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様々な歩行状況下における歩容認証手法の性能評価

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様々な歩行状況下における歩容認証手法の性能評価
Vol.2013-CVIM-187 No.10
2013/5/30
৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
༷ʑͳาߦঢ়‫گ‬Լʹ͓͚Δา༰ೝূख๏ͷੑೳධՁ
౦ࢁ ါਅ1,a)
ᴳ‫ ݪ‬༃1,b)
੢໺ ߃2,c)
ീ໦ ߁࢙1,d)
֓ཁɿۙ೥ɼࢦ໲ೝূɼ೒࠼ೝূͳͲʹଓ͘৽͍͠όΠΦϝτϦοΫೝূͱͯ͠ɼηϯα͔Β཭Εͨ৔ॴ
Ͱ΋ຊਓ֬ೝ͕Մೳͳา༰ೝূʹߴ͍ؔ৺͕ू·͍ͬͯΔɽ͜Ε·Ͱʹଟ͘ͷา༰ೝূख๏͕ఏҊ͞Εͯ
͍Δ͕ɼͦΕΒͷख๏ʹର͢Δ༷ʑͳঢ়‫گ‬Λ૝ఆͨ͠แ‫ׅ‬తͳੑೳධՁ͸ະͩͳ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ɽͦ͜Ͱɼ
ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ༷ʑͳঢ়‫گ‬Լʹ͓͍ͯɼา༰ೝূख๏ͷੑೳධՁΛߦ͏͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢ΔɽੑೳධՁʹ༻͍
Δา༰ಛ௃͸ɼγϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬࿡ͭͷา༰ಛ௃ʹՃ͑ͯɼಈ͖৘ใΛΑΓੵ‫ۃ‬తʹར༻ͨ͠า༰ಛ௃
Ͱ͋ΔϑϨʔϜؒࠩ෼ʹ‫ཱͮ͘ج‬ମߴ࣍‫ݾࣗॴہ‬૬ؔಛ௃΍ɼΦϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔʹ‫ ͮ͘ج‬Gait motion
descriptors Λར༻͢Δɽ·ͨɼಛ௃ͷর߹ख๏ͱͯ͠͸ɼϢʔΫϦου‫ͼٴ཭ڑ‬ਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳΛ༻͍Δɽ
࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸ɼ଎౓͕มԽ͢Δ৔߹ɼ෰૷͕มԽ͢Δ৔߹ͷೋͭͷঢ়‫͚͓ʹگ‬Δา༰ೝূख๏ͷੑೳධՁΛߦ
͏ɽ࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼಘΒΕͨ݁ՌΛߟ࡯͠ɼ֤า༰ೝূख๏ͷ༗ޮੑΛൺֱͨ͠ɽ
Ωʔϫʔυɿา༰ಛ௃ɼੑೳධՁɼ଎౓มԽɼ෰૷มԽɼর߹ख๏
1. ͸͡Ίʹ
ۙ೥ɼ‫ݸ‬ਓ৘ใอ‫ޢ‬๏ͷࢪߦ΍஌తࡒ࢈ͷ૿ՃʹΑΓɼ
ϝτϦοΫೝূΛར༻͢ΔϓϩδΣΫτ [1] ͕ਐߦ͍ͯ͠
Δɽ͜Ε͸ɼόΠΦϝτϦοΫೝূͷར఺Ͱ͋Δɼ‫ޡ‬ೝࣝ
཰ͷ௿͞΍ɼඃೝূऀʹ͔͔Δෛ୲͕͕ܰ͞ɼΠϯυͷΑ
‫ݸ‬ਓೝূγεςϜʹ͓͚ΔηΩϡϦςΟͷ‫ڧ‬Խ͕ॏཁࢹ͞
͏ͳ৽‫ͯͬͱʹࠃڵ‬ड༰͠΍͍͢͜ͱ͕ཧ༝ͱͯ͠‫͛ڍ‬Β
Ε͍ͯΔɽ࠷ۙͰ͸ɼԕִૢ࡞΢ΟϧεʹΑΔ୺຤ͷ৐ͬ
ΕΔɽଞʹɼࢦ໲ʹΑΔ‫ػࢉܭ‬΍ϞόΠϧ୺຤΁ͷϩάΠ
औΓ΍ɼѱ࣭ͳϋοΩϯάʹΑΔ‫ݸ‬ਓ৘ใͷྲྀग़ͱ͍ͬͨ
ϯγεςϜɼ੩຺ʹΑΔΞΫηείϯτϩʔϧγεςϜɼ
αΠόʔࣄ͕݅ଟൃ͓ͯ͠ΓɼηΩϡϦςΟ‫ڴ‬Җ͸΋͸΍
ࢦ໲΍ DNA ʹΑΔ൜ࡑ૞ࠪͷͨΊͷؑఆγεςϜ౳Ͱར
ଞਓࣄͰ͸ͳ͍ͱ͜Ζ·Ͱഭ͖͍ͬͯͯΔɽͦͷΑ͏ͳഎ
༻͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ·ͨɼ೔ຊࠃ಺ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼۜߦ ATM ʹ
‫ܠ‬ͷதɼਓͷੜମ৘ใΛར༻ͨ͠όΠΦϝτϦοΫೝূ͕
͓͍ͯɼ҉ূ൪߸ʹՃ͑ͯࢦͷ੩຺ύλʔϯͷ৘ใΛར༻
ߴ͍ؔ৺ΛूΊ͍ͯΔɽ
͢Δ͜ͱͰηΩϡϦςΟͷ‫ڧ‬ԽΛਤ͍ͬͯΔɽ
όΠΦϝτϦοΫೝূͱ͸ɼࢦ໲΍‫ٿ؟‬ͷ೒࠼ɼ੩຺ͱ
͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼࢦ໲ɼ‫ٿ؟‬ͷ೒࠼ɼ੠໲ͱ͍ͬͨ਎ମత
͍ͬͨ਎ମతಛ௃΍ॺ໊ͱ͍ͬͨߦಈతಛ௃ʹΑͬͯຊਓ
ಛ௃Λར༻ͨ͠όΠτϝτϦΫεೝূ͸ɼηϯα͔Βͷ‫ڑ‬
֬ೝΛߦ͏ೝূํࣜͷ͜ͱͰɼੜମ৘ใ͕΋ͭීวੑɼ།
཭͕ۙ͘ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍఺΍ඃೝূऀ͕ࣗΒొ࿥ʹ޲͔
ҰੑɼӬଓੑͱ͍ͬͨಛ௃Λར༻͢Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼ҉ূ൪߸
Θͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ͱ͍͏ܽ఺͕͋Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳܽ఺Λ
΍ύεϫʔυʹൺ΂‫ݪ‬ཧతʹ‫ͳݻڧ‬ೝূٕज़Ͱ͋Δͱߟ͑
ิ͏όΠΦϝτϦοΫೝূͱͯ͠ɼηϯα͔Β཭ΕͨҐஔ
ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽΞϝϦΧ߹ऺࠃͷύεϙʔτίϯτϩʔϧʹ
ͰೝূΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɼਓͷา͖ํͷ‫ݸ‬ੑʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า
͓͍ͯ͸ɼࢦ໲‫إͼٴ‬ը૾Λऔಘ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼςϩϦετ
༰ೝূ͕஫໨ΛूΊ͓ͯΓɼ๷൜ΧϝϥΛར༻ͨ͠޿Ҭ‫؂‬
΍ࢦ໊ख഑൜ͷೖࠃΛ๷͙ࢼΈ͕ͳ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽΠϯυʹ
ࢹ΍൜ࡑ૞ࠪ΁ͷԠ༻͕‫ظ‬଴͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ࣮ࡍʹɼΠΪϦ
͓͍ͯ͸ɼ12 ԯʹ΋্Δ๲େͳ਺ͷࠃຽͷ‫ݸ‬ਓΛೝূ͢
εͰ͸ɼ‫ڧ‬౪൜ʹର͢Δา༰ೝূͷ݁Ռ͕ࡋ൑ॴʹ͓͚Δ
Δख๏ͱͯ͠ɼࢦ໲ೝূɼ೒࠼ೝূɼ‫إ‬ೝূͳͲͷόΠΦ
ূ‫͞༻࠾ͯ͠ͱڌ‬Εͨࣄྫ [2] ͕͋Γɼ·ͨɼ೔ຊʹ͓͍
ͯ΋ɼา༰ೝূʹΑΔؑఆ݁Ռ͕൜ࡑ૞ࠪࢧԉʹ‫͞༻׆‬Ε
1
2
a)
b)
c)
d)
େࡕେֶ
Osaka University
υϨΫηϧେֶ
Drexel University
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
ⓒ 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan
ͨࣄྫ΋͋Δɽ
͜ͷΑ͏ͳഎ‫ܠ‬ͷԼɼ͜Ε·Ͱଟ਺ͷา༰ೝূख๏͕ఏ
Ҋ͞Ε͖͓ͯͯΓɼͦΕΒ͸େ͖͘ϞσϧϕʔεͱΞϐΞ
ϥϯεϕʔεͷ 2 ख๏ʹ෼͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
Ϟσϧϕʔεͷख๏Ͱ͸ɼೖྗը૾ʹϞσϧΛ౰ͯ͸ΊΔ
1
Vol.2013-CVIM-187 No.10
2013/5/30
৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
͜ͱͰɼਓͷମ‫ܕ‬΍ಈ͖ͱ͍ͬͨಛ௃Λநग़͢ΔɽUrtasun
Β [3] ͸ɼղ๤ֶతͳਓମϞσϧΛ౰ͯ͸Ίɼؔઅ֯౓ͷ
நग़Λߦ͍ɼSpencer Β [4] ͸ɼநग़͞Εͨؔઅ఺ͷप‫ظ‬త
ͳҐஔ৘ใ͔Βɼ‫؍‬ଌํ޲ʹରͯ͠ෆมͳؔઅ֯౓ͷநग़
Λߦͬͨɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɼϞσϧϕʔεͷख๏͸ɼ௿ղ૾
౓ͷը૾ʹରͯ͠ɼϞσϧͷ౰ͯ͸Ί΍ಛ௃நग़ʹࣦഊ͢
(a) GEI
(b) FDF
(c) GENI
Δ৔߹͕͋Δɽ
ΞϐΞϥϯεϕʔεͷख๏Ͱ͸ɼը૾Λ௚઀ղੳ͠ಛ
௃Λநग़͢ΔɽHan ͱ Bhanu[5] ͸γϧΤοτը૾ྻΛप
‫Ͱظ‬ฏ‫ۉ‬Խͨ͠ɼGait energy image (GEI) ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽ
Makihara Β [6] ͸γϧΤοτը૾Λ্࣌ؒ࣠ʹੵΈॏͶΔ
(d) MGEI
(e) GFI
(f) CGI
͜ͱͰಘΒΕΔา༰γϧΤοτϘϦϡʔϜ͔Βɼ࣌ؒඇґ
ଘͷप೾਺ྖҬಛ௃ (Frequency domain feature, FDF) Λ
நग़ͨ͠ɽBashir Β [8] ͸ 1 प‫ظ‬෼ͷγϧΤοτը૾ྻ͔
Β࣌ؒతͳΤϯτϩϐʔΛ‫ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬ɼGait entropy image
(GEnI) ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽLam Β [9] ͸γϧΤοτը૾ؒͷΦ
ϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔΛ‫ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬ɼGait flow image (GFI) Λ
(g) CHLAC
ఏҊͨ͠ɽBashir Β [10] ͸ GEnI ͔Β࡞੒ͨ͠ϚεΫʹ
GEI Λ౰ͯΔɼMasked GEI based on GEnI (MGEI) Λఏ
Ҋͨ͠ɽWang Β [11] ͸γϧΤοτͷྠֲΛҐ૬ʹ‫͍ͮج‬
ͯ৭͚ͮͯ͠ 4 ෼ͷ 1 प‫ظ‬ຖʹॏͶ߹ΘͤΔ Chrono-gait
image (CGI) ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɼγϧΤοτʹ‫ج‬
(h) GMD
า༰ಛ௃
ͮ͘ಛ௃நग़͸ɼ੩తͳ෦෼ͱಈతͳ෦෼Λࠞࡶͯ͠ѻͬ
ਤ 1
͍ͯΔͨΊɼମ‫ʹܕ‬େ͖͘ґଘ͢Δ܏޲͕͋Δɽ
Ұ ํ ɼγ ϧ Τ ο τ ը ૾ Λ ༻ ͍ ͳ ͍ า ༰ ಛ ௃ ͱ ͠ ͯ ɼ
Kobayashi ͱ Otsu[12] ͸ɼϑϨʔϜؒࠩ෼ʹΑΓಈతͳಛ
௃఺Λऔಘ͠ɼ251 ‫ݸ‬ͷۭ࣌ؒύλʔϯΛநग़͢Δɼཱମߴ
ख๏ͱͯ͠ɼϢʔΫϦου‫ͮ͘جʹ཭ڑ‬র߹ɼਖ਼४൑ผ෼
ੳʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬র߹ͷ 2 ख๏Λ༻͍Δɽ
࣍‫ݾࣗॴہ‬૬ؔ (Cubic higher-order local auto-corelation,
2. า༰ಛ௃
CHLAC) ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼBashir Β [13] ͸ɼೖྗը૾ؒ
2.1 γϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃
ͷΦϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔΛ‫͠ࢉܭ‬ɼಛ௃఺Λ্Լࠨӈͷಈ఺ɾ
ΞϐΞϥϯεϕʔεͷา༰ಛ௃ͷதͰ΋ɼา༰γϧΤο
੩ࢭ఺ͷ‫ͭޒ‬ͷ‫ه‬ड़ࢠʹ෼ผ͢ΔɼGait motion descriptor
τը૾͔Βಛ௃நग़Λߦ͏ํ๏͕‫ࡏݱ‬ͷओྲྀͱͳ͍ͬͯ
(GMD) ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽ
Δɽา༰γϧΤοτը૾͸ɼഎ‫ࠩܠ‬෼ʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬άϥϑΧο
͜ͷΑ͏ʹ༷ʑͳา༰ೝূख๏͕ఏҊ͞ΕΔதɼIwama
Β [14] ͸ΞϐΞϥϯεϕʔεͷา༰ೝূख๏ʹ͍ͭͯɼ
τྖҬ෼ׂ [7] ͳͲΛ༻͍ͯ࡞੒͞ΕΔɽ
·ͨɼา༰ೝূ͸ಈը૾Λର৅ͱ͢ΔͷͰɼর߹ͷࡍʹ
4,000 ਓҎ্ͷେ‫ن‬໛σʔλϕʔεΛ༻͍ͨੑೳධՁΛ
͸ಉҰ࢟੎ಉ࢜ͷ੩ࢭըͰରԠͤ͞ΔͨΊͷϑϨʔϜಉ‫ظ‬
ߦͬͨɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼ্‫ه‬ͷੑೳධՁ͸ࡾͭͷ‫ݶͰ఺؍‬
ॲཧ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼ1 प‫ظ‬෼ͷಈը૾͔Β։࢝ϑ
ఆతͰ͋Δͱ͍͏໰୊఺͕͋ͬͨɽୈҰʹɼಉঢ়‫گ‬ԼͰͷ
ϨʔϜͷาߦ࢟੎ʹґΒͳ͍า༰ಛ௃Λऔಘ͠ɼͦͷप‫ظ‬
ੑೳධՁ͔͠ߦΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱɼୈೋʹɼγϧΤοτ
୯Ґͷಛ௃ຖʹর߹Λߦ͏͜ͱͰϑϨʔϜಉ‫ॲظ‬ཧΛ؆୯
ը૾ʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬࿡ͭͷา༰ಛ௃ (GEIɾFDFɾGEnIɾGFIɾ
Խ͢Δɽप‫ݕظ‬ग़ͷख๏ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ[6] ͰఏҊ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
MGEIɾCGI) ʹ͍ͭͯͷΈͷੑೳධՁʹ‫ݶ‬ఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
γϧΤοτը૾ྻͷਖ਼‫ن‬Խࣗ‫ݾ‬૬ؔ࠷େԽʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ख๏Λ
͜ͱɼୈࡾʹɼϢʔΫϦου‫ͮ͘جʹ཭ڑ‬୯Ұͷর߹ख๏
༻͍ΔɽҎ߱ɼຊ‫͍༻Ͱڀݚ‬Δา༰ಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯɼ؆୯ʹ
ʹ‫ݶ‬ఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔɽ
આ໌͓ͯ͘͠ɽ
Αͬͯຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼҎԼͷࡾ఺ʹΑΓɼΑΓแ‫ׅ‬తͳา
GEI ͸ɼγϧΤοτը૾ྻΛาߦप‫Ͱظ‬ฏ‫ۉ‬Խ͢Δ͜ͱ
༰ೝূख๏ͷੑೳධՁΛߦ͏͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ(1) ଎౓
ͰಘΒΕΔɽGEI ͸ਓ෺ྖҬ෦෼ɼͭ·Γମ‫ܕ‬ͷେ͖͕͞
มԽ΍෰૷มԽͱ͍༷ͬͨʑͳঢ়‫گ‬Լʹ͓͍ͯੑೳධՁΛ
ಛ௃ʹେ͖͘࡞༻͢ΔͷͰɼಉঢ়‫گ‬ԼͰͷর߹ʹ͓͍ͯߴ
ߦ͏ɽ(2) γϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃ʹՃ͑ɼϑϨʔϜ
͍ੑೳΛൃ‫͢ش‬Δ [14]ɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼ෰૷มԽͷΑ͏ͳ
ؒࠩ෼ɾΦϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔͱ͍ͬͨɼ੩ࢭ෦෼ͱಈ͖෦
ਓ෺ྖҬͷγϧΤοτ͕େ͖͘มԽ͢Δ৔߹ʹ͸ਫ਼౓͕
෼Λ۠ผͨ͠า༰ಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯੑೳධՁΛߦ͏ɽ(3) র߹
௿͘ͳΔ܏޲͕͋Δɽਤ 1(a) ͸ GEI ΛՄࢹԽͨ͠ը૾Ͱ
ⓒ 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan
2
Vol.2013-CVIM-187 No.10
2013/5/30
৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
͋Δɽ
Ϋηϧʹ͍ͭͯɼۭ࣌ؒతͳߴ࣍‫ॴہ‬ύλʔϯͱͷ૬ؔΛ
FDF ͸ɼาߦप‫ͮ͘جʹظ‬प೾਺ྖҬಛ௃Λา༰ಛ௃
‫͠ࢉܭ‬ɼ֤ύλʔϯʹର͢ΔώετάϥϜΛ࡞੒͠ɼͦΕ
ͱͯ͠ར༻͢Δɽप‫ظ‬ຖʹ෼ׂͨ͠γϧΤοτը૾ྻʹର
Λಛ௃ͱ͢ΔɽCHLAC ͸‫ݾࣗॴہ‬૬ؔಛ௃ͷੑ࣭Ͱ͋Δ
ͯ͠ɼ࣌ؒ࣠ํ޲ͷ 1 ࣍‫ࢄ཭ݩ‬ϑʔϦΤม‫׵‬Λ‫͠ࢉܭ‬ɼา
Ճ๏ੑ͕͋Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼর߹ͷࡍʹಈը૾͔Βਓ෺ྖҬΛ
ߦप‫Ͱظ‬ਖ਼‫ن‬Խ͞Εͨ௿प೾੒෼ͷৼ෯εϖΫτϧΛநग़
நग़͢Δඞཁ͕ͳ͍ɽ·ͨɼଞͷา༰ಛ௃ʹൺ΂ͯ௿࣍‫ݩ‬
͢Δ͜ͱͰಘΒΕΔɽFDF ͸ GEI ಉ༷ɼਓ෺ྖҬ͕ಛ௃
ͷಛ௃औಘ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽਤ 1(g) ͸ CHLAC ͷώε
ʹେ͖͘࡞༻͢Δɽಛʹ 0 ഒप೾੒෼͸ GEI ͱಉ༷ͷ‫ܭ‬
τάϥϜͰ͋Δɽ
ࢉࣜʹͳΔͨΊɼGEI ͱಉ༷ͷಛ௃͕நग़͞ΕΔɽਤ 1(b)
͸ FDF ΛՄࢹԽͨ͠ը૾Ͱ͋Δɽ
GEnI ͸ɼGEI ʹର͢ΔγϟϊϯΤϯτϩϐʔΛࢉग़͢
2.3 ΦϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃
าߦʹ͓͚Δಈతͳ෦෼Λநग़͢Δख๏ͱͯ͠ɼΦϓ
Δ͜ͱͰಘΒΕΔɽGEnI ͸ମ‫װ‬෦෼ͳͲͷप‫Ͱ಺ظ‬લ‫ܠ‬
ςΟΧϧϑϩʔʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ख๏͕͋Γɼͦͷ୅දྫͱͯ͠ɼ
Ͱ͋Γଓ͚ΔྖҬ΍ɼഎ‫͋Ͱܠ‬Γଓ͚ΔྖҬɼଈͪɼGEI
GMD ͕͋Δɽ
ʹ͓͍ͯന΍ࠇͱͳΔྖҬʹ͓͚Δ஋͸ 0 ͱͳΓɼख଍ͳ
GFI ͷΑ͏ʹγϧΤοτը૾ʹ‫͢ࢉܭ͍ͯͮج‬ΔΦϓ
Ͳͷಈ͖ͷ͋ΔྖҬɼଈͪɼGEI ʹ͓͍ͯփ৭ͱͳΔྖҬ
ςΟΧϧϑϩʔͱ͸ҟͳΓɼGMD ͸ମ಺෦ͷςΫενϟ
Ͱେ͖ͳ஋ͱͳΔΑ͏ͳಛ௃Ͱ͋ΔɽΑͬͯ GEI ͱൺ΂
΋༻͍Δ͜ͱ͔ΒɼΑΓ๛෋Ͱ࣮ࡍతͳಈ͖ಛ௃ΛಘΔ͜
ͯɼΑΓಈ͖Λॏࢹͨ͠ಛ௃Λநग़͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽͦ
ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ·ͨɼGMD Ͱ͸γϧΤοτը૾ΛϚεΫͱ
ͷੑ࣭͔Βɼ෰૷มԽͷΑ͏ͳਓ෺ྖҬ͕େ͖͘มԽ͢Δ
ͯ͠༻͍Δ͜ͱͰࠨӈ্Լํ޲ͷಈ͖෦෼ͱɼͦΕҎ֎ͷ
ঢ়‫Ͱگ‬΋ൺֱతর߹͕͏·͍͘͘Մೳੑ͕͋Δɽਤ 1(c) ͸
੩ࢭ෦෼Λ෼཭ͯ͠औಘ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δɽਤ 1(h) ͸
GEnI ΛՄࢹԽͨ͠ը૾Ͱ͋Δɽ
MGEI ͸্‫ه‬ͷ GEIɼGEnI Λ૊Έ߹Θͤͨา༰ಛ௃Ͱ
GMD ͷ੩ࢭ෦෼ɼࠨɾӈɾ্ɾԼํ޲ͷಈ͖෦෼ΛՄࢹ
Խͨ͠ը૾Ͱ͋Δɽ
͋ΔɽGEnI Ͱେ͖ͳ஋Λ΋ͭྖҬɼଈͪɼಈ͖ͷେ͖ͳ
GMD ͸ɼา༰ಛ௃Λ੩తͳ෦෼ͱಈతͳ෦෼ʹ۠ผ͢
ྖҬΛϚεΫͱͯ͠औΓग़͠ɼͦͷϚεΫΛ GEI ʹద༻
ΔͨΊɼ଎౓มԽ΍෰૷มԽͳͲɼ༷ʑͳঢ়‫گ‬มԽʹର͠
͢Δ͜ͱͰಛ௃Λநग़͢ΔɽMGEI ͸ಈ͖Λॏࢹͨ͠ಛ௃
ͯ‫ͳͱ݈ؤ‬ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɽর߹ͷࡍ͸ɼࠨӈ্Լͷಈ͖
Ͱ͋Γɼ‫ב‬΍ίʔτͱ͍ͬͨਓ෺ྖҬͷมԽʹରͯ͠‫݈ؤ‬
ํ޲ͱ੩ࢭ෦෼ͷ‫ͭޒ‬ͷ‫ه‬ड़ࢠຖʹ૬ҧ౓Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽ͜͜
ͳ܏޲ʹ͋Δɽਤ 1(d) ͸ GEI ΛՄࢹԽͨ͠ը૾ͱ GEnI
Ͱɼ‫ٻ‬Ίͨ‫ͭޒ‬ͷ૬ҧ౓ͷ಺ɼԼํ޲ͷ‫ه‬ड़ࢠ͸ࣝผʹ༗
͔Β࡞੒ͨ͠ϚεΫը૾Ͱ͋Δɽ
ޮͳ৘ใྔ͕গͳ͍ͨΊল͖ɼ࢒Γͷ࢛ͭͷ૬ҧ౓ͷॏΈ
GFI ͸ɼγϧΤοτը૾ྻʹର͢ΔΦϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔ
৔͔Βɼᮢ஋Ҏ্ͷಈ͖ͷ͋Δ෦෼Λप‫Ͱظ‬ฏ‫ۉ‬Խ͢Δ͜
෇͚૯࿨Λ࠷ऴతͳ૬ҧ౓ͱ͢Δɽ
ͱͰநग़͢Δา༰ಛ௃Ͱ͋ΔɽGFI ͸ΦϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔ
3. র߹ख๏
ۭ͔ؒΒநग़͞ΕΔͨΊɼγϧΤοτը૾ྻͷಈ͖ͷ෦෼
3.1 ϢʔΫϦου‫ͮ͘جʹ཭ڑ‬র߹ख๏
Λॏࢹͨ͠า༰ಛ௃ͱͳΔɽਤ 1(e) ͸ GFI ΛՄࢹԽͨ͠
র߹ख๏ͱͯ͠࠷΋୯७ͳํ๏͸ɼา༰ಛ௃ͷ֤࣍‫ݩ‬ͷ
ը૾Ͱ͋ΔɽγϧΤοτը૾ʹର͢ΔΦϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔ
ࠩͷࣗ৐࿨ͷฏํࠜɼଈͪɼา༰ಛ௃ϕΫτϧʹର͢ΔϢʔ
Λ‫͍ͯ͠ࢉܭ‬ΔͷͰɼಛ௃͕ਓ෺ͷྠֲ෇ۙʹͷΈ‫ݱ‬Εͯ
ΫϦου‫཭ڑ‬Λ૬ҧ౓ͱ͢Δํ๏Ͱ͋Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼา༰
͍Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔Δɽ
ը૾ྻ P ɼG ͔Βநग़͞ΕΔ D ࣍‫ݩ‬ͷา༰ಛ௃ϕΫτϧΛ
CGI ͸ɼ4 ෼ͷ 1 าߦप‫ظ‬ຖʹநग़ͨ͠ྠֲΛҐ૬ʹԠ
D
P
G
D
G
xP
i ∈ R (i = 1, . . . , N )ɼ‫ ͼٴ‬x j ∈ R (j = 1, . . . , N )
ٖͯ͡ࣅ৭Λ༻͍ͯϚοϐϯά͠ɼॏͶ߹Θͤͨา༰ಛ௃
Λর߹͢Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δɽ͜͜ͰɼN P ɼN G ͸ɼา༰ը
Ͱ͋ΔɽCGI ͸ྠֲΛಛ௃ͱͯ͠நग़͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͔Βɼ
૾ྻ P ɼG ͔ΒͦΕͧΕநग़͞ΕΔา༰ಛ௃਺ (ຆͲͷಛ
෰૷มԽͳͲ֎తཁҼʹΑΔาߦঢ়‫گ‬ͷมԽʹ‫޲܏ͳ݈ؤ‬
௃ʹ͓͍ͯ͸प‫ظ‬ͷ਺) Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͣɼP ͷ i ൪໨ͷಛ௃
ʹ͋Δɽਤ 1(f) ͸ CGI ΛՄࢹԽͨ͠ը૾Ͱ͋Δɽ
G
xP
i ͱɼG ͷ j ൪໨ͷಛ௃ x j ͷ૬ҧ౓ Mi,j ΛҎԼͷΑ͏
ʹ‫͢ࢉܭ‬Δɽ
2.2 ϑϨʔϜؒࠩ෼ʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃
าߦʹ͓͚Δಈతͳ෦෼Λநग़͢Δख๏ͱͯ͠ɼϑϨʔ
Ϝؒࠩ෼͕͋ΔɽϑϨʔϜؒࠩ෼͸ɼt ϑϨʔϜ໨ͷը૾
ͱ t + n ϑϨʔϜ໨ͷը૾ͷࠩ෼͕ᮢ஋Ҏ্ͷ఺ͱͯ͠ந
ग़͞ΕΔɽ
ϑϨʔϜؒࠩ෼Ͱ࡞੒ͨ͠ಈ఺ͷγʔέϯε͔Βಛ௃Λ
நग़͢Δख๏ͱͯ͠ɼCHLAC ͕͋ΔɽCHLAC Ͱ͸ɼϑ
ϨʔϜؒࠩ෼ʹͯநग़ͨ͠ಈ͖ྖҬʹ͓͚ΔͦΕͧΕͷϐ
ⓒ 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan
G
Mi,j = x P
i − xj
(1)
࠷ऴతͳ૬ҧ౓ M ͸ɼ֤ಛ௃ͷ૊ʹର͢Δ૬ҧ౓ Mi,j ͷ
࠷খ஋Λબ୒͢Δɽ
M = min Mi,j
i,j
(2)
3.2 ਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬র߹ख๏
ೝূੑೳͷ޲্ͷͨΊʹ͸ɼຊਓಉ࢜ͷ‫཭ڑ‬Λ࠷খԽ͠ɼ
3
Vol.2013-CVIM-187 No.10
2013/5/30
৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
ද 1
OU-ISIR Gait Database, The Treadmill Dataset
આ໌
ֶश
ςετ
σʔληοτ
(a) PCA
Dataset A
9 छྨͷ଎౓มԽ
14 ਓ
20 ਓ
Dataset B
࠷େ 32 छྨͷ෰૷มԽ
21 ਓ
47 ਓ
(b) LDA
ਤ 2 ֤ۭؒʹ͓͚Δ GEI ͷࢄ෍ਤ
ଞਓಉ࢜ͷ‫཭ڑ‬Λ࠷େԽ͢ΔΑ͏ͳಛ௃ۭؒΛߏங͢Δ͜
ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋ΔɽͦͷΑ͏ͳۭؒ͸ઢ‫ܗ‬൑ผ෼ੳ (Linear
discriminant analysis, LDA) Λར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰಘΒΕΔɽ
ઢ‫ܗ‬൑ผ෼ੳͱ͸ɼΫϥε಺‫ڞ‬෼ࢄߦྻͱΫϥεؒ‫ڞ‬෼ࢄ
ߦྻͷҰൠԽ‫ݻ‬༗஋໰୊Λղ͘͜ͱͰɼΫϥε಺෼ࢄΛ࠷
ਤ 3
଎౓มԽ (্ஈ) ͱ෰૷มԽ (Լஈ) ͷྫ
খԽ͠ɼΫϥεؒ෼ࢄΛ࠷େԽ͢ΔΑ͏ͳಛ௃ۭؒͷ‫ج‬ఈ
ϕΫτϧΛಘΔख๏Ͱ͋Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼߴ࣍‫ݩ‬ͷา༰ಛ௃
Λओ੒෼෼ੳ (Principal component analysis, PCA) Λ༻
4. ࣮‫ݧ‬
͍ͯ௿࣍‫ݩ‬ͷۭؒʹࣹӨ͠ɼಘΒΕͨ௿࣍‫ݩ‬σʔλΛઢ‫ܗ‬
4.1 σʔληοτ
൑ผ෼ੳ (LDA) ͢Δɼਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳΛ༻͍Δɽ
࣮‫ʹݧ‬͸ The OU-ISIR Gait Database, The Treadmill
·ͣɼֶशʹ༻͍Δಛ௃ͷฏ‫ۉ‬ϕΫτϧΛ༻͍ͯɼ֤ಛ
Dataset [15] ͷ಺ɼDataset AɼB Λ༻͍ͨɽͳ͓ɼDataset
௃͔Βࠩ͠Ҿ͍͓͖ͯɼओ੒෼෼ੳΛ༻͍ͯา༰ಛ௃Λ௿
A ͸ 2km/h ͔Β 10km/h ·Ͱ 1km/h ࠁΈͷ଎౓มԽΛ࣋
࣍‫ࣹʹۭؒݩ‬Ө͢Δɽ࣍ʹɼֶशʹ༻͍Δಛ௃਺ɼಛ௃ͷ
ͭ 34 ਓͷඃ‫ऀݧ‬ͷาߦγʔέϯε͔ΒͳΓɼDataset B ͸
࣍‫ݩ‬ΛͦΕͧΕߦɼྻͱͨ͠ߦྻʹରͯ͠ಛҟ஋෼ղΛద
࠷େ 32 छྨͷ෰૷มԽΛ࣋ͭ 68 ਓͷඃ‫ऀݧ‬ͷาߦγʔέ
༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ௿࣍‫ݩ‬ͷۭؒͷ‫ج‬ఈϕΫτϧΛ‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽਤ
ϯε͔ΒͳΔɽ
2(a) ͸ GEI ͷ PCA ۭؒʹ͓͚Δ্Ґ 2 ओ੒෼ͷࢄ෍ਤͰ
͋Δɽ
ද 1 ʹ࢖༻ͨ͠าߦγʔέϯεΛవΊΔɽ·ͨɼ଎౓ม
Խɼ෰૷มԽͷྫΛਤ 3 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
࣍ʹɼಘΒΕͨ௿࣍‫ݩ‬σʔλΛઢ‫ܗ‬൑ผ෼ੳ͢Δɽઢ‫ܗ‬
·ͨɼา༰ಛ௃ͷর߹ʹࡍͯ͠ɼσʔληοτΛΪϟϥ
൑ผ෼ੳͰ͸ɼԼ‫ه‬ͷ௨Γɼ௿࣍‫ݩ‬σʔλͷΫϥε಺‫ڞ‬෼
Ϧʔͱϓϩʔϒͷೋछྨʹ෼ׂ͢ΔɽΪϟϥϦʔ͸าߦ
ࢄ SW ͱΫϥεؒ‫ڞ‬෼ࢄ SB Λ‫͠ࢉܭ‬ɼೋͭͷ‫ڞ‬෼ࢄߦྻ
γʔέϯεͷొ࿥σʔλΛɼϓϩʔϒ͸าߦγʔέϯεͷ
ͷҰൠԽ‫ݻ‬༗஋໰୊Λղ͘ɽ
ೖྗσʔλΛҙຯ͢Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼDatasetA ͸ඃ‫ऀݧ‬ຖ
SW =
Nfi eatures
N
class
i=1
ʹಉঢ়‫گ‬ԼͰͷาߦγʔέϯε͕ 2 ύλʔϯ͋ΔͷͰɼͦ
(xi,j − mi )(xi,j − mi )T
(3)
j=1
ΕͧΕΛΪϟϥϦʔɼϓϩʔϒͱ͠ɼDataset B ͸ܰ૷ʹ
͋ͨΔ 1 छྨͷาߦγʔέϯεΛΪϟϥϦʔɼ࢒Γͷ࠷େ
31 छྨͷ෰૷ͷาߦγʔέϯεΛϓϩʔϒͱ͢Δɽ
SB =
N
class
Nfi eatures (mi − m)(mi − m)T
(4)
i=1
SW x = λSB x, x = 0
͜͜ͰɼNclass ͸ඃ‫਺ऀݧ‬ΛɼNfi eatures
(5)
4.2 ධՁई౓
า༰ೝূͷੑೳʹ͓͍ͯɼ1 ର 1 ೝূ (Vefirication) ͱ 1
ର N ೝূ (Identification) ͷೋͭͷγφϦΦΛߟྀ͢Δɽ
͸ i ൪໨ͷΫϥε
1 ର 1 ೝূͰ͸ɼর߹ʹΑΓಘΒΕͨ૬ҧ౓͕ᮢ஋ҎԼ
ͷಛ௃਺Λද͢ɽ·ͨɼxi,j ͸ i ൪໨ͷΫϥεͷ j ൪໨ͷ
Ͱ͋Ε͹ຊਓͱͯ͠ड͚ೖΕɼᮢ஋Λ௒͑Ε͹ଞਓͱ͠
ಛ௃Λɼmi ͸ i ൪໨ͷΫϥεͷฏ‫ۉ‬Λɼm ͸શಛ௃ͷฏ
ͯ‫ڋ‬൱͢ΔɽϓϩʔϒͱΪϟϥϦʔશͯͷ૊ʹରͯ͜͠
‫ۉ‬Λද͢ɽ
ͷΑ͏ͳ൑அΛߦ͍ɼ݁Ռͱͯ͠ຊਓ‫ڋ‬൱‫ޡ‬Γ཰ (False
ਤ 2(b) ͸ GEI ͸ LDA ۭؒʹ͓͚Δ্Ґ 2 ੒෼ͷࢄ෍ਤ
rejection rate, FRR) ͱଞਓडೖ‫ޡ‬Γ཰ (False acceptance
Ͱ͋ΔɽPCA ۭؒʹ͓͚Δࢄ෍ਤ (ਤ 2(a)) ʹൺ΂ɼLDA
rate, FAR) Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽຊਓ‫ڋ‬൱‫ޡ‬Γ཰ͱଞਓडೖ‫ޡ‬Γ཰ͷ
ۭؒͷࢄ෍ਤ (ਤ 2(b)) ͸֤Ϋϥε಺Ͱີू͠ɼ֤Ϋϥε
૊Έ߹Θͤ͸ɼ૬ҧ౓ͷᮢ஋ΛมԽͤ͞Δ͜ͱͰมԽ͢Δ͜
ؒͰ෼ࢄ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔Δɽ
ͱ͔ΒɼͦͷτϨʔυΦϑΛද͢ड৴ऀૢ࡞ಛੑ (Receiver
Operating Characteristics, ROC) ‫ۂ‬ઢ͕ಘΒΕΔɽ
ⓒ 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan
4
Vol.2013-CVIM-187 No.10
2013/5/30
৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
͜͜Ͱɼਤ 4(a), (b) ͸ϢʔΫϦου‫ͮ͘جʹ཭ڑ‬র߹ख๏
ʹର͢Δ ROC ‫ۂ‬ઢͱ CMC ‫ۂ‬ઢΛɼਤ 4(c), (d) ͸ਖ਼४൑
ผ෼ੳʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬র߹ख๏ʹର͢Δ ROC ‫ۂ‬ઢͱ CMC ‫ۂ‬ઢ
Λ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼਤ 4(e)ɼ(f) ͸ɼͦΕͧΕ౳Ձ‫ޡ‬Γ
཰ɼ1 Ґೝূ཰ͷ݁ՌΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ
෰૷มԽʹ͓͚Δา༰ೝূͷ৔߹ɼর߹͢ΔΪϟϥϦʔ
ͱϓϩʔϒͷਓ෺ྖҬͷγϧΤοτ͕େ͖͘มԽ͢Δͨ
ΊɼγϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃ͷਫ਼౓͕௿͘ͳΔɽಛʹ
(a) ROC ‫ۂ‬ઢ (ϢʔΫϦου
(b) CMC ‫ۂ‬ઢ (ϢʔΫϦου
ਓ෺ྖҬͷγϧΤοτʹେ͖͘ґଘ͢Δ GEI ΍ FDF ͸ଞ
‫)཭ڑ‬
‫)཭ڑ‬
ͷา༰ಛ௃ͱൺ΂ͯೝূਫ਼౓͕௿͍ɽҰํɼΤϯτϩϐʔ
Λར༻ͨ͠ GEnI ΍ MGEI ͸γϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃
ͷதͰ΋ಈ͖෦෼ʹண໨͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼߴ͍ਫ਼౓ͱͳͬͯ
͍Δ (ਤ 4(a), (b) ࢀর)ɽ
͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬র߹ͷ݁Ռ (ਤ 4(c),
(d)) Λ‫ݟ‬ΔͱɼGEI ΍ FDF ͕ GEnI ΍ MGEI ΑΓߴ͍ਫ਼
౓͕ग़͍ͯΔɽ͜Ε͸ GEnI ΍ MGEI ͕୯७ൺֱͷࡍʹਫ਼
౓͕޲্͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋ͬͯɼਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬র߹ख
(c) ROC ‫ۂ‬ઢ (ਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳ)
(d) CMC ‫ۂ‬ઢ (ਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳ)
๏ͷ৔߹ɼGEI ΍ FDF ͷํ͕ΑΓઢ‫ܗ‬൑ผ෼ੳ͕ޮՌత
ʹಇۭؒ͘Ͱ͋ͬͨ͜ͱ͕ཧ༝ͱͯ͠‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔɽ
·ͨਤ 4(e), (f) ͷ݁ՌΑΓɼਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬র߹
ख๏͕ϢʔΫϦου‫ͮ͘جʹ཭ڑ‬র߹ख๏ΑΓ༏Ε͍ͯΔ
͜ͱ͕෼͔ΔɽΑͬͯɼ࣍અҎ߱͸ਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳΛ༻͍ͨ
݁ՌͷΈΛఏࣔ͢Δɽ
4.4 ଎౓มԽʹ͓͚ΔੑೳධՁ
(e) ౳Ձ‫ޡ‬Γ཰
ਤ 4
(f) 1 Ґೝূ཰
෰૷มԽʹ͓͚ΔੑೳධՁ
࣍ʹɼ଎౓มԽʹ͓͚Δา༰ೝূͷੑೳධՁΛߦ͏ɽ͜
͜Ͱɼਤ 5 ͸ 1 ର 1 ೝূͷ݁ՌΛɼਤ 6 ͸ 1 ର N ೝূͷ݁
ՌΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼਤ 7(a)ɼਤ 7(b) ͸ͦΕͧΕ౳Ձ
1 ର 1 ೝূʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼຊਓ‫ڋ‬൱‫ޡ‬Γ཰ͱଞਓडೖ‫ޡ‬Γ
‫ޡ‬Γ཰ɼ1 Ґೝূ཰ͷ݁ՌΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ
཰ͷ྆ํ͕௿͍͜ͱ͕๬·͍͠ͱ‫͑ݴ‬Δɽ·ͨɼຊਓ‫ڋ‬൱
଎౓มԽʹ͓͚Δา༰ೝূͷ৔߹ɼর߹͢ΔΪϟϥϦʔ
‫ޡ‬Γ཰ͱଞਓडೖ‫ޡ‬Γ཰͕౳͍͠ͱ͖ɼͦͷ‫ޡ‬Γ཰Λ౳Ձ
ͱϓϩʔϒͷਓ෺ͷಈ͖͕େ͖͘มԽ͢ΔͨΊɼಈ͖෦෼
‫ޡ‬Γ཰ (Equal error rate, EER) ͱ‫ͼݺ‬ɼ1 ର 1 ೝূʹ͓͚
ʹண໨ͨ͠า༰ಛ௃ͷਫ਼౓΋௿͘ͳΔɽಛʹΦϓςΟΧϧ
Δࢦඪͱ͢Δɽ
ϑϩʔΛར༻ͨ͠ GFI ΍ GMD ͸ΑΓಈ͖෦෼Λར༻͢
1 ର N ೝূͰ͸ɼ͋Δೖྗಛ௃ͱ N ਓͷొ࿥ಛ௃ͷর
ΔͨΊɼଞͷา༰ಛ௃ͱൺ΂ͯ଎౓ࠩʹΑΔਫ਼౓ͷ௿Լ
߹ͰಘΒΕͨ N ‫ݸ‬ͷ૬ҧ౓Λ‫ʹݩ‬ϥϯΩϯάΛ࡞੒͢Δɽ
཰͕େ͖͍ɽҰํɼਓ෺ͷ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ʹେ͖͘ґଘ͢Δ GEI ΍
͜ͷͱ͖ɼ૬ҧ౓͕௿͍΄ͲϥϯΩϯάͰ্ҐͱͳΔɽ࣍
FDF ͸ɼಈ͖ಛ௃ͱൺֱ͢Δͱਫ਼౓ͷ௿Լ͕‫ݶ‬ఆతͱͳͬ
ʹɼ࡞੒ͨ͠ϥϯΩϯά͔Β֤ϓϩʔϒʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔຊਓಉ
͍ͯΔɽ
࢜ͷॱҐΛௐ΂ɼͦͷॱҐʹର͢Δྦྷੵ෼෍Λྦྷੵࣝผਫ਼
5. ߟ࡯
౓ಛੑ (Cumulative matching characteristics, CMC) ‫ۂ‬ઢ
ͱͯ͠ࢉग़͢ΔɽCMC ‫ۂ‬ઢʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼྫ͑͹ɼ3 Ґʹର
༷ʑͳาߦঢ়‫گ‬Լʹ͓͚Δา༰ೝূख๏ͷੑೳධՁΛ
͢Δೝূ཰͕ 90%Ͱ͋Ε͹ɼຊਓಉ࢜ͷর߹ϖΞ͕ 3 ҐҎ
ߦͬͨ݁Ռɼর߹ख๏Ͱ͸ϢʔΫϦου‫ʹ཭ڑ‬ൺ΂ͯਖ਼४
಺ʹೖΔׂ߹͕ 90%Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏͜ͱΛҙຯ͍ͯ͠Δɽ
൑ผ෼ੳΛ༻͍Δ΋ͷͷํ͕ੑೳ͕ྑ͍͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨɽ
า༰ೝূͷ໨ඪͱͯ͠ɼॱҐ͕௿͍ͱ͖ͷೝূ཰͕ߴ͍
͜Ε͸ਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳʹΑΔΫϥεؒ෼ࢄΛ࠷େԽɼΫϥε
͜ͱ͕๬·͘͠ɼಛʹ 1 Ґೝূ཰͕ੑೳධՁʹ͓͍ͯྑ͘
಺෼ࢄΛ࠷খԽ͢Δۭؒͷߏங͕ཧ༝ͱͯ͠‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔɽ
༻͍ΒΕΔɽ
Ұํɼา༰ಛ௃ʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑ͯΈΔͱɼาߦঢ়‫ʹگ‬Αͬ
ͯਫ਼౓ͷେ͖ͳҧ͍͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨɽ͜͜Ͱ͸γϧΤοτʹ‫ج‬
4.3 ෰૷มԽʹ͓͚ΔੑೳධՁ
࠷ॳʹɼ෰૷มԽʹ͓͚Δา༰ೝূͷੑೳධՁΛߦ͏ɽ
ⓒ 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan
ͮ͘า༰ಛ௃Ͱ͋Δ GEI ͱಈ͖Λ໌ࣔతʹར༻ͨ͠า༰
ಛ௃Ͱ͋Δ GMD ΛྫʹऔΓ্͛ͯɼߟ࡯͢Δɽ
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৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
(a) 2 km/h vs. 4 km/h
(b) 2 km/h vs. 6 km/h
(a) 2 km/h vs. 4 km/h
(b) 2 km/h vs. 6 km/h
(c) 2 km/h vs. 8 km/h
(d) 2 km/h vs. 10 km/h
(c) 2 km/h vs. 8 km/h
(d) 2 km/h vs. 10 km/h
(e) 4 km/h vs. 6 km/h
(f) 4 km/h vs. 8 km/h
(e) 4 km/h vs. 6 km/h
(f) 4 km/h vs. 8 km/h
(g) 4 km/h vs. 10 km/h
(h) 6 km/h vs. 8 km/h
(g) 4 km/h vs. 10 km/h
(h) 6 km/h vs. 8 km/h
(i) 6 km/h vs. 10 km/h
(j) 8 km/h vs. 10 km/h
(i) 6 km/h vs. 10 km/h
(j) 8 km/h vs. 10 km/h
ਤ 5
଎౓มԽʹ͓͚Δ ROC ‫ۂ‬ઢʹΑΔੑೳධՁ
·ͣɼ෰૷มԽʹ͍ͭͯߟ࡯͢Δɽ෰૷͕มԽ͢Δ৔߹ɼ
ਤ 6 ଎౓มԽʹ͓͚Δ CMC ‫ۂ‬ઢʹΑΔੑೳධՁ
ͯ GEI Λ, ಈ͖Λ໌ࣔతʹར༻ͨ͠า༰ಛ௃ͱͯ͠ GMD
લड़ͷ௨Γɼਓ෺ͷγϧΤοτ‫ܗ‬ঢ়͕େ͖͘มԽ͢ΔͷͰ
Λ‫ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬΋ͷ͕ɼਤ 8(b)ɼ8(c)ɼ8(e)ɼ8(f) Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͨɽ
า༰ͷಈ͖ʹண໨͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽਤ 8(a)ɼਤ 8(d)
͜ΕΒͷը૾ؒͷࠩ෼Λ‫ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬΋ͷ͕ɼਤ 8(g)ɼ8(h) Ͱ
͸ಉҰਓ෺ʹΑΔҟͳΔ෰૷ͷาߦը૾Ͱ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒͷ
͋Δɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼGEIɼGMD ʹ͓͚Δ੩ࢭ෦෼Ͱ͸ 2 ಛ
าߦγʔέϯεʹ͍ͭͯγϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃ͱ͠
௃ؒʹେ͖ͳ͕ࠩ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔ͕ɼGMD ʹ͓͚Δಈ͖෦෼Ͱ
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Vol.2013-CVIM-187 No.10
2013/5/30
৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
(a) ౳Ձ‫ޡ‬Γ཰
ਤ 7
(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(b) 1 Ґೝূ཰
଎౓มԽʹ͓͚Δ౳Ձ‫ޡ‬Γ཰ͱ 1 Ґೝূ཰
(b)
(c)
(g)
(h)
ਤ 9 ଎౓มԽʹ͓͚Δา༰ಛ௃ͷҧ͍ɽ্ஈ: ೖྗಛ௃ɼதஈ: ొ
࿥ಛ௃ɼԼஈ: ೖྗಛ௃ͱొ࿥ಛ௃ͷࠩɽ্ஈɾதஈʹ͓͍ͯ
͸ɼࠨ͔Βɼ‫ݪ‬ը૾ɼGEIɼGMD Λද͢ɽ·ͨɼ(g)ɼ(h) ͸ɼ
ೖྗͱొ࿥ͷ GEI ͱ GFI ͷࠩΛද͢ɽ͜͜Ͱɼ੺͸ೖྗಛ
(d)
(e)
(f)
௃ͷΈʹଘࡏ͢Δ෦෼ɼ྘͸ొ࿥ಛ௃ͷΈʹଘࡏ͢Δ෦෼Λ
ද͠ɼͦΕͧΕൺֱର৅ͷา༰ಛ௃ྖҬΛද͢ɽͭ·Γɼ੺ɼ
΋͘͠͸྘Ͱද͞Ε͍ͯΔྖҬ͸ൺֱ͢Δର৅ͱͷࠩΛࣔ͢ɽ
‫ʹٯ‬ແ࠼৭ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔྖҬ͸ɼ૒ํͰಛ௃͕౳͍͠෦෼Ͱ
͋Δɽ
έϯεʹ͍ͭͯɼγϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃ͱͯ͠ GEI
Λɼಈ͖Λ໌ࣔతʹར༻ͨ͠า༰ಛ௃ͱͯ͠ GMD Λ‫ࢉܭ‬
(g)
ਤ 8
(h)
ͨ͠΋ͷ͕ɼਤ 9(b)ɼ9(c)ɼ9(e)ɼ9(f) Ͱ͋Δɽ·ͨɽ͜
෰૷มԽʹ͓͚Δา༰ಛ௃ͷҧ͍ɽ্ஈ: ೖྗಛ௃ɼதஈ: ొ
ΕΒͷը૾ؒͷࠩ෼Λ‫ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬΋ͷ͕ɼਤ 9(g)ɼ9(h) Ͱ͋
࿥ಛ௃ɼԼஈ: ೖྗಛ௃ͱొ࿥ಛ௃ͷࠩɽ্ஈɾதஈʹ͓͍ͯ
Δɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼGMD ʹ͓͚Δಈ͖෦෼Ͱ͸ 2 ಛ௃ؒʹେ
͸ɼࠨ͔Βɼ‫ݪ‬ը૾ɼGEIɼGMD Λද͢ɽ·ͨɼ(g)ɼ(h) ͸ɼ
͖ͳ͕ࠩ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔ͕ɼGEI ΍ GMD ʹ͓͚Δ੩ࢭ෦෼Ͱ͸
ೖྗͱొ࿥ͷ GEI ͱ GFI ͷࠩΛද͢ɽ͜͜Ͱɼ੺͸ೖྗಛ
͕ࠩখ͍͞ɽ͜ͷ݁Ռ͔Β଎౓มԽʹ͓͍ͯɼਓ෺ͷγϧ
௃ͷΈʹଘࡏ͢Δ෦෼ɼ྘͸ొ࿥ಛ௃ͷΈʹଘࡏ͢Δ෦෼Λ
ද͠ɼͦΕͧΕൺֱର৅ͷา༰ಛ௃ྖҬΛද͢ɽͭ·Γɼ੺ɼ
΋͘͠͸྘Ͱද͞Ε͍ͯΔྖҬ͸ൺֱ͢Δର৅ͱͷࠩΛࣔ͢ɽ
‫ʹٯ‬ແ࠼৭ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔྖҬ͸ɼ૒ํͰಛ௃͕౳͍͠෦෼Ͱ
͋Δɽ
Τοτ‫ܗ‬ঢ়ͷΈʹண໨ͨ͠ GEI ͕ GMD ʹൺ΂ͯྑ͍݁
Ռ͕ग़Δ͜ͱ͕༧ଌͰ͖Δɽ
Ҏ্͔ΒɼGEIɼGMDɼͦΕͧΕͷ௕ॴɼ୹ॴΛ֬ೝ͢
Δͱͱ΋ʹɼγϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃ͱಈ͖Λ໌ࣔత
ʹར༻ͨ͠า༰ಛ௃ͷॏཁੑΛ֬ೝͨ͠ɽ
͸͕ࠩ΄ͱΜͲ‫ݟ‬ΒΕͳ͍ɽ͜ͷ݁Ռ͔Β෰૷มԽʹ͓͍
ͯɼಈ͖෦෼ʹண໨ͨ͠ GMD ͕ GEI ʹൺ΂ͯྑ͍݁Ռ
͕ग़Δ͜ͱ͕༧ଌͰ͖Δɽ
࣍ʹɼ଎౓มԽʹ͍ͭͯߟ࡯͢Δɽ଎౓͕มԽ͢Δ৔߹ɼ
6. ͓ΘΓʹ
ຊ࿦จͰ͸ɼ༷ʑͳঢ়‫گ‬Լʹ͓͚Δา༰ೝূͷੑೳධՁ
ʹ͍ͭͯड़΂ͨɽ࠷ॳʹɼධՁʹ༻͍Δา༰ಛ௃ʹ͍ͭ
લड़ͷ௨Γɼา༰ͷಈ͖͕େ͖͘มԽ͢ΔͷͰਓ෺ͷ‫ܗ‬ঢ়
ͯɼγϧΤοτʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ಛ௃ɼϑϨʔϜؒࠩ෼ʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ಛ
ಛ௃ʹண໨͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋Δɽਤ 9(a)ɼ9(d) ͸ಉҰਓ
௃ɼΦϓςΟΧϧϑϩʔʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ಛ௃ͷࡾछྨʹ෼͚આ໌
෺ʹΑΔҟͳΔ଎౓ͷาߦը૾Ͱ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒͷาߦγʔ
ͨ͠ɽ࣍ʹɼর߹ख๏ͱͯ͠ɼϢʔΫϦου‫ͮ͘جʹ཭ڑ‬
ⓒ 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan
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Vol.2013-CVIM-187 No.10
2013/5/30
৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
র߹ख๏ɼਖ਼४൑ผ෼ੳΛ༻͍ͨর߹ख๏ʹ͍ͭͯઆ໌͠
ͨɽ࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼThe OU-ISIR Gait Database, The Treadmill
[12]
Dataset ʹΑΔ࣮‫ݧ‬Λߦ͍ɼ଎౓͕มԽ͢Δঢ়‫گ‬ɼ෰૷͕
มԽ͢Δঢ়‫ ͍͓ͯʹگ‬1 ର 1 ೝূɼ1 ର N ೝূͷੑೳධՁ
Λߦͬͨɽ݁Ռͱͯ͠ɼྫ͑͹ GEnIɼMGEI ΍ GMD ͕
෰૷͕มԽ͢Δঢ়‫͍͓ͯʹگ‬ਫ਼౓͕޲্͢Δ౳ɼ֤ঢ়‫ʹگ‬
[13]
͓͍ͯదͨ͠า༰ಛ௃Λબ୒͢Δ͜ͱ͕ɼา༰ೝূʹ͓͚
Δਫ਼౓޲্ʹͭͳ͕Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨɽ·ͨɼ୯७ʹಛ௃
[14]
ؒͷϢʔΫϦου‫͔཭ڑ‬Β૬ҧ౓Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔख๏ʹൺ΂ͯɼ
ਖ਼४൑ఆ෼ੳΛ༻͍֤ͯಛ௃ͷ‫཭ڑ‬Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔख๏͕ɼา༰
ೝূͷর߹ख๏ͱͯ͠ద͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔ͬͨɽ
[15]
ࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ՝୊ͱͯ͠ɼ(1) େ‫ن‬໛σʔλϕʔεʹର͢Δಈ
͖ʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬า༰ಛ௃ CHLACɼGMD ͷੑೳධՁɼ(2) ԰֎
Ͱͷา༰σʔλϕʔε (ྫ͑͹ɼHumanID Gait Database
[16] ͳͲ) ʹର͢ΔੑೳධՁɼ(3) ‫؍‬ଌํ޲΍าߦํ޲͕ม
Խ͢Δঢ়‫Ͱگ‬ͷੑೳධՁɼͷࡾ͕ͭ‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕΔɽ
[16]
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ँࣙ ຊ‫ڀݚ‬͸ JSPS ‫ج‬൫‫( ڀݚ‬S)21220003 ͷॿ੒Λड
͚ͨ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
ࢀߟจ‫ݙ‬
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