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Transcript
湧水湿地の 植生遷移の仕組みをさぐる： 立地する地形への着目
⸠䜿䝣䝎䞀䚭2006䠀4䠀21 •Ềᆀ䛴 ᳔⏍㐼⛛䛴⤄䜅䜘䛛䛖䜑䠌 ❟ᆀ䛟䜑ᆀᙟ䛾䛴╌┘ ྞཿᒁኬ⎌ሾᏕ◂✪⛁䠖1 ᐣ⏛ၤ ᆀ䟺Wetland䟻䛩䛬䛯䜙䛰ሔᡜ䠑 “Area of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which low tide does not exceed six meters” (Mitsch & Gosselink 1986) ⮤↓䛭䛈䜓䛌䛒ெᕝ䛭䛈䜓䛌䛒䟾 䛠䛩䛮⤾䛊䛬䛊䜎䛌䛒ୌⓏ䛭䛈䜓䛌䛒䟾 䟺₮䛝䛬䛊䜑Ề䛒䟻Ḿ䜄䛩䛬䛊䜎䛌䛒ິ䛊䛬䛊䜎䛌䛒䟾 ῈỀ䛭䛈䜓䛌䛒ᾇỀ䛭䛈䜓䛌䛒䟾 Ề䛒ୌ␊ᑛ䛰䛊䛮䛓䟾䛛䛒6m௧୕䛱䛰䜏䛰䛊䟾 䛣䜙䛰Ề䛴䛈䜑ሔᡜ䜘䚸ᆀ䚹䛮ゕ䛊䜄䛝䜍䛌䠀 ᩒ⌦䛴᪁䛴ୌౚ ᾇỀ ᖱ₪䛰䛯 ᆀ ῈỀ ୌⓏ Ề⏛䛰䛯 ᜇᖏⓏ ὮỀ 䛕Ề ἑᕖ䛰䛯 䛥䜇ờ䛰䛯 ḾỀ 䜁䛮䜙䛯Ề䛡䛠 䛙䜒䛒䛊䜕䜌䜑䚸ᆀ䚹䛑䛰䠑 䛙䜒䛑䜏䟾䛙䜒䜘䚸ᆀ䚹䛮ゕ䛊䜄䛟䠀 䚸ᆀ䚹䛮䚸ཋ䚹 䚸ᆀ䚹䠏ሔᡜ䛴ྞ๑ 䚸ཋ䚹䠏ᆀ䛱ᠺ❟䛟䜑ⲙᮇ᳔⏍䛴䜄䛮䜄䜐 䕵ᆀ䛴ᵋᠺ⛸䚭×ᆀ䛴ᵋᠺ⛸ 䕵ᆀ䛴ᆀᙟ䚭×ཋ䛴ᆀᙟ Ί䛢䜑䛰༱㝜䟵䟺ᏕၡⓏ䛱䟻 ᩅ⛁᭡䛱䛈䜑䚸ཋ䚹䛴オ㏑ 䛒ἶ⅛䛭ᇔ䜄䛩䛬䜌䛕㐛⛤䛭䛭䛓䜑䠀 䛣䛴㐛⛤䜘䟾䚸ᛮ㐼⛛䚹䛮䛊䛌䠀 㐼⛛䛴ṹ㝭䛱䛵䟾䚸㧏ᒒཋ䚹䚸୯㛣ཋ䚹 䚸ᒒཋ䚹䛒䛈䜑䠀 䚸ᆀ䚹䛮䚸ཋ䚹䛴୦㟻䛴ን ᛮ㐼⛛ ờᙟᠺ ἶ⅛✒㛜ጙ 䟺ᒒཋ䟻 ἶ⅛Ⓠ㐡 䟺㧏ᒒཋ䟻 ᯐ䠑 ◂✪䜘ጙ䜇䛥䛓䛩䛑䛗 ྞཿᒁ࿔㎰䛱䜈䛥䛕䛛䜙䛴ᆀ䛒䛈䜑䠀 䛣䛴ᆀ䛱䛵⛝ᑛ䛰᳔∸䛒ኣᩐ⏍⫩䠀 ᆀ䛭䛵䛯䜙䛯䜙᳔∸┞䛒⛛䜐ን䜕䛩䛬䛊 䜑䠀䛣䛴≁ᛮ䜘▩䜒䛶䟾ಕ㆜䛱ᙲ❟䛪䛑䜈䠀 䛭䜈䟾ᩅ⛁᭡䛱䛈䜑䚸ཋ䛴㐼⛛䚹䛮䛵䟾䛯䛌䜈 ᵕᏄ䛒ධ↓㐢䛌䛤…䠀 䛭䛵䟾䛊䛩䛣䛴䛙䛮ㄢ䛿䛬䜅䜑䛑䠀 ἶ⅛ᆀ䟺㧏ᒒཋ䟻 ᑹ℡ •Ềᆀ យ▩┬ἑᆀ᪁䛴䛈䜑ሔᡜ ἶ⅛ᆀ䟺㧏ᒒཋ䟻 •Ềᆀ ᏽ⩇ ㈃ᰜ㣬㞭Ề ᾨ㣬Ề ㈃ᰜ㣬•Ề 䛈䜐 ἶ⅛ 䛰䛝 ᐨ෫ᆀ䝿ᒜᆀ ฦᕱ Ὼᬦᆀ䝿ୢ㝘 ኬぞᶅ ぞᶅ 䛚䛕ᑚぞᶅ ㉫″ ᩫ㟻ᓻቪ䠑 䛴ᇔ✒ ◂✪┘Ⓩ •Ềᆀ䛴᳔⏍㐼⛛䛵䛯䛴䜎䛌䛱㐅䜆䛴䛦 䜓䛌䟾䛮䛊䛌㈻ၡ䛱➽䛎䜑䛙䛮䠀 ╌╉Ⅴ䠌䚸ᆀ䛴❟ᆀ䛟䜑ᆀᙟ䚹䛒㐼⛛䛱ኬ 䛓䛰ᙫ㡢䜘䛎䛬䛊䜑䛴䛭䛵䛰䛊䛑䠑 䛰䛢䚸ᆀᙟ䚹䛱╌┘䛝䛥䠑 䛙䜒䜄䛭䛱▩䜏䜒䛬䛊䜑䛙䛮 •Ềᆀ䛴❟ᆀᆀᙟ䛱䜎䛩䛬᳔⏍㒼ฦ䛒␏䛰䜑 㐼⛛ṹ㝭䛴␏䛰䜑⩄ⴘ䛒䝕䝇䝅䝳䞀䜳䜘䛰䛟 㐼⛛ṹ㝭䛴␏䛰䜑⩄ⴘ䛴ᠺ❟ᆀ䛴ᇼ✒∸䛴ཉ䛛䛒␏䛰䜑 䛮䛊䛌䛙䛮䛵䝿䝿䝿 ᆀᙟ䛒᳔⏍㐼⛛䛱ర䜏䛑䛴ᙫ㡢䜘䛎䛬䛊䛣䛌䛦䠀 •Ềᆀ䛴䚸ᆀᙟ⎌ሾ䛮䛣䛴ን䚹䛒 ᳔⏍㐼⛛䛱䛯䛴䜎䛌䛰ᙫ㡢䜘䛎䛬䛊䜑䛴䛑䠑 ◂✪ណ⩇䟺1䟻 •Ềᆀ䛴ᣚ䛪౮ೋ䛮䛵䠑 こᮇ䛴᳔∸⛸䛴ኣᵕᛮ䜘⥌ᣚ䛟䜑୕䛭㔔さ ᮶ᾇᆀ᪁䛴ᅖ᭯⛸䛴ኣ䛕䛵•Ềᆀ䛱⮤⏍ ᇱ♇Ⓩ䛰⏍ឺ≁㈻䛴ᢍᥩ䛒ᚪさ ◂✪䛴Ὦ䜒 •Ềᆀහ䛱䛐䛊䛬… 䠃䟻䟺හ㒂䛴䟻ᆀᙟ䝿ᇼ✒∸䛵䛯䛌ን䛟䜑䠑 䚭䚭䊰よ᪺䟵 P O H 䠄䟻䛯䛙䛱䛯䛴䜎䛌䛰᳔∸⩄ⴘ䛒ᠺ❟䛝䛬䛊䜑䠑 䚭䚭䛣䜒䛤䜒䛴᳔∸⩄ⴘ䛵䟾 䚭䚭㐼⛛⣌า୕䛴䛯䛙䛱న⨠䛫䛗䜏䜒䜑䠑 䚭䚭䊰よ᪺䟵 P E ST 䠅䟻䠃䛮䠄䜘ᑊᚺ䛛䛡䜑䛙䛮䛭䟾 䚭䚭ᆀᙟ⎌ሾ䛒᳔⏍㐼⛛䛱䛎䜑ᙫ㡢䜘⩻ᐳ 䚭䚭䊰㐼⛛䛴䝥䜯䝏䜾䝤よ᪺䟵䟵 P M JU 䚸❟ᆀ䛟䜑ᆀᙟ䚹䛴ฦ㢦 ୢ㝘䛴䝦䝋䝯 ㆺባᆵᆀ ᇱ┑ ㆺᗇᆵᆀ •ỀⅤ ᑊ㇗䛮䛝䛥•Ềᆀ យ▩┬こ㒂䛴12⟘ᡜ ᵾ㧏40-120m䟺1ᆀⅤ460m䟻 ㆺባᆵ Vs-1䡐Vs-5 ㆺᗇᆵ Vb-1䡐Vb-6 䛣䛴䛴ᆵ1⟘ᡜ ◂✪䛴Ὦ䜒 •Ềᆀහ䛱䛐䛊䛬… 䠃䟻䟺හ㒂䛴䟻ᆀᙟ䝿ᇼ✒∸䛵䛯䛌ን䛟䜑䠑 䚭䚭䊰よ᪺䟵 P O H 䠄䟻䛯䛙䛱䛯䛴䜎䛌䛰᳔∸⩄ⴘ䛒ᠺ❟䛝䛬䛊䜑䠑 䚭䚭䛣䜒䛤䜒䛴᳔∸⩄ⴘ䛵䟾 䚭䚭㐼⛛⣌า୕䛴䛯䛙䛱న⨠䛫䛗䜏䜒䜑䠑 䚭䚭䊰よ᪺䟵 P E ST 䠅䟻䠃䛮䠄䜘ᑊᚺ䛛䛡䜑䛙䛮䛭䟾 䚭䚭ᆀᙟ⎌ሾ䛒᳔⏍㐼⛛䛱䛎䜑ᙫ㡢䜘⩻ᐳ 䚭䚭䊰㐼⛛䛴䝥䜯䝏䜾䝤よ᪺䟵䟵 P M JU Step1䛴ㄢᰕ᪁Ἢ ᆀ࿔㎰䜘ᆀᙟฦ㢦 ᆀහ䛴Ề䛴Ὦິ䝿ᆀᙟ䛴ᴣさ䜘ᢍᥩ ᆀහ௴ណ䛴ሔᡜ䛱䝝䝯䝌䜘ス⨠ ᆀᙟ䛴ലᩫ ᆀ⾪㟻䛴ผป ᇼ✒∸䛴䛛 ᇼ✒∸䛴ᒒ┞ᒒᗆ ᢍᥩ ᆀ࿔㎰䛴ᆀᙟฦ㢦 ㆺባ䛴ୖ㒂䛱❟ᆀ ㆺᗇ㟻䛱❟ᆀ 䠠 ୕䠌ᩫ㟻ᆵ䟺ᆀVs-2䟻 ୖ䠌ㆺᗇᆵ䟺ᆀV䠴-2䟻 ᩫ㟻᪁ྡྷ ᕞ┷ 䕋ㆺባᆵ䟺Vs-2)䛴ᬊふ 䝿୕ୖ᪁ྡྷ䛴ലᩫ 䝿ᇱ┑䛴㟚ฝ 䝿⾪ὮỀ䛴Ꮛᅹ 䝿Ⅴᅹ䛟䜑ළᙟ䛴᚜㧏ᆀ䟺䝢䜪䝷䝍䟻 䝝䝯䝌న⨠ ୕┷ ୕┷ 䕋ㆺᗇᆵ䟺Vb-2䟻䛴ᬊふ ᕞ┷ 䝿ᆀᙟ㟻䛴ലᩫ䛵䜁䜂䛰䛝 䝿ᜇᖏỀ㊪䛒㈇㏳ 䝝䝯䝌న⨠ Ẓ㍉Ⓩཉ䛊ᇼ✒∸䠏䝢䜪䝷䝍 ᮅ ฦ よ ᳔ ∸ 㐿 మ ▹ ▹ 䝢䝇䜳䟺㯦ἶ䟻 ㆺባᆵ䟺Vs-2䟻䝝䝯䝌⦢᩷㟻 䛊ᇼ✒∸ ㆺᗇᆵ 䟺Vb-2䟻 䝝䝯䝌 ⦢᩷㟻 ཉ䛊ᇼ✒∸ 咤 咋 呷 唑 㯦 ἶ 唔 䛛䛴㐢䛌▹䛴ᒒ ฦཉ䛊䝢䝇䜳䛴ᒒ 䕋ㆺᗇᆵ䟺Ề䛱䜎䛩䛬㣤䟻 䕋ㆺባᆵ䟺⾪ὮỀ䛱䜎䜑ᾨ㣬䟻 䠃䚭Ề㊪䛒୕Ὦ䛑䜏ᅰ▹䜘㐘ᦑ 䠄䚭᳔∸㐿మ䛴Ίථ 䠅䚭㡨ḗ䝢䝇䜳䛴ᙟᠺ䝿ᇼ✒ 䠆䚭Ề㊪䛵䛱ᚺ䛞䛬⛛ິ 䠇䚭Ề㊪䛴ᯜῤ䛰䛯䛱䜎䜐ஜ⇩ 䠈䚭ஜ⇩䛵✔䜊䛑䛱㐅⾔ 䠃䚭⾪ὮỀ䛒ᅰ▹䝿᳔∸㐿మ䜘Ὦ 䠄䚭ᖲᆛᆀ䛱ᅰ▹➴㞗✒䟾䝢䜪䝷䝍ᙟᠺ 䠅䚭䠄䛱᳔∸⦶Ⱪ䟾䝢䝇䜳⏍ᠺ 䠆䚭䝢䜪䝷䝍௧አ䛵ᇼ✒㐅䜄䛠 䠇䚭⾪ὮỀᯜῤ䛱䜎䜐ஜ⇩ 䠈䚭ஜ⇩䛵᛬㏷䛱㐅⾔ 䝢䜪䝷䝍 ⾪ὮỀ 䝢䝇䜳 䝢䝇䜳 ᇱ┑ ᮅฦよ᳔∸㐿మ ▹ ▹ ◂✪䛴Ὦ䜒 •Ềᆀහ䛱䛐䛊䛬… 䠃䟻䟺හ㒂䛴䟻ᆀᙟ䝿ᇼ✒∸䛵䛯䛌ን䛟䜑䠑 䚭䚭䊰よ᪺䟵 P O H 䠄䟻䛯䛙䛱䛯䛴䜎䛌䛰᳔∸⩄ⴘ䛒ᠺ❟䛝䛬䛊䜑䠑 䚭䚭䛣䜒䛤䜒䛴᳔∸⩄ⴘ䛵䟾 䚭䚭㐼⛛⣌า୕䛴䛯䛙䛱న⨠䛫䛗䜏䜒䜑䠑 䚭䚭䊰よ᪺䟵 P E ST 䠅䟻䠃䛮䠄䜘ᑊᚺ䛛䛡䜑䛙䛮䛭䟾 䚭䚭ᆀᙟ⎌ሾ䛒᳔⏍㐼⛛䛱䛎䜑ᙫ㡢䜘⩻ᐳ 䚭䚭䊰㐼⛛䛴䝥䜯䝏䜾䝤よ᪺䟵䟵 P M JU Step2䛴ㄢᰕ᪁Ἢ 䝝䝯䝌හ䛱ฝ⌟䛝䛥⩄ⴘ䜘⛸⤄ᠺ䛱䜎䜐ฦ㢦 㐼⛛⣌า୕䛴న⨠䜘᥆ᏽ ฝ⌟䛟䜑న⨠䛮ᆀᙟ⎌ሾ䜘ᢍᥩ ධ䝝䝯䝌䛑䜏௧ୖ䛴⩄ⴘ䜘ヾㆉ 䜻䝱䜨䝐䝒䝖䜶⩄ⴘ 䜨䝌䜨䝐䝒䝖䜶⩄ⴘ 䜷䜨䝐䝒䝓䝎䝖䜶⩄ⴘ 䜻䝭䝃䝢䝟䜻䜳䜹⩄ⴘ 䝐䝢䜰䝨⩄ⴘ ᛮ䜵䝑䜺䜹⩄ⴘ ஜᛮ䜵䝑䜺䜹⩄ⴘ 䜨䝐䝈䜶⩄ⴘ 䜷䜻䝄⩄ⴘ 䜳䝱䝢䝈ᖺᮄᯐ ᳔⿍⋙Ίᠺ⩄ⴘ䟺6⩄䟻 ⛸⤄ᠺㄢᰕἪ䠏ᯗἪ ⥪䜽䝃䝷䝍ᩐ䠏97 ฦ㢦Ἢ䠏ฝ⌟⛸䛴ඁ༥ᗐ 䜘ንᩐ䛮䛝䛥UPGMA 㐼⛛䛴㐅⾔ᗐ䜘♟䛟ᣞᵾ 䜽䝃䝷䝍న⨠ᣞᩐ䠏 ኣን㔖よᯊ䜘⏕䛊䟾⛸⤄ᠺ㢦జᗐ䛱 䜎䛩䛬ᗆา 㐼⛛ᗐ䠏 ⤊㥺䛱䜎䛩䛬ష䜏䜒䛥ᩐᘟ䛱䜎䜑ゝ⟤ ᩐೋ䛒ኬ䛓䛊䜁䛌䛒㐼⛛䛒㐅⾔䛝䛬䛊䜑 ⩄ⴘ䛴ᖲᆍ㐼⛛ṹ㝭 㐼 ⛛ ᗐ 䜽䝃䝷䝍న⨠ᣞᩐ ᚃ༖ 咤 呬 咸 咏 ๑༖ Ề ㊪ 䊱㻹b-2 䊰㻹s-2 䝝䝯䝌䛱ぜ䜏䜒䛥᳔⏍䟺⩄ฦ㢦䛱ᇱ䛫䛕䟻 䕋ㆺባᆵ䠏 䚭䝢䜪䝷䝍䛭㐔䛕䟾䛣䛴䛭᪡䛊 䕋ㆺᗇᆵ䠏 䚭⦍㎰䛭㐔䛕䟾Ề㊪࿔㎰䛭᪡䛊 䕋୦⩽㛣䛴Ẓ㍉䠏 䚭ฝ⌟䛟䜑᳔⏍䛵ྜྷ䛞䛦䛒䚮 䚭㒼ฦ㟻✒䝿㒼⨠䝕䝃䝷䛱┞㐢 ◂✪䛴Ὦ䜒 •Ềᆀහ䛱䛐䛊䛬… 䠃䟻䟺හ㒂䛴䟻ᆀᙟ䝿ᇼ✒∸䛵䛯䛌ን䛟䜑䠑 䚭䚭䊰よ᪺䟵 P O H 䠄䟻䛯䛙䛱䛯䛴䜎䛌䛰᳔∸⩄ⴘ䛒ᠺ❟䛝䛬䛊䜑䠑 䚭䚭䛣䜒䛤䜒䛴᳔∸⩄ⴘ䛵䟾 䚭䚭㐼⛛⣌า୕䛴䛯䛙䛱న⨠䛫䛗䜏䜒䜑䠑 䚭䚭䊰よ᪺䟵 P E ST 䠅䟻䠃䛮䠄䜘ᑊᚺ䛛䛡䜑䛙䛮䛭䟾 䚭䚭ᆀᙟ⎌ሾ䛒᳔⏍㐼⛛䛱䛎䜑ᙫ㡢䜘⩻ᐳ 䚭䚭䊰㐼⛛䛴䝥䜯䝏䜾䝤よ᪺䟵䟵 P M JU ㆺባᆵ ᆀ䛴ᙟᠺ 䝢䜪䝷䝍௧አ 䝢䜪䝷䝍 ิ᳔∸ 䝣䝣䜯䜱䜴䜹㢦 䜽䜨䝭䝷 䝢䜪䝷䝍䛴ᙟᠺ ᳔⿍⋙䛴Ίᠺ⩄ⴘ 䝿䝣䝣䜯䜱䜴䜹 䝿䜻䝭䝃䝢䝟䜻䜳䜹 䟺䛙䜒௧๑䝢䜪䝷䝍䛰䛝䟻 䜻䝭䝃䝢䝟䜻䜳䜹⩄ⴘ 䜨䝐䝒䝓䝎䝖䜶㢦䛴⩄ⴘ 䝢䜪䝷䝍䛴Ⓠ㐡 ᶖᮄ䛴ථ 䝐䝢䜰䝨⩄ⴘ 䝥䝮䜵䝷䜯䝯䜯䝨 䝌䜪䜯䜨䜷䝦䜪䜿䝷䜸䜵 䜨䝐䝈䜶⩄ⴘ ⾪ὮỀ䛴΅ᑛ ᆀᛮ᳔∸⏍⫩㟻✒΅ᑛ 䜷䜻䝄⩄ⴘ ஜᛮ䜵䝑䜺䜹⩄ⴘ ⾪ὮỀᯜῤ ᶖᮄ䛴༜㉲ 䜦䜯䝢䝈ᯐ䝿䝖䜹䜯䜱ᯐ䛰䛯 ㆺᗇᆵ 䠑 ิ≟ឺ䛵᪺ Ề㊪࿔㎰ ⦍㎰ 䠑 䝢䝇䜳䛴ᇼ✒ 䜻䝭䝃䝢䝟䜻䜳䜹⩄ⴘ 䝐䝢䜰䝨⩄ⴘ Ề㊪䛴⛛ິ 䝢䝇䜳ཉ䛴ቌຊ 䚭䜨䝐䝈䜶⩄ⴘ䚭 Ề㊪䛴⦨ᑚ䟺ஜ⇩㛜ጙ䟻 ᶖᮄථ䛴㢟ⴥ ᛮ䜵䝑䜺䜹⩄ⴘ Ề㊪䛴ᾐ䝿䝢䝇䜳ฦよ ᶖᮄ䛴༜㉲ 䚭䚭䚭䜦䜯䝢䝈ᯐ䝿䝖䜹䜯䜱ᯐ䛰䛯䚭䚭䚭 ᪺䜏䛑䛱䛰䛩䛥䛙䛮 ᳔⏍䛴Ⓠ㐡 ᭯ᶭ∸䛴౩⤝ 㐼⛛䛴㐅⾔ ᭯ᶭⓏᅰ▹䛴ᇼ✒ ஜ⇩ ᆀහ䛴ᆀᙟን ᇼ✒ష⏕ ᆀ䛴❟ᆀ 䛟䜑ᆀᙟ Ề䛴ິ䛓䝿഼䛓 㐘ᦑ䝿ᾈ㣏ష⏕ ᭯ᶭ∸⏍⏐䛛䜒䛠 ᳔⏍Ⓠ㐡䛡䛠 ᅰ▹䝿᭯ᶭ∸䛴Ὦ䛝ཡ䜐 㐼⛛䛴ೳ ₮ ୌ⯙Ⓩ䛰᳔⏍㐼⛛䛴ິᅄ ⮤Ⓠ㐼⛛䟺ୌ⯙Ⓩ䛰㐼⛛䟻 Ⓠ㐼⛛䟺ᣉኬよ㔐䛴㐼⛛䟻 ᳔∸䛴⎌ሾᙟᠺష⏕䛱䜎䛩䛬䚮ᚃ䛴ṹ㝭䛴᳔∸ 䛴ථ䜘䛌䛰䛒䛟 ⩄ⴘ䜘ཱི䜐ᕬ䛕⎌ሾ䛒አ㒂さᅄ䛭ን䛝䛥䛮䛓䚮 䛣䛴⎌ሾ䛱㐲䛝䛥⩄ⴘ䛱ථ䜒᭨䜕䜑 ⩽ᢝୌⓏ䛰䜈䛴䛭䛵䛰䛊䟺⏛1977䟻 •Ềᆀ䛴㐼⛛䛴ິᅄ ⮤ⓆⓏ䛰䜈䛴 ᅰ▹ᤍᤂ䟺䝢䜪䝷䝍ᙟᠺ䟻 䚭䠏ὮỀ䛴ᙫ㡢䛰䛕䛰䜑 ᅰቫᙟᠺ ⿍㝔 ⓆⓏ䛰䜈䛴 •Ề΅ᑛ䛱䜎䜑ஜ⇩ ᅰ▹/ᅰቫ䛴Ὦථ䝿ᇼ✒ ᅰ▹/ᅰቫ䛴Ὦฝ Ề㊪䛴⛛ິ 䕹䛣䜒䛤䜒䛒々㞟䛱⤙䜅ྙ䛌 䕹䛙䜒䜏䛒┞Ⓩ䛱഼䛕ሔྙ䜈䛈䜑 䕹䛣䜒䛤䜒䛒㉫䛙䜑䚸ሔ䚹䛒␏䛰䜑 䕹䜄䛥䛵䚮䚸ሔ䚹䛒ን䛟䜑 •ฝỀ䛴䛥䜇᳔⏍䛴Ⓠ㐡䛒㣏䛊Ḿ䜇䜏䜒䜑 䠏㇇⏛ᕰぜ Ề㊪Ἒ䛊䛴䜅᳔⏍Ⓠ㐡䛒 㣏䛊Ḿ䜇䜏䜒䛬䛊䜑 䠏㇇ᶣᕰᒷᓧ䟺ⴲẗཋ䟻 Ề䛒Ὦ䜒䛰䛊䛮䛙䜓䛦䛗᳔⏍䛒Ⓠ㐡䚮ᑑᮮ䝢䜪䝷䝍䜈 䠏≗ᒜᕰඳ᭧ 㐼⛛䛴⩻䛎᪁䛱䛪䛊䛬 䟺⏝ᒜ2004䛱ຊ➱䟻 ✭㛣㍂䛵ᐁ䛵ኣḗඔ 䝌䝡䜻䞀䜳䜬䝷䜽 䜳䝱䝒䜻䞀䜳䜬䝷䜽 ᐁ㝷䛴㐼⛛⣌า 唑 ⏝ ᒜ 唗 唕 唕 唙 吻 ຊ ➱ 唔 •䚭䜳䝱䝒䜻䞀䜳䜬䝷䜽䠌㛣⣌า䟺ྜྷ䛞⎌ሾ䛭䜈䚮㛣䛴⤊㐛䛭ඁ༥⛸䛱ን䟻 •䚭䝌䝡䜻䞀䜳䜬䝷䜽䠌✭㛣⣌า䟺Ⓠ⏍䛑䜏ྜྷୌ㛣䜘⤊㐛䛴⩄ⴘ䜈⎌ሾ䛭ን䟻 䛙䛙䛭䚮㐼⛛䍫䜳䝱䝒䜻䞀䜳䜬䝷䜽䟺✭㛣䛴㒼า䜘䛣䛴䜄䜄㛣䛴㒼า䛱䛐䛓䛑䛎䜑䊰ᢀึ䟻 •䚭ᐁ㝷䛴㐼⛛⣌า䠌㛣䛴ን䛱䛪䜒䛬✭㛣㍂୕䛴న⨠䟺⎌ሾ໖㒼䟻䛒ን䠀 ㄚ㢗 㐼⛛䜘ㄇᑙ䛟䜑䛴さᅄ ᆀᇡ䛱䜎䜑ᕣ␏ 㜾Ề㔖䝿ẴῺ䛒␏䛰䜑䛮䛯䛌䛰䜑䠑 ᅖ᭯⛸䛒༥䜇䜑䝏䝇䝅䛱䛯䛴⛸䛒ථ䜑䠑 •Ề䛒䛰䛢ᯜῤ䛟䜑䛴䛑䟺ᆀ䛴ᑋ䟻 ↯ን䝿ᆀୖỀὮິ䛴ን䝿Ꮥ⎌ሾ䛴ንete ᯐⓆ㐡䛱䜎䜑ఴỀฦ΅ᑛ䠑 䛯䛴䜎䛌䛱⛸䛒ථ䛟䜑䛴䛑 䝥䝋䜧䜦䛵䠑䚭Ề䝿ິ∸䝿㢴…䠑 ⦶Ṣ⏍ឺᏕ䝿㐿ఎ⏍ឺᏕ䝿䝙䜫䝒䝱䜼䞀䛴ᠺᯕ䛾䛴ᙽ