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多様な中央アジア仏教におけるトカラ仏教の位置づけ
㱟㇂Ꮫࢪᩍᩥ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ No. 12-16㸦2013 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ᪥㸧 㸦2011 ᖺᗘබເ◊✲ᡂᯝㄽᩥ㸧 ከᵝ࡞୰ኸࢪᩍ࠾ࡅࡿࢺ࢝ࣛᩍࡢ⨨࡙ࡅ Ⲷཎ ⿱ᩄ ୰ᅜேẸᏛᅜᏛ㝔࣭すᇦṔྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤ ┠ḟ 1: ᑟධ–ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ 2: ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱᴫほ 2-1: ゝㄒࡼࡿศ㢮 2-2: ෆᐜ࣭ゝㄒ≉ᚩ࣭ᩥᏐࡢほⅬࡽࡢศ㢮 3: ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢ⤂ 3-1: 3-2: ୡᩥ᭩ 4: ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢ⨨ࡅࡘ࠸࡚ 5: ⤖ㄽ–ࢺ࢝ࣛᩍࡢ⨨ࡅྥࡅ࡚ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ ᰿ᮏㄝ୍ษ᭷㒊 すᇦ㐨 ᪑㡰༤≀㤋 ᑟධ̽ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ ᮏ✏ࡣすᇦ㐨ࡢᩍࡢ୰ᚰᆅࡋ࡚ᩍᩥࡀ⦾ᰤࡋࡓࢡࢳࣕࡢゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࢺ࢝ࣛ ㄒ B (ᡈ࠸ࡣࢡࢳࣕㄒ) ⛠ࡉࢀࡿゝㄒ࡛᭩ࡉࢀࡓᩥ⊩㈨ᩱࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣒ࣛ௨๓ ࡢࢡࢳࣕࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓすᇦ㐨࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᡤㅝࢺ࢝ࣛᩍࡢᵝ┦ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୍➃ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ≉➹⪅ࡀཧຍࡋゎㄞࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩ࢆᢅ࠺ࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩ࡣࢠࣜࢫ࣭ࢻࢶ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࣟࢩ࣭᪥ᮏ࣭୰ᅜᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᴫࡡ 5~10 ୡ⣖ࡅ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ᐀ᩍᩥ⊩㠀᐀ᩍᩥ⊩ ࡁࡃศࡉࢀࡿࠋ᐀ᩍᩥ⊩ࡢ㒊ศࡣࣈ࣮ࣛࣇ࣑࣮ᩥᏐ࡛᭩ࡉࢀࡓ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡣࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ㒊ὴᩍࠊ≉ㄝ୍ษ᭷㒊ᒓࡍࡿࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㠀᐀ᩍᩥ⊩ࡣࠊᑎ㝔ᩥ᭩࣭㏻⾜チྍド࣭⚾ಙ࣭ቨ⏬ࡢ㢟グ࡞ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ⌧ ᅾࡲ࡛ࡢࡇࢁࠊྛᅜᡤⶶࡉࢀࡿࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩ࡢ⥲ᩘࡣ⣙ඵ༓Ⅼୖࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ẚ㍑ⓗ≧ែࡢⰋዲ࡞᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪤࣮࣐ࣟᏐ㌿ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ◊✲ ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣయࡢᅄศࡢ୍⛬ᗘ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ ➹⪅ࡢㄪᰝࡼࢀࡤࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃぢ✚ࡶࡗ࡚ࡶ 185 Ⅼ ཬࡪࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊṤࡢ㈨ᩱࡀᮍබ⾲ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୰ኸࢪᩍྐ◊✲ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ ࡃࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩Ꮫࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨ᩱࡀ᭷ࡍࡿ౯್ࡣ㠀ᖖ㧗࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㇂᥈᳨ 㝲ᑗ᮶㈨ᩱࡢㇺࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊୟࡘᙼࡽࡢάືࢆホ౯ࡍࡿୖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㔜せ࡞⨨ࢆ ༨ࡵࡿࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡣࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣࢠࣜࢫ࣭ ࢻࢶ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࣟࢩ࣭୰ᅜ࣭᪥ᮏࡢᅗ᭩㤋ࡸᏛᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᴫせࡶ᪤ ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ1ࠊከࡃࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡀࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢෆࠊලయⓗ࡞≧ἣࡀᑓ㛛ᐙ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㈨ᩱࡋ࡚ࠊࣟࢩ࣭୰ᅜ࣭᪥ᮏࡢ㈨ᩱ ࢆᣲࡆࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊࡾࢃࡅࠊ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ◊✲ࡢẚ ㍑ⓗ᪩࠸ᮇ Emil Sieg ࡸ Sylvain Lévi ࡞ゝࡗࡓࠊᙜࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢⴭྡ࡞ࢺ࢝ࣛ ㄒᏛ⪅┿ࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶᣊࢃࡽࡎ2ࠊᙼࡽࡀ㰼ࡋࡓ㈨ᩱࡢ⥲ᩘ ࡸヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂࡞Ⅼࡀከࡃࠊࡑࡢㇺࡢゎ᫂ࡀࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ◊✲ᑐࡋ࡚᭷ࡍࡿព⩏ࡣ 㠀ᖖࡁ࠸ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࣀཱྀ (1961: 343) ࡛ࡣࠊᙜ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㈨ᩱᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣయ࡛ 11 ∦࠶ࡗࡓ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄽᩥ୰࡛⤂ࡉࢀࡓ᩿∦ࡢෆヂࡣ ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ [A] ࠗすᇦ⪃ྂᅗ㆕࠘ᡤࡢ 4 Ⅼ (ᩥ᭩: 2 Ⅼࠊ: 1 Ⅼࠊᮌ⡆: 1 Ⅼ)3 * ᮏ✏ࡣⲶཎ (2012a) ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ๓ᥖᣋ✏ฟ∧ᚋ᫂ࡽࡋᚓࡓሗࢆ㏣ຍࡋຍ➹ಟṇࡋࡓࠋ Malzahn (2007a) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 2 Ⲷཎ࣭ (2011) ཬࡧ Ching and Ogihara (2012) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 3 ࠗすᇦ⪃ྂᅗ㆕࠘ୗᕳすᇦㄒᩥ᭩ (12), (13)-(1), (13)-(2), (19)-(1) ࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࠋ ࡇࡢෆࠊ(12)ࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡉ 1 [B] ᪑㡰㛵ᮾᗇ༤≀㤋ฟရࡢ 9 Ⅼ୰ྵࡲࢀࡿ 7 Ⅼ4ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊྠㄽᩥᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ Couvreur ࡢ᭩ಙࡼࡿࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆヂ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Buddhastotra: 1 Ⅼ 㡢㡩⾲࣭་᪉᭩࣭⤒῭ᩥ᭩: 1 Ⅼ Buddhastotra: 1 Ⅼ ᫂: 3 Ⅼ ᑎ㝔ฟ⣡グ㘓ᑠ᩿∦: 1 Ⅼ ࢧࣥࢫࢡࣜࢵࢺᩥᑠ᩿∦: 2 Ⅼ ࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺࡢ[B]ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ㈨ᩱࡢෆࠊ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ Buddhastotra ᩿ ∦ 1 Ⅼ5ࠊ௨ୗ㏙ࡿࡼ࠺ Couvreur (1965: 135-136) ࡼࡗ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ㡢㡩⾲࣭་᪉ ᭩࣭⤒῭ᩥ᭩ࡀグࡉࢀࡓ᩿∦ࡀ୍Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋ࡣࠗすᇦ⪃ྂᅗ㆕࡛࠘(19)-(1)ࡋ࡚බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓᮌ⡆௨እࠊᑡ ࡞ࡃࡶࠊࡶ࠺୍Ⅼࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ᮌ⡆ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ6ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ぢࡓ ሙྜࠊ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣࠗすᇦ⪃ྂᅗ㆕࠘ᡤࡢࡶࡢࡶྵࡵࡓ᪥ᮏ⌧Ꮡ ࡍࡿ (ⱝࡋࡃࡣᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ) ࡶࡢ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢࡶࡢูࡉࢀࡿ࡞ࡿࡀࠊᮏ ✏࡛◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࡢࡣᚋ⪅ࡢ㈨ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿ7ࠋ ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢෆࠊ᪑㡰㛵ᮾᗇᡤⶶࡢ㈨ᩱࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ Mironov ࡀㄪᰝ ࢆᢸᙜࡋࠊ1923 ᖺࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ8ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊMironov ࡣࡑࡢᚋࡶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ ◊✲ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋࠊ1928 ᖺࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ㈨ᩱ୰ྵࡲࢀࡿࣥࢻㄒ⣔⏝ㄒࡢᙧᘧࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡑࡢ㡢㡩య⣔ࡢゎ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡓㄽᩥ (Mironov: 1928) ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡢ 12 Ⅼࡢ᩿∦ࡽ 30 ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡀᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡇࢀࡀ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡽࡢ᭱ึࡢᘬ⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊࡇࡢ㈨ᩱࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣ Krause (1952) Couvreur (1954, 1965, 1968) ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊKrause (1952) ࡣబ⸨Ὀ⯗Ặࡀ Sieg Siegling ᥦ౪ࡋࡓ┿ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓ࣮ࣟ ࣐Ꮠ㌿ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚9ࠊ4 Ⅼࡢ㈨ᩱࡽືモᙧ 27 ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ10ࠋ୍᪉ࠊCouvreur (1954: ࢀࡓᡤㅝࠕྤ㈌⨶ㄒᩥ᭩ᑎ㝔ฟ⣡グ㘓ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊⲶཎ࣭ (2011) ཬࡧ Ching and Ogihara (2012) ࡛ ᰯゞࡋࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆฟ∧ࡋࡓࠋ 4 ࣀཱྀ (1958: 180) ࡛ࡣࠊྠࡌࡃ Couvreur ࡽࡢሗࡋ࡚ࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ࡣ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛ ㄒ B ᩿∦ࡀ 8 Ⅼᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㏙࡚࠾ࡾࠊ7 Ⅼࡍࡿࣀཱྀ (1961) ࡢグ㏙ࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡘࡢグ㏙ぢࡽࢀࡿ┦㐪ࡀఱ㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡢࠊ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ 5 TochSprR(B)II: 121 ᡤࡢ Nr.204 ࡋ࡚㌿ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᩿∦㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣀཱྀ (1961: 343-344) ࡀ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ࡢࡇࢁ၏୍ࡢヂࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣ Thomas (1964: 56-57) ࡛ Buddhastotra ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࡋ࡚㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡢ┿ࡣ 1961 ᖺห⾜ࡢࠗすᇦᩥ◊✲➨ ᅄ࠘(୰ኸࢪྂ௦ㄒᩥ⋙) ࡢᅗ∧ඵࡋ࡚බ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௨ୗ㏙ࡿ Couvreur ࡼࡗ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ Otani-Fragment 8 ୪ࢇ࡛ࠊᅗ∧ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩘᑡ࡞࠸᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 6 ࠗᮾிᅜ❧༤≀㤋ᅗ∧┠㘓ࠑ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ရ⠍ࠒ࠘No.175 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 7 ᪥ᮏ⌧Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ௨እࡢ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ༤ኈඹඹྠ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾ➹⪅ࡀᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⠊ᅖࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣㄪᰝࢆ ⤊࠼ࠊㄽᩥࢆ‽ഛ୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 8 ࠗすᇦᩥ◊✲➨ᅄ࠘(୰ኸࢪྂ௦ㄒᩥ⋙) 93 㡫ࢆཧ↷ࠋࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺ Mironov (1928) ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ 㱟㇂Ꮫࢪᩍᩥ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮༤ኈ◊✲ဨࡢᶲᇽ୍Ặࡼࡾሗࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋ≉グࡋ࡚ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖ ࡆࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊMironov ࡣࡇࡢㄪᰝࡢ㝿Კㄒ᩿∦ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㌿ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡇࢀࡀ 1928 ᖺฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓㄽᩥࡢ㈨ᩱ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊᙼࡢᡭ࡞ࡿ㌿ࡀࡑࡢᚋࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒⦋ ࢆ㎺ࡗࡓࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡃᡭࡀࡾࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ 9 Krause (1952: 310) ཬࡧࣀཱྀ (1957: 182) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 10 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡣࠊOt I ࡋ࡚ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊOt II ࡋ࡚ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠗすᇦ⪃ྂᅗ㆕࠘ᡤࡢࡶࡢ 224) ࡣ Otani-Handschrift 8 ࠸࠺␒ྕࡢ㈨ᩱࡽㄒᙧࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣ Couvreur (1965: 135-136, Plate XI-24) ࡛ Otani-Fragment 8 ࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡿ࡞ࡿᩥᏐ⾲࣭་᪉᭩࣭ ⤒῭ᩥ᭩ࢆෆᐜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ11ࠋࡲࡓࠊCouvreur (1968: 277) ࡛ࡣ Otani 9B ࠸࠺␒ྕ ࡀࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩ࡽㄒᙧࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖぢࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢ┿ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ Sieg Siegling ཬ ࡧ Couvreur ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓࡀ❚࠼ࡿࡀࠊࣀཱྀ (1961: 343) ࡛ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢ᪑㡰㛵ᮾᗇ༤≀㤋 ฟရࡢ 9 Ⅼࡀ Sieg ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୍㒊ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨ ᩱࡣయࡢ㌿ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࡀ࡞ࡃࠊලయⓗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨ᩱࡀᙼࡽᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓࡢ ࡃ᫂࡞ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢᩚ⌮࣭ㄪᰝ㝿ࡋ࡚ ࡣࠊࡑࡢయࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿྠࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡀᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ㈨ᩱࡢ≉ᐃࡀᚲせࡉࢀ ࡿࠋᅇㄪᰝࡋࡓ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢ BrƗhmƯ ᩥᏐ㈨ᩱࡽ≉ᐃࡋࡓࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࠊ➹⪅ࡣ ᇶᮏⓗࡣᙼࡽࡀᘬ⏝ࡋࡓᙧᘧࡢ࡚ࡢฟࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ12ࠋ௨ୗࡣ᪑㡰༤≀㤋 ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢయീࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨ᩱࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢ⤂ࢆ⾜࠺ࡋࡓ࠸13ࠋ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱᴫほ14 ゝㄒࡼࡿศ㢮 ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢ BrƗhmƯ ᩥᏐ㈨ᩱࡽ➹⪅ࡀ≉ᐃࡋࡓࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣゝㄒࡼࡗ࡚௨ୗ ࡢࡼ࠺ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋ [1] ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B: 185 Ⅼ15 (ุูᅔ㞴࡞᩿∦ 16 Ⅼࢆྵࡴ) [2] ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A: 1 Ⅼ [3] Კㄒࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ bilingual: 15 Ⅼ (ุูᅔ㞴࡞᩿∦ 2 Ⅼࢆྵࡴ) [4] ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ bilingual: 2 Ⅼ ࡇࡢ୰࡛≉ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ[2][4]࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࠊ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ ࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A ㈨ᩱࡢᏑᅾࡣᣦࡉࢀࡓࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A ᩿∦ ࡣ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛᪤ୖグࡢ Buddhastotra ᩿∦ࡣ 204 (Ot) ࠸࠺␒ྕ࡛ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢࡢ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱࡣูᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ Nr.204 ࢆ㝖ࡃࠊ3 Ⅼࡢᮍබ⾲㈨ᩱࡽࡢᘬ⏝ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࡞ࡿࠋ 11 Couvreur ࡣᙜヱ᩿∦ࡢ⾲ࡢ㠃ࡢࡳฟ∧ࡋࠊ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣෆᐜゝཬࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㌿ࡣฟ∧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊPlate XI-24 ࡣࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡢ⾲ࡢ┿ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣẚ㍑ࡋ࡚᩿∦ࡢ⨨ࡀࡎࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿⅬཬࡧ⌧⾜ࡢ␒ྕ࡛࠶ࡿ 20 1550 21 ࡢグ㍕ࡀ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓⅬ௨እࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢಖ⟶≧ἣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ᩿∦ࡢ┿ࡀ࠸ࡘ Couvreur ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡢ ࡇࢁࠊ᭱ึㄽᩥ࡛ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀࡓ 1954 ᖺ௨๓࠸࠺ࡋ☜ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊCouvreur ࡣࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡢᡤⶶඛࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ௨๓ࡣ Port-Arthurࠊ⌧ᅾࡣி㒔ࡢ㱟㇂Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋ⶶ (voorheen te Port-Arthur, thans te Kyoto in de biblioteek der Ryukoku-universiteit)ࠖグࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧≧ࡣ␗࡞ ࡿグ㏙ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢሗࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒⦋࡛ Couvreur 㰼ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ 12 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨ᩱࡢලయⓗ࡞ෆヂࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊⲶཎ (2012: 109) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 13 ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢ㠀₎Ꮠ㈨ᩱࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୕㇂ (2011) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 14 㒌࣭⋤ (2007: 17-21) ࡣࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢ㠀₎Ꮠ㈨ᩱࡢᴫほࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊBrƗhmƯ ᩥᏐ㈨ᩱ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࠕᲙㄒࡀ᭱ࡶከࡃࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡀࡑࢀḟࡂࠊࢥ࣮ࢱࣥㄒࡣ᭱ࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࠖ(21 㡫) グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 15 ࡇࡇࡣᲙㄒࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ bilingual ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ᩿∦ 8 Ⅼࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ࡢ≧ែࡣᝏࡃෆᐜࡢẚᐃࡣྍ⬟ࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡢᏑᅾࡼࡾࠊࢠࣜࢫ࣭ࢻࢶ࣭ࣇࣛ ࣥࢫ࣭ࣟࢩゝࡗࡓḢᕞㅖᅜࡼࡗ࡚ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓ᥈᳨㝲ྠᵝࠊ㇂᥈᳨㝲ࡶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A ᩿∦ࢆධᡭࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋⓎぢሙᡤࡀ≉ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡣᴟᑡᩘࡢእࢆ㝖 ࠸࡚16ࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A ࡣ Shorchuk ⱝࡋࡃࡣ Turfan ࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡶ ࡕࡽࡢᆅᇦ࡛ධᡭࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ[4]ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᚋ⛬ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣ₎ᩥࡢ⣬⫼ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚᭩ࢀࡓࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡳࡀぢࡽࢀࡿᲙㄒ୪ࡧࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣᇶᮏⓗ Turfan ࡛ Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡶ Turfan ࡛ධᡭࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸17ࠋ ࡑࡢࡢ᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣⓎぢሙᡤࢆ᥎ᐃࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ18ࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ᩿∦ ୰ 1 Ⅼࠊ㖄➹࡛ t ᭩ࢀࡓࡶࡢ [= 1576 2] ࡀ࠶ࡾ19ࠊᶲᇽẶࡼࢀࡤ Turfan Ⓨぢࢆព ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋ ෆᐜ࣭ゝㄒ≉ᚩ࣭ᩥᏐࡢほⅬࡽࡢศ㢮 ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࢆෆᐜࡼࡗ࡚ศ㢮ࡍࡿࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ูࡉࢀࡿࠋ [A] ᐀ᩍᩥ⊩: 175 Ⅼ20 [B] ୡᩥ᭩: 10 Ⅼ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ ࢺ ࢝ ࣛ ㄒ B ㈨ ᩱ ࡣ ゝ ㄒ ≉ ᚩ BrƗhmƯ ᩥ Ꮠ ࡢ ᭩ య ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ Archaic–Standard/Classical–Late ࠸࠺୕ࡘࡢẁ㝵༊ูࡉࢀࡿࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ21ࠋ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ㈨ᩱࡢෆࠊศ㢮ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ㝈ࡗ࡚ぢࢀࡤ BrƗhmƯ ᩥᏐࡢ᭩ య ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࡽ ࡣ Ṥ ࡢ ᩿ ∦ ࡀ Standard ศ 㢮 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ୍ ᪉ ࠊ ゝ ㄒ ≉ ᚩ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ Classical–Late ࡢẁ㝵ศ㢮ࡉࢀࠊ≉ Classical ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡀ㒊ศࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ22ࠋ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢ⤂ ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢෆࠊ≉⯆῝࠸ࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚⤂ ࡍࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ๓㏙ࡢෆᐜศ㢮ᚑ࠸ୡᩥ᭩ศࡅ࡚⤂ࡍࡿ23ࠋ 16 Pinault (2007: 179) ࡼࢀࡤࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A ᩿∦ࡣࡉࢀࡓ␒ྕࡽ Kucha ࡢ Subashi ࡛Ⓨ ぢࡉࢀࡓ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ 17 ࡇࡢ✀ࡢ㈨ᩱࡶྵࡵ࡚ BrƗhmƯ ᩥᏐ⾲グࡉࢀࡓ࢘ࢢࣝㄒ㈨ᩱࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ Maue (1996, 2009, 2010) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 18 ௨ୗゐࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢୡᩥ᭩ࡀ」ᩘ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋⓎ ぢሙᡤࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡶࡢ㝈ࡗ࡚ぢࢀࡤࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢୡᩥ᭩ࡣ Kucha ᆅᇦ㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢୡ ᩥ᭩ࡀ Kucha ࿘㎶࡛ධᡭࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦࡉࢀࡿࠋ 19 ௨ୗࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ⶶ᩿∦ࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㝿⏝ࡍࡿᡤⶶ␒ྕ࡛ࡣ LM20 ࡣ┬␎ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 20 ࡇࡇࡣࠊᬻᐃⓗ 2 Ⅼࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ bilingual ࡶྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 21 ゝㄒ≉ᚩᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢศ㢮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ Peyrot (2007) ࢆࠊ BrƗhmƯ ᩥᏐࡢ᭩యࡼࡿศ㢮ࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣ Malzahn (2008b) ཬࡧ Tamai (2011) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 22 ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᣢࡘពࡣࠊ㇂᥈᳨㝲ࡀྠࡌࡃすᇦ㐨ࡽ㰼ࡋࡓᲙㄒࡢ୰ྂ࠸᭩య࡛᭩ࢀࡓ᩿ ∦ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྰ࠸࠺Ⅼྜࢃࡏ࡚⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ୰ኸࢪⓎぢࡢᲙㄒᮏࡢ BrƗhmƯ ᩥᏐࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊSander (1968, 1986) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 23 ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ➹⪅ࡣ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢཎᩥ᭩ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿᶵࡀ࡞ࡃࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡢศᯒࡣ࡚ Buddhastotra ẚᐃࡀྍ⬟࡞᩿∦ࡢෆࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱྵࡲࢀࡿ୰ࠊ≉㔜せ࡞ ⨨ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡢࡀ Buddhastotra ẚᐃࡉࢀࡿ᩿∦࡛࠶ࡿ24ࠋ➹⪅ࡢㄪᰝࡼࢀࡤ Buddhastotra ẚᐃࡉࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡣ 36 Ⅼ (☜ᐃ⬟࡞᩿∦ 10 Ⅼࢆྵࡴ) ୖࡿࠋࡇࡢᩘᏐࡣ๓❶࡛⤂ࡋ ࡓ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢ⥲ᩘࡢ⣙ 5 ศࡢ 1 ┦ᙜࡋࠊࡑࡢ୰༨ࡵࡿྜࡀ㧗࠸ Ẽࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ㈨ᩱ୰ྵࡲࢀࡿ Buddhastotra ᩿∦ࡣᙧ≧ࡸᩥᏐཬࡧṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ⴥᩘࡸෆᐜࡽࠊṤࡢ᩿∦ࡀࡘࡢᮏ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡘࡢᮏࢆ ᮏ[A]ᮏ[B]ศ㢮ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡑࡢᴫせࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋ ᮏ[A] ௨ୗࡢ᩿∦ࡣṧࡉࢀࡓⴥᩘእᙧⓗ≉ᚩࡽྠ୍ࡢᮏᒓࡍࡿ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋⴥᩘ ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㡰ᗎࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡞ࡿࠋ 1551 4: folio <243> 1552 18: folio <244> 1551 12: folio <245>25 1551 22: folio <259>26 1552 8 frg.1: folio <263> ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ṧࡉࢀࡓⴥᩘࡽࠊ1551 4, 1552 18, 1551 12 ࡣ㐃⥆ࡍࡿ୕ⴥࡢ᩿∦࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢෆ 1551 22 1552 18 ࡣ࡞ folio ࡛࠶ࡿ27ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦௨ እࠊ1551 13, 1551 14, 1551 15 frg.1, frg.2, 1551 32, 1551 33, 1552 8 frg.2, 1566 8 ࡶᮏ[A] ᒓࡍࡿ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡢᖐᒓࡣ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣ☜ᐃⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸28ࠋ 㱟㇂Ꮫすᇦᩥ◊✲ࡽᥦ౪㡬࠸ࡓ⏬ീࢹ࣮ࢱᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ➹⪅ࡣ᪤ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏬ീࢹ࣮ ࢱᇶ࡙࠸࡚࡚ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ᩿∦ࡢ㌿ࢆᡂࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 24 ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࡢෆࡢ㸯Ⅼࡣ TochSprR(B)II: 121 ᡤࡢ Nr.204 ࡋ࡚㌿ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 25 ࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡢⴥᩘࡢ<2>ࡢ㒊ศࡣࡍࢀ࡚࠾ࡾゎㄞࡋࡃ࠸ࡀࠊࡍㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 26 TochSprR(B)II ࡛ Nr.204 ࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢻࢶᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ᩿∦ Nr.203 (Kizil Ⓨぢ) ୍⮴ࡍ ࡿෆᐜࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣ TochSprR(B)II ࡛ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ㝿ࠊᰯゞ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࢀࡓὀ㔘࡛ࡣⴥᩘࡣ ㆑ู⬟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏᩥ࡛ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ⴥᩘࡣ<259>࡛࠶ࡿࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ 27 ๓㏙ࡢ Mironov ࡢࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ No.3 ࠕAt least two whole sheetsࠖࡢグ㍕ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡀࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ ㈨ᩱぢࡋࡓ᩿∦୰ࠊ࡞ folio ࡣࡇࡢ 2 Ⅼࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡀ⣡ࡵࡽࢀࡓࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡉ ࢀࡓ␒ྕࡣ 1551 22 = P3b.ཬࡧ 1552 18 = P.22.6.࡛࠶ࡾࠊMironov ࡢグ㍕ࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ 28 1551 13 ࡣ㡩ᩥࡢ␒ྕࡋ࡚<32>ࠊ1551 14 ࡣ<35>ࠊ1566 8 ࡣ<33>ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽ ࡢ᩿∦ࡣྠ୍ࡢ folio ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ1552 8 frg.2 ࡛ࡣ㡩ᩥ␒ྕࡣ<25>࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦௨እࡶࠊ1550 29 frg.9, 1551 2 frg.1, 1551 19 frg.1, frg.3, 1553 5 frg.2 ࡶᮏ[A]⏤᮶ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊࣀཱྀ (1961: 344) ࡛ࡣࠊNr.204 ࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ 1551 22 ࡀ Kizil Ⓨぢࡢࢻࢶᡤ ⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ᩿∦ Nr.203 ୍⮴ࡍࡿෆᐜࢆᣢࡘࡽࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡶ Kizil ࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸᥎ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏ[B] ௨ୗࡢ᩿∦ࡣ Shorchuk Ⓨぢࡢࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ࡸⓎぢሙᡤ᫂ࡢࢠࣜࢫᡤⶶ᩿∦ෆᐜ ࡀ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᩥᏐ࣭ࡁࡉ࡞ࡢእᙧⓗ≉ᚩࡸṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⴥᩘࡽྠ୍ࡢᮏ ᒓࡍࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᵓࡋࡓ㡰ᗎࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ29ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ୗグ᩿∦ࡢⴥᩘࡸ୍ⴥྵࡲࢀࡿ⾜ᩘࡣࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 1551 1 frg.1: folio <3> 1552 12 + 1551 1 frg.2: folio <4>30 1552 11: folio <5> [B73a6-b6, B75a1-b2] 1552 9: folio <6> [B73b6, B74a1-6, a2 = B75b4] 1552 13 + 1552 15 frg.1: ෆᐜࡽ folio <7>᥎ᐃ31 [B74b1-6, B76a1-2] 1551 3: ෆᐜࡽ folio <8>᥎ᐃ [B76b4-6] [B73a1-5] ࡇࡢᮏ[B]ࡣ Shorchuk Ⓨぢࡢࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ࡢ୍⮴ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࡽࠊ୧⪅ࢆ ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡼࡗ࡚ TochSprR(B)II ࡢㄞࡳࢆ㒊ศⓗᨵၿࡍࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢻ ࢶᡤⶶࡢ᩿∦ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㒊ศࡶṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ Buddhastotra ࡢ◊✲ࡣྍ Ḟࡢ㈨ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ୍᪉࡛ࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ᩿∦࡛ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㒊ศࢆࢻ ࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ࡼࡗ࡚⿵࠺ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋୖグࡢ᩿∦௨እࡶࠊ1551 18 frg.4, 1552 14 frg.1, frg.2, 1552 15 frg.2, frg.3, 1552 16 ࡶྠࡌࡃᮏ[B]ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ32ࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊୖグࡢᮏ[A][B]௨እࡶ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ᩿∦ࡣ Buddhastotra ᒓࡍࡿ᥎ᐃࡉ ࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡀ 4 ⅬᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࡇࡢ✀㢮ࡢᮏࡣ␗࡞ࡿᮏ⏤᮶ࡍࡿྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ ᚊ᩿∦ Buddhastotra ௨እࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ➹⪅ࡣ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ୰ࡢ୍Ⅼࢆ KarmavƗcanƗ (௨ୗ KaVƗ ࡍࡿ) ẚᐃࡍࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣ㠀ᖖᑠࡉࡃࠊ⾲ඹ 2 ⾜ࠊ3-4 akৢara ࡢࡳࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࡔࡀࠊㄝ୍ษ᭷㒊ࡢᚊ࡛࠶ࡿࠗ༑ㄙᚊ࡛࠘ࡣࠕཷල㊊ᡄἲࠖ㏙ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ UpasaۨpadƗ ┦ᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ࡢࣃࣛࣞࣝࡽ☜ᐃ࡛ࡁ 29 ᑐᛂࡍࡿࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ (= B73, 74, 76) ཬࡧࢠࣜࢫᡤⶶ᩿∦ (= B75) ࡢࣃࣛࣞࣝࢆ[ ]࡛グࡍࠋ ࡘࡢ᩿∦ࡢ㛫ࡣ 3-4akৢara Ḟࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 31 ࡇࡢࡘࡢ᩿∦ࡣ┤᥋᥋ྜࡍࡿࠋ 32 ᪂ࡋࡃẚᐃࡋࡓ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢ᩿∦ࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ Buddhastotra ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ edition ࢆ‽ഛ୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 30 ࡿࠋᑐᛂ⟠ᡤࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᬻᐃⓗ⾲ࡋࡓ㠃ࡀ pañcaĞik܈ƗpadƗni ࡲࡓࡣ daĞaĞik܈ƗpadƗni ࡢ➨ᅄ㡯┠ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡀࠊࡣ KaVƗ ࡢᐃᆺྃࡢࡳࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ☜ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ [1550 24 frg.13]33 a b 1 /// [ke]riyem(ane) /// 1 /// [t](a)ne 2 /// [na]rۚaք ܈ք܈քaք (lyñe) /// 2 /// (po)[ñ ta[ñ](ä) ך/// c](e) wärpa[n](amar) /// [ヂ] a b 1 … ➗࠸࡞ࡀࡽ … 1 … ࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ … 2 … 㞳ࢀࡿ … 2 … ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠸࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣཷࡅධࢀࡲࡍࠋ… ࡇࡢ㒊ศᑐᛂࡍࡿᲙᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᑐᛂ㒊ศࡣ bold య࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ34ࠋ yƗvajjƯ[vaۨ] m܈܀ƗvƗdƗd vairama۬Ư upƗsakasya Ğik܈Ɨpadaۨ tatra te yƗvajjƯvaۨ m܈܀ƗvƗdo na vaktavya ۊantato hƗsyaprek܈i۬Ɨpi kaccid evaۨrnjpaۨ sthƗnaۨ nƗd[dh]yƗpats[y](a)si [ya]dy utsahasi brnjhy om iti35 ࡇࡢ㒊ศᑐᛂࡍࡿࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࡣࠊࢻࢶᡤⶶࡢ᩿∦ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢ ࡼ࠺ᘓࡍࡿࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ36ࠋ waike welyñemeۨ narkä܈܈älyñe upƗsakentse Ğik܈apƗt ste tane tañ Ğaultsa warñai waike mƗ we܈alle postaññe rano keriyemane mäkte kca te yäknesa ike mƗ kƗtkat krui warpatar poñ ce wärpanamar [ヂ] ბࢆࡘࡃࡽ㞳ࢀࡿࡣඃ፠ሰࡢᡄ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ⏕ᾭბࢆࡘࡃࡁ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࠼➗࠸࡞ࡀࡽ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠋỴࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࢆ≢ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡋ ཷࡅධࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ゝ࠸࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣཷࡅධࢀࡲࡍࠋ 33 ᮏ✏࡛⏝ࡍࡿ⾲グἲࡣࠊTochSprR(B)࡛᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲᚑࡗࡓࠋ [ ] : ☜࡞⟠ᡤ ( ) : ᰯゞ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ⟠ᡤ /// : ᮏࡢ◚ᦆ⟠ᡤ – : ุㄞ⬟࡞ akৢara ࡞࠾ࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ᩿∦௨እࡢ᪤බ⾲ࡢ㈨ᩱࡣ transcription ࡛ᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 34 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᲙᩥࡀ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ pañcaĞik܈ƗpadƗni ࡢ㒊ศࢆᣲࡆࡿࠋ௨ୗࡢᘓࡋࡓࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛ࡶ ྠᵝࠋ࡞࠾ࠊdaĞaĞik܈ƗpadƗni ࡢሙྜࡣ௨ୗᣲࡆࡿࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ upƗsakentse ࡀ ܈anmirentse ࡞ࡿࠋ 35 Chung (2004: 47-48) ࡼࡾᘬ⏝ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࠗ༑ㄙᚊ࡛࠘ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㒊ศᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋ ࠕ┗ኖ㞳ዶㄒࠋඃ፠ሰᡄࠋ୰┗ኖ㞳ዶㄒࠋⱝ⬟ᣢ␜ゝ⬟ࠖ(T.23, no. 1435, 149c28-29) 36 Schmidt (1986: 43) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ ࡇࡢᘓࡋࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺࡽࠊ1550 24 frg.13 ṧᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B Კᩥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ 㛫௨ୗࡢᑐᛂࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ a b 1 keriyemane (= Skt. hƗsyaprek܈in-) 1 tane tañ (= Skt. tatra te) 2 narkä܈܈älyñe (= Skt. vairama۬i) 2 poñ ce wärpanamar (= Skt. brnjhi om iti) ࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡢⓎぢࡼࡾࠊࢠࣜࢫ࣭ࢻࢶ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࣟࢩྠᵝࠊ㇂᥈᳨㝲ࡶ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡢᚊ᩿∦ࢆධᡭࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ KaVƗ ᩿∦ࡣࠊ Kizil, Duldur-akhur, Sängim ࡽࡶⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊධᡭሙᡤࡢ≉ᐃࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ37ࠋ «Supriya NƗܒaka» ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ୰ࠊ1556 20 frg.11 ࡣ Brahmadatta ⋤ Supriya ࡢྡ๓ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᏛ࡛«Supriya NƗܒaka»⛠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩍࡢ᩿∦ẚᐃࡍࡿࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡶ≧ែࡀᝏࡃ๓ᚋࡢᩥ⬦ࢆ༑ศᅇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔ⯆῝࠸ࠊ ࡇࡢ≀ㄒࡢᮏࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ 30 Ⅼ⛬▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣ 1556 20 frg.11 ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༶ࡕࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡣ୍ⴥࡢ⾜ᩘࡀ 6 ⾜࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ ࡛࡞ࡃ⾜㛫ࡢᖜࡶࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊṧᏑ㒊ศࡽぢ࡚ࢧࢬࡶࡁࡃ┦㐪ࡋ࡞࠸᥎ᐃ ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ1556 20 frg.11 ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶࡢ Duldur-akhur Ⓨぢࡢᮏྠ୍ࡢᮏᒓࡍ ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦࡉࢀࡿ38ࠋ 1555 6 + 1580 30 ࡢ᥋ྜࡘ࠸࡚ 1555 6 1580 30 (frg.1 frg.2 ࡢ᩿∦ࢆྵࡴ) ࡣ⾲ 6 ⾜ࡎࡘ᭩ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ1555 6 ࡣ ⣣✰ࡢྑഃࠊ 1580 30 frg.1 ࡣ⣣✰ࡢᕥഃࠊ1580 30 frg.2 ࡣ folio ࡢ୰㛫┦ᙜࡍࡿぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ ➹⪅ࡢㄪᰝࡼࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢ୕ࡘࡢ᩿∦ࡣྠ୍ࡢ folio ᒓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┤᥋᥋ྜࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ༶ࡕࠊࡇࢀࡽ୕᩿∦ࡣ 1580 30 frg.1 + 1555 6 + 1580 30 frg.2 ࠸࠺㡰␒࡛᥋ྜࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ1580 30 frg.1 ࡣ⾲ࡀᑐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢ୕ࡘࡢ᩿∦࡛ࡶ࡞ folio ࡣゝ࠼ࡎࠊࡉ ࡽྑഃḞࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣయࡀ㡩ᩥ࡛᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡀࠊ㡩ᚊࡢྡ⛠ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ㡩ᚊࡢඖࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊྑഃࢀࡔࡅࡢḞ ⴠࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡣ☜ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡢẚᐃࡣࡲࡔᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊṧᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 㒊ศࡢෆᐜࡽࠊ➹⪅ࡣᲙᩥ«UdƗnavarga»ࡢὀ㔘᭩ࡋ࡚ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ᩥ⊩୰ẚ㍑ⓗከࡃ ࡢ᩿∦ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ«UdƗnƗla۪kƗra»࡛ࡣ࡞࠸᥎ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ39ࠋ 37 ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩୰ྵࡲࢀࡿ KaVƗ ᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊOgihara (forthc.) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ«Supriya NƗܒaka»᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊPinault (1984b, 1994: 114-135) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 39 ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ«UdƗnƗla۪kƗra»᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊTochSprR(B)I ࢆཧ↷ࠋࡲࡓࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A ᩥ⊩୰ࡶ «UdƗnƗla۪kƗra»ẚᐃࡉࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡀⅬ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊSieg and Siegling (1933) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 38 Კㄒ࣭ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ bilingual ᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡣࠊᲙㄒࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢゝㄒ࡛᭩ࢀࡓ᩿∦ࡀ 15 Ⅼ ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡢ㒊ศࡣṧᏑ≧ἣࡀⰋࡃ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢෆࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ẚᐃ ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࡇࡢⅬࡢゎ㔘ࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ 1550 1 ࡣⅬࡢᲙㄒ࣭ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ bilingual ᩿∦ࡀࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣእぢࡀ㠀ᖖࡼࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊྠ୍ࡢࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡵࡽࢀࡓ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ ࡿࡀࠊ➹ࡢ◊✲ࡼࢀࡤ 1550 1 frg.1 ࡣㄝ୍ษ᭷㒊ࡢ«Bhik܈u-prƗtimok܈asnjtra»ࠊ1550 1 frg.2 ࡣ«UdƗnavarga»ẚᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋᲙㄒ࣭ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ bilingual ࡢෆࠊ«UdƗnavarga»ẚ ᐃࡉࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡣ᪤」ᩘ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ«Bhik܈u-prƗtimok܈asnjtra»ẚᐃࡉࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡣࡇࢀ ࡲ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊὀពࢆせࡍࡿࠋ௨ୗࡣࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡢ㌿ᑐᛂࡍࡿᲙᩥࢆᘬ⏝ ࡍࡿࡀࠊᲙᩥ㒊ศࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᩿∦ṧᏑࡍࡿ㒊ศࡣ bold య࡛ࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㒊ศᑐᛂࡀ☜ㄆ ࡉࢀࡿ㒊ศࡣୗ⥺ࢆ㝃ࡋ࡚♧ࡍࡍࡿࠋ [1550 1] (P.5a.1.2.) Fragment 1 Identification: PrMoSnj.Einl.III.1-6 a te[1] || 1 /// .[]܈. 2 /// – – [tad] 3 /// O cene[2] [|](|) /// 4 /// (ni)[yo]jaya[t]i /// 5 /// (gu)[۬](a)sa[p](atnƗۨ) /// kƗryƗkƗryam – ך/// iha † /// b yo[3] /// 1 /// mך 2 /// (cƗnupnj)r[v]e۬a 3 /// O sai[m]tsa[5] /// 4 /// (tas)[m](Ɨd †) 5 /// (wa)[l]k(e) † † yke –[4] /// [tu]s[Ɨ]ksa Ğ۬܀uta † Ɨ(tmahitƗrthaۨ) /// † pք aք klyau܈tso [†] – /// [ὀ㔘] (1): Toch.B te = Skt. etat. (2): Toch.B cene = Skt. asmiۨ. (3): ᑐᛂ㒊ศ᫂ࠋ4b~c ᑐᛂࡍࡿ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ4c ࡢෑ㢌㒊ศࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ (4): Toch.B yke (posܔa֔ ۨ) = Skt. anu-. (5): Toch.B saimtsa = Skt. nƗthena. [ᑐᛂ] Simson (2000: 159-160) ĞƗsayatƯti hi ĞƗstraۨ proktaۨ samyak ca ĞƗsayaty e܈aۊ tasmƗc chƗstraۨ pravaram etat (1) mok܈Ɨya prƗtimok܈as kƗryƗkƗryam avƗcyaۨ vƗcyaۨ yac caiva bhik܈u۬Ɨ yuktam tad iha nikhilena muninƗ duĞcaritƗd vƗrayati prakƗĞitaۨ prƗtimok܈e ’smiۨ 2 trividhƗt trividhe Ğubhe niyojayati bۨ܀hayati kuĞalapak܈aۨ k܈apayati do܈Ɨۨ gu۬asapatnƗۨ 3 mithyƗjƯvam anƗryaۨ vinƗĞayati durgatipra۬etƗram svargƗpavargamƗrgaۨ viĞodhayati cƗnupnjrve۬a 4 yƗvat sthƗsyaty e܈aۊ prakƗĞita ۊtena lokanƗthena tƗvat sthƗsyati dharmo loke ’smiۨ ĞƗkyasiۨhasya 5 tasmƗd ƗtmahitƗrthaۨ sthityarthaۨ ĞƗsanasya caiva ciram Ğ۬܀uta muhnjrtam avahitƗ vak܈yƗmi prƗtomok܈am aham 6 Fragment 2 Identification: Udv.VI 20d-VII 1b, VII9c-10b a 1 /// (p֔ a֔ lskauca)ñ[ä[]ך1] marantse 2 /// (k)[Ɨ]yena su[sa]ۨv[]܀ta Ğanmau † [20] /// † /// b 1 /// (yƗ)nti 2 /// (vƗc)[Ɨ] hy accyu[t](aۨ) sth[Ɨ]nam( )ך/// susaۨv܀tƗ † aiĞ[au](myi)[2] /// [ὀ㔘] (1): Cf. B27b6: pälskaucañ marantse Ğanmau = Skt. dhyƗyino mƗrabandhanam [Udv.XII 11]. (2): Toch.B aiĞaumyi = Skt. dhƯrƗۊ [ᑐᛂ] Bernhard (1965: 154-155, 158) e܈a k܈emagamo e܈a mƗrgo viĞuddhaye | pratipannakƗ ۊprahƗsyanti dhyƗyino mƗrabandhanam || 20 kƗyaprado܈am rak܈eta syƗt kƗyena susaۨv܀ta| ۊ kƗyaduĞcaritaۨ hitvƗ kƗyena suk܀taۨ caret || 1 ahiۨsakƗ vai munayo manasƗ nityasaۨv܀tƗ| ۊ te yƗnti hy acyutaۨ sthƗnaۨ yatra gatvƗ na Ğocati || 9 kƗyena saۨv܀tƗ dhƯrƗ dhƯrƗ vƗcƗ susaۨv܀tƗ| ۊ manasƗ saۨv܀tƗ dhƯrƗ dhƯrƗ ۊsarvatra saۨv܀tƗ| ۊ te yƗnti hy acyutaۨ sthƗnaۨ yatra gatvƗ na Ğocati || 10 ➹⪅ࡣⲶཎ (2009, 2011, 2012b) ゝࡗࡓㄽᩥ࡛ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩୰ࡢᚊᩥ⊩ࡘ࠸࡚య⣔ⓗ ࡞◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀࠊᲙㄒ࣭ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡢゝㄒే⏝ࡢࡶࡢࡣ«KarmavƗcanƗ»ཬࡧᲙㄒ࣭ࢺ࢝ࣛ ㄒ A ࡛᭩ࢀࡓࠗ༑ㄙᚊ࠘ ࠕ㓾⸩ἲࠖ㛵㐃ࡍࡿグ㍕ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ᩿∦୍Ⅼࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᅇࠊ«Bhik܈u-prƗtimok܈asnjtra»ẚᐃࡉࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡓࡣࢺ࢝ࣛᩍ࠾ࡅࡿᚊᩥ⊩ ࡢᢅ࠸ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩య࠾ࡅࡿᲙㄒ࣭ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡢ bilingual ᩿∦ࡢ⨨ࡅ ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿୖ࡛㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞㈨ᩱゝ࠺ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ1550 1 frg.1b1 ࡣ Simson (2000) ࡼࡿᰯゞᮏࡣᑐᛂ⟠ᡤࡀぢᙜࡓࡽࡎࠊㄝ୍ษ᭷㒊ࡢ«Bhik܈u-prƗtimok܈asnjtra»ࡢᲙᩥ᩿∦ ࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿୖ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢព⩏ࡣࡁ࠸ࠋ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ bilingual ᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ 1580 18 ཬࡧ 1580 53 ࡣ BrƗhmƯ ᩥᏐࡼࡿࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢘ࢢࣝㄒ ࡢ bilingual ᩿∦࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣ₎ᩥࡢ⣬⫼ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚᭩ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ⾲ࡢ₎ᩥ㠃ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚᩿∦┦ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡇࢁࠊ୧᩿∦ࡢ₎ᩥ㠃ࡣࠗጁἲⶈ⳹⥂࠘ ༹භᑐᛂ⟠ᡤࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ┤᥋᥋ྜྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ➹⪅ࡀᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨ᩱࡣࢻࢶࣟࢩࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ40ࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡢ₎ᩥ㠃ࢆㄪ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࢻࢶᡤⶶࡢ᩿∦ U5207 U5208 ࡀྠᵝࠗጁἲ ⶈ⳹⥂༹࠘භᑐᛂࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊබ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ┿࡛ࡣ U5207 U5208 ⣬ࡢ༊ษ ࢀࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊࡇࡇ࡛⣬ࢆ⧅࠸ࡔࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࠊᑐᛂ⟠ᡤࡽ୧᩿∦ࡣ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ ❚࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᅄࡘࡢ᩿∦ࡣ௨ୗ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࡀ⾲ࡢ₎ᩥ㠃ࡽ᫂ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓ41ࠋ ࠗጁἲⶈ⳹⥂༹࠘භ42 ࠕኳୖㅖ⳹➼ࠋ ᭭㝀᭭ṦἋࠋ Ἴ㉁ከᶞࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ኳୖㅖᐑẊࠋ ୖ୰ୗᕪูࠋ ╓ᑌⰼⳁᄫࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ኳᅬᯘẊࠋ ㅖやጁἲᇽࠋ ᅾ୰⪋ፗᵹࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ㅖኳⱝ⫎ἲࠋ ᡈཷḧࠋ ⾜ᆘ⮩ࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ኳዪᡤⴭ⾰ࠋ ዲ⳹㤶ⳁᄫࠋ ࿘᪕㐟ᡛࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ዴᒎ㎈ୖࠋ ⮳Კୡࠋ ධ⚮ฟ⚮⪅ࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ග㡢㐢ኳࠋ ⮳ன᭷㡬ࠋ ึ⏕ཬ㏥ἄࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ㅖẚୣ╓➼ࠋ ἲᖖ⢭㐍ࠋ ⱝᆘⱝ⥂⾜ࠋ ཬㆫㄙ⥂ἲࠋ 40 ࢧࣥࢡࢺ࣭࣌ࢸࣝࣈࣝࢢᡤⶶ᩿∦ SI 3754 (ɂHB 3810) ࡣ㠀ᖖᑠࡉ࠸᩿∦࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⾲ࡢ₎ᩥ㠃ࡣࠗග ㆽ⥂༹࠘ (T.08, no. 222, 163b27-c1) ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 41 ྠᵝࡢᑐᛂࡣࠗῧရጁἲⶈ⳹⥂༹࠘භ (T.09, no. 264, 183a29-c14) ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ 42 Ⅼ⥺: U5207, ୗ⥺: U5208, Ἴ⥺: 1580 18, 㔜⥺: 1580 53 ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᡈᅾᯘᶞୗࠋ ᑙ⢭⪋ᆘ⚮ࠋ ᣢ⥂⪅⪺㤶ࠋ ᜳ▱ᡤᅾࠋ ⸃ᚿሀᅛࠋ ᆘ⚮ⱝㆫㄙࠋ ᡈⅭேㄝἲࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ᅾᅾ᪉ୡᑛࠋ ୍ษᡤᜤᩗࠋ ប╓⪋ㄝἲࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ ╓⏕ᅾష๓ࠋ ⪺⥂ⓙṅ႐ࠋ ዴἲ⪋ಟ⾜ࠋ ⪺㤶ᜳ⬟▱ࠋ 㞪ᮍᚓ⸃ࠋ ↓₃ἲ⏕㰯ࠋ ⪋ᣢ⥂⪅ࠋ ඛᚓṈ㰯┦ࠋ ḟᖖ⢭㐍ࠋⱝၿ⏨Ꮚࠋၿዪேࠋཷᣢ⥂ࠋⱝ ㆫࠋⱝㄙࠋⱝゎㄝࠋⱝ᭩ᑃࠋᚓ༓ⓒ⯉ຌᚫࠋⱝ ዲࠋⱝ㓶ࠋⱝ⨾ࠋ⨾ࠋཬㅖⱞ≀ࠋᅾ⯉᰿ࠋⓙ ㆰᡂୖࠋዴኳ⏑㟢ࠋ↓⨾⪅ࠋⱝ௨⯉᰿ࠋ ╓୰᭷ᡤ₇ㄝࠋฟ῝ጁ⫆ࠋ⬟ධᚰࠋⓙ௧ ṅ႐ᛌᵹࠋཪㅖኳᏊࠋኳዪࠋ㔚Კㅖኳࠋ⪺῝ ጁ㡢⫆ࠋ᭷ᡤ₇ㄝゝㄽḟ➨ࠋⓙᜳ⫎ࠋཬㅖ 㱟ࠋ㱟ዪࠋኪཫࠋኪཫዪࠋ㜥፠ࠋ㜥፠ዪࠋ㜿ಟ ⨶ࠋ㜿ಟ⨶ዪࠋ㏑ᶂ⨶ࠋ㏑ᶂ⨶ዪࠋ⥭㑣⨶ࠋ⥭㑣 ⨶ዪࠋᦶ╷⨶ఞࠋᦶ╷⨶ዪࠋⅭ⫎ἲᨾࠋⓙぶ ㏆ᜤᩗ౪㣴ࠋཬẚୣࠋẚୣᑽࠋඃ፠ሰࠋඃ፠ዀࠋ ᅧ⋤ࠋ⋤Ꮚࠋ⩌⮧ࠋ╍ᒞࠋᑠ㎈㍯⋤ࠋ㎈㍯⋤ࠋ ᑌ༓Ꮚෆእ╍ᒞࠋᐑẊࠋಢ⫎ἲࠋ௨ ⸃ၿㄝἲᨾࠋࠖ (T.09, no. 262, 49a18-49b28) ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡣࢻࢶᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱࡀ᥋ྜࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ ࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡀᮏ᮶ࡣྠ୍ࡢ⏤᮶ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀドࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ ࡣⓎぢሙᡤࢆ❚ࢃࡏࡿグ㍕ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡀ᭩ࡉࢀࡓ㈨ᩱࡣ ᴫࡋ࡚ Turfan ࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡢⓎぢሙᡤࡶᜍࡽࡃ Turfan ࡛࠶ࡿ᥎ ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ㠃ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦ྜࢃࡏ ࡚◊✲ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୡᩥ᭩ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡢୡᩥ᭩ࡣ 10 Ⅼᩘࡋ࡚ࡣ㠀ᖖᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑ ࡇࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ▱ぢࡣ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ↓どࡍࡿࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ௨ୗࠊ᪑㡰 ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡢୡᩥ᭩㛵ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋ 㛨᭶ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢୡᩥ᭩ࡣ⣖ᖺࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢグ㍕ࡼࡗ࡚ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ ᬺ㛵ࡍࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞Ⅼࡣ᪤᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ43ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡇ࡛ᢅ࠺㛨᭶ࡢグ㍕ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᏛࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣ୍⯡ㄆ▱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋࢺ࢝ 43 Sieg (1950) ཬࡧ Pinault (2008: 363-365) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ ࣛㄒ B ࡢ㛨᭶ࡢグ㍕ࢆྵࢇࡔ㈨ᩱࢆ᭱ึᥦฟࡋࡓࡢࡣ Pinault (1987a: 160-166) ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ࢀࡣᩥ᭩㈨ᩱ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ▼❍᭩ࢀࡓ㢟グ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ [G-Qa 1]44 Ğak ñ(u k܈u)ۨntsa svar۬adeveۨ lƗۨntsa postano[nt] ܈kasce ok meññaۨntse mewye pikulne 㺀Suvar۬adeva ⋤ 19 ᖺ㛨 6 ᭶ 8 ᪥ᖺ㺁 ࡇࡢ㢟グࡢ◊✲ࢆฟ∧ࡋࡓ㝿ࠊPinault ࡣࡑࡇぢࡽࢀࡿ postanont ࡢពࢆṇ☜ゎ㔘࡛ ࡁࡎࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢᬺᚑ᮶▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ␗࡞ࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦࡋࡓ45ࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᏛ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ㢟グࡢゎ㔘ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡉࢀࡿࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊKumamoto (1996: 39-40 ཬࡧ 57-58 ࡢὀ 39) ࡣࢥ࣮ࢱࣥㄒᩥ᭩ぢࡽࢀࡿ⾲⌧ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⾲⌧ࡀ 㛨᭶ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࢆᣦࡋࠊࡇࡢ⾲⌧ࡢゎ㔘ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋ 㛨᭶ࡢ⾲⌧ࡢⓎぢࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢᬺࡢ◊✲ᑐࡋ࡚㠀ᖖࡁ࡞ពࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ᣦࡉࢀࡓ㔜せ࡞ⅬࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅṆࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ༶ࡕࠊࡇࡢ㢟グぢࡽࢀࡿ⋤ࡣ ₎⡠☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ⸽ఆ␚࡛࠶ࡾࠊ₎⡠ྐᩱࡢ✺ྜࡏࡽᖺ௦ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢୖ࡛୰ᅜᮏᅵࡢᬺẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠊ၈ᮅࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡿ௨๓ࠊࢡࢳࣕᆅᇦࡢ㛨᭶ࡢ ⨨ࡁ᪉ࡣ୰ᅜᮏᅵࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓ46ࠋ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡢ 1580 55 frg.1 ࡣࠊඛᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ⏝ྠᵝ௨ୗࡢࡼ ࠺࡞㛨᭶ࡢグ㍕ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ [1580 55 frg.1] trai k[܈un](tsa) postanoךܔ ܈uktañce 28 putt[e] – /// 㺀3 ᖺ㛨 7 ᭶ 28 ᪥ࠊPutte … 㺁 ࡇࡢ᩿∦ぢࡽࢀࡿࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢㄒᙧ postanot ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢ postanont ྠᵝ postanu ‘latter’ ࢆ⾲ࡍㄒࡢ༢ᩘᩳ᱁ᙧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⋤ྡࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵᖺ௦ࢆ☜ᐃࡍࡿࡣ࡛ࡁ ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢ⏝ࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡢ⣬ᩥ᭩☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㛨᭶ࡢグ㍕ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭱ึࡢࡶࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊඛᘬ⏝ࡋࡓぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ᭶ྡ postanu ‘latter’ࡀࡉࢀࡓሙ ྜ㛨᭶ࢆ♧ࡍ࠸࠺ Kumamoto (1996) ࡢゎ㔘ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࡢ᪥ࡢᚋ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ Putte … ࡣேྡ࡛࠶ࡿ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࢻ ࢶᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ୡᩥ᭩⌧ࢀࡿ PutteyƗne (< Sogd. pwtty’n, pwty’n, pwttyy’n /ButiyƗn/)47 ࡞ゝࡗࡓ⏝ࡽࢯࢢࢻேࡢྡ๓࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡓࡔࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ 44 ࡇࡢ㢟グࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ Kizil-kargha ➨ 25 ❍ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠗ⬄䇦⮽⑰䞛䩇ℭ⭡䵷拚࠘62-63 㡫ࢆཧ↷ࠋ ྠᵝࡢゎ㔘ࡣ Carling (2000: 279) ࡛ࡶ㋃くࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ᭱ึࡇࡢ㢟グࢆฟ∧ࡋࡓ Couvreur (1958: 94) ࡣ postanont ࠸࠺ㄒࢆㄞࡳྲྀࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ࠕභ␒┠ࡢ᭶࠾࠸࡚ (in de zesde maand)ࠖゎ㔘ࡍࡿ ␃ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 46 ࡞࠾ࠊ㛨᭶ࡢ⨨ࡁ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢳ࣋ࢵࢺࡢᨷࡼࡗ࡚၈⋤ᮅࡢᨭ㓄ࡀᦂࡽ࠸࡛࠸ࡓࢥ࣮ࢱ࡛ࣥࡶ୰ ᅜᮏᅵࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ Kumamoto (op.cit.) ࡼࡗ࡚᪤ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 47 Weber (1975: 97) ཬࡧ Lurje (2010: 315) ࢆཧ↷ࠋࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢୡᩥ᭩⌧ࢀࡿࢯࢢࢻேࡢྡ๓ࡘ࠸࡚ 45 ࡣࡇࡢ୍⾜ࡋṧࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡓ㠃ࡣఱࡶ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖࡢሗࡣ ᅇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢேྡ Akau ࡘ࠸࡚ ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡢேྡࡋ࡚ࡣࠊൔࡣᲙㄒࡢྡ๓ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ൔ௨እࡢேྡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᲙㄒ⏤᮶ࡋ࡞࠸ྡ๓ࡶ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ48ࠋࡲࡓࠊ Კㄒࡢྡ๓ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢせ⣲ࢆࡋࡓࡶࡢࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ ࡣ௨ୗࡢ⏝ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ [1552 2] 4 /// – ñcäך wes rano mañi akauntse maiyya[n]e /// 㺀… ⚾㐩ࡶ Mañi akau ࡢຊࡢୗ …㺁 ࡇࡢぢࡽࢀࡿ Mañi akau ࡣேྡ࡛࠶ࡿ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢேྡ୰ࠊAkau ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᪤ᅾドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ49ࠊඛ⾜ࡍࡿ Mañi ࡣึฟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᙧᘧࡣᜍࡽࡃᲙㄒࡢ ma۬i- ‘jewel, gem, pearl’ (MW: 774c) ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ Mañi akau ࢆேྡ ぢࡋ࡚㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢேྡ୰ࠊAkau ࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡣ Ching and Ogihara (forthc.) ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺᪤࠸ࡃࡘ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢ⏝ࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேྡࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᣲࡆࡓ 1552 2 ࡢ࡛㔜せ࡞Ⅼࡣ Akau ඛ⾜ࡍࡿせ⣲ࡀẕ㡢࡛⤊ࢃ ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᫂ࡽ Akau ࠸࠺せ⣲ࢆຍࡋࡓ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿⅬ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ඛ⾜ࡍ ࡿせ⣲ Akau ࢆຍࡋ࡚ேྡࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ௨ୖࠊࡘ࡚ Pinault (1987b: 79-85) ࡼࡗ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࠊ༳Ḣㄒࡢྡ๓⏤᮶ࡍࡿゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡓேྡ࡛࠶ࡿ Kle۪karako ࡣ*kle۪ke + rƗko ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ*kle۪kare + ako (< *akau) ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ༳Ḣㄒ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡍࡿ Pinault (op.cit.) ࡢゎ㔘ࡣྰᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡞ࡿࠋ ᡭ⣬ࡢ᩿∦ࡘ࠸࡚ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢᐃᆺྃ y܈uwarsa prek-ࠕࢆ௨࡚ᑜࡡࡿࠖࡣࢻࢶࡸࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶࡢ᩿∦ ࡶᅾドࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢᡭ⣬ࡢ᭩ࡁฟࡋࡢᐃᆺྃࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ50ࠋ᪑㡰༤ ≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣࡇࡢᐃᆺྃࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ᩿∦ࡀ୍Ⅼ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪑㡰 ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢ᩿∦ࡣ௨ୗᘬ⏝ࡍࡿ୍⾜ࡋṧࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡓ㠃ࡣఱࡶ᭩ࢀ࡚ ࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖࡢሗࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ [1559 5] ࡣࠊChing (2010, 2012 ཬࡧ forthc.) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 48 ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩⌧ࢀࡿᅛ᭷ྡモࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊKrause (1953: 11-16) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 49 ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ⌧ࢀࡿ Akau ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊChing and Ogihara (forthc.) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ๓ᥖᣋ ✏࡛᪤ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢྡ๓㛵ࡍࡿヲ⣽ࡣࡑࡕࡽࢆཧ↷㡬ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 50 ࡇࡢᐃᆺྃࡢヲ⣽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊCouvreur (1957) ཬࡧ Pinault (1995: 193-194) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 1 /// (tsa)mo y[܈w](a)rsa prek[s]eۨ k[w]e 㺀… ࡣ⠜ࡁࢆ௨࡚ᑜࡡࡿࠋkwe …㺁 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᪤ฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈨ᩱࡽ௨ୗࡢࢆᘬ⏝ࡋẚ㍑౪ࡍࡿࠋ [B492] 1 Ğilarakhite Ɨryawarmeۨ tsamo y܈uwarsa prek܈äۨ 㺀ĝilarakhite ࡣ Ɩryawarme ⠜ࡁࢆ௨࡚ᑜࡡࡿࠋ㺁 ࡞࠾ࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢᡭ⣬ࡢ᭩ᘧࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ yär܈alñe yƗm-ࠕᩗពࢆ⾲ࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ ᐃᆺྃࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᏛ࡛ࡣࡇࡢᐃᆺྃࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ṇࡋࡃゎ㔘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ ゝ࠼࡞࠸51ࠋ௨ୗᣲࡆࡿ⏝ࡽ❚࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩥ㠃ࡽࡇࡕࡽࡢ᪉ࡣୗ ࡢ⪅ࡀୖࡢ⪅࠸࠺ୖ⾜ᩥ᭩⏝ࡉࢀ52ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ୖୗ㛵ಀࡀ❚࠼࡞࠸๓⪅ࡢࡶࡢ ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ [THT1574]53 a1 – ܈kuneke܈܈e sƗ۪k nƗriۨ tsyƗ۪kuneĞ yär܈alñe yamasträ 㺀… ܈kuneke ࡢൔఞࡀ㑣ᑗ㌷ᩗពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋ㺁 ࡇࡢ⏝ࡣൔఞࡀ㑣ᑗ㌷ᐄ࡚ࡓᡭ⣬ࡢ᭩ࡁฟࡋࡢ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᫂ࡽୖ⾜ᩥ᭩࡛ ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ54ࠋ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡢ⨨ࡅࡘ࠸࡚ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ௨ୖ㏙ࡓᡂᯝᇶ࡙࠸࡚᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព⩏ ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡸࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡢࡼ࠺⨨ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑ ࡢࡢࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥᡤⶶࡉࢀࡿࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ㛵㐃ࡉࡏ࡚㏙ࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ᭱ึᣲࡆࡿࡁࡣࡑࡢ㔞ࡢከࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᏛ⪅▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㇂ ᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣ 10 Ⅼ‶ࡓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ ㈨ᩱࡣ᭱ప࡛ࡶ 185 Ⅼୖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨ᩱࡢከࡃࡣᑠࡉ࡞᩿∦࡛࠶ࡿࡣゝ࠼ࠊ 51 Pinault (1984a: 26) ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᐃᆺྃࡣࠕᕪฟே㛵ࡍࡿሙྜ (lorsque le fait de s’adresser à quelqu’un n’est pas indifférent au locuteur)ࠖ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 52 ྠᵝࡢᐃᆺྃࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶ᩿∦ࡶ 2 ᅾドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ Pinault (1984a) ࢆཧ↷ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡢ୰ኸࢪᩥ⊩ゝㄒࡢᡭ⣬ࡢ᭩ᘧࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⇃ᮏ (1984) ཬࡧ᳃Ᏻ (2011) ࡶཧ↷ࡉ ࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ 53 ࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣ Thomas (1964: 74) ࡛ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡋ࡚㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊnƗriۨ tsyƗ۪kuneĞ ࡢ㒊ศࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ ṇ☜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡓࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡇࡇ࡛ᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺ゞṇࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢゞṇࡣ᪤ Ching and Ogihara (forthc.) ࡛ᣦ῭ࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺయࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⌧ᅾㄽᩥࢆ‽ഛ୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 54 ࡢ 2 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶୖ⾜ᩥ᭩࡛ࡢ⏝ࡀᩥ⬦ࡽ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ๓㏙ࡢ Pinault (1984a) ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡉ ࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡢᐄඛ࡛࠶ࡿ aĞari kä܈܈i ࡀࢺ࢝ࣛேᩍࡢ㧗ൔࢆᣦࡍ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ kši acari 㛵㐃࡙ࡅ࡚ゎ㔘ࡉ ࢀࡿྰࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ kši acari ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᳃Ᏻ (2007: 22-25) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ ᚑ᮶⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿከࡃࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࢆ㇂᥈᳨㝲ࡣ㰼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ᫂ ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ෆᐜ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎࡽぢࢀࡤࠊẚᐃྍ⬟࡞⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡣࡢࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥぢࡽࢀ ࡿࡶࡢྠᵝࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝᒓࡍࡿ᩿∦ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ᪤㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣ Buddhastotra ᒓࡍࡿ᩿∦ࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸Ⅼࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀ ࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡣࡃ␗࡞ࡿᮏࡢ᩿∦࡛࡞ࡃࠊṤࡣ✀㢮ࡢᮏ⏤᮶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡶ᫂ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋBuddhastotra ᩿∦ࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ AB ࡢ୧⪅☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ≉ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B 㛵ࡋ ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ Kizil Ⓨぢࡢࡶࡢࡀከࡃࠊࡲࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡗࡓᮏศ㢮ࡉࢀ ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ᢅࡗࡓ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ୰ࡢ✀㢮ࡢ Buddhastotra ᮏࡣ Kizil ཬࡧ Shorchuk Ⓨぢࡢࢻࢶᡤⶶ᩿∦୍⮴ࡍࡿᮏᩥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᮏࡢⓎぢሙᡤࡣ⌧ Ⅼ࡛ࡣ☜ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࡶࡢࢆྵࡵ࡚ Buddhastotra ࡀᙜࢺ࢝ࣛᩍ࡛ᗈࡃཷ ᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀᨵࡵ࡚☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࠊ୍Ⅼࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊKaVƗ ࡢ᩿∦ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩୰ࡢᚊ᩿∦ࡘ ࠸࡚ከࡃࡢࡶࡢࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡢ KaVƗ ᩿∦ࡣࢠࣜࢫ࣭ࢻࢶ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ ࣟࢩࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㈨ᩱࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ«Supriya NƗܒaka»⛠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩍẚᐃࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ᩿∦ࡶ୍Ⅼぢࡽ ࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢᩍ㛵ࡍࡿ᩿∦ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ୰ 30 Ⅼ⛬▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᩿∦ࡢᵝᘧ ࡽྠ୍ࡢᮏ⏤᮶ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦ࡛ࡁࡿ55ࠋ ḟ bilingual ࡼࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B Კㄒࡢ bilingual ࡢ᩿∦ࡀ 15 Ⅼ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᮏ✏࡛⤂ࡋࡓⅬࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡢ᩿∦ࡢẚ ᐃࡣᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ56ࠊࡇࡢ✀ࡢ bilingual ࡢ᩿∦ࡀࢺ࢝ࣛᩍ࠾࠸࡚ᣢࡘពࡸᙺ ཬࡧࢺ࢝ࣛᩍ࠾ࡅࡿᲙㄒ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㈨ᩱࡀ㏣ຍࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡉࡽࠊ₎ᩥࡢ⣬⫼ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚᭩ࢀࡓࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ bilingual ᩿∦ࡀ Ⅼ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬࡢ᩿∦ࡣ⾲ࡢ₎ᩥ㠃ࡽࠗጁἲⶈ⳹⥂༹࠘භ┦ᙜࡍࡿࡀ᫂ ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡉࡽࢻࢶᡤⶶࡢ U5207 ཬࡧ U5208 ᥋ྜࡍࡿⅬࡶ₎ᩥ㠃ࡢẚᐃࡽⓎ ぢࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᩿∦ࡣ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱࢻࢶᡤⶶ㈨ᩱࡀ᥋ྜࡉࢀࡿࡋ࡚㔜 せ࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢺ࢝ࣛᩍ࢘ࢢࣝᩍࡢ᥋Ⅼ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽぢ࡚㠀ᖖ㈗㔜 ࡞㈨ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊୡᩥ᭩ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓⅬࢆࡅࡿ㈨ᩱࢆᥦ ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㛨᭶࣭ேྡ࣭ᡭ⣬ࡢᐃᆺྃࡢ୕Ⅼゝཬࡋࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ㈨ᩱ㛵ࡍࡿᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣ 1 Ⅼࠊ 55 ௬ࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶ᩿∦ྠ୍ࡢᮏ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊDuldur-akhur Ⓨぢ࠸࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶࡢ«Supriya NƗܒaka»᩿∦ࡣࡲࡔ࡚ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤ ⶶࡢ᩿∦ࡀࡢࡼ࠺⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡣᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚⥅⥆ࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚⾜ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ 56 1550 25 frg.3 ࡣ㠀ᖖ≧ែࡢᝏ࠸᩿∦࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࡽ㜿ẝ㐩☻ᩥ⊩ᒓࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ ᣦࡍࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊⲶཎ (2012a: 115) ࡛ࡣᲙㄒ࣭ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࡢ bilingual ࡋࡓ 1550 29 frg.11 ࡣࠊ ࡑࡢᚋࡢㄪᰝ࡛ recto ࡀ Udv.XIII.1d-3d ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࠊverso ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣ ᑐᛂࢆ᫂ࡽࡋᚓ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢ᩿∦ࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡋ࡚ゎ㔘ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㒊ศࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡓ ࡵࠊゝㄒే⏝᩿∦࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᲙᩥ᩿∦࡛࠶ࡿ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A ࡢ᩿∦ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᚑ᮶㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ A ࡢࡶ ࡢࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢⅬࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᩥ⊩Ꮫⓗ࡞ほⅬࡽࡢ㈨ᩱࡢ⤂ศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢෆࠊ㔜せ࡞Ⅼ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚㏙ ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊゝㄒᏛⓗࡣ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᏛ࡛▱ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ᪤Ꮡࡢ㈨ᩱࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ㄒᙧࡸࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞ ࡗࡓㄒࡸ⾲⌧ࡶ࠸ࡃࡘ㞟ࡍࡿࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ57ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ㈨ᩱࡢ 㒊ศࡣࡢࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥྠᵝ Classical ࡢᮇศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊᴟᑡᩘ Late ࡢᮇ ᒓࡍࡿ≉ᚩࢆ♧ࡍ᩿∦ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ ௨ୖ㏙࡚ࡁࡓⅬࢆ⥲ྜࡍࢀࡤࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣ Buddhastotra ࡸᚊᩥ ⊩࣭ᩍ࡞ゝࡗࡓ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࢆྵࡴ୍᪉ࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ bilingual ᩿∦࠸࠺ᴟࡵ࡚⛥ࡋぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸᩿∦ࡶぢࡽࢀࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡢᖜࡸዟ⾜ࡁࢆ ◊✲ࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞㈨ᩱゝ࠺ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩ࢆ⥙⨶ⓗ⤂ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤ ⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡀࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩య࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⨨ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡢ⌮ゎ౪ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆ௨ୗิᣲࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ [1] 㜿ྵ⤒ [8] ་Ꮫᩥ⊩ [2] ᚊⶶ [9] ᠲᩥ⊩ [3] ㄽⶶ [10] ୡᩥ᭩ [4] UdƗnavarga 㛵ಀࡢ [11] 㢟グ [5] ẚ႘㆓ࠊᮏ⏕㆓ [12] ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ B ࢘ࢢࣝㄒࡢ bilingual [6] Buddhastotra [13] ࣐ࢽᩍᩥ⊩ [7] ᩍ ࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺࡢෆࠊ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣẚᐃࡀ☜ᐃ࡞ࡶࡢࡶ ྵࡵࡿࠊ[2][3][4][6][7][8][10][12]࡞ࡿࠋ ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ᩿∦ࡢᩘࡀᴟ➃ᑡ࡞࠸ࡔࡅ࡛ ࡞ࡃࠊᙼࡽࡼࡗ࡚㰼ࡉࢀࡓ㈨ᩱࡢయീࡀ᫂░࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᚑ᮶ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᏛ࠾ࡅ ࡿ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡣࢻࢶࡸࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࢠࣜࢫẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠊࡑࢀ⛬㧗࠸ࡶࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ ࡢᩘࡣᙜึࡢணࢆࡁࡃୖᅇࡿつᶍࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾ➹⪅ࡀᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿṧࡾࡢ㇂ ᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱྜࢃࡏࡿࠊ196 Ⅼࡶୖࡿࠋࡇࡢᩘࡣ⌧ᅾ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣟࢩ ᡤⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱ༉ᩛࡍࡿᩘᏐ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୰ኸࢪࡢᩥ⊩ゝㄒࡢ◊✲ᑐࡍࡿ㇂ ᥈᳨㝲ࡢព⩏ࡸホ౯᳨ウࢆࡏࡲࡿࡶࡢゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊඛ⤂ࡋࡓࡼ࠺᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱྵࡲࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡣࢻࢶࡸ 57 ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓ┿ࡽࠊSchmidt (2000: 226, 231) ࡛ Nr.204 (= 1551 22) ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦࡉࢀࡓ pernerñe[sa] wyƗksasta ࠸࠺ゞṇࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࢠࣜࢫ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫᡤⶶࡢ᩿∦㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᩿∦ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢⅬࡽࡶࡇࢀࡽࡢ ㈨ᩱࡀࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩◊✲᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿព⩏ࡣ㠀ᖖࡁ࠸ࠋᚋࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ ࡃࠊᲙㄒ࡞ゝࡗࡓゝㄒࡼࡿᩥ⊩ࢆࡶど㔝ධࢀࡘࡘࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨ᩱᑐࡍࡿ ᆅ㐨࡞◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⤖ㄽ̽ࢺ࢝ࣛᩍࡢ⨨ࡅྥࡅ࡚ ࠗ၈すᇦグ࠘ࠗ㐟᪉グᢒ࠘࠸ࡗࡓ₎⡠ྐᩱ୰ぢࡽࢀࡿグ㏙ࡼࢀࡤ58ࠊࢡࢳࣕࢆ୰ ᚰࡋࡓすᇦ㐨ࡢᩍࡣ㒊ὴᩍࠊ≉ㄝ୍ษ᭷㒊ᒓࡍࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ᪤ 㒊ὴᖐᒓࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒᩥ⊩ࡶᗈ⩏ࡢㄝ୍ษ᭷㒊ࡉࢀ59ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ グ㍕୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ⶶࡢࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࡶࡇࡢ㒊ὴẚᐃࡉࢀࡿ᩿∦ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ ࡓࠋࢺ࢝ࣛᩍࢆ⨨ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡣࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡸୖᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺࡞₎⡠ࡢグ㘓ࡔࡅ࡛ ࡞ࡃࠊྠࡌᆅᇦ࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᲙᩥࡸ₎ᩥཬࡧࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡽ⩻ヂࡉࢀࡓࡉࢀ ࡿゝㄒࡢ࠸ࡗࡓᩥ⊩㈨ᩱࠊ▼❍ṧࡉࢀࡓᩍቨ⏬ࡸᑎ㝔㑇㊧ཬࡧᩥ≀ࡢ⪃ྂᏛ ⓗ◊✲࡞ࡶ⥲ྜࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᐜ᫆࡞సᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᚋゝㄒᏛࡸ ᩍᏛࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃṔྐᏛࡸ⨾⾡ྐゝࡗࡓศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢඹྠసᴗࢆ⾜࠸ࡘࡘࠊࢺ࢝ࣛ ᩍࡢゎ᫂ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ >ᩥ࣭୰ᩥ@ (2012)ࠕᓃ䖖ࠪ൏᮷Җᡰ㿱㋏⢩ᮉᗂࠖࠗすᇦ◊✲࠘2012 ᖺ➨ᮇ: 59-80. 㒌ᐩ⣧࣭⋤ⰷ (2007)ࠗ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ⶶすᇦᩥ᭩◊✲࠘ᕳฟ∧බྖ: ỿ㝧. ࣀཱྀὈ῟ (1957)ࠕ㇂᥈ᷙ㝲ᑘࠕふ㈌⨶ㄒᩥ᭩ᑎ㝔ฟ⣡グ㘓ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ ࠗ༳ᗘᏥషᩍ Ꮵ◊✲࠘5-2: 510-513. ࣀཱྀὈ῟ (1958)ࠕࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡢᛶ᱁ (୍) ࠖ ࠗ༳ᗘᏥషᩍᏥ◊✲࠘6-1: 178-181. ࣀཱྀὈ῟ (1961)ࠕࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ࠾ࡼࡧ࢘ࢸࣥㄒࡢషࠖࠗすᇦᩥ◊✲➨ᅄ࠘୰ኸࢪྂ ௦ㄒᩥ⋙, ி㒔: ἲⶶ㤋, 317-388. 㤶ᕝ㯱㆑ (1915)ࠗすᇦ⪃ྂᅯ㆕࠘ᮾி: ᅜ⳹♫. ⇃ᮏ⿱ (1984)ࠕHagauৢ৬a. snjliࠖࠗᅄኳ⋤ᑎᅜ㝿ᩍᏛᩥᏛ㒊⣖せ࠘17: 1-22. ୕㇂┿ (2011)ࠕ㱟㇂Ꮫ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ࡢ㠀₎Ꮠ㈨ᩱ–ࡑࡢព⩏ಖᏑ≧ἣࠖࠗ㱟㇂Ꮫ ࢪᩍᩥ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࠘No. 10-04 (2011 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 31 ᪥). See http://barc.ryukoku.ac.jp/research/working-paper/. ᳃ᏳᏕኵ (2007)ࠕす࢘ࢢࣝᩍࡢࢡࣟࣀࣟࢪ࣮—࣋ࢮࢡࣜࢡࡢࢢࣦ࢙࣮ࣜࣗࣥࢹࣝ⦅ྕ ➨ 8 ❍㸦᪂⦅ྕ➨ 18 ❍㸧ࡢቨ⏬ᖺ௦⪃—ࠖࠗᩍᏛ◊✲࠘➨ 62࣭63 ྕ: 1-45. ᳃ᏳᏕኵ (2011)ࠕࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻᮾ㒊ฟᅵྂ࢘ࢢࣝᡭ⣬ᩥ᭩ࡢ᭩ᘧ (๓⦅) ࠖࠗ㜰Ꮫ 58 ࠗ၈すᇦグ࠘(T.51, no. 2087, 870a24-27) ཬࡧࠗ㐟᪉グᢒ࠘(T.51, no. 2089, 979a26-29) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒࡢ㒊ὴᖐᒓࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ Ogihara (2009: 498-508) ࡛ㄽࡌࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࢆᢅࡗࡓ௦⾲ⓗ ࡞◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊCouvreur (1946) ཬࡧ Schmidt (1985) ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 59 Ꮫ㝔ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉⣖せ࠘➨ 51 ྕ: 1-86. Ⲷཎ⿱ᩄ (2012a)ࠕከᵝ࡞୰ኸࢪᩍ࠾ࡅࡿࢺ࢝ࣛᩍࡢ⨨࡙ࡅ㹼᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ ㈨ᩱࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚㹼ࠖ᪑㡰༤≀㤋࣭㱟㇂Ꮫඹ⦅ࠗࠕ୰ኸࢪฟᅵࡢᩍᮏࠖᅜ㝿Ꮫ ⾡㆟࠘ி㒔: 97-120. Ⲷཎ⿱ᩄ࣭ (2011)ࠕ㇂᥈᳨㝲ᑗ᮶ࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ㈨ᩱࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚(1)ࠖࠗ㱟㇂Ꮫషᩍᩥ ◊✲ᡤ⣖せ࠘50: 25-49. T. =ࠗṇ᪂⬶ⶶ⤒࠘ ᪂㱨Ⲑ▼❍◊✲ᡤġ ĩ2009)ࠗ⬄䇦⮽⑰䞛䩇ℭ⭡䵷拚࠘ி: ᩥ≀ฟ∧♫. >Ḣᩥ@ Bernhard, Franz (1965) UdƗnavarga. Band I. Einleitung, Beschreibung der Handschriften, Textausgabe, Bibliographie. (Sanskrittexte aus den Turfanfunden. X). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Carling, Gerd (2000) Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 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Thomas, Werner (1964) Tocharisches Elementarbuch. Band II. Texte und Glossar. Heidelberg: Winter. TochSprR(B) = Sieg, Emil and Wilhelm Siegling (1949 and 1953). Weber, Dieter (1975) Sogdische Miszellen. Indogermanische Forschungen 80: 91-97. >㏣グ@ Ⲷཎ (2012: 113-119) ࡛ࡣࠕ᪑㡰༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࢺ࢝ࣛㄒ᩿∦ࣜࢫࢺ✏ࠖࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑ ࡢᚋࡢㄪᰝ࡛௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゞṇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ゞṇ! p.115 1550 29 frg.11: Skt.-Toch.B > Skt. [recto: Udv.XIII.1d-3d] ㏣ຍ! p.118 1550 13 frg.1: Toch.B 1569 5 frg.2: Toch.B? 1569 5 frg.5: Skt.-Toch.B?