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男性顔の魅力規定因の検討

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男性顔の魅力規定因の検討
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
ㄆ▱㻌 㻟㻭㻹㻜㻡㻣㻌
⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊつᐃᅉࡢ᳨ウ
̿ࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖ࡜ࠕዪࡽࡋࡉࠖ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚̿
‫ۑ‬㧗ᶫ ⩫
㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: 㨩ຊࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࠊࠕዪࡽࡋࡉࠖ
When does masculinity contribute to male facial attractiveness?
Midori Takahashi
(Graduate School of Tokyo University)
Key words: facial attractiveness, masculinity,femininity
ศࡔࡗࡓࠋ㉁ၥ㡯┠㸸ࠕ㨩ຊⓗࠖࠕዪᛶⓗࠖ㺀⏨ᛶⓗ㺁ࢆྵࡴ 8
┠ ⓗ
㡯┠(5 㡯┠ࡣሗ࿌ࢆ๭ឡ)࡛ࠊ10 ẁ㝵࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ෗┿ࡢ࿊
ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡟㢦ࡢ㨩ຊ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿせᅉࡣఱ࠿ࠊ
♧᪉ἲࡣ◊✲ 1 ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ1 ᯛࡢ㢦෗┿࡟ࡘࡁ඲࡚ࡢ༳㇟ホ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㐍໬ᚰ⌮ᏛⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ
ᐃ㡯┠ࢆᅇ⟅ࡍࡿᙧᘧࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࠋ෗┿ࡣࠊ1 ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ࡘࡁ 2
(Grammer et al., 2003; for a review)ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࣄࢺࡣ㓄അ⪅
ᯛ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᑐ㇟㸸ᮾᾏᆅ᪉ࡢ 1 ኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡀᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ
㑅ᢥ࡜࠸࠺㐺ᛂୖࡢㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ␗ᛶࡢ㢦࡟⾲ࢀࡿ
ࡓ㸹෗┿ࡢே≀࡜඲ࡃ㠃㆑ࡢ࡞࠸ዪᛶ 150 ྡ(18㹼36 ṓࠊᖹ
⦾Ṫຊࡢ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࢆ㨩ຊ࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ฟࡍࡿᚰⓗ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ
ᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 18.67 ṓࠊSD=1.54 ṓ)ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ⏨ᛶ 26 ྡ(18㹼24 ṓࠊ
ഛ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(⦾Ṫຊࡢ
ᖹᆒ 18.72 ṓࠊSD=1.28 ṓ)ࡶㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࡀࠊᮏㄽ࡛ࡣሗ
࣐࣮࣮࢝ࡀ㨩ຊつᐃᅉ)ࠋ௒᪥ࡲ࡛࡟ࠊୖࡢ௬ᐃࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ
࿌ࢆ๭ឡࡍࡿࠋศᯒ㸸ศᯒ࡟ࡣ SPSS Statistics.ver17 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㨩ຊつᐃᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ
⤖ ᯝ
(Fink & Penton-Voak, 2002)ࡶࡢࡢࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ㢦ࡢࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖ
ࡲࡎࠊྛ༳㇟ホᐃ㡯┠ࡢᇶᮏ⤫ィ㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ(Table1)ࠋ
࡜ࡋ࡚▱ぬࡉࢀࡿ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ≉ᚩ(e.g. ኱ࡁ࡞㢡࣭᙮ࡢ῝ࡉ㸹
Johnston, 2006)ࡣࠊ☜࠿࡟⦾Ṫຊࡢ࣐࣮࣮࡛࢝࠶ࡿ(Gangestad
㼀㼍 㼎㼘 㼑㻝䚷ྛ༳㇟ホᐃ㡯┠䛾ᇶᮏ⤫ィ㔞
et al., 2010)࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡼࡾࠕ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ
㡯┠
ᖹᆒᚓⅬ㻔㻿㻰 㻕
⏨ᛶࡢ㢦ࡀዪᛶ࠿ࡽᖖ࡟㨩ຊⓗ࡜ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
㨩ຊⓗ
㻟㻚㻠㻝㻔㻝㻚㻣㻝㻕
ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Rhodes, 2006)ࠋ
ዪᛶⓗ
㻟㻚㻡㻝㻔㻞㻚㻜㻝㻕
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊホ౯࡟ᐤ
⏨ᛶⓗ
㻡㻚㻥㻞㻔㻝㻚㻥㻣㻕
ḟ࡟ࠊྛ༳㇟ホᐃ㡯┠㛫ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ(Table2)ࠋ
୚ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢ㐍໬ྐࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊዪᛶࡣ㏻ᖖࠊࠕ⏨ࡽ
ࠕዪᛶⓗࠖࡣ༢⊂࡛㧗࠸㨩ຊホ౯࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊ
ࡋࡉࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚▱ぬࡉࢀࡿಶయ⮬㌟ࡢ⦾Ṫຊࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟ẚࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ
ࠕ⏨ᛶⓗࠖࡣ㨩ຊ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠕዪࡽࡋࡉࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ぬࡉࢀࡿࠊ⏨ᛶࡀ⮬㌟࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㛗ᮇᏳ
ࠕ⏨ᛶⓗࠖ࡜ࠕዪᛶⓗࠖࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡞ᙉ࠸㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵ
ᐃⓗ࡞࣌࢔࣭࣎ࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊᏊ⫱࡚࡟༠ຊⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ
ഴྥᛶࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ࠊ ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ25㸣⛬ᗘࠊ஫࠸ࡢኚᩘ࡛
ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ᡂศࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ2 ࡘࡢ༳㇟ࡢホ౯ࡣࠊ
ࡼࡾࠕ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡣࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ
࠿࡞ࡾ㔜࡞ࡾྜ࠺㒊ศࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀ⊂⮬ࡢᡂศࢆࡶ
ࠕዪࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ഴྥ(2 ࡘࡢ༳㇟ࡀࢺ࣮ࣞ
ࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࢻ࣭࢜ࣇࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ)ࡓࡵࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࡣ㨩ຊⓗ࡟༢⣧࡟
ࡣᐤ୚ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿ(e.g. Perrett et al., 1998)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
㼀㼍 㼎㼘 㼑㻞㻌༳㇟ホᐃ㡯┠䛾┦㛵㛵ಀ
㓄അ⪅㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸୍࡚㈏ࡋ࡚ࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖ࡟ẚࡋ࡚ࠕዪࡽࡋ
㡯┠
ዪᛶⓗ
⏨ᛶⓗ
ࡉࠖࡀඃඛࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊ⏨ᛶ࡜ዪᛶࡢ㢦ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
㨩ຊⓗ
㻚㻡㻜㻌㻖㻖
㻙㻚㻝㻠
㐍໬ⓗ࡟༑ศㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ዪᛶⓗ
㻙
㻌㻌㻌㻙㻚㻤㻣㻖㻖
ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ⏨ᛶ㢦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖ࡜ࠕዪ
㻖㻖㻌㼜 㻨㻚㻜㻝
᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ┠ⓗኚᩘࢆ㡯┠ࠕ㨩ຊⓗࠖࠊㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆࠕዪᛶⓗࠖ
ࡽࡋࡉࠖࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ༳㇟ࡣྠ୍ḟඖ(⏨ࡽࡋࡉ̿ዪࡽࡋࡉ)࡛ᢅ
ࠕ⏨ᛶⓗࠖ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ(ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࣡࢖ࢬἲࠊ
ࢃࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⊂⮬ࡢᡂศࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ᳨ウࡉࢀ
Table3)ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ
ࠕዪᛶⓗࠖࢆ⤫ィⓗ࡟⤫ไࡋࡓ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕ⏨
࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡋࠊ஧ࡘࡢ༳㇟ࢆ⊂❧࡟ᢅࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ(࠶ࡿ
ᛶⓗࠖࡀ㨩ຊ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ2 ࡘࡢኚ
⛬ᗘ㔜࡞ࡾྜ࠺㒊ศࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ)⊂⮬ࡢᡂศࢆࡶࡘ࡜ࡍ
ᩘࢆᢞධࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ㡯┠ࠕዪᛶⓗࠖ༢⊂ࡢ࡜ࡁࡼࡾ
ࢀࡤࠊ㨩ຊホ౯࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ2 ࡘࡢኚᩘࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ༢⊂࡛ண ࡶ㨩ຊ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄝ᫂ຊࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࠊ2 ࡘࡢኚᩘࢆඹ࡟ண ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢㄝ᫂
ຊࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ༳㇟ࡢ㨩ຊホ౯࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
㼀㼍 㼎㼘 㼑㻟㻌 㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ㻔┠ⓗኚᩘ䠖㡯┠䛂㨩ຊⓗ䛃㻕
㻞
㻞
ຠᯝࢆ⤫ィⓗ࡟⤫ไࡋࡓ㝿ࡢࠊྛ༳㇟ࡢ㨩ຊホ౯࡟ᑐࡍࡿண
ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ
䃑㻖
㻾
㻾 ኚ໬㔞
ຊࢆྫྷ࿡ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࡣᮏᙜ࡟⏨ᛶ㢦
䝰䝕䝹㻝
ዪᛶⓗ
㻚㻡㻜㻖㻖 㻚㻞㻡㻖㻖
㻙
ࡢ㨩ຊつᐃᅉ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊゝ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ
ዪᛶⓗ
㻝㻚㻡㻜㻖㻖
䝰䝕䝹㻞
㻚㻡㻢㻖㻖
㻚㻟㻠㻖㻖
ሙྜ࡟㨩ຊ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
⏨ᛶⓗ
㻝㻚㻝㻡㻖㻖
㻖㻖㻌㼜 㻨㻚㻜㻝
᪉ ἲ
⪃ ᐹ
่⃭㸸⏨ᛶ 32 ྡࡢ㢦෗┿(ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 22.84 ṓࠊSD=2.78 ṓ)ࢆ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡶࡋྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸ࠕዪࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ⏨
᧜ᙳࡋࠊ㢦㒊ศࡢࡳࢆࢺ࣑ࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊㄪᰝ࡟ࡣࣔࣀ
ᛶࡢ㢦࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡼࡾࠕ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ᪉
ࢡࣟࡢ㢦෗┿ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝ᪉ἲ㸸኱Ꮫࡢㅮ⩏୰࡟ࠊ㢦෗
ࡀ㨩ຊⓗ࡜ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࣄࢺࡢ
┿࡟ᑐࡍࡿ༳㇟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿㄪᰝ⚊࡟ಶู࡟ᅇ⟅ࡉࡏࡓࠋ
㢦(ࡺࡿࡸ࠿࡞ᛶⓗ஧ᆺ)ࡢ㐍໬ⓗ㉳※ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ
ᖹᆒᅇ⟅ᡤせ᫬㛫ࡣ⣙ 20 ศࠊ᭱ࡶᅇ⟅ࡢ㏿࠿ࡗࡓᅇ⟅⪅࡛
᪂ࡓ࡞Ὕᐹࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
࠾ࡼࡑ 7 ศࠊ᭱ࡶᅇ⟅࡟᫬㛫ࡢ࠿࠿ࡗࡓᅇ⟅⪅࡛࠾ࡼࡑ 25
̿ 711 ̿
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