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男性顔の魅力規定因の検討
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌 ㄆ▱㻌 㻟㻭㻹㻜㻡㻣㻌 ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊつᐃᅉࡢ᳨ウ ̿ࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࠕዪࡽࡋࡉࠖ╔┠ࡋ࡚̿ ۑ㧗ᶫ ⩫ 㸦ᮾிᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: 㨩ຊࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࠊࠕዪࡽࡋࡉࠖ When does masculinity contribute to male facial attractiveness? Midori Takahashi (Graduate School of Tokyo University) Key words: facial attractiveness, masculinity,femininity ศࡔࡗࡓࠋ㉁ၥ㡯┠㸸ࠕ㨩ຊⓗࠖࠕዪᛶⓗࠖ㺀⏨ᛶⓗ㺁ࢆྵࡴ 8 ┠ ⓗ 㡯┠(5 㡯┠ࡣሗ࿌ࢆឡ)࡛ࠊ10 ẁ㝵࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ┿ࡢ࿊ ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊᐤࡍࡿせᅉࡣఱࠊ ♧᪉ἲࡣ◊✲ 1 ྠᵝࠊ1 ᯛࡢ㢦┿ࡘࡁ࡚ࡢ༳㇟ホ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㐍ᚰ⌮ᏛⓗほⅬࡽ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ ᐃ㡯┠ࢆᅇ⟅ࡍࡿᙧᘧࢆࡗࡓࠋ┿ࡣࠊ1 ࣮࣌ࢪࡘࡁ 2 (Grammer et al., 2003; for a review)ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࣄࢺࡣ㓄അ⪅ ᯛ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᑐ㇟㸸ᮾᾏᆅ᪉ࡢ 1 ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡀᑐ㇟࡞ࡗ 㑅ᢥ࠸࠺㐺ᛂୖࡢㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴ⟇ࡋ࡚ࠊ␗ᛶࡢ㢦⾲ࢀࡿ ࡓ㸹┿ࡢே≀ࡃ㠃㆑ࡢ࡞࠸ዪᛶ 150 ྡ(18㹼36 ṓࠊᖹ ⦾Ṫຊࡢ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࢆ㨩ຊࡋ᳨࡚ฟࡍࡿᚰⓗ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ ᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 18.67 ṓࠊSD=1.54 ṓ)ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ⏨ᛶ 26 ྡ(18㹼24 ṓࠊ ഛ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(⦾Ṫຊࡢ ᖹᆒ 18.72 ṓࠊSD=1.28 ṓ)ࡶㄪᰝཧຍࡋࡓࡀࠊᮏㄽ࡛ࡣሗ ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࡀ㨩ຊつᐃᅉ)ࠋ᪥ࡲ࡛ࠊୖࡢ௬ᐃࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ ࿌ࢆឡࡍࡿࠋศᯒ㸸ศᯒࡣ SPSS Statistics.ver17 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ࡇࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㨩ຊつᐃᅉࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ ⤖ ᯝ (Fink & Penton-Voak, 2002)ࡶࡢࡢࠊ⏨ᛶࡢ㢦ࡢࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖ ࡲࡎࠊྛ༳㇟ホᐃ㡯┠ࡢᇶᮏ⤫ィ㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ(Table1)ࠋ ࡋ࡚▱ぬࡉࢀࡿ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ≉ᚩ(e.g. ࡁ࡞㢡࣭᙮ࡢ῝ࡉ㸹 Johnston, 2006)ࡣࠊ☜⦾Ṫຊࡢ࣐࣮࣮࡛࢝࠶ࡿ(Gangestad 㼀㼍 㼎㼘 㼑㻝䚷ྛ༳㇟ホᐃ㡯┠䛾ᇶᮏ⤫ィ㔞 et al., 2010)ࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࡼࡾࠕ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࢆ࠼ࡿ 㡯┠ ᖹᆒᚓⅬ㻔㻿㻰 㻕 ⏨ᛶࡢ㢦ࡀዪᛶࡽᖖ㨩ຊⓗホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ 㨩ຊⓗ 㻟㻚㻠㻝㻔㻝㻚㻣㻝㻕 ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Rhodes, 2006)ࠋ ዪᛶⓗ 㻟㻚㻡㻝㻔㻞㻚㻜㻝㻕 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊホ౯ᐤ ⏨ᛶⓗ 㻡㻚㻥㻞㻔㻝㻚㻥㻣㻕 ḟࠊྛ༳㇟ホᐃ㡯┠㛫ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ(Table2)ࠋ ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢ㐍ྐࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊዪᛶࡣ㏻ᖖࠊࠕ⏨ࡽ ࠕዪᛶⓗࠖࡣ༢⊂࡛㧗࠸㨩ຊホ౯ᐤࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊ ࡋࡉࠖࡼࡗ࡚▱ぬࡉࢀࡿಶయ⮬㌟ࡢ⦾Ṫຊࡢ㧗ࡉẚࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ ࠕ⏨ᛶⓗࠖࡣ㨩ຊࡢ㛫㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ ࠕዪࡽࡋࡉࠖࡋ࡚▱ぬࡉࢀࡿࠊ⏨ᛶࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ㛫㛗ᮇᏳ ࠕ⏨ᛶⓗࠖࠕዪᛶⓗࠖࡢ㛫ࡣ᭷ព࡞ᙉ࠸㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵ ᐃⓗ࡞࣭࣌࣎ࣥࢹࣥࢢࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊᏊ⫱࡚༠ຊⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ ഴྥᛶࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍⯡ࠊ ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ25㸣⛬ᗘࠊ࠸ࡢኚᩘ࡛ ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ᡂศࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ2 ࡘࡢ༳㇟ࡢホ౯ࡣࠊ ࡼࡾࠕ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࢆ࠼ࡿ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡣࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ ࡞ࡾ㔜࡞ࡾྜ࠺㒊ศࡣࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀ⊂⮬ࡢᡂศࢆࡶ ࠕዪࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ഴྥ(2 ࡘࡢ༳㇟ࡀࢺ࣮ࣞ ࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࢻ࣭࢜ࣇࡢ㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ)ࡓࡵࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࡣ㨩ຊⓗ༢⣧ ࡣᐤࡋ࡞࠸ࡉࢀࡿ(e.g. Perrett et al., 1998)ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ 㼀㼍 㼎㼘 㼑㻞㻌༳㇟ホᐃ㡯┠䛾┦㛵㛵ಀ 㓄അ⪅㑅ᢥ࠾࠸୍࡚㈏ࡋ࡚ࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖẚࡋ࡚ࠕዪࡽࡋ 㡯┠ ዪᛶⓗ ⏨ᛶⓗ ࡉࠖࡀඃඛࡉࢀࡓࡍࢀࡤࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶࡢ㢦ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࢆ 㨩ຊⓗ 㻚㻡㻜㻌㻖㻖 㻙㻚㻝㻠 㐍ⓗ༑ศㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ዪᛶⓗ 㻙 㻌㻌㻌㻙㻚㻤㻣㻖㻖 ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ⏨ᛶ㢦࠾࠸࡚ࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࠕዪ 㻖㻖㻌㼜 㻨㻚㻜㻝 ᭱ᚋࠊ┠ⓗኚᩘࢆ㡯┠ࠕ㨩ຊⓗࠖࠊㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆࠕዪᛶⓗࠖ ࡽࡋࡉࠖࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ༳㇟ࡣྠ୍ḟඖ(⏨ࡽࡋࡉ̿ዪࡽࡋࡉ)࡛ᢅ ࠕ⏨ᛶⓗࠖࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ(ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࣡ࢬἲࠊ ࢃࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⊂⮬ࡢᡂศࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ᳨ウࡉࢀ Table3)ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ ࠕዪᛶⓗࠖࢆ⤫ィⓗ⤫ไࡋࡓ㝿ࡣࠊ ࠕ⏨ ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡋࠊࡘࡢ༳㇟ࢆ⊂❧ᢅࡗࡓࡁࠊ(࠶ࡿ ᛶⓗࠖࡀ㨩ຊᐤࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡶࠊ2 ࡘࡢኚ ⛬ᗘ㔜࡞ࡾྜ࠺㒊ศࡣࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ)⊂⮬ࡢᡂศࢆࡶࡘࡍ ᩘࢆᢞධࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ㡯┠ࠕዪᛶⓗࠖ༢⊂ࡢࡁࡼࡾ ࢀࡤࠊ㨩ຊホ౯ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ2 ࡘࡢኚᩘࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ༢⊂࡛ண ࡶ㨩ຊᑐࡍࡿㄝ᫂ຊࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࠊ2 ࡘࡢኚᩘࢆඹண ⏝࠸ࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢㄝ᫂ ຊࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡶࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ༳㇟ࡢ㨩ຊホ౯ᑐࡍࡿ 㼀㼍 㼎㼘 㼑㻟㻌 㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ㻔┠ⓗኚᩘ䠖㡯┠䛂㨩ຊⓗ䛃㻕 㻞 㻞 ຠᯝࢆ⤫ィⓗ⤫ไࡋࡓ㝿ࡢࠊྛ༳㇟ࡢ㨩ຊホ౯ᑐࡍࡿண ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ 䃑㻖 㻾 㻾 ኚ㔞 ຊࢆྫྷࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࠕ⏨ࡽࡋࡉࠖࡣᮏᙜ⏨ᛶ㢦 䝰䝕䝹㻝 ዪᛶⓗ 㻚㻡㻜㻖㻖 㻚㻞㻡㻖㻖 㻙 ࡢ㨩ຊつᐃᅉゝ࠼ࡿ࠺ࠊゝ࠼ࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊ࠸࡞ࡿ ዪᛶⓗ 㻝㻚㻡㻜㻖㻖 䝰䝕䝹㻞 㻚㻡㻢㻖㻖 㻚㻟㻠㻖㻖 ሙྜ㨩ຊᐤࡍࡿࡢࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⏨ᛶⓗ 㻝㻚㻝㻡㻖㻖 㻖㻖㻌㼜 㻨㻚㻜㻝 ᪉ ἲ ⪃ ᐹ ่⃭㸸⏨ᛶ 32 ྡࡢ㢦┿(ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 22.84 ṓࠊSD=2.78 ṓ)ࢆ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡶࡋྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸ࠕዪࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࢆ࠼ࡿ⏨ ᙳࡋࠊ㢦㒊ศࡢࡳࢆࢺ࣑ࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊㄪᰝࡣࣔࣀ ᛶࡢ㢦࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡼࡾࠕ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ༳㇟ࢆ࠼ࡿ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ᪉ ࢡࣟࡢ㢦┿ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝ᪉ἲ㸸Ꮫࡢㅮ⩏୰ࠊ㢦 ࡀ㨩ຊⓗホ౯ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࣄࢺࡢ ┿ᑐࡍࡿ༳㇟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿㄪᰝ⚊ಶูᅇ⟅ࡉࡏࡓࠋ 㢦(ࡺࡿࡸ࡞ᛶⓗᆺ)ࡢ㐍ⓗ㉳※ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ ᖹᆒᅇ⟅ᡤせ㛫ࡣ⣙ 20 ศࠊ᭱ࡶᅇ⟅ࡢ㏿ࡗࡓᅇ⟅⪅࡛ ᪂ࡓ࡞Ὕᐹࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࠸࠼ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠾ࡼࡑ 7 ศࠊ᭱ࡶᅇ⟅㛫ࡢࡗࡓᅇ⟅⪅࡛࠾ࡼࡑ 25 ̿ 711 ̿