㊃᪨ࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀ ࡞࠸⠊ᅖ࡛⦅㞟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ༙ࡢ⮬⏤グ㏙ࡣᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊグ㏙ࡢ㔞ࡸ㔜 」ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸⮬⏤グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ㅮ₇࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢឤࠊ⮬⏤グ㏙ ࠕ&5$)7 ࡘ࠸࡚ከࡃᏛࡪࡇࡀฟ᮶࡚ࡼࡗࡓࠋࠖ࠸࠺ឤㅰࡢኌࠕࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㛗ࡃ࠾ ヰࢆఛ࠸ࡓࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠖࠕᐇ㊶ࡘ࠸࡚ࡉࡽලయⓗᏛࡧࡓࡗࡓࠋ ࠖ࠸࠺࠾ኌࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ&5$)7 ࡢ⌮ゎࡣ῝ࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᐇ㊶ࡢᑟධ࠸࠺㒊ศ࡛ࡣከࡃࡢ᪉ࡀࠕࡶࡗ ▱ࡾࡓࡗࡓࠋࠖឤࡌࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ&5$)7 ࢆᐇ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊ಟࠊ ᳨ウࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡶࡳ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࡈពぢࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㸯㸬ㅮ₇࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢឤㅰࡢኌ ࡚ࡶ⯆῝࠸ෆᐜࡔࡗࡓࠋ &5$)7 ࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡿࡇࢁࡽ᭱᪂ࡢ◊✲ࡲ࡛⣽ࡃ▱ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡼࡗࡓ ࡛ࡍࠋ ㅮᖌࡢඛ⏕ࡢෆᐜࡀࡍࡈࡃࡼࡗࡓࠋ➨୍⥺ࡢඛ⏕ࡢヰࡀ⪺ࡅ࡚Ⰻࡗࡓࠋ ᛂ⟅࡛࠸ࡃࡘ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡞Ⅼࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡑࡇࡣ࡚ࡶⰋࡗࡓᛮ࠺ࠋ ከࡃࡢࡇ࡛Ẽ࡙ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲ࡛▱ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓሗࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋ − 136 − ࠸ࡎࢀࡢඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰࡶෆᐜࡀ┒ࡾࡔࡃࡉࢇ࡛ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡶࡗ㛗࠸ෆᐜ࡛㛤 ദࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࠎࡢⓎ⾲ࡣ⯆῝ࡃࡶࡗఛ࠸ࡓࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ ෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㠀ᖖ‶㊊ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㠀ཧຍࡋ ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ඛ㐍ⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡞ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᐇ㊶ࡽࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾ⣽ࡸ࡞㓄៖ࡀ⪺ࡅ࡚ཧ⪃ ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ&5$)7 ࡣࡣࡸࡾ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀ㛵ᚰࡶ࠶ࡾࡼࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ &5$)7 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡗࡓࡃ࠸࠺▱㆑ࡀ࡞ࡃ⯆ࡢࡳ࡛ࡢཧຍ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ࡚ࡶࢃ ࡾࡸࡍࡃࠊᖜᗈࡃ▱ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋḟࡣ᭩⡠ࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛άືࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿඛ⏕ࡽ⏕ࡢኌࢆ⫈ࡃࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋ ࣊ࣥࢻࣜࢵࢡඛ⏕ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀศࡾࡸࡍࡗࡓࠋ &5$)7 ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ᭷ྡ࡞ඛ⏕ࡢヰࢆ⪺ࡅࡓࡢ࡛ࠊඛ㐍ⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚⪺ࡅ ࡚Ⰻࡗࡓࠋ ࣮ࣟࢮࣥඛ⏕ࢆࡣࡌࡵࢩ࣏ࣥࢪࢫࢺࡢⓙᵝࡢ࠾ヰࢆ࡚ࡶ⯆῝ࡃࡁࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊ ᐇ㊶ࢆྵࡵࠊ࡚ࡶࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⮬ศࡢࡶ࠸ࡓ࠸ᛮࡗࡓࠋ ᭱๓⥺࡛ &5$)7 ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࠎࡢ⌧≧ࠊㄢ㢟ࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢṔྐࡀ⪺ࡅ࡚Ⰻ ࡗࡓࠋ ࢹࢡࢩࣙࣥ㡿ᇦࡔࡅ࡛࡞࠸ࠊࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡸⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡶά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡞ࡾᖜᗈ࠸ ࠾ヰࡋࡀ⫈ࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋ &5$)7 ࡢṔྐࡸ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ⌧≧ࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࡚ࡶⰋࡗࡓࠋ &5$)7 ࡢཎⅬࢆࡋࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢇ࡞ &5$ ࡸ &5$)7 㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘேࡀ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ ࡇࢆどぬⓗࡋࡿᶵ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࢹࢡࢩࣙࣥ㛵㐃࡛ⱞࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ᮏேࡲࡓᐙ᪘ࡀᑡࡋ࡛ࡶⱞ③ࡀῶࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࠋ ࡚ࡶศࡾࡸࡍࡃ㢌ධࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ &5$)7 ࡘ࠸࡚⯡ⓗ⫈ࡃࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋⰋࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ &5$ ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆឤࡌࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ◊✲ࡽᐇ㊶ࡲ࡛ᖜᗈ࠸ヰࡀ⪺ࡅ࡚ࡼࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ ึᮇධࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃⓎண㜵ࡶ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀศࡾຊࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ $O ౫Ꮡࠊඣ❺ᛮᮇᲷࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ 1V ࡛ࡍࠋᲷ࡛ࡣ $O ᐙ᪘ࡢ &5$)7 ࢆᑟ ධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ࡛⚾⮬㌟ࡣࡑࡢ୰ᚰࢫࢱࢵࣇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᮏ᪥ࡢㅮ₇ࢆ⫈ࡁࠊ &5$)7 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࡸ⌧≧࣭ຠᯝࡢᢕᥱࡢຓࡅ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ $O ᐙ᪘ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ ࡃࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࡢᐙ᪘ࡶᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ⯆῝ࡃឤࡌᚋά⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡿࡶࡢ ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋฟ᮶ࡿࡇࢁࡽᑡࡋࡎࡘࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ᪥ࡣ㈗㔜࡞ㅮ₇࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㠀ᖖ LQVSLQLQJ ࡞ෆᐜ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᮏᙜ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ − 137 − ࡚ࡶලయⓗ࡛ศࡾࡸࡍࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰㸬ㅮ₇࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᚋࡢㄢ㢟せᮃ z ࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࠊⓎ㐩㞀ᐖࡢ &5$)7 ࡢヰࢆࡶࡗヲࡋࡃ⪺ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ z ࢲࢪ࢙ࢫࢺ࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋලయⓗ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ z 㛫ࡀ▷࠸ឤࡌࡓࡢ࡛ࡸࡸ‶㊊࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ z ᅇཧຍࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡎࡋࡗࡾᏛࡧࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ&5$)7 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࡗࡾ ᮏࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࡽཧຍࡋࡓ࠺ࡀඛ⏕᪉ࡢ࠾ヰࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡓࡔࢁ࠺⪃࠼ࡿ ึᚰ⪅ࡢ⮬ศᑐࡋ࡚┬࡛ࡍࠋ z &5$)7 ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡛ᑟධࡍࡿ㝿ࡢᐇ㊶ࡘ࠸࡚ࡉࡽලయⓗᏛࡧࡓࡗࡓࠋ z ᢡゅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪࢫࢺࡢⓙᵝࡢࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠾⪺ࡁࡋࡓࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ z &5$)7 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆᏛ⩦ࡋࡓࡗࡓࠋ㛫ࡢ㓄ศ࡛㞴ࡋࡗࡓࡶ ࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠋ z ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪࢫࢺࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢヰ࡛ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋලయⓗࡸᅔ㞴 RU ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗࡓ࡞≧ἣ➼ࢆ ⪺ࡁࡓࡗࡓࠋඛ⏕᪉ࡀఱࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡣࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡓࡀ࣐ࢳࢇ࡞ឤࡌ࡛ &5$)7 ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ➼࣓࣮ࢪ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ⮬ศࡢࢣ࣮ ࢫࡘ࡞ࡆࡽࢀ࡞࠸Ẽࡀࡋࡓࠋ z &5$)7 ࡢෆᐜࡀ⌧ሙࡢࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢࡼ࠺ാ࠸ࡓࡢලయⓗ࣓࣮ࢪ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨ⾲ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᩘ್ࢹ࣮ࢱࡸࢇࡢᐉఏࡀከࡗࡓࠋ z ᪥ᮏ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࠎࡢヰࢆࡼࡾヲࡋࡃ▱ࡾࡓࡗࡓࡢ࡛㛫㓄ศࡀṧᛕ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ z ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ &5$)7 ᐇ㊶ࡢ㛫ࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋヲࡋࡃ⪺ࡅࡿⰋࡗࡓࠋ z ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓඛ⏕᪉ࡢලయⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ⪺ ࡁࡓࡗࡓࠋ z 㛫ⓗࡣࡕࡻ࠺Ⰻ࠸࣮࣒࡛࣎ࣜࣗࡋࡓࡀ㓄ศࡋ࡚ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ ேࡢඛ⏕᪉ ࡢ࠾ヰࢆᛮ࠺ᑡࡋヲࡋࡃ⪺ࡁࡓࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ z ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࢩ࣏ࣥࢪࢫࢺࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢ࠾ヰࡀヲࡋࡃఛ࠸ࡓࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ z ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋᐇ㝿ࡢࡸࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢᵝᏊࡀ⪺ࡅࡿ㛫ࡶ࠶ࡿⰋ࠸࡞ᛮࡗࡓࠋ z ➨㒊ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒ࣗ࢘ࡀࡶ࠺ᑡࡋヲࡋࡃ➼ࡶྵࡵ࡚⪺ࡅࡿⰋࡗࡓᛮ࠸ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ&5$ ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ヰࡶ⪺ࡁࡓࡗࡓࠋ z ࡶࡗヲࡋࡃ࠾ヰࢆ⪺ࡁࡓࡗࡓࠋ≉ $6' ᨭࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾᨭ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࡗヲ ࡋࡃ▱ࡾࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ z ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛ &5$)7 ࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡣࢃࡗࡓࡀࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡢලయⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆࡶ ࡗ▱ࡾࡓࡗࡓࠋຠᯝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᐇ㝿࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗࡓ㸭࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞ࡗ ࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࡳࡓࡗࡓࠋ z ࡲࡎࡇࡢᮏ┠ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡋ㸟࠸࠺ࡈⴭ᭩ࡢሗࡀ๓ศࡿಶேⓗࡣ Ꮀࡋࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ − 138 − z ࡢᝈᛂ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᾏእ࡞ࠊ᪥ᮏάࡏࡿࢆࡶࡗ▱ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸱㸬◊✲ᮇᚅࡍࡿάື ࡞ࡲࡊࡲࡉۑᆅᇦ࡛◊✲ࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ۑ+3 ࢆసࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ۑ౫Ꮡ㛵㐃≉ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ౫Ꮡ௨እࡢࡸࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ➼ࡢᮏே࠾ࡼࡧᐙ᪘ࡢ⒪ࡸᨭ ࡢᐇ㝿ࡣᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡀ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ឤࡌࡲࡍࠋᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡀ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡢᆅᇦ࡛㐺ษ࡞㛵ࢃࡾࡸᨭయไࡀ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᥦゝάືྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ۑ:6 ࡢ㛤ദࠋ ۑᚋࡶຮᙉ➼࠶ࢀࡤ㠀ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ &ۑ5$)7 ࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ➼ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ㊶ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞◊ಟࢆࡋ࡚㈔࠼ࡓࡽ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࡅ࡛ࡁࡿᏳ࡞ࡓࡵࠋ ۑḟᅇࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ࣓࣮ࣝ࡞࡛ෆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿᎰࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ۑᐃᮇⓗఫࡲ࠸ࡢ㏆ࡃ࡛ &5$)7 ຮᙉࡀฟ᮶ࡿᶵࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᎰࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ۑᅇࡢࡼ࠺ᾏእࡽඛ⏕ࢆࢇ࡛ㅮ₇ࡸ◊ಟࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚ࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ࠕۑⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ࡛ࠖࡘࠕࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾࠖࡢ┦ㄯࡀቑ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋᐙ᪘ࡢၟᗑࡣࡲࡎࡣࡦࡁ ࡇࡶࡾࡢゎᾘ࠶ࡾ┦ㄯࢆ⪺ࡃ❧ሙࡋ࡚࠺⟅࠼࡚ ,3 ࢆືࡍ⚾ࡣቃඛ⏕ࠊᒣᮏඛ⏕ ࡢᚋࡢ◊✲ᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠋ ۑᚋࠊࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࢆ୰ᚰᏛࠊࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࡞ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿᶵࢆቑຍࡍࡿࡼ࠸ᛮ࠺ࠋ ࣝࣇۑ:6 ࡢ㛤ദࠋ &ۑ5$࣭&5$)7 ࢆྲྀࡾ⤌ࡶ࠺ࡍࡿᨭ⪅ྥࡅࡢึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭➼࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡸຮᙉ ࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚㈔࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋᩥ⊩ࢆㄞࡴࡢᐇ㊶࡛࠼ࡿࡣูࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠋྜྷ⏣ඛ⏕ ࡢࢫࣛࢻࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛᮶ᖺᗘᴦࡋࡳࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ &ۑ5$ ࡢሗⓎಙࡢᶵࢆቑࡸࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠋ&5$ ࢆຮᙉࡍࡿࡁ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⰋ࠸ᢏἲࠊ ⌮ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 & ࡤࡅ⾜ࡇۑ5$)7 ࢆཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢศࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡶࡗᐉఏάືࡶຊࢆ࠸ࢀ࡚ࡶ ࡽ࠼ࡿ࠶ࡾࡀࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ۑᚋࡶᐇ㊶ࡢඹ᭷ࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ۑᕤኵࢆඹ᭷࡛ࡁࡿ㛫ࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡓࡽᎰࡋࡃᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ۑ:6 ཧຍࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋሗࡢ࿘▱ࢆࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸲㸬ࡑࡢ ࡀ࣮ࣝࣗࢪࢣࢫ࣒ࢱە㛫㏻ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ەᖹ᪥࡞ࡢ࡛ఇࡲࡎཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࠸࡛ࡍࠋ − 139 − ௵◊✲⪅ࡼࡿ&5$)7◊ಟ㈨ᩱ CRAFT䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䜢ᛂ⏝䛧䛯 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᐙ᪘ᨭ ᐙ᪘䛾ᚰ⌮ ᚨᓥᏛᏛ㝔SAS◊✲㒊 ቃ Ἠ ὒ 1 2 ぶ䛛䜙ぢ䛯䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᮏே䛾ཷ⒪ពḧ䠄ቃ䜙䠈㻞㻜㻜㻣䠅 Ⴛᛩೞ᧙ǁƷ ɧ̮ज़ ܼଈ᧙̞Ʒ फ҄ ܼଈƷǹȈȬǹӒࣖᲢౡဋǒᲦ2004Უ ᲢƻƖƜNjǓཞ७ƴƋǔʴƕဏࣱᲣ 㻺㻩㻟㻤㻞 ǹȈȬǹӒࣖƕ᭗ƍ ஜʴƷӖၲ ॖഒƕ˯ƍ 3 3 4 㛵䜟䜚᪉䛾䠐䛴䛾䝟䝍䞊䞁 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ䠄㔝୰䜙䠈2012䠅 䛖䜜䛧䛔่⃭ ྲྀ䜚ୖ 䛢䜛 䜋䜑䜛 ྲྀ䜚㝖䛟 䛘䜛 ච㝖 䛩䜛 䛧䛛䜛 䜋䜑䜛 䛔䜔䛺่⃭ 5 ච㝖䛩䜛 䛧䛛䜛 ྲྀ䜚ୖ䛢䜛 ⾜ື⒪ἲ◊✲䠈38䠈䠍Ͳ10䠊 6 − 143 − 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾៏ᛶᮇ䛻䛔䛯䜛ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ ᚅ䛴䝍䜲䝥 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾៏ᛶᮇ䛻䛔䛯䜛ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ እ䛻ฟ䛭䛖䛸䛩䜛䝍䜲䝥 ἙἳἼἕἚ 䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ඛ⾜᮲௳ ᚅ䛴 ఱ䜒㉳䛣䜙䛺䛔 䜸䝨䝷䞁䝖⾜ື ⤖ᯝ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ྏဂ⃭ບ Ⓨ䛥䜜䜛 ඛ⾜᮲௳ 䜸䝨䝷䞁䝖⾜ື ⤖ᯝ Ᏻ䠈↔䜚䠈ᛣ䜚 ≉䛻ΰ䛿䛺䛔 ാ䛛䛽䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔 䛔䛴䛛䜛䛰䜝䛖 ឤ ឤ ㄆ▱ ㄆ▱ 7 8 ៏ᛶᮇ䛻⮳䜛ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ䛻䛚䛔䛶 䇾䛺䛥䜜䜛䇿ㄗ䛳䛯Ꮫ⩦ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚៏ᛶᮇ䛾ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ 䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖 䝯䝸䝑䝖 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 Ⓨ ྏဂ⃭ບ 䛣䛾䛴䛾㛵ಀ䛜ධ䜜᭰䜟 䜚䛺䛜䜙䠈ㅉ䜑䛾ቃᆅ䛻⮳䜛 䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ᚅ䛴 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 䛭䛳䛸䛧䛶䛚䛟 ఱ䜒㉳䛣䜙䛺䛔 ඛ⾜᮲௳ 䜸䝨䝷䞁䝖⾜ື ⤖ᯝ Ⓨ䛥䜜䛺䛔 ᜍᛧ ឤ 9 䛔䛡䛺䛔 ↔䜚 ᜍᛧ ཷᐜ ඹឤ 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤 䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙 䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁 䛝䜃䛧䛥 ᭷ 䛝䜃䛧䛥 ↓ 䛒䛝䜙䜑 ྏဂ⃭ບ ៏ᛶ 䜔䛥䛧䛥 ↓ 11 − 144 − ᡙƍᛄNJǔ 䛔䛡䛺䛔 10 䜔䛥䛧䛥 ᭷ ोƖƭƚǔ ↔䜙䛫䛶䛿 ㄆ▱ ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ䛾ᅇ㐣⛬䠄ቃ䞉㔝୰䠈2013䠅 ᐙ᪘䛜ᢪ䛘䜛ⴱ⸨ ⏑䜔䛛䛧䛶䛿 Ⓨ䛥䜜䛺䛔䛛 12 ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ䛾Ⰻᚠ⎔ 䝯䝸䝑䝖 ᐙ᪘ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᅇ 㐺ษ䛺ᑐᛂ CRAFT䜢ᛂ⏝䛧䛯ᐙ᪘ᨭ ᐙ᪘䛸䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᙜ⪅䛾୧⪅䛻 䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜䜒䛯䜙䛥䜜䜛Ⰻᚠ⎔䜢స䜛 䝯䝸䝑䝖 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᙜ⪅ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 㐺ษ䛺ᑐᛂ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᅇ 13 14 ㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ䛻䜘䜛 ⱝ⪅䛾䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᨭ ƻƖƜNjǓཞ७ǁƷૅੲƷ්Ǖ ᲢؾᲦ2007ƴьᇿᲣ ܼଈƸӖၲӧᏡƔᲹ ᐙ᪘ᨭ • Step䠍 ぶ䛾䛷䛾⮬ຓ䜾䝹䞊䝥 • Step䠎 㞟ᅋᙧᘧ䛾CRAFT䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 • Step䠏 ಶูᙧᘧ䛾CRAFT䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 ᮏேᨭ • Step䠍 ⾜ືάᛶ⒪ἲ • Step䠎 ♫ⓗ䝇䜻䝹カ⦎ • Step䠏 ಶูᙧᘧ䛾ㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ䠄DTR䚸ERP䚸PST䠅 ᙀяႎെƷဇ ƍƍƑ ᚧբȷ᩼ݣ᩿ ƍƍƑ Ƹƍ ஜʴƸӖၲӧᏡƔᲹ ƍƍƑ ܼଈʼλưӖၲƴ ƭƳƛǒǕǔƔᲹ Ƹƍ Ƹƍ CRAFT ዒዓႎၲȷ ᅈ˟ࣄ࠙ૅੲ 䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱 స䜚 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᨭ䛾 䝯䜲䞁䝇䝖䝸䞊䝖 ⾜ືάᛶ⒪ἲ䠈䠯䠯䠰 • ᪤Ꮡ䛾┦ㄯᶵ㛵䠄䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᆅᇦᨭ䝉䞁䝍䞊䠈ᆅᇦⱝ⪅䝃䝫䞊䝖 䝇䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䠈䛺䛹䠅䛸㐃ᦠ䛧䛯䠈ᙉయ㦂䛜ᢸಖ䛥䜜䜛⎔ቃ䛵䛟䜚 15 16 䠟䠮䠝䠢䠰䛸䛿䠛 CRAFT䛾㛤Ⓨ⪅Meyersඛ⏕ • 2013ᖺ8᭶23᪥䡚25᪥ 䛻㛤ദ䛥䜜䛯䜰䝆䜰CBT ㆟䛻䛶ᩍ⫱ㅮ₇䠈䝅 䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠈䝽䞊䜽 䝅䝵䝑䝥䛻䛤Ⓩቭ䚹 • 2013ᖺ8᭶28᪥䡚30᪥ 䛻䛛䛡䛶䠈ᚨᓥᏛ䛷2 ᪥༙䛾䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥䜢 㛤ദ䚹 • CRAFT䠄CommunityReinforcementandFamily Training䠖䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱ᙉ䛸ᐙ᪘カ⦎䠅䝥䝻䜾 䝷䝮䛿䠈䛻ཷ⒪䜢ᣄྰ䛩䜛≀㉁⏝⪅䛾 ᐙ᪘䛺䛹䛾㔜せ䛺㛵ಀ⪅䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛯ධ䝥 䝻䜾䝷䝮䚹 • ᮏ㑥䛷䛿䠈ཌ⏕ປാ┬䛜సᡂ䛧䛯䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 䛾ホ౯䞉ᨭ䛻㛵䛩䜛䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛻CRAFT䝥 䝻䜾䝷䝮䛜⤂䛥䜜䜛䠄㰻⸨䠈2010䠅䚹 17 18 − 145 − ୍⯡ྥ䛡ⴭ᭩ 䝉䝷䝢䝇䝖ྥ䛡 19 20 CRAFT䛻䜘䜛 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᐙ᪘ᨭ䛾ຠᯝ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᐙ᪘ᨭ䝽䞊䜽䝤䝑䜽 • CRAFT䜢䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᐙ ᪘ᨭ䛻ᛂ⏝䛧䛯䝽䞊 䜽䝤䝑䜽 • 㔠๛ฟ∧ • 2䠈800䠄⛯ู䠅 • 㔝୰䜙䠄2013䠅䛷䛿䠈 83%䛾䛻䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ ែ䛾ᨵၿ䜒䛧䛟䛿⥅⥆ⓗ䛺┦ㄯᶵ㛵䛾⏝䛸 䛔䛳䛯ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䚹 • ᒣᮏ䞉ᐊᶫ䠄2014䠅䛷䛿70 % 䛾䛷ཷ⒪䜔♫ ཧຍ䛸䛔䛳䛯ᨵၿ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛯䛰䛧䠈 ධ㝔䜢⤒⏤䛧䛯ே䛜27 %ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈 ᐙ᪘ ᨭ䛷ཷ⒪䛻⮳䛳䛯䛿43 %䛸䛺䜛䚹 • ቃ䜙䠄༳ๅ୰䠅 䛷䛿䠈43%䛾䛻䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ ែ䛾ᨵၿ䜒䛧䛟䛿⥅⥆ⓗ䛺┦ㄯᶵ㛵䛾⏝䛸 䛔䛳䛯ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䚹 22 21 CRAFT䛾ຠᯝ䠄ቃ䜙䠈2015䠅 ᚃƷ˟ƷјௐᲢౡဋǒᲦ2004Უ 23 24 − 146 − 䛔䛔䛘 STEP1 CRAFT䛾┠ⓗ ῝้䛺ᐙᗞෆᭀຊ䛿䛺䛔䛛䠛 䐡ᭀຊⓗ⾜ື䛾ண㜵 䛿䛔 • ᐙ᪘⮬㌟䛾ᶵ⬟ᅇ 䛔䛔䛘 STEP2 ᐙ᪘䛜Ẽᣢ䛱䛻䜖䛸 䜚䜢䜒䛶䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛 STEP3 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛿 Ⰻዲ䛛䠛 STEP4 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛿ඖẼ䜢ᅇ 䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛 STEP5 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛸ᚋ䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛻 䛴䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛 䐥ᐙ᪘⮬㌟䛾⏕ά䜢㇏䛛䛻䛩䜛 䜒䛧䛟䛿䠈ᐙ᪘⮬㌟䛾䛯䜑䛾ᨭ䜢ཷ䛡䜛 䛿䛔 䛔䛔䛘 • 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᮏே䛸ᐙ᪘䛾㛵ಀᅇ 䐠ၥ㢟⾜ື䛾⌮ゎ 䐢䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾⋓ᚓ 䛿䛔 䐣ୖᡭ䛻䜋䜑䛶ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢ቑ䜔䛩 䐤ඛᅇ䜚䜢䜔䜑䠈䛧䛳䛛䜚䛸ྥ䛝ྜ䛳䛶ᮃ 䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䜢ῶ䜙䛩 䛔䛔䛘 • 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᮏே䛸♫䜢䛴䛺䛢䜛 䛿䛔 䛔䛔䛘 䛿䛔 25 STEP6 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵 䞁䜢⏝䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛔䜢⥆䛡䜛 䐦┦ㄯᶵ㛵䛾⏝䜢ୖᡭ䛻່䜑䜛 ᚋ䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛻䛴䛔䛶 ヰ䛧ྜ䛘䜛䜎䛷䛾㐣⛬ 26 ⏕άୖ䛾ᖾ⚟ឤ ᐙ᪘⮬㌟䛾⏕ά䜢㇏䛛䛻䛩䜛 27 28 ┠ᶆ䜢❧䛶䜛 ┠ᶆ䛻ྥ䛛䛳䛯⾜ື䜢ቑ䜔䛩 29 30 − 147 − άᛶ⾜ື䛾Ⰻᚠ⎔ ἳἼἕἚ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ ඛ⾜᮲௳ ౫Ꮡ䞉ᅇ㑊⾜ື䛾ᝏᚠ⎔ ἳἼἕἚ άᛶ⾜ື ᴦ䛧䛔 䜸䝨䝷䞁䝖⾜ື ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ ἳἼἕἚ ⌧≧⥔ᣢ௨ୖ䛾⏕ά 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ ౫Ꮡ䞉ᅇ㑊⾜ື ≧ἣ ⾜ື ἙἳἼἕἚ ⌧≧௨ୗ䛾⏕ά ᴦ䛧䛔䠋ᴦ䛻䛺䜛 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ 31 32 ᐙ᪘䛾⏕ά䜢㇏䛛䛻䛩䜛䝫䜲䞁䝖 • 䛂䕿䕿䛩䜉䛝䛃䛸䛔䛖⩏ົឤ䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈⣧⢋䛻 ᐙ᪘䛜ᴦ䛧䜑䜛䛂䛸䛝䜑䛝䛃䜢ษ䛻䛩䜛䚹 • ᐙ᪘䜈䛾ᨭ䛜ᚲせ䛺䛿䠈䛣䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䜢 ༑ศ䛻⾜䛖䚹 ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ䛾ᇶ┙ • ᐙ᪘䜈䛾ᨭ䜀䛛䜚䛷䛳䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䠈䛾 䝇䝔䝑䝥䜢䜔䜛䛣䛸䛷ᐙ᪘⮬㌟䛾㈇ᢸ䜒ῶ䛳 䛶䛔䛟ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢ఏ䛘䠈䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥 䜢ヨ䜏䛶䜏䜛䚹 33 34 ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ䛾ᇶ┙ ㆙ᡄᚰ䜢⏕䜐䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮 • ಙ㢗㛵ಀ䛜䛷䛝䛶䛔䜜䜀䠈 〔䜑䜛䛸Ꮚ౪䛜႐䜃䠈ྏ䜛䛸Ꮚ౪䛿┬䛩䜛 ᐙ᪘ 䐠叅友厮召 • ಙ㢗㛵ಀ䛜ᔂ䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸 〔䜑䜛䛸Ꮚ౪䛿᎘䛜䜚䠈ྏ䜛䛸Ꮚ䛹䜒䛿ᢠ䛩䜛 䛾ヰ 35 䐟ඖ䚻䛾䛴䛺䛜䜚 ㆙ᡄᚰ 36 − 148 − ㆙ᡄᚰ䜢⦆䜑䜛᪉ἲ 䐟Ꮚ౪䛜㆙ᡄ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢䛧䛺䛔 ᐙ᪘ 䐟Ꮚ౪䛜㆙ᡄ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢䛧䛺䛔 䐟叅友厮叫可ษ召 䐠Ꮚ౪䛜Ᏻᚰ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢䛩䜛 䛾ヰ ඖ䚻䛾䛴䛺䛜䜚 ㆙ᡄᚰ 37 38 䐠Ꮚ౪䛜Ᏻᚰ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢䛩䜛 ㆙ᡄᚰ䜢⦆䜑䜛᪉ἲ ㄗ䛳䛯᮲௳䛡 ᐙ᪘ ㆙ᡄ䛩䜛䛣䛸 ㆙ᡄᚰ Ᏻᚰ䛩䜛䛣䛸 䐢ᙅ叢召 䐠叅友厮召 Ᏻᚰ䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸 Ᏻᚰឤ 䐟ඖ䚻䛾䛴䛺䛜䜚 39 40 ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢ቑ䜔䛩᪉㔪 • ㆙ᡄᚰ䜢⦆䜑䠈ᐙᗞ䛾㞺ᅖẼ䜢✜䜔䛛䛻䛩䜛 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢ぢ䛴䛡䜛 ୖᡭ䛻䜋䜑䛶 ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢ቑ䜔䛩 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛜䛺䛬㉳䛣䜛䛾䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛜㉳䛣䜚䜔䛩䛔ᕤኵ䜢䛩䜛 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢䛧䛯䛸䛝䛻〔䜑䜛 41 42 − 149 − Ẽ䛻䛺䜛⾜ື䛾䝸䝇䝖䜢సᡂ䛩䜛㝿䛾 䝫䜲䞁䝖 Ẽ䛻䛺䜛⾜ື䛾䝸䝇䝖 ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື • ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛾ᩘ䛜ከ䛟䛺䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔 䛾䛷䠈ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢䜘䜚ከ䛟ぢ䛴䛡䜛⦎⩦䜢 䛩䜛䚹 ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື • ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢᭩䛔䛶䜒䜙䛖ሙྜ䠈䛂䛧䛶䜋䛧 䛔䛃䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䛂䛩䛷䛻䜔䛳䛶䛔䜛䛃䛣䛸䜢᭩ 䛔䛶䜒䜙䛖䚹 • ⾜ື䛿䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡ලయⓗ䛻᭩䛔䛶䜒䜙䛖䚹 43 44 ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ • ᜥᏊ䛿28ṓ䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䛩䛜䠈⮬Ꮿ䛻ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳 䛶䜢䛧䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䚹⮬Ꮿ䛻ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶䛛䜙 3ᖺ㏆䛟䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹 • ᭱㏆䛿2㝵䛾⮬ᐊ䛷㐣䛤䛩䛣䛸䛜ከ䛟䠈䜋䛸䜣䛹 ୍㝵䛻㝆䜚䛶䛝䜎䛫䜣䚹ኪ䛤㣤䛻㔝⌫䛾䝔䝺䝡 䜢ぢ䛶䛔䜛䛿䠈䛯䜎䛻୍㝵䛾䝸䝡䞁䜾䛻㝆䜚䛶 䛝䛶䠰䠲䜢ぢ䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䝸䝡䞁䜾䛻㝆䜚䛶䛝䛯䛸䛝 䛿䠈䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾䛣䛸䜢ヰ䛭䛖䛸ᛮ䛖䛾䛷䛩䛜䠈ヰ䛧 䛛䛡䛯㏵➃䛻2㝵䛻ୖ䛜䛳䛶⾜䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䜎䛩䚹 • 䜋䛸䜣䛹ヰ䜒䛷䛝䛺䛔≧ἣ䛺䛾䛷䠈䛹䛖䛧䛯䜙䛔 䛔䛾䛛ᅔ䜚ᯝ䛶䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹 46 45 ᐇ㊶⦎⩦ ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛾 • ே⤌䜢䛴䛟䜚䜎䛩䚹 • ୍ே䛜ᨭ⪅䠈䜒䛖୍ே䛜ᐙ᪘䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹 • ᐙ᪘䛾ヰ䜢⫈䛝䛺䛜䜙䠈ᨭ⪅䛜ᶵ⬟ศᯒ 䛾䝽䞊䜽䝅䞊䝖䛻グධ䛧䜎䛩䚹 • ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛾సᡂ䛜⤊䜟䛳䛯䜙䠈ᨭ⪅䛜ศ ᯒෆᐜ䜢せ⣙䛧䛶ᐙ᪘䛻ఏ䛘䜎䛩䚹 • ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䜢䜔䛳䛶䜏䛶䠈ᐙ᪘䛜Ẽ䛵䛔䛯䛣䛸 䛻䛴䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛔䜎䛩䚹 47 48 − 150 − ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛷 ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩䝫䜲䞁䝖 ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ • እⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䠖䛹䜣䛺≧ἣ䛷䜔䛳䛯䛾䛛䠛 • እⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䠖ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛜⏕㉳䛩䜛ඛ⾜ ᮲௳䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䚹 • ෆⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䠖䛹䜣䛺Ẽᣢ䛱䛷䜔䛳䛯䛾䛛䠛 • ෆⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䠖ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢⾜䛖๓䛾Ẽᣢ 䛱䛻⌮ゎ䛩䜛䚹 • ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䠖䛹䜣䛺䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜䛒䛳䛯䛛䠛 • ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䠖ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢⾜䛖ୖ䛷䛾㞀ᐖ 䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䚹 • 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䠖䛹䜣䛺䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜䛒䜛䛛䠛 • 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䠖ᮏே䛜ྠព䛩䜛䝯䝸䝑䝖䜢ぢฟ 䛩䚹 49 50 ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛸 ᑐᛂ᪉ἲ䜢䛴䛺䛢䜛 ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩ᕤኵ • ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䛜⏕㉳䛧䜔䛩䛔≧ἣ䜢⌧䛩䜛䚹 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢⾜䛖๓䛾Ẽᣢ䛱䛻⌮ゎ䜢♧䛩䚹 • ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢⾜䛖ୖ 䛷䛾㞀ᐖ䜢ྲྀ䜚㝖䛟ᕤኵ䜢⪃䛘䜛䚹 • 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ᮏே䛜ྠព䛩䜛䝯䝸䝑 䝖䛻ゝཬ䛩䜛ຠᯝⓗ䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾᪉ ἲ䜢⪃䛘䜛䚹 䐟⮬⏤䛻⾜ື䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈Ᏻᚰ䛷䛝䜛᥋䛧᪉䜢䛩䜛䚹 䐠ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜䜔䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈ᐙ᪘䛜䜔 䜙䛺䛔䛷䠈䛒䛘䛶ṧ䛧䛶䛚䛔䛶䛒䛢䜛䚹 䐡ᐙ᪘䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢ᴦ䛧䛭䛖䛻䜔䛳䛶䛔䜛ጼ䜢ぢ 䛫䜛䚹 䐢ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢୍⥴䛻䜔䜙䛺䛔䛛㍍䛟ㄏ䛳䛶䜏䜛䚹 䐣䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛻ᡭఏ䛔䛸䛧䛶ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢䜔䛳䛶䜋䛧 䛔䛸㢗䜣䛷䜏䜛䚹 䐤ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢䛧䛯䜙䛤〔⨾䜢䛒䛢䜛⣙᮰䜢ᥦ䛧 䛶䜏䜛䚹 51 52 〔䜑䜛䛸䛿䠛 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝇䜻䝹 • • • • • • • • • 〔䜑䛯⤖ᯝ䠈䛭䛾⾜ື䛜ῶ䛳䛯䜙䠈ᐙ᪘䛜〔 䜑䜛䛸䛔䛖⾜Ⅽ䛿䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛻䛸䛳䛶〔䜑䜙䜜 䛯䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹 • ྏ䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䠈䛭䛾⾜ື䛜ቑ䛘䛯䜙䠈ᐙ᪘䛜ྏ 䜛䛸䛔䛖⾜Ⅽ䛿䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛻䛸䛳䛶〔䜑䜙䜜䛯 䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹 • ఱ䛜〔䜑䜛䛻䛺䜛䛛䛿䠈䛭䛾⾜Ⅽ䛻䜘䛳䛶䛚 Ꮚ䛥䜣䛾⾜ື䛜ቑ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛷☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛䚹 53 ▷䛟 ⫯ᐃⓗ䛻 ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䜛⾜ື䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 ⮬ศ䛾ឤ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛 ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䛾䛒䜛Ⓨゝ䜢䛩䜛 㒊ศⓗ䛻⮬ศ䛾㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜛 ⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩 ຓ䜢⏦䛧ฟ䜛 54 − 151 − ᑐᛂ䛾ኚ ⦎⩦๓ ⦎⩦ᚋ Ꮚ䠖 䠄ኤ᪉䠈䝔䝺䝡䛷㔝⌫䜢ぢ䛶 䛔䜛䠈䝸䝡䞁䜾䛻㝆䜚䛶䛟䜛䠅 ẕ䠖䛚Ⲕ䛷䜒㣧䜐䠛䠄Ᏻ Ᏻᚰ䛩䜛䛣 ẕ䠖᭱㏆䠈䛪䛳䛸㒊ᒇ䛻䛔䜛䛡䛹 䛸䠅 ఱ䛧䛶䜛䛾䠛䠄㆙ ㆙ᡄ䛩䜛䛣䛸䠅 Ꮚ䠖㣧䜐䚹 Ꮚ䠖ู䛻ఱ䜒䛧䛶䛺䛔䜘䚹 ẕ䠖䠄䛚Ⲕ䜢ฟ䛩䠅䛿䛔䠈䛹䛖䛮䚹 Ᏻᚰ䛩䜛䛣䛸䠅 䠄Ᏻ ẕ䠖ఱ䜒䛧䛶䛺䛔䛺䜙䠈䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾 Ꮚ䠖䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䚹 ྰᐃⓗ䠈 䛣䛸䜒ᑡ䛧⪃䛘䛯䜙䠛䠄ྰ ẕ䠖䛯䜎䛻䛿䠈䛣䛖䜔䛳䛶䛾䜣䜃䜚 ㆙ᡄ䛩䜛䛣䛸䠅 ୍⥴䛻䛚Ⲕ䜢㣧䜐䛾䜒䛔䛔䛽 Ꮚ䠖䜒䛖䠈䛖䜛䛥䛔䜣䛰䜘䚹䠄2㝵䛻 ▷䛟䠈⫯ᐃⓗ䛻䠈ゝཬ 䠄➗㢦䠅䠄▷ 䛧䛶䛔䜛⾜ື䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䠈⮬ ୖ䛜䛳䛶䛔䛟䠅 ศ䛾ឤ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䠅 䚹 Ꮚ䠖䠄ኤ᪉䠈䝔䝺䝡䛷㔝⌫䜢ぢ䛶 䛔䜛䠈䝸䝡䞁䜾䛻㝆䜚䛶䛟䜛䠅 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾⋓ᚓ 55 56 ▷䛟 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝇䜻䝹 • • • • • • • • ▷䛟 ⫯ᐃⓗ䛻 ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䜛⾜ື䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 ⮬ศ䛾ឤ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛 㒊ศⓗ䛻⮬ศ䛾㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜛 ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䛾䛒䜛Ⓨゝ䜢䛩䜛 ⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩 ຓ䜢⏦䛧ฟ䜛 • 㛗䛔䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䠈ከ䛟䛾ሙྜ䠈⪺䛝ᡭ䛾 Ẽᣢ䛱䜢๐䛔䛷䛧䜎䛖䚹 • ▷䛟ヰ䛩䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䠈┦ᡭ䛾ᵝᏊ䜢ぢ䛶ヰ䛧䛶䜘 䛥䛭䛖䛺ෆᐜ䜢ྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥ䛧䠈⡆₩䛻ఏ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈 ┦ᡭ䛾ヰ䜢䛧䛳䛛䜚⪺䛟䛣䛸䛻ព㆑䜢ྥ䛡䜛䛣䛸 䛷䛒䜛䚹 • ᬑẁ䛒䜎䜚䛿䛺䛧ヰ䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔ሙྜ䠈ヰ䛜䛷䛝䜛 䛣䛾䝏䝱䞁䝇䛻䜎䛷⪃䛘䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢䛩䜉䛶ヰ 䛭䛖䛸䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ヰ䛜㛗䛟䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䛜䛱䚹 57 58 ▷䛟 ⫯ᐃⓗ䛻 ᝏ䛔 Ⰻ䛔 • 䛚ẕ䛥䜣䛿䠈䛒䛺䛯䛜ᑗ᮶䛹 䛖䛧䛯䛔䛾䛛䛜↛䜟䛛䜙䛺 䛔䛾䟿䜒䛖ᚰ㓄䛷ᚰ㓄䛷䟿䛚 ẕ䛥䜣䛜䛒䛺䛯䛟䜙䛔ⱝ䛛䛳䛯 㡭䛿䠈䜒䛖䜔䜚䛯䛔䛣䛸䜀䛛䜚 䛷䠈ᐙ䛻䛺䜣䛶ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶䛔 䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䜟䚹䛒䛺䛯䜏䛯 䛔䛻ⱝ䛔ே䛿䠈䜏䜣䛺ክ䜢 ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䛶༙᪥䛰䛳䛶ᐙ䛻ᘬ 䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶䛺䜣䛛䛔䜙䜜䛺䛔䜒 䛾䜘䟿䜎䛳䛯䛟䠈ᑡ䛧䛟䜙䛔䛚 ẕ䛥䜣䛻ヰ䜢䛧䛶䛟䜜䛯䛳䛶Ṛ 䛼䜟䛡䛨䜓䛺䛔䛷䛧䜗䚹 • 䜒䛧䠈ఱ䛛⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜 䛒䛳䛯䜙ᩍ䛘䛶䛟䜜䛺䛔䛛 䛺䠛ᩍ䛘䛶䛟䜜䛯䜙䠈䛚ẕ䛥 䜣䜒ఱ䛛ᙺ䛻❧䛶䜛䛸ᛮ䛖 䜣䛰䛡䛹䚹 • 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛾Ⓨゝ䛻⫯ᐃⓗ䛻ᛂ䛩䜛䚹 • ᝏ䛔䛸䛣䜝䜀䛛䜚䛻ὀ┠䛧䛩䛞䛺䛔䚹 • ↓᮲௳䛾⫯ᐃⓗ㓄៖䠖┦ᡭ䛾䛒䜙䜖䜛Ⓨゝ 䛻䛴䛔䛶⫯ᐃⓗ䛻ᛂ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖ព䚹 • 䛂㽢㽢䛧䛶䛿䛔䛡䛺䛔䠄ྰᐃᩥ䠅䛃䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈 䛂䕿䕿䛩䜛䛸䛔䛔䜘䠄⫯ᐃᩥ䠅䛃䜢ᚰ䛜䛡䜛䚹 59 60 − 152 − ⫯ᐃⓗ䛻 ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䜛⾜ື䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 ᝏ䛔 Ⰻ䛔 • 䠄ᾏእ᪑⾜䛻⾜䛝䛯䛔䛸 䛔䛳䛯ᜥᏊ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠅ാ䛔 䛶䜒䛔䛺䛔䛾䛻䠈䛺䛻㉕ἑ 䛺䛣䛸ゝ䛳䛶䜛䛾䟿⚾䛜⾜ 䛝䛯䛔䜟䜘䠊 • 䠄ᾏእ᪑⾜䛻⾜䛝䛯䛔䛸 䛔䛳䛯ᜥᏊ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠅䛔䛔 䜟䛽䠊䛹䛣䛻⾜䛝䛯䛔䛾䠛 䠄ᜥᏊ䛜⾜䛝䛯䛔ሙᡤ䜢ゝ 䛖䠅䜈䛗䞊䠊䛭䛣䛻⾜䛝䛯䛔 䜣䛰䛽䠊 • 㣗୰䠈ᦠᖏ䜢䛔䛨䜛䛾䛿 䜔䜑䛺䛥䛔䚹 • 㣗୰䛿䠈ᑡ䛧ヰ䜢䛧䜘䛖䚹 䛣䛾㨶䠈䛚䛔䛧䛔䛷䛧䜗䠛 • ⾜ື䛾ኚ䛿䠈ᛮ⪃䜔ឤ䛾ኚ䜘䜚䜒ぢ 䛴䛡䜔䛩䛟䠈ホ౯䛧䜔䛩䛔䚹 • 〔䜑䜛䜒䠈ྏ䜛䜒䠈ලయⓗ䛻䛹䛾⾜ື䛻 䛴䛔䛶ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䚹 • ⾜ື䜢᫂☜䛻䛧䛺䛔〔䜑᪉䛷䛿䠈ḟ䛻䛹䛾⾜ ື䜢䛧䛯䜙〔䜑䜙䜜䜛䛾䛛䛜䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䚹 • ⾜ື䜢᫂☜䛻䛧䛺䛔ྏ䜚᪉䛿䠈ே᱁ྰᐃ䛻 䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䛛䛽䛺䛔䚹 61 62 ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䜛⾜ື䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 ⮬ศ䛾ឤ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛 ᝏ䛔 Ⰻ䛔 • 䜎䛳䛯䛟∦䛡䜢䛧䛶䛟䜜䛺 䛔䛡䛹䠈䛯䜎䛻䛿ᡭఏ䛳䛯 䜙䠛 • ኤ㣗䛾ᚋ䛻⮬ศ䛾䛚─䜢 ὶ䛧ྎ䜎䛷㐠䜣䛷䛟䜜䜛䠄≉ ᐃ䛾⾜ື䠅䛸䠈䛸䛶䜒ຓ䛛䜛 䛺䛑䚹 • 䛣䛾䜎䜎䛰䛸㥏┠䛰䛽䚹 • 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛾⾜ື䛻䛹䜣䛺ឤ䜢ᢪ䛔䛶䛔䜛䛛 䜢ᐙ᪘⮬㌟䛜⮬ぬ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛷䛩䚹 • ⣧⢋ᛶ䠖⮬㌟䛾ឤ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾Ẽ䛝 • 䛯䛰䛧䠈⮬㌟䛾ឤ䜢䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛻ఏ䛘䜛䛛䛿 ៅ㔜䛻᳨ウ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹 • 䜲䝷䜲䝷䛧䛯䛸䛝䠈≀䛻䛒䛯 䜛䠄≉ᐃ䛾⾜ື䠅䛾䛿䛔䛡 䛺䛔䛣䛸䛺䜣䛰䜘䚹 63 64 ⮬ศ䛾ឤ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛 ᝏ䛔 㒊ศⓗ䛻⮬ศ䛾㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜛 • እⓗ䛺䛝䛳䛛䛡䛾ศᯒ䜢㋃䜎䛘䛶䠈㒊ศⓗ䛻 ㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䜚 ㏉䛳䛶䜏䜛䚹 • ༢䛻䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䜢㠀㞴䛧䛯䛔䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ᐙ᪘ 䛜⮬㌟䛾ᙺ䜢䜘䛟⪃䛘䜘䛖䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛰䛸 䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛻♧䛩䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹 • 㒊ศⓗ䛺㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜛䝯䝑䝉䞊䝆䜢᭱ึ 䛻ఏ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䜢Ᏺ䜚䛾ጼໃ䛻ධ䜚 䛻䛟䛟䛥䛫䜛䚹 Ⰻ䛔 • 䛣䛾䜎䜎䛨䜓ఱ䜒ኚ䜟䜙䛺 • 䛣䛾䜎䜎䛰䛸䠈䛣䛾ඛ䛹䛖 䛔䛳䛶ఱᗘ䜒ゝ䛳䛶䜛䛷䛧䜗䠊 䛺䛳䛱䜓䛖䛾䛛䠈䛚ẕ䛥䜣ᚰ 㓄䛺䜣䛰䠄ឤ䛾᫂☜䠅䚹 䛒䛺䛯䛾䛯䜑䛻ゝ䛳䛶䜛䛾 䛒䛺䛯䛿䛹䛖ᛮ䛳䛶䜛䛾䛛 䛻䠈䛹䛖䛧䛶ศ䛛䛳䛶䛟䜜䛺 䛺䠛 䛔䛾䟿 65 66 − 153 − ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䛾䛒䜛Ⓨゝ䜢䛩䜛 㒊ศⓗ䛻⮬ศ䛾㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜛 ᝏ䛔 Ⰻ䛔 • 䛹䛖䛧䛶䛭䜣䛺ཱྀ䛾䛝䛝᪉ 䜢䛩䜛䛾䟿䛖䛱䛾ᐙᗞ䛜䛣 䜣䛺䜅䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䛾䜒䠈䜏 䜣䛺䛒䛺䛯䛾䛫䛔䜘䟿 • 䛚ẕ䛥䜣䜒ఱᗘ䜒ྠ䛨䛣䛸䜢 ゝ䛳䛯䛾䛿ᝏ䛛䛳䛯䜟䠄㒊 ศⓗ㈐௵䛾ཷ䛡ධ䜜䠅䚹䛷 䜒䛚ẕ䛥䜣䜒䛒䛺䛯䛾Ẽᣢ 䛱䜢▱䜚䛯䛔䛛䜙䠈ఱ䛛ヰ 䛧䛶䛟䜜䛺䛔䛛䛺䚹 • ෆⓗ䛺䛝䛳䛛䛡䛾ศᯒ䜢㋃䜎䛘䛶䠈ၥ㢟䛸 䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙⌮ゎ䛧䠈 ⌮ゎ䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢ゝⴥ䛻䛧䛶䜏䜛䚹 • ඹឤⓗ⌮ゎ䠖Ẽᣢ䛱䛻⌮ゎ䜢♧䛩䛣䛸 • ᐙ᪘䛾୰䛻䛿䛂ඹឤⓗ⌮ゎ䛃䜢♧䛩䛣䛸䛻 ᢠ䛾䛒䜛᪉䛜䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾⫼ᬒ䛻䛿䠈 䛂ඹឤⓗ ⌮ゎ䛃䜢♧䛩䛣䛸䛿䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛾⾜ື䜢チ䛩䛣 䛸䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸䛔䛖ㄗゎ䛜䛒䜛䚹 67 68 ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䛾䛒䜛Ⓨゝ䜢䛩䜛 ᝏ䛔 䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲 䐟⦎⩦䛩䜛ሙ㠃䜢Ỵ䜑䜎䛧䜗䛖 Ⰻ䛔 • 䛒䛺䛯䛜ఱ䜢⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䛾 • ☜䛛䛻䠈䛾䛒䛺䛯䛾≧ἣ 䛛䠈䜎䛳䛯䛟⌮ゎ䛷䛝䛺䛔䜟䚹 䛷䛔䜝䜣䛺䛣䛸䛻ᣮᡓ䛩䜛 䛚ẕ䛥䜣䛻䜒䛧䜒⮬⏤䛺 䜒䛾㞴䛧䛔䜘䛽䚹䛒䛺䛯⮬ 㛫䛜䛷䛝䛯䜙䠈ᐙ䛻䛺䜣䛛 ㌟䜒䠈䛴䜙䛔≧ἣ䛺䜣䛰䜘 䛽䚹 㛢䛨䛣䜒䛳䛶䛺䛔䛷䠈䛔䜝䜣 䛺䛣䛸䛻䝏䝱䝺䞁䝆䛩䜛䜟䜘䚹 䐠 䠄䠰䡄䛜Ꮚ䛹䜒ᙺ䜢䛧䛶䠅䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䜢䛧䛶䜏䜎䛧䜗䛖 䐡ᐙ᪘䛾ឤ䜢⪺䛝䜎䛧䜗䛖 䐢ᐙ᪘䛾䜘䛛䛳䛯䛸䛣䜝䜢ゝ䛳䛶䛒䛢䜎䛧䜗䛖 䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䠄▷䛟䠈⫯ᐃⓗ䛻䠈≉ᐃ䛾⾜ື䛻ὀព䜢ྥ䛡䜛䠈⮬ศ䛾ឤ 䛻ྡ๓䜢䛴䛡䜛䠈㒊ศⓗ䛻㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜛䠈⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩䠈ຓ 䜢⏦䛧ฟ䜛䠅䠈ጼໃ䠈ど⥺䠈⾲䠈ኌ䛾䛝䛥䠈ヰ䛩᪩䛥䠈ኌ䛾䝖䞊䞁䠈 ఏ䜟䜛㞺ᅖẼ䠈༳㇟䛻ṧ䛳䛯ゝⴥ䠈 䐣䛣䛖䛩䜛䛸䜘䜚䛔䛔䛛䜒䛸䛔䛖䛸䛣䜝䜢䠰䡄䛜ゝ䛳䛶䛒䛢䜎䛧䜗䛖 69 70 䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖 䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䛾᪉ἲ • ₇䛨䜛ᚲせ䛿䛺䛔䚹ゝⴥ䛾䜔䜚ྲྀ䜚䛛䜙ጞ䜑䜛䚹 • 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜ゝ䛔䛭䛖䛺䝉䝸䝣䜢䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾䜔䜚䛸 䜚䛛䜙䝢䝑䜽䜰䝑䝥䛧䛶䛚䛟䚹 • ⤖ㄽ䜢ᚓ䜛䜎䛷ヰ䛧⥆䛡䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈⡆₩䛷䠈 Ẽᣢ䛱䛾䜘䛔⤊䜟䜚᪉䜢ᚰ䛜䛡䜛䚹 • ᨵၿⅬ䛾ᣦ䛿䠈ᐙ᪘䛜䛷䛝䛭䛖䛺୍䛴䛾䝫䜲 䞁䝖䛻䛩䜛䚹 • ᨵၿⅬ䛜ᐇ㊶䛷䛝䜛䛛䠈ྠ䛨ሙ㠃䛷ᗘ䝻䞊䝹 䝥䝺䜲䜢⾜䛖䚹 • ே⤌䜢䛴䛟䜚䜎䛩䚹 • ୍ே䛜ᨭ⪅䠈䜒䛖୍ே䛜ᐙ᪘䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹 • ᨭ⪅䛜䝸䞊䝗䛧䛺䛜䜙䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䜢䛧䜎䛩䚹 • 䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䜢䛩䜛䛸䛝䛿䠈ᨭ⪅䛜ᙜ⪅ ᙺ䜢₇䛨䜎䛩䚹 • 䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䛿1ศ⛬ᗘ䛻䛧䜎䛩䚹 • 䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䛜⤊䜟䛳䛯䜙䠈ᨭ⪅䛜䝸䞊䝗䛧 䛺䛜䜙䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䛾⥆䛝䜢⾜䛔䜎䛩䚹 71 72 − 154 − ᐇ㊶⦎⩦ • ᜥᏊ䛿28ṓ䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䛩䛜䠈⮬Ꮿ䛻ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳 䛶䜢䛧䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䚹⮬Ꮿ䛻ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶䛛䜙 3ᖺ㏆䛟䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹 • ᭱㏆䛿2㝵䛾⮬ᐊ䛷㐣䛤䛩䛣䛸䛜ከ䛟䠈䜋䛸䜣䛹 ୍㝵䛻㝆䜚䛶䛝䜎䛫䜣䚹ኪ䛤㣤䛻㔝⌫䛾䝔䝺䝡 䜢ぢ䛶䛔䜛䛿䠈䛯䜎䛻୍㝵䛾䝸䝡䞁䜾䛻㝆䜚䛶 䛝䛶䠰䠲䜢ぢ䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䝸䝡䞁䜾䛻㝆䜚䛶䛝䛯䛸䛝 䛿䠈䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾䛣䛸䜢ヰ䛭䛖䛸ᛮ䛖䛾䛷䛩䛜䠈ヰ䛧 䛛䛡䛯㏵➃䛻2㝵䛻ୖ䛜䛳䛶⾜䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䜎䛩䚹 • 䜋䛸䜣䛹ヰ䜒䛷䛝䛺䛔≧ἣ䛺䛾䛷䠈䛹䛖䛧䛯䜙䛔 䛔䛾䛛ᅔ䜚ᯝ䛶䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹 ၥ㢟⾜ື䛾⌮ゎ ඛᅇ䜚䜢䜔䜑䠈䛧䛳䛛䜚䛸ྥ䛝ྜ䛳䛶 ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䜢ῶ䜙䛩 73 74 ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䜢ῶ䜙䛩᪉㔪 HW䜚㏉䜚䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖 • ㆙ᡄᚰ䜢⦆䜑䠈ᐙᗞ䛾㞺ᅖẼ䜢✜䜔䛛䛻䛩䜛 • 䜔䛳䛶䛝䛯䛣䛸䜢ᙉ䛩䜛䚹 • ฟ᮶䛶䛔䛯䛸䛣䜝䜢ᙉ䛩䜛䚹 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 • ฟ᮶䛶䛔䛺䛔䠈䜔䛳䛶䛣䛺䛛䛳䛯ሙྜ䠈䛹䜣䛺 䛸䛣䜝䛜㞴䛧䛛䛳䛯䛛䜢ᩍ䛘䛶䜒䜙䛖䚹 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛜䛺䛬㉳䛣䜛䛾䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛 • 㞴䛧䛛䛳䛯䛸䛣䜝䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ᚲせ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶㈨ᩱ 䜢䜚㏉䜚䛺䛜䜙ㄝ᫂䜢䛩䜛䚹ㅮ⩏ⓗ䛻䛺䜙䛺 䛔䜘䛖䛻ὀព䛩䜛䚹 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛜㉳䛣䜚䛻䛟䛔ᕤኵ䜢䛩䜛 • ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䜢䛧䛯䛸䛝䛻䛧䛳䛛䜚䛸ྥ䛝ྜ䛳 䛶ᑐᛂ䛩䜛 75 76 Ẽ䛻䛺䜛⾜ື䛾䝸䝇䝖 ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື • • • • • • • • • • • • • ാ䛛䛺䛔 ᐙ᪘䛸ヰ䜢䛧䛺䛔 㒊ᒇ䛛䜙ฟ䛶䛣䛺䛔 ኪ㏫㌿ ᭀゝ䠈ᭀຊ 䝀䞊䝮䠈䠬䠟౫Ꮡ 㝗䛳䛶䛿䛔䛡䛺䛔౫Ꮡ䞉ᅇ㑊⾜ື ᡞ⥾䜚 Ὑ℆䜢䛩䜛 ᣵᣜ䜢䛩䜛 ≟䛾ᩓṌ䜢䛩䜛 ㈙䛔≀䛻⾜䛟 㔜䛔䜒䛾䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛟䜜䜛 ㌴䛷䛾㏦䜚㏄䛘 ἳἼἕἚ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚≧ែ ≧ἣ 77 䝀䞊䝮䜢䛩䜛 ⾜ື ἙἳἼἕἚ ᴦ䛧䛔 ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ ⌧≧௨ୗ䛾⏕ά 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ 78 − 155 − ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ • ᜥᏊ䛿25ṓ䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䛩䛜䠈⮬Ꮿ䛻ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶 䜢䛧䛶䛔䜎䛫䜣䚹⮬Ꮿ䛻ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶䛛䜙3䞄᭶㏆䛟䛻 䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹䛣䛾䜎䜎䛷䛿䛔䛡䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖ᛮ䛔䛻㥑䜙䜜䜎 䛩䛜䠈↔䜙䛫䛶䛿䛔䛡䛺䛔䛸䛭䛳䛸䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹 • 䛒䜛᪥䠈ᜥᏊ䛜㐣䛞䛻㉳䛝䛶䛝䛯䛸䛝䛻䠈䛂ఱ䜒䛫䛪 䛻ᐙ䛻䛔䜛䜣䛰䛛䜙䠈ᮅ䛠䜙䛔᪩䛟㉳䛝䛯䜙䛃䛸ゝ䛳䛶 䛧䜎䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹䛩䜛䛸ᜥᏊ䛜䠈䛂䛖䜛䛥䛔䠈ನ䛜ఱ䛧䜘䛖 䛸ᡭ䛰䜝䟿䛃䛸ᛣ㬆䜚䜎䛧䛯䚹⚾䛿㦫䛔䛶䛧䜎䛔䠈ఱ 䜒ゝ䛘䛺䛟䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹 • 䛭䜜䛛䜙ᜥᏊ䛾ᐙ᪘䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᭀຊ䛜⥆䛟䜘䛖䛻䛺䜚䜎 䛧䛯䚹 79 80 ᐇ㊶⦎⩦ ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛾 • ே⤌䜢䛴䛟䜚䜎䛩䚹 • ୍ே䛜ᨭ⪅䠈䜒䛖୍ே䛜ᐙ᪘䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹 • ᐙ᪘䛾ヰ䜢⫈䛝䛺䛜䜙䠈ᨭ⪅䛜ᶵ⬟ศᯒ 䛾䝽䞊䜽䝅䞊䝖䛻グධ䛧䜎䛩䚹 • ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛾సᡂ䛜⤊䜟䛳䛯䜙䠈ᨭ⪅䛜ศ ᯒෆᐜ䜢せ⣙䛧䛶ᐙ᪘䛻ఏ䛘䜎䛩䚹 • ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䜢䜔䛳䛶䜏䛶䠈ᐙ᪘䛜Ẽ䛵䛔䛯䛣䛸 䛻䛴䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛔䜎䛩䚹 81 82 ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛷 ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩䝫䜲䞁䝖 ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ • እⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䛷䛿ලయⓗ䛻≧ἣ䜢グ㏙䛧䠈ᮃ䜎 䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛜ㄏⓎ䛥䜜䜛ඛ⾜᮲௳䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䚹 • ෆⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䛷䛿ᵝ䚻䛺ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢᳨ウ䛧䠈Ꮚ䛹 䜒䛾Ẽᣢ䛱䛻㛵䛩䜛ᰂ㌾䛺ᛮ⪃䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩䚹 • ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䛷䛿䠈ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䜢⥔ᣢ䛥䛫䛶 䛔䜛䝯䝸䝑䝖䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䚹䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䜒䛒䜛ሙྜ 䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈䛭䜜䛿䝯䝸䝑䝖䜘䜚䜒ᚋ䛻㉳䛣䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹 • 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䛷䛿䠈ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛾⤖ᮎ䛸䛧䛶 ㉳䛣䜛䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䚹ᮏே䛜ྠព䛷䛝 䜛䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜ぢ䛴䛡䜙䜜䜛䛸䜘䜚Ⰻ䛔䚹 • እⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䠖䛹䜣䛺≧ἣ䛷䜔䛳䛯䛾䛛䠛 • ෆⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䠖䛹䜣䛺Ẽᣢ䛱䛷䜔䛳䛯䛾䛛䠛 • ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䠖䛹䜣䛺䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜䛒䛳䛯䛛䠛 • 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䠖䛹䜣䛺䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜䛒䜛䛛䠛 83 84 − 156 − ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛸 ᑐᛂ᪉ἲ䜢䛴䛺䛢䜛 ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䜢⾜䛖ၥ㢟⾜ື䜢㑅䜆 • እⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䛛䜙䠈㒊ศⓗ䛻㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜙 䜜䜛వᆅ䛜䛺䛔䛛᳨ウ䛩䜛䚹 • ෆⓗ䛝䛳䛛䛡䛷䜟䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢ゝⴥ䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈 ཷᐜ䠈ඹឤ䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛䚹 • ▷ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝯䝸䝑䝖䛾㝖ཤ䠈䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䛾 ⏕㉳䛾䛯䜑䛾ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟䛺ලయⓗ᪉ἲ䜢⪃䛘䜛䚹 • 㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᮏே䛜ྠព䛷䛝䜛䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖 䛻䛴䛔䛶ゝཬ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝 䜛䚹 • 䛣䜜䜙䛾䛖䛱䜽䝷䜲䜶䞁䝖䛜ᐇྍ⬟䛺䜒䛾䜢୍ 䛴䛷䜒䜘䛔䛾䛷ぢฟ䛩䚹 • ၥ㢟⾜ື䛾๓ᚋ䛜᫂☜䛺䜶䝢䝋䞊䝗䛜ศᯒ䛧 䜔䛩䛔䚹䠖ᭀゝ䠈䛺䛹 • ၥ㢟⾜ື䛾ጞ䜎䜚䛜᫂䛺ሙྜ䠄䠖ᩘᖺ㛫 ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶䛔䜛䠈୍᪥୰䝀䞊䝮䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛䠈 䛺䛹䠅䠈ၥ㢟⾜ື䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛≧ἣ䜢䛂እⓗ䛝䛳 䛛䛡䛃䠈䛭䛾䛸䛝䛾Ẽᣢ䛱䠈ᛮ⪃䜢䛂ෆⓗ䛝䛳 䛛䛡䛃䠈ၥ㢟⾜ື䛻䜘䜛䝯䝸䝑䝖䜢䛂▷ᮇⓗ⤖ ᯝ䛃䠈䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䜢䛂㛗ᮇⓗ⤖ᯝ䛃䛻グ㍕䛩䜛䚹 85 86 ⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝇䜻䝹 • • • • • • • • ▷䛟 ⫯ᐃⓗ䛻 ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䜛⾜ື䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛 ⮬ศ䛾ឤ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛 ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䛾䛒䜛Ⓨゝ䜢䛩䜛 㒊ศⓗ䛻⮬ศ䛾㈐௵䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜛 ⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩 ຓ䜢⏦䛧ฟ䜛 • ▷ᮇⓗ䛺⤖ᯝ䛾ศᯒ䛛䜙䠈ၥ㢟⾜ື䛜⥔ᣢ䛥䜜 䜛⫼ᬒ䛻䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜▷ᮇⓗ䛻䝯䝸䝑䝖䜢ᚓ䛶䛔 䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻ඹឤⓗ⌮ゎ䜢♧䛩䛣䛸䛷䠈┦ᡭ䛾Ᏺ 䜚䜢ゎ䛟䚹 • 㛗ᮇⓗ䛺⤖ᯝ䛾ศᯒ䜢㋃䜎䛘䛶䠈㛗ᮇⓗ䛻㉳䛣 䜚䛖䜛䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜ྠព䛷䛝䜛䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䜢ᚲせ᭱ ᑠ㝈ఏ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛾⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩䛣䛸䛜 ฟ᮶䜛䚹 • ⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩䛻䛿ఏ䛘䜛㡰␒䠈䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䛜䚹 87 88 ⮬┬䜢ಁ䛩 ຓ䜢⏦䛧ฟ䜛 ᝏ䛔 Ⰻ䛔 • ゝ䛔䛯䛔䛣䛸䜢ゝ䛘䛺䛔䛸 ୡ㛫䛷䛿䜔䛳䛶䛔䛡䛺䛔䜣 䛰䜘䚹 • ⮬ศ䛾䛣䛸䜢ゝ䜟䛺䛔䛷䛔 䜛䛸䠈䛭䛾䛸䛝䛿ᴦ䛛䜒䛧䜜 䛺䛔䛡䛹䠄▷ᮇⓗ䝯䝸䝑䝖䜈 䛾ඹឤ䠅䠈䛭䜜䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧䛶 䛔䜛䛸䠈䛒䛺䛯䛾Ẽᣢ䛱䛜 䛾ே䛻ఏ䜟䜙䛺䛟䛺䛳 䛱䜓䛖䜣䛰䜘䠄䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜ྠ ព䛷䛝䜛㛗ᮇⓗ䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䜈 䛾ゝཬ䠅䚹 • ⮬┬䜢ಁ䛧䛯䛻䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜⾜䛝ワ䛳䛯䜘䛖 䛺ᵝᏊ䜢♧䛧䛯ሙྜ䠈㠀㞴䛫䛪䠈༠ຊⓗ䛺ᨭ 䜢⏦䛧ฟ䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛿ຓ䛾⏦䛧 ฟ䜢ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜔䛩䛟䛺䜛䚹 • 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜⾜䛝ワ䛳䛯䜘䛖䛺ᵝᏊ䜢♧䛧䛯ሙ ྜ䛻䛿䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛻䜔䛥䛧䛟䛻䠈䛂䛹䛖䛧䛶䜋䛧 䛔䛾䛛䛃䜢ゝ䛳䛶䜒䜙䛖䚹䛭䛧䛶䠈䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜 ゝ䛳䛯䛣䛸䛻䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢 䛳䛶ᛂ⟅䛧䛶䛔䛟䚹 89 90 − 157 − ຓ䜢⏦䛧ฟ䜛 ᐇ㊶⦎⩦ 䐟⦎⩦䛩䜛ሙ㠃䜢Ỵ䜑䜎䛧䜗䛖 ᝏ䛔 Ⰻ䛔 • 䛚ẕ䛥䜣䛜ᑗ᮶䛾䛣䛸䜢⪺ 䛟䛸䠈䛒䛺䛯䛿䛂䛖䜛䛥䛔䟿䛭 䛾䛖䛱⮬ศ䛷ఱ䛸䛛䛩䜛䛃䛳 䛶ゝ䛳䛶䜛䛡䛹䠈⤖ᒁఱ䜒 䛧䛺䛔䛨䜓䛺䛔䚹 • 䛚ẕ䛥䜣䛜ᑗ᮶䛾䛣䛸䜢⪺ 䛔䛶䜒䠈䠍ே䛷ఱ䛛䜢ጞ䜑 䜛䛳䛶䛔䛖䛾䛿㞴䛧䛔䛸ᛮ䛖 䛛䜙䠈䛚ẕ䛥䜣䛻ఱ䛛ᡭఏ 䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䛳䛯䜙䠈䛚ẕ䛥 䜣䛻䛹䛖䛧䛶䜋䛧䛔䛾䛛 ゝ䛳䛶䛽䚹 䐠୍ᅇ䜔䛳䛶䜏䜎䛧䜗䛖 䐡䜔䛳䛶䛟䜜䛯ே䛾ឤ䜢⪺䛝䜎䛧䜗䛖 䐢䜔䛳䛶䛟䜜䛯ே䛾䜘䛛䛳䛯䛸䛣䜝䜢ヰ䛧ྜ䛔䜎䛧䜗䛖 䐣䛣䛖䛩䜛䛸䜘䜚䛔䛔䛛䜒䛸䛔䛖䛸䛣䜝䜢ヰ䛧ྜ䛔䜎䛧䜗䛖 91 92 䛹䛖䛧䛶䜋䛧䛔䛾䠛 䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁 ᐇ㊶⦎⩦䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖 • ₇䛨䜛ᚲせ䛿䛺䛔䚹ゝⴥ䛾䜔䜚ྲྀ䜚䛛䜙ጞ䜑䜛䚹 • 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛜ゝ䛔䛭䛖䛺䝉䝸䝣䜢䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾䜔䜚䛸 䜚䛛䜙䝢䝑䜽䜰䝑䝥䛧䛶䛚䛟䚹 • ⤖ㄽ䜢ᚓ䜛䜎䛷ヰ䛧⥆䛡䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈⡆₩䛷䠈 Ẽᣢ䛱䛾䜘䛔⤊䜟䜚᪉䜢ᚰ䛜䛡䜛䚹 • ᨵၿⅬ䛾ᣦ䛿䠈䜽䝷䜲䜶䞁䝖䛜䛷䛝䛭䛖䛺୍䛴 䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖䛻䛩䜛䚹 • ᨵၿⅬ䛜ᐇ㊶䛷䛝䜛䛛䠈ྠ䛨ሙ㠃䛷ᗘ䝻䞊䝹 䝥䝺䜲䜢⾜䛖䚹 ⦎⩦๓ ⦎⩦ᚋ ẕ䠖䛺䜣䛷ጒ䜢䛯䛯䛟䛾䚹⏨䛜 ዪ䜢䛯䛯䛟䛺䜣䛶䠈᭱ప䛰䜘䚹 Ꮚ:䛣䛔䛴䛜ຮᙉ䛧䛺䛔䛛䜙䠈 ຮᙉ䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻ゝ䛳䛶䛯䜣䛰䚹 Ꮚ䠖䛖䜛䛫䛘䜣䛰䜘䚹 ẕ䠖AᏊ䛻䛹䛖䛧䛶䜋䛧䛔䛾䠛䠄䛹 䛖䛧䛶䜋䛧䛔䛾䠛䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵 䞁䠅 Ꮚ䠖ຮᙉ䛧䛶䜋䛧䛔䜣䛰䚹 ẕ:䛹䛖䛧䛶䠛 Ꮚ䠖ನ䜏䛯䛔䛻䛺䛳䛶䜋䛧䛟䛺䛔 䛛䜙䚹 ẕ䠖AᏊ䛾䛣䛸ᚰ㓄䛧䛶䛟䜜䛶䜛䜣 䛰䛽䠄ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䛾䛒䜛Ⓨゝ䠅 䚹䛒 䜚䛜䛸䛖䠄⮬ศ䛾ឤ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩 䜛䠅䚹Ẽᣢ䛱䜢ゝⴥ䛷ఏ䛘䛯䜙䛔 䛔䛸ᛮ䛖䜘䠄⫯ᐃⓗ䛻䠅䚹 ጒ䠖䛚䛱䜓䜣䛰䛳䛶ᐙ䛷䝂䝻 䝂䝻䛧䛶䜛䛰䛡䛷䠈ຮᙉ䛺䜣䛛 䛧䛶䛺䛔䛨䜓䛺䛔䚹 Ꮚ䠖䛖䜛䛫䛘䜣䛰䜘䚹 ẕ䠖䛔䛔ຍῶ䛻䛧䛺䛥䛔䟿 93 94 ᭀຊⓗ⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ ᭀຊⓗ⾜ື䛾ண㜵 95 96 − 158 − ᭀຊⓗ⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛾 • ᜥᏊ䛿29ṓ䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䛩䛜䠈⮬Ꮿ䛻ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶ᐙ ᪘䛸䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䜒䛒䜎䜚䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䚹⮬Ꮿ䛻 ᘬ䛝䛣䜒䛳䛶䛛䜙䠐ᖺ௨ୖ䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹䛣䛾䜎䜎䛷䛿 䛔䛡䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖ᛮ䛔䛻㥑䜙䜜䜎䛩䛜䠈↔䜙䛫䛶䛿䛔䛡 䛺䛔䛸䛭䛳䛸䛧䛶䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹 • 䛧䛛䛧䠈䛒䜛᪥䠈ᜥᏊ䛜䝟䝋䝁䞁䛷䝀䞊䝮䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸 䛝䛻䠈ᑗ᮶䛾䛣䛸䛜Ᏻ䛻䛺䜚䠈䛂ᑗ᮶䛹䛖䛩䜛䛾䠛 ᑡ䛧䛿䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䛯䜙䛃䛸ゝ䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䜎䛧 䛯䚹䛩䜛䛸ᜥᏊ䛿䛂䛖䜛䛥䛔䟿䛃䛸ᛣ㬆䜚䛺䛜䜙ቨ䜢 ㋾䛳䛶✰䜢䛒䛡䛶䛧䜎䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹⚾䛿㦫䛔䛶䛧䜎䛔䠈 ఱ䜒ゝ䛘䛺䛟䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹 97 98 ᭀຊ⾜ື䛾ᶵ⬟ศᯒ䛷ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩䝫䜲䞁䝖 • ᭀຊ⾜ື䛾⛬ᗘ䠈㢖ᗘ䛛䜙῝้ᗘ䜢ᰝᐃ䛩䜛䚹 • ᭀຊ⾜ື䛾๓䛸䛺䜛䛂㉥ಙྕ䛃䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䚹 • ㉥ಙྕ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯ሙྜ䛾Ᏻ☜ಖ䛾᪉ἲ䠄䛭 䛾ሙ䛛䜙㞳䜜䜛䠈⮬Ꮿእ䜈䛾㏥㑊䠈䛺䛹䠅䛻䛴 䛔䛶ලయⓗ䛻Ỵ䜑䛶䛚䛟䚹 ┦ㄯᶵ㛵䛾⏝䜢ୖᡭ䛻່䜑䜛 99 100 ཷ⒪䜢່䜑䜛䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾 ┦ㄯ䜢ಁ䛩䛸䛝䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖 • 㔜䛺ၥ㢟䜢㉳䛣䛧䛶ᚋ䛧䛶䛔䜛 • ᮏே䛜ྠព䛧䛯ሙྜ䠈䛴䛺䛢䜙䜜䜛ሙᡤ䜢☜ ಖ䛧䛶䛚䛟䚹⌮ⓗ䛻䛿䠎䛛ᡤ௨ୖ䛾㑅ᢥ⫥ 䜢⏝ព䛧䛶䛚䛟䚹 • ⮬ศ䛾ၥ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䛟ண䛧䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯ពぢ 䜢⪺䛔䛶䠈ືᦂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛 • 䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䜢ぢ㏨䛥䛺䛔ᮏே䛜ྠព䛧䛯ᚋ䛿 ༶ᗙ䛻ື䛟䠄䠖ཷデ䛩䜛䠈ண⣙䜢ධ䜜䜛䠈䛺 䛹䠅 • ୍ᗘ䛷⤖ㄽ䜢ぢฟ䛩ᚲせ䛿䛺䛔 • ᐙ᪘䛜䜹䜴䞁䝉䝸䞁䜾䛷䜔䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢ᑜ䛽䜙䜜 䛯 • ᐙ᪘䛾⾜ື䛜ኚ䛧䛯⌮⏤䜢ᑜ䛽䜙䜜䛯 101 102 − 159 − 䛔䛔䛘 ཷ⒪䜢່䜑䜛㝿䛾 䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝇䜻䝹䛾ᨵၿ ⦎⩦๓ ⦎⩦ᚋ ẕ:┦ㄯ䛻⾜䛳䛶䜏䛯䜙䠛 Ꮚ:䛹䛣䛻⾜䛡䜀䛔䛔䛾䠛 ẕ:䛭䛖䛽䠈䛭䛾䛖䛱᥈䛧䛶䛚䛟䜟䚹 ⮬ศ䛷䜒᥈䛧䛶䜏䛶䛽䚹 Ꮚ䠖䛖䜣䚹䜟䛛䛳䛯䚹 ẕ:┦ㄯ䛻⾜䛳䛶䜏䛯䜙䠛 Ꮚ:䛹䛣䛻⾜䛡䜀䛔䛔䛾䠛 STEP1 䛔䛔䛘 STEP2 ᐙ᪘䛜Ẽᣢ䛱䛻䜖䛸 䜚䜢䜒䛶䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛 STEP3 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛿 Ⰻዲ䛛䠛 STEP4 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛿ඖẼ䜢ᅇ 䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛 STEP5 䛚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛸ᚋ䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛻 䛴䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛 䐥ᐙ᪘⮬㌟䛾⏕ά䜢㇏䛛䛻䛩䜛 䜒䛧䛟䛿䠈ᐙ᪘⮬㌟䛾䛯䜑䛾ᨭ䜢ཷ䛡䜛 䛿䛔 䛔䛔䛘 ẕ䠖䝃䝫䝇䝔䛸䛛䠈䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᆅᇦᨭ 䝉䞁䝍䞊䛸䛛䛷ヰ䜢⪺䛔䛶䜒䜙䛘 䜛䜏䛯䛔䛰䛛䜙䠈ヨ䛻⾜䛳䛶䜏䜛䠛 ẕ䠖䛨䜓䠈㐌䛾ᅵ᭙᪥䛻୍⥴䛻⾜䛳 䛶䜏䜘䛖䛽䚹 䠄ලయⓗ䛺ィ⏬䜢༶ᗙ䛻❧䛶䜛䠅 Ꮚ䠖䛖䜣䚹䜟䛛䛳䛯䚹 103 䐠ၥ㢟⾜ື䛾⌮ゎ 䐢䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾⋓ᚓ 䛿䛔 䐣ୖᡭ䛻䜋䜑䛶ᮃ䜎䛧䛔⾜ື䜢ቑ䜔䛩 䐤ඛᅇ䜚䜢䜔䜑䠈䛧䛳䛛䜚䛸ྥ䛝ྜ䛳䛶ᮃ 䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔⾜ື䜢ῶ䜙䛩 䛔䛔䛘 Ꮚ䠖䛖䜣䚹 ẕ䠖䝃䝫䝇䝔䛳䛶䛔䛖䛾䛜䛒䜛䜙 䛧䛔䜣䛰䛡䛹䠈⾜䛳䛶䜏䜛䠛 Ꮚ䠖䛘䠛䛭䜣䛺䛾⾜䛛䛺䛔䜘䚹 䐡ᭀຊⓗ⾜ື䛾ண㜵 䛿䛔 䠄」ᩘ䛾㑅ᢥ⫥䠈ヨ䛻⾜䛟䛸䛔䛖ㄏ䛔᪉䠅 䠄ᩘ᪥ᚋ䠅 ῝้䛺ᐙᗞෆᭀຊ䛿䛺䛔䛛䠛 䛿䛔 䛔䛔䛘 䐦┦ㄯᶵ㛵䛾⏝䜢ୖᡭ䛻່䜑䜛 䛿䛔 STEP6 䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䛺䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵 䞁䜢⏝䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛔䜢⥆䛡䜛 ᚋ䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛻䛴䛔䛶ヰ䛧ྜ䛘䜛 䜎䛷䛾㐣⛬䠄ቃ䞉㔝୰䠈2013䠅 104 ƻƖƜNjǓཞ७ǁƷૅੲƷ්Ǖ ᲢؾᲦ2007ƴьᇿᲣ ܼଈƸӖၲӧᏡƔᲹ ƍƍƑ ᙀяႎെƷဇ ᚧբȷ᩼ݣ᩿ ƍƍƑ Ƹƍ 䜎䛸䜑 ஜʴƸӖၲӧᏡƔᲹ ƍƍƑ ܼଈʼλưӖၲƴ ƭƳƛǒǕǔƔᲹ Ƹƍ Ƹƍ CRAFT ዒዓႎၲȷ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᨭ䛾 䝯䜲䞁䝇䝖䝸䞊䝖 ᅈ˟ࣄ࠙ૅੲ ⾜ືάᛶ⒪ἲ䠈䠯䠯䠰 105 ㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ䛻䜘䜛 ⱝ⪅䛾䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᨭ ᐙ᪘ᨭ ᐙ᪘㛵ಀ䛾Ⰻᚠ⎔ • Step䠍 ぶ䛾䛷䛾⮬ຓ䜾䝹䞊䝥 • Step䠎 㞟ᅋᙧᘧ䛾CRAFT䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 • Step䠏 ಶูᙧᘧ䛾CRAFT䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 䝯䝸䝑䝖 ᐙ᪘ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 ᮏேᨭ • Step䠍 ⾜ືάᛶ⒪ἲ • Step䠎 ♫ⓗ䝇䜻䝹カ⦎ • Step䠏 ಶูᙧᘧ䛾ㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ䠄DTR䚸ERP䚸PST䠅 㐺ษ䛺ᑐᛂ 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᅇ ᐙ᪘䛸䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᙜ⪅䛾୧⪅䛻 䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜䜒䛯䜙䛥䜜䜛Ⰻᚠ⎔䜢స䜛 䝯䝸䝑䝖 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᙜ⪅ 䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱 106 • ᪤Ꮡ䛾┦ㄯᶵ㛵䠄䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚ᆅᇦᨭ䝉䞁䝍䞊䠈ᆅᇦⱝ⪅䝃䝫䞊䝖 䝇䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䠈䛺䛹䠅䛸㐃ᦠ䛧䛯䠈ᙉయ㦂䛜ᢸಖ䛥䜜䜛⎔ቃ䛵䛟䜚 స䜚 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚 107 䜂䛝䛣䜒䜚䛾ᅇ 㐺ษ䛺ᑐᛂ 108 − 160 − ᪥ᮏCRA◊✲䛾ෆ 㐃⤡ඛ • ྡ⛠䠖᪥ᮏ䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱ᙉ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䠄CRA䠅◊✲ • 䛈770Ͳ8502 ᚨᓥᕷ༡ᖖ୕ᓥ⏫䠍䠉䠍 ᚨᓥᏛ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ㒊 ቃ Ἠὒ◊✲ᐊ • Tel&Fax:088Ͳ656Ͳ7191 䠄┤㏻䠅 • EͲmail˖sakai.motohiro@tokushimaͲu.ac.jp • 䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆䠖http://web.ias.tokushimaͲu.ac.jp/motohiro/ • ௦⾲䠖ྜྷ⏣⢭ḟ䠄⸛㔛㝔 㝔㛗䠅 • ົᒁ䠖ቃ Ἠὒ䠄ᚨᓥᏛᏛ㝔 ᩍᤵ䠅 㔝୰ಇ䠄᪩✄⏣ᏛᏛ㝔 ༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬䠅 • άືෆᐜ䠖A/CRA/FT䛾ᬑཬ䚸ᩍ⫱䚸◊✲ • ㈝䠖↓ᩱ • • • • • ┦ㄯ䜢ᕼᮃ䛥䜜䜛᪉䛿䠈ᚨᓥᏛ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮┦ㄯᐊ䛻䛚⏦䛧 ㎸䜏䛟䛰䛥䛔䠄せண⣙䠅䠊 • Tel :088Ͳ656Ͳ9849䠄┤㏻䠅 • EͲmail:[email protected]Ͳu.ac.jp • 䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆䠖http://web.ias.tokushimaͲu.ac.jp/cͲpsyc/ ⏦㎸᪉ἲ ௳ྡ䠖᪥ᮏCRA◊✲ධ ᮏᩥ䠖Ặྡ䚸ᡤᒓ䚸ఫᡤ䚸㟁ヰ䚸eͲmail䜢グ㍕ ⏦㎸ඛ䠖[email protected] 109 110 − 161 − ཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠㸦㞀ᐖ⪅ᑐ⟇⥲ྜ◊✲ᴗ㸧 ࠕࡦࡁࡇࡶࡾ≧ែࢆక࠺ᗈỗᛶⓎ㐩㞀ᐖ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ᑐࡍࡿ ㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲࡢຠᯝ㸸&5$)7 ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㐺⏝ࠖ ᖹᡂ 㹼 ᖺᗘ⥲ᣓ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ Ⓨ⾜᪥㸸ᖹᡂ 㸦㸧ᖺ㸱᭶ Ⓨ⾜⪅㸸௵◊✲⪅ ቃ Ἠὒ Ⓨ⾜ᡤ㸸ᚨᓥᏛᏛ㝔㺝㺚㺓㺃㺏㺎㺠㺃㺏㺻㺢㺼㺃㺙㺐㺒㺻㺛◊✲㒊 ᇶ♏⛉Ꮫ◊✲㒊㛛 ே㛫⛉Ꮫศ㔝 ⮫ᗋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ᐊ ࠛ ᚨᓥ┴ᚨᓥᕷ༡ᖖ୕ᓥ㸯┠㸯␒ᆅ 7(/)$; − 162 −