東アジアの共生社会構築のための 多極的教育研究プログラム

ⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦ITP㸧
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢඹ⏕♫఍ᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࡢ
ከᴟⓗᩍ⫱◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
➨஧ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὴ㐵⪅
➨୕ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὴ㐵⪅
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⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉࣭ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉
ᗎ
ࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹ⏕♫఍ࡢᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࡢከᴟⓗᩍ⫱◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹ⏕♫఍ࡢᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࡢከᴟⓗᩍ⫱◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣࠊ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே᪥ᮏ
Ꮫ⾡᣺⯆఍㸦JSPS㸧ࡢࠕᖹᡂ ᖺᗘⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢ࣭ࣉࣟ
ࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ㸦ITP㸧ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉࡜ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉ࡀඹྠ࡛ࠊ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ㸳ᖺ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ⌧௦ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿᨻ἞እ஺࣭ᩥ໬ࢆࡵࡄࡿㅖၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟ྥࡅ
࡚ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔┦஫ࡢᑐヰ࡜ඹ⏕ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࢢࣛࣥࢻࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆタィ࡛ࡁࡿⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࢆ
⫱ᡂࡍࡿྲྀ⤌࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿேᩥ⛉Ꮫ࡜♫఍⛉Ꮫࡢ㸰ࡘࡢࢹ࢕
ࢩࣉࣜࣥࡢ୰࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡢㅖศ㔝ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞
◊✲⬟ຊ࡜Ꮫ⾡ㄽᩥసᡂຊཬࡧእᅜㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲Ⓨ⾲⬟ຊࢆഛ࠼ࡓᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ά㌍࡛ࡁࡿே
ᮦࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋࡑࡢ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸯㸧ᆅᇦ◊✲㸦࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ࠊ⌧௦୰ᅜ◊✲ࠊ⌧௦㡑ᅜ◊✲㸧
㸰㸧ᨻ἞Ꮫ㸦୰ᅜᨻ἞ࠊ㡑ᅜᨻ἞ࠊྎ‴ᨻ἞ࠊእ஺ྐ㸧
㸱㸧ṔྐᏛ㸦ᮾὒྐࠊ᪥ᮏྐࠊ⨾⾡ྐ㸧
㸲㸧♫఍Ꮫ㸦♫఍ᵓ㐀ㄽࠊ♫఍ኚືㄽࠊᩥ໬♫఍Ꮫ㸧
㸳㸧ゝㄒᏛ࣭ᩥᏛ㸦ⱥㄒ࣭ⱥᩥᏛࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᩥᏛ㸧
ᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ┠ⓗ
⌧ᅾࡢ」㞧໬ࡍࡿୡ⏺ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡣࠊᅜᐙࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ␗ᩥ໬ࡢᾐ㏱ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶேࠎ
ࡢ┦஫⌮ゎ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡽ࡞࠸ᆅᇦࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔┦஫ࡢᑐヰࡸඹ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢢࣛࣥ
ࢻࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢᵓ⠏ࡣႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ㛗࠸Ṕྐࡢ୰࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓᮾ࢔ࢪ
࢔┦஫ࡢṔྐᩥ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ῝࠸⌮ゎ࡜ᗈỗ࡞▱㆑ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋேᩥᏛࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ゎࡸ
▱㆑ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿᏛၥศ㔝࡜ࡋ࡚⵳✚ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ♫఍⛉Ꮫࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ
⌮ゎࡸ▱㆑࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞♫఍ࢆᵓ᝿ࡍࡿศᯒᯟ⤌ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏࣉࣟࢢ
࣒ࣛࡣࠊ⚄ᡞ኱ᏛࡢேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉࡜ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࡜Ḣ⡿ࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔
◊✲ࡢ⵳✚ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡘࡘࠊᆅᇦ◊✲࣭Ṕྐᩥ໬◊✲࡜࠸࠺」ᩘࢹ࢕ࢩࣉࣜࣥෆࡢㅖศ㔝ࢆ
┦஫࡟ཧ↷ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞」ྜⓗࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᨻ἞࡜ᩥ໬ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ」㞧
࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᑐヰࡸඹ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢢࣛࣥࢻࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࢆ
㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ≉Ⰽ
ᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔┦஫ࡢᑐヰࡸඹ⏕ࡢࢢࣛࣥࢻࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࡿⱝᡭ◊✲
⪅ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡾࠊேᩥ⛉Ꮫ࣭♫఍⛉Ꮫࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ཮᪉ඹ࡟⌮ゎࡋࠊᨻ἞࡜ᩥ໬
ࡀ」㞧࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢㅖၥ㢟ࢆ᭷ຠ࡟ゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦ⫱ᡂࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡼ
࠺࡜ࡍࡿⅬ࡟≉Ⰽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏛၥ◊✲ࡣࠊᡓ๓࠿ࡽࡢṔྐ㈨ᩱᩥ⊩Ꮫ㸦ࠕᮾὒᏛࠖ㸧࡜ࠊᡓᚋ࡟ᆅ
ᇦ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ฟⓎࡋࡓࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ࠖࡀ୪⾜ࡍࡿᙧ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀࠊ᫬࡟ᑐ❧ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᨻ἞࡜ᩥ໬ࡀ」㞧࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢᏛၥ◊✲ࢆ┦஫
࡟ཧ↷ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㛵ࡍࡿேᩥ⛉Ꮫ࣭♫఍⛉Ꮫࡢᩍ⫱◊✲ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊṔྐ࡜⵳✚ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⚄ᡞ
኱ᏛࡢேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉࡜ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᇵࡗࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᮏ
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊᾏእࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ᶵ㛵࡜ඹྠ࡛ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩍ⫱◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ά㌍ࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞◊✲⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲⪅
ࢆ㍮ฟࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ
ᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢෆᐜ
ᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿὴ㐵⪅ࡢᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
‫࣒ࣛࢢࣟࣉ࢔ࢪ࢔ࠕۑ‬㸦㹼㸴᭶㸧ࠖ
ᾏእࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ᶵ㛵࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱㛗 ᪥㛫ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔◊ಟࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⌧ᆅ࡟⁐ࡅ㎸ࢇࡔཧ୚
ほᐹࠊ♫఍ᩥ໬ࡢ⤒㦂ⓗ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊேᩥ⛉Ꮫⱝࡋࡃࡣ♫఍⛉Ꮫࡢᯟ⤌ࢆᵓ᝿ࡍࡿࠋ࣏
ࢫࢻࢡ࣭ຓᩍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ᪥㛫ὴ㐵ࡋࠊ࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ⓗᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠸ࠊᣦᑟᩍဨ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⌧
ᆅᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
‫ࠕۑ‬Ḣ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦㹼㸴᭶㸧ࠖ
ᾏእࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ᶵ㛵࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱㛗 ᪥㛫ࡢḢ⡿◊ಟࢆ⾜࠸ࠊḢ⡿ࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ࡢ⵳
✚࡜ศᯒⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛᚓࡓᵓ᝿ࢆ෌᳨ウࡋࠊୡ
⏺ࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲࡟Ⓨಙ࡛ࡁࡿ⊂⮬ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᵓ᝿ࡍࡿࠋ
‫ࠕۑ‬༤ኈㄽᩥࡢ⌧ᆅㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿసᡂཬࡧᾏእฟ∧ࠖ
㸱ᖺ┠࡟༤ኈㄽᩥࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࠊᏛ఩ࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊᾏእ࡛ࡢฟ∧࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ༤ㄽ
ከゝㄒᇳ➹ᨭ᥼㒊఍ࡢᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࠊ➨㸰࣭➨㸱ゝㄒ∧ࡢసᡂࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
‫࣒࢔࢟ࣟࢥࠕۑ‬㸦㞟୰ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸧㛤ദ➼࡟ࡼࡿᅜ㝿◊✲௻⏬㐠Ⴀ⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࠊࢢࣛࣥࢻࢹ
ࢨ࢖ࣥࡢᵓ⠏ࠖ
௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿࢔ࢪ࢔Ꮫ఍㸦࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࢔ࢪ࢔Ꮫ఍㸸AAS㸧➼ࡢࢸ࣮࣐௻⏬ࡸࠊ࢜ࣝ࢞ࢼ࢖
ࢨ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢥࣟ࢟࢔࣒㛤ദ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᭱ඛ➃ࡢᅜ㝿◊✲ࢆ௻⏬㐠Ⴀࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㣴࠸ࠊ
᪂ࡓ࡞ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔♫఍ࡢࢢࣛࣥࢻࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ㸦 ᖺᗘ㸧ࡢ㛗ᮇ࣭▷ᮇὴ㐵ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇ᪋
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢࠕ➨ ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࠕ➨ ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ
ࡢ㛗ᮇ◊ಟࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ㸯㸧ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ⌧ᆅ࡛♫఍ㄪᰝࠊㄒᏛカ⦎ࠊᅜ㝿ඹྠ◊✲
➼ࡢ◊ಟࢆ✚ࡳࠊ⌧ᆅ࡟⁐ࡅ㎸ࢇࡔཧ୚ほᐹࡸ♫఍ᩥ໬ࡢ⤒㦂ⓗ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔Ꮫࡢ
᭱ඛ➃ࡢ⌮ㄽ◊✲ࢆᢸ࠼ࡿேᮦ㣴ᡂࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠕ➨ ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࢆᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ
ᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ㸰㸧ᾏእࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ᶵ㛵࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱㛗 ᪥㛫ࡢḢ⡿◊ಟࢆ⾜࠸ࠊḢ⡿ࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ
࢔◊✲ࡢ⵳✚࡜ศᯒⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛᚓࡓᵓ᝿ࢆ෌᳨
ウࡋࠊୡ⏺ࡢᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲࡟Ⓨಙ࡛ࡁࡿ⊂⮬ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᵓ᝿ࡍࡿࠕ➨ ᮇḢ⡿
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࢆᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛗ᮇὴ㐵ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢὴ㐵⪅࣭ὴ㐵ඛ኱Ꮫ࣭ὴ㐵ᮇ㛫࣭◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ
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ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦㛗ᮇὴ㐵⪅ࠊ➨㸱ᮇ㸰ྡࠊ➨㸲ᮇ㸰ྡ㸧
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̿ⓑඛຬࠊ⋤ⵚࠊ㧗⾜೺ࡢᑠㄝࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿
⡿ἑ❳ஓ
࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ ᖹᡂ ᖺ㸲᭶㸯᪥
኱Ꮫ
㹼 ᖺ㸵᭶㸯᪥
㡑ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍㐠ືࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ᨻ἞ࡢ┦஫㛵ಀ
᳿ ྫྷ
࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ኱Ꮫ
᪥㹼 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥
᪥ᮏㄒ࣭୰ᅜㄒ࣭㡑ᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒࡢ⾜ືᒎ㛤⾲⌧࡟㛵ࡍ
ࡿᑐ↷◊✲
ᯇᾆ ┿ᘪ
ᮍỴᐃ
ᮍỴᐃ
ほග㛤Ⓨホ౯ࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏
࡞࠾ࠊࡇࢀࡽࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࠕḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛗ᮇὴ㐵⪅ࡢὴ㐵ඛ࡟
ࡣࠊ࣏ࢫࢻࢡ࣭ຓᩍ㸰ྡࢆ㑅ᢤࡢ࠺࠼ὴ㐵ࡋࠊ▷ᮇ◊ಟࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㛗ᮇ◊ಟ⪅࡟ᑐ
ࡍࡿ࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ⓗᙺ๭ࢆᢸࢃࡏࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ▷ᮇὴ㐵ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢὴ㐵⪅࣭ὴ㐵ඛ኱Ꮫ࣭ὴ㐵ᮇ㛫࣭◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ
࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭Ḣ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦▷ᮇὴ㐵⪅㸧
Ặ ྡ
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Ꮫ
ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㹼 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥
ᾘ㈝ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓࠕඹྠᛶࠖ̿ྎ‴࡟࠾ࡅࡿኪᕷࡢ♫఍ⓗ
ㄆ㆑ࢆ஦౛࡟̿
㛗⃝⿱Ꮚ
ࢯ࢘ࣝ኱Ꮫ
ᰯ
ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥
㹼 ᭶ ᪥
ࢯ࢘ࣝ኱Ꮫዋ❶㛶࡜㡑ᅜᩥ໬㈈ࡢ㏉㑏஺΅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ
◊✲
ఀ㈡ ྖ
62$6
ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㹼 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥
࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࡢ᝟ሗ໬࡜᝟ሗ⤫ไ࡟㛵ࡍࡿẚ㍑◊✲
ᅄ᪉ ಇ⿱
࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥
኱Ꮫ
㹼 ᭶ ᪥
ྎ‴ࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡜⡿ᅜࡢྎ‴࡜⳹ൂ࣭⳹ேᨻ⟇࡟㛵ࡍ
ࡿ⪃ᐹ
➨ ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛ➨ ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὴ㐵⪅ᡂᯝሗ࿌఍ࡢ㛤ദ
➨ ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛ➨ ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⤊஢⪅㸦㛗ᮇὴ㐵⪅㸲ྡࠊ▷ᮇὴ㐵⪅
㸲ྡ㸧ࡢ◊ಟᡂᯝࢆᗈࡃෆእ࡟ሗ࿌ࡋウㄽࡍࡿሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ➨㸯ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛ➨㸰ᮇ
࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὴ㐵⪅ᡂᯝሗ࿌఍ࢆ ᖺ㸵᭶ ᪥࡟㛤ദࡋࡓࠋྠᡂᯝሗ࿌఍ࡢࣉࣟ
ࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᪥᫬ 2011 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 30 ᪥㸦ᅵ㸧13 ᫬ 00 ศ㹼
ሙᡤ ⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ ୍㝵 Ꮫ⏕࣮࣍ࣝ㸦࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸧
⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ ୍㝵 ᑠ࣮࣍ࣝ㸦Ḣ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸧
ሗ࿌⪅
࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦Ꮫ⏕࣮࣍ࣝ㸧
13 ᫬ 00 ศ㹼13 ᫬ 30 ศ ⏣୰ ๛㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
13 ᫬ 30 ศ㹼14 ᫬ 00 ศ ఫ⏣ဴ㑻㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
14 ᫬ 00 ศ㹼14 ᫬ 30 ศ ᯇᾆ┿ᘪ㸦ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ 2 ᖺ㸧
14 ᫬ 30 ศ㹼15 ᫬ 00 ศ ᳿
ྫྷ㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ 2 ᖺ㸧
Ḣ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦ᑠ࣮࣍ࣝ㸧
13 ᫬ 00 ศ㹼13 ᫬ 30 ศ ှ 㑥ᘯ㸦ᩥ໬Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈㄢ⛬㸧
13 ᫬ 30 ศ㹼14 ᫬ 00 ศ ᅄ᪉ಇ♸㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
14 ᫬ 00 ศ㹼14 ᫬ 30 ศ ᑠ➟ཎ῟㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ 3 ᖺ㸧
14 ᫬ 30 ศ㹼15 ᫬ 00 ศ ⡿ἑ❳ஓ㸦ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ 3 ᖺ㸧
ࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹ⏕♫఍ࡢᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࡢከᴟⓗᩍ⫱◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢヨࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᗈࡃ
Ꮫෆእࡢ⌮ゎࢆᚓࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟Ⅼࡸㄢ㢟ࢆᣦ᦬㡬ࡁࠊ௒ᚋࡢࣉ
ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㐠Ⴀ࡟⏕࠿ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ௨ୖࡢ➨ ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛ➨ ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ὴ㐵⪅ᡂᯝሗ࿌఍ࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊࡇࡇ࡟ࠕ➨ ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࣭ࣛ➨ ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛὴ㐵⪅ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩ࠖࢆ⦅㞟ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ
ࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹ⏕♫఍ࡢᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࡢከᴟⓗᩍ⫱◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ
ࡢヨࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟Ⅼࡸㄢ㢟ࢆࡈ
ᣦ᦬࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ௒ᚋࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㐠Ⴀ࡟⏕࠿ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ᥎㐍ጤဨ
఍࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡢ຾ࡿ႐ࡧࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
㹇㹒㹎᥎㐍ጤဨ఍ጤဨ㛗
㔩㇂ Ṋᚿ
┠ḟ
㻌
㸯㸧㝔⏕࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ሗ࿌
ITP ➨୕ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
᪥ᮏㄒ࡜୰ᅜㄒ࡜㡑ᅜㄒࡢ⾜Ⅽせồ⾲⌧ࡢᑐ↷◊✲yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
᳿ ྫྷ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸ᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫᰯ㸦㡑ᅜ㸧
ほග㛤Ⓨࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᙳ㡪ຊ ̿୰ᅜ㞼༡┬㯇Ụᕷࢆ஦౛࡟̿yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
ᯇᾆ ┿ᘪ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ㸦୰ᅜ㸧
ITP ➨஧ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
㡑ᅜᕷẸ㐠ືࡢṔྐⓗᒎ㛤yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
⡿ἑ ❳ஓ኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ኱Ꮫ㸦⡿ᅜ㸧
⯙㭯ࠊ㧗⾜೺ࡢᩥᏛ̿Ḣᕞࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛᚓࡓࡩࡓࡘࡢᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚̿yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
ᑠ➟ཎ῟㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸ᅜ❧ࣃࣜᨻ἞Ꮫ㝔㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸧
㸰㸧࣓ࣥࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿᣦᑟ㸭◊✲ሗ࿌
ITP ➨୕ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ேẸඹ࿴ᅜᘓᅜ๓ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣔࣥࢦࣝே▱㆑ேࡢ͇෌⦅͇̿㹼̿yyyyyyyyyy
⏣୰ ๛㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ㸦୰ᅜ㸧
㡑ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
ఫ⏣ ဴ㑻㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸ᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫᰯ㸦㡑ᅜ㸧
ITP ➨஧ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
867DLZDQUHODWLRQVLQWKHPLGVDQGWKH,QIOXHQFHRI7KLQN7DQN
ZLWKLQWKH3ROLF\PDNLQJyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
ᅄ᪉ ಇ♸㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ኱Ꮫ㸦⡿ᅜ㸧
‚ODUHFKHUFKHGHO̓RULJLQHGHO̓LPDJH+LVWRLUHVG̓LQYHQWLRQVG̓LPDJHV
HWOHXUmUHSURGXFWLELOLW«}FRQWHPSRUDLQHyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
ှ 㑥ᘯ㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉Ꮫ⾡᥎㐍◊✲ဨ㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸ᅜ❧ࣃࣜᨻ἞Ꮫ㝔㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸧
㸱㸧⥲ᣓ̿̿ሗ࿌࡟ࡼࡏ࡚
ࠕᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫᰯὴ㐵㝔⏕࣭࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌ࠖyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
㕥ᮌ ⩏࿴㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧
ࠕ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫὴ㐵㝔⏕࣭࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌ࠖyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
㥴Ἑ ㍤࿴㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧
⥴ᙧᗣ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧
ࠕᅜ❧ࣃࣜᨻ἞Ꮫ㝔ὴ㐵㝔⏕࣭࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌ࠖyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
℈⏣ 㯞▮㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉෸ᩍᤵ㸧
㛗㔝 㡰Ꮚ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧
ࠕ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ኱Ꮫὴ㐵㝔⏕࣭࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌ࠖyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
ᮌᮧᖿ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧
኱ὠ␃ཌ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧
㸯㸧㝔⏕࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ሗ࿌
ITP ➨୕ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
᪥ᮏㄒ࡜୰ᅜㄒ࡜㡑ᅜㄒࡢ⾜Ⅽせồ⾲⌧ࡢᑐ↷◊✲
᳿ ྫྷ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸ᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫᰯ㸦㡑ᅜ㸧
㡑ᅜᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫ࡟␃Ꮫࡍࡿ㛫࡟ࠊᡂᆒㄒᏛ㝔࡟㏻࠸ࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࢆ 3 ⣭⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ຮᙉࡋࡓࠋ
୰ᅜㄒ୰ᅜᩥᏛᏛ⛉࡛ᮔṇ஑ᩍᤵ࡟ᣦᑟࢆ㈷ࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒ◊✲ࡢ▱㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㡑
ᅜ࡛ຮᙉࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊ
ࠕ➨୍ே⛠࠿ࡽࡢᜠᜨ⾲⌧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪥㡑୰ᑐ↷◊✲ࠖࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊ
㡑ᅜ᪥ㄒ᪥ᩥᏛ఍ཱྀ࡛㢌Ⓨ⾲ࢆࡋࡓࠋࢯ࢘ࣝࡢ┿෤ࡀ㸫17 ᗘ࡟ୗࡀࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ⪏࠼࡟ࡃ࠸᫬
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ᡂᆒㄒᏛ㝔࠿ࡽࡳࡿ㡑ᅜࡢㄒᏛᩍ⫱
㡑ᅜㄒࡢᏛ⩦Ṕࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡲࡗࡓࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢ ITP ὴ㐵ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ὴ㐵๓࡜ὴ
㐵୰ࢆ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚࠾ࡼࡑ 1 ᖺ㛫ຮᙉࡋࡓࠋὴ㐵๓࡟ࠊேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉࡛㡑ᅜㄒࡢಶูᣦᑟࢆཷ
ࡅࡓࡾࠊᅜ㝿Ꮫ㒊ࡢ㡑ᅜㄒᤵᴗࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࡾࠊᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫࡢኟᮇ▷ᮇㄒᏛ◊ಟ㸦2010/8/2㹼
2010/8/20㸧࡟⾜ࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊධ㛛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡄࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ຮᙉࡋࡓࠋὴ㐵୰ࠊᡂᆒㄒᏛ㝔࡛෤Ꮫ
ᮇ 㸦 2010/12/20 㹼 2011/2/25 㸧 ࡜ ᫓ Ꮫ ᮇ 㸦 2011/3/21 㹼 2011/5/27 㸧 ࡟ ࢃ ࡓ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊ 3 ⣭
㸦Intermediate㸧ࡲ࡛ୖ㐩ࡋࡓࠋ
ᡂᆒㄒᏛ㝔ࡢ㡑ᅜㄒṇつㄢ⛬ࡣ㐌 5™4 ᫬㛫™10 㐌㛫ࡢᩥἲ఍ヰࢡࣛࢫࡀᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ
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ࢯ࢘ࣝᕷෆࡢぢᏛ᪑⾜ࡶ௻⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿiࠋᏛ㈝ 130 ୓࢛࢘ࣥ࠿࠿ࡿࡀࠊ஺᥮␃Ꮫ⏕࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛ච㝖ࡉࢀࡓࠋ኱Ꮫ௜ᒓㄒᏛ㝔࡟㡑ᅜㄒࢥ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫࡢ࡯࠿ࠊࢯ࢘ࣝ
኱ᏛࠊすỤ኱Ꮫࠊᘏୡ኱Ꮫࠊ᲍ⰼዪᏊ኱Ꮫ࡞࡝ᩘከࡃ࠶ࡿࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕࡟㛗ᮇᅾࣅࢨࢆ୚࠼ࠊ
ㄒᏛࢆຮᙉࡉࡏࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛࠸࠼ࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟௜ᒓ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡟ࡇࢇ࡞࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘ࡟ࠊᅾᏛࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕࡜࣌࢔ࢆ⤌ࢇ࡛⦎⩦ࡍࡿᶵ
఍ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋᡂᆒㄒᏛ㝔࡛ࡣࡑࢀࢆࠕࢺ࣑࢘ࣥࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣຮᙉࡢ㠃࡛
ࡶ⏕άࡢ㠃࡛ࡶᙺ❧ࡘࡋࠊ㡑ᅜ኱Ꮫ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣእᅜே࡜஺ὶ࡛ࡁࡿࢳࣕࣥࢫ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
␃Ꮫ⏕࡜㡑ᅜ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ୧᪉࠿ࡽᛂເࡀከ࠸ࡽࡋ࠸ࠋ஧ࡘ࡟ࠊᏛ⏕ドࡀⓎ⾜ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ኱
Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡸ㈨ᩱࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲┠ⓗ
࡛ᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ேࡶ࠸ࡿࡽࡋ࠸ࠋ
㡑ᅜㄒ⬟ຊヨ㦂㸦TOPIK㸧࡛ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜㄒ⬟ຊࣞ࣋ࣝࢆึ⣭㸦1㹼2 ⣭㸧ࠊ୰⣭㸦3㹼4 ⣭㸧ࠊ
1
㧗⣭㸦5㹼6 ⣭㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ศࡅ࡚࠶ࡿࠋㄒᏛ㝔ࡢࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡶࡑࢀ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࠊ1㹼6 ⣭ࡲ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ10 㐌㛫୍࡛ࡘࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ⤊࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏᙜ࡟ࣁ࣮ࢻ࡞ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗ
࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸༗๓୰࡟ຮᙉࡋ࡚ࠊ༗ᚋ࡟ᐟ㢟ࢆࡋ࡚ࠊኤ᪉࡟㡑ᅜேᏛ⏕࡜఍ࡗ
࡚ヰࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᚎࠎ࡟㐨ࢆ⪺ࡅࡓࡾࠊ㈙࠸≀ࡢ஺΅ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡾࠊ㡑
ᅜே࡜᪥ᖖࡢ఍ヰࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㡭ࡣࠊᮏᙜ࡟࠺ࢀࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ2 ⣭ࡢ࡜ࡁ
ࢡࣛࢫࡢ࡞࠿࡛ᡂ⦼ࡀⰋ࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࠊດຊ㈹ࡶࡶࡽ࠼ࡓࠋ3 ⣭࡟㐍ࢇ࡛࠿ࡽࠊࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ⮬ศ
࡛ࡶ㦫࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢࢮ࣑ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡉ࠼ 60㸣௨ୖศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
ࡁࡓࠋ
᪥ᮏㄒࡢศ࠿ࡿே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㡑ᅜㄒࡀ⩦࠸ࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊୡ⏺ྛᅜ࠿ࡽࡢࡍ
࡭࡚ࡢᏛ⏕࡟▷ᮇ㛫࡟ࡇࢇ࡞ከࡃࡢ▱㆑ࢆぬ࠼ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠊㄒᏛ㝔ࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲ
ࡶ኱ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠋᡂᆒㄒᏛ㝔ࡢᤵᴗ࡟ࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢᕤኵࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊᡂᆒ
ㄒᏛ㝔ࡣࠊ⊂⮬ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠗEasy to Learn Korean࠘
ࠗEasy to Speak Korean࠘ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࢆ
㛤ⓎࡋࡓࠋࠗEasy to Learn Korean࠘ࡣᩥἲ୰ᚰ࡛ࠊࠗEasy to Speak Korean࠘ࡣ఍ヰ୰ᚰ
࡛ࠊෆᐜࡀ஫࠸࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⏕ά࡟ᐦ᥋ࡋࡓሙ㠃ࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥἲࢡࣛࢫ࡜఍
ヰࢡࣛࢫࡣẖᅇ 2 ᫬㛫ࡎࡘࠊ2 ேࡢඛ⏕ࡀ஺௦ࡋ࡚ᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᩥἲࢡࣛࢫ࡛⩦ࡗࡓゝⴥ
ࢆࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸⩣㐌ࡢ఍ヰࢡࣛࢫ᫬㛫࡟ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ⩦࠺ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᚟⩦ຠᯝࢆᅗࢀ࡚ࠊ࠸
࠸ᚠ⎔࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠋᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ⦎⩦ࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ౛ᩥࠊ༢ㄒ࡜ᩥἲࡢ
ᛂ⏝⦎⩦ၥ㢟ࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊCommunicative Language Teaching, Task-based
Language Teaching ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᩍᤵἲࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋඛ⏕࡜Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣛ
ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀከࡃࠊᏛ⏕ྠኈࡢ࣌࢔࣮࣡ࢡࡲࡓࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮࣡ࢡࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟ከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ༢ㄒࢡ
࢖ࢬࢤ࣮࣒ࢆࡋࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡿࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࡾࠊࢻ࣐ࣛࢆ₇ࡌࡓࡾࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ␒⤌
ࢆసࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊ㐟ࡧ࡞ࡀࡽゝⴥࢆຮᙉࡋࡓࡢࡶ㠃ⓑ࠿ࡗࡓࠋヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡣㄞࡳ࣭᭩ࡁ࣭⪺
ࡁ࣭ヰࡋࡢ㓄Ⅼࢆࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃసࡽࢀࡓ࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠋㄒᙡࠊᩥἲࠊㄞゎ࡞࡝➹グၥ㢟ࡢ࡯࠿ࠊ
సᩥࠊࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࠊཱྀ㢌ヨ㦂ࡲ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ඲㠃ⓗ࡟ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ
ᮇࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡟ࠊㄒᏛ㝔ಟ஢ᘧࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊඃ⚽࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡀ⾲ᙲࡉࢀࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡢຮᙉࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋
ࢩࣙࣥࡢୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟┠ⓗࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊእᅜேࡢࡓࡵࡢ㡑ᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡟㡑ᅜࡢ኱Ꮫࡀ኱ኚຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀఛ࠼
ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕࡟ᑐࡍࡿእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ
➨஧እᅜㄒࡢ⛉┠ࡶ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ㧗ᰯࠊከࡃࡢ୰ᏛᰯᑠᏛᰯ࡟㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡣ➨
஧እᅜㄒࡢ࡞࠿୍࡛␒ேẼࡢࡼ࠺࡛ࠊ2009 ᖺᾏእ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡜
㧗➼Ꮫᰯࢆేࡏ࡚ࠊ2,825 ᶵ㛵࡛ 871,200 ேࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡿ๓
࡟ࡍ࡛࡟➨஧እᅜㄒࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡓᏛ⏕ࡸࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡗ࡚➨୕እᅜㄒࢆຮᙉࡋጞࡵ
ࡿᏛ⏕ࡸࠊᩘ࢝ᅜㄒ࡛ࡁࡿᏛ⏕ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㡑ᅜࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ㧗࠸ㄒᏛຊ࡟ᮏᙜ
࡟ឤᚰࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㦫࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ␃Ꮫ࡟⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿேࡢᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋJASSO ࡟ࡼ
ࡿ࡜ࠊ2010 ᖺ࡟኱ᏛᏛ㒊࣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ኱Ꮫ㝔ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜ㄒᏛ␃Ꮫࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ 251,887 ேࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕
ࢆᾏእ࡟㏦ࡾฟࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋእᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࡸ␃Ꮫࡢᨭ᥼⟇ࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᡂ
2
ᆒ㤋኱Ꮫ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕࢺ࣑࢘ࣥࠖ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛኱Ꮫ⏕ࡀ༢఩ࢆಟᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ไᗘࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊእᅜㄒ࡛ᤵᴗࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡀ඲Ꮫ࡛ᩘⓒಶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋㄒᏛ㝔ࡣⱥㄒࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࠊⱥㄒࣉ
ࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡞࡝ࡢᣦᑟࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖࡛ࣥ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿእᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࢥࣥࢸ
ࣥࢶࡶ඘ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋii
ᡂᆒㄒᏛ㝔ࡢ㡑ᅜㄒࢡࣛࢫ࡟ධࡿ๓࡟ࠊ᭱ึࡢ 2 ࠿᭶㛫ࡄࡽ࠸ Seoul Global Center ࡛㡑
ᅜㄒࢆ⩦ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࢯ࢘ࣝ࡟࠸ࡿእᅜேᒃఫ⪅㐩࡟࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ᨭ᥼ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ↓
ᩱ࡛ᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㡑ᅜㄒㅮᗙࡣ㐌 2 ᅇ™12 㐌ࡢࢥ࣮ࢫ࡛ࠊึ⣭࠿ࡽ㧗⣭ࡲ࡛ࡢࢡࣛࢫࡀ
࠶ࡾࠊࢯ࢘ࣝᕷෆ 8 ࠿ᡤ࠶ࡿ Village Center ࡛ཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡢຮᙉࡶ኱ኚ
ᙺ࡟❧ࡗࡓࠋ
Ẹ㛫࡜Ꮫᰯࡢࣁ࢖ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡞ㄒᏛᩍ⫱ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࠊࢯ࢘ࣝ࡜࠸࠺㒔ᕷࡣࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀ㐍
ࢇ࡛ࠊከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬ࡀᑛ㔜ࡉࢀඹᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࠊほගᆅ࡞࡝࡛ࡣࠊ
ከゝㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ⾲♧ࡀ⮳ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ぢ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣭᪂⪺࣭ࢸࣞࣅ࡟
࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊከゝㄒ࡛㡑ᅜ஦᝟࣭ᩥ໬ࢆ⤯࠼ࡎⓎಙࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗࠸ㄒᏛຊࡢேᮦࡀ࠸ࡿ
࠿ࡽࡇࡑ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࠸ࡲ࡝ࡁࡢ㡑ὶࣈ࣮࣒࡟ࡶ㡑ᅜࡢㄒᏛᩍ⫱ࡣ୍ᙺ㈙ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱
㡑ᅜࡢᙉࡳ࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊIT ᢏ⾡ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢඛ㐍ⓗ࡞ IT ᢏ⾡ࡀ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡟ࡶ
༑ศ࡟ά࠿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋឤᚰࡋࡓᢏ⾡ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ୍ࡘ࡟ࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࡢࢩ
ࢫࢸ࣒ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᦠᖏࢆᏛ⏕ド௦ࢃࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚౑࠼ࡓࡾࠊᮏࡢㄳồ␒ྕࢆᦠᖏ࡟㏦ࢀࡓࡾࠊ
ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࣍ࣥࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᅗ᭩㤋࡟࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡓࡾࠊ࡜࡚ࡶ౽฼ࠋࡲࡓࠊᏛ⾡ࢹ࣮
ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡶ㇏ᐩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
ࠕRISSࠖ࡜࠸࠺ DB ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜෆእࡢ⭾኱࡞ᩘࡢᏛ⾡ㄽ
ᩥࠊ◊✲ⴭ᭩ࡀ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖࡛ࣥぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ஧ࡘ࡟ࠊ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥᏛ⩦ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ E-learning ࢩ
ࢫࢸ࣒ࠋෆᐜࡣእᅜㄒࡸࣃࢯࢥࣥࡸᩘᏛ࡞࡝ᖜᗈࡃࠊ࡜࡚ࡶ඘ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୕ࡘ࡟ࠊᏛ⩦
⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ icampusiiiࠋᒚಟࡋࡓ⛉┠ࡢ୍ぴࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋᤵᴗ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ඲ဨࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁ
ࡿᥖ♧ᯈ࡟ࠊඛ⏕ࡀࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆබ㛤ࡋࡓࡾࠊᤵᴗࡢ▱ࡽࡏࢆࡋࡓࡾࠊᏛ⏕ࡀᐟ㢟ࢆ࢔
ࢵࣉ࣮ࣟࢻࡋࡓࡾࠊ㉁ၥࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᤵᴗࡀ simultaneous e+ course㸦ྠ
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ࠊ100% cyber course㸦ࢿࢵࢺᑓ⏝ㅮ⩏㸧ࠊopen course㸦බ㛤ㅮ⩏㸧ࡢሙྜࠊᩍ
ᐊ࡟⾜࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥࡢື⏬ࢆぢ࡚Ꮫ⩦࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊఱᅇ࡛ࡶ෌⏕࡛ࡁࠊ᚟
⩦࡟ࡶ౑࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥᤵᴗࡢᩘࡣᩘⓒ௳࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
␃Ꮫ୰࡟୰ᅜㄒ◊✲ࡢ᪉ἲ࡜▱㆑ࢆ⩦࠸ࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࠊᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫ୰ᅜㄒᏛ⛉ࡢᮔṇ஑
㸦PARK Jung-ku㸧ᩍᤵ࡟ᣦᑟࢆ㈷ࡗࡓࠋ⮬ศࡢ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ពぢࢆఛࡗࡓࡾࠊ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢࢮ
࣑࡜Ꮫ㒊ࡢㅮ⩏ࢆ⫈ㅮࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓࠋᮔඛ⏕ࡣࠊᏛ㒊ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ⮬ศࡢ⩻ヂⴭ᭩ࠗ⌧௦୰ᅜ
ㄒᐇ⏝ᩥἲ࠘ࢆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟౑ࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒᩥᆺࢆゎㄝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᤵᴗ୰ࠊ୍ே୍ேࡢᏛ
3
⏕࡟ண⩦ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᩥ❶ࢆ⩻ヂࡉࡏࡓࡾࠊᬯグࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋ኱ኚࡔࡀࠊᩥᵓᡂࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓ
࠺࠼࡛ᩥᆺࢆぬ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡜࡚ࡶᙺ❧ࡘࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ⩦࠸ጞࡵ
ࡿேࡶ࠸ࢀࡤࠊධᏛ๓࡟ࡍ࡛࡟ఱᖺ㛫ࡢᏛ⩦Ṕࡀ࠶ࡿேࡸ␃Ꮫࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࠶ࡿேࡶ࠸ࡿࡢ
࡛ࠊᤵᴗࡢ኱ኚࡉࡀேࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐪࠺ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡢࡶ࡜ࡢㄒᏛࣞ࣋ࣝࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࡢ
࡛ࠊ⮬↛࡟຾ࡕᢤࡁࡢࡼ࠺࡞⃭ࡋ࠸➇தឤࡀᩍᐊ୰࡟⁻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡓࠋᮔඛ⏕ࡢ
኱Ꮫ㝔ࢮ࣑ࡣࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬࡜ಟኈㄢ⛬ࡢ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ 20 ேࡄࡽ࠸ࡶ࠸ࡓࠋ୰࡟ࡣ୰ᅜ
ฟ㌟ࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡶᩘே࠸ࡓࠋ኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢࢮ࣑࡛ࡣࠊᮒᚨ⟉ⴭࠗᩥἲㅮ⩏࠘
ࠊ㉿ඖ௵ⴭࠗ୰ᅜヰㄒ
ἲ࠘ࠊ◊✲ㄽᩥ㞟࡞࡝୰ᅜㄒࡢཎᮏࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠋᏛ⏕඲ဨ࡟඲ᩥࢆ⩻ヂࡉࡏ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࠊᤵ
ᴗ୰୍ேࡢᏛ⏕࡟ࣞࢪ࣓ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⩻ヂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚୰ᅜ
ㄒࡢ⌮ゎຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊཧຍ⪅ࡢウㄽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ
࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ4 ᭶ 12 ᪥ࠊ19 ᪥ 2 ᅇ࡟ࢃࡓࡾ୰ᅜㄒ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࡢ฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍ
ࡿ≉ูㅮ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ໭ி኱Ꮫ୰ᅜㄒゝᏛ◊✲୰ᚰࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ CCLivࡢ
౑࠸᪉ࢆ⩦ࡗࡓࠋ⌧௦୰ᅜㄒࡲࡓࡣྂ௦୰ᅜㄒࡢ⏝౛ࢆ᪂⪺ࠊ㞧ㄅࠊᩥᏛసရࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊ
ᫎ⏬࡞࡝࠿ࡽ᳨⣴࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲࡟ά⏝ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠋ
㡑ᅜࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊಟኈㄢ⛬࡞ࡽ 24 ༢఩ࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬࡞ࡽ 36 ༢఩ࢆᒚಟࡋࡓ࠶࡜ࠊ
ヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅ࡚ึࡵ࡚Ꮫ఩ㄽᩥ࡟ྲྀࡾ࠿࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡑ࠺ࡔࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡼࡾᅾᏛ
ᖺᩘࡀ㛗ࡃせồࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒᏛ⛉ࡢ㛤ㅮ⛉┠ࡣࠊᏛ㒊ྥࡅ࡟ᇶ♏୰ᅜㄒࠊ
఍ヰࠊసᩥࠊⓎ㡢ࠊ⩻ヂ୰ᅜㄒᏛࠊ୰ᅜᩥ໬⌮ゎࠊᫎീ୰ᅜㄒࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫ୰ᅜㄒࠊ᫬஦୰
ᅜㄒࠊྡリ㚷㈹ࠊ୰ᅜㄒᩍ⫱ㄽ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ୍⯡኱Ꮫ㝔ྥࡅ࡟୰ᅜㄒᏛྐࠊ୰ᅜㄒᩥἲࠊ
ᩥᏐᏛࠊ୰ᅜᩥᏛྐࠊ୰ᅜ₇๻◊✲࡞࡝ࠊᩍ⫱኱Ꮫ㝔ࡴࡅ࡟୰ᅜ⌧௦ᩥᏛㅮㄞࠊ୰ᅜྂᩥ
ㅮㄞࠊ୰ᅜྂ௦ᩥᏛᴫほ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ࡟┤᥋㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ൲ᩍ
⢭⚄ࢆᘓᏛ⌮ᛕ࡜ࡍࡿᡂᆒ㤋኱ᏛY࡛ࡣࠊ൲Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢఏ⤫ࡀ⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ₎ᩥ࣭₎⡠࡟
㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡀ㝿❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ൲Ꮫ࣭ᮾὒᏛ㒊ࡉ࠼࠶ࡿࠋᅜ㝿໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ୍᪉ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢఏ
⤫ࢆཷࡅ⥆ࡅࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀᡂᆒ㤋኱Ꮫ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ㨩ຊ࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ
᪥ᮏㄒ࣭㡑ᅜㄒ࣭୰ᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒࢆᑐ↷ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ
ಟኈㄽᩥࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠕ౫㢗⾲⌧ࡢ᪥୰ᑐ↷◊✲ࠖࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ◊✲࡟ᑐ↷࡜࠸࠺◊
✲ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ
ࠕእᅜㄒࢆ㙾࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊẕㄒヰ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠗ࠶ࡓࡾࡲ࠼࠘
ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀࡽࢆࠗ≉ᚩ࠘࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡞࠾ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖviࠋࡑࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊẕㄒࡸ᪤⩦ゝㄒ
࡜ᑐ↷ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸ゝⴥࢆ⩦࠺᪉ἲࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟᭷ຠⓗ࡞⩦ᚓἲ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝ
ㄒࡀከࡅࢀࡤከ࠸࡯࡝ᑐ↷࡛ࡁࡿゝㄒࡢࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛࣥࢻࡀᗈࡀࡿࢃࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ゝㄒ
ࡀࡼࡾ⩦ᚓࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࢆ⩦࠺㝿ࠊࡎࡗ࡜ẕㄒࡢ୰ᅜㄒࠊ᪤⩦
ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࡜ᑐ↷ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽຮᙉࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ 1 ᖺ㏆ࡃࠊࢮ
ࣟ࠿ࡽ㡑ᅜㄒࢆຮᙉࡋࡓ⤒㦂࠿ࡽࠊ㡑ᅜㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ⮬ศ࡞ࡾ࡟ḟࡢࡼ࠺
4
࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ࡳࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࣭୰ᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ᪂ࡓ࡞Ⓨぢࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
1444 ᖺ࡟ࠊࣁࣥࢢࣝࡣୡ᐀኱⋤࡜኱⮧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡓviiࠋࣁࣥࢢࣝᩥᏐࡣᏊ㡢+ ẕ㡢ࠊ
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᏊ㡢 + ẕ㡢 + Ꮚ㡢࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡲࡎẕ㡢Ꮠẕ࡜Ꮚ㡢Ꮠẕࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑ
ࢀ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣁࣥࢢࣝᩥᏐࢆ࡞ࡍࠋ᭱ᑠ༢఩ࡀᏐẕ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡣࠊ࢔ࣝࣇ
࢓࣋ࢵࢺ࡟㏆࠸ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻviiiࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ศ࠿ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟ࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝୍ࡘࡢࣁࣥࢢࣝᏐẕࡀ୍ࡘࡢⱥᩥᏐ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ᭱ᑠ༢఩ࡣ
௬ྡ࡛ࠊ௬ྡࡣẕ㡢࡜Ꮚ㡢ࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓᙧ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
࠙౛ࠚ
䞲ῃୄ豈ᅜ୅˧යRරRචୄ豈୅G ඝR෈Rඝୄᅜ୅G
᪥ᮏЍ࡟㸦᪥㸧㸩࡯ࢇ㸦ᮏ㸧
⾲㡢ᩥᏐ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࣁࣥࢢࣝࡢᏐẕࡀ㇟ᙧᩥᏐࡢ≉ᚩࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏊ㡢ᏐẕࡀⓎ㡢ࡍࡿ
࡜ࡁࡢཱྀࡢᙧࢆࠊẕ㡢Ꮠẕࡀࠕኳ࣭ᆅ࣭ேࠖࢆ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚సࡽࢀࡓ࡜ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࢧ࣒ࢯࣥ
ࡢᦠᖏࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻࡀࠕኳᆅேᘧࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿixࠋ
࠙౛ࠚ
ඝ[k/ܳ]͐⯉
ච[n]͐⯉
ත[m]ཱྀ͐
න[s/‫͐]ܨ‬ṑ
ඳ[ƾ]͐ႃ
ර͐ාୄ蝸୅େୄ詏୅G
ස͐ාୄ蝸୅େ෍ୄ襽୅G
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣁࣥࢢࣝࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡓᚋࡶࠊ㛗࠸㛫බⓗᩥ᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ₎Ꮠࡔࡅࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ₎Ꮠ
࡜ࣁࣥࢢࣝࢆ஺ࡐ࡚౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ1970 ᖺ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓ₎ᏐᗫṆᨻ⟇࡜ࣁࣥࢢࣝࡢ౽฼
ࡉ࡜ࡀ┦ࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡣࣁࣥࢢࣝࡢࡳ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㡑ᅜෆ
࡛₎Ꮠࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃ࡣࠊ㐨㊰ᶆ㆑ࡸබඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡞࡝࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜྡࡢ₎Ꮠ
␎⛠ࠊ᪂⪺ࡢぢฟࡋᩥᏐࠊࠕ኱ࠖ࡞࡝≉ᐃᩥᏐࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓ࠸ሙྜࠊ௖ᩍ㛵ಀࠊෙ፧ⴿ⚍࡞࡝
࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿxࠋ୍᪉ࠊⱝ࠸ୡ௦ࡀ₎Ꮠࢆ᭩ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᩥᏐ⾲グᨻ⟇ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜෆ࡛㛗ᖺᦂࡽ࠸࡛࠸ࡿ㞴㢟ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㡑ᅜㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₎Ꮠ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₎Ꮠࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᨵࡵ࡚⪃࠼ࡉ
ࡏࡽࢀࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡣ₎Ꮠ࡜௬ྡ࡛⾲グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ㸯ࡘࡢ₎Ꮠ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㡢ㄞ
ࡳ࡜カㄞࡳࡢᗄ㏻ࡾࡢⓎ㡢ࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ᣺ࡾ௬ྡࢆࡘࡅ࡞࠸࡜ṇࡋ࠸ㄞࡳ᪉ࡀศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ሙ
ྜࡉ࠼࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊ௬ྡࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏㄒࡢព࿡␯㏻ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᑠᏛ⏕ࡸእᅜேྥ
ࡅࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࡲࡉ࡟௬ྡࡔࡅ࡛᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋ₎Ꮠࡣࡴࡋࢁᙧࡢព࿡ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋྠࡌ₎Ꮠᅪࡢ୰ᅜㄒ࣭᪥ᮏㄒ࣭㡑ᅜㄒࢆẚ࡭࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ₎Ꮠࡀ၏୍ࡢ⾲グἲ࡛ࠊ⾲㡢⾲ពࡢᙺ๭ࡀྠ➼ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㡑ᅜㄒ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙧ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ㸴๭ࡢ༢ㄒࡀ₎Ꮠㄒ࡜࠸࠺࡯࡝ࠊព࿡ࡢୖ࡛ࡣ₎Ꮠࢆ
5
࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ⫼ᬒⓗ࡟ᙉ࠸Ꮡᅾឤࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⾲
㡢ࡢᙺ๭ࡀ௬ྡ࡟ศᢸࡉࢀࡓࡪࢇࠊ୺࡟⾲ពࡢᙺ๭ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ
㡑ᅜㄒࡣࣁࣥࢢ࡛ࣝ⾲グࡉࢀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ₎Ꮠࡢカㄞࡳ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞ࡃࠊㄞࡳ᪉ࡀ
㡢ㄞࡳ୍㏻ࡾࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᐇ㝿࠿࡞ࡾࡢྠ㡢␗⩏ㄒࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ₎Ꮠࢆ౑ࢃ࡞࠸
ศࠊ๓ᚋࡢᩥ⬦࠿ࡽุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㡢ㄞࡳ୍㏻ࡾࡋ࠿࡞࠸࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ
㡢⠇࡜㡢⠇ࢆࡃࡗࡘࡅࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟Ⓨ㡢ኚ໬ࡢἲ๎ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ࡢ㞴㛵࡜࡞
ࡿࠋᩥᏐࡢࡲࡲㄞࡴ࡜ఏࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡋࠊ⪺࠸ࡓⓎ㡢ࡀᐇ㝿ࡢ⾲グ࡜ᚲࡎࡋࡶᑐᛂࡋ࡚
࠸࡞࠸ࠋ≀஦ࡀ୍฼୍ᐖ࡜ࡼࡃ࠸࠺ࡀࠊゝⴥࡶỴࡋ࡚౛እ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
࠙౛ࠚ
Ṧ㌂䞿┞┺㸦ឤㅰࡋࡲࡍ㸧>࣒࢝ࢧࣁࣉࢽࢲЍ࣒࢝ࢧࣁ࣒ࢽࢲ@
↘㧊G 㡞㊮┺㸦ⰼࡀࡁࢀ࠸㸧‚ࢦࢵ࢖࢖࢙ࣉࢲЍࢦࢳ࢖࢙ࣉࢲ„G
Ⓨ㡢ኚ໬ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡣ㡢⠇ᮎ࡟᮶ࡿᏊ㡢ࣃࢵࢳ࣒㸦ᨭ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡㸧࡟࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢⓎ㡢ኚ໬㸦⃮㡢ࠊಁ㡢࡞࡝㸧ࡣࡍ࡛࡟ᩥᏐ⾲グ࡛⾲ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋㄞࡴ࡜ࡁࡢኚ๎ࡣຓモࠕࡣ[wa]ࠖࠕ࡬[e]ࠖࡋ࠿⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
㡑ᅜㄒࡢᩥἲࡣ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡼࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊGoogle ࡢ㡑ᅜㄒя᪥ᮏㄒ⩻
ヂࢶ࣮ࣝࢆ౑ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࡣ࡯࠿ࡢゝㄒ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࡣࡿ࠿࡟࠸࠸ࠋ⚾ࡢᏛ⩦⤒㦂࡛ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ
ᩥࢆ㡑ᅜㄒࡢ༢ㄒ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࢀࡤࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ព࿡ࡀ㏻ࡌࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ྠ
ࡌࡃ⢓╔ㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊSOVࠊࠕಟ㣭ㄒ㸩⿕ಟ㣭ㄒࠖࡢㄒ㡰ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊㄒᖿ࡜ㄒᑿࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࢸࣥࢫࠊ࢔ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࠊࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕ࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ㄒᑿά
⏝ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠࡌࡃ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖ㄒ᪘࡟ᒓࡍࡿ࠿ࡣࡲࡔᐃㄝࡀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࡼ
ࡾࡶ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖ㄒ࡟ᒓࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㡑ᅜㄒࢆ⩦࠺࡜ࡁࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㠃ⓑ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠋ
㡑ᅜㄒࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ᩥ⠇࡛༊ษࡗ࡚ࠊ1 ᩥᏐศࡢࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆ✵ࡅ࡚᭩ࡃࠋࣁࣥࢢࣝࡢࡳࡢ⾲
グ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆ✵ࡅ࡞࠸࡜ព࿡⌮ゎࡢ᭕᫕ࡉࢆᣍࡃ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㡑ᅜㄒࡢຓモ࣭ຓືモࡣ๓ࡢ⿕ಟ㣭ㄒࡢㄒᑿ࡟ࣃࢵࢳ࣒࠶ࡿ࠿࡞࠸࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚஧㏻ࡾ࠶
ࡿࠋ
࠙౛ࠚ
㧊/Ṗ㸦୺ㄒ㸧
㦚/⯒㸦┠ⓗㄒ㸧
㦒⪲/⪲㸦᪉ᘧ㸧
㦒Ⳋ/Ⳋ㸦᮲௳㸧
ᩗㄒ࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿᚅ㐝⾲⌧ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟Ⓨ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕࡔ࣭࡛࠶ࡿࠖㄪࠊ
ࠕ࡛ࡍ࣭
ࡲࡍࠖㄪࡢ 2 ㏻ࡾࡼࡾࡶ⣽࠿ࡃศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ4 ㏻ࡾ࠿ࡽ 6 ㏻ࡾ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࠙౛ࠚ
㡾┺
㡺⍺ 㡺㔶┺ 㡺㔲⍺ 㢖㣪 㡺㎪㣪 㢋┞┺ 㡺㕃┞┺
( ᮶ࡿ )( ᮶ࡣࡿ )(᮶ࡲࡍ)(᮶ࡣࡾࡲࡍ)(᮶ࡽࢀࡲࡍ)(࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍ)
6
ᐇ㝿ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࡶࡗ࡜」㞧࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢᩗពࡉࢆ⡆༢࡟ឤぬⓗ࡟᪥ᮏㄒ࡟┤ࡍ࡜ࠊ
ࠕ̿㔲ࠖࡀ㛵すᘚࡢࠕ̿ࡣࡿࠖ࡟┦ᙜࡋࠊᶆ‽ㄒࡢᩗయᙧ࡜ᖖయᙧࡢ㛫࡟఩⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊືモ࡟㝈ࡽࡎࠊᩥࡢᩘ࠿ᡤ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢㄒᙡࢆධࢀ᭰࠼࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࢆ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟┤ヂࡍࡿ࡜஧㔜୕㔜ᩗㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ
⩦⪅ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẕㄒᖸ΅ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡋࡤࡋࡤ◊✲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
࠙౛ࠚ
㠊Ⲏ┞℮㍲ 㔶ⶎ㦚 㧓㦒㔲ἶ Ἒ㔶┺. 㸦࠾ẕࡉࢇࡣ᪂⪺ࢆㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ
㸦┤ヂ㸧࠾ẕࡉࢇ࡟࠾࠿ࢀࡲࡋ࡚ࡣ᪂⪺ࢆㄞࡳࡣࡗ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩗㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆ࡜እࡢ༊ูࡀ࡞ࡃࠊᐙ᪘࡟ࡶᩗㄒࢆ౑࠺ࠋᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࠊᖺ㱋࣭⫋
఩࡞࡝ࡢୖୗ㛵ಀࢆࡶ࡜࡟౑࠸ศࡅࡿࠋࡇࡢព࿡࡛ࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࡢᩗㄒࡣ⤯ᑐⓗᩗㄒ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏ
ㄒࡢᩗㄒࡣ┦ᑐⓗᩗㄒࡔ࡜ᥦၐࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᩗㄒࡢ౑࠸᪉࡜㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࠿ࠊ㡑
ᅜ࡛ࡣ▱ࡾྜࡗࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢே࡟ᖺ㱋ࢆ⪺ࡃ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊᖺ㱋ࡀୖࡔ
ࡀぶࡋࡳࡢ࠶ࡿே࡟ࠊࠕ㹼ࡉࢇ࡙ࠖࡅࡼࡾࠕ࠾ጜࡉࢇࠖࠕ࠾඗ࡉࢇࠖ࡜࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅࡿഴྥࡀ࠶
ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢸࣥࢫࠊ࢔ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡎࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
࠙౛ࠚ
ἆ䢒䟞㠊㣪. 㸦⤖፧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸧
㸦┤ヂ㸧 ⤖፧ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊୖࡢ౛࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡀ᏶஢ᙧࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜㄒ࡛ࡣ㐣ཤᙧࡀ
౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊྠࡌ࡟஦ែ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜㡑ᅜㄒ࡛ࡣ㐣ཤ࡞ࡢ࠿᏶஢࡞
ࡢ࠿ᤊ࠼᪉ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㐣ཤᙧࠕࡓࠖࡢព࿡⏝ἲࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇ
◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࠊ࡯࠿ࡢゝㄒࡢࢸࣥࢫ࣭࢔ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࡜ᑐ↷ࡍࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆྲྀࡿ◊
✲ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㡑ᅜㄒ࡜ࡢᑐ↷ࡣチ㸦2004㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ㡑ᅜㄒࡢ㺀eoss㺁
ࡣ≧ែᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ែࢆࡶ࠶ࡽࢃࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㺀ࡓ㺁࡜㡑ᅜㄒ
ࡢ㺀eoss㺁࡜ࡢẚ㍑ᑐ↷ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㺀ࡓ㺁ࡣ≧ែᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆド࡛᫂ࡁࡓࠋ
࠙౛ࠚ
㧮G ⿖┻䞮Ỷ㔋┞┺U㸦ࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ㸧G
㸦┤ヂ㸧ࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
㺃 㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃.㸦ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡾ࠿ࡡࡲࡍࠋ㸧
㸦┤ヂ㸧ࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ㸧
ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊୖࡢ౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜㄒ࡛ࡣࠕ̿Ỷࠖࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩗពࡀቑࡍࠋࠕ̿
Ỷࠖࡣᮏ᮶᥎㔞࣭ពᚿࢆ⾲ࡍຓືモ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡐᩗព࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡢ࠿࡜࡚ࡶ⯆࿡῝࠸࡜
ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣔࢲࣜࢸ࢕◊✲ࡸ፣᭤⾲⌧◊✲ࡸᩗㄒ◊✲࡟ࡶ♧၀ࢆ୚࠼ࡑ࠺࡛࠶
ࡿࠋពᚿ࣭᥎㔞ࢆ⾲ࡍຓືモࡢᑐ↷◊✲ࡣᮤ㸦㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
⚾ࡢ◊✲ࡢ㛵ᚰ࠿ࡽゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ⯆࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣゝㄒ⾜ືࡢ㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢧ࣮ࣝࡀ
speech act ࢆᥦၐࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࠊゝㄒ⾜ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ⾜ࢃࢀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕゝㄒ⾜
7
ືࡢᑐ↷◊✲ࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋከࡃࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑐ↷◊✲ࡀ᭷ຠⓗ
࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒヰ⪅ࡢゝㄒ⾜ືࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ࡞࠾ࡉࡽᑐ↷◊✲ࡀḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ
࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౫㢗⾲⌧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ஭ฟ㸦1986㸧ࠊᮤ㸦2008㸧࡞࡝ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ
␃Ꮫ୰ࠊᑐ↷ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⏦ࡋฟ⾲⌧࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ2011 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 16 ᪥࡟
⾜ࢃࢀࡓ 2011 ᖺᗘ㡑ᅜ᪥ㄒ᪥ᩥᏛ఍᫓Ꮨ኱఍࡛ࠊࠕ➨୍ே⛠࠿ࡽࡢᜠᜨ⾲⌧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪥㡑
୰ᑐ↷◊✲ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡟ཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ࢆࡋࡓxiࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊᮧୖ᫓ᶞࡢேẼᑠㄝࠗ1Q84 BOOK
㸯࠘ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧࡜㡑ᅜㄒヂ࡜୰ᅜㄒヂ࡜ࡢᑐ↷ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ぢࡘࡅࡓࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ➨୍ே⛠࠿ࡽ
ࡢᜠᜨ⾲⌧ࡢព࿡࡜౑࠸᪉ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕV ࡚࠶ࡆࡿࠖࡣ⾜Ⅽࡢ᪉ྥᛶ
ࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿሙྜ࡜ࠊチᐜࡍࡿព࿡㸦ࡲࡓࡣࡑࢀ࡟㏆࠸ព࿡㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍሙྜ࡟ከࡃ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ㢗ࡲࢀ࡚࡞ࡃ࡚⮬ศ࠿ࡽࡍࡍࢇ࡛┦ᡭࡢࡓࡵ࡟ఱ࠿ࢆࡍࡿ
ሙྜࠊே㛫㛵ಀ࡟ࡶࡼࡿࡀࠊࠕV ࡚࠶ࡆࡿࠖࡢ౑⏝ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㡑ᅜㄒ࣭
୰ᅜㄒࡢヂ࡛ࡣࠕV ࡚࠶ࡆࡿࠖ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿᜠᜨ⾲⌧ࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓࠋ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠊ
ᜠᜨ⾲⌧ࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ືモࢆ౑࠺࠿ࠊ┠ୖࡢ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟ືモࡢㅬㆡࡢᙧࢆ౑࠺࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡣࠊᜠ
ᜨࢆ୚࠼ࡿどⅬ࠿ࡽᜠᜨࢆཷࡅࡿどⅬ࡬ኚ࠼࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ఍࡛ከࡃࡢඛ⏕᪉࠿ࡽ㈗
㔜࡞࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ᚓࡓ⤒㦂ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊ༤ኈㄽᩥࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿ⾜Ⅽᒎ
㛤⾲⌧ࡢ඲యീࡢゎ᫂࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ௒ᚋ࡜ࡶ◊✲ࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
஭ฟ⚈Ꮚ㸦1986㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏே࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢᩗㄒ⾜ື: ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢሙྜ࠘༡㞼ᇽ
チᐓ☒㸦2004㸧
ࠕ⌧௦᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㐣ཤࢸࣥࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚--㡑ᅜㄒ࡜ࡢᑐ↷ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠖ
ࠗ⟃Ἴ᪥ᮏ
ㄒ◊✲࠘➨ 9 ྕ ࠊ⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔༤ኈㄢ⛬ᩥⱁ࣭ゝㄒ◊✲⛉᪥ᮏㄒᏛ◊✲ᐊ
ᅜᗈဴᘺ⦅㸦1982㸧ࠗ᪥ⱥẚ㍑ㅮᗙ➨ 5 ᕳ ᩥ໬࡜♫఍࠘ࠊ኱ಟ㤋᭩ᗑ
ᅜ❧ᅜㄒ◊✲ᡤ⦅㸦2002㸧ࠗᑐ↷◊✲࡜᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࠘ࠊࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧
ᙇග㌷௚ヂ㸦2008㸧࢖࢖ࢧ௚ⴭࠗ㡑ᅜㄒᴫㄝ࠘
ࠊୡ⏺ᅗ᭩ฟ∧බྖ
ᅜ㝿஺ὶᇶ㔠ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᅜู᝟ሗ࣭㡑ᅜࠖ
http://www.jpf.go.jp/j/japanese/survey/country/2010/korea.html
⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே᪥ᮏᏛ⏕ᨭ᥼ᶵᵓࠕ࢙࢘ࣈ࣐࢞ࢪࣥࠗ␃Ꮫ஺ὶ࠘2011 ᖺ 4 ᭶ྕࠖ
http://www.jasso.go.jp/about/documents/marikonagashima.pdf
ᮤἰ㤼㸦2006㸧ࠕ᪥㡑୧ゝㄒࡢពᚿࠊ᥎㔞ࢆ⾲ࡍຓືモ : ㏙ㄒ⤌⧊඲యࡢᑐ↷◊✲࡟ࡴࡅ
࡚ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᏛㄽ㞟࠘ ➨ 2 ྕࠊᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥ♫఍⣔◊✲⛉ᅜㄒ◊✲ᐊ
ᮤᐅ┿㸦2008㸧㺀౫㢗ࡢゝㄒ⾜ື࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪥୰ㄒᑐ↷◊✲Ɇ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽɆ㺁 ࠗᮾ
໭኱Ꮫ㧗➼ᩍ⫱㛤Ⓨ᥎㐍ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⣖せ࠘(3)ࠊᮾ໭኱Ꮫ㧗➼ᩍ⫱㛤Ⓨ᥎㐍ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
8
ὀ㸸
ࢧ࢖ࢺ http://home.skku.edu/sli/4/ko_01_02_en.php
෗┿ 1㸸࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥᏛ⩦ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢື⏬࢖࣓࣮ࢪ
iii ࢧ࢖ࢺ http://www.icampus.ac.kr/front/main/MainAction.do?method=list
iv ࢧ࢖ࢺ http://ccl.pku.edu.cn:8080/ccl_corpus/
v ෗┿ 2㸸࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡟ᥖࡆ࡚࠶ࡿ൲Ꮫࡢྡゝ
i
ii
viᅜ❧ᅜㄒ◊✲ᡤ⦅㸦2002㸧
ࠗᑐ↷◊✲࡜᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧
vii
viii
ix
෗┿ 3㸸ࣁࣥࢢࣝࢆⓎ᫂ࡋࡓୡ᐀኱⋤
෗┿ 4㸸㡑ᅜㄒࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻ
෗┿ 5㸸ࢧ࣒ࢯࣥࡢᦠᖏࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻ
෗┿ 6㸸2011 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 1 ᪥௜ࡢᮅ㩭᪥ሗ
xi෗┿ 7㸸2011 ᖺᗘ㡑ᅜ᪥ㄒ᪥ᩥᏛ఍᫓Ꮨ኱఍ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
x
9
10
ほග㛤Ⓨࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᙳ㡪ຊ 㹼୰ᅜ㞼༡┬㯇Ụᕷࢆ஦౛࡟㹼
ᯇᾆ ┿ᘪ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ㸦୰ᅜ㸧
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ほග⏘ᴗࡣእ㈌⋓ᚓࡸ㞠⏝๰ฟ࡞࡝⤒῭
Ⓨᒎ࡟኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿ㈨※࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㛤Ⓨ
㏵ୖᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈋ᅔၥ㢟ࡢゎᾘ࡟ࡶᐤ୚ࡍ
ࡿ᭷ຊ࡞ᡭẁ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢ཯㠃ࠊ
ほග㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡣࠊ⎔ቃࢆ◚ቯࡋࠊࡑࡢᆅᇦ࡟
ఫࡴேࠎࡢ⏕άᩥ໬ࢆࡶኚ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡯࡝
኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋほග㛤
Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࣉࣛࢫ㠃࠾
ࡼࡧ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ㠃ࡢㄪ࿴ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ಖࡘ࠿ࡀ࢝ࢠ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ㞼༡┬㯇Ụᕷࢆ஦౛࡟ࠊほග㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ
ཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࣉࣛࢫ㠃࡜ࡋ࡚⤒῭ⓗຠᯝࢆࠊ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ㠃࡜ࡋ࡚⎔ቃၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ
࠿࡟ࡋࠊ௒ᚋᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ほග㛤Ⓨࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ
㸰㸬㯇Ụᕷࡢᴫせ
୰ᅜ㞼༡┬㯇Ụᕷࡣ୰ᅜ༡す㒊ࠊ㞼༡┬す໭㒊࡟఩⨨ࡋࠊᾏᢤ⣙ 㹫ࡢ㧗ཎᆅᖏ࡟࠶
ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ༊ ┴࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ໭ഃ࡟ࡣ㯇Ụᕷࡢࢩ࡛ࣥ࣎ࣝ࠶ࡿ⣙ 㹫ࡢ⋢㱟㞷ᒣ
ࡀࡑࡧ࠼❧ࡕࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⮬↛㇏࠿࡞ᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㯇Ụᕷ⤫ィᒁ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ ᖺࡢேཱྀࡣ ୓ேࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ₎Ẹ᪘ࡀ 㸣ࠊᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡀ 㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࠊ࢖᪘ࠊ⣡す᪘ࠊࣜࢫ᪘࡞࡝ ௨
ୖࡢᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡀ㯇Ụᕷෆ࡟ᒃఫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᖺࡢᅜෆ⥲⏕⏘ࡣ ൨ඖ࡜๓ᖺ
࡟ẚ࡭ 㸣ቑຍࡋࠊ ᖺ௨㝆 㸣௨ୖࡢᡂ㛗⋡ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸱㸬ほග㛤Ⓨ
ᨵ㠉㛤ᨺᚋࠊ୰ᅜᨻᗓࡣἢᾏ㒊࡜ෆ㝣㒊࡜ࡢ⤒῭᱁ᕪࢆ᫝ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡀᒃఫ
ࡍࡿᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢯࣇࢺ⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿほග⏘ᴗࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ᪉㔪ࢆ❧࡚ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㯇
Ụᕷ࡛ࡶ ᖺ௨㝆ࠊほග㛤Ⓨࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ ᖺ࡟ࡣ㯇Ụ✵ ࡀ㛤 ࡉࢀࠊ
11
ᖺ ᭶࡟ࡣࠕ7KH2OG7RZQRI/LMLDQJ㸦㯇Ụྂᇛ㸧
ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㯇Ụᕷෆ ࠿ᡤ㸦኱◊ྂ
㙠ࠊ᮰Ἑྂ㙠ࠊⓑἋྂ㙠㸧ࡀୡ⏺ᩥ໬㑇⏘࡟Ⓩ㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠊ ᖺ࡟᪻᫂࠿ࡽ┤
⾜ิ㌴ࡀ㛤㏻ࡋࠊ㯇Ụ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀࡼࡾ౽฼࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖ࡟ほගᐈࡀ㯇Ụᕷࢆ
ゼࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺ࡟ゼၥࡋࡓᅜෆእほගᐈࡀ ୓ே࡜๓ᖺ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ ๭ቑ
࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊほග཰ධ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ൨ඖ࡜๓ᖺ࡟ẚ࡭࡚⣙ ๭ቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᅗ
㸫㸧ࠊ㯇Ụᕷ *'3ࠊほගᐈᩘࠊほග཰ධ඲࡚࡟࠾࠸࡚ 㸣௨ୖࡢᡂ㛗⋡ࢆグ㘓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㯇Ụᕷ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ほගࡣ㔜せ࡞⏘ᴗࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸦ᅗ 㸫㸧ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᛴ㏿࡟ほගᆅ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡇ࡜࡛኱㔞ࡢほගᐈࡀὶࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛᮶࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵ⎔ቃ◚ቯࡀ㐍ࡳࠊࡲࡓၟ኎┠ⓗ࡛እ㒊࠿ࡽ⛣ࡾఫࡴேࠎࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⤖
ᯝࠊཎఫẸࡢ⏕άᩥ໬ࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋほග࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤒῭ࡀⓎᒎࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊ
࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚⎔ቃ࠾ࡼࡧ⏕άᩥ໬ࢆᏲࡾࠊ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡀ௒ᚋࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᅗ 㸫 ほගᐈᩘ࠾ࡼࡧほග⥲཰ධ㸦 ᖺ ᖺ㸧
ฟᡤ㸸㯇Ụᖺ㚷࠾ࡼࡧ㯇Ụᕷ᪑​ᒁ +3 ࡼࡾసᡂ
12
ᅗ 㸫 ほග⥲཰ධࠊᅜෆእほගᐈᩘࠊ㯇Ụᕷ *'3 ࡢᡂ㛗⋡㸦 ᖺ ᖺ㸧
ฟᡤ㸸㯇Ụᖺ㚷࠾ࡼࡧ㯇Ụᕷ᪑​ᒁ +3 ࡼࡾసᡂ
㸲㸬⎔ቃၥ㢟
㯇Ụᕷࡣᅄ᪉ࢆᒣࠎ࡛ᅖࡲࢀࠊ໭࡟ࡑࡧ࠼❧ࡘᾏᢤ⣙ P ࡢ⋢㱟㞷ᒣ࡟ࡣ ✀ࡢ
᳜≀ࡸ ✀ࡢ⸆ⲡ࡞࡝ࠊ⌋ࡋ࠸ື᳜≀ࡀ⏕ᜥࡋࠊࡲࡓᕷෆᩘ࠿ᡤ࡟ࡣỈࡢ‪ࡁฟࡿἨࡀ
࠶ࡾࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⮬↛㇏࠿࡞ᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㯇ỤྂᇛࡣྂࡃࡣᑡᩘẸ᪘⣡す᪘ࡢᨻ἞࣭⤒
῭࣭ᩥ໬ࡢ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ᰤ࠼ࡓ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྂᇛෆࢆᗄ➽ࡶࡢἙࡀὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊỈ
ᩥ໬ࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ௒࡞࠾ࡑࡢ⩦័ࡀཷࡅ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 㸫㸧ࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊほග㛤Ⓨࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ⤒῭ࡀᛴ㏿
‫ ׋‬Ყ ᰯ൶Ӟ؉ϋ‫׋‬
Ј৑Ჴ‫ޛ‬஭
࡟ᡂ㛗ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⏕ែ⣔࡬ࡢ㈇Ⲵࡀ኱ࡁࡃ
࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㯇Ụᕷࡢ୺࡞Ỉ※ᆅࡣ㯮㱟
₺ࠊΎ῱㈓Ỉụࠊ୕᮰Ἑࡢ ᆅⅬ࡛ࠊ㯮㱟₺
ࡣ㯇Ụྂᇛෆ࡬ࠊΎ῱㈓Ỉụࡣ⪔ᆅࡲࡓࡣ㯮
㱟₺ࡢ⿵඘Ỉ※࡜ࡋ࡚㯇Ụྂᇛෆ࡬౪⤥ࡋࠊ
୕᮰Ἑࡣ㎰ᕤᴗ⏝Ỉ࡜ࡋ࡚౑ࢃࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ࡜
ࡇࢁࠊỈࡢ౪⤥㔞ࡣ㊊ࡾ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀ
ࡽࠊ㏆ᖺࡢほගᆅ໬࡟ࡼࡿỈ฼⏝ࡢቑຍࡸỈởᰁࠊẼೃኚື࡟ࡼࡿ㝆Ỉ㔞ࡢቑῶ࡞࡝ࡢᙳ
㡪࡟ࡼࡾࠊ௒ࡢỈ౑⏝㔞ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ࡜ᑗ᮶Ỉ୙㊊࡟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ⱳ௚
DE㸧ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ㯇Ụྂᇛෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿỈởᰁࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛ࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ㯮㱟₺
࠿ࡽ㯇Ụྂᇛෆ࡬⋢Ἑ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỉࡀ㐠ࡤࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㯮㱟₺ࡢỈ㉁ࡣࠕϨ㢮ࠖ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟ࡁࢀ
࠸࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ㯇Ụྂᇛෆࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅእ࡬ฟࡿࢃࡎ࠿ NP ࡛Ỉ㉁ࡀ
13
ࠕຎϬࠖ࡟ࡲ࡛ᝏ໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 㸫㸧ࠋ㯇Ụྂᇛෆࢆὶࢀࡿ⋢ἙࡢỈࡣࡑࡇ࡟ఫ
ࡴఫẸࡢ⏕ά⏝Ỉ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㣧ᩱỈ࡜ࡋ࡚࡛ࡶ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ௒࡛ࡣ㣧ࡴࡇ࡜ࡣࡶࡕࢁ
ࢇ࡛ࡁࡎࠊྂᇛෆ࡬ධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿỈࡣᬒほ⏝ࠊฟ࡚࠸ࡃỈࡣ㎰ᕤᴗ⏝Ỉ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝㏵ࡀᐃࡵࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㯇Ụᕷෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ỉởᰁࡀᚎࠎ࡟ၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊ≉࡟㯇Ụ
ྂᇛෆ࡛ࡣ῝้໬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪩ᛴ࡟ᑐฎࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖾ࠸࡟ࡶࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡢ✵Ẽ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚
ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᖖ࡟᭱ࡶホ౯ࡢⰋ࠸ࠕ୍⣭ࠖࢆྲྀᚓࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ 㸫 ⋢ἙࡢỈ㉁ኚ໬
=൦ឋᚸ̖Ʒᘙᚡ?
Ჴí᫏äเ්Ŵᐯ໱̬ᜱғ
Ჴî᫏ä᫩ဇ൦เ‫ע‬
Ჴï᫏ä൦င᫱഻ғȷᢂපғ
Ჴð᫏äɟᑍ߻ಅဇ൦
Ჴñ᫏äᠾಅဇ൦
Ჴэñ᫏äᠾ߻ಅဇ൦ɧӧ
ฟᡤ㸸㯇Ụᖺ㚷ࠊⱲ௚DEࡼࡾసᡂ
ࡲࡓࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡜⎔ቃởᰁ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⋤す⍆➼㸦㸧ࡀ ᖺ㹼
ᖺࡢ㯇Ụᕷࡢ୍ேᙜࡓࡾ *'3ࠊ᤼Ỉ᤼ฟ⥲㔞ࠊ᤼Ẽ࢞ࢫ᤼ฟ⥲㔞ࠊᅛయᗫᲠ≀㈓ⶶ⥲
㔞ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⎔ቃởᰁࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ࡢࡣ 㹼 ᖺ࡛
୍ேᙜࡓࡾ *'3 ࡀ 㹼 ඖࠊ⎔ቃởᰁࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ᭱ࡶప࠸ࡢࡣ 㹼 ᖺ୍࡛ே
ᙜࡓࡾ *'3 ࡀ 㹼 ඖࡢ᫬࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㏫ 8 Ꮠᆺ࠿ࡽ 8 Ꮠᆺ࡟㌿ࡌࡿ⎔ቃࢡࢬࢿࢵࢶ᭤
⥺ࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜➨ ḟ⏘ᴗࡢ㎰ᴗࡀ୺せ⏘
ᴗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ㹼 ᖺ࡟➨ ḟ⏘ᴗࡢᕤᴗࡀ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡾࠊᕤᴗᗫỈࡢ᤼Ỉ㔞ࡀ㠀
ᖖ࡟ቑ࠼⎔ቃ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ởỈฎ⌮ሙࡢᘓタࡸ᤼Ỉつไ࡞࡝⎔ቃᨻ⟇࡟
ࡼࡾ ᖺࢆቃ࡟᤼Ỉ㔞ࡣῶᑡࡋጞࡵ ᖺ௨㝆⎔ቃởᰁࡢ⛬ᗘࡣప࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛➨ ḟ⏘ᴗࡢほගᴗࡀᛴ㏿࡟Ⓨᒎࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡲࡓ⎔ቃࡀởᰁࡉࢀጞࡵࠊ㏆ᖺᘓ
⠏ᴗࡸ஺㏻㐠㍺ᴗࡢⓎᒎ࡟ࡼࡾ᤼Ẽ࢞ࢫࡢ᤼ฟ㔞ࡀ ᖺ௨㝆ቑ࠼⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕほගࠖࢆ୺㍈࡟⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᚲࡎ⎔ቃᑐ⟇ࡶేࡏ࡚⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ☜
࠿࡞⎔ቃᨻ⟇ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
14
㸳㸬࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࠾ࡼࡧ⤒῭Ἴཬຠᯝ᥎ィ
ᖺ ᭶ ᪥࠾ࡼࡧ ᪥ࡢ ᪥㛫ࠊほගᐈ࠾ࡼࡧ஦ᴗᡤ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ
ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊほගᐈࡢ㯇Ụᕷࡢ⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯ࠊほගᐈࡢ≉ᛶࠊ
ほගᐈࡀ㯇Ụᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓᾘ㈝ࡀ⮬ᆅᇦ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡢ࠿᳨ドࡍࡿࠋ
㸳㸫㸯㸬᮶ゼ⪅࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ
୰ᅜேほගᐈ࠾ࡼࡧእᅜேほගᐈࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ኱◊ྂ㙠໭㛛࠾ࡼࡧᅄ᪉⾤ࠊ᮰Ἑྂ㙠ࡢ ࠿ᡤࢆㄪᰝᆅⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᒓᛶࠊ㯇Ụᕷෆ࡛ࡢᾘ㈝㔠㢠ࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡢ㨩ຊࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡢ
⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡓࠋ ௳ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ୰ᅜேほගᐈࡀ ௳ࠊእ
ᅜேほගᐈࡀ ௳࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
㸳㸫㸯㸫㸯㸬ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ
ほගᐈࡢ≉ᛶ
ᖺ ᭶࡟ࡶྠᵝࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜௒ᅇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ↷ࡽࡋྜ
ࢃࡏ࡞ࡀࡽほගᐈࡢ≉ᛶࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ๓ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣᅇ⟅ᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ
㞟ィ⤖ᯝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿಙ៰ᛶࡀⷧ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞≉ᛶࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽࠊ㯇Ụᕷࢆゼၥࡍࡿほගᐈࡢ≉ᛶࡢഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡲࡎᅜ⡠࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ ᖺࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝࠊ୰ᅜேほගᐈࡀ ๭௨ୖ࡜ᅽ
ಽⓗ࡟ከࡃࠊእᅜேほගᐈ࡛ࡣḢᕞ࠿ࡽࡢほගᐈࡀ୍␒ከ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 㸫㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ௒ᅇ୰
ᅜேほගᐈ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ࡝ࡢᆅᇦ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓࡢ࠿ᑜࡡࡿ㡯┠ࢆタࡅࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ୰༡
㒊࠿ࡽࡢほගᐈࡀ඲యࡢ ๭ࢆ༨ࡵࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶᗈᮾ┬࠿ࡽࡢほගᐈࡀ᭱ࡶከࡃࠊ඲య࡛
ぢ࡚ࡶᗈᮾ┬࠿ࡽࡢほගᐈࡀ୍␒ከ࠸ᆅᇦ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟ࠸࡛㯇Ụᕷࡢ࠶ࡿす༡㒊࠿ࡽ
ࡢほගᐈࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓ⾲ 㸫ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟⾲ 㸫 ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓᅇ⟅ෆᐜࢆヲࡋࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ࠊほගᐈࡢ୰࡛ ௦ࡀ඲యࡢ⣙ ๭ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚᭱ࡶከࡃࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ ๭ࡀ㯇Ụᕷࢆึࡵ࡚ゼၥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ ௦࡟㛵ࡋ࡚
ࡶ ௦࡟ḟ࠸࡛ ␒┠࡟ከࡃࠊ ๭ࡀึࡵ࡚㯇Ụᕷࢆゼၥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࠿
ࡽࡶࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡣ 㹼 ௦࡟ேẼࡢ࠶ࡿほගᆅ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡀࠊ ௦ࡢ෌ゼ⋡ࡀ ๭࡜ᴟࡵ࡚ప
ࡃࠊ඲࡚ࡢᖺ௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ෌ᗘ㯇Ụᕷࢆゼࢀ࡚࠸ࡿほගᐈࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪑⾜ᙧែ࡛
ࡣ඲࡚ࡢᖺ௦࡟࠾࠸࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢほගᐈࡀࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࢶ࢔࣮ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ಶே࡛㯇Ụᕷ
ࢆゼၥࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ඲య࡛ࡣ ๭ࢆࡶ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᖺ௦࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㯇Ụᕷࡣ
ಶே᪑⾜࡛ࡶẼ㍍࡟ゼၥ࡛ࡁࡿほගᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢྲྀࢀࡿࠋ
15
⾲ 㸫 ᅜ⡠ࡢ๭ྜ
ᖺ
࢜ࢭ࢔
ࢽ࢔
㺃
༡⡿
䣹ࣃ
඲య
໭୰
ࣚ䤀ࣟ
୰ᅜ
ᖺ
࢔ࢪ࢔
⾲ 㸫 ୰ᅜேほගᐈࡢෆヂ㸦ᆅᇦู㸧
ᆅᇦ
┬ᕷ
ேᩘ
㞼༡
す༡㒊
㈗ᕞ
ᅄᕝ
㔜៞
Ụ⸽
Ἑ໭
Ᏻᚯ
ᒣす
ୖᾏ
ෆⵚྂ
ύỤ
໭ி
Ụす
ኳὠ
⚟ᘓ
㝐す
Ἑ༡
す໭㒊
⏑⢔
†໭
㟷ᾏ
୰༡㒊
†༡
᪂␩㺑㺐㺖㺼㺷
ᗈᮾ
㤶 
ᗈす
ྎ‴
ᾏ༡
୙᫂
ᮾ໭㒊
ᮾ㒊
┬ᕷ
ேᩘ
㑈ᑀ
ྜྷᯘ
㯮㱟Ụ
ᒣᮾ
ᆅᇦ
໭㒊
⾲ 㸫 ᅇ⟅ෆᐜ
ᖺ㱋ᒙ㸦ṓ㸧
୙᫂
඲య
ᅇ⟅⪅ᩘ
ᖹᆒᅾ᪥ᩘ
᮶ゼᅇᩘ
ึᅇ
ᅇ
ᅇ
ᅇ
ᅇ௨ୖ
16
ྠక⪅
᪑⾜ᙧែ
ࡦ࡜ࡾ
ኵ፬
ᐙ᪘
཭ே
ྠ൉
ࡑࡢ௚
㺨㺽㺍㺖᪑⾜ほග௜
㺨㺽㺍㺖᪑⾜㺪㺶㺎
ᅋయ᪑⾜
ಶே᪑⾜
ཧ⪃ ᖺᐇ᪋࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ
ᖺ㱋ᒙ㸦ṓ㸧
ᅇ⟅⪅ᩘ
୙᫂
඲య
ᖹᆒᅾ᪥ᩘ
᮶ゼᅇᩘ
ྠక⪅
᪑⾜ᙧែ
ึᅇ
ᅇ
ᅇ
ᅇ
ᅇ௨ୖ
ࡦ࡜ࡾ
ኵ፬
ᐙ᪘
཭ே
ྠ൉
ࡑࡢ௚
୙᫂
㺨㺽㺍㺖᪑⾜ほග௜
㺨㺽㺍㺖᪑⾜㺪㺶㺎
ᅋయ᪑⾜
ಶே᪑⾜
17
㯇Ụᕷ࡟ᑐࡍࡿព㆑ㄪᰝ
୰ᅜேほගᐈ࠾ࡼࡧእᅜேほගᐈ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢ㉁ၥࢆࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋ
ձ㯇Ụᕷࡢ࡝ࡇ࡟㨩ຊࢆឤࡌࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
D⮬↛⎔ቃ Eఏ⤫ᘓ⠏≀ Fࢼࢩᩥ໬ G≉࡟࡞ࡋ Hࡑࡢ௚
ղ㯇Ụᕷࡢ⎔ቃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡲࡋࡓ࠿ࠋ
D㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼ࠸ Eࡼ࠸ F࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠸ Gᝏ࠸
ࡇࡢㄪᰝࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊほගᐈࡀ㯇Ụᕷࢆゼၥࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ௒ᚋ &90 ࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⎔ቃホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊ࡝ࡇ࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸࡚ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࢆస
ᡂࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸࠿ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡢ㨩ຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜேほ
ගᐈࡢ ๭ࡀࠕ⮬↛⎔ቃࠖࢆࠊእᅜேほගᐈࡢ ๭ࡀࠕఏ⤫ᘓ⠏≀ࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࠊ୰ᅜே࡜
እᅜேࡢどⅬࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 㸫㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡢ⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯࡟㛵
ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜேほගᐈࡢ ๭ࡀࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࢆࠊእᅜேほගᐈࡢ ๭ࡀࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼ࠸ࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࠊ
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡶ୰ᅜே࡜እᅜே࡜ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 㸫㸧ࠋ
⾲ 㸫 㯇Ụᕷࡢ㨩ຊ㸦༢఩㸸㸧
⮬↛⎔ቃ
ఏ⤫ᘓ⠏≀
ࢼࢩᩥ໬
≉࡟࡞ࡋ
ࡑࡢ௚
୰ᅜேほගᐈ
እᅜேほගᐈ
඲య
⾲ 㸫 㯇Ụᕷࡢ⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯㸦༢఩㸸㸧
㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼ࠸
ࡼ࠸
࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠸
ᝏ࠸
୰ᅜேほගᐈ
እᅜேほගᐈ
඲య
ୖグࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚ࠊほගᐈࡢឤࡌࡿ㨩ຊ࡜⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⾲ 㸫 ࡟ࡲ
࡜ࡵࡓࠋ㯇Ụᕷࡢ㨩ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ⮬↛⎔ቃࠖࠊࠕఏ⤫ᘓ⠏≀ࠖࠊࠕࢼࢩᩥ໬ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓከࡃ
ࡢேࡣ⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊほගᐈࡀឤࡌࡿ㯇Ụ
ᕷࡢ㨩ຊࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⎔ቃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ⰻ࠸࡜࠸࠺ホ౯ࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࠕ⮬↛⎔ቃࠖࢆ㑅ࢇ
ࡔேࡀࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼ࠸ࠖࡼࡾࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࢆከࡃ㑅ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊほගᐈ࡟㯇Ụᕷࡢ㨩ຊࢆ
18
ࡼࡾࡼࡃឤࡌ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ⮬↛⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᨵၿࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ௒ᚋ㯇Ụᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ &90 ࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⎔ቃホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊࢩࢼ
ࣜ࢜ࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⎔ቃࢆ⥔ᣢࡶࡋࡃࡣࡼࡾࡼࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⎔ቃᨻ⟇ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊࡑࡢホ౯
ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜேほගᐈ࡜እᅜேほගᐈ࡛ࡣ㨩ຊࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㯇Ụᕷࢆゼࢀࡿほ
ගᐈࡢ࠺ࡕ୰ᅜேほගᐈࡀ⤫ィᒁࡢሗ࿌࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ ๭௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
ࠕ⮬↛⎔
ቃࠖࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃᨻ⟇ࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡇࡢㄪᰝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲ 㸫 㯇Ụᕷࡢ㨩ຊ࡜⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦༢఩㸸㸧
⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯
㨩ຊ
㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼ࠸
ࡼ࠸
࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞
ᝏ࠸
࠸
⮬↛⎔ቃ
ఏ⤫ᘓ⠏≀
ࢼࢩᩥ໬
≉࡟࡞ࡋ
ࡑࡢ௚
ᅇ⟅⪅⥲ᩘ ࡜ࡍࡿ
ෆࡢᩘᏐࡣእᅜேほගᐈࡢ๭ྜ
ᾘ㈝άື
ほගᐈࡀ㯇Ụᕷෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸ᾘ㈝ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ┤᥋㯇Ụᕷ࡛౑ࡗࡓ㔠㢠
࡟ຍ࠼ࠊᅋయ᪑⾜⪅࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᚋ᪥᪑⾜఍♫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㯇Ụᕷ࡟ⴠ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࢶ࢔࣮௦㔠ࡶ
ྵࡵࠊ ࡘࡢ㡯┠㸦ᐟἩ㈝ࠊ㣧㣗㈝ࠊ஺㏻㈝ࠊᅵ⏘㉎ධ㈝ࠊࡑࡢ௚㸧࡟ศࡅ࡚㞟ィࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ୍ேᙜࡓࡾᖹᆒ ඖࡢᾘ㈝ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㡯┠ู࡟ぢࡿ࡜ࠊᐟἩ㈝ࡀ୍
␒ከࡃࠊ஺㏻㈝ࡀ୍␒ᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌧ᆅࢶ࢔࣮௦㔠ࡸධሙᩱ࡞࡝ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㈝⏝࡟ᑐ
ࡋ࡚ࡶẚ㍑ⓗከࡃࡢᾘ㈝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊほගᐈࡣከࡃࡢほගྡᡤࢆゼࢀࡓࡾࠊࡉࡽ
࡟ࡣ㯇Ụྂᇛෆ࡟ࡣ᪑⾜࠶ࡗࡏࢇ఍♫ࡀⅬᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㏆㞄ࡢほගᆅࢆゼၥࡋࡓࡾࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜᥎ ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦⾲ 㸫㸧ࠋ௒ᅇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ ᖺࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ
19
⾲ 㸫 ᖹᆒᾘ㈝༢౯㸦༢఩㸸ඖ㸧
㡯┠
๭ྜ
㔠㢠
ᐟἩ㈝
㣧㣗㈝
஺㏻㈝
ᅵ⏘㉎ධ㈝
ࡑࡢ௚㸦⌧ᆅ㺠㺏㺎ࠊධሙᩱ࡞࡝㸧
ྜィ
㸳㸫㸰㸬஦ᴗᡤ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ
㯇Ụᕷෆ࡟࠶ࡿ஦ᴗᡤࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ኱◊ྂ㙠໭㛛࠾ࡼࡧᅄ᪉⾤ࠊ᮰Ἑྂ㙠࡞࡝㯇Ụᕷෆࢆ
ㄪᰝᆅⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ஦ᴗᡤ࠾ࡼࡧ⤒Ⴀ⪅᝟ሗࠊ኎ୖ㧗ෆヂ࠾ࡼࡧᇦෆㄪ㐩⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜ
ࡡࠊ ௳ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋ
㸳㸫㸰㸫㸯㸬ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ
஦ᴗᡤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ྛ஦ᴗᡤ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸ࡘ㛤ᴗࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡇࡢฟ㌟࡞ࡢ࠿ᑜࡡࡓࠋࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
๭ࡢ஦ᴗᡤࡀ ᖺ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡢ㛤ᴗ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ ᖺ࡟㛤ᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ᴗᡤࡀ
᭱ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸫㸧
ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢฟ㌟ᆅ࡛ࡣࠊす༡㒊ฟ㌟⪅ࡀ඲యࡢ⣙ ๭ࢆ༨ࡵ
୍࡚␒ከࡃࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ⣙ ๭ࡀ㯇Ụᕷฟ㌟⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 㸫㸧ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡶศ࠿ࡿ
࡜࠾ࡾࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡣᛴ㏿࡟ほගᆅ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡇ࡜࡛ࠊほගᐈࡀቑ࠼ࡓ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ㯇Ụᕷ௨እ
࠿ࡽከࡃࡢேࠎࡀၟᶵࢆồࡵ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊእ࠿ࡽࡢᩥ໬࡜ࡢ⾪✺࡟ࡼࡾཎఫẸ
࡛࠶ࡿ⣡す᪘ࡢᩥ໬ࡀⷧࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡣ኱ࡁࡃኚᐜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᕐἼ 㸧
ࠋ
20
ᅗ 㸫 㛤ᴗᖺู஦ᴗᡤᩘ
⾲ 㸫 ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢฟ㌟ᆅู
඲య
୙᫂
ࣚ䤀ࣟ䣹
ࣃ
࢔ࢪ࢔
ྎ‴
๭ྜ
す༡㒊
ᮾ㒊
୰༡㒊
ᮾ໭㒊
ᆅᇦ
⤒Ⴀ⪅ᩘ
21
㸳㸫㸱㸬ほගᾘ㈝࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭Ἴཬຠᯝ
᮶ゼ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ஦ᴗᡤ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝࢆᇶ࡟ࠊ ᖺᅜᅵ஺㏻┬ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓࠕほ
ගᾘ㈝࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭Ἴཬຠᯝ᥎ィࠖࡢ⟬ฟ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⤒῭Ἴཬຠᯝ᥎ィࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ౑⏝ࡋ
ࡓᣦᶆࡣ⾲ 㸫 ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊほගᾘ㈝ࡢෆヂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ
࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡓᖹᆒᾘ㈝༢౯ࡢྛ㡯┠ࡢẚ⋡ࢆほග⥲཰ධ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ஺㏻࣭㐠㍺ᴗࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ཰㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ᪥ᮏᨻ⟇㔠⼥බᗜ⥲ྜ
◊✲ᡤࠗᑠ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀᣦᶆ ࠘࡟ࡼࡿ㐠㍺ᴗࡢᩘ್ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ┤᥋ຠᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊほගᾘ㈝㢠ࡢ࠺ࡕ㯇Ụᕷෆ࡟ṧࡿ㔠㢠 ൨ඖࠊࡉࡽ
࡟ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿほග⏘ᴗ࡛ࡢ௜ຍ౯್㢠 ൨ඖ࡜㞠⏝⪅ᩘ ୓ேࡀ⟬ฟࡉ
ࢀࠊἼཬຠᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕⏘Ἴཬຠᯝ ൨ඖ࠾ࡼࡧ㞠⏝⪅ᩘ ୓ேࡀ⟬ฟࡉࢀ
ࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊほගᐈࡢᾘ㈝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㯇Ụᕷ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡓ⤒῭Ἴཬຠᯝ⥲㢠ࡣ
൨ඖ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㞠⏝⪅ᩘ ୓ேࢆ๰ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸫㸧ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊほග⏘ᴗ࡛⏕ࡌࡓ௜ຍ౯್㢠ࢆ㯇Ụᕷ *'3㸦 ൨ඖ㸧࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ௜
ຍ౯್㢠ࡣ㯇Ụᕷ *'3 ࡢ 㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࠊࡲࡓࠊ㞠⏝⪅⥲ᩘࢆ㯇Ụᕷᚑᴗဨ⥲ᩘ㸦 ୓ே㸧࡜
ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㞠⏝⪅⥲ᩘࡣ㯇Ụᕷᚑᴗဨ⥲ᩘࡢ 㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲ 㸫 ᣦᶆ
ほගᾘ㈝ෆヂ 㸦༢఩㸸୓ඖ㸧
㣧㣗㈝
ᐟἩ㈝
஺㏻㈝
ᅵ⏘ရ㉎ධ
⌧ᆅ㺠㺏㺎ࠊධሙᩱ࡞࡝
⥲㢠
ᑐ኎ୖ㧗ẚ⋡ 㸦༢఩㸸㸣㸧
⏘ᴗྡ
ཎᮦᩱ㈝
Ⴀᴗ⤒㈝
㣧㣗ᴗ
ᐟἩᴗ
஺㏻࣭㐠㍺ᴗ
ᅵ⏘㈍኎ᴗ
ほග᪋タᴗ
඲⏘ᴗ
22
ே௳㈝
ࡑࡢ௚⤒㈝
Ⴀᴗ฼┈
ᇦෆㄪ㐩⋡ 㸦㸣㸧 㸦㸣㸧
⏘ᴗྡ
ཎᮦᩱ㈝
Ⴀᴗ⤒㈝
㣧㣗ᴗ
ᐟἩᴗ
ᅵ⏘㈍኎ᴗ
ほග᪋タᴗ
஺㏻࣭㐠㍺ᴗ
඲⏘ᴗ
ே௳㈝
ࡑࡢ௚
㝈⏺ᾘ㈝ᛶྥͤ
ᕷෆᾘ㈝⋡
⤥୚ᆅᇦ⿵ṇ್
ᇦෆேཱྀே
ᕷෆᖹᆒᡤᚓ㸦ඖ㸧
ͤ
ྻ䭀㸦㸧ࡢ ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝
ͤ
ᇛ㙠ᒃẸேᆒྍᨭ㓄཰ධ ඖ࡜㎰Ẹேᆒ⣧཰ධ ඖࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ౑⏝
ほගᐈᐇேᩘே
ほගᐈᾘ㈝༢౯ඖ
23
ᮏ♫ẚ⋡
ᅗ 㸫 㯇Ụᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿほගᾘ㈝࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭Ἴཬࡢὶࢀ
ᚇήෞᝲ᫇ ༢఩㸸୓ඖ
ᇦෆ࡟ṧࡿᾘ㈝㢠 ཎᮦᩱ➼Ἴཬ
ᡤᚓἼཬ
Ⴚ੗јௐ
➨ ḟཎᮦᩱ➼
࡟ࡼࡿ඲㒊ຠᯝ
ᡤᚓ
ᾘ㈝
μᢿјௐ
ʴ
ᾘ㈝
➨ ḟ
ᡤᚓ
ᾘ㈝
඲ẁ㝵ཎᮦᩱ➼
࡟ࡼࡿ඲㒊ຠᯝ
ᡤᚓ
ᾘ㈝
Ⴚ੗јௐ
ᡤᚓ
➨ ḟཎᮦᩱ➼
࡟ࡼࡿ඲㒊ຠᯝ
ᡤᚓ
ᾘ㈝
ᇹ ഏඬӏјௐ
؏ϋƴဃơǔ˄ь̖͌
➨ ḟ
➨ ḟཎᮦᩱ➼
࡟ࡼࡿ඲㒊ຠᯝ
ᡤᚓ
ᾘ㈝
ᇹ ഏඬӏјௐ
㞠⏝ຠᯝ
ほගᾘ㈝㢠࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
⏕ࡌࡓ඲㒊ຠᯝ
ᡤᚓ
ᾘ㈝
ෞᝲƷμᢿјௐ
৑ࢽƷμᢿјௐ
μᢿјௐ
ʴ
ኺฎඬӏјௐዮ᫇ 24
ᨽဇᎍዮૠ
ʴ
㸴㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ࣭ㄢ㢟
୰ᅜᨻᗓࡀෆ㝣㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ほග⏘ᴗࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ᪉㔪ࢆ❧࡚ࡓᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ ᖺ௨㝆
ᛴ㏿࡟ほග⏘ᴗࡀ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㯇Ụᕷ࡛ࡣࠊほග㛤Ⓨࡢࡶࡘࣉࣛࢫ
ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ⤒῭Ἴཬຠᯝ᥎ィࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㯇Ụᕷ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⤒
῭ⓗຠᯝࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋᮏ᥎ィ࡛ࡣ஺㏻࣭㐠㍺ᴗࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ཰㞟࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ⟬
ฟࡋࡓᩘ್ࡣཧ⪃⛬ᗘ࡟␃ࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀࠊ㯇Ụᕷࢆゼၥࡍࡿほගᐈࡢᾘ㈝ࡀほග⏘ᴗ࡟
㯇Ụᕷ *'3 ࡢ⣙ ๭ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࡯࡝ࡢ௜ຍ౯್㢠ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊ㯇Ụᕷᚑᴗဨᩘࡢ⣙ ๭ࡶࡢ
㞠⏝⪅ࢆ๰ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊほගᐈࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㯇Ụᕷࡣ኱ࡁ࡞฼┈ࢆ
ᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛ࠊྠ᫬࡟ほග㛤
Ⓨࡢࡶࡘ࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡛࠶ࡿỈ㉁ởᰁࡸỈ୙㊊࡞࡝ࡢ῝้࡞⎔ቃၥ㢟࡟ࡶ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ㯇Ụྂᇛෆࢆὶࢀࡿ⋢Ἑࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜㣧ᩱỈ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡯࡝ࡁࢀ࠸࡞Ỉ࡛࠶
ࡗࡓࡀࠊほගᆅ໬ࡀ㐍ࡳእ㒊࠿ࡽ␗࡞ࡿẸ᪘ࡀၟ኎┠ⓗࡔࡅ࡟ࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚௨
᮶ࠊỈᩥ໬ࡢ⩦័ࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸Ẹ᪘ࡀἙ࡟ࡈࡳࢆᢞࡆᤞ࡚ࡓࡾࣔࢵࣉࢆὙࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊ㯇Ụ
ྂᇛࢆὶࢀฟ࡚࠸ࡃ⋢ἙࡢỈࡣ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ⏝㏵࡛ࡶ౑⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡯࡝ởࢀࡓỈ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㯇Ụᕷᨻᗓࡸ⮬἞఍࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾỈ฼⏝᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ┳ᯈࢆᥖࡆࡿ࡞࡝᪂ఫẸ
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᑐ⟇ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ୍ྥ࡟Ỉ㉁ࡀᨵၿࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
㯇Ụᕷࡢ㨩ຊࢆࠕ⮬↛⎔ቃࠖ࡟ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿほගᐈࡀ඲యࡢ⣙ ๭ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
୍้ࡶ᪩ࡃỈ㉁ởᰁࡢၥ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᖺࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ
㯇Ụᕷࢆゼၥࡍࡿほගᐈࡢ ๭௨ୖࡀಶே᪑⾜⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊከࡃேࡀึࡵ࡚
ࡢゼၥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᅇ௨ୖゼၥࡋࡓேࡣ඲యࡢ ๭࡟ࡶ‶ࡓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᖺ௦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ 㹼
௦ࡀ ๭௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵࠊᖺ௦ࡢ೫ࡾࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ෌ゼ⋡ࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊ⏘ᐁẸࡀ༠ຊ
ࡋྜࡗ࡚ᆅᇦࢆ┒ࡾୖࡆࠊᖜᗈ࠸ᖺ௦ࡢほගᐈࡀゼၥࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᕤኵࢆจࡽࡋࠊ୓඲
ࡢཷࡅධࢀయไࢆᩚ࠼࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮏ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ほග㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿᙳ㡪ຊࡢࣉࣛࢫ㠃࠾ࡼࡧ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ
㠃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ௒⌧ᅾᆅᇦ⤒῭ࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢࡲࡲ⥆ࡃ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ
࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᚋ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ほග㛤Ⓨࡢ
ᣢ⥆ᛶࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ♧ࡍᣦᶆ࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࠊ⎔ቃಖㆤࠊఫẸࡢᖾ⚟ᗘࡢ せ⣲
ࢆホ౯ᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚⌧⾜ࡢほග㛤Ⓨࢆᩘ್໬ࡋࠊࡑࡢホ౯ࢆᣦᶆ࡛⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞
ホ౯ࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡣ௒ᅇ౑⏝ࡋࡓ⤒῭Ἴཬຠ
ᯝ᥎ィ࡛ ࡾࠊ⎔ቃಖㆤࡣ &90 ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⎔ቃࢆホ౯ࡋࠊఫẸࡢᖾ⚟ᗘࡣࣈ࣮ࢱ࡛ࣥྲྀࡾධ
ࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅜẸ⥲ᖾ⚟ᗘ㸦*1+㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢆᩘ್໬ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽ せ⣲ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ほග㛤Ⓨࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ほග㛤Ⓨࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛ࡶ௒ᚋࡢᑐ⟇
ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࡶࠊࡇࡢᣦᶆࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤫
୍ࡋࡓホ౯ࡀ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣᆅᇦ㛫ࡲࡓࡣᅜᐙ㛫࡛ࡢẚ㍑ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞
25
ࡾࠊୡ⏺࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿほග㛤Ⓨࡢ⌧ἣࢆ୍┠࡛▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ホ౯ࣔࢹ
ࣝࢆసࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊᮏ◊✲࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓ⤒῭Ἴཬຠᯝ᥎ィࡢᨵၿࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ&90 ࡟ࡼࡿ⎔ቃホ౯
࡛ࡣ௚ࡢ஦౛࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡶࡋࡃࡣ㛤Ⓨ
㏵ୖᅜ࡟㐺ࡋࡓ⎔ቃᨻ⟇ࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ఫẸࡢᖾ⚟ᗘ࡛ࡣࣈ࣮ࢱ࡛ࣥ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᰝ
ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ㄪ࡭ࠊ⎔ቃホ౯ྠᵝࠊ㯇Ụᕷࡶࡋࡃࡣ㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸⟬ฟ᪉
ἲࢆᑟࡁฟࡋࠊほග㛤Ⓨホ౯ࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
26
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
>@ᒣᮧ㧗ῄࠊᙇኳ᪂ࠊ⸨ᮌᗤ௓㸦㸧ࠗୡ⏺㑇⏘࡜ᆅᇦ᣺⯆㹼୰ᅜ㞼༡┬㯇Ụ࡟ࡃࡽࡍ
㹼࠘ୡ⏺ᛮ᝿♫
>@᪥ᮏᨻ⟇㔠⼥බᗜ⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸦㸧ࠗᑠ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀᣦᶆ ࠘
㸦ᰴ㸧୰ᑠ௻ᴗࣜࢧ࣮
ࢳࢭࣥࢱ࣮
>@Ⱳᘷࠊᗉ❧఍㸦D㸧ࠕѭỤᇛᕷỈ䍴※䇴௴ࠖỈ䍴※ಖᣔ➨ ᕳ➨ ᮇ SS
>@Ⱳᘷࠊᶘୡ⍜ࠊゅ፾ᱵࠊᮤᤩ㸦E㸧ࠕ⁜す໭୺せᇛᕷỈ䍴※⧟ቃ䰞仈ศᯒࠖ䍴※⛉
Ꮫ➨ ᕳ➨ ᮇ SS
>@Ⱳᘷࠊᶘୡ⍜㸦㸧ࠕѭỤྂᇛỈ⧟ቃ⧠≧୚䈳᥍ሩ⟇◊✲ࠖ䍴※ᘙਁ୚ᕷ൪ SS
>@⋤す⍆ࠊఱⰷࠊᕐර㸦㸧ࠕѭỤᕷ㓿⍾ਁᒎ୚⧟ቃ⊑ᰁỈᖹⓗය⣔ࠖᆅ⌮◊✲➨ ᕳ➨ ᮇ SS
>@ྻ䭀㸦㸧ࠕ඲ᅜᇛ䭷ᒃẸᾘ䍩㔃ᯊⓗᇎ䇱◊✲ࠖ䲅すߌъ⛉Ꮫ➨ ᮇ SS
>@ᕐἼ㸦㸧ࠕ᪑​ሩ᥋ᚅᆅ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗᾘᯉᙳဤࠖப༡ᐸⱲ኱ᏛᏛᣕ➨ ᕳ➨ ᮇ
SS
27
෉ᢔέ
ɶ‫׎‬ϋᨕᢿƴƓƚǔਤዓӧᏡƳ
ᚇή᧏ႆȢȇȫ
|
|
ɶ‫ܖٻޛ‬Ტɶ‫࠼׎‬ிႾ࠼߸ࠊᲣ
࠰உଐ᳸உଐ
᳸ɶ‫׎‬ᩏҤႾᰯ൶ࠊǛʙ̊ƴ᳸
‫׎‬ᨥңщᄂᆮᅹҦٟᛢᆉ
௅ි Ⴧࡻ
2
ᄂᆮႸႎ
ᰯ൶ࠊƷಒᙲ
ᚇή᧏ႆƱ࿢‫̬ؾ‬μƷɲᇌƷӧᏡࣱ
ăᰯ൶ࠊƴƓƚǔᐯ໱࿢‫ؾ‬ƷྵཞǛ৭੮
| ᰯ൶ࠊǛᚧբƢǔᚇήܲƷཎࣱ
| ᚇήܲƔǒဃơǔᚇήෞᝲƴǑǔኺฎඬӏјௐ
|
࠰Ʒᴛᴶᴈᴘ
ˮፗ
ᩏҤႾᙱ҅ᢿŴෙ৷ኖ O Ʒ᭗Ҿ‫࠘ע‬
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ൟଈлӳ
๮ൟଈ ‫ݲ‬ૠൟଈ ᲢǤଈ Ŵኛᙱଈ Ŵ
Ȫǹଈ ƳƲ ˌɥƷ‫ݲ‬ૠൟଈƕ‫˰އ‬Უ
ᰯ൶ࠊ )&2
ΕΨ
3
4
ᚇή᧏ႆ
|
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ો᪃᧏્ࢸŴඝެᢿƱϋᨕᢿƱƷኺฎ఍ࠀǛ଱ദ
ƢǔƨNJŴ‫ݲ‬ૠൟଈƷ‫˰އ‬Ƣǔ‫؏ע‬ƴᚇήငಅǛ
ӕǓλǕǔ૾ᤆǛᇌƯƨ
ăᰯ൶ࠊƸ࠰ˌᨀᚇή᧏ႆǛਖ਼ᡶ
ȷ࠰ᰯ൶ᆰล᧏ล
ȷ࠰ž7KH2OG7RZQRI/LMLDQJ ᰯ൶Ӟ؉ſƱ
ƠƯᰯ൶ࠊϋƔ৑ƕɭမ૨҄ᢡငƴႇ᥵
ȷ࠰ଝଢƔǒႺᡫЗ៻ƕ᧏ᡫ
5
6
28
ᚇή᧏ႆ
|
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ᩌ‫ޛ‬ƕƦƼƑᇌƭ
ȷࠊϋૠƔ৑ƴ൦ƕิƖЈǔඡƕƋǔ
ᚇήዮӓλ
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ȷ‫ݲ‬ૠൟଈኛᙱଈƷ૎඙ȷኺฎȷ
૨҄Ʒɶ࣎ƱƠƯ௿Ƒƨᣃࠊ
ȷ࠹ሂNjƷඕƕ්ǕƯƍǔ
ă൦૨҄Ǜ᣻ǜơǔ፼ॹ
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7
Ј৑‫ޛ‬஭˂ƀɭမᢡငƱ‫؏ע‬ਰᐻƁ
8
Ј৑Ჴ塤൶࠰鲛塤൶ࠊ଄ฦ‫*ޅ‬2ǑǓ˺঺
൦࿢‫ؾ‬
|
൦࿢‫ؾ‬բ᫆
ᰯ൶ࠊƷ൦เ
|
᱅ᱴ຀Ŵฌฒᝪ൦൷ŴɤளඕƷƔ৑
൦ɧឱ
ᚇή‫҄ע‬ȷȷȷ൦МဇƷ‫ف‬ь
ൢͅ‫٭‬ѣȷȷȷᨀ൦᣽Ʒ‫ف‬ถ
ăྵ‫נ‬Ʒ൦̅ဇ᣽ǛዓƚǔƱŴ‫ݩ‬ஹ൦ɧឱƴƳǔ
ӧᏡࣱƕƋǔ
᱅ᱴ຀Ჴᰯ൶Ӟ؉ǁ̓ዅ
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᱅ᱴ຀ƷᙀΪ൦เ
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ҥˮᲴΕ OC
ᰯ൶Ⴇ‫ע‬ϋ൦᝻เᩔዅᘙ
ᰦ䰤
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؉ࠊဇ൦
ဇ൦ᙫ᣽
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Ј৑Ჴᒕᘷ˂ž塤൶؉ࠊ൦靫เ闫˒ſƓǑƼž⁜ᙱ҅ɼᙲ؉ࠊ൦靫เ緖‫ؾ‬ꀕꊿЎௌſǑǓ˺঺
9
10
Ј৑Ჴᒕ˂ƀ⁜ᙱɼᙲ؉ࠊ൦靫เ緖‫ؾ‬ꀕꊿЎௌƁ
൦࿢‫ؾ‬բ᫆
|
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൦൲௨
|
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᱅ᱴ຀
í᫏ăᰯ൶Ӟ؉λӝ
ï᫏ăЈӝ
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|
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ᚇήܲƓǑƼʙಅ৑ƴ‫ݣ‬ƠƯܱ଀
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Ჴí᫏äเ්
Ჴî᫏ä᫩ဇ
Ჴï᫏ä൦ငဇ
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Ჴñ᫏äᠾಅဇ
Ჴэñ᫏äɥᚡɧӧ
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ྚඕ
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11
12
Ј৑Ჴᰯ൶࠰ᦷŴᒕ˂
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29
ஹᚧᎍǢȳDZȸȈᛦ௹
ᛦ௹ኽௐ
|
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‫׎‬ϋᚇήܲƓǑƼ‫׎ٳ‬ʴᚇήܲ
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ŴளඕӞᦒƷ Ɣ৑
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ᰯ൶ࠊϋưƷෞᝲ᣿᫇
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ᰯ൶ࠊƷ࿢‫ؾ‬ƴ‫ݣ‬Ƣǔᚸ̖
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Ტ‫׎‬ϋᚇήܲ Ŵ‫׎ٳ‬ʴᚇήܲ Უ
13
ᛦ௹ኽௐ
|
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ȷ‫׎ٳ‬ʴᚇήܲƷɶư഑߸ƔǒƷᚇήܲƕ‫ٶ‬ƍ
ģ࠰ᱫ‫ޖ‬ȷ‫ׅ‬ૠȷ࢟७Ĥ
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ȷлƕИNJƯƷᚧբ
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ゼၥྍ⬟
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Ĭᰯ൶ࠊƷƲƜƴ᭽щǛज़ơLJƢƔŵ
Cᐯ໱࿢‫ ؾ‬Dˡወ࡫ሰཋ EȊǷ૨҄
|
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ʻࢸ࿢‫ؾ‬ᚸ̖
%8/ǛᘍƏᨥŴƲƜƴ᣻ໜǛፗƍƯǷȊȪ
„ ྵ‫נ‬Ʒ࿢‫ؾ‬ཞ७ƸǑƍ
„ ɶ‫׎‬ʴƱ‫׎ٳ‬ʴƱƷᙻໜƷᢌƍ
15
ʙಅ৑ǢȳDZȸȈᛦ௹
ᰯ൶ࠊϋʙಅ৑
‫ٻ‬ᄂӞᦒᲢ҅ᧉȷׄ૾ᘑᲣ
ŴளඕӞᦒŴᰯ൶ࠊϋ
ʙಅ৑ƴƭƍƯ
ʙಅ৑ƴƭƍƯ
ȷлˌɥƕ࠰ˌᨀƴ᧏ಅ
ȷᙱҤᢿЈ៲Ʒኺփᎍƕл
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ՠ٥ႸႎưǍƬƯஹƯƍǔ
Ą
૨҄ƷᘔᆳƕឪƜǓࢹŷƴ
ኛᙱ૨҄ƕᕓǕƭƭƋǔ
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|
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‫׎ٳ‬ʴƷлƕž᩼ࠝƴǑƍſ
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Ǫ˺঺ƢǕƹᑣƍƔ৭੮ƢǔƨNJ
‫ئ‬৑
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ĭᰯ൶ࠊƷ࿢‫ؾ‬
žǑƍſäᲟ
‫ݣ‬ᝋ
14
17
30
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ᚇήෞᝲƴǑǔኺฎඬӏјௐ
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ஹᚧᎍƓǑƼʙಅ৑ǢȳDZȸȈᛦ௹ƷᨼᚘኽௐǛؕ
ƴŴᚇήෞᝲƴǑǔኺฎඬӏјௐǛਖ਼ᚘ
| ࠰ƴ‫ם׎‬ʩᡫႾƕ੩՘ƠƨžᚇήෞᝲƴǑǔኺ
ฎඬӏјௐਖ਼ᚘſƷምЈ૾ඥǛӋᎋ
| ᚇήෞᝲƕNjƨǒƢኺฎႎјௐ
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؏ϋƴസǔᚇήෞᝲ᫇
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ɢΨ
ăᰯ൶ࠊ)&2ƷᲟ
ਤዓӧᏡƳᚇή᧏ႆƷƨNJƴȷȷȷ
„ ྵ‫נ‬Ʒ࿢‫ؾ‬ཞ७Ǜዜਤ
„ ൦ឋોծƷƨNJƷ࿢‫ؾ‬૎ሊ
„ ᚇήܲƷȪȔȸȈྙǛɥƛǔ߻‫پ‬
21
31
ᰯ൶ࠊࢼಅՃૠ
ɢʴ
20
ITP ➨஧ᮇḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
㡑ᅜᕷẸ㐠ືࡢṔྐⓗᒎ㛤G
G
⡿ἑ ❳ஓ኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ኱Ꮫ㸦⡿ᅜ㸧
G
ࡣࡌࡵ࡟G
➨X❶㸸^Wᖺ௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢⓏሙ࡜ࡑࡢ≉ᚩG
➨Y❶㸸_Wᖺ௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢศ⿣࡜ᕷẸ㐠ືゝㄝࡢㄌ⏕G
G
➨X⠇㸸rzjm ࡢศ⿣G
G
➨Y⠇㸸€tjh ࡢ㐠ື㊰⥺ࢆࡵࡄࡿⴱ⸨࡜ᕷẸ㐠ືゝㄝࡢⓏሙG
➨Z❶㸸_`ᖺࡢ⤒ᐇ㐃⤖ᡂ࡜ᕷẸ㐠ືゝㄝࡢ෌ᵓᡂG
⤊ࢃࡾ࡟G
G
G
ࡣࡌࡵ࡟G
G
X`_^ᖺࡢẸ୺໬௨㝆ࠊ㡑ᅜᨻ἞ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛ࡣᕷẸ㐠ືࡀᛴ⃭࡟ὀ┠ࢆᾎࡧࠊᏑᅾឤࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࠋ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟ࡶᕷẸ㐠ືᅋయࡢάືࡀ኱ࡁࡃྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿ୍᪉ࠊᏛ఍࡛ࡶ㡑ᅜࡢᕷẸ
♫఍ࡢᡂ㛗࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽᕷẸ㐠ືࢆ◊✲ᑐ㇟࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ≉࡟ࠊẸ୺໬ᚋࡢᨻඪయไࡀᆅ
ᇦ࡜࠸࠺ᑐ❧㍈࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡸࠊᶒጾ୺⩏యไ࠿ࡽ⥆ࡃᨻ἞⭉ᩋ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚⯡ࡢேࠎ
ࡢᨻ἞୙ಙࡣᙉࡃࠊᕷẸᅋయ࡟ᑐࡍࡿಙ㢗࡜ᨭᣢࡀᨻඪ࣭ᨻᗓࢆୖᅇࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄪᰝࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ
㸦ࣁ࣭ࢫࣥࢳࣕࣥࠊYWWW㸧ࠋ㡑ᅜࡢ♫఍㐠ື◊✲⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊᕷẸ㐠ືᅋయࡀୡㄽࡢᨭᣢࢆཷࡅ
ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ᨻඪ࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚ࠕ௦㆟ࢆ௦⾜ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦藀ὃဴࠊYWWW㸧࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀฟࡿ࡯࡝ࡔࡗ
ࡓࠋG
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ẹ୺໬ᚋࡢ㡑ᅜᨻ἞࡟࠾࠸࡚ᕷẸ㐠ືᅋయࡀ࡞ࡐᾋୖࡋࠊᙳ㡪ຊࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡓࡢ
࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡀ➹⪅ࡢ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ព㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㡑ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᖹ➼ࡢᐇ⌧࡜ཧຍࡢᐇ㊶
࡜࠸࠺Ẹ୺୺⩏ࡢ౯್ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐇయ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊᐇయ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࡑࡢཎືຊ
ࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊᨻ἞࣭♫఍ⓗኚ໬ࢆồࡵࡿ㞟ྜ⾜Ⅽࡀᨻ
⟇ࡶࡋࡃࡣேࠎࡢ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ᮲௳ࡣᅜᐙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ␗࡞ࡿࠋ㡑ᅜࡢᕷẸ㐠ືࡢ
ᡂຌ࡜㝈⏺ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫఍ⓗ࣭ᨻ἞ⓗ᮲௳ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜࡢᨻ἞
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ௚ᅜࡢ㐠ື࡜ࡢẚ㍑࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
32
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㡑ᅜࡢᕷẸ㐠ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣไᗘⓗࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝ௨
እࡢ᪉ἲ࡛♫఍ኚ㠉ࢆồࡵࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㞟ྜⓗ⾜Ⅽࢆࠕ♫఍㐠ືࠖX࡜⠊␪໬ࡋࡘࡘࠊ㐠ືࡢ┠ⓗ
ࡸ୺య࡟ࡼࡗ࡚♫఍㐠ືࡢྡ⛠ࢆ౑࠸ศࡅࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᕷẸ㐠ືࡶ♫఍㐠ືࡢୗ఩㢮
ᆺ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊẸ୺໬௨๓ࡢ㐠ືࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞୺య࡛࠶ࢀᅜᐙ࡟ࡼࡿไ⣙ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࡑࢀ࡟᢬ᢠࡍࡿᛶ᱁ࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊໟᣓⓗ࡟ࠕẸ୺໬㐠ືࠖ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࢳ࣭ࣙ
ࣄࣚࣥࠊYWXW㸧ࠋẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢ୰᰾ࢆᢸࡗࡓࡢࡀࠕẸ⾗㐠ື࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋẸ⾗㐠ື࡜ࡣࠊࠕᅜᐙ࡜
ࡑࢀࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ᪤ᚓᶒ┈ᒙ࡟ᢚᅽࡉࢀࡓẸ⾗ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿࠕゎᨺ㐠ືࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊᶒጾ୺⩏యไ
࡜ᑐ❧ࡋࠊయไ㌿᥮ࢆక࠺Ẹ୺໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢẸ⾗࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀX`_Wᖺ௦࡟࣐ࣝ
ࢡࢫ୺⩏ࡢປാ⪅㝵⣭࡜ࡋ࡚෌ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡣู࡟ࠕ㝵⣭ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᕷẸ࡟ࡼࡿ♫఍ኚ
㠉ࠖࢆ┠ᣦࡍᕷẸ㐠ືࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࠋX`_`ᖺ࡟タ❧ࡉࢀࠊᕷẸ㐠ືᅋయࡢ୰ᚰⓗ఩⨨࡟ᾋୖࡋࡓ
⤒῭ṇ⩏ᐇ㊶ᕷẸ㐃ྜ㸦௨ୗࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃࡜␎⛠㸧ࡣࠊᕷሙ⤒῭࡜࠸࠺యไࢆཷࡅධࢀࠊẸ୺໬ᚋ
ࡢᨻ἞యไࢆᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ᨵ㠉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ᐇ⏝㊰⥺ࢆ୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡣࠊᕷሙ⤒῭ࡢຠ⋡ᛶ
ᨵၿࠊ୙ື⏘㛵㐃࢖ࢩ࣮ࣗࡢゎỴࠊ㈈㛸ᨵ㠉ࢆ┠ᶆ࡟ᚎி㘏ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟タ❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡣࠊ
X`_^ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢ୺⩼ࢆᢸࡗࡓẸ⾗㐠ື࡟ྲྀࡗ࡚௦ࢃࡾࠊX``Wᖺ௦࡟ᕷẸ㐠ືࡢ୺ᙺ
࡜ࡋ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ὀ┠ࢆᾎࡧࡓࠋG
ࡓࡔࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢᕷẸ㐠ືࡀ㡑ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚඲ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ౛
ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊᚎி㘏㸦ࢯ࣭ࢠࣙࣥࢯࢡ㸧∾ᖌࢆࡣࡌࡵタ❧࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀX`^Wᖺ௦ࡢẸ୺໬㐠
ືࡢ୺⩼ࢆᢸࡗࡓⅬࠊࡉࡽ࡟Ẹ୺໬㐠ືࡢX㒊㛛࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㟷ᖺ࣭
Ꮫ⏕㐠ືࡢ⤌⧊ⓗ࣭⌮ᛕⓗศ⿣ࡀ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࠾ࡼࡧ⤌⧊ᵓᡂ࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ
୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡞࡝ࠊẸ୺໬㐠ື࠿ࡽࡢ㐃⥆ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊX``Wᖺ௦࡟ᕷẸ㐠ືࡀά
㌍ࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠕ⥲ྜⓗᕷẸᅋయࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚Ẹ୺໬ᚋࡢ㡑ᅜᨻ
἞࡟Ꮡᅾឤࢆ♧ࡋࡓ⤒ᐇ㐃ࢆᕷẸ㐠ືࡢ୍ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࡑࡢᡂ❧㐣⛬ࢆࡓ࡝ࡿࡇ࡜
࡛㡑ᅜᕷẸ㐠ືࡢ≉ᚩࢆᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋG
ᮏ✏࡛ὀ┠ࡍࡿ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢタ❧㐣⛬ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊ➨୍࡟X`^Wᖺ௦࠿ࡽ✚ᴟⓗ࡟♫఍㐠ື࡟ཧຍࡋ
ࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕࣭㟷ᖺ㐠ືࡢ⣔㆕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕࣭㟷ᖺ㐠ືࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢಙ௮࡜
♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿᐇ㊶࡜࠸࠺஧ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡢᙉᙅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊูࠎࡢ⤌⧊ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋ㈋ᅔᒙࢆ
♫఍ᵓ㐀ࡢኚ㠉࠿ࡽᩆ῭ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓໃຊࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊከᵝ࡞⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘேࠎࡢព㆑ࢆ
ኚ㠉ࡋ࡚Ẹ୺୺⩏ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓໃຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᚋ⪅ࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡋࡘࡘࠊᕷẸ㐠ືࡢ⌮ᛕࢆᵓᡂࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊᚋࡢ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ⤌⧊໬࡟ࡘ࡞
ࡀࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄽࡌࡿࠋ➨஧࡟ࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃タ❧⪅ࡢᚎி㘏ࡢே⬦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ⤌⧊ⓗᇶ┙ࡣ࢟
ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢ୍ὴ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡀࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡣ⣧⢋࡞࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືᅋయ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
♫఍㐠ືࡣཝ᱁࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୍⩏ⓗ࡟ࡣほᐹ⪅ࡢศ㢮࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊ♫఍㐠ືࡢᮏ㉁
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㟼ែⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㸦♫఍ไᗘ㸧࡟ືែ㸦ኚື㸧ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦㧗␊ࠊX`^]㸧ࠋ
33
࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㛵ಀ⪅௨እ࡟ࡶከᩘࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡀཧຍࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡽࡣᚎி㘏ࡢಶேⓗ࡞ே⬦
࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋᚎி㘏ࡢே⬦ᙧᡂࡀ]Wᖺ௦࣭^Wᖺ௦࡟⾜ࢃࢀࠊᚎி㘏ࡢᅋయཧຍ࿧ࡧ
࠿ࡅ࡟ཧ⏬ࡋࡓேࠎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ึᮇ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢᛶ᱁ࡶࡲࡓつᐃࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡇࡢYࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀ
ᕷẸᅋయࢆ≉ᚩ௜ࡅࡓࡢ࠿ࢆㄽࡌࡿࡢࡀᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
G
➨X❶㸸^Wᖺ௦Ẹ୺໬㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࡢᾋୖG
G
➨X⠇㸸࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయ࡟ࡼࡿẸ୺໬㐠ືG
G
X`_`ᖺ࡟⤒ᐇ㐃ࡀ⮬ࡽࢆᕷẸ㐠ື࡜つᐃࡋ࡚Ⓨ㊊ࡍࡿ௨๓࠿ࡽ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣᕷẸ㐠ື࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ
ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋX`_`ᖺ௨๓ࡢ᪂⪺グ஦࠿ࡽᕷẸ㐠ື࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒࢆྵࡴグ஦ࢆ᳨⣴ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ
X`]Wᖺ௦࠿ࡽ^Wᖺ௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣࠊ⏕ά࣐ࢼ࣮ࡢྥୖࢆッ࠼ࡿᐁẸඹྠࡢ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࢆᕷẸ㐠
ື࡜࿧ࡧࠊ୍⯡ᕷẸ⏕ά࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲ⛛ᗎࡸ♫఍⛛ᗎࢆᏲࡿࡼ࠺ၨⵚࡍࡿࢫࢱ࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜
ࡀఛ࠼ࡿYࠋࡲࡓࠊ_Wᖺ௦࡟ࡣබᐖၥ㢟࡟➃ࢆⓎࡋࡓ⎔ቃ㐠ືࡸࠊཎⓎ཯ᑐ㐠ືࠊᾘ㈝⪅㐠ື࡞
࡝ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㐠ືࡣඹྠయ࡟ఫࡴࠕᕷẸࠖࡢࠕᶒ฼ࠖࢆ୺ᙇࡋࠊ
⏕άࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ⓗࡔࡗࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ^Wᖺ௦࠿ࡽ_Wᖺ௦ࡢᕷẸ㐠ື࡜ࡣࠊᕷẸࢆࠕၨ
ⵚࠖࡍࡿ࠿ࠊᕷẸࡢࠕᶒ฼ࠖࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠕᕷẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠖ㐠ື࡟୺║ࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㐠ືࡣ⾜ᨻ࡟୺ᑟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከࡃࠊ㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ୺యࡶ⾜ᨻ࡟ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡓྜἲⓗ
ᅋయ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᶒጾ୺⩏యไ࠿ࡽẸ୺୺⩏యไ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࢆồࡵࡿ㐠ື࡟ᚑ஦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ
ேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣぶయไⓗ㐠ື࡜ᫎࡗࡓࠋG
X`_^ᖺࡢẸ୺໬ࡲ࡛ࡢ♫఍㐠ືࡣᶒጾ୺⩏యไ࡟᢬ᢠࡋ࡚Ẹ୺୺⩏యไࢆᶞ❧ࡋࠊᨻ἞ⓗ⮬
⏤ࡸᇶᮏⓗ⮬⏤ᶒࡢಖ㞀ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡶࡢࡀ኱㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࡸ▱㆑ேࠊປാᅋయࠊ㎰Ẹᅋయࠊ
᐀ᩍᅋయ࡞࡝ࡀྛ⮬ࡢ┠ᶆࢆᣢࡕ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ஫࠸࡟༠ຊࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊX`_^ᖺ
௨๓ࡢྛ㐠ືࢆẸ୺໬㐠ື࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸㸦ࢳ࣭ࣙࣄࣚࣥࠊYWXW㸧ࠋ G
Ẹ୺໬㐠ືࡢᒎ㛤࡟࠾࠸࡚㡑ᅜࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡀᯝࡓࡋࡓᙺ๭ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ㡑ᅜࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫ
ࢱࣥࢺᅋయࡣ኱ࡁࡃಖᏲὴ࡜ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴࡀẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢ
୍⩼ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴࡢ㐠ືࢆྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡢࡀ㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍᩍ఍༠㆟఍
㸦rujj㸧Z࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ஺㏻࣐ࢼ࣮ྥୖ㐠ືࡸ㐪ἲ㟢ኳၟ᦬Ⓨ㐠ືࠊࡓࡤࡇ࣏࢖ᤞ࡚᧞⁛㐠ື࡞࡝ࡀࢯ࢘ࣝᕷ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᥎
㐍ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᮅ㩭᪥ሗX`_ZᖺY᭶\᪥௜XW㠃㸧
ࠋ
X`]]ᖺᙜ᫬ࠊ኱㡑࢖࢚ࢫᩍ㛗⪁఍⤫ྜὴࠊ኱㡑ᇶ╩ᩍ㛗⪁఍ࠊᇶ╩ᩍ኱㡑┘⌮఍㸦࣓ࢯࢪࢫࢺὴ㸧ࠊᩆୡ㌷ࠊ
኱㡑⪷බ఍ࠊᇶ╩ᩍ኱㡑⚟㡢ᩍ఍࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺಙ⪅ࡢZศࡢXࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Ẹ୺໬㐠ື
グᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWW`㸸Z]W㸧ࠋ
34
ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺᅋయࡣ^Wᖺ௦࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡞Ẹ୺໬㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋጞࡵ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦Ẹ୺໬㐠ືグᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWW`㸸Z]W㸧ࠋࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊ➨୍࡟ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞⚄Ꮫഴ
ྥࡢኚ໬ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋX`]Wᖺ௦ࡲ࡛ࡢࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺᩍᅋࡣࠊಶேⓗ㟋ᛶ࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸࡚ᐉ
ᩍࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡯࠿ࠊᨻᶒࡼࡾࡢែᗘࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᨻᶒ࠿ࡽྛ✀ᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ♫఍
ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ពぢ⾲᫂ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ࢳ࣭ࣙࣅࣙࣥ࣍ࠊYWW\㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊX`]Wᖺ௦࡟
࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࡢࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴࡀୡ⏺ᩍ఍༠㆟఍㸦~jj㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࢚࣓࢟ࣗࢽ࢝ࣝ㐠
ື㸦ᩍ఍୍⮴㐠ື㸧࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡛ࠊࠕ⚄ࡢᐉᩍࠖ⚄Ꮫ[ࡸゎᨺ⚄Ꮫ\ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࠊᐉᩍ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿ㔜Ⅼࡀಶேࡢ㟋ᛶ࠿ࡽ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄ࡢពᚿࡢᐇ⌧࡟⛣ࡗࡓ㸦࣒࣭࢟ࣚࣥ࢖ࣝࠊX`_[㸧ࠋࡑ
ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊX`]Wᖺ௦ࡢ➨Zୡ⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈋ᅔ≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣛࢸࣥ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟
࠾ࡅࡿ୍㒊᪤ᚓᶒᒙࡀ኱ከᩘࡢ㈋ᅔᒙࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺♫఍▩┪ࡸ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࡢ⤯ᑐ㈋ᅔࢆ┠๓
࡟ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢᙺ┠ࡣᚑ᮶ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ಶேࡢᩆ῭ࢆㄽࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⮬┬ࡢ
ᛕࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋX`]\ᖺࡢ ~jj ࢪࣗࢿ࣮ࣈ኱఍࡛ࡣࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ♫఍ཧຍ
ࢆㅻࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦࣒࣭࢟ࣚࣥ࢖ࣝࠊX`_[㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦᝟࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయ࡟ࡼࡿ♫఍㐠
ື㸦௨ୗࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື࡜␎⛠㸧ࡀⓏሙࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡿࠋG
➨஧࡟ࠊᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡢ㌷஦ᨻᶒࡀᨻᶒ⥔ᣢࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᨻ἞ⓗ⮬⏤ࡢᢚᅽࢆᙉࡵࡓᨻ἞ⓗ≧ἣ
ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ᨻᶒᢈุࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿
ࡀX`]`ᖺࠊ᠇ἲࡢ኱⤫㡿Z㑅⚗Ṇつᐃࡢᨵṇࢆヨࡳࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࡁࡗ࠿ࡅࡔࡗࡓࠋᙜ᫬ࡢ㔝ඪ㛵ಀ
⪅ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊᏛ⏕ࡸᩥ໬ே࡞࡝ࡣᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡢ㠀ྜἲⓗ࡞ᨻᶒ⥔ᣢࡢヨࡳ࡟ᙉຊ࡟཯ᑐࡋ
ࡓࡀࠊࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ⣔ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴࡢᩍᅋ࡛࠶ࡿ㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍ㛗⪁఍]ࡢ㔠ᅾಇ㸦࣒࣭࢟ࢪ࢙ࢪࣗ
ࣥ㸧∾ᖌࡀ཯ᑐ㐠ື࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡾࠊᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡢZ㑅཯ᑐ㐠ື࡟࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔
ᅋయࡶཧຍࡋ࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ^ࠋ⤖ᒁࠊᮔṇ⇊ᨻᶒࡣX`^Yᖺ࡟ᡄཝ௧ࢆᐉᕸࠊ⾜ᨻ࣭❧ἲ࣭ྖ
ἲࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᶒຊࢆ኱⤫㡿࡟㞟୰ࡉࡏࡿ⥔᪂᠇ἲࢆไᐃࡋࠊ཯యไὴࡢ㐠ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙎᅽࢆࡉ
ࡽ࡟ᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞యไ㸦⥔᪂యไ㸧ࡣ཯యไὴ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
ᙎᅽࢆࡉࡽ࡟ᙉࡵࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࢆ㐠ືࡢ୰ᚰ࡟ᾋୖࡉࡏࡿせ⣲࡜࡞ࡿࠋG
⚄ࡢᐉᩍ⚄Ꮫࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᐉᩍࡀᩍ఍୺య࡛ಶே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᩍᅋࡢศ⿣ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊᩍ఍ࢆ
⭾ᙇࡉࡏࠊᩍ఍ෆ࡟άືࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᢈุࡋࠊᐉᩍࡢ୺యࡣ⚄࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐉᩍࡢሙࡣୡ⏺࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
ᙉㄪࡋࡓ㸦࣒࣭࣑࢟ࣙࣥ࣋ࠊYWW`㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐉᩍࡢ⬺ᩍ఍୺⩏࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍಙ⪅ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞♫఍ཧຍ࡟
ࡼࡿᐉᩍࢆ୺ᙇࡋࠊ⚟㡢୺⩏࡜ࡢ❧ሙ࡜ࡣỴᐃⓗ࡟ᑐ❧ࡋࡓࠋ
ゎᨺ⚄Ꮫࡣ⚄ࡢᐉᩍ⚄Ꮫࡢ♫఍▩┪࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࢆࡉࡽ࡟᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࠊ♫఍ၥ㢟ࡢᵓ㐀ᝏ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㠉࿨ࢆ୺ᙇࡋ
ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୺ᙇࡣ࣐ࣝࢡࢫ୺⩏ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗศᯒᡭἲࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࠊᵓ㐀ᝏࢆక࠺Ⓨᒎ࠿ࡽே㛫ࢆゎᨺࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄽ
ࡌࡓ㸦࣒࣭࣑࢟ࣙࣥ࣋ࠊYWW`㸧ࠋ
㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍ㛗⪁఍ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺὴࡢ୍ᩍὴ࡛࠶ࡿࠋX`\Zᖺࠊ㔠ᅾಇ㸦࣒࣭࢟ࢪ࢙ࢪࣗࣥ㸧∾ᖌ
ࡀ⮬⏤୺⩏⚄Ꮫࢆཷࡅධࢀࠊ⪷᭩ゎ㔘ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆッ࠼ࡓࡓࡵࠊ኱㡑࢖࢚ࢫᩍ㛗⪁ὴ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡉࢀࡓࠋ㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍ㛗
⪁఍ࡣࡑࡢ⮬⏤୺⩏ⓗ࣭㐍Ṍⓗ❧ሙ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Ẹ୺໬㐠ືࡢ㟷ᖺᏛ⏕⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿࠕẸ୺Ᏺㆤ඲ᅜ㟷ᖺᏛ⏕⥲㐃┕ࠖ࠾ࡼࡧ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࡢࠕẸ୺Ᏺㆤᇶ╩
㟷ᖺ༠㆟఍ࠖࡀ㑅ᣲ┤๓ࡢX`^Xᖺ[᭶⤖ᡂࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయ௨እࡣࡍ࡭࡚ᙎᅽࡉࢀࡓ㸦ࢳ࣭ࣙࣅࣙࣥ
࣍ࠊYWW\㸧
35
ᙜ᫬ࡢ཯యไὴࡢ㐠ືࡣ୺࡟ᨻ἞ཧຍࡉ࠼ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㔝ඪᨻ἞ᐙࠊẸ୺໬ࢆせồ
ࡍࡿゝㄽ࣭▱㆑ே_ࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᢸࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⥔᪂యไୗࡢᙎᅽࡣᐜ㉧࡞ࡃࠊẸ୺໬
ࢆせồࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࠊᩍᤵࠊ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑㛵ಀ⪅࡞࡝ࡣ⫋ࡸᏛ⡠ࢆ๤ዣࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊᣊ᮰ࡉࢀ࡚ᑜၥࡸᣝ
ၥࢆཷࡅࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤࡔࡗࡓࠋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊึࡵ࡟࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ
⏕ᅋయࡀ཯యไⓗ㐠ືࢆጞࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕ᅋయ࡛࠶ࡿ㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍᏛ⏕఍⥲㐃
┕㸦rzjm㸧`ࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣୗ࡛Ꮫ⏕㐠ືࢆ⋡ඛࡍࡿ❧ሙ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ➨୍࡟ࠊᏛ⏕㐠ື
ࡀᙎᅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ⴎ⦰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ୰ࠊᏛ⏕㐠ື࡟ᚑ஦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕ࡀ඲ᅜࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟Ꮡᅾ
ࡍࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⤌⧊ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿXWࠋࡍ࡛࡟ᙎᅽࡢᑐ㇟࡜
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᏛ⏕㐠ືࡣྛ኱ᏛࡢᏛ⏕఍ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ࢟ࣕࣥ
ࣃࢫෆ࡛ࡢࢹࣔࢆ⾜࠺ࡢࡶᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣୗ࡛ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕఍ࡢ඲ᅜ
ⓗ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣᏛ⏕㐠ືࡢ඲ᅜᒎ㛤࡟࠾࠸࡚㈗㔜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋX`^Zᖺ[᭶࡟ࡣ࢟ࣜ
ࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕࡟ࡼࡿࢹࣔࡢヨࡳࡀᙎᅽࡉࢀࠊrzjm ࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡽXXࡀᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡿ஦௳㸦༡ᒣ᚟
ά⠇♩ᣏ஦௳㸧ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ஦௳ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ∾ᖌࡸᩍᅋࠊrujj ࡶ཯⥔᪂య
ไࡢጼໃࢆᙉࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦rzjmࠊX``\㸧ࠋG
࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືᅋయ࡜⥔᪂యไࡀỴᐃⓗ࡟ᑐ❧ࡍࡿዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣX`^[ᖺ[᭶ࡢẸ㟷Ꮫ㐃
஦௳ࡔࡗࡓࠋẸ㟷Ꮫ㐃஦௳ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿᏛ⏕㐠ື⤌⧊࡜ࡑࢀࢆ⫼ᚋ࡛ᨭ᥼ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡓᅾ㔝ேኈࡀ⥭ᛴᥐ⨨[ྕXY࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚ᩧ࡟᳨ᣲࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᏛ⏕㐠ື࠾ࡼࡧᅾ㔝ࡢẸ୺
໬㐠ືໃຊ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣᣦᑟຊ࡜⤌⧊ࢆኻ࠺ᡴᧁ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ஦௳ࡣ๓㏙ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ
ᩍ⣔ᅋయࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀ฼⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊᏛ⏕㐠ື⣔XZ࡜࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕఍ࢆ⤖ࡪᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓ
ࡋࡓ rzjm ᐇົ⪅Y]ேࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊrzjm ࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ rujj ࡢᮔⅥᆂ㸦ࣃ
ࢡ࣭ࣄࣙࣥࢠࣗ㸧∾ᖌࡸ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡࡢụᏛ῟㸦ࢳ࣭ࣁࢡࢫࣥ㸧୺ᩍࡶ㐊ᤕࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࡋࡓࠋࡇ
ࡢ஦௳ࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ඲య࡟୚࠼ࡓ⾪ᧁࡣ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋG
ᨻ἞ไᗘࡢᯟእ࡛Ẹ୺໬ࢆせồࡍࡿேࠎࢆ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣᅾ㔝࡜࿧ࡪࠋ㏻ᖖࠊࡇࡢ⏝ㄒࡣ㏻ᖖࠊ▱㆑ேࡸసᐙࠊ᐀ᩍ
㛵ಀ⪅ࠊゝㄽ㛵ಀ⪅࡞࡝Ꮫ⏕㐠ືࡸປാ㐠ື࡟ᒓࡉ࡞࠸ேࠎࢆᣦࡋ࡚౑ࢃࢀࡿࠋ
㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍᏛ⏕఍⥲㐃┕㸦rzjm㸧ࡣX`[`ᖺ࡟タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍಙ⪅ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ⮬἞⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡾࠊrujj
ຍ┕]ᩍᅋ࠿ࡽࡢᚋ᥼ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍᩍᤵ༠㆟఍ࡢᣦᑟࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᚎி㘏ࡢࢥ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ୍⯡Ꮫ⏕㐠ື࡜࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕㐠ືࡣඹ࡟⥔᪂᠇ἲࡢᨵṇ࡜࠸࠺┠ᶆࢆ❧࡚ࠊ
rzjm ࡢ඲ᅜⓗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐠ືࡢᣑ኱ࢆ≺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺
㸦››—aVVžžžUšœ’ œ•Žšœ’U—ŒU’™V‰‰šVŒžU——f‹dŠ–“œ”•M—ˆŽŒd`Mš•XdM‹—ˆŽŒdXMš•d–Mššd–•Mš
Šd–•MšŒ“ŒŠ›†ˆ™™ˆ•ŽŒdšœ‰‘ŒŠ›M‹ŒšŠd‹ŒšŠM•–dY__ࠊYWXXᖺ[᭶XX᪥ྲྀᚓ㸧
ᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡓᏛ⏕ࡣࠊrzjm ఍㛗ࢼ࣭ࢯࣥࢠࠊ఍ဨࢯ࣭ࢳࣕࣥࢯࢡࠊࢳ࣭࣑ࣙࣥࣙࣥࢠࠊࣇ࢓࣭ࣥ࢖ࣥࢯࣥࠊ
࢖࣭ࢧࣥࣘࣥ࡞࡝ࡔࡗࡓ㸦ࢳ࣭ࣙࣅࣙࣥ࣍ࠊYWW\㸧ࠋ
⥔᪂᠇ἲ࡛ࡣ኱⤫㡿࡟యไࢆ⬣࠿ࡍ⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ฎ⨩ࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ⥭ᛴᥐ⨨ᶒࢆ௜୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨[ྕ࡛
ࡣ඲ᅜẸ୺㟷ᖺᏛ⏕⥲㐃┕㸦Ẹ㟷Ꮫ㐃㸧࡜ࡑࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᅋయ࡟ຍධࠊຍᢸࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⚗ࡌࡓ㸦ᚎ຾ࠊYWWZ㸧ࠋ
ࢥ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜Ꮫ⏕㐠ືࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ࢖࣭ࢳࣙࣝࠊ࣭ࣘ࢖ࣥࢸࠊ࣭ࣘࢢࣥ࢖ࣝ࡞࡝ࡔࡗࡓࠋ
36
ከࡃࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືᐙࡀᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⤌⧊ࡀከࡃධᒃࡍࡿ㚝㊰\⾤ࡢᇶ
╩ᩍ఍㤋ࡣᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡓ㐠ືᐙࡢᐙ᪘ࡽࡀ㔘ᨺࢆồࡵ࡚♳⚏ࡍࡿ✵㛫X[࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㛵ಀ
⪅ᐙ᪘ࡢ♳⚏఍࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓࡇࡢ㐠ື✵㛫ࡣࡸࡀ࡚ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔௨እࡢ㐠ືᐙࡢ㔘ᨺࢆồࡵ
ࡿேࠎࡀ㞟ࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣẸ୺໬㐠ື࡟ຍᢸࡋ࡚⫋ࢆ㏣ࢃࢀࡓᩍᤵX\ࡸ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑㛵ಀ
⪅ࠊ㏥ᏛࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓᏛ⏕ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚㐃ᖏ㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺ሙࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓࠋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼
ࡓẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢሙࡀᇶ╩ᩍ఍㤋ࡸ᫂Ὕ⪷ᇽ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ✵㛫ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ
᐀ᩍᅋయ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙎᅽࡀ௚ࡢᅋయ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙎᅽࡼࡾࡶ⛬ᗘࡀᙅ࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿX]ࠋ㞟఍ࡢ⮬⏤
ࡶไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᨻ἞ⓗ≧ἣ࡛ࠊᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡓ㐠ືᐙࡢ㔘ᨺࢆせồ࡛ࡁࡿ၏୍ࡢሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືᐙࡢᗘ㔜࡞ࡿ㐊ᤕ࣭ᣊ᮰ࡣ㉺ᶒ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊேᶒ౵ᐖ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇࡢୗࠊ
rujj ୗ࡟ேᶒጤဨ఍ࡀX`^[ᖺ࡟ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋேᶒጤဨ఍ࡣᣊ᮰㐠ືᐙࡢᐙ᪘࡟ࡼࡿ㔘ᨺせồ
ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᆅᇦ༢఩ࡢ⤌⧊సࡾࡸἲᚊᨭ᥼άືࠊ᫬ᒁᢈุ࡞࡝Ẹ୺໬㐠ືࡢ୰ᚰ࡟❧ࡗࡓ
㸦Ẹ୺໬㐠ືグᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWW`㸧ࠋX`^Wᖺ௦ࡢẸ୺໬㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ୰ᚰᛶ
ࡣࠊᮔⅥᆂ∾ᖌࡸᩥ┈↵㸦࣒࣭ࣥ࢖ࢡࣇ࢓ࣥ㸧∾ᖌࡸᚎ༡ྠ㸦ࢯ࣭ࢼ࣒ࢻࣥ㸧∾ᖌ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣜ
࣮ࢲ࣮ࡢ㍮ฟࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㔝ඪᨻ἞ᐙࡸ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑㛵ಀ⪅࡜ඹྠ࡛యไᢈุࢆᩍ఍࡛⾜ࡗࡓ࡜࠸
ࡗࡓ஦ᐇ࠿ࡽࡶᇉ㛫ぢ࠼ࡿࠋX`^]ᖺࡢZUXẸ୺ᩆᅜᐉゝࡸ⩣ᖺࡢẸ୺ᩆᅜ᠇❶⨫ྡ㐠ືࡣ࢟ࣜࢫ
ࢺᩍࡢ⤌⧊ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡓ㸦Ẹ୺໬グᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWW`㸧ࠋG
୍᪉࡛ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕㐠ືࢆྵࡴᏛ⏕㐠ື඲యࡀᣦᑟ⪅ࡢᣊ᮰࡛⤌⧊ࡀ⎰ゎࡋࠊᙅయ໬ࡋ
ࡓࡓࡵࠊ኱Ꮫࢆ༞ᴗࡋࡓ㐠ື⤒㦂⪅㸦㟷ᖺ㸧ࡢᙺ๭ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋྛᩍ఍ࡢ㟷ᖺ఍ࡀ㐃
ྜࡋ࡚X`^]ᖺ࡟㡑ᅜᇶ╩㟷ᖺ༠㆟఍㸦l€jr㸧ࢆ⤖ᡂࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛Ꮫ⏕㐠ືࡀ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ
࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓẸ୺໬せồࢹࣔࢆᩍ఍࡛⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ
㟷ᖺ㐠ືࡣປാ㐠ືࡸ㈋Ẹ㐠ືࡢ⌧ሙ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚⌧ሙࡢ⤌⧊໬ࢆ⋡ඛࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞࡝㔜せ࡞ᙺ
๭ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ^Wᖺ௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯యไⓗ㟷ᖺ⤌⧊ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ࡀ၏୍ࡔࡗࡓ㸦Ẹ୺໬グᛕ஦ᴗ
఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWW`㸧ࠋG
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⥔᪂యไୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡣᙜ᫬ࡢྛ㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᚰࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࡢάືࡀ㔝ඪᨻ἞ᐙࡸⴭྡ㐠ືᐙࢆᘬࡁ㎸ࡳ࡞ࡀࡽ୍ࡘࡢ཯యไ㐠ືࢆᙧᡂ
ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ⣔ᩍᅋࡢ༠㆟య࡛࠶ࡿ rujj ᡤᒓࡢ㐠ືᐙࡣୗ㒊⤌⧊ࡢ
rzjm ࡸ l€jrࠊࡲࡓேᶒጤဨ఍࡞࡝ࢆᵓᡂࡋࠊᏛ⏕࠿ࡽ㟷ᖺࠊࡑࡋ࡚▱㆑ே࡟࠸ࡓࡿࡲ࡛య
ไ࡟ࡼࡿᙎᅽ࡟཯ᢠࡍࡿᇶ┙ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋrzjm ࡢᙎᅽ࠿ࡽ㟷ᖺࡸ∾ᖌࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢ
࣒࣭࢟ࢧࣥࢢࣥ∾ᖌࠊ࢖࣭࣊ࢻࣥ∾ᖌࡀࡲ࡜ࡵᙺ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࠕᮌ᭙♳⚏఍ࠖࡀ㛤࠿ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦࢖࣭ࢢࣥ
ࢯࣥࠊX`_[㸧ࠋ
⥔᪂యไ࡟཯ᑐࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛ゎ⫋ࡉࢀࡓ኱Ꮫᩍᤵࡣከᩘ࡟ୖࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣከᩘࡢ㡑ᅜᇶ╩⪅ᩍ
ᤵ༠㆟఍ࡢ఍ဨࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓゎ⫋ᩍᤵࡽࡀ㡑ᅜゎ⫋ᩍᤵ༠㆟఍ࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࠊேᶒ㐠ື࠾ࡼࡧẸ୺໬
㐠ືࢆ୺ᑟࡋࡓ㸦Ẹ୺໬㐠ືグᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWW`㸧ࠋ
㡑ᅜẸ୺໬㐠ືྐYཧ↷ࠋ
37
ேࠎࡀ㐠ືᐙ㔘ᨺせồࡸேᶒᨵၿせồࠊࡑࡋ࡚ປാ⎔ቃᨵၿせồ࡞࡝యไࡢṇ⤫ᛶ࡟␲⩏ࢆၐ
࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋG
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືᅋయࡀ཯యไⓗ࡞㐠ືᣐⅬ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⥔᪂యไ࡟ࡼࡿᙎᅽࡣ
ᙉࡲࡿ୍᪉ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືᐙࡀᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࠊᣝၥࢆཷࡅࡿ୰࡛ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ
㐠ືࡢ཯యไⓗᛶ᱁࡜㐠ືࡢ୰ᚰᛶࡣᙉࡲࡗࡓࡀࠊᚲ↛ⓗ࡟⤌⧊࡟ཧຍࡍࡿேࠎࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ㠀ྜἲᅋయ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ rzjm ࡣ୰ኸ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡟
࡞ࡗࡓ࡯࠿ࠊࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴࡢᩍᅋࡢ୰࡛ࡉ࠼ࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㐠ື᪉㔪࡟ᢈุࡢኌࡀୖࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡗ
ࡓ㸦Ẹ୺໬㐠ືグᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWW`㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤌⧊ᇶ┙ࡢᙅ໬ࡀࡑࡢᚋࡢ㐠ື㊰⥺ࡢศ⿣
ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋG
G
➨Y⠇㸸^Wᖺ௦Ẹ୺໬㐠ືࡢ⌮ᛕ࡜⤌⧊G
G
^Wᖺ௦ࡢẸ୺໬㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡣࠕẸ⾗࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭
ᡂ㛗ᨻ⟇࡜ࡑࡢᡂຌࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛㡑ᅜ♫఍࡟኱ࡁ࡞ኚືࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋᕤᴗ໬࡟ࡼࡿ㒔ᕷ໬࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࢯ࢘ࣝࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ኱㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣࢫ࣒ࣛࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㍺ධ㛵㐃ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡟≉໬ࡋ
ࡓ⏘ᴗ⫱ᡂᨻ⟇ࡣࠊປാ⎔ቃࡢᝏ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㈋ᐩࡢᕪࢆᣑ኱ࡉࡏࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊປാ
⪅ࡢ㈤㔠ᢚไࡢࡓࡵ࡟㎰⏘≀ࡢ౯᱁ᢚไᨻ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊேཱྀὶฟࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ㎰ᮧࡣࡉ
ࡽ࡟⑂ᘢࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋປാ⪅ࡸ㒔ᕷ㈋Ẹࠊ㎰Ẹ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⏘ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢ≛≅⪅ࡀ≧ἣࡢᨵၿ
ࢆせồࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊᨻ἞ⓗ⮬⏤ࡣᴟ➃࡟ไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᨻ἞ⓗ࣭⤒
῭ⓗᢚᅽࡀࠊࢫ࣒ࣛ⾤ᙧᡂࠊຎᝏ࡞ປാ⎔ቃࠊ㎰ᮧࡢ⑂ᘢ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ♫఍ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㢧ᅾ໬ࡋࠊ
ࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡢ᰿※ࡀᮔṇ⇊ᨻᶒࡢᢚᅽⓗయไ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓ᫬࡟ᢚᅽࡉࢀࡓ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚Ẹ⾗ࡀ
ᴫᛕ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡣ㡑ᅜᅜẸࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᮔṇ⇊ᨻᶒࡢ
୺ᙇ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉⅯ࡞࢔ࣥࢳࢸ࣮ࢮ࡜ࡋ࡚Ẹ⾗ᴫᛕࡣᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸦jˆ•ŽࠊYWW[㸧ࠋG
^Wᖺ௦ࡢ᫬௦ⓗ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚Ẹ⾗࡜ࡣ⥔᪂యไࡢ㛤Ⓨ⊂⿢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚୙฼┈ࢆཷࡅࡓ඲࡚ࡢேࠎ
࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀᙉ࠸ࠋ⥔᪂యไࡀవࡾ࡟ࡶᙉᶒⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊẸ⾗ࡣ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᅔ❓⪅ࡔࡅ
࡛࡞ࡃࠊ཯యไⓗ࡞ゝືࡸ⾜ື࠿ࡽ⫋ࢆኻࡗࡓ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑㛵ಀ⪅ࡸᩍᤵࠊ㝖⡠ࡉࢀࡓᏛ⏕࡞࡝ᨻ
἞ⓗ࡞ᢚᅽࢆཷࡅࡓ⪅ࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿX^ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠊປാ⪅ࡸ㎰Ẹ࡞࡝
ࡢ⤒῭ⓗᅔ❓⪅ࡢ⏕Ꮡᶒࡢಖ㞀ࠊᨻ἞ⓗ⮬⏤ࡢಖ㞀࡜࠸ࡗࡓேᶒࡢၥ㢟࡜῝ࡃ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓேᶒ౵ᐖࢆ⾜࠺ᮔṇ⇊ᨻᶒࢆ஺௦ࡉࡏࠊẸ⾗ࡢពぢࢆ཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿᨻ἞ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓ
ࡵ࡟ࠊẸ୺୺⩏ไᗘࠊලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㆟఍ไᗘ࡜ྖἲ㒊ࡢ⊂❧ࡢᅇ᚟ࡀ୺ᙇࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢල
ࡇࡢẸ⾗ᴫᛕࡢ୺ၐ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ㡑᏶┦ࡣࠊẸ⾗ࡀ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ᢚᅽࢆཷࡅࡿ㝵ᒙࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊయไ࠿ࡽᨻ἞ⓗ࡟ᢚᅽ
ࢆཷࡅࡿேࠎࡶẸ⾗ᴫᛕ࡟ໟᣓࡋࠊࠕᨭ㓄̿⿕ᨭ㓄ࠖࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽẸ⾗ࢆᴫᛕ໬ࡋࡓ㸦r”SX``\㸧ࠋ
38
యⓗ࡞┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⥔᪂᠇ἲࡢ᧔ᗫࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡓX_ࠋG
୍᪉ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ᱁ᕪࡢᣑ኱࡜㈋ᅔᒙࡢቑຍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢཎᅉࡣࠊ⤒῭ࡢእᅜ౫Ꮡ࡟↔Ⅼࡀ࠶࡚ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅾ㔝㐠ືᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋࡓᩥ┈↵⚄∗ࡣ⤒῭ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ
ᅜෆࡢປാ⪅ࡸ㎰Ẹࡀᢚᅽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡀᨻᶒ⥔ᣢࡢࡓࡵ࡟እᅜ㈨ᮏࡢᑟධ࡟
ࡼࡿ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄽࡌࡿ㸦Ẹ୺⤫୍⦅㞟㒊ࠊX`_\㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒῭ⓗᢚᅽࢆ
࡞ࡃࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣእᅜ㈨ᮏ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃẸ᪘㈨ᮏ࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭ࡢᘓ࡚┤ࡋࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊศ᩿≧ἣ࡟࠶
ࡿ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣ᪥⡿ࡢ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᨻᶒ⥔ᣢ࡟Ữࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡣࡇ࠺
ࡋࡓእᅜໃຊࡢゝ࠸࡞ࡾ࡟࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⤒῭ၥ㢟ࡣᶒጾ୺⩏యไ࠿ࡽẸ୺୺⩏య
ไ࡟㌿᥮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᮅ㩭༙ᓥࡢ⤫୍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᰿ᮏⓗ࡟ᶒጾ୺⩏యไࡢฟ⌧ࢆ㜵ࡄᚲせ
ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⤒῭ၥ㢟ࡣẸ᪘ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾࠊẸ᪘⮬❧⤒῭ࡢᡂ❧ࡣ⤫୍࡟ࡼࡿᏳᐃࡋࡓ
Ẹ୺୺⩏ᨻᶒࡢᡂ❧࡟ᠱ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ㄝࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Ẹ୺⤫୍⦅㞟㒊ࠊX`_\㸧
ࠋG
ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊX`^Wᖺ௦ࡢẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢ⌮ᛕࡣࠊᨻ἞ⓗ⮬⏤ࢆྵࡵࡓேᶒࡢ☜❧࡜Ẹ୺୺⩏ᨻᶒࡢ
ᡂ❧࡜ࠊẸ᪘⮬❧⤒῭ࡢ☜❧࡜࠸࠺ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜ
ࢬ࣒ࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ࡛࠶ࡿẸ⾗ࡣࠊ⊂⿢యไ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᐤ⏕ࡍࡿ㈙ᘚ㈨ᮏ࡟ᢚᅽࡉࢀࡓ⿕ᨭ㓄⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ᅜẸࡢ኱ከᩘࢆ༨ࡵࡿேࠎࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
Ẹ⾗ᴫᛕࡀ⤒῭ⓗ㈋ᅔᒙࡸᨻ἞ⓗ࡟ᢚᅽࡉࢀࡓேࠎࢆໟᣓࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయ࡟ࡼࡿ
㐠ືࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡿせᅉ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ≉࡟ࠊ♫఍ཧຍࡢ⩏ົࢆၐ࠼ࡓࠕ⚄ࡢᐉᩍࠖ⚄Ꮫࢆཷᐜࡋࠊ㡑ᅜ
ࡢ♫఍ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚Ẹ⾗ᴫᛕࢆ⚄Ꮫ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺᅋయࡣࠊ୰ኸ⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿ rujj ࢆ
୰ᚰ࡟ྛ✀ၥ㢟࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ⤌⧊ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ⤖ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㈋ᅔᒙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢẸ⾗࡟ᩆ
῭ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣ㒔ᕷ⏘ᴗᐉᩍ఍㸦|pt㸧ࡸ㡑ᅜᇶ╩Ꮫ⏕఍⥲㐃┕㸦rzjm㸧࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⏕♫఍㛤Ⓨ
ᅋ࡜࠸ࡗࡓάື࡜ࡋ࡚ලయ໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊẸ୺໬㐠ື࡟ᚑ஦ࡋ࡚㐊ᤕᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡓᏛ⏕
ࡸ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ㔘ᨺࢆせồࡍࡿ㐠ືࡶ rujj ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓேᶒጤဨ఍ࡀᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊẸ
୺໬ࢆ୺ᙇࡋࡓࡀࡓࡵ࡟ゎ⫋ࡉࢀࡓᩍᤵࡽࡣ㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍᩍᤵ༠㆟఍ࡢࡶ࡜࡟⤖㞟ࡋ࡚ኌ᫂᭩ࡢⓎ⾲
ࢆ⾜࠺࡞࡝ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓẸ୺໬㐠ືࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ⤖ᡂࡋࡓࠋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋ
యࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊX`^Wᖺ௦ࡢẸ୺໬㐠ື࡟࠾࠸࡚୰ᚰⓗᙺ๭ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ๓⠇࡛ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᨻ἞ⓗᙎᅽࡢಖㆤᖥ࡜࡞ࡗࡓᩍ఍࡜࠸࠺ሙࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ
㐠ືࡢᴫᛕࡀᨭ㓄ഃᑐ⿕ᨭ㓄ഃ࡜࠸࠺஧㡯ᑐ❧ⓗ࠿ࡘໟᣓⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࡔ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋG
X`^]ᖺ࡟ᅾ㔝㐠ືᐙࡀⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠕZUXẸ୺ᩆᅜᐉゝ࡛ࠖࡣ⥔᪂᠇ἲࡢ᧔ᗫࡀせồࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ẹ୺໬㐠ືグᛕ
஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWW`㸧ࠋ
39
➨Y❶㸸࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿẸ⾗࡜ᕷẸG
G
➨X⠇㸸€tjh ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ⴱ⸨࡜ᕷẸ㐠ືG
G
X`^Wᖺ௦࡟࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟Ꮫ⏕࣭㟷ᖺ⤌⧊ࡀẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢ୺⩼ࢆᢸࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ๓
❶࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊẸ⾗ᴫᛕࡀẸ୺໬㐠ື࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋ
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊrzjm ࡸ l€j ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࡯࠿ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࡀ཯యไ㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓX`^Wᖺ
௦࡟ࠊྠࡌࡃ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయ࡛࠶ࡿ €tjh ࡀᕷẸ࡜࠸࠺ࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡃ≧ἣࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋG
€tjh ࡢṔྐࡣ rzjm ࡼࡾࡣࡿ࠿࡟㛗ࡃX`ୡ⣖ᮎ࡟ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢᐉᩍ࡜すὒᩥ໬ఏ㐨ࡢ❆
ཱྀ࡜ࡋ࡚㡑ᅜ࡟ࡶ €tjh ᨭ㒊ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ€tjh ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥ
ࢺࢆၥࢃࡎࠊᩍὴࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍಙ⪅ࡢ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࠿ࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟⪷⫋
⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᖹಙᚐࡢ㞟ࡲࡾ࡜࠸࠺ᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡘࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ€tjh ࡢ⤌⧊ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬୺ᛶࡢ࡯
࠿࡟ࡶࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ㝵ᒙࡢ㟷ᖺࢆ୍ࡘ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛤ᨺᛶࢆ≉ⰍX`࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ€tjh ࡟ࡣᕷ
€tjh 㐃┕ࡢചୗ࡟㧗ᰯ €tjhࠊ㟷ᖺ €tjh ࡞࡝ᵓᡂဨࡢᡤᒓู࡟⤌⧊ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
୍᪉ࠊᏛ⏕ €tjh ࡀ኱Ꮫࡈ࡜࡟ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㐃ྜ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫ €tjh ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ኱Ꮫ €tjh ࡸᕷ㐃┕ࡣྛ⮬⊂❧ࡋࡓ⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㐃ྜ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚඲ᅜ༢఩ࡢ኱㡑
€tjh 㐃┕ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࢳ࣭ࣕࣘࣥࢪ࢙ࠊX`_]㸧ࠋG
€tjh ࡣゎᨺᚋࠊ⡿ᅜ €tjh ࡢᨭ᥼ࡢୗ࡛⤌⧊ࡢ෌ᘓࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ€tjh ࡢ
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶ⡿ᅜ €tjh ࡜ྠᵝࡢᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᐉᩍᅋయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⪷᭩◊
✲ࠊ♫఍ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢయ⫱ᩍ⫱࣭㊃࿡ㅮᗙࠊ㟷ᑡᖺ஦ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᗂඣᩍ⫱ࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࢡࣛࣈࠊ
⫋ᴗᢏ⾡Ꮫᰯ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿ㸦࣒࣭࢟ࢪࣗࣥࢩࢡࠊX`_[㸧ࠋ኱Ꮫ €tjh ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࢚࣓࢟ࣗࢽ࢝
ࣝ㐠ືࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿୡ⏺Ꮫ⏕࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐃┕㸦~zjm㸧ࡢᣦᑟ࡟ࡼࡾࠊrzjm ࡜ࡢඹྠ஦ᴗࢆ]W
ᖺ௦ึ㢌࠿ࡽ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊX`]`ᖺ࡟ࡣ rzjm ࡜኱Ꮫ €tjh ࡀ⤌⧊ࢆ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿYWࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕⤌⧊ࡢ㐠ື㊰⥺ࢆᣦᑟࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍಙᚐࡢᩍᤵࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽ
ࡣX`]Zᖺ࡟㡑ᅜᇶ╩⪅ᩍᤵ༠㆟఍YXࢆタ❧ࡋࠊrzjm ࡸ኱Ꮫ €tjhࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㡑ᅜ €tjh ࡢ
㐠ື⌮ᛕࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿࣈ࣮ࣞࣥࡢᙺ๭ࢆᢸࡗࡓ㸦࣒࣭࢟ࢳࣙࣥ࣋ࠊX`_^㸧ࠋG
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㡑ᅜ €tjh ࡸ rzjmࠊrujj ࡞࡝୺࡟ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ⣔ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴࡢᩍᅋࡀཧຍࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿᅋయ㛫࡛ࡣ⪷⫋⪅࡛࠶ࡿᩍᅋࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡀࡑࡢ⌮஦ࢆᣢࡕᅇࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࠊ㔜」
X_\\ᖺ࡟ୡ⏺ €tjh ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀࡓ᫬ࠊ€tjh ࡢ㐠ື⌮ᛕ࡜ཧຍ㈨᱁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᇶ‽㸦ࣃࣜᇶ‽㸧ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࠊ
ྛ⏺ྛᒙࡢ㟷ᖺࡀ୍ࡘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚⚄ࡢᅜࢆᘓタࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㅻࢃࢀࡓ㸦ࢳ࣭ࣕࣘࣥࢪ࢙ࠊX`_]㸧ࠋ
rzjm ࡜኱Ꮫ €tjh ࡣX`[`ᖺ࡟⤌⧊⤫ྜࢆヨࡳࡓࡀኻᩋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦rzjmࠊX``\㸧ࠋ
㡑ᅜᇶ╩⪅ᩍᤵ༠㆟఍࡟ࡣᚎ༡ྠࡸ㔠ᅾಇ࡞࡝㡑ᅜࡢ⚄Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ከ኱࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡗࡓᩍᤵࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣄ
࣭ࣙࣥࣚࣥࣁࢡࠊࣀ࣭࣑ࣙࣥࢩࢡࠊ㡑᏶┦࡞࡝♫఍⛉Ꮫ㛵ಀࡢᩍᤵࡶཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
40
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ▱㆑ே࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿᣦᑟ⪅ࡓࡕࡣࠊࡑࡢ⤌⧊ࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚⌮ㄽⓗ᰿ᣐࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋG
኱Ꮫ €tjh ࡜ rzjm ࡀ⤫ྜࡋࠊ኱Ꮫ⏕఍ဨࡀ rzjm ࡟ὶฟࡋࡓ €tjh ࡣࠊ⤌⧊ࡢ⥔ᣢ࣭ᣑ
኱ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㟷ᖺ €tjh ࡢ඲ᅜ㐃┕ࢆタ❧ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ㐠ືࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇ
࠺ࡋࡓ㐠ື㊰⥺ࡢᶍ⣴ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊ➨୍࡟ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື඲య࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠕ⚄ࡢ
ᐉᩍࠖ⚄Ꮫࡢᗈࡲࡾ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺♫఍ཧຍࡢ⩏ົឤ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋrujj ࡀ ~jj ࡢỴ㆟ࢆཷࡅ࡚
♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳጞࡵࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㡑ᅜ €tjh ࡶୡ⏺ €tjh ࡢືྥ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋX`]`ᖺ
࡟࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛㛤࠿ࢀࡓ €tjh ୡ⏺⥲఍࡛ࡣࠊ➨Zୡ⏺࡜ඛ㐍ᅜࡢ᱁ᕪᣑ኱ࡢၥ㢟ࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽ
ࢀࠊ♫఍ṇ⩏ࡀ €tjh 㐠ືࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊX`_^㸧ࠋX`^Zᖺ࡟࢘࢞
ࣥࢲ࡛㛤࠿ࢀࡓ €tjh ୡ⏺⥲఍࡛ࡣ௒୍ᗘ €tjh 㐠ືࡀ♫఍ṇ⩏࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊྛ
ᅜ≉᭷ࡢ♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ €tjh 㐠ືࡢ┠ⓗࢆᐃࡵࡿࡼ࠺່࿌ࡋࡓ㸦኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊ
X`_]㸧ࠋG
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓὶࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚㡑ᅜ €tjh ࡣX`^Wᖺ௦ึ㢌࠿ࡽ €tjh ࡢ㐠ື⌮ᛕࢆ෌☜ㄆࡍࡿసᴗ
࡟ධࡾࠊX`^[ᖺ࠿ࡽࡣ㡑ᅜ⊂⮬ࡢᩥ⬦࠿ࡽ €tjh ࡢ౑࿨ࢆ᥈ࡿࠕ┠ⓗ࡜஦ᴗ◊✲ጤဨ఍ࠖࡀച
ୗ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛㔜せ࡞Ⅼࡣࠊᙜ᫬ rzjm ࡀẸ୺໬㐠ື࡟㞟୰ࡋࠊrujj
ࡀ㈋Ẹࡸᨻ἞≢ࡢேᶒᩆ῭࡟ᑓᛕࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟ €tjh ࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࢆ᥈ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢసᴗࡣ rujj ࡸ rzjm ࡟࡛ࡶᣦᑟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ▱㆑ே࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᢸࢃࢀࡓࡇ
࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
ᙜ᫬ࠊ┠ⓗ࡜஦ᴗ◊✲ጤဨ఍࡟ࡣጧựዋࠊᚎ༡ྠࠊ㡑᏶┦ࠊ├᳜᫂㸦ࣀ࣭࣑ࣙࣥࢩࢡ㸧ࠊ࢟
࣒࣭ࢳࣙࣥ࣋ࠊ࣭ࣘࢻࣥࢩࢡࠊ࣭ࣘࢪ࢙ࢳࣙࣥ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⚄Ꮫ⪅࣭ᩍᤵ࡞࡝ࡀཧຍࡋࠊ㡑ᅜ
€tjh ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜௒ᚋࡢ㐠ື┠ⓗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓ㸦኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊX`_]㸧ࠋࡇ
ࡢ €tjh 㐠ືࡢ෌ᐃ⩏ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣX`^]ᖺ࡟㡑ᅜ €tjh ┠ⓗᩥ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⤖ᐇࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢෆᐜ
࡟ࡣ௨ୗࡢ≉ᚩࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋG
➨୍࡟ᙜ᫬ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ▱㆑ேࡢၥ㢟ព㆑ࡀࠊ㒔ᕷ໬࣭⏘ᴗ໬࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺኱⾗♫఍໬ࡸ♫఍
ࡢ㝮ࠎࡲ࡛࡟ᅜᐙ⤫ไࡀཬࡪ⟶⌮♫఍໬࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡣX`]Wᖺ௦࠿ࡽX`^Wᖺ௦
࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㏆௦໬ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓᅜࠎ࡛ࡳࡽࢀࡿඹ㏻ࡢ⌧㇟࡜ࡋ࡚┒ࢇ࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟ࡔࡀࠊ
€tjh ࡢ┠ⓗᩥ࡛ࡣ࢔ࣃࢩ࣮໬ࡋࡓ኱⾗࡟㈐௵ព㆑ࢆᣢࡓࡏࠊẸ୺୺⩏♫఍ࡢ୺య࡟ࡉࡏࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀㅻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋG
➨஧࡟ࠊ㈋ᅔᒙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢẸ⾗ࢆᩆ῭ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ぢ࡞ࡍ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ㡑ᅜᩥ໬ࡢ୺య࡛࠶ࡿ࡜タᐃ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୺యᛶࢆ࡞ࡃࡋࡓಶேࡀࡼࡾ࡝ࡇࢁ࡟ࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞㡑ᅜᩥ໬ࡣẸ⾗࠿ࡽⓎ
ぢࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ẹ⾗Ẹ᪘୺⩏ࡀ┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ€tjh ࡣ㡑ᅜࡢẸ୺໬ࡸ㡑ᅜࡢᩥ
໬࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ୺ᑟⓗᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜᫂グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
€tjh ࡣẸ⾗ࡢ⤌⧊࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀព㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋG
41
௨ୖࡢ஧ࡘࡢ❧ሙࡣࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ♫఍ኚືࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ୺యࢆㄡ࡟タᐃࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ⱝᖸࡢ㐪
࠸ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ┠ⓗᩥ᥇ᢥᚋࡢྠ◊✲ጤဨ఍ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠕẸ⾗࡜ࡣㄡ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀྲྀ
ࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊX`__㸧ࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ㠉࿨࡞࡝すὒྐࢆᑓᨷ࡜ࡍࡿ├᳜᫂ࡢ
ሙྜࠊ࢜ࣝࢸ࢞ࡢ኱⾗♫఍ㄽࢆ᥼⏝ࡋࡘࡘࠊ㈨ᮏ୺⩏♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾘ㈝㝵ᒙ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ኱⾗ࠖࢆ
ᖹ➼࡜⮬⏤ࢆ୺యⓗ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠕᕷẸࠖ࡟ኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜ㄝࡁࠊẸ⾗㸻ᕷẸ࡜
࠸ࡗࡓぢゎࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋྠࡌࡃྠጤဨ఍࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ㡑᏶┦ࡣࠊẸ⾗࡜ࡣ༶⮬ⓗẸ⾗࡜ᑐ⮬ⓗẸ⾗
࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ⮬ࡽࢆṔྐⓗ࡞㈐௵ࢆᣢࡘẸ⾗㸦ᑐ⮬ⓗẸ⾗㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍࢀࡤ▱㆑ே࡛࠶
ࡗ࡚ࡶẸ⾗࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ࡜ࡋࡓ㸦኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊX`__㸧ࠋ஧ேࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠊ♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㈐
௵ព㆑ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡛Ẹ⾗㸻ᕷẸ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ୺యࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊᙼࡽࡀẸ୺୺⩏♫఍ࡢ୺య࡜࡞ࡿ࡜
࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ€tjh ࡢ㐠ືࡶ㡑ᅜࡢẸ୺୺⩏࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ព࿡ࢆᣢࡓࡏ
ࡿពᅗࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋG
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ❧ሙࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㐠Ⴀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆௦໬ࡢ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᕷẸࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᩍ⫱ᩥ໬஦ᴗࡀ €tjh ࡢᙺ๭࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎᕷẸᩍ⫱ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿேࠎࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀసࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ €tjh ࡢ఍
ဨ࡟ከ࠿ࡗࡓᩍᖌࠊἲ᭪ࠊ་ᖌࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕㐠ື⤒㦂⪅ࢆᕷẸᩍ⫱ᢸᙜ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡛ࠊ€tjh ࡀᕷẸᩍ⫱ࡢ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊX`__㸧ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᕷẸᩍ⫱ࡢලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᨻ἞࣭♫఍࣭⤒῭ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆᣢ࡚
ࡿࡼ࠺㆟ㄽࡍࡿᕷẸㄽቭYYࢆX`^Wᖺ௦࠿ࡽᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜᐙࡸ௻ᴗ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿಶேࡢ
ᶒ┈ࡢ౵ᐖ࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿࡓࡵἲᚊၥ㢟ࡸၟရ࿌Ⓨ࡞࡝ࢆ⾜࠺ᕷẸ୰⥅ᐊࡶᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ
㐠ືࡣẸ୺໬࡜࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢ୰ࡢ୍ศ㔝࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ᾘ㈝⪅㐠ື
ࡶᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣᾏእ㈇മࢆᢪ࠼ࡓᅜෆ⏘ᴗࢆᏲࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ẹ᪘୺⩏ⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࠋG
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ €tjh ࡢ㐠ື⌮ᛕࡣẸ୺୺⩏࡜Ẹ᪘୺⩏ࢆ๓㠃࡟ฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ€tjh ࡢᵓ
ᡂဨ࡛࠶ࡿ୰㛫ᒙࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࢆ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ€tjh ࡢᵓᡂဨ
ࡣẸ⾗ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࠊẸ୺୺⩏ࡢ౯್ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿໃຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᕷẸ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⠊␪໬
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ €tjh ᵓᡂဨࢆ♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
G
G
G
G
G
ලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊྛ✀᫬஦ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ €tjh ఍ဨ࡛࠶ࡿᑓ㛛໬ࡀㅮ⩏ࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦኱㡑 €tjh
㐃┕ࠊX`_]㸧ࠋ
42
➨Y⠇㸸X`_Wᖺ௦ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື࡜Ẹ⾗G
G
X`_Wᖺ௦ࡢᖥ㛤ࡅࡣᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡢᬯẅ࡜࠸࠺Ṕྐⓗ࡞஦௳࡜ඹ࡟ጞࡲࡗࡓࠋX`^`ᖺXW᭶
࡟ᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡀᬯẅࡉࢀࠊ࡟ࢃ࠿࡟Ẹ୺໬ࡢᮇᚅࡀ⭾ࡽࢇࡔ୰ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ᅋయࢆ୰ᚰ࡜
ࡋࡓᅾ㔝㐠ືᐙࡀX`^`ᖺXX᭶Y\᪥࡟⤖፧ᘧࢆ⿦ࡗ࡚Ẹ୺᠇ἲࡢไᐃ࡞࡝ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ㞟఍ࢆ㛤࠸
ࡓࡀࠊ㐣Ώᮇᨻᶒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙎᅽࡉࢀࡿ஦௳ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ㸦€~jh ഇ⿦⤖፧஦௳㸧ࠋࡇࡢ஦௳ࡣ㐠ື
㝕Ⴀ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿࡜࠸࠺ᢚᅽయไࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡀᾘ࠼࡚ࡶࠊయไࡢᢚᅽⓗᛶ᱁ࡣ೺ᅾ࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆ㆑ࡉࡏࡿࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟X`_Wᖺ\᭶ࡢගᕞ஦௳ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ㐠ື
᪉ἲ࡛ࡣẸ୺໬ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ୍⯡ᕷẸࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࢇࡔ⹢ẅ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚ఱࡢᑐᛂࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺⹫⬺ឤࢆᢪ࠿ࡏࡓ㸦rzjmࠊYWW\㸧ࠋG
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔㐠ືᐙࡀ┦ḟ࠸࡛㐊ᤕࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝YZ⤌⧊ࡢඛ⣽ࡾ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡣ≉࡟࢟ࣜ
ࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᾋୖࡋࡓࠋrzjm ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢ㐊ᤕࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫෆ࡛ࡢ
Ꮫ⏕㐠ືࡣ࡯ࡰᙎᅽࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ^Wᖺ௦ึࡵ࡟᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ rzjm ࡢ඲ᅜࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣᶵ⬟ࡋ
࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊrzjm ചୗࡢᏛ⏕఍ࡀ㐃ྜࡋ࡚㐠ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡶࡣࡸ୙ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ
࡜࠿ࡽX`_Wᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡣ rujj ேᶒጤဨ఍ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᣦᑟ⪅ࡢ㔘ᨺせồࡀ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢ୰
ᚰ㆟㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Ẹ୺໬グᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWXW㸧ࠋG
୍᪉࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫࢆ༞ᴗࡋ࡚ l€j ࡞࡝ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㟷ᖺ⤌⧊࡛㐠ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡓேࠎࡣࠊX`_Wᖺࡢ
ගᕞ஦௳ࢆࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡟࠸ࡗࡓࢇ㐠ືࢆ㞳ࢀࡿ࠿ࠊ㎰Ẹ㐠ືࡶࡋࡃࡣປാ㐠ື࡜࠸ࡗࡓศ㔝࡟㛵
ᚰࢆࡶࡕ᪂ࡓ࡞㐠ື㊰⥺ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋጞࡵࡓࠋ㎰Ẹ㐠ື࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣX`_Yᖺ࡟㡑ᅜᇶ╩㎰Ẹ఍⥲㐃ྜ
఍ࢆ⤖ᡂࡋࠊ㎰ᮧ࡟࠶ࡿᩍ఍ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㎰ᐙࢆ⤌⧊ࡋࠊ㎰Ẹࡢ⏕Ꮡᶒࢆッ࠼ࡓ㸦Ẹ୺໬グᛕ஦ᴗ
఍◊✲ᡤࠊYWXW㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊປാ㐠ື⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚㡑ᅜᇶ╩ປാ⪅⥲㐃┕ࠊ㒔ᕷ㈋Ẹ㐠ື⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚
㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍ㒔ᕷ㈋Ẹᐉᩍ༠㆟఍࡞࡝ࢆX`_\ᖺ࡟┦ḟ࠸࡛タ❧ࡋࡓࠋG
ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊX`_Wᖺࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືᅋయࡢ㐠ື㊰⥺ࡢぢ┤ࡋࡣ୺࡟㈋ᅔᒙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢẸ⾗࡟㞟୰
ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ẹ⾗࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㞟୰ࡣࠊྠ᫬௦ࡢᏛ⏕㐠ືࡢὶࢀ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ
rzjm ࡟ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋX`_Wᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡢ᪂యไ࡟┤㠃ࡋࠊ㐠ືࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆỴࡵࡿࠕ⌮ᛕࠖ࡜ࡑࢀ
࡟㐺ྜࡋࡓࠕ⤌⧊ࠖࡢ෌ᘓࡀ rzjm ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋX`_Xᖺࡢ rzjm ᨻ⟇ጤ
ဨ఍࡛ࡣࠊ^Wᖺ௦ࡢ㐠ື࡜࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕㐠ືࡀ᣸ᢡࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ⌧ᐇၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫⓗศᯒࠊ
Ẹ⾗ᚿྥᛶࠊᡓ㜚ⓗᐇ㊶ࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࡔ࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ㸦✚ᴟ㜚தㄽ㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ
࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢẸ⾗⚄Ꮫ࡜Ẹ⾗඲యࡢኚ㠉㐠ືࡀྜὶࡋ࡚♫఍ᵓ㐀ࢆኚ㠉ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊẸ⾗࡜
࡜ࡶ࡟㐠ືࡢຊࢆ⤊⤖ࡋ࡚㜚தࢆࡉࡽ࡟ᣑ኱ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇࡔࡗࡓ㸦rzjmࠊYWW\㸧ࠋ
ᙜ᫬ࡢᨻ᝟ࡸ♫఍≧ἣࢆ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡟ศᯒࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇࡣࠊX`_Wᖺࡢගᕞ஦௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᶒጾ୺⩏
ᅜᐙ㌿そෆ஘㝜ㅛ஦௳ࠊࢡࣜࢫࢳࣕࣥ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮஦௳ࠊrzjm 㞟఍஦௳࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚎ༡ྠࠊᩥ┈↵ࠊ㡑᏶
┦ࠊ࢖࣭࣊ࢻࣥ࡞࡝ࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡓࡕࡀ㐊ᤕࡉࢀࡓࠋ
43
యไࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࡑࢀࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡸእᅜ㈨ᮏࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ព㆑ࡢࡇ
࡜ࢆᣦࡍ㸦Ꮫ⏕㐠ືㄽதྐ⦅㞟㒊ࠊX``W㸧ࠋẸ⾗ࡀᢚᅽࡉࢀࠊຎᝏ࡞⎔ቃ࡛⏕άࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ
ᶒጾ୺⩏యไࡀ㈨ᮏᐙ㝵⣭࠾ࡼࡧእᅜ㈨ᮏ࡜㐃ᦠࡋ࡚⤒῭ⓗ࡟ປാ⪅㝵⣭ࢆᦢྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ
ࡔ࡜࠸࠺⌮ゎࡀගᕞ஦௳ࢆࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡟ᛴ⃭࡟ᗈࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㠉࿨ࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡀ๓⾨࡜࡞ࡗ࡚Ẹ୺໬㐠ືࢆ୺ᑟࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺࣐ࣝࢡࢫ
୺⩏ⓗ㊰⥺ࡀ rzjm ෆ࡛ྎ㢌ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
௚᪉࡛ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡀ^Wᖺ௦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᛴ㐍ⓗ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ⤌⧊ࡢᙅయ໬ࢆᣍ࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࠊ෌ࡧ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫෆࡢၥ㢟࡟㞟୰ࡋ࡚⤌⧊ࡢᘓ࡚┤ࡋࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞୺ᙇࡀⓏሙࡋࡓ㸦‽
ഛㄽ㸧ࠋp{ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᙼࡽࡢ୺ᙇࡣࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືᅋయ࡜ࡋ࡚཯እໃ࣭཯⊂⿢㐠ືࢆ
ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ⌮ᛕࢆ☜ᅛ࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⌮ᛕࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢಙ௮࡟❧⬮
ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦rzjmࠊYWW\㸸Z]`㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊಙ௮࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚኱⾗ࢆព㆑໬ࡋ࡚
⤌⧊࡟ཧຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⤌⧊෌ᘓࡢ㐨࡛࠶ࡾࠊ኱⾗ࡢព㆑໬࡟ࡣಶே୺⩏ⓗ౯್ほࢆ᫝ṇࡍࡿ
ᩥ໬㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺࡭ࡁࡔ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋG
ࡇࡢㄽதࡣᙜ᫬ࡢᏛ⏕㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㊰⥺ᑐ❧ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ཯ᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ᫬ࡢᏛ⏕㐠
ືࡢ㛫࡛ࡶX`_WᖺࡢẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢ᣸ᢡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ኱⾗ᇶ┙ࡢ୙ᅾ࡜⤫୍ⓗᣦᑟ㒊ࡢ୙ᅾࡀཎᅉ
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࠊ୍⯡Ꮫ⏕ࡢ౑࿨ឤࢆ㰘⯙ࡍࡿ㐠ືࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ẁ㝵ⓗ㜚தㄽࡢ❧ሙࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊẁ㝵ⓗ㜚தࡣᶵ఍୺⩏࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࠊᏛ⏕㐠ືࡀඛᑟⓗᙺ๭ࢆᢸࡗ࡚Ẹ⾗㠉࿨ࢆ㐩
ᡂࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ࡋࡓ㸦࣭࢝ࣥࢩࣥࢳࣙࣝࠊX`__㸧ࠋG
Ꮫ⏕㐠ືࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື࡞࡝Ẹ୺໬㐠ື඲యࡀẸ⾗࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮ࢮ࡟ഴ
ಽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ୰ࠊ€tjh ࡣᕷẸ㐠ື࡜࠸࠺఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡛✜೺࡞❧ሙࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓࠋrzjm ࡢ p{ ࢢ࣮ࣝ
ࣉࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩥ໬ࡢ๰㐀ࢆ๓㠃࡟ᡴࡕฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ €tjh ࡟⛣ࡾάືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦rzjmࠊYWW\㸧ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ€tjh ࡣࡑࡢ⤌⧊ୖࡢ≉ᛶ࠿ࡽಶேࡢᶒ฼࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࡓ㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࠊࡉ
ࡽ࡟⤒῭ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆຍ࠼ࡓ⌮ᛕࢆᶆᴶࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋG
G
➨Z❶㸸⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢⓏሙ࡜ᕷẸ㐠ືゝㄝࡢ෌ᵓᡂG
G
➨X⠇㸸⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢⓏሙG
G
๓❶࡛ࡣࠊ€tjh ࡢ㐠ືࡀ⤌⧊ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜Ẹ୺୺⩏ࡢᐇ⌧࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽᕷẸ㐠ືゝㄝࢆㄌ⏕
ࡉࡏࡿࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄽࡌࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢᕷẸ㐠ືࡀ኱ࠎⓗ࡟⬮ගࢆᾎࡧࡿࡼ࠺࡟
࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣX`_`ᖺࡢ⤒ᐇ㐃⤖ᡂ௨㝆࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
X``Wᖺ௦࡟࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟኱ࡁࡃྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ㐠ືࢆᕷẸ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿ࡜つᐃࡋ
ࡓࡓࡵࠊᕷẸ㐠ື࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡀᗈࡃ㡑ᅜ♫఍࡟ᐃ╔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ๓❶࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᕷ
44
Ẹ㐠ືࡢゝㄝࡣX`_Wᖺ௦ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡞㉳※ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊX``Wᖺ௦࡟㡑ᅜ
ᨻ἞࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡗࡓᕷẸ㐠ືࡢᛶ᱁ࢆࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ⤖ᡂ㐣⛬࡜࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື࡜ࡢඹ㏻
Ⅼ࠿ࡽᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࠋG
⤒ᐇ㐃ࡣX`_`ᖺ^᭶ࠊᙜ᫬኱ࡁ࡞♫఍ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ୙ື⏘౯᱁ᭀ㦐࡜᱁ᕪᣑ኱ࡢ᫝ṇࢆ
┠ᶆ࡟ࠊᚎி㘏㸦ࢯ㺃ࢠࣙࣥࢯࢡ㸧∾ᖌࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚⤖ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋᚎி㘏ࡣX`^Wᖺ௦ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫ
ࢺᩍ㐠ື࡛ᣦᑟⓗᙺ๭ࢆᢸࡗࡓே≀࡛ࠊrzjm ࡢ࡯࠿ rujjࠊl€j ࡛άືࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋX`^[ᖺ࡟
ࡣẸ㟷Ꮫ㐃஦௳ࡢ୺ᑟ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㐊ᤕࡉࢀࠊ⊹୰⏕άࢆవ൤࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡞࡝ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ
Ꮫ⏕㐠ື࣭㟷ᖺ㐠ືࡢඛ㗓࡟❧ࡗࡓே࡛࠶ࡿࠋX`_Wᖺࡢගᕞ஦௳ᚋࡣࠊ㐠ືࡢ➨୍⥺࠿ࡽ㏥ࡁࠊ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣘࢽ࢜ࣥ⚄Ꮫᰯ࡟␃ᏛࡋࡓࠋX`_^ᖺࡢẸ୺໬ࢆዎᶵ࡟㡑ᅜ࡟ᖐᅜࡋࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠
ືࡢࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ㡑ᅜ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ♫఍ၥ㢟◊✲㝔㸦௨ୗࠊ◊✲㝔㸧ࡢ㝔㛗⫋࡟ᑵ࠸
ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊX`_`ᖺ࡟ࡣ◊✲㝔ࡢᖖ໅◊✲ဨ࡜ពぢࡀᑐ❧ࡋࠊ㎡௵せồࡀฟࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊᚎி
㘏ࡣ⮬ࡽ◊✲㝔ࢆ㎡௵ࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㐠ື࡜ࡋ࡚⤒ᐇ㐃ࢆྠᖺ࡟⤖ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋG
ᚎி㘏ࡀᕷẸ㐠ືࢆ඲㠃࡟ᡴࡕฟࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊ㈨ᮏ୺⩏యไࡢᐜㄆࡀ࠶ࡿࠋX`_^ᖺࡢ
Ẹ୺໬ࡣປാ㐠ືࡸᏛ⏕㐠ື࡞࡝ࡣ㝵⣭ⓗ࡞ኚ㠉┠ᶆࢆᣢࡗࡓ㐠ືࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓ
ࡀࠊẸ୺໬⮬యࡣ㌷㒊ᨻᶒ࡜㔝ඪࡀࠕ┤᥋㑅ᣲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱⤫㡿ࢆ㑅ฟࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡜࡛ጇ༠ࡋ࡚ᡂ
❧ࡋࡓࠋX`__ᖺ࡟㌷㒊ฟ㌟ࡢ├Ὀហ኱⤫㡿ࡀ┤᥋㑅ᣲ࡛㑅ฟࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊẸ⾗㐠ືഃࡣࠕ┿ࡢẸ
୺໬ࡣࡲࡔ㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ኚ㠉ࢆồࡵࡿ㐠ືࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿጼໃࢆᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࠋẸ୺໬
ᚋࡣࠊປാ㐠ື࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣປ౑⣮⣕ࠊᅾ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⤫୍ၥ㢟࡟ᡴࡕ㎸ࡴࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊᚎி㘏
ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㐠ືࡢᒎ㛤࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᢈุⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋG
ࡑࡶࡑࡶᚎி㘏ࡀ^Wᖺ௦࡟࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢁࡣࠊ♫఍୺⩏
࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚㐠ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺Y[ࠋࡑࡢᚎி㘏ࡀ♫఍୺⩏⌮ᛕ࠿ࡽ㈨ᮏ୺⩏యไࡢ
᧦ㆤ࡟᪉ྥ㌿᥮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊX`_Wᖺ௦࡟⡿ᅜ␃Ꮫ࡛ぢ⪺ࡋࡓ໭ᮅ㩭ࡢ⌧≧࡜㡑ᅜ〇
ရࡢຊᙉࡉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺Y\ࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ᚎி㘏ࡣࠊୡ⏺⤒῭࡟ᚑᒓࡋࡓ㡑ᅜ⤒῭ࡣ୍㒊ࡢ㈨ᮏࡢ
ࡳࡀᡂ㛗ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝᅜẸࡢ⏕άࡶᝏ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊẸ᪘⮬❧⤒῭ࢆ☜❧ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺ᚑ
ᒓ⌮ㄽⓗぢゎࢆሀᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࡢ㌍ືᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࠊ௒ᚋࡣࡇࡢ㈨ᮏ୺⩏యไ໬࡟࠾
ࡅࡿ▩┪࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐠ືࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺Y]ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ❧ሙࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡚⡿ᅜ࠿ࡽ
ᖐᅜࡋࡓᚎி㘏࡜ࠊ࠸ࡲࡔ࡟Ẹ⾗ⓗゝㄝࢆሀᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ◊✲㝔ࡢ❧ሙ࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞㝸ࡓࡾࡀ࠶ࡗ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ᝿ീ࡟࠿ࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠋG
ᚎி㘏ࢥ࣒ࣛࠕXW♫఍୺⩏㠉࿨ᐙ࡟࡞ࡿࡒࠖཧ↷ࠋ
ᚎி㘏ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢࢥ࣒࡛ࣛࠊX`_Wᖺ௦࡟⡿ᅜ࡟ึࡵ࡚㍺ฟࡉࢀࡓ⮬ᐙ⏝㌴࡞࡝ࢆ౛࡟ୖࡆ㡑ᅜ⤒῭ࡢᙉࡉࢆㄆ㆑
ࡋࡓ࡜ㄒࡿ୍᪉ࠊᅾ⡿㡑ᅜே࠿ࡽ໭ᮅ㩭ゼၥࡢヰࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛໭ᮅ㩭࡟ᑐࡍࡿᗁ᝿ࡀᔂࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᚎி㘏ࢥ࣒ࣛཧ↷ࠋ
45
X`_`ᖺࡢ\᭶࡟㝔㛗⫋ࢆ㎡௵ࡋࡓᚎி㘏ࡣࠊྠᖺ]᭶࡟ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞㐠ືᅋయࢆⓎ㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟
άືࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚎி㘏ࡀ᭱ึ࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ㐠ືࡣࠊࠕ୙ື⏘ᢞᶵ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺ఫᏯ౯᱁ࡢ㧗
㦐ࠖࢆ᫝ṇࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐⮬యࡀᚎி㘏⮬㌟ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿࡝࠺
࠿ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᢅ࠺࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ᚎி㘏ࡣYࡘࡢ⣔⤫ࡢே⬦࡟┦ㄯࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋG
୍ࡘ┠ࡢே⬦ࡣ⮬㌟ࡀᡤᒓࡋࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢάືࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢭ࣒ࣥ࢔ࣥᩍ఍⣔࡛
࠶ࡿࠋࢭ࣒ࣥ࢔ࣥᩍ఍ࢆᣐⅬ࡟X`^Wᖺ௦ࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᏛ⏕㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓᚎி㘏ࡣࠊྠᩍ఍ࡢ
ᚋ㍮ࡢࢩ࣭ࣥࢹࢠࣗࣥ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸㐠ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚┦ㄯࡋ࡚࠸ࡿY^ࠋࢩ࣭ࣥࢹࢠࣗࣥࡣࠊrzjm ࡛ p{
ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ୺ᑟࡋࠊ€tjh ᖿ஦࡟⛣ࡗࡓே≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢭ࣒ࣥ࢔ࣥᩍ఍ࡢே⬦࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
ࢩ࣭ࣥࢹࢠࣗࣥࢆึࡵࠊ€tjh ᖿ஦ࡢ࣭ࣘࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ∾ᖌ࡞࡝࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢ p{ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉഃ
ࡢே≀ࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ€tjh ᕷẸ㐠ືࡢ⌮ᛕ࡜⤌⧊ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋG
ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢே⬦ࡣᚎி㘏ࡢ㧗ᰯ࣭኱Ꮫ᫬௦ࡢྠᮇ࡞࡝ࡀ୰ᚰࡢ▱㆑ேࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚎி㘏ࡣ
⡿ᅜ␃Ꮫ࠿ࡽᖐᅜᚋࠊ㧗ᰯ࣭኱Ꮫࡢྠᮇ࡛ぶࡋ࠸཭ே࡛࠶ࡿᮔୡ㐓㸦ࣃࢡ࣭ࢭ࢖ࣝ㸧ࢯ࢘ࣝ኱
ᩍᤵ㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡢㄏ࠸࡛ࠕ࣐࢘ࣜࢲࣥࠖ࡜࠸࠺▱㆑ேࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟
ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ▱㆑ேࡢከࡃࡀࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃⤖ᡂ᫬࡟㐠ື࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ⟶ぢࡢ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࢢ
࣮ࣝࣉࡢ≉ᚩࢆ▱ࡾ࠺ࡿ㈨ᩱࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ▱㆑ேࡢ୺ᙇ࡞࡝ࢆㄽᩥ࡛▱ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃Ⓨ㊊ᙜ᫬࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓᮔୡ㐓ᩍᤵ࡜ᮤ᰿᳜㸦࢖࣭ࢢࣥࢩ
ࢡ㸧ࢯ࢘ࣝᕷ❧኱ᩍᤵ㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡣẸ୺໬௨㝆ࠊᕷሙ⮬⏤୺⩏ࢆᇶㄪ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᕷሙࡢኻᩋ࡟
ࡼࡿศ㓄ࡢ୙බṇࡉࢆᨻᗓࡢ௓ධ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᫝ṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ᮔୡ㐓ࠊX`__㸸ᮤ᰿
᳜ࠊX``W㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᕷሙ⮬⏤୺⩏ⓗ❧ሙࡣࠊᚎி㘏ࡢẸ⾗㐠ືᢈุព㆑࡜࠶࠸ࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃
Ⓨ㉳ᐉゝᩥ࡟ࡶࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜⾲᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋG
⤒ᐇ㐃ࡣ㈨ᮏ୺⩏ᕷሙ⤒῭యไࡢຠ⋡ᛶ࡜㌍ືᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢࡢࠊ ᕷሙ⤒῭ࡀࡶ
ࡓࡽࡍ㈋ᐩࡢ᱁ᕪࢆᨻᗓࡀ௓ධࡋ࡚᫝ṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡜♫఍ⓗබᖹࡢ୧᪉
ࢆྠ᫬࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡟⨨ࡃY_G
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᚎி㘏ࡀ୺ၐࡋࡓᕷẸ㐠ືࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⣔ࡢ㐠ື⤌⧊ࡢά⏝࡜ᕷሙ⮬⏤୺⩏
ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓබṇศ㓄࡜࠸࠺⌮ᛕ࡟≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋG
ྠୖࠋ
⤒ᐇ㐃X࿘ᖺ㈨ᩱ㞟ཧ↷㸦⤒ᐇ㐃ࠊX``W㸧ࠋ
46
➨Y⠇㸸⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢᕷẸ㐠ືࡢ≉ᚩG
G
࡛ࡣࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡀ୺ᙇࡋࡓᕷẸ㐠ື࡜࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ື࠿ࡽⓏሙࡋࡓ €tjh ᕷẸ㐠ືࡢඹ
㏻Ⅼ࡜ᕪ␗࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋG
€tjh ᕷẸ㐠ືࡀ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ♫఍ᨵ㠉࡜ࡣ㡑ᅜࡢẸ୺໬࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㡑ᅜࡢᅜẸ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㈐
௵ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓேࠎࢆᕷẸ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᅜẸ࢖ࢥ࣮ࣝᕷẸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊ
㝵⣭ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ㐠ື࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ㄝࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᐇ㝿ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ
€tjh ᵓᡂဨ࡟ྥࡅࡓࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋᙜ᫬ࡶ⌧ᅾࡶ఍ဨつᶍYWWWWே࡜࠸࠺ᩘᏐࡣ᭱኱つᶍ
࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ఍ဨࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ືဨࡍࡿ࠿ࡀႚ⥭ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
୍᪉࡛ࠊᚎி㘏ࡶࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ㐠ືࢆ⬺㝵⣭ࡢ㐠ື࡜つᐃࡋࠊᕷẸ㐠ືࡀ≉ᐃ㝵ᒙ࡟㝈ᐃ
ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿY`ࠋ᭤ࡀࡾ࡞ࡾ࡟ࡶẸ୺໬ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓX`_`ᖺ
ࡢ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚎி㘏ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣᨻ἞యไࡢኚ㠉ࡼࡾࡶ⤒῭ⓗ୙ᖹ➼ࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶
ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢၥ㢟タᐃ࡜ࡣX_Wᗘ㏫࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊẸ
୺୺⩏ࡸ⤫୍ࡢ㐩ᡂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤒῭ⓗ▩┪ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㐠ື⌮ᛕ࡜ࡣ㏫࡟ࠊ
⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡜⚟♴ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⤫୍ࡢ㏆㐨࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄽ⌮ࢆ㏫㌿ࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿZWࠋG
ࡲࡓࠊ㐠ືࡢ୺యࡢタᐃࡶᚤጁ࡟␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ€tjh ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡍ࡛࡟࠶ࡿ⤌⧊ࢆ๓
ᥦ࡟㆟ㄽࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ୰㛫ᒙࡢ㆟ㄽࡣᖖ࡟ €tjh ࡢ఍ဨࡀẸ୺୺⩏ࡸẸ⾗ࡢ⚟♴
࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺୺యⓗ࡞ព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊᚎி㘏࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
タᐃࡉࢀࡓ୰㛫ᒙࡣࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃㐠ືࡢࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢᒎ㛤ᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨭᣢ⋓ᚓࡢᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
ZX
ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᕷẸࡢ୰࡛ࡶ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ୰㛫ᒙࡢẚ㔜ࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵࠊ୰㛫ᒙࡢᨭᣢࢆືဨࡋ࡚
ࠕぬ㓰ࡋࡓேࠎࠖࡀ㐠ືࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺Y㔜ࡢᕷẸീࡀᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋG
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᢡ⾺ⓗ࡞ᕷẸീࡣ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ⤌⧊࡟ࡶ཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋࡓᙜ᫬ࠊ
఍ဨᩘࡢ^\Lࡀ⚟㡢୺⩏⣔ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺZYࡢಙ⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡣᐇົࡸ◊✲ࢆᢸ࠺▱
㆑ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦࢖࣭ࣁࣥࢠࠊX``Z㸧ࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ᨻ⟇ᥦ᱌ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ▱㆑ேࡣ
ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᑓ㛛ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௦᱌ᥦ♧ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⤒῭ṇ⩏ᐇ㊶࡜࠸࠺ᯟ⤌ࡢࡶ࡜࡛࠿
࡞ࡾࡢከᵝᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓZZࠋ⤒ᐇ㐃࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࠕぬ㓰ࡋࡓேࠎࠖࡀᕷẸ࡟ᨻ⟇ࡢṇᙜᛶ
ࢆ࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙧែࡀࡇࡇ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
ᚎி㘏ࢥ࣒ࣛࠕ[Y⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࡞ࡐ⤒ᐇ㐃ࢆ⤖ᡂࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠖ
ྠୖࠋ
X``Yᖺ`᭶ྕࡢ᭶หㄅ࣐࡛ࠗࣝ࠘ᚎி㘏ࡣࠊ
ࠕᕷẸ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࣈࣝࢪࣙ࢔࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ͆ᅜẸ͇࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡟㏆
࠸ࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⚟㡢୺⩏⣔ࡣ⪷᭩ࡢゎ㔘ࢆཝࡋࡃ⾜࠺Ⅼ࡛ಖᏲⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ♫఍ⓗᩆ῭ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࣜ࣋ࣛࣝ⣔ࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ
࡜ࡢᑐẚ࡛ಖᏲⓗࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊಶேࡢᩆ῭ࡸ⠇ไ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬࢆ㔜せどࡍࡿࠋ
⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ⤌⧊ࡣ୰ኸࡢᨻ⟇Ỵᐃᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿᖖ௵ᇳ⾜ጤဨ఍ࡢୗ఩࡟ከᵝ࡞⤌⧊ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋୗ㒊⤌⧊࡟ࡣ㒔
ᕷ㈋Ẹ༠㆟఍ࠊ୰ᑠၟᕤே༠㆟఍ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ㟷ᖺᏛ⏕༠㆟఍ࠊᘚㆤኈ఍ࠊປാ⪅༠㆟఍ࠊዪᛶጤဨ఍ࠊ௖ᩍ⣔ࢢ
47
୍᪉ࠊ㐠ື୺యࢆ୍ࡘࡢ⤌⧊ࡢୗ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ⌮ᛕ࡟ᑐࡍࡿጼໃࡶఝ࡚㠀࡞ࡿࡶࡢ
ࡔࠋ఍ဨᩘࡣᕧ኱࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡀⷧ࠿ࡗࡓ €tjh ࡣࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ
ᩍ⌮ᛕ࡜♫఍ཧຍࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿ⌮ᛕࡢ෌ᵓᡂࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ€tjh ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍⓗඹ
ྠయ࡜Ẹ୺୺⩏♫఍ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࠊࡑࡢᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ே㛫࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ €tjh ఍ဨ
࡟ồࡵࡓ㸦኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊX`__㸧ࠋG
௚᪉ࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡢ⌮ᛕࡣࠕ୰㛫ᒙࡢ⣲ᮔ࡞ᕼᮃ࡛࠶ࡿ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࠊ♫఍ᖹ➼ࠊ⎔ቃಖ඲ࠖ࡟
࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣࡑࢀ࡟⮳ࡿ᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㆟ㄽࡋ࡞࠸ࠋᚋ࡟⤒ᐇ㐃⤌⧊ጤဨ㛗࡜࡞
ࡿࢩ࣭ࣥࢹࢠࣗࣥࡀ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࠊ⌮ᛕ࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚⯡ᕷẸࡢᨭᣢࢆኻࡗࡓẸ⾗㐠ືࢆ཯
㠃ᩍᖌ࡟ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ
ࠕ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡣ⌮ᛕࢆᐃ❧ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࣁ࣭ࢫࣥࢳࣕࣥࠊYWWW㸧ࠋG
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⤒ᐇ㐃ࡣ⌮ᛕࡀ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㈨ᮏ୺⩏యไࡢ⫯ᐃ࡜⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡢ㔜どࠊࡑ
ࡋ࡚Ẹ⾗࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉ࡢྰᐃࡣ༑ศ࡟⌮ᛕⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡢ㔜どࡣᮅ㩭༙ᓥ኱ࡢ
ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㡑ᅜ࡜࠸࠺ᅜᐙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮔ
ṇ⇊኱⤫㡿࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭㏆௦໬࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ୍ᐃࡢホ౯ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
㈨ᮏࡢ⵳✚࡟࠾࠸࡚໅ຮࡉ࡜⠇⣙ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣦ࢙࣮ࣂ࣮ⓗぢゎࢆ᥼⏝Z[ࡋࠊປാ
⪅ࡀࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗࡸᢞᶵ࡟㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆၥ㢟どࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕၿ࡞ࡿពᚿࠖࢆᣢࡗࡓேࠎࡀ⮬
ࡽࡢ㈎ḧࡉ࡜฼ᕫ୺⩏ࢆṇࡋ࡚♫఍ⓗබṇࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᕷẸ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿ
࡜ࡋࡓࠋG
G
࠾ࢃࡾ࡟G
G
㡑ᅜࡢᕷẸ㐠ືࡣ⤒ᐇ㐃࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢṔྐⓗ㉳※࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࢟ࣜ
ࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືෆࡢ㊰⥺ᑐ❧ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ཯యไ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤᙎᅽࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᨻ἞ⓗ≧ἣ࡛ࠊ
㡑ᅜࡢ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡣ^Wᖺ௦࡟ࡑࡢேⓗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜♫఍ኚ㠉࡜࠸࠺᐀ᩍⓗពᚿ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚Ẹ୺໬㐠ືࡢ୰᰾࡟ᾋୖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮔṇ⇊኱⤫㡿ࡢᬯẅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ẹ
୺໬ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓX`_Wᖺ࡟ࡣࠊගᕞ஦௳࡞࡝ᢚᅽⓗయไࡢᭀຊᛶࡀࡉࡽ࡟ᙉ
ࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ᪂ᒁ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ♫఍ၥ㢟ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゎỴࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺᰿ᮏⓗၥ㢟
࡟ᑐࡋࠊ␗࡞ࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀⓏሙࡋࡓࠋ୍ࡘࡣ࣐ࣝࢡࢫ୺⩏ⓗ࡞㠉࿨ㄽ㸦✚ᴟ㜚தㄽ㸧࡛
࠶ࡾࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ኱⾗ᛶࢆ෌ࡧ☜ಖࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺኱⾗⤌⧊ㄽ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋG
✚ᴟ㜚தㄽࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ rzjm ࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲẸ୺໬㐠ືࡢ୺⩼࡛࠶ࡗࡓᏛ⏕㐠ື࡟ྜὶࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ୍᪉ࡢ኱⾗⤌⧊ㄽࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࡢ୺యᛶ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࢆព㆑ࡋ࡞ࡀ
࣮ࣝࣉ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤌⧊ࡀ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟άືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⤌⧊ẕయ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ㐠ືࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡉ࠼
ࡶୗ㒊⤌⧊࡟⦅ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௖ᩍ⣔ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ྠิ࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡣὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓぢゎࡣᮔୡ㐓ࡀX`__ᖺࡢⴭ᭩࡛୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜ࡜࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡍࡿ㸦ᮔୡ㐓ࠊX`__㸧ࠋ
48
ࡽࠊ€tjh ࡟άືࡢሙᡤࢆ⛣ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ᪉ྥᛶ࡟ⱞᝎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ€tjh ࡀྜἲබ㛤
㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙜ᫬ࡢ᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ€tjh ࡢ㐠ືࡣࡸࡣࡾẸ⾗ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿ࡭
ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺᪉ྥᛶࡣⰍ⃰ࡃṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋࡑࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ୰㛫ᒙㄽࡣࠊ€tjh
ࡢ⤌⧊ᵓᡂࢆ୰㛫ᒙ㸻ᑠᕷẸ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋࠊࡑࡢ᮲௳࠿ࡽ €tjh ࡀẸ⾗ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㐠ືࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᕷẸ㐠ື࡜࿧ࢇࡔࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡣࡑࡢ⤌⧊ࡢจ㞟ᛶ
ࢆಖࡘࡓࡵ࡟᥼⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
୍᪉ࠊኚ㠉୺యㄽࡣすὒᕷẸ㠉࿨࠿ࡽᕷẸࡢᴫᛕࢆ᥼⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊすὒ
Ẹ୺୺⩏㠉࿨ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓᕷẸໃຊࡀ㡑ᅜࡢẸ୺໬࡟ࡶᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ព㆑࠿ࡽࠊᕷẸ
ໃຊࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ᕷẸ㐠ືࡢᚲせᛶࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇ
ࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡢᕷẸࡣࣈࣝࢪࣙ࢔ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊẸ୺୺⩏ࡢᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ὀຊࡍࡿ㡑
ᅜᅜẸ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡛඲㝵⣭ⓗ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍⓗ࢔࢖ࢹ
ࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡣࡑࡢ㐠ືࢆ⋡ඛࡍࡿ㈨᱁࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࠋG
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᭤ࡀࡾ࡞ࡾ࡟ࡶẸ୺໬ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓX``Wᖺึ㢌ࡢ≧ἣࡣࠊࡇࡢᕷẸ㐠ືࡢᴫᛕ
ࡢ෌ᵓᡂࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋᚎி㘏ࡢᣢࡘே⬦࡜Ẹ⾗㐠ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢈุព㆑ࡀฟ఍ࡗ࡚࡛ࡁࡓ
⤒ᐇ㐃࡜࠸࠺ࠕᕷẸ㐠ືࠖࡣࠊ୰㛫ᒙㄽ࡜ኚ㠉୺యㄽࡢᢡ⾺࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓩሙࡋࡓࠋேཱྀࡢ^WL
ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ୰㛫ᒙࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐠ື࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᕷẸ㐠ືࡢ㝵ᒙᛶࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊኚ㠉୺యㄽⓗ࡞
ࠕぬ㓰ࡋࡓಶேࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄽ⌮ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࠊከ✀ከᵝ࡞ேࠎࢆ⤌⧊࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡶ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣಶேࡢ⮬୺ⓗ࡞ཧຍ࡜࠸࠺ᕷẸᛶࡼࡾࡶࠊ཯࣐ࣝࢡࢫ୺⩏ⓗ࡞㢼
₻ࡢୗࠊᚎி㘏ࡢࢯ࢘ࣝ኱Ꮫࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓே⬦࡟ࡼࡿ⤌⧊໬࡜࠸࠺ᴟࡵ࡚ࠕ㝵ᒙࠖⓗ࡞⤌
⧊ࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋG
ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜࡢᕷẸ㐠ືࡣࠊᶒጾ୺⩏యไ࡟ࡼࡿᙎᅽᙉ໬࡜ࡑࢀ࡟❧ࡕྥ࠿࠺࢟ࣜࢫࢺ
ᩍ㐠ື࡜࠸࠺᫬௦ⓗ᮲௳ࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊX``Wᖺ௦ࡢẸ
୺୺⩏ࡢ᫬௦࡟ᕷẸ♫఍ࡀᡂ㛗ࡋࡓドᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿᕷẸ㐠ືᅋయࡢά㌍ࡣࠊẸ୺໬
㐠ືࡢ⌮ᛕᑐ❧ࡸ⤌⧊ᵓ㐀ࢆከศ࡟཯ᫎࡋࡓ᫬௦ⓗ࡞⏘≀࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋG
49
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩G
G
᪥ᮏㄒᩥ⊩G
藀ὃဴ㸦࣭࢜ࣄࣙࣥࢳࣙࣝ㸧ࠊYWW[ࠊࠕˈ㡑ᅜࡢᕷẸ♫఍࡟ᑐࡍࡿศᯒᯟ⤌ࡳࡢᶍ⣴ࠖࠊG
ࠗ❧࿨㤋ᅜ㝿ᆅᇦ◊✲࠘
ࠊG➨YYྕ㸦YWW[ᖺZ᭶㸧㸸ZTX`ࠋG
ᚎ຾㸦ࢯ࣭ࢫࣥ㸧ࠊYWWZࠊࠕᏵ▼ඔⴭࠊ⌧௦㡑ᅜ᠇ᨻྐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜᐙ⥭ᛴᶒࠖࠊ❧࿨㤋ἲᏛ
YWWZᖺX᭶ྕ㸦Y_^ྕ㸧
㸸[YX㸫[Z^ࠋG
㧗␊㏻ᩄࠊX`^]ࠊGࠗᨻ἞Ꮫ࡬ࡢ㐨᱌ෆ࠘ࠊ୕୍᭩ᡣࠋG
G
G
㡑ᅜㄒᩥ⊩G
࢖࣭ࢢࣥࢯࣥࠊX`_[ࠊࠕ⥔᪂ᨻᶒ࡜ᅾ㔝ໃຊࡢⓏሙࠖࠊࣁ࣭ࣥࢫࣥ࣍ࣥ⦅ࠗ⥔᪂యไ࡜Ẹ୺
໬㐠ື࠘ࠊ୕Ẹ♫ࠋG
㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍᏛ⏕఍⥲㐃┕㸦rzjm㸧
ࠊX``_ࠊࠗ㡑ᅜᇶ╩Ꮫ⏕఍⥲㐃┕\Wᖺྐ࠘ࠊࢱࣛࢡ࢛࢘
ࣥࠋ
࣭࢝ࣥࢩࣥࢳࣙࣝࠊX`__ࠊࠗ_Wᖺ௦㡑ᅜᏛ⏕㐠ືྐ㸫ᛮ᝿࡜⤌⧊㊰⥺ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸫࠘
ࠊࣄࣙ
ࣥࢯࣥࢧࠋ
࣒࣭࢟ࢪࣗࣥࢩࢡࠊX`_\ࠊࠕ♫఍㐠ືࡢഃ㠃࠿ࡽぢࡓ €tjh 㐠ືࠖࠊ€tjh ᖿ஦ㄽᩥࠊ㡑
ᅜ €tjh ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ ››—aVVžžžU ”Šˆ’–™ŒˆU–™ŽV—ŒˆŠŒ–•VŠˆ›ŒŽ–™ VX\`^W ࠿
ࡽྲྀᚓࠋ
࣒࢟㺃࣑ࣙࣥ࣋ࠊYWW`ࠊࠗゎᨺᚋ㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍ♫఍㐠ືྐ㸫Ẹ୺໬࡜ேᶒ㐠ືࢆ୰ᚰ࡟
㸦X`]W㸫X`_^㸧࠘ࠊࣈࢵࢡࢥࣜ࢔ࠋG
࣒࣭࢟ࣚࣥ࢖ࣝࠊX`_[ࠊࠕ㡑ᅜᇶ╩ᩍࡢ♫఍ཧ୚ࠖࠊࣁ࣭ࣥࢫࣥ࣍ࣥ⦅ࠗ⥔᪂యไ࡜Ẹ୺໬
㐠ື࠘ࠊ୕Ẹ♫ࠋ
ࢯ࣭ࢠࣙࣥࢯࢡࠊYWW^ࠊࠕࢯ࣭ࢠࣙࣥࢯࢡࢥ࣒ࣛ“⚾ࡢࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ“ࠖࠊࢯࢠࣙࣥࢯࢡ࣮࣒࣍
࣮࣌ࢪ ››—aVVžžžUšœ’ œ•Žšœ’U—ŒU’™Vཧ↷ࠋ
኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊX`_]ࠊࠗ㡑ᅜ €tjh 㐠ືྐ࠘ࠊࣟฟ∧ࠋ
኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠊX`__ࠊࠗ㡑ᅜ €tjh ࡢ⌮ᛕ㏣ồXᕳ㸫XZᕳྜᮏ࠘ࠊ኱㡑 €tjh 㐃┕ࠋ
ࢳ࣭ࣕࣘࣥࢪ࢙ࠊX`_]ࠊࠕ኱㡑 €tjh 㐠ືࡢṔྐ࡜ㄢ㢟ࠖࠊ€tjh ᖿ஦ㄽᩥࠊ㡑ᅜ €tjh
࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ ››—aVVžžžU ”Šˆ’–™ŒˆU–™ŽV—ŒˆŠŒ–•VŠˆ›ŒŽ–™ VX\`^W ࠿ࡽྲྀᚓࠋG
ࢳࣙ㺃ࣄࣚࣥࠊYWXWࠊࠕᗎ❶㸸“ᕧ኱࡞㐠ື”࡬ࡢ཰ᩡ࠿ࡽ“㐪࠸ࡢ㐠ື”࡬ࡢศ໬㸫㡑ᅜẸ୺
໬㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍㐠ືࡢኚ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ
ࠊࢳࣙ㺃ࣄࣚࣥࠊ࣒࢟㺃ࢻࣥࢳࣗࣥࠊ࢟
50
࣒࣭ࢪࣙࣥࣇࣥ⦅ࠗᕧ኱࡞㐠ື࠿ࡽ㐪࠸ࡢ㐠ື࡬㸫㡑ᅜẸ୺໬࡜ศ໬ࡍࡿ♫఍㐠ື࠘ࠊ
ࣁࣥ࢘ࣝ㸸Y\TXZ^ࠋG
ࢳ࣭ࣙࣅࣙࣥ࣍ࠊYWW\ࠊࠗ㡑ᅜᇶ╩㟷ᖺᏛ⏕㐠ືXWWᖺྐᩓ⟇࠘ࠊࢱ࢚ࣥࢫࢩࣥࢡࣝࢩࠋ
ࣁ࣭ࢫࣥࢳࣕࣥࠊYWWW㸬ࠗࣁ࣭ࢫࣥࢳࣕࣥࡢ unv ࡢࡣ࡞ࡋ࠘
ࠊࣚࢡࢧࢿࢵࢺࠋG
Ẹ୺໬㐠ືグᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤ⦅ࠊYWW`ࠊࠗ㡑ᅜẸ୺໬㐠ືྐY㸫⥔᪂యไᮇ࠘ࠊࢺࣝ࣋ࢤࠋG
Ẹ୺໬㐠ືグᛕ஦ᴗ఍◊✲ᡤ⦅ࠊYWXWࠊࠗ㡑ᅜẸ୺໬㐠ືྐZ㸫ࢯ࢘ࣝࡢ᫓࠿ࡽᩥẸᨻᗓᶞ
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51
⯙㭯ࠊ㧗⾜೺ࡢᩥᏛ
̿Ḣᕞࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛᚓࡓࡩࡓࡘࡢᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚̿
ᑠ➟ཎ῟㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸ᅜ❧ࣃࣜᨻ἞Ꮫ㝔㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸧
ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
⚾ࡣ ,73 Ḣᕞࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࠊ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥࠿ࡽ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࡲ࡛ࡢ஬ࣨ᭶㛫ࠊ
ࣃࣜᨻ἞Ꮫ㝔࡟␃Ꮫࡋࡓࠋࣃࣜᕷ ༊࡟࠶ࡿࣃࣜᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ㒔ᕷෆ㸦&LW«,QWHUQDWLRQDOH
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ࡢ࠶ࡿࢧࣥࢪ࢙࣐ࣝࣥࢹࣗࣉࣞࡲ࡛ 5(5 ࡜࣓ࢺ࡛ࣟ㏻ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜ❧ᅗ᭩
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¢3DULV㸧ࠊࢥ࣮ࣞࢪ࣭ࣗࢻ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸦&ROOªJHGH)UDQFH㸧ࡢἲ⹒すᏛ㝔₎Ꮫ◊✲ᡤࠊ࢜
࣌ࣛࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒᏛᰯ࡟ࡶ㢖⦾࡟㊊ࢆ㐠ࢇࡔࠋ᪥ᮏ㤋ࡢఫ⎔ቃࡣࡍࡇࡪࡿᛌ㐺࡛ࠊࡑࡢୖ
ᅗ᭩㤋࡞࡝ࡢ᪋タࡶ඘ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ◊✲࡟ᑓᛕࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
ࣃࣜᨻ἞Ꮫ㝔࡛ࡣࠊྎ‴ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᨻ἞Ꮫࢆ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ )UDQFRLVH0HQJLQ ᩍᤵ࡟ᩍ࠼
ࢆ௮࠸ࡔࠋᥦฟࡋࡓ◊✲ィ⏬᭩࡟ἢࡗ࡚㐍ᤖ≧ἣࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚୰ᅜ
ᩥᏛ㛵ಀࡢ◊✲⪅ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋࢥ࣮ࣞࢪ࣭ࣗࢻ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ₎Ꮫ㝔࡛ྎ‴⌧௦
ᩥᏛࢆ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ(VWKHU/LQ5RVRODWR༟❧ඛ⏕ࡶࡑࡢࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⚾ࡀ ,73 ࡟ࡼࡿࣃࣜ␃Ꮫࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊḟࡢ஧Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏
࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ஧Ⅼ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
୍ࠊྎ‴ྠ᫬௦ᩥᏛ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⯙㭯ᑠㄝࡢ◊✲࡜⩻ヂࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ
᳜ࠗẸᆅᩥ໬◊✲࠘➨ ྕ㸦㸧࡟Ⓨ⾲ࠋ
஧ࠊ୰ᅜᙜ௦ᩥᏛ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࣃࣜᅾఫࡢ⳹ேసᐙࠊ㧗⾜೺࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅࣗ
࣮ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ
୍㒊ࢆࠗࡍࡤࡿ࠘ ᖺ ᭶ྕ࡬Ⓨ⾲ࠋ
୍ࠊ⯙㭯ᑠㄝࡢ◊✲࡜⩻ヂ
༟❧ඛ⏕ࡣࠊྎ‴ฟ㌟ࡢྎ‴⌧௦ᩥᏛࡢ◊✲⪅ࠊ⩻ヂᐙࡔࡀࠊ࡞࠿࡛ࡶᑓ㛛ࡣࠊ⯙㭯
ᑠㄝࡢ◊✲ཬࡧ⩻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⯙㭯㸦㸫 㸧࡜ࡣᙜ௦ྎ‴ᩥᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᑠㄝ
ᐙࡢ୍ே࡜ࡉࢀࠊṦ࡟ࠕ஧༑୍ୡ⣖ࡢྎ‴ᩥᏛࢆㄒࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᚲࡎ⯙㭯࠿ࡽጞࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸦⋤ᚨጾࠕཎ㒓ே⿬ⓗ␗㒓ே̿㔜ㄞ⯙㭯ⓗࠓᝒയࠔ
ࠖࠊඵ㡫㸧࡜⛠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ஑
52
༑ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ஧༑୍ୡ⣖࡟⮳ࡿᮇ㛫࡟㢧ⴭ࡞௙஦ࢆࡋࡓసᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊྎ‴ᩥᏛ⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡁ
ࢃࡵ࡚㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆ࠶ࡓ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⯙㭯ࡢᮏྡࡣ㝞ᅜᇛࠋࠕ㏨ර஧ဪࠖ㸦㸧ࡢⓎ⾲࠿
ࡽ➹ྡࢆ⯙㭯࡜ᨵࡵࡓࠋᖺࠊྎ‴჆⩏ᕷ⏕ࡲࢀࠋᡂຌ኱ᏛỈ฼⣔࡟ධᏛᚋࠊ୰ᩥ⣔࡟
㌿ᏛࠊᏛ㒊᫬௦࡟᭩ࡁୖࡆࡓฎዪసࠕ∻୹⛅ࠖ
㸦ࠗ㛗኱㟷ᖺ࠘஧ඵᮇࠊ㸧࡛ᡂຌ኱Ꮫ㬅
ตᶞᩥᏛ㈹ཷ㈹ࠊ⩣ᖺࡢࠗ୰እᩥᏛ࠘࡟㌿㍕ࡉࢀసᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡉࡏࡿࠋ
ᖺࠊᙇᜅ㇦ࠊチ⣲⹒ࡽ࡜ࠗ๓⾨ᩥᏛྀห࠘ࢆ๰หࠋྠㄅ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࠕᚤ⣽ⓗ୍⥺㤶ࠖ
ࡀࠗභ༑୐ᖺᗘᑠㄝ㑅࠘
ࠊ୍ࠗ஑୐ඵᖺྎ‴ᑠㄝ㑅࠘࡟ྠ᫬ධ㑅ࠋ㏥ᙺᚋࠊᖺ࠿ࡽῐỈ
࡟⛣ࡾఫࡳࠊ༑ᖺ㛫ᗃᒃࡋ୍࡚ษసရࢆⓎ⾲ࡏࡎ࡟ࠕㄞ᭩࡟⪮ࡾࠊ๰సᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ࠖࠊࡇࡢ
ࠕ༑ᖺ㛫࡛ᩘከࡢ⚗ᚷࡸ㔜Ⲵࢆྲྀࡾ㝖࠸ࡓࠖ㸦ᚋグࠗᝒയ࠘S㸧࡜࠸࠺ࠋᖺࠊ༑ᩘᖺ
᣺ࡾ࡜࡞ࡿᑠㄝࠕ㏨ර஧ဪࠖࢆࠗᩥᏛྎ‴࠘๰หྕ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࠊ࿋⃮ὶᩥᏛ㈹ࢆཷ㈹ࡍࡿࠋ௨
ᚋࠊࠕㄪᰝ㸸ླྀ㏙ࠖ㸦㸧ࠊࠕᣠ㦵ࠖ㸦㸧ࠊࠕᝒയࠖ㸦㸧ࠊࠕᛮ⣴㜿㑥࣭༩㟢ᯟࠖ㸦㸧
࡞࡝ࡢ୰▷⦅ᑠㄝࢆḟࠎ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࠊ୍㌍ᩥቭࡢ⬮ගࢆᾎࡧࡓࠋࡑࡢ௚ࡢ௦⾲స࡟ࠊ㟝♫஦
௳ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㛗⦅ࠗవ⏕࠘
㸦㯏⏣ฟ∧ࠊ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏ┬ே࡛࠶ࡿ⯙㭯ࡢᑠㄝ๰సࡣࠊྎ‴ࡢ㒓ᅵ࡜Ṕྐ࡟᰿ࡊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡢ㉥〄ࠎ࡞࢚ࢡ
ࣜࢳ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊᝒယ࡟ࡳࡕࡓྎ‴ࡢࠕグ᠈ࡢṧ㧁ࡢ࡞࠿࠿ࡽ㦵ࢆᣠ࠸ୖࡆࡿࠖ㸦⋤ᚨጾࠊ୐
㡫㸧ࡇ࡜࡟ఝࡓᩥᏛႠⅭ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙼࡣ᭩ࡃ࡜࠸࠺൤ᘧ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊྎ‴ࡢࠕᝒ᝟ࠖࢆ㙠㨦ࡍ
ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㒓ᅵᛶ࡜ࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ࡢΰΆࡣࠊ⯙㭯ᑠㄝࡢ኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣ
ྠ᫬࡟ᙼࡢᑠㄝࢆࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᬉ῰࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡣᅜㄒࡢ࡞࠿࡟ྎ‴ㄒࢆඹᏑࡉࡏࠊ
⌧⾜ࡢⓑヰᩥࡢᙧᘧ࡟཰ࡲࡽ࡞࠸๓⾨ⓗ࡞ゝㄒ㐠⏝ࢆࡋ࡚ࠊ≀ㄒࢆ㏞ᐑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀࡟ᑟ
࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᑠㄝゝㄒࡣリⓗゝㄒ࡜ྎ‴ᗢẸࡢ᪥ᖖㄒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⧊ࡾ࡞ࡉࢀࡿወጁ࡞ླྀ㏙
య࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼࡃࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⯙㭯ࡢᬉ῰࡞ゝㄒࡣ᫬࡟ࠊㄞࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣄࡴࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࢸࢡࢫࢺ⌮ゎࡣ⮬ࡎ࡜ேࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡾࠊṦ࡟ࢹ࢕ࢸ࣮ࣝࡢゎㄞ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣỴᐃᛶ࡟Ḟࡁࠊ
࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ⬦࡛ㄞࡴ࠿ࡣ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣಶேࡢุ᩿࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢᑠㄝゝㄒࡢᬉ῰ࡉࡺ࠼࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛⯙㭯ᑠㄝࡣ⩻ヂࡀᅔ㞴࡞ᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀ
࡚ࡁࡓࠋᐇ㝿࡟᪥ᮏࡸ㡑ᅜࠊ୰ᅜᩥᏛࡢ⩻ヂࡀ┒ࢇ࡞ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢ⩻ヂ࡟ࡣ
ᡭࡀࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⚾ࡀゼࡡࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ༟❧ඛ⏕ࡣ⯙㭯ࡢ௦⾲సࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࠊ᭱ࡶᬉ
῰࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠊ㛗⦅ࠗవ⏕࠘㸦㸧ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒヂࢆ⤊࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢヂ᭩
ࡣ௒ᖺභ᭶ࠊ⯙㭯ᑠㄝࡢึࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒヂ͆/HV6XUYLYDQWV͇࡜ࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ᫬ᮇࠊ⚾ࡶ⯙㭯ࡢ▷⦅ᑠㄝࠕㄪᰝ㸸ླྀ㏙ࠖ
㸦㸧ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠋ
ࠕㄪᰝ㸸
ླྀ㏙ࠖࡣ஧࣭஧ඵ஦௳ࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋࡓᑠㄝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ⮬ࡎ࡜ࠊ⯙㭯ࡢ㞴ゎ࡞
ᩥయࢆ࠸࠿࡟ヂࡍ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ༟❧ඛ⏕ࡣཎసࡢླྀ㏙ࢫࢱ࢖
ࣝ࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡾࠊ┤ヂࢆᚰ᥃ࡅ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ព࿡ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ㏻ࡽ࡞࠸㒊ศࡀ࡛࡚
ࡁ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡀస⪅ࡢពᅗ࡞ࡢ࡛⮴ࡋ᪉࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊྃⅬࡸẁⴠࡀ
࡯࡜ࢇ࡝Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠗవ⏕࠘ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡟┤ヂࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ࡶ฿ᗏ↓⌮࡞⟠ᡤࡀከ
ᩘ࠶ࡗࡓࡽࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣࠊ୰ᅜᩥ໬࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ㛫࡟ᶓࡓࢃࡿ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟῝
࠸⁁࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ୰ᅜㄒ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏㄒ࡬ヂࡍ㝿࡟ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢫࢺࣞࢫࡣᗄศ࠿㍍ῶࡉ
53
ࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠊ࡜⚾ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
⚾ࡣࠕㄪᰝ㸸ླྀ㏙ࠖࢆヂࡋ⤊࠼࡚࠿ࡽࠊ༟❧ඛ⏕࡜ࡇࡢᑠㄝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ௜ࡁྜࢃࡏ
ࡓࠋ⣽㒊ࡢㄞゎࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣពぢࡢ┦㐪ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬㌟ࡢゎㄞ࣑ࢫࡸㄞゎ
ຊ୙㊊ࡶὙ࠸ฟࡉࢀࠊ཰✭ࡣࡇ࡜ࡢ࡯࠿኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⩻ヂ࡟཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ௚ᅜࡢ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀྠࡌࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ࡝࠺ㄞࡳࠊࡲࡓ࡝࠺ヂࡍ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࢆࠊ
㆟ㄽࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㌟ࢆࡶࡗ࡚▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⯙㭯ᑠㄝࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠕㄪᰝ㸸ླྀ㏙ࠖࡢ⩻ヂࡣࠊ℈⏣ඛ⏕࡟ࡈᣦᑟ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᚋࠊゞṇࢆຍ࠼ࠊ᳜ࠗẸᆅ
ᩥ໬◊✲࠘➨ ྕ㸦㸧࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ⯙㭯ᑠㄝࡢึࡢ᪥ᮏㄒヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
௨ୗ࡟⯙㭯ࡢᑠㄝゝㄒࡢ≉Ⰽࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ⯙㭯ࡢᑠㄝ࡛ከ⏝ࡉࢀࡿᢏᕦࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡀゝⴥ
ࡢ㔜」࡛࠶ࡿࠋከ⩏ⓗ࡞ព࿡ࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿゝⴥࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᩥయ࡟⊂⮬ࡢࣜࢬ࣒ឤ࡜
ㅊㅩ࿡ࢆ୚࠼ࠊ≀ㄒࢆ๓㐍࣭ᒎ㛤ࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࡢ౛ᩥ㸦㸯㸧࠿ࡽ㸦㸲㸧࡛ᙉㄪ
࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࡑࢀ࡟ᙜࡓࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ౛㸦㸱㸧ࡢࠕჸఢ⁲ࠖཬࡧ౛㸦㸲㸧ࡢࠕ㎘ౝౝౝࠖ
ࡣ࢜ࣀ࣐ࢺ࡛࣌࠶ࡿࠋᩜ⾝ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ
ࠕ㎘ౝౝౝࠖࡣ㌷⏝㌴ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ㡢࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠕ᤯
䎧↖ಘ̿̿ࠖ࡜ኌ㧗࡟⩌⾗ࢆ㰘⯙ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ஧࣭஧ඵ஦௳ࡢẸ⾗ࡢᣦᑟ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢭ
ࣥࢸࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊᅜ㌷㌷⏝㌴ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ㡢࡜⻏㉳ࡋࡓྎ‴ᮏ┬ேࡀࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥࢆྉࡪኌࢆ஺
஫࡟㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏࠊ୧⪅ࡢ㡢࡜ኌ࡜ࢆᣕᢠࡉࡏ࡚⾲ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᑐ❧ࡍࡿ୧⪅ࡢຊ㛵ಀ࡜࡯࡝
࡞ࡃᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿᕷẸࡢ⹢ẅ࡜࠸࠺኱᝺஦ࢆᡃࠎ࡟ணឤࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⯙㭯ࡢࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢏᕦࡀ⚾ࡓࡕ࡟ᐜ᫆࡟᝿㉳ࡉࡏࡿࡢࡀࠊ
ࠗ⌧௦ᩥᏛ࠘ࡀ㍮ฟࡋࡓࣔࢲࢽ
ࢬ࣒సᐙ⋤ᩥ⯆㸦㹼㸧ࡢ๰స࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦㸴㸧࡟ᙼࡢసရ࠿ࡽࢭࣥࢸࣥࢫࢆᢤࡁฟࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ࡯ࢇࡢ୍౛࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ⯙㭯ࡢᑠㄝᢏᕦࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ࡣࠊ⋤ᩥ⯆ࡢ๰సࡢᙳ
㡪ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿ࡜ゝ࠺࡭ࡁࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢᩥ⬦࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊ⯙㭯ࡣࠕ⌧௦ᩥᏛὴࠖࡢ᭱ᚋ
ࡢ⥅ᢎ⪅࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁᏑᅾ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸦㸵㸧࡟୍౛ࢆᣲࡆࡓࡢࡣゝⴥ㐟ࡧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣠ㦵ࡢ൤ᘧࡢᙜ᪥࡟㛗඗ࡀ஌ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࢻ࢖
ࢶࡢ㧗⣭㌴࡟ࠕ౽ụࠖ࡜࠸࠺⌋ጁ࡞ྠ㡢␗⩏ㄒࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊྎ໭࡜࠸࠺኱㒔ᕷ
ࡢ㓇ụ⫗ᯘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸᥾ᥟ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣ⌧⾜ࡢ౯್ほࢆⴭࡋࡃಽ㘒ࡏࡋࡵࠊ
≀㉁୺⩏ࠊྜ⌮୺⩏࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ゝୗ࡟␗㆟⏦ࡋ❧࡚ࢆ⾜࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ౽ụࠖࡣࠕ᤯㏃☏᭸
⳺⮦⭏ભᤷ⁉Ⲵࠖ࡜ࡍࡿ㛗඗ࡢ㌴࡛࠶ࡾࠊ඗ࡢ⛣ື㟁ヰࡢྥࡇ࠺࠿ࡽࡣࠕ㇦⳹ⓗ኱ྚሙࠖ
ࡢࡊࢃࡵࡁࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼ࠊྎ໭ࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮௻ᴗ࡟ດࡵࡿ඗ࡣࡑࡢ㞧㡢ࡢ୰࡛ࠕⴻ㾱ཊቁ
䥒͏䗖һ㾱ᴹ᭸⦷ˈ㾱ਸ㏃☏᭸⳺ࠖ㸦S㸧࡜ヰࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡇ࡟ᣲࡆࡓࡢࡣ୍㒊࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⯙㭯ࡢᑠㄝゝㄒࡣࠊ㔜」࡜ᨃኌㄒࠊ㐀
ㄒࠊ⚾ⓗ୺ほⓗ࡞࢖࣓ࢪ࣮ࣕࣜࠊㅕ่ࠊㅊㅩࠊࡑࡋ࡚᫬ᢡ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿྎ‴ㄒ㸦ࡑࢀ࡯࡝㢧
ⴭ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸧ࡀΰΆࡋࠊࠕᬉ῰ࡉࠖࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
౛㸯
նᱟቯቯᱟ⛪Ҷ偠オሿ㞩ˈオⲴሿ㞩‫ׯ‬ᯬ仴⎞ˈ◑⳶ᱟऔ㐤仴⎞Ⲵྭൠᯩ͏ྲ᷌֐㜭൘
◑⳶ѝ仴⎞ˈ֐ቡ㜭൘䙉伋俣Ⲵ⚛䓺ᓲѝ仴⎞ˈ䛓哬⨮൘֐ቡ仴⎞൘ཙาѻጦⲴԫօа
54
‫⊐⌣ػ‬ҶDŽ
㸦ࠗᣠ㦵࠘3㸧
౛㸰
ࠕ唁ᗳ⸣ʽణᩆல䚴ᴹаぞই䶎䙢ਓⲴ唁ᗳ⸣ˈ⸣䶒ᒬ⿰ਟ∄ቁྣн䕨ᡁⲴ䶒㚹Ⳟˈ
к⿞ᤌ≁℺䐟੣㪓ቡᴯ㘱⇽䋧Ҷа㋂DŽࠖ
唁ᗳ⸣ʽᡁ⟜ᱲ᭮᡻ṳ㖀ྭ゙゙㩭൘йཚᆀңⓍ䯃DŽ唁ᗳ⸣ʽཙᓅлㄏᴹ䙉㡜⸣九
ᮒ㠚ちᱟࠕ唁ᗳࠖDŽ唁ᗳа㋂ሖ‫ܩ‬Ҽ㩜ഋˈⴻ൘֐⿻ⅼ㠵ӻ㍩ֶⲴ䶒кˈ唁ᗳ⸣а㋂㩜
‫ޛ‬DŽᡁ㘫䕹九亡᢮ሻᗳⴞѝⲴ唁ᗳ⸣DŽ
㸦ྠࠊ3㸧
౛㸱
↓⮦↔ᱲᡁ㚭㾻аਠ৊䟽Ⲵᶡ㾯ᚴᚴ➴൘䮰ਓˈ਼ᱲಐఢ┤нᇒ≓Ⲵಐఢ┤̿̿
䴓ᗇབྷକᣡⅹ⮦Ҷаཙᡁ‫ف‬ᐖ䝠ਣ㠽Ⲵ䎧ᒺ匕ˈಐఢ┤ಐఢ┤
‫ڌ‬൘ᐲ๤ᐧਓˈᵋ㾻‫ޗ‬㻿‫ޝ‬㠵䒢൘≤ԉᇞࡽ䲾кˈಐఢ┤ಐఢ┤㸦ྠࠊ3㸧
౛㸲
ࠕ᤯䎧↖ಘ̿̿ࠖᕅ᫾㚢䚞䙾䛓Ӫˈਚа⡷䖏ౝౝౝDŽࠕ↖↖↖̿̿ࠖᧉ䘨ࠪˈࠕ↖̿̿
ಘˈ↖̿̿ಘࠖ䖏ౝౝౝDŽ
ࠕ᤯̿̿䎧̿̿↖̿̿ಘࠖլѾа޽৽༽ˈ
ࠕ᤯̿̿䎧̿̿↖̿̿
ಘࠖ䖏ౝౝౝDŽ䖏ౝౝౝDŽ
㸦ࠕㄪᰝ㸸ླྀ㏙ࠖ3㸧
౛㸦㸳㸧
ࠕ䱯̿̿⇽ˈ䱯̿̿⇽⇽⇽⇽⇽⇽͐͐ࠖࠕ⇽⇽⇽⇽⇽͐͐ࠖ
㸦ྠࠊS㸧
౛㸦㸴㸧
ᢃ㠚⁃ở串串九каⓌⓌ┮䏼━━㩭ҶлֶҶ‫ػ‬ҶҶ‫ػ‬Ҷ‫ػ‬ҶⲴ͐͐ѵѵѵѵѵ㘼ѵ
ѻѻ䮧䮧╛╛аབྷ⇥ᱲ䯃͐͐͐͐̿̿̿̿㸦⦻᮷㠸ࠗ㛼⎧ⲴӪ㸦ୖ㸧࠘⍚ㇴᴨ
ᓇǃ3㸧
ࠕ㘱࿆̿̿̿̿ᙚˈ㘱࿆̿̿̿̿ᙚ̿̿ˈ֐Ⲵབྷ㞯㚹䜭‫ޘ‬䜘㎖ᡁⴻࡠҶˈа唎䜭н
ⲭʽࠖ㸦⦻᮷㠸ࠗ㛼⎧ⲴӪ࠘S㸧
䙉ᱟ൘‫ޘޘ‬㎡㎡Ⲵ‫Ⲵނػ‬䙉а⑟␡ඁ◣⑟ࠩⲴ㼑䚺Ⲵᴰᴰᴰᴰᴰਸ䓛ち億ֶⲴⲴ‫Ⲵػ‬
ⲴⲴⲴа᧋ọ㾯㼍㽢ọDŽ
㸦ྠࠊ3㸧
౛㸦㸵㸧
‫ޝ‬㠵శԆ㘱䋘Ӻ⭏九а䚝඀䙉ぞ‫⊐ׯ‬䕾䓺ˈ⛪Ҷ඀䧞䙉ᗧ഻‫ˈ⊐ׯ‬Ԇ᱘ཌ㘱䚐ࡠᆹᒣ㎀
ᤌ‫ݴ‬ᕏ໷䃻ֶሿሺൠ㯿⦻DŽ
㸦ࠕᣠ㦵ࠖ
ࠊ3㸧
ⴻ୳㪇㛟ຄส͐͐ࠕᰙቡ੺䁤䙾֐‫ࠖˈف‬ҼକᢃᯧᡁⲴ䂡ˈࠕᗵ㾱᤮僘DŽࠖ㛟ຄส൘ᘾ
哬୳ҏ∄нкૡሿᱲ‫ى‬ᖼ䲒㠚ᇦ伺Ⲵ൏䴎DŽ
㸦ྠࠊ3㸧
஧ࠊ㧗⾜೺࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ
ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠊࣃࣜᅾఫࡢ⳹ேసᐙࠊ㧗⾜೺࡬༢⊂࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎ㧗⾜
೺ࡢ␎Ṕࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ
㧗⾜೺ࡣࠊ ᖺࠊ୰ᅜỤす┬༡㒊㉤ᕞ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋᢠ᪥๻ᅋࡢᙺ⪅࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓẕࡢᙳ
55
㡪ࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ᑡᖺ᫬௦࠿ࡽ₇๻ࡸᑠㄝ࡟⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡗࡓࠋ ᖺࠊࢯ㐃ࡢసᐙ࢚ࣞࣥࣈࣝࢢ
㸦㸧ࡀᥥ࠸ࡓࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢⱁ⾡ᐙࡓࡕࡢᬽࡽࡋࡪࡾ࡟㨩ࡏࡽࢀࠊ໭ிእᅜㄒᏛ㝔ࣇ
ࣛࣥࢫㄒ⛉࡟ධᏛࠋᅾᏛ୰࡟ࣈࣞࣄࢺࡢᡙ᭤࡟ゐࢀ⾪ᧁࢆཷࡅࠊᾏ㬑๻♫ࢆ⤌⧊ࠋࠗࢭࢳ
ࣗ࢔ࣥࡢၿே࠘࡞࡝ࡢ㒊ศⓗୖ₇ࢆヨࡳࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ ᖺ㏻ヂ࡜ࡋ࡚ᕮ㔠࡟㝶⾜ࡋ࡚ゼ௖ࠊ
ࡇࡢ㝿࡟ࡌ࠿࡟ࣃࣜࡢ₇๻࡟ゐࢀࠊ࣋ࢣࢵࢺࡢࠗࢦࢻ࣮ࢆᚅࡕ࡞ࡀࡽ࠘ࠊ࢖ࣚࢿࢫࢥࡢࠗ⚼
ࡢዪḷᡭ࠘ࡢホㄽࠕᕮ㯪ᡙ๻㝶➙ࠖࢆࠗ༑᭶࠘㸦 ᖺ ᮇ㸧࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ୙᮲⌮₇๻ࢆ᪩
࠸ẁ㝵࡛⫯ᐃⓗ࡟࡜ࡽ࠼ࡓ㝶➹࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㧗⾜೺ࡣࡇࡢ㡭࠿ࡽ⢭ຊⓗ࡟▷⦅ᑠㄝࢆ
ᇳ➹ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ᪂୰ᅜᡂ❧ᚋึࡢࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒⌮ㄽ᭩ࠊࠗ⌧௦ᑠㄝᢏᕦึ᥈࠘㸦㸧
ࢆⓎ⾲ࠊࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ㄽதࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࠋ ᖺ࡟ึࡢᡙ᭤ࠗ⤯ᑐಙྕ࠘ࢆⓎ⾲ࠊ୰ᅜᑠ๻
ሙ₇๻ࡢᄏ▮࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋྠᖺ࡟ࠗࢦࢻ࣮ࢆᚅࡕ࡞ࡀࡽ࠘ࡢᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ୙᮲⌮๻ࠊࠗࣂ
ࢫ೵࠘㸦㸧ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ
ᖺࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᣍ⪸࡛ฟᅜࠋ⩣ᖺ࠿ࡽࣃࣜ࡟ᅾࡋࠊ ᖺ࡟ኳᏳ㛛஦௳
ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ࡜ᡙ᭤ࠗ㏨ஸ࠘㸦 ᖺ㸧ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚ࠊஸ࿨ࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࠋ ᖺ࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜ⡠
ࢆྲྀᚓࠋ ᖺ ᭶ࠊ⳹ேసᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ึ࡜࡞ࡿࣀ࣮࣋ࣝᩥᏛ㈹ࢆཷ㈹ࡋࡓࠋ
୰ᅜᨻᗓࡣ㧗⾜೺ࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࣝᩥᏛ㈹ཷ㈹ࢆ㯲ẅࡋࡓࠋ㧗ࡀࠗ㏨ஸ࠘ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ኳᏳ㛛஦௳
࡟ᢠ㆟ࡋࠊ⌧୰ᅜᨻᶒ࡜ࡢỴูࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍▐࡟ࡋ࡚ᨾ㒓ࢆኻ࠸ࠊࢹ࢕࢔ࢫ
࣏ࣛ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㧗ࡣࠊࣃࣜ࡜࠸࠺␗㒓ࡢᆅ࡛ⱁ⾡ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆỴពࡍࡿࠋᅄ༑஑ṓ
ࡢ࡜ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⚾ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗෆᐜࡣࠊභࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐ࠊ༑ᅄࡢලయⓗ࡞㡯┠࠿ࡽᡂࡿࠋࡲ࡜ࡵ
ࢀࡤࠊᖺ௦ࡢ୰ᅜ࡛ࡢ๰సࢆஸ࿨ඛࣃ࡛ࣜ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽጞࡲࡾࠊࣔࢲࢽ
ࢬ࣒࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸㸦࢝ࣇ࢝࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸㸧ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ࡜࠸࠺ᑠㄝゝㄒࡢ㝈⏺࡜ྍ⬟ᛶࠊ๰స✵㛫
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣃࣜࠊࡇࢀࡽ࠿ࡽࡢᩥᏛ๰స࡜ᒎᮃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐣ཤ࠿ࡽ⌧ᅾ࡬ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ௒ᚋࡢᒎ
ᮃ࡟ゝཬࢆồࡵࡓᖜᗈࡃ୰㌟ࡢ⃰࠸ෆᐜ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୗ࡟ࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ⱝᖸࡢ᳨ウ
ࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋ
̿̿๰సࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࡇࢁࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ
ⱝ࠸㡭࠿ࡽ๰సࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ኱Ꮫ࡟࠶ࡀࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔᮏᙜ࡟సရࡀ
Ⓨ⾲࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊẟἑᮾࡢṚᚋࠊᩥ㠉ࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ୐༑ᖺ௦
ᮎ࠿ࡽඵ༑ᖺ௦ึ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃసရࡀⓎ⾲࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨๓࡟
᭩࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝↝࠸࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ༑సࡢ⬮ᮏࡶࡑࢀ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㎰ᮧ࡬ୗᨺࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㛗⦅ᑠㄝࡶ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡶ↝࠸࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ
ࡏࢇࠋᩥ㠉௨๓ࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊᑠㄝࠊリࠊᡙ᭤ࠊㄽᩥ࡝ࢀࡶ௒ࡣṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ
సရࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡣࡌࡵࡓࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ⢊○ᅄேᖝ㸦ᅄே⤌ࡢ⢊○㸧ࠖ௨ᚋ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
᪂ࡓ࡞ⱁ⾡๰సࡀᥦၐࡉࢀࡓ᫬ᮇ࡛ࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢ㡭ࡣࡲࡔ㠀ᖖ࡟ཝ᱁࡞ᙜᒁࡢࠕᑂᰝࠖ
56
ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࠕᑂᰝࠖ௨እ࡟స⪅⮬㌟࡟ࡼࡿࠕ⮬ᡃᑂᰝࠖ㸦VHOIFHQVRUVKLS㸧
ࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢసရࡣⓎ⾲࡛ࡁ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣ↓⌮ࡔࠊࡇࢀࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࢀࡤ㠃ಽ
࡞ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽゐࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟స⪅⮬㌟ࡀࠕ⮬ᡃᑂᰝࠖࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
୰ᅜᩥᏛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢࠕ⮬ᡃᑂᰝࠖࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ୰ᅜస
ᐙ࡟ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡀ୰ᅜ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓసရ࡜ୖ₇ࡋࡓヰ๻ࡣࠊᙜᒁࡢࠕᑂᰝࠖ
ࡢ௚࡟ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟ཝ᱁࡞ࠕ⮬ᡃᑂᰝࠖࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡢ࡞࠿࡛๰ࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓࡶ
ࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ஦ᐇࡀド᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡸࡣࡾࡔࡵ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ࡸࡾ᪉࡛ࡶࠊᢈุࡉࢀࠊ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋฟᅜ๓࡟ࡣసရࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠿࡞ࢃ
࡞࠸≧ἣ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ᖺ࡟㧗⾜೺ࡀⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠗࣂࢫ೵࠘ࡣࠊ⩣ᖺ⛅࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ⢭⚄ởᰁ㏣ᨺ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥ
࡛ࠊ㈡ᩗஅ࠿ࡽࠕᘓᅜ௨᮶᭱ࡶ᭷ᐖࠖ࡞๻࡜ᢈุࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢබ₇ࡀ୰Ṇࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࠗᙼᓊ࠘ࡣ཯ືᛮ᝿࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࠊᙜᒁ࡟ࡼࡾୖ₇ࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࠊ⚾ࡣᖺ࡟ࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘ࢆ᭩ࡁጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋᖺ࡟ࡣ⚾ࡣࡍ࡛
࡟ከࡃࡢၥ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ᫬⚾ࡣ஧ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୍ࡘࡢ᪉
ἲࡣࠕ⮬ᡃᑂᰝࠖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᙜᒁࡢㄆࡵࡿ⠊ᅖ࡛సရࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ⚾ࡣసᐙ࡛ࡍ
࠿ࡽసရࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࠊࡑࢀࡣ⮬ศࡢࡓࡵࡢసရࢆ
᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࡢసရࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾࡀ඲ࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡀࡘ
ࡲࡾࠗ㟋ᒣ࡛࠘ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜ࡟࠸ࡓࡇࢁࠊ⚾ࡣ஧ࡘࡢ࢚ࢡࣜࢳ࣮ࣗࣝ㸦෗స㸧ࢆ
౑࠸ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
୰ᅜ᫬ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡩࡓࡘࡢ๰స᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㧗ࡀゝཬࡋࡓࡢࡣ⟶ぢ࡟ࡼࢀࡤึࡵ࡚ࡢ
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㈗㔜࡞ゝㄝ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘ࡀ㧗ࡢಶேⓗ࡞๰స࠿
ࡽฟⓎࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡣࠊ⯆࿡ࢆចࡃࠋࡇࡢᑠㄝࡣླྀ㏙⪅ࡀࠕ఼ࠖ࡜ࠕ௚ࠖࡢ⮬ၥࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉
ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㟋ᒣ࡬ᕠ♩ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊⱞᝎࢆᢪ࠼ࡓඵ༑ᖺ௦୰ᅜ▱㆑ேࡢ⢭⚄ࡢṔ⛬ࡀᥥ࠿
ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊཷ㞴⪅ࠊ㧗⾜೺⮬㌟ࡢᚰ᝟ࢆⰍ⃰ࡃ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
̿̿ࠕὶஸࠖ㸦ஸ࿨㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ᖺᮎ࡟ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡕࡻ࠺࡝ࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫࡢ㡭࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ᫬ࡣᨻ
἞㞴Ẹ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᣍ⪸ࡉࢀ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ໭ிேⱁ㸦໭ிேẸⱁ⾡๻㝔㸧࡟୍ᖺ
㛫ࡢ๰సఇᬤࢆ⏦ㄳࡋ࡚ࡇࡕࡽ࡟ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ୍ᖺࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘ࢆ᭩ࡁ
ୖࡆࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡓ࡜࠼Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᢚᅽࡉࢀࡓ≧
ἣ࡛ࡣᚰ᝟ࡶྵࡵ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ୍ᖺ㛫ࡣ௚ࡢࡇ࡜ࡣఱࡶᡭ
ࢆࡘࡅࡎ࡟ࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘࡟ᑓᛕࡋ࡚ࠊ᭩ࡁୖࡆࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘ࢆ᭩ࡁ㐍ࡵࡲ
57
ࡋࡓࠋ୍ᖺࡀ⤒ࡕࠊ๰సఇᬤࢆ୍ᖺᘏ㛗ࡋࡓ࠸࡜๻㝔࡟࿌ࡆࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ๻㝔ࡣ⚾࡟ࠊ๰
సఇᬤࢆྲྀࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠕ⬮ᮏࢆ୍ᮏΏࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛⚾ࡣࡋࡤࡽ
ࡃࡢ㛫ࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘ࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜ࠿ࡽᣢཧࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㈨ᩱ࡛ࠊ㛗ᖺᵓ᝿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠊ⌧ᐇ࡜ࡣ
඲ࡃ㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠸ࠗୖᾏ⤒ఏ࠘ࢆ㞟୰ࡋ࡚᭩ࡁୖࡆ࡚ࠊ๻㝔࡟ᥦฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⬮ᮏࢆᥦ
ฟࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ୍ᖺᘏ㛗ࡢ๰సఇᬤࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୍ᖺᘏ㛗ࡋࡓᚋ࡟ࠊࡕࡻ࠺࡝ኳᏳ
㛛஦௳࡟㐼㐝ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ௨๓ࠊ⚾ࡣࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ⏕άࢆ㏦ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠊࡘࡲࡾ
すὒ࡟ஸ࿨ࡍࡿ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⪃࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡸࡣࡾᖐࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿ࡽࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘ࢆⰋዲ࡞㸦ᚰ⌮㸧≧ែ࡛᭩ࡁୖࡆ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ
࡜ᚰ࡟Ỵࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ࠊኳᏳ㛛஦௳ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋኳᏳ㛛஦௳ࡣࡍࡄ࡟⚾
ࢆ่⃭ࡋ㸦㸸㸧ࠊ⚾ࡣࡍࡄ࡟ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᡙ᭤ࠗ㏨ஸ࠘ࢆ᭩ࡁୖࡆࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୍ࣨ᭶
ࡶᚲせ࡜ࡋࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᖺ᭶࡟ࡣ๽෌᚟ࠊᚎࢋ࡞࡝ྂ࠸཭ேࡓࡕࢆྵࡴ୰ᅜ࠿ࡽ
㏨ஸࡋ࡚ࡁࡓேࠎ࡟఍࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᙜ᫬ࡳ࡞ࡀ࡜࡚ࡶ⯆ዧࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡶᙼࡽࢆຓࡅ
ࡓࡾ஺ὶࢆᣢࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ⚾ࡣఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࢆࡼࡃ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ
࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㸦㸧ࡀኳᏳ㛛஦௳࡟㛵ࡍࡿ๻ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡳ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࠊ཭ே
ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ヰࢆᣢࡕ࠿ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡍࡄ࡟ࡸࡿ࡜⟅࠼ࠊࡓࡕࡲࡕࠗ㏨ஸ࠘ࢆ᭩ࡁ
ୖࡆ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ࡜ࡓࢇࠊᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ୰ඹࡢࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢࠕᢕᏊࠖ
㸦ᶆⓗ㸧࡜
࡞ࡾࠊ᏶඲࡟⚗Ṇࡉࢀࠊ㯲ẅࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ᫬࠿ࡽࡶ࠺୰ᅜ࡟ᖐࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠿࡞ࢃ࡞ࡃ
࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡢ๰సࡣࡑࢀࢆࡶࡗ࡚⤊⤖ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡢすὒ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿஸ࿨⏕άࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ
୍஑ඵ஑ᖺ஑᭶ࠊ㧗⾜೺ࡣࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘ࢆ⬺✏ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘ࡢᇳ➹࠿ࡽࠗ㏨ஸ࠘
Ⓨ⾲࡟⮳ࡿ⣽࠿࠸ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ᚰቃࡀࠊస⪅ࡢཱྀ࠿ࡽࡇࢀ࡯࡝ලయⓗ࡟ㄒࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠺ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ⫃⤒ฟ∧ࡢࠗ㟋ᒣ࠘㸦ᖺ᭶ึ∧㸧࡟㝃㘓ࡍࡿࠕ㧗⾜೺ⓗ
⏕ᖹ㠷సရࠖ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ୍஑ඵ୐ᒤ޽ᓖ䎤ᗧˈ䳄ᒤԕ᭯⋫䴓≁䓛࠶ᇊትᐤ哾ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ
࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ୍஑ඵ୐ᖺࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣᨻ἞㞴Ẹ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗ
࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
̿̿ࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ཷᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦࡞ࡐࠗ⌧௦ᑠㄝᢏᕦึ᥈࠘ࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࠿㸧
⚾ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ⫋ሙ࡟࠸ࡓᑓ㛛ᐙࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊすὒᩥᏛ࡜᥋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᙜ᫬⚾
ࡀ໅ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ㞧ㄅ♫ࠗ୰ᅜᘓタ࠘ࡢἲᩥ⤌㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ⌜㸧࡟ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡀ
࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽ⚾ࡣᙼࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ኱౑㤋࠿ࡽ㸦௚ࡢேࡣ඲ࡃㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞㸧すὒࡢ⌧௦ࠊྠ᫬௦ᩥᏛࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ೉ࡾࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᙜ᫬ࠊ
୰ᅜ⛉Ꮫ㝔ࡢእᅜᩥᏛ◊✲ᡤ࡛ࡉ࠼࠶ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᏶඲࡞㈨ᩱࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࢀࢆ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶᙼࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ኱౑㤋ࡢᅗ᭩㤋࠿ࡽ೉ࡾࡿࡇ࡜
࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ⚾ࡀ኱Ꮫ࡛ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࢆᏛࡰ࠺࡜ᛮࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࡦ࡜ࡘࡢゝⴥࢆ㏻ࡋ
࡚ࠊすὒࡢ⌧௦ࠊྠ᫬௦ᩥᏛ࡟ఱࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛
58
ࡍࠋᖺ㸦᪂୰ᅜᘓᅜ㸧௨ᚋࠊ኱㝣࡛ࡣすὒࡢ⌧ᙜ௦ᩥᏛࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ヂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࣝ࢖࣭࢔ࣛࢦࣥࡸ࢚ࣜࣖ࡞࡝ࣇࣛࣥࢫඹ⏘ඪࡢసᐙ௨እࡣヂࡉ
ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋභ༑ᖺ௦ࡢࠕ཯ಟࠖ௨ᚋࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢసᐙࡢసရࡉ࠼ࡶᾘ࠼࡚࠸ࡗ
ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽཎᩥ࡛ㄞࡴ࡯࠿࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙜ᫬ࡢ୰ᅜࡢ≧ἣ
ୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⚾ࡢࡼ࠺࡟すὒᩥᏛࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡣᮏᙜ࡟ᑡᩘ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚⚾ࡣ
ࡇࡢ⌮ゎࢆᇶ♏࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢⱁ⾡࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࢆᩜ⾝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࠗ⌧௦
ᩥᏛᢏᕦึ᥈࠘ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚᭩࠿ࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⚾ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ⪃࡛ࠊ
▷⦅ᑠㄝࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᨻ἞ᛶࡢ࡞࠸⣧ᩥᏛ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊⓎ⾲ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡞ᅔ㞴
ࢆ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᙼࡽࡣࠕศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᙼࡽࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸㠉࿨ࡢ≀ㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ㧗⾜೺ࡀ㛢ࡌࡽࢀࡓ⟽ࡢ࡞࠿࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ࢆཷᐜࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ
࠿ࡀศ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋᙼࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫ኱౑㤋ࡢⶶ᭩ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧௦ᩥᏛࢆ྾཰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࠊࠗ⌧௦
ᩥᏛᢏᕦึ᥈࠘ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ᇵࢃࢀࡓᛮ⪃࡜ᑠㄝᢏᕦࡣᚋ࡟ࠊᙼ
ࡢᑠㄝࠊᡙ᭤ࡢ๰స࡟ὀࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
௨ୖぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ௒ᅇࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ศ࠿ࡗࡓ᪂஦ᐇࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿
࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ᚋ༙࡟ゐࢀࡓࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ཷᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢゝㄝࡣࠊ୰ᅜ᪂᫬ᮇᩥᏛࡢὶࢀ࡜௜
ࡁྜࢃࡏ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊඵ༑ᖺ௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᅜࡢࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ཷᐜࡢ୍➃ࢆᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
⤖ㄒ
ࣃࣜ࠿ࡽぢࡿᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᩥᏛࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡲࡾࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ␯㐲࠿ࡽ⮬ࡎ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢚࢜ࣜ
ࣥࢱࣜࢬ࣒ࡢពᅗⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦࠿ࡽ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ⚄⛎ࡢ࣮࣋ࣝࡀ⿕ࡏࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࡑࢀࡣࠊ
኱⾗ࡀᾘ㈝ࡍࡿᑠㄝࡢ⿦ᖙ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚⾲ࢀࡿࠋኴᐓࡸᕝ➃࡞࡝᫛࿴సᐙࡢࡑࢀࡣࡁࡲࡗ࡚ࠊ
ᵝᘧ໬ࡉࢀࡓᾋୡ⤮ࡢ⨾ே⏬ࡔࡋࠊࡲࡓⳘゝࡢᑠㄝ࡟ࡣྂ௦୰ᅜࡢර࡜㤿ࡢ⤮ࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞
ࡅࢀࡤୖᾏࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢᚤ➗ࠊ㜅㐃⛉ࡢ⿦ᖙ࡟ࡣ⣚⾨රࡢࢫ࣮࢝ࣇࢆᕳ࠸ࡓ࣏ࢵࣉ࡞ẟ
ἑᮾࡀ㚀ࡵࡽࢀࠊⓑඛຬࡢࠗᏨᏊ࠘ࡣ୍㔜ࡲࡪࡓࡢ┠ࡀࡘࡾୖࡀࡗࡓᑡᖺࡢ࢔ࢵࣉ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚そࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡠᩥ໬ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᅪ࡛ࡣࠊࣉ࣑ࣜࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞⾲㇟ࢆࢃࡊ
ࢃࡊᑠㄝࡢ⿦ᖙ࡟⏝࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᩥᏛࢆぢࡿࡢ࡜ࠊࣃ
ࣜ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᩥᏛࢆ═ࡵࡿࡢ࡜࡛ࡣࠊ⮬ࡎ࡜኱ࡁ࡞ほⅬࡢ┦㐪ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞┦㐪ࡣࠊᩥᏛࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢࠕㄞࡳࠖ࡟ࡶ⾲ࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡝ࡕࡽࡢࠕㄞ
ࡳࠖࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ୍ᴫ࡟ゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊᩥᏛ࡜ࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ಶࠎࡢ┦㐪ࢆ㈗
ࡪⱁ⾡ࡔ࠿ࡽࡔࠋ
๓㏙ࡋࡓ஧ࡘࡢලయⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࡢ௚࡟ࠊ௒ᅇࡢࣃࣜ␃Ꮫ࡛ᚓࡓ཰✭࡜ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡑࢀ
ࡲ࡛࡟ࡣࡶࡕ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠊᩥᏛ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᐶᐜࡉ࡜࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࡲ࡞ࡊࡋࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓほⅬࡸどᗙࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢྠ᫬௦ࡢ୰ᅜᩥᏛ◊✲࡟ά࠿ࡍࡇ࡜
59
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ㸸㧗⾜೺࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗෆᐜ
D㐣ཤ㸸ᩥᏥ๰సⓗฟⓐ㯶
ᖺⓗゼἲྍ௨┳೴᫝ᝍᩥᏥ⏕ᾭⓗฟⓐ㯶Ⴋ㸽
⌧ᅾ㸪ᛠ㯟ᅇ㢳௨ཬ⦻⤖ᝍᅾ୰ᅧ኱㝣ඵ༑ᖺ௦ⓗᩥᏥ๰స㸽
E ༩ኵ༩࿴㧗⾜೺㸸
ᛠ㯟┳ᚅ༩ኵ༩⯅㩃㎿ᩥᏥⓗᩥᏥព⩏ୖⓗ༐ู㸽
㧗⾜೺⯅༩ኵ༩ⓗ㑍㏪
༩ኵ༩ᩥᏥ⯅㧗⾜೺ᩥᏥⓗ஫ື⯅ᑞヰ
F ᩥᏥㄒゝ㸸
㸬₎ㄒ᭩ᑃⓗྈ㝈ᛶ
㸬ᑞ᪊㊬㉺ẕㄒᑃసⓗ┳ἲ㸦㠀ẕㄒᑃస㸪༩ኵ༩ࠊ1DERNRY㸧
㸬ᩥᏥㄒゝ⯅సᐙ᝿ീຊⓗ㜝ಀ
G ᑃసⓗ✵㛫㸦ᇛᕷ㸧㸸ᕮ㯪⯅୰ᅧ
ᕮ㯪ⓗ✵㛫⯅ᝍ๰సⓗ஫ື
ዴఱཤ㠃ᑞᨾ悱⯅ᕮ㯪ⓗ㊥㞳
ᮾす᪉ᩥ໬ⓗᕪ␗ᅾᝍⓗ๰స␜୰㉳ⓗస⏝㸽
H ᩥᏥⓗᮍ౗㸸
ᅾᅔ㞴ⓗୡ⣖⿹㸪ᄫ⫓ᩥᏥ⯅సᐙ⬟ᢃ₇୍ಶொ㯟ᶏⓗゅⰍ㸽
㧗⾜೺ᩥᏥⓗ௒ᚋⓐᒎ᪉ྥ
I ᩥᏥ⯅⅏ᐖ̾௨᪥ᮏ኱ᆅ㟈Ⅽ౛̾
60
ITPᡂᯝሗ࿌఍ 2011/07/30
ὀἩὒἼƈໆᦑඏᝯ
ᕅᴈẩ᱔ᜊѡἿ௥ࠓ
ǙฎࣵᾛᾱὴᾭᾤἸ঺ἰ὆ἰἵἿષ್ἼἵἕἷǙ
ໆᦑಓ᫐Ắ ṜṚṛṚभṛṜಆṜṡ఍Ἔ὚ṜṚṛṛभṞಆṝṚ఍
ໆᦑҪ‫ࠓݸ‬Ắ ᾕᾮோຖࠓᬅếଣ࡭௖‫ـ‬Ắ FrancoiseMengin௖୆ỀỀ
ᇿካᾊ̵ᾢẮ ͳ‫ۋ‬௹షಓ௥ࠓἹ‫༷ץ‬௥ࠓἿᾦᾄᾏ὾ᾤἼἵἕἷ
ࢄϭҪẮ ᾕᾮ‫ۋ‬ᬢ‫ᧀࠓݸ‬इẩ఍ಙ᯻ếṷẋẓẝẙẘ Ẏẟ ṴẋẚẙẘỀ
࡮ዲֻ ༁ ếα௥ࠓᇿካቶ֣‫ݜ‬៟ኆ঵ಓ៟ኆ ͳ‫ۋ‬௥ࠓṝभฌỀ
Ề
͹Ἳᇿካ‫ܣ‬૎Ắ ᔬ࠱ẩ఍ಙ᯻‫ۈ‬౼᯻ẩᾙᾭᾷώ‫ۋ‬ዉ‫ۈ‬౼᯻
ếṬẓẌẖẓẙẞẒªẛẟẏ Ṹẋẞẓẙẘẋẖẏ Ẏẏ ṰẜẋẘẍẏỀẩᾕᾮ఍ಙ௥ցϜ᯻ếṷẋẓẝẙẘ
Ẏẏ ẖẋ ẍẟẖẞẟẜẏ Ẏẟ Ṵẋẚẙẘ ¢ ṺẋẜẓẝỀẩίᾰ̵ὼᾩậᾍậᾙᾭᾷώếṭẙẖẖªẑẏ
Ẏẏ ṰẜẋẘẍẏỀຢᚂᝮࠓᬅཫࠓᇿካ૎
ᾕᾮோຖࠓᬅếṽẍẓẏẘẍẏẝṺẙỀ
ᾕᾮோຖࠓᬅ ௹‫ۈ‬౼᯻
ᾕᾮ‫ۋ‬ᬢ‫ᧀࠓݸ‬इ
ế Cité Internationale Universitaire deParisỀ
఍ಙ᯻ếṷẋẓẝẙẘ Ẏẟ ṴẋẚẙẘỀ
఍ಙ᯻ếṷẋẓẝẙẘ Ẏẟ ṴẋẚẙẘỀ
FrancoiseMengin௖୆
ṛṣṜṣभዘࣸ
͜ẩ ᕅᴈ࡮ៜἿᇿካἹᒄឧ
ฎࣵᾛᾱὴᾭᾤἸ঺ἰ὆ἰἵἿષ್
• ᕅᴈếṛṣṟṛƆ Ềὀ‫״༷ץ‬షχ௥ࠓἼἛἢ὜಄
ὓ᧸ᝯἻ࡮ៜ࠹Ἷ͜α
• ịΗ֔ͪ͜᎑Ἷ‫༷ץ‬௥ࠓὣ៓὜ἼὀẩৌἫᕅ
ᴈἜ὚޹ὒἻἢὝὁἻ὚ἻἕỌế႘৅߉ẩỖỔỔổỀ
͜ẩ ‫״༷ץ‬షχ௥ࠓᇿካἿ͜ჟἹἨἷẩᕅᴈ࡮
ៜἿᇿካἹᒄឧὣᜊἴἰ
ọ൞๜۟௥ցᇿካỎዶṛṚ‫ת‬ếṜṚṛṛ ṖṡỀἼᆃ᜖
Ηẩ ͳ‫ۋ‬কχ௥ࠓᇿካἿ͜ჟἹἨἷẩᾕᾮ‫۝‬ϭἿ
ᗖαϷ࠹ẩ᱔ᜊѡὉἿὨᾷᾃᾗᾩ̵ὣ࠮௽
͜ᦼὣọἪὁ὜Ỏṡಆ‫ת‬Ὁᆃ᜖
2009ᖺ12᭶䚸ῐỈ䛾⪁⾤䛻䛶➹⪅᧜ᙳ
61
ᒄឧἝ‫ۆ‬ᭇἻᕅᴈ࡮ៜ
• ΗΗҼΖώὣᾊ̵ᾢἹἨἰᕅᴈἿᇷᏸẩị៣೶ậ
‫ה‬ᥐỌếổờờổỀἿ఍ಙ៓ឧἼ‫ג‬ὛᎲὑ
ᦿۚ৮Ἱᾦᾄᾏ὾ᾤἿ༃໬ὀẩᕅᴈ࡮ៜἿ‫ݸ‬἞Ἳ။৆Ἰἓ
ὛẩἮὝὀ‫״‬షἼ঩Ἷ࡮ៜὣ἞ὠὒἷె༎ἻὓἿἹἨἷἕ὜Ẫ
ᕅᴈἿ࡮ៜὀធ៓Ἷె༎ἦὗἙἼẩᒄឧἝ‫ۆ‬ᭇἸἓ
὜ἹὓᒈἙ὚Ὕἷ἞ἰẪͳ‫۔៓ۋ‬ω‫ݰ‬Ἷ‫ۋ‬ἸὀẩᒄឧἼ
૓Ἕἵἢ὚ὝἷἕἻἕၛປἝᏐἕἷἕἰἝẩ֟ዉ
ế EstherLINỀҪᄀὀ᫅ᏸẩọϴᄀỎếṜṚṚṛỀἿᾙᾭᾷώ៓
Esther LIN ỀҪᄀὀ᫅ᏸẩọϴᄀỎếṜṚṚṛỀἿᾙᾭᾷώ៓
ឧἼ᎓͜भὣἜἢἷ‫ג‬ὛᎲ὏Ὕẩᕅᴈ࡮ៜԕἿᾙᾭᾷώ
៓ឧẩẽṶẏẝ ṽẟẜẠẓẠẋẘẞẝẾὣẩỖỔổổभỚಆἼԅြἦὝἰẪ
• ᭇឍἻ௥ϰὣἕἜἼឧἪἜẩἹἕ἗ᾊ̵ᾢὣὒ
ἡἴἷ֟ዉếṯẝẞẒẏẜ ṶṳṸỀҪᄀἹᠪ៬
Ȁ ឍ៝ᾣώὕ៝ឍՆͤ᢮ἝຶἕԅἦὝἰ
• ο‫ۋ‬ἿᒄឧᒊἝ‫״‬ἩᾊέώᾌὣἺ἗៝ὐẩἺ἗
ឧἪἜἹἕ἗ٟᯃὣẩᠪ៬ὣᥨἩἷᇴ὜ἤἹἝ
Ἰ἞ἰẪᎺ್ẩᕅᴈ࡮ៜἿႵឍὣ໿ὒἰ
Ȁ ίᾒᾊ̵ύᾫᾷἝᡂἜἻ௥ࠓἸἓ὜
ᕅᴈ࡮ៜԕἿ‫៓ۋݰ‬ឧԎᜊἹἻἴἰẩ
ẁṿṲṯ ẽṶẏẝ ṽẟẜẠẓẠẋẘẞẝẾ
EstherLIN,EmmanuellePÉCHENARTヂ
EstherLIN(༟❧)
Ηẩ ᱔ᜊѡὉἿὨᾷᾃᾗᾩ̵
Ὠᾷᾃᾗᾩ̵ӈ࠻ Ắ
᱔ᜊѡ
Ϸ࠹ẩԿϷ࠹ẩᄏ࠹ẪṛṣṞṚभẩͳ‫ۋ‬๳ᝮᆻ֡ᦼ㉤
ࣵᄀ὏ὝẪổờỜỔभχἿͳ‫ۋ‬௹షಓ௥ࠓὣχ᜖Ἢ὜
Ϸ࠹ἿὃἹὛẪͤಲႵԿἼথᮧὣ‫ד‬ἢἰọᏉࡠЫ
‫ת‬ỎṒṢṜṓ ẩọᾔώѠỎṒ‫״‬ṓἻἺἿែԿἿοἼẩᇷᏸ࡮
ៜẩ௥ࠓႵ៬౼ọႲχ࡮ៜ૥ࣺԕ୒Ỏế‫״‬Ềὣᆃ᜖Ἠẩ
௥ᮀ঵Ἷͳ‫ۋ‬௥ࠓἼᾦᾄᾏ὾ᾤὣ࡭Ҹẩ࠮ᣁἨἰẪ
ổờỜớभἜ὚ᾙᾭᾷώἼམ‫۝‬ẩ ṛṣṢṣभẩ‫ࠡݹ‬᫆Ζώ
Ἕᢧ἞὜Ἱẩ૆౷ọᥙΤỎếṛṣṣṚभỀὣᆃ᜖ἨἷΤ‫؞‬
ὣ᜖టẪṜṚṚṚभṛṚಆẩᗖαϷ࠹ἹἨἷԕἹἻ὜ᾒ̵
ᾝᾯ௥ࠓᢂὣ‫ד‬ᢂἨἰẪ
ͳ‫ۋ‬ἸἿԻϷὣΤ‫؞‬ҪᾕᾮἸଭὛ᥆ἴἷὓ὚἗ἤ
ἹἜ὚޹὏Ὓẩᾦᾄᾏ὾ᾤἹἿԅϜἕẩͳ‫៓ۋ‬Ἱἕ἗
࡮ៜធ៓Ἷ‫פ‬ᓞ৮ẩԻϷክ᫐ἹἨἷἿᾕᾮẩἤὝ὚Ἔ
὚Ἷ௥ࠓԻϷἹ࢏ಐὣ៓ἴἷὓ὚ἴἰẪ
2011ᖺ4᭶8᪥
ᾕᾮἿ᱔๛ࠞἼἷ
Ὠᾷᾃᾗᾩ̵ὣᥨἩἷԋἜἴἰ௹Ζ࠮
Ꮊ៓
• ᾕᾮἜ὚᝵὜಼ὦὼὦἿ௥ࠓἼὀẩቒቹἿᾝ̵ᾯἝᜫἬ὚Ὕ὜Ẫ
ࣴዟἻἺబ‫ؤ‬Ϸ࠹Ἷ࡮ៜἿ᜖᎞ὀ἞὏ἴἷẩණॵցἦὝἰ໓ͪᏈ
ἿᑣαᄏἱἨẩᗄធếṛṣṟṟṗ ỀἿ࡮ៜἼὀ‫כ‬χͳ‫ۋ‬ἿӁἹᰑἿᏈ
ὕ͢໖ᾦὰἿৄይẩ᫟᥯ቶṒṛṣṟṢṗ ṓἿ᜷जἼὀ᎔ᜐӁἿώὯ̵
ᾙὣऄἕἰᾡᾇᾛἻ๔ຎ಼ἝẩᆆҪ՜Ṓṛṣṝṡṗ ṓἿọᏨࠄỎếṡṡṗṢṚỀ
ὀ ͜᧸὏὇ἰἸᆵἝἵὛ͢Ἕἴἰ࡯भἿὦᾇᾛἸ᝱ὠὝἷἕ὜
ὀẩ͜᧸὏὇ἰἸᆵἝἵὛ͢Ἕἴἰ࡯भἿὦᾇᾛἸ᝱ὠὝἷἕ὜
• ͳ‫ۋ‬ԻϷషಓἼἛἢ὜ΗἵἿὬέᾮᾅᾩ̵ᾯếӖϷỀ
ổṘ ịᔬસࡖ೶ỌἼὙἴἷẩকࢂἿ៍ὒ὜ጪ‫ۇ‬ἸϷ‫ع‬ὣᆃ᜖Ἢ὜
2. ọ᭖࢘ỎἿԻϷẪᔬԋᔬᣯἿἰὒἿ࡮ៜὣ౼ἠἤἹ
ậ
ҾἵἿᾊ̵ᾢẩ֔‫ہ‬Ἷ᮫ᆵ
ϞឞᆋΖ࠮Ἷሦ៍
• ఍ಙἜ὚ὦὼὦἿ௥ࠓὣ᝵὜ἿἹẩᾕᾮἜ὚ὦὼὦἿ௥ࠓὣᇌὒ
὜ἿἹἸὀẩᔬἫἹ‫ݸ‬἞Ἳង࿙ἿᆸᦉἝᄀἩ὜ἤἹἼἻ὜ẪἮἿ
Ὑ἗Ἳᆸᦉὀẩ௥ࠓᾊέώᾌἿị៝ὐỌἼὓ᜖Ὕ὜ἱ὞἗
ổṘ ọ᭖࢘ỎἿ‫ܐ‬ዼἜ὚ọᥙΤỎᆃ᜖Ἴᔮ὜ẩᎩἜἻᾛᾱ὿ώὉἿႵឍ
ṜṘ ᾙᾭᾷώ‫ݸ‬Ђ᯻ὣᥨἨἷẩᝮຳἿႲχ࡮ៜὣᎏᏅᆋἼ‫࠻ד‬
• ΗἵἿӃϰᆋἻષ್ἿοἼẩθ‫ۂ‬ἿᾕᾮᄛࠓἸ঺ἰ‫א‬ከἹὀẩᄛ
ࠓωԪἼὀὓἲἙἻἜἴἰẩἕἠἵἜἿ௹ἰἻ὏ἻἧἨὣᯮ἗ἤ
ἹἝἸ἞ἰἹἕ἗ἤἹἱẪἤ἗Ἠἰង࿙ὕ᝸ॅὀẩθ঵ἿᔬᣯἿ
ͳ‫ۋ‬௥ࠓᇿካἼໄἜἪἤἹἝἸ἞὜Ἱ৩἗
62
㸰㸧࣓ࣥࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿᣦᑟ◊✲ሗ࿌
ITP ➨୕ᮇ࢔ࢪ࢔ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ேẸඹ࿴ᅜᘓᅜ๓ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣔࣥࢦࣝே▱㆑ேࡢ͇෌⦅͇̿㹼̿
⏣୰ ๛㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ㸦୰ᅜ㸧
Ϩ㸬ᗈᕞ࣭୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢάື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸯㸬࣓ࣥࢱ࣮
ࡲࡎࠊ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡢ㛗ᮇὴ㐵⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࣓ࣥࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⌧ᆅᣦᑟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
㛗ᮇὴ㐵⪅ࡢᯇᾆẶࡣ 1 ᭶ୖ᪪࡟ᗈᕞ࣭୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ࡬ฟⓎࡋࡓࡀࠊᢡࡋࡶሗ࿌⪅ࡣ⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ
኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ࡢูࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛᗈᕞ࡬ᩘ᪥⾜ࡃᶵ఍ࢆᚓࡓࡓࡵࠊ⌧ᆅᅾ୰ࠊ᫬㛫
ࢆぢ࡚୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ࡟ᯇᾆẶࢆゼࡡࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊ୰ᒣ኱ᏛᏛ⏕ᑅ࡬ࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟ධᒃ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ
୰ᒣ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᤵ࡜㏆ࠎ㠃఍࣭ᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡿ⣙᮰ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᯇᾆẶ࠿ࡽ┤᥋☜ㄆࡋࡓᚋࠊ
ᗈᕞࢆ㞳ࢀࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡣ 1 ᭶ୗ᪪࡟▷ᮇὴ㐵⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᗈᕞ࡬Ώ⯟ࡋࡓࡀࠊ஦๓ࡢ⌧ᆅ☜ㄆ࡛▷
ᮇ࡛ࡢ኱ᏛᏛ⏕ᑅ࡬ࡢධᒃࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫ㏆ࡃࡢ࣐ࣥࢩࣙࣥ࡟୍
ᐊࢆ೉ࡾ࡚◊✲άືࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋᗈᕞ฿╔௨㝆ࠊᯇᾆẶ࡜ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ㐌୍ᅇࡢ๭ྜ࡛┤
᥋ヰࡋྜ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋᙼዪࡶΏ⯟┤ᚋ࠿ࡽ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᪧṇ᭶ࡢ
㛗ᮇఇᬤࢆᣳࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ2 ᭶ୖ᪪࡛ࡣࡲࡔ᏶஢ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࠊᡭ⥆ࡁసᴗ
⮬యࡣࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ2 ᭶ୗ᪪࡟ࡣ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫࡢ ID ࣮࢝ࢻࡀཷࡅྲྀࢀࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࠊᑅࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࢿ࣮ࢵࢺ⎔ቃࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊᩥ⊩ㄪᰝࡸ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ㐃⤡
࡟୙⮬⏤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊ3 ᭶ 7 ᪥࠿ࡽ㛤ㅮࡍࡿ୰ᅜㄒᤵᴗ࡬ࡢཧຍࡶỴࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࠶࠸ࡔ࡟ࡶࠊᯇᾆẶࡣ኱Ꮫࡢ୰ᅜㄒ▷ᮇࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆཷ
ㅮࡋࡓࡾࠊ୰ᅜேᏛ⏕࡟ࣞࢵࢫࣥࢆཷࡅࡓࡾ࡜✚ᴟⓗ࡟୰ᅜㄒࡢ⬟ຊྥୖ࡟ດࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
2 ᭶ୗ᪪࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ᯇᾆẶ࡜ࡣࠊITP ࡢࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚෌ᗘㄝ࣭᫂☜ㄆࡋࡓୖࠊ3
ᖺ㛫ࡢ◊✲ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ኱ࡲ࠿࡟࡛ࡶ❧࡚ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ヰࡋྜࡗࡓࠋ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ
࡛ࡢ◊✲⎔ቃࡀᩚࡗࡓẁ㝵࡛ࠊITP ᥎㐍ጤဨ఍ጤဨࡢඛ⏕᪉࡟ᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡘࡘḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ
࣒ࣛࡢ‽ഛࢆ᪩ࡵ࡟㐍ࡵ࡚ࡣ࡝࠺࠿ࠊ࡜ヰࡋྜࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ6 ᭶࡟࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠿
ࡽᖐᅜࡋ࡚Ḣ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ฟⓎࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ࠶࠸ࡔࠊ◊✲఍࣭Ꮫ఍࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࠊㄽᩥࢆᢞ✏࣭
Ⓨ⾲࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋ
3 ᭶࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡣᯇᾆẶ࡜ࡣ┤᥋఍ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࣓࣮࡛ࣝ㐃⤡ࢆྲྀࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚ᘬ⥆ࡁ᝟ሗ
஺᥮࡟ດࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢ㡭ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᙼዪࡶ኱Ꮫࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ⤊࠼ࠊ୰ᅜㄒᤵᴗࡶጞࡲࡗࡓࠋ኱
Ꮫᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟᫬㛫ࢆせࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ◊✲㠃ࡢฟ㐜ࢀࡀᚰ㓄ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊᩥ⊩ㄪᰝࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣇ
࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ࡜ࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡟㐃⤡ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࡢ㐍ᤖࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ
୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢ◊✲⎔ቃࡀᩚ࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ๓᭶࠿ࡽヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟⛅࠿ࡽ
ࡢḢ⡿ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡇ࡜ࡶᚎࠎ࡟‽ഛࢆ㐍ࡵࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ3 ᭶ୗ᪪ࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡣὴ㐵ᮇ㛫ࢆ
63
⤊࠼࡚ᖐᅜࡋࡓࠋ
㸰㸬◊✲
ሗ࿌⪅ࡶᗈᕞΏ⯟ᙜึࡣ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࠊ≉࡟኱Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ㜀ぴᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ᏶஢ࡋ࡚࠸
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊẖᅇࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ධ㤋࡟ᨭ㞀ࢆ᮶ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡎࡣᅗ᭩
㤋ᡤⶶᩥ⊩ࡢᢕᥱ࡟ດࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓྠ᫬࡟ᗈᮾ┬❧ᅗ᭩㤋࡛ࡶㄪᰝࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋ┬❧ᅗ᭩㤋࡟
ࡣ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜᘓᅜ௨ᚋࡢ᭩⡠ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ୰⳹Ẹᅜᮇࡢᩥ⊩ 100 ୓෉ࡀᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡑࡢẸᅜᮇᩥ⊩ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶᅜඹෆᡓᮇࡢ᪂⪺ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㜀ぴࡋࠊᨻᶒ⛣⾜ᮇࡢ୰ᅜᨻ἞
ࡢኚື࡜ෆࣔࣥࢦࣝ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚୹ᛕ࡟ᢲࡉ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ヨࡳࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᡤ
ⶶᶵ㛵ࡶᑡ࡞࠸ෆᡓᮇᗈᕞ࡛Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓ᪂⪺ࢆ㜀ぴࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᅜẸඪ⣔
ࡢࠗᗈᮾ᪥ሗ࠘࡜Ẹ㛫ࡢࠗ୰ṇ᪥ሗ࠘ࡢ஧✀࡜୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪᣦᑟୗࡢෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊࡛Ⓨ⾜ࡢ
ࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘ࢆᑐẚࡋࡘࡘ㜀ぴࡋ࡚ぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ1947 ᖺ࡟୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪࡢᣦᑟୗ࡛
ෆⵚྂ⮬἞ᨻᗓࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓᚋࡶࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝேࡓࡕࡀᅜẸඪ࡜㐃⤡ࢆྲྀࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛
࠶ࡿࠋᅜඹෆᡓࡢ⃭໬࡛୰⳹Ẹᅜ㤳㒔ࡀ⛣ࡗ࡚᮶ࡓᗈᕞ࡟ࣔࣥࢦࣝせேࡀᗘࠎࠊゼࢀ࡚ᅜ
Ẹඪ࡜༠㆟ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ᪂⪺グ஦࠿ࡽ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ࡣᅜẸඪ࡜ࡢ㛵
ಀࡶࡩࡲ࠼ࡘࡘෆⵚྂ⮬἞ᨻᗓࢆෆࣔࣥࢦࣝ㏆௦ྐ࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ឤࡌ
ࡓࠋ
2 ᭶୰ࡣ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋࡜┬❧ᅗ᭩㤋࡛㞟୰ⓗ࡟᪂⪺ࢆ㜀ぴࡋࡓࠋ
ࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘
ࠗග᫂
᪥ሗ࠘ࠗ୰ṇ᪥ሗ࠘ࠗᗈᮾ᪥ሗ࠘ࠗ୰ኸ᪥ሗ㸦ᗈᕞ∧㸧࠘࡞࡝᪂⪺ᩘ✀ࢆ㏻ぴࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ᠇
ᨻᐇ᪋ᚋࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅᅜඹෆᡓࡢ⃭໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚୰⳹Ẹᅜᨻᗓࡀᗈᕞ࡟㑄㒔ࡋࡓᚋࠊ❧ἲ㝔ࡢ
෌㛤ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚❧ἲ㝔ጤဨࡢ࡞࠿࡛⃭ࡋ࠸㆟ㄽࡢ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ┳ྲྀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ
ࡢ࡞࠿࡟ࣔࣥࢦࣝே❧ἲ㝔ጤဨࡢືྥࢆ఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࠋᐇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ
ෆᡓᮇ࡟୰ᅜ኱㝣࠿ࡽᾏᓙࢆΏࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡶྎ‴࡟೺ᅾࡢᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡠࣔࣥࢦࣝேࡣࠊࡇࡢ࡜
ࡁࡢ❧ἲ㝔ጤဨ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ┬❧ᅗ᭩㤋ࡢᩥᚨศ㤋ࡀ 3 ᭶ 14 ᪥࠿ࡽᖺෆ
㛢㤋࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡾࠊᛴ࠸࡛ࡇࡕࡽ࡛ࡢㄪᰝࡶ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᩥᚨศ㤋࡟ࡣ୰⳹Ẹᅜᮇࡢᩥ⊩
ࡀከࡃᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⶶ᭩┠㘓ࢆ⥙⨶ⓗ࡟᳨⣴ࡋ࡚ࣔࣥࢦࣝ㛵㐃ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ㜀ぴࡋࡓࠋṧ
ᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ௒ᅇὴ㐵ࡢ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐࡟㛵ࢃࡿᅜඹෆᡓᮇࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝ㛵㐃ྐᩱࡣከࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ
1920 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࠿ࡽ 30 ᖺ௦๓༙࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢྐᩱ࡟᭷┈࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊカᨻ᫬ᮇ
ࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝᕤసᕤ⛬⾲࡞࡝ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟௚ࡢᶵ㛵࡛ࡣぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⌋ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛
࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽྐᩱ࡜ᐇ㝿ࡢᕤస≧ἣ࡜ࢆ௜ࡁྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࠊᅜẸᨻᗓࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝᨻ⟇
ࡢᐇែ࡜㝈⏺ࡀ❧యⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
3 ᭶࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡶᘬ⥆ࡁࠊ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋ࠊᗈᮾ┬❧ᅗ᭩㤋࡛ྐᩱㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅜ
ඹෆᡓᮇ࠿ࡽேẸඹ࿴ᅜึᮇࡢࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࡸሗ࿌᭩ࠊ᪂⪺㢮ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㜀ぴࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ
ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࢯࣚࣝࢪࣕࣈẶ㏽ཤࡢ▱ࡽࡏࢆ▱ே࠿ࡽཷࡅࠊෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊ࣇࣇ࣍ࢺ࡟⛣ືࡋ
࡚ⴿ൤࡟ཧิࡋࡓࠋࣇࣇ࣍ࢺ࡟฿╔ࡋࡓࡢࡣ 3 ᭶ 11 ᪥ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ฿╔ᚋࣔࣥࢦࣝே࠿ࡽ
64
ᮾ᪥ᮏࡢ㟈⅏ࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࣔࣥࢦࣝேࢯࣚࣝࢪࣕࣈẶࡢ༙⏕ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣఏወᑠㄝࠗⲡ
ཎࡢ࣮ࣛࢤࣜ࠘
㸦⣽ᕝ࿋ ⴭࠊᩥ⸤᫓⛅㸧࡟ヲࡋ࠸ࡀࠊ᪥୰ᡓதᮇࠕ‶Ὢᅜ࡛ࠖ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆ
ཷࡅࡓẶࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᩋᡓ┤ᚋ࡟ෆእࣔࣥࢦࣝࡢ⤫ྜᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵࣔࣥࢦࣝேẸඹ࿴ᅜࡢ㤳㒔࢘
ࣛࣥࣂ࣮ࢺࣝ࡟ྥ࠿࠸ࡑࡢࡲࡲ␃Ꮫ⏕άࢆ㏦ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ49 ᖺ࡟୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜࡀ
ᡂ❧ࡍࡿ࡜ࣔࣥࢦࣝேẸඹ࿴ᅜᨻᗓࡢẶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿែᗘࡣ୍ኚࡋࠊ
ࠕ཯㠉࿨ศᏊࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᙉไ
཰ᐜᡤ࡟ 25 ᖺ㛫ᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࠊ୰ᅜᖐᅜᚋࡶ㟷ᾏ┬࡛ 10 ᖺ㛫ࡢࠕປാᨵ㐀ࠖࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜࠸࠺
⤒Ṕࢆᣢࡘࠋࡲࡉ࡟ሗ࿌⪅ࡢὴ㐵◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿࠕ▱㆑ேࡢ෌⦅ࠖୗ࡟࠶ࡗࡓே≀࡛࠶
ࡗࡓࠋ3 ᭶ 13 ᪥ࠊࣇࣇ࣍ࢺ㑹እ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓⴿ൤࡟ࡣෆእࣔࣥࢦࣝ࠿ࡽከᩘࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝேࡀ
ཧิࡋࡓࠋⴿ൤࡜ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㣗஦఍࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚ぶ㢮࣭▱ே࠿ࡽ⏕๓ࡢࢯࣚࣝࢪࣕࣈẶ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚㈗㔜࡞ヰࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ
ⴿ൤ཧิᚋࠊ໭ி࡟⛣ືࡋ࡚♫఍⛉Ꮫ㝔㏆௦ྐ◊✲ᡤࡢᅗ᭩ᐊ࡛ྐᩱㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
᫬㛫ࡶ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ᡤⶶྐᩱࡢᴫせࢆᢲࡉ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡵࠊヲࡋ࠸ㄪᰝࡣ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟
࡜ࡋࡓࠋ᭦࡟໭ி࠿ࡽࠊ㟷ᾏ┬すᑀࠊ⋢ᶞ࡟⛣ືࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪ࡟ࡼࡿෆࣔࣥࢦ
ࣝ⤫἞ࢆᜍࢀࡓࣔࣥࢦࣝ▱㆑ேࡢ 20 ᩘྡࡀேẸඹ࿴ᅜᡂ❧๓ᚋ࡟㟷ᾏ┬⋢ᶞࠊࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ࣭
ࣛࢧࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢻࠊࡑࡋ࡚ྎ‴࡟Ώࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᐇ㝿࡟⌧ᆅ࡛ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ
⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⋢ᶞࡣ᫖ᖺ 4 ᭶ 14 ᪥࡟㉳ࡁࡓ኱ᆅ㟈ࡢ⿕ᐖࡶ⏒኱࡛ᮍࡔ᚟⯆ࡶࡲࡲ
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡓࠋᢡࡋࡶ⋢ᶞ࡟ධࡗࡓ᪥ࡣ 1959 ᖺ࡟ࢲࣛ࢖࣐ࣛࡀ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ஸ࿨ࡋ
ࡓ᪥࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊᕷ⾤ᆅࢆṊ⿦㆙ᐹࡀᕠᅇࡋ࡚⥭ᙇឤࡀឤࡌྲྀࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊᗈᕞ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚
࠿ࡽ 10 ᪥࡯࡝ࡣṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓྐᩱࢆ㜀ぴ࣭」෗ࡋ࡚ィ⏬㏻ࡾ௒ᅇࡢὴ㐵ࢆ⤊࠼ࡓࠋ
ϩ㸬◊✲ᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣᗈᕞ࣭୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢάືࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࠊὴ㐵◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࠕேẸඹ࿴ᅜᘓᅜ๓ᚋ࡟
࠾ࡅࡿࣔࣥࢦࣝ▱㆑ேࡢ͆෌⦅͇Ɇ1947㹼1957Ɇࠖ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ᡂᯝࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
㸯㸬㺀‶Ὢᅜ㺁ࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝே␃᪥஦ᴗ
ࡲࡎࠊேẸඹ࿴ᅜᘓᅜ๓ᚋࡢࠕࣔࣥࢦࣝ▱㆑ேࡢ෌⦅ࠖࡢ๓ᥦ࡜࡞ࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣔࣥࢦࣝ
▱㆑ேࡀ᪥ᮏᨭ㓄ୗ㺀‶Ὢᅜ㺁࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ⓩሙࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝே␃Ꮫ⏕஦ᴗ࡟↔
Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚࡚ぢ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
኱ᮏᩍࡢࠕ⪷ᖌࠖࠊฟཱྀ⋤ோ୕㑻ࡀࣔࣥࢦࣝᐉᩍ࡟ኻᩋࡋ࡚㛫ࡶ࡞࠸1924ᖺኟࡈࢁࠊ୰
ኸ኱ᏛᏛ⏕ࡢ➲┠ᜏ㞝ࡀ㛛ྖ࠿ࡽ኱㐃࡟Ώࡗࡓࠋࢩ࣐ࣕࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ㥽㤿Ẹ᪘ࢆ◊✲
ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓ➲┠ࡣࠊኟఇࡳࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚୰ᅜᮾ໭ᆅ᪉ࡸࣇࣝࣥ࣎࢖ࣝࠊእࣔࣥࢦࣝࢆᨺ
ᾉࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊእࣔࣥࢦ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣀࣥἙ㏆ࡃࡢᒣ㡬࡛ࠕࢳࣥࢠࢫ࣭ࣁ࣮ࣥࡢ⢭㟋ࠖࢆឤ
ᚓࡋࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝேࡢ᪥ᮏ␃Ꮫ஦ᴗࢆᛮ࠸ࡘࡃࠋᖐᅜࡋࡓ➲┠ࡣࡑࡢ㊊࡛ி㒔⥤㒊ࢆゼࡡࠊ
65
෌ಖ㔘ࡉࢀࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢฟཱྀ⋤ோ୕㑻࠿ࡽࠕධⵚࠖࡢヰࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡇࡢ⤒⦋ࢆఏ࠼
ࡿ➲┠ࡢ⮬ླྀఏ࡟ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡽ࠿⬮Ⰽࡀຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ᐀ᩍⓗ᝟⇕
ࡀ୍㟷ᖺࢆ␃Ꮫ⏕஦ᴗ࡟✺ࡁື࠿ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ☜࠿࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊ➲┠ࡣ1927ᖺࡈࢁ෌ᗘࣔࣥࢦࣝ࡟Ώࡾࠊⵚ᪝ᖌ⠊Ꮫᰯᰯ㛗ࡢ࣓ࣝࢭ࣮ࢆゼࡡ
ࡿ࡞࡝ࡋ࡚ࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝேᑡᖺ7ேࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚᪥ᮏ࡟ᡠࡗࡓࠋᖐᅜࡋࡓ➲┠ࡣ⋤ோ୕㑻࠿ࡽᶓ
὾᰿ᓊࡢ኱ᮏᩍࠕ㛵ᮾู㝔ࠖࢆᥦ౪ࡉࢀࠊࡇࡇ࡟ⵚྂ㟷ᑡᖺ㐨ሙࠕᡝኳ⩏ሿࠖࢆ㛤ࡃࠋእ
㒊࡜ࡢ᥋ゐࢆ㑊ࡅࠊሿෆ࡛୰ᏛᰯධᏛࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡓࠋ1928ᖺ11᭶࡟ࡣሙᡤࢆ
ᮾி┠㯮࡟⛣ࡋࠊ➲┠ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞Ꮫ⏕ᑅ࡟ࠕ⚄Ẋࠖࢆタࡅ࡚ࠕ኱ᮏⓚ኱⚄ࠖࡢ⚄㟋ࢆ♭ࡾࠊ
ẖᮅࡢ່⾜ࢆᛰࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋྠᖺ࡟ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ࣔࣥࢦࣝேᑡᖺ4ேࢆཷࡅධࢀࠊ஦ᴗ
ࡣ㡰ㄪ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
኱ᮏᩍࡢࠕ⇕ᚰ࡞ಙ⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓ➲┠ࡀࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝேᏛ⏕࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ࢆ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡓࡢ࠿ᐃ࠿࡛࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࠊ➲┠ࡢ⮬ླྀఏ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝ㟷ᖺᩍ⫱ࡣ⢭⚄ᩍ⫱࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ
࠾ࡁࠊࡑࡢᇶᮏ࡟ࠕࢳࣥࢠࢫ࣭ࣁ࣮ࣥ⢭⚄ࠖࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢳࣥࢠࢫ࣭ࣁ࣮ࣥ࡟Ꮫࡪ࡭ࡁ
Ⅼࡣࠊ඲ࣔࣥࢦࣝẸ᪘⤫୍ࡢ⌮᝿ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊࡉࡽ࡟ኳୗ୍ᐙࡢ࿴ྜ⤫୍ࢆᚰ࡟ᥥ࠸
ࡓࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚௒᪥ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⢭⚄㐠ືࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࡜ࡁࠊኳୗ୍ᐙࡢᐇ⌧ࡀ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛
࠶ࡾࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝࡣࡑࡢ࡜ࡁ஌ࡎࡿ࡭ࡁయไࢆ⠏࠸࡚࠾ࡃᚲせ࠿ࡽࠊẸ᪘ࡢᅋ⤖⢭⚄ࢆᾰ㣴
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀඛỴࡔࠊ࡜ࡶㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
᐀ᩍୖࡢಙᛕ࡟Ⓨࡋࡓ⋤ோ୕㑻ࡢࠕධⵚࠖࡀࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡢ኱㝣౵␎ࢆඛྲྀࡾࡋࡓ
࠿ࡓࡕ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ➲┠ࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝே␃Ꮫ஦ᴗࡶࡲࡓ‶㕲ࡸ᪥ᮏ㝣㌷࠿ࡽὀ┠ࡉࢀࠊ
᥼ຓࢆཷࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚➲┠ࡣࠊ㛵ಀ⪅࡟✀ࠎࡢࠕ⾡
⟇ࠖࢆᘝࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ಙ⏝ࢆኻࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ᥼ຓࢆᡴษࡽࢀࡓᡝኳ⩏ሿࡢ⤒Ⴀࡣࠊ1930
ᖺኟࡈࢁ❓ᆅ࡟㝗ࡾࠊࡘ࠸࡟➲┠ࡣ㝣㌷ࡢ᩷᪕࡛␃Ꮫ஦ᴗ࠿ࡽ᏶඲࡟ᡭࢆᘬࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ
௦ࢃࡗ࡚ಟ㣴ᅋᚋ᥼఍ᖿ஦㛗ࡢ⎩⏕႐୕㑻࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⎩⏕ࡣ㯞ᕸ➐⏫ࡢ
⮬㑰࡟ࣔࣥࢦࣝேᏛ⏕9ேࢆ཰ᐜࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆࠕ⤒ᅜᏛᅬࠖ࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡓࠋ
1931ᖺ1᭶18᪥ࡢ㛤ᅬᘧ࡟ࡣᏛᅬ㢳ၥࡢⓑᕝ⩏๎኱ᑗࠊᘓᕝ⨾ḟᑡᑗࠊᏛᅬ⌮஦ࡢⓑ
ᅵ༓⛅ࠊᗙ㛫ṆỈࡶฟᖍࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࣔࣥࢦࣝேᏛ⏕ࡽࡣࠊࠕ᫂࠸ᮾ℠࡟⤌❧࡚ࡽࢀࡿ
➲┠ᜏ㞝ࠗ⚄௝ࡢᑋඣ࠘඲ 8 ᕳࠊᅜ᭩ห⾜఍ࠊ1991 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࠋ
㆙ど⥲┘୸ᒣ㭯ྜྷЍෆົ኱⮧Ᏻ㐩ㅬⶶࠕⵚྂேᏛ⏕ࣤ཰ᐜࢫࣝᏛᅬࣀ㛤ᅬᘧᣲ⾜ࢽ㛵ࢫ
ࣝ௳ࠖ1931 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 2 ᪥ࠊእົ┬ྐᩱ I.1.2.0.2ࠗᅾᮏ㑥୰ᅜ␃Ꮫ⏕㛵ಀ㞧௳࠘ࠋ
3 ㆙ど⥲┘ᐑ⏣ග㞝Ѝෆົ኱⮧ᮃ᭶ᆂ௓ࠕⵚྂேཬⵚྂ㛵ಀ㑥ே㌿ධࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ௳ࠖ1928 ᖺ
12 ᭶ 6 ᪥ࠊእົ┬ྐᩱ A.6.1.2.1-16ࠗ‶ⵚᨻἣ㛵ಀ㞧⧩ ࿧೔㈅∞ࣀ㒊࠘➨ 3 ᕳࠋ➲┠ᜏ
㞝ࠗ⚄௝ࡢᑋඣ࠘➨ 5 ᕳࠊᅜ᭩ห⾜఍ࠊ1991 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࠊ68㸫69 㡫ࠋ
4 ㆙ど⥲┘ᐑ⏣ග㞝Ѝෆົ኱⮧ᮃ᭶ᆂ௓ࠕⵚྂᏛ⏕ධிࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ௳ࠖ1928 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࠊ
๓ᥖࠗ‶ⵚᨻἣ㛵ಀ㞧⧩ ࿧೔㈅∞ࣀ㒊࠘➨ 3 ᕳࠋ
5 ➲┠ᜏ㞝ࠗ⚄௝ࡢᑋඣ࠘➨ 3 ᕳࠊᅜ᭩ห⾜఍ࠊ1991 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࠊ50㸫51 㡫ࠋ
6 ㆙ど⥲┘ᐑ⏣ග㞝Ѝෆົ኱⮧ᮃ᭶ᆂ௓ࠕⵚྂேཬⵚྂ㛵ಀ㑥ே㌿ධࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ௳ࠖ1928 ᖺ
12 ᭶ 6 ᪥ࠊ๓ᥖࠗ‶ⵚᨻἣ㛵ಀ㞧⧩ ࿧೔㈅∞ࣀ㒊࠘➨ 3 ᕳࠋ
1
2
66
ᡃࡀᏛᅬࡢᡂ❧ࢆ㏄࡬࡚ࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࢆࠕⵚྂ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕఍ࠖࡢྡ࡛సᡂࡋࠊฟ
ᖍ⪅࡟㓄ᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࡞࠿࡛ᙼࡽࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࢳࣥࢠࢫ࣭ࣁ
࣮ࣥࡢぞᴗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚඲࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆ⤫୍ࡋࠊḢᕞ࡟ࡲ࡛㐍ฟࡋࡓᡃࡀ኱ࣔࣥࢦࣝᅜࡶࡇࡇᩘⓒ
ᖺࡣΎᮅࡢᨭ㓄࡟Ẽᜥ዆ࠎ࡜ࡍࡿࡤ࠿ࡾࠊ᭱㏆ࡢࠕኚ㇟ⓗ࡞౵␎୺⩏ࡓࡿ୕Ẹ୺⩏ࠖࡸࣟ
ࢩ࢔ࡢࠕ㉥໬ࠖάືࡣࣔࣥࢦࣝẸ᪘ࢆ⁛ஸࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜Ẹ᪘ࡢ༴ᶵࢆ႖ఏࡋ࡚࠸
ࡓࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ๓㏙ࡢⵚྂ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕఍ࡣࠊࠕⵚྂ㠉࿨ࠖࢆᐉఏࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛1930ᖺ᫓࡟⤖ᡂࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋ఍ဨࡣ⤒ᅜᏛᅬࡢᏛ⏕9ྡࡢ࡯࠿ࠊࢪࣝ࢞ࣛࣥ㸦ᚨྂ᮶㸸㛗ᓮ㧗ၟ㸧ࠊ࣑ࣥ࢞ࢽࣂ
ࣖࣝ㸦㡑㬅ᯘ㸸㝣ኈ㸧ࠊ࢔࣮ࢳࣥ࢞㸦ໟᅜᶀ㸸኱㜰㧗ᕤ༞㸧ࠊ࢜ࣘࣥࢲࣛ࢖㸦࿋ᘅ⩏㸸᪩
✄⏣኱Ꮫ㸧ࡢィ13ྡ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾࠊ㢳ၥ࡟ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛᰯ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌࡢ᪋⚈ᘐࢆ࠾࠸ࡓࠋ1930
ᖺኟ࠿ࡽࡣᶵ㛵⣬ࠗ♽ᅜ࠘ࡶⓎ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠㄅࡣⵚྂ␃ᖹᏛ⏕఍ࡢᶵ㛵ㄅࠗⵚྂ࠘࡜ࠕ඗
ᘵࡢ㛫᯶࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠸ࠊ␃ᖹᏛ⏕఍ࡸྠ㒓ே࡞࡝࡟ࡶ㓄ᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
1931ᖺ9᭶18᪥ࠊ‶Ὢ஦ኚࡀຨⓎࡍࡿࡸࠊࡇࢀࢆෆࣔࣥࢦࣝ㠉᪂ࡢዲᶵ࡜ࡳࡓ୰ᅜෆእࡢ
ࣔࣥࢦࣝ㟷ᖺࡓࡕࡣ㝣⥆࡜ዊኳ࡟㞟⤖ࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽࡶⵚྂ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕఍ࡢᚨྂ᮶ࠊໟᾏ᫂ࠊ
࢔ࣝࢱࣥࢧࣥࠊࢳࣙࢡࣂ࣮ࢺࣝࠊࢳࣙࣟࣂ࣮ࢺࣝࡽ8ྡࡀᛴ㑉ᖐᅜࡋ࡚ຍࢃࡾࠊඛ࡟ᖐᅜ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㡑㬅ᯘࡶࡇࢀ࡟ྜὶࡋࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣ㝣㌷ኈᐁᏛᰯࡢ␃᪥⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘ࢞ࣥࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢪ
ࣕࣈࡢୗ࡛⾜ືࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿࠋ⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁᙼࡽࡢάືࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖᘓᅜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
㐽ࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶࡢࡢࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕ࡢከࡃࡣࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖࡸࠕⵚ␩ᨻᶒ࡛ࠖᐁྣ࣭㌷
ே࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ᆅ఩ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤒ᅜᏛᅬࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ
‶Ὢ஦ኚ࡛ᖐᅜࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⪅ࡓࡕࡣ᪥ᮏ␃Ꮫࢆ⥅⥆ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶ㛫᩿ⓗ࡟ࣔࣥࢦࣝ␃Ꮫ⏕
ࡀ⤒ᅜᏛᅬ࡟ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
1934 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 12 ᪥ࠊ㈈ᅋἲேၿ㞄༠఍ࡀᮾி༓㥏㇂࡟๰❧ࡉࢀࡓࠋྠ༠఍ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ
ࠕே
㐨ⓗぢᆅࣚࣜẚ㞄ㅖẸ᪘ࣀ⼥࿴ぶၿࣤᅗࣜ┦஫ᩥ໬ࣀྥୖࢽᐤ୚ࢫࣝࠖࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ
஦ᴗࡣࠊձࠕⵚྂྛᆅࢽᩥ໬ⓗ᪋タࣤ⾜ࣇࠖࠊղࠕⵚྂࣀ⏘ᴗ㛤Ⓨࣤຓᡂࢩஅ࢝㏻ၟࣀಁ㐍
ࣤᅗࣝࠖࠊճࠕ┦஫஦᝟ࣀᐉఏ⤂௓ࠖࠊմࠕ㝃ᒓ◊✲ᡤ୪ࢽᅗ᭩㤋ࣀ⤒Ⴀࠖࠊյࠕⵚྂ␃Ꮫ⏕
ࣀᣦᑟ᥼ຓࠖࠊնࠕẚ㞄ㅖ㑥ࣀᩥ໬⏘ᴗࣀ㛤Ⓨᣦᑟࢽᚑ஦ࢫࣝேᮦࣤ㣴ᡂࢫࣝᏛᰯࣀ⤒Ⴀࠖࠊ
շࠕⵚྂࢽ㛵ࢫࣝㄪᰝࠊ◊✲ࣀⓎ⾲ࠖࠊոࠕデ⒪ᡤࣀ㛤タ୪ࢽᕠᅇデ⒪ࣀᐇ᪋ࠖࠊչࠕⵚྂ
ேᏊᘵࣀᩍ⫱ࠖࠊպࠕⵚྂࣀ㈨※ཬ≀㈨ࣀㄪᰝࠖࠊջࠕ඼ࣀ௚ᮏ఍ࣀ┠ⓗ㐩ᡂࢽᚲせࢺㄆ࣒
ࣝ஦ᴗࠖࡢ 11 㡯┠࡜ࡉࢀࡓࠋၿ㞄༠఍ࡢ௦⾲࡟࠶ࡓࡿ⌮஦㛗࡟ࡣ㝣㌷୰ᑗࡢ஭ୖ⎅ࠊ⌮
஦࡟ࡣᴋᒣཪຓࠊ኱ᔱ㇏ࠊᩪ⸨㈉ࠊྂோᡤ㇏ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀᑵ௵ࡋࠊ஦ᴗࡢ᥎㐍࡟࠶ࡓࡗࡓ9ࠋ
7
㆙ど⥲┘୸ᒣ㭯ྜྷЍෆົ኱⮧Ᏻ㐩ㅬⶶࠕⵚྂேᏛ⏕ࣤ཰ᐜࢫࣝᏛᅬࣀ㛤ᅬᘧᣲ⾜ࢽ㛵ࢫ
ࣝ௳ࠖ1931 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 2 ᪥ࠊ๓ᥖࠗᅾᮏ㑥୰ᅜ␃Ꮫ⏕㛵ಀ㞧௳࠘ࠋ
8 ሯᮏ㛵ᮾ㛗ᐁЍᖯཎእົ኱⮧ࠕᮾ໭᪂ᨻᶒᶞ❧ၥ㢟ࠊྜྷᯘ┬⮫᫬ᨻᗓ⤌⧊࠾ࡼࡧⵚྂ⊂
❧㐠ື➼᫬ᒁ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨻ἞⟇ືࡢ᝟ሗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ1931 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 8 ᪥ࠊእົ┬⦅⧩ࠗ᪥ᮏእ
஺ᩥ᭩࠘‶ᕞ஦ኚ࣭➨ 1 ᕳ➨ 1 ෉ࠊ1977 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࠊ335 㡫ࠋ
9 ࠕ㈈ᅋἲேၿ㞄༠఍๰❧㊃ពࠖ
ࠊၿ㞄఍⦅ࠗၿ㞄༠఍ྐ̿ෆⵚྂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩥ໬άື̿࠘♫
67
1934 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࠊ᪥ᮏ㝣㌷ཧㅛᮏ㒊ࡢጤკ࡛ࠕ‶ὪᅜࠖࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝேᏛ⏕ 10 ྡࡀၿ㞄༠఍
࡟ධᑅࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁධᑅࡋࡓᏛ⏕ 10 ྡࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ⬌Ⰽᩥࠊໟኊ㣕ࠊ⚟Ⰽ㯪ࠊ㔠ቑ㢧ࠊ⋞
ᜠᛅ࡞࡝ࡣࠊࡍ࡛࡟⤒ᅜᏛᅬ࡛᪥ᮏ␃Ꮫࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㟷ᖺࡓࡕ࡛ࠊၿ㞄༠఍ࡢᡂ❧ࢆᶵ࡟⛣⟶
ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ10ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ‶Ὢ஦ኚ௨㝆ࠊ᪥ᮏഃ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࣔࣥࢦࣝே␃Ꮫ஦ᴗࢆ
⤌⧊ⓗ࠿ࡘ✚ᴟⓗ࡟㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊෆࣔࣥࢦࣝᮾ㒊࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࡢᨭ㓄ࢆ☜❧ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ
ࡓពᅗࡢ⾲ࢀ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ
ࡉ࡚ 10 ྡ࠺ࡕ 3 ྡࡣ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫᑓ㛛㒊ᨻ἞⤒῭Ꮫ㒊࡟ධᏛࡋࠊ௚ࡢ 7 ྡࡣ༠఍ෆ࡛᪥
ᮏㄒࠊᩘᏛࠊ≀⌮໬ᏛࠊⱥㄒࡢᏛ⩦ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ10 ᭶࡟ࡣᚨ⋤ࡀ᥎⸀ࡍࡿࣔࣥࢦࣝ
ேᏛ⏕ 8 ྡࡶධᑅࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ௨㝆ࠊၿ㞄༠఍ࡣࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖฟ㌟ࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝᏛ⏕ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ
ෆࣔࣥࢦࣝす㒊࠿ࡽࡶᏛ⏕ࢆ཰ᐜࡋࠊ‽ഛᩍ⫱࡜┘╩ᣦᑟࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ༠఍ࡣ≉
ู࡟ᩍ⫱࣭ᐤᐟ᪋タࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ༠఍ᮏ㒊ࡢ஦ົᡤෆ࡟ᐤᐟ᪋タࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚
ࠕⵚྂᑅࠖ࡜ྡ௜ࡅࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝேᏛ⏕࡟ᥦ౪ࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ‶Ὢᅜ࡛ࠖࡣᨭ㓄ୗ࡟࠶ࡗࡓෆࣔࣥࢦࣝᮾ㒊࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚⯆Ᏻ⥲⨫ࡀタ⨨
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⯆Ᏻ⥲⨫ࡣࣔࣥࢦࣝᆅᇦࡢࠕ⤒῭ຊྥୖࠖࢆࡣ࠿ࡿࡓࡵࠊ
ࠕ␆⏘᣺⯆ࠖ࡟
ຊࢆධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࠕ␆⏘᣺⯆ࠖࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࠕ⥭ᛴⓗேᮦࡢ㣴ᡂࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣔ
ࣥࢦࣝ㟷ᖺࢆ᪥ᮏࡢᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ⛬ᗘ࡟ὴ㐵ࡋ࡚⋇་␆⏘ᏛࢆᏛࡤࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ỵᐃࡋࡓ11ࠋ
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖࡣ 1934 ᖺ 12 ᭶ࠊᶵᵓᨵ㠉ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⯆Ᏻ⥲┬ࢆᗫṆࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ
࡟ⵚᨻ㒊㸦኱⮧࣭ࢳ࣓ࢻࢧ࣒ࣆࣝࠊḟ㛗࣭౫⏣ᅄ㑻㸧ࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࠋ
ࠕ‶ὪᅜࠖࡢᅜቃᏳᐃࢆࡣ
࠿ࡿࡓࡵࠊෆࣔࣥࢦࣝす㒊ࡸእࣔࣥࢦࣝࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝேࢆࠕぶ‶Ὢᅜࠖ
ࠕぶ᪥ࠖ࡟㌿᥮ࡍࡿࡓ
ࡵࠊ
ࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖᨭ㓄ୗࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝᆅᇦࢆࠕẸ᪘༠࿴ࡢ⢭⚄࡟ᇶࡁ඼ࡢᮏ↛ࡢⓎᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࡋࡴ
ࡿࠖࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ12ࠋ
᪂タࡉࢀࡓⵚᨻ㒊ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ὴ㐵⟇ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ᪉㔪࡛ㄪᩚࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ
ࠕⵚྂ
ே␃Ꮫ⏕᪥ᮏὴ㐵᱌ࠖࢆ 1934 ᖺ 12 ᭶࡟⟇ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢὴ㐵᱌ࡣࠊ␆⏘ࡢᑓ㛛ᢏ⾡ဨ㣴ᡂ
ࡢࡓࡵࣔࣥࢦࣝேᏛ⏕ࢆ᪥ᮏࡢ୰➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ࡟␃Ꮫࡉࡏ࡚ࣔࣥࢦࣝ⏘ᴗࡢⓎᒎ࡟㈨ࡏࢇ࡜
ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ⯆Ᏻศ┬ྛ 1 ྡࠊ┬እⵚ᪝ 1 ྡࡢィ 5 ྡࢆ 1935 ᖺ 1 ᭶࠿ࡽ 38 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡲ࡛
ὴ㐵ࡍࡿィ⏬࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋὴ㐵ඛࡢᏛᰯࡣ໭ᾏ㐨ࠊᮾ໭ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᐑᇛ┴❧ᐑᇛ㎰Ꮫᰯ 1 ྡࠊ
㟷᳃┴❧୕ᮏᮌ㎰Ꮫᰯ 1 ྡࠊ໭ᾏ㐨ᗇ❧✵▱㎰Ꮫᰯ 2 ྡࠊྠᗇ❧༑຾㎰Ꮫᰯ 1 ྡࢆணᐃࡋࠊ
ಟᏛᮇ㛫⤊஢ᚋࡶᡂ⦼ඃ⚽⪅ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ୖ⣭Ꮫᰯ࡟ධᏛࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶணᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ᅋἲே᪥ᮏࣔࣥࢦࣝ༠఍ࠊ1981 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࠊ253 㡫ࠋ
㈈ᅋἲேၿ㞄༠఍⌮஦㛗஭ୖ⎅Ѝእົ┬ᩥ໬஦ᴗ㒊㛗ᒸ⏣ව୍ࠕⵚྂᏛ⏕㣴ᡂ㈝⿵⤥⏦
ㄳ᭩ࠖ1937 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 21 ᪥ࠊእ஺ྐᩱ㤋ᡤⶶࠊእົ┬グ㘓 H.6.2.0.10ࠗၿ㞄༠఍㛵ಀ㞧௳࠘
➨ 3 ᕳࠋ
11 ࠕⵚྂேࣀ⋇་␆⏘Ꮫᑓᨷ⪅㣴ᡂࢽ㛵ࢫࣝពぢࠖ1934 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 12 ᪥ࠊእ஺ྐᩱ㤋ᡤⶶࠊ
እົ┬グ㘓 H.5.5.0.7ࠗ‶Ὢᅜⵚᨻ㒊ὴ㐵␃Ꮫ⏕㛵ಀ㞧௳࠘ࠋ
12 㛵ᮾ㌷ཧㅛ㒊ࠕᬻ⾜ⵚྂேᣦᑟ᪉㔪せ⥘᱌ࠖ
ࠊࠗ⌧௦ྐ㈨ᩱ࠘8࣭᪥୰ᡓத 1ࠊࡳࡍࡎ᭩
ᡣࠊ1964 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࠊ447㸫448 㡫ࠋ
10
68
ࠕ‶Ὢᅜ࡛ࠖ⾜ࢃࢀࡓヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊከ∞ᩧࠊⵚ࿴ᩊᩧ∞ࠊ⣴㉺∞ᅗࠊ⸽∞ີㅶࠊႁ႐Ⰽ
ඞᕮࡢ 5 ྡࡀ㑅ᢤࡉࢀࡓࠋ5 ྡࡣእົ┬࠿ࡽࡢᏛ㈝⿵ຓࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛᮶᪥ࡀ㐜ࢀࡓࡀࠊࡼ࠺
ࡸࡃ 2 ᭶ 16 ᪥࡟᪂ிࢆฟⓎࠊ18 ᪥࡟ᮾிࡢၿ㞄༠఍࡟ධᑅࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⿵⩦ᤵᴗࢆཷࡅ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ13ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽከ∞ᩧ㸦ᐑᇛ㎰Ꮫᰯ㸧ࠊⵚ࿴ᩊᩧ∞㸦✵▱㎰Ꮫᰯ㸧ࠊ⣴
㉺∞ᅗࠊ⸽∞ີㅶ㸦୕ᮏᮌ㎰Ꮫᰯ㸧ࠊႁ႐Ⰽඞᕮࠋ⸽∞ີㅶࡣ 1937 ᖺ 12 ᭶࡟㎰␆⛉࡟㌿
⛉ࡋ࡚ 1940 ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟༞ᴗࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ 4 ྡࡣ 1938 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡟ྛᏛᰯࢆ༞ᴗ࣭ᖐᅜࡋࡓ14ࠋ
୍᪉ࠊၿ㞄༠఍ࡣ 1935 ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ᮾிす኱ஂಖ࡟༠఍ᮏ㒊࡜ၿ㞄༠఍ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯࢆ᪂タࡋ
ࡓࠋ
ࠕᮾளࣀᩥ໬⏘ᴗࣀ㛤Ⓨᣦᑟࢽᚑ஦ࢫࣝࠖேᮦࡢ㣴ᡂࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡣၿ㞄Ꮫ
ᑅࡀేタࡉࢀࠊᚑ᮶ࡢⵚྂᑅࡣᗫṆࡉࢀ࡚ࣔࣥࢦࣝேᏛ⏕ࡣၿ㞄ᏛᑅࡢⵚྂᏛ⏕⌜࡟⛣ࡗ
࡚ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯࡢ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕࡜㉳ᒃࢆඹ࡟ࡋࡓࠋ9 ᭶࡟ࡣࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖฟ㌟ࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕
ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ၿ㞄༠఍ࡀ┘╩ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡼ࠺ⵚᨻ㒊࠿ࡽጤクࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᐁ㈝ࡶ༠఍ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᨭ⤥ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ 11 ᭶࡟ࡣⵚᨻ㒊ᐁ㈝␃Ꮫ⏕ 4 ྡࡀධᑅࠊ36 ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ࡣⵚᨻ㒊ᐁ㈝
␃Ꮫ⏕ 5 ྡࠊ⚾㈝␃Ꮫ⏕ 7 ྡࠊ5 ᭶࡟ࡶ⚾㈝␃Ꮫ⏕ 2 ྡࡀ㝣⥆࡜ධᑅࡋࡓ15ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ 1936
ᖺ 5 ᭶᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖฟ㌟ࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊၿ㞄༠఍ࡢᏛ㈝ᨭ⤥Ꮫ⏕ࡀ 12 ྡࠊ
ⵚᨻ㒊ὴ㐵Ꮫ⏕ 32 ேࠊ⚾㈝Ꮫ⏕ 9 ேࢆᩘ࠼ࡿࡲ࡛࡟ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ቑຍഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࣔࣥࢦࣝ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ1936 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 8 ᪥ࠊၿ㞄༠఍ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ
࡟ⵚྂ␃Ꮫ⏕≉タண⛉ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄆྍࡉࢀࡓࠋྠᰯࡣࠕୖ⣭ᏛᰯࢽධᏛࢭࣥࢺࢫࣝ
⪅ࢽᚲせࢼࣝ‽ഛᩍ⫱ࣤ᪋ࢫࢺྠ᫬ࢽᑗ᮶ⵚྂẸ᪘ࣀ᭦ṇ୪ࢽ᪥ⵚぶၿࣀᄧᑟ⪅ࢱࣝ࣋࢟
ே᱁ぢ㆑ࣤᩍ㣴ࢫࣝࢱ࣓ࢽᚲせࢼࣝカ⫱ࠖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ᥖࡆࠊ୰➼Ꮫᰯ༞ᴗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
ྠ➼ࡢᏛຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࣔࣥࢦࣝ⏨Ꮚ 25 ྡࢆᐃဨ࡜ࡋࠊಟᴗᖺ㝈ࢆ 1 ᖺ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᏛ⛉ࡣᅜㄒ
㸦㐌 15 ࢥ࣐㸧ࠊⱥㄒ㸦7㸧ࠊᩘᏛ㸦6㸧ࠊ⌮໬㸦3㸧ࠊయ⫱㸦3㸧ࡢィ 34 ᫬㛫ࠊㄢ⛬ಟ஢⪅࡟ࡣ
ಟ஢ドࢆᤵ୚ࡋ࡚ᮏ⛉࡟⦅ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ16ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ಟᏛୖࡢ㈨
᱁ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟⤊ᴗᚋࡢྲྀᢅ࠸࡟୙౽ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࡔࡗࡓࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖᨻᗓࡣ1936ᖺ5᭶20᪥ࠊࠕⵚྂẸ᪘ᣦᑟࡢ᰿ᮏ᪉㔪ࠖࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊࠕᅜ
ෆⵚྂẸ᪘ࡢ㞳‶ゎయ㐠ືࡣஅࢆチࡉࡎࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣔࣥࢦࣝேࡢẸ᪘୺⩏ࢆᢚ࠼㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࢆ
☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ1937ᖺ7᭶࡟ࡣⵚᨻ㒊ࡢᗫṆࢆỴᐃࡋࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝ⾜ᨻᶵᵓࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ⦰
ᅾ‶Ὢᅜ᪥ᮏ኱౑㤋㇂ཧ஦ᐁЍእົ┬ᩥ໬஦ᴗ㒊㛗ᒸ⏣ව୍ࠕ➨ 139 ྕࠖ1935 ᖺ 2 ᭶
15 ᪥ࠊ๓ᥖࠗ‶Ὢᅜⵚᨻ㒊ὴ㐵␃Ꮫ⏕㛵ಀ㞧௳࠘ࠋ
14 እົ┬ᩥ໬஦ᴗ㒊ࠕ‶Ὢᅜᨻᗓὴ㐵ⵚྂ␃Ꮫ⏕⸽∞ີㅶࢽᑐࢫࣝᏛ㈝⿵⤥⥅⥆ࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ
௳ࠖ1938 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 13 ᪥㉳᱌ࠊ๓ᥖࠗ‶Ὢᅜⵚᨻ㒊ὴ㐵␃Ꮫ⏕㛵ಀ㞧௳࠘ࠋ
15 ၿ㞄༠఍⌮஦㛗஭ୖ⎅Ѝእົ┬ᩥ໬஦ᴗ㒊㛗ᒸ⏣ව୍ࠕⵚྂ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩍ⫱஦ᴗࢽᑐࢫࣝ⤥
୚⏦ㄳ᭩ࠖ1936 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 16 ᪥ࠊ๓ᥖࠗၿ㞄༠఍㛵ಀ㞧௳࠘➨ 3 ᕳࠋ
16 ᩥ㒊┬ᐇᴗᏛົᒁ㛗Ѝእົ┬ᩥ໬஦ᴗ㒊㛗ࠕၿ㞄༠఍ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯࢽⵚྂ␃Ꮫ⏕≉タண⛉タ
⨨ࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ௳ࠖ1936 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 8 ᪥ࠊእ஺ྐᩱ㤋ᡤⶶࠊእົ┬グ㘓 H.6.2.0.10ࠗၿ㞄༠఍㛵
ಀ㞧௳࠘➨ 1 ᕳࠋ
17 ‶ὪᅜᨻᗓࠕⵚྂẸ᪘ᣦᑟࡢ᰿ᮏ᪉㔪ࠖ1936 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 20 ᪥ࠊ๓ᥖࠗ⌧௦ྐ㈨ᩱ࠘11ࠊ948
㡫ࠋ
13
69
ᑠࡋ࡚⯆Ᏻᒁࢆ᪂タࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᶵᵓᨵ㠉࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࠊⵚᨻ㒊ὴ㐵ࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡣẸ⏕㒊࡟⛣⟶
ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾࠊၿ㞄༠఍࡟ᐤᐟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖฟ㌟ࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝேᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ1939ᖺ
3᭶31᪥ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕఍㤋࡟⛣ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ၿ㞄༠఍ࡣࡑࡢᚋࠊⵚྂ⫃┕⮬
἞ᨻᗓ࠿ࡽὴ㐵ࡢᐁ㈝࣭⚾㈝␃Ꮫ⏕࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᣦᑟ┘╩࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ18ࠊࡇࡢయไࡀ
᪥ᮏᩋᡓࡲ࡛⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㸰㸬୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜᘓᅜ๓ᚋࡢඖࣔࣥࢦࣝே␃᪥Ꮫ⏕
࡛ࡣࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪ㸦௨ୗࠊ୰ඹ࡜␎⛠㸧ࡀ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜᘓᅜ๓ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚ඖ
ࣔࣥࢦࣝ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕࡞࡝ࣔࣥࢦࣝே࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢅ࠸ࠊࡲࡓඖ␃᪥Ꮫ⏕ࡓࡕࡶ࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ᘓᅜ࡟㛵ࢃࡗࡓࡢ࠿ぢ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ1947 ᖺ 5 ᭶࡟ෆⵚྂ⮬἞ᨻᗓࡀㄌ⏕ࡋ࡚ 1 ᖺ௨ୖ
⤒ࡗࡓ 1948 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 2 ᪥࠿ࡽ⣙୍࢝᭶㛫ࠊ୰ඹ୰ኸᮾ໭ᒁࡣအ∞὾࡛ෆⵚྂᖿ㒊఍㆟ࢆ㛤
࠸ࡓࠋ఍㆟࡛ࡣ⮬἞ᨻᗓᡂ❧ᚋ୍ᖺ㛫ࡢᡂᯝࢆ⥲ᣓࡋࠊᅵᆅᨵ㠉ࠊ∾༊ᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ウㄽ
ࡋࡓࠋ኱఍࡛⥲⤖ሗ࿌ࢆࡋࡓⅲ⹒ኵࡣࠊෆⵚྂᘓඪ୰ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ1947 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࡢ୰ඹ
୰ኸࡢᣦ♧ࢆཷࡅ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟ඪဨࢆᣑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ᪂ඪဨࡢᨻ἞㉁㔞࡟ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࠊ㔜
኱࡞ᛮ᝿ࡢㄗࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ19ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㧗ᓵࡶᖿ㒊఍㆟࡛ࡢ₇ㄝ࡛ࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝேࡢ᪂
ᖿ㒊ࡀẸ᪘㜚தࢆ೫㔜ࡋ࡚㝵⣭㜚தࢆ㍍どࡋࠊෆⵚྂࡢඹ⏘ඪࢆ₎ேࡀࡘࡃࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜ぢ
࡞ࡍഴྥࢆၥ㢟࡟ᣲࡆࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊෆⵚྂ࡟ඪᏛᰯࢆᘓタࡋࠊᖿ㒊࡟ᑐࡋ࡚୰ඹࡢẸ᪘
⌮ㄽࡸ࣐ࣝࢡࢫ࣭࣮ࣞࢽࣥ୺⩏ࡢẸ᪘⌮ㄽࠊࡲࡓලయⓗᨻ⟇࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡞࡝ࢆᏛ⩦ࡉࡏࡿࡼ
࠺ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ20ࠋ
ෆⵚྂ⮬἞ᨻᗓࡢᖿ㒊㣴ᡂᏛᰯ࡟ࡣࠊ⋤√ᘁ࡟ෆⵚྂ㌷ᨻᖿ㒊Ꮫᰯ㸦ᰯ㛗㸸အ㇏㜿㸧ࡀ
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1947 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 7 ᪥ࠊ㌷ᨻᖿ㒊Ꮫᰯࡣෆⵚྂ㌷ᨻ኱Ꮫ➨୍㝔㸦ᰯ㛗㸸ⅲ⹒ኵ㸧࡟ᨵ
⛠ࡉࢀࠊᩧᩧအ∞࡟ࡶෆⵚྂ㌷ᨻ኱Ꮫ➨஧㝔ࡀ᪂タࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ1948 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 9 ᪥ࠊෆ
ⵚྂඹ⏘ඪᕤసጤဨ఍ࡣⅲ⹒ᾈ≉㸦1947 ᖺ 12 ᭶ࠊ⋤√ᘁࢆᨵ⛠㸧࡟ෆⵚྂඪᰯࢆタ⨨ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ11 ᭶࡟㛤Ꮫࡋࡓඪᰯ࡟ࡣࠊⅲຊྜྷ㑣ோࡶ➨୍ᮇ⏕࡜ࡋ࡚ධᏛࡋ࡚༙ᖺ
㛫ࡢᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ49 ᖺ 1 ᭶࡟୰ඹࡀ໭ᖹࢆゎᨺࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᅜẸᨻᗓࡀ㐠Ⴀࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ
໭ᖹⵚⶶᏛᰯࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝே㟷ᖺࡣࠊⅲ⹒ᾈ≉ࡢෆⵚྂ㌷ᨻ኱Ꮫ࡟⛣ࡉࢀ࡚෌ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓ
࡜࠸࠺21ࠋᘓᅜᮇࡢෆⵚྂᆅ༊࡛ࡣᖿ㒊ࡢ୙㊊ࡶࡲࡓၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ๓㏙ࡢ㧗ᓵ₇ㄝࡣࠊ
ᢠᡓ຾฼௨ᚋࡢෆⵚྂᕤస࡛ 3000 వࡢᖿ㒊ࢆ㣴ᡂࡋࡓࡀࠊ⟶⌮࣭㈈ᨻ࣭⤒῭ᘓタ࠾ࡼࡧ
ྛ✀ᑓ㛛ᢏ⾡ࡢᖿ㒊ࡀⴭࡋࡃḞஈࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ22ࠋ
18
ၿ㞄༠఍ᖖ௵⌮஦኱ᓥ㇏Ѝእົ┬ᩥ໬஦ᴗ㒊㛗୕㇂㝯ಙࠕ᫛࿴୍୕ᖺᗘ஦ᴗሗ࿌᭩ᥦฟ
ࣀ௳ࠖ1939 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 28 ᪥ࠊእ஺ྐᩱ㤋ᡤⶶࠊእົ┬グ㘓 H.6.2.0.10ࠗၿ㞄༠఍㛵ಀ㞧௳࠘
➨ 2 ᕳࠋ
19 ๓ᥖࠗẸ᪘ၥ㢟ᩥ⊩༂⦅࠘
ࠋ
20 㧗ᓵࠕᅾෆⵚᖿ㒊఍㆟ୖㅮ࿴ࠖ1948 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 3 ᪥㸦ྠ๓ࠊ1142-1154 㡫㸧
ࠋ
21 ๓ᥖࠕᅾⵚྂẸ᪘ゎᨺ㐠ືⓗὥὶ୰ࠖ
ࠋ
22 ๓ᥖࠊ
ࠕᅾෆⵚᖿ㒊఍㆟ୖㅮ࿴ࠖࠋ
70
1949 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 20 ᪥࠿ࡽ୰ඹࠊேẸゎᨺ㌷ࠊẸ୺ඪὴࠊ኱⾗ᅋయࠊྛẸ᪘࡞࡝ࡢ௦⾲ࢆ㞟
ࡵ࡚୰ᅜேẸᨻ἞༠ၟ఍㆟ࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀࠊ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜࡢᶞ❧ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ9 ᭶ 29 ᪥࡟᥇
ᢥࡉࢀࡓࠕඹྠ⥘㡿ࠖࡣẸ᪘༊ᇦ⮬἞ࡢ᥇⏝ࢆ᫂グࡋࠊࡑࡢ➨ 53 ᮲࡛ࠊࠕྛᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡣࠊ
ࡍ࡭࡚ࡑࡢゝㄒ࣭ᩥᏐࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࠊࡑࡢ㢼಑⩦័࠾ࡼࡧ᐀ᩍୖࡢಙ௮ࢆಖᣢࡋࡲࡓࡣᨵ㠉
ࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠖࠊ࡜つᐃࡋࡓ23ࠋඹ⏘ඪࡀࠕඹྠ⥘㡿࡛ࠖẸ᪘ゝㄒᩥ໬ࡢᑛ㔜ࢆᡴࡕฟ
ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊඹ⏘ඪࡢẸ᪘ᨻ⟇ࢆᅜẸᨻᗓࡢྠ໬୺⩏࡜ྠ୍どࡍࡿᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡢ␲ᛕࢆᡶᣔࡍ
ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
Ẹ᪘ၥ㢟ࡢ஧ࡘࡢ೫ྥࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ኱₎᪘୺⩏࡜ᆅ᪉Ẹ᪘୺⩏ࡢඞ᭹࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ᭱ึࡢ
࠺ࡕࡣࡶࡗࡥࡽ኱₎᪘୺⩏ࡢඞ᭹࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊ᪥ᮏᖇᅜ୺⩏ࡸᅜẸᨻᗓ኱₎᪘୺⩏࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢳࢸ࣮ࢮࢆᥖࡆ࡚ᡂ❧ࡋࡓ
ෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᪧᨻᶒࡢያ໬ᩍ⫱࣭ྠ໬୺⩏࡜୰ඹࡢẸ᪘ᨻ⟇࡜ࡢ㉁ⓗ㐪࠸ࢆ
᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶẸ᪘ゝㄒᩥ໬ࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1951 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 11 ᪥ࠊࠗෆⵚྂ
᪥ሗ࠘ࡣ♫ㄽࠕ⣕ṇ㍍どⵚᩥᩍ⫱ࠊດຊⓎᒎẸ᪘ᩥ໬ࠖࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ
Ẹ᪘ㄒゝᩥᏐࢆ㍍どࡍࡿഴྥࢆ㠀㞴ࡋࡓࠋෆⵚேẸᨻᗓࡶ 1 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࠊ
ࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘♫ㄽ
࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚ⵚᩥᩍ⫱ᕤసࢆ඲㠃ⓗ࡟᳨ᰝࡋࠊᨵၿ᱌ࢆᥦฟࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊྛᆅ୰➼Ꮫᰯ࡟㏻▱
ࡋࡓ24ࠋ
ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘⣬ୖ࡟ࡣࠊྛᆅ࠿ࡽពぢࡀᐤࡏࡽࢀࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊⵚ₎㞧ᒃ
ᆅ༊࡛ࡣ₎ㄒࡢႅࢀ࡞࠸ⵚྂඣ❺࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ₎᪘Ꮫ⏕࡜ྠᵝ࡟₎ㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ
ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࡣୖࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࡤ࠿ࡾ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿඣ❺ࡣࠕ㬅ࠖࡢᏐࡀ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶㄞࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ẖ᪥Ἵࡃ
ጞᮎ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ⥆ࡅࡤⵚྂඣ❺ࡢධᏛ࡟㔜኱࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜༴᝹ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ᪝ࡢᕤసᖿ㒊ࡀⵚྂ⪁㒓࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᐉఏࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡶࠊᑓ㛛㏙ㄒࢆࣔࣥ
ࢦࣝㄒ࡟⩻ヂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ
ࠕඃ᧙ᕤసࠖࢆࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒ㢼࡟Ⓨ㡢ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ₎ㄒ
ࡢศ࠿ࡿ⪁㒓ࡣࠕඃ୙ᕤసࠖ࡜⪺ࡁྲྀࡗ࡚➗࠸ࠊ࡯࠿ࡢ⪁㒓ࡣᐉఏࢆ඲ࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧
ἣ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ25ࠋ
Ẹ᪘ゝㄒ㍍どࢆ༴᝹ࡍࡿ୰ඹࡣࠊ1951 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 11 ᪥ࠊⅲ⹒ᾈ≉࡟ෆⵚྂேẸฟ∧♫ࡀᡂ
❧ࡋࡓࠋヱ♫ࡣ᪂୰ᅜᘓᅜᚋࠊᑡᩘẸ᪘ᆅ༊࡛᭱ࡶ᪩ࡃ࡟タ❧ࡉࢀࡓฟ∧♫࡛ࠊ㏻಑ㄞ≀
࡜ⵚᩥᩍ⛉᭩ࢆฟ∧ࡋࡓࠋேẸฟ∧♫࡛ࣔࣥࢦࣝᩥࡢฟ∧஦ᴗࢆᣦ᥹ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊෆⵚྂ⮬
἞ᨻᗓᩥᩍ㒊⦅ヂฎ࠿ࡽ㌿௵ࡋࡓ⥲⦅ᐊ୺௵ࡢ⣴≉ㅙ✕༟⍨⥣࡛࠶ࡗࡓ26ࠋᘓᅜ࡟ඛ❧ࡗ
࡚ࠊෆⵚྂᆅ༊࡛ࡣෆᡓᮇ࠿ࡽࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒᩥ࡟ࡼࡿ୰ඹᨻ⟇ࡢᐉఏᕤసࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
౛࠼ࡤࠊ1948 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠗ୰ᅜ㠉࿨࿴୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪ࠘ࠊ1949 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠗㄽ᪂Ẹ୺୺⩏࠘ࡀࣔࣥࢦࣝ
ࠗேẸ᪥ሗ࠘1949 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 30 ᪥ࠋ
ࠗෆⵚྂ኱஦グ࠘ෆⵚྂேẸฟ∧♫ࠊ1997 ᖺࠊ460 㡫ࠋ
25 ࠕዉ᭭᪝ேẸᨻᗓᩍ⫱⛉᳨ウᛛどⵚᩥ㘒ㄗࠖ
ࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘1951 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 23 ᪥ࠋ
ࠕྥⵚྂ
⪁㒓ᐉఏせ⏝ⵚྂㄒࠖࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘1951 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 25 ᪥ࠋ
26 ๓ᥖࠗෆⵚྂ኱஦グ࠘
ࠊ464 㡫ࠋ
23
24
71
ㄒ࡟⩻ヂฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢసᴗࢆᡭࡀࡅࡓࡢࡣࠊෆⵚྂ⮬἞ᨻᗓᩥᩍ㒊⦅ヂฎ๪ฎ㛗ࡢ⣴
≉ㅙ✕༟⍨⥣࡛ࠊ
ࠕⵚ␩ᨻᶒࠖ᫬௦࡟ࡣᨻົ㝔㛗༟≉ᕮᡰᕸࡢ⛎᭩ࢆࡘ࡜ࡵࠊ᪥ᮏ᪩✄⏣኱
Ꮫ࡟␃Ꮫࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘ27ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㠉࿨㐠ື࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࡢࡣ኱ᡓ⤊஢ᚋࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊᙼࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ẟἑᮾࡢⴭస࡞࡝ࢆⵚᩥ⩻ヂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡣࠊ
୰ඹࡀࣔࣥࢦࣝ▱㆑ேࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟Ⓩ⏝ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ୰ඹ࡟Ẹ᪘ᖿ㒊ࡀ୙㊊
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ1950 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࡢᨻົ㝔ࠕᇵ㣴ᑡᩘẸ᪘ᖿ㒊ヨ⾜ἲ᱌ࠖࡣࠊ
Ẹ᪘༊ᇦ⮬἞ࠊ
ࠕඹྠ⥘㡿ࠖᐇ᪋ࡢࡓࡵࠊ໭ி࡟୰ኸẸ᪘Ꮫ㝔ࢆタ❧ࡋ࡚኱㔞࡟ᑡᩘẸ᪘ᖿ
㒊ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓ28ࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢィ⏬ࡣ 2㹼3 ᖺࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ᑡᩘẸ᪘ᖿ㒊ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍ
ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ▱㆑ศᏊࢆ྾཰ࡋ࡚ᪧ࠸▱㆑ศᏊࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ᫂グࡋ࡚࠸
ࡓࠋෆⵚྂேẸฟ∧♫ࡣ 54 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 5 ᪥࡟ࣔࣥࢦࣝᩥ∧ࠗẟἑᮾ㑅㞟࠘➨୍ᕳࢆฟ∧ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⩻ヂ࣭ฟ∧సᴗ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࡢࡀࢧ࢖ࢳ࡛ࣥ࢞࠶ࡿࠋ኱ᡓ୰ࡣ᪥ᮏᮾὒ኱Ꮫ࡟␃
Ꮫࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱ᏛࢆᏛࡧࠊᖐᅜᚋࡣࠕⵚ␩ᨻᶒ࡛ࠖࣔࣥࢦࣝேᩍ⫱ࢆᢸᙜࡋࠊ኱ᡓᮎᮇ࡟ࡣࠕⵚ
ྂ㠉࿨㟷ᖺඪࠖ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕෆⵚྂேẸඹ࿴ᅜ⮫᫬ᨻᗓࠖゎᩓᚋࡣࣔࣥࢦࣝேẸඹ࿴ᅜ࡟
␃Ꮫࡋ࡚♫఍୺⩏ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣔࣥࢦࣝேẸඹ࿴ᅜ࠿ࡽᖐᅜࡋࡓᙼࡣࠊ࠺ࡕⵚྂ᪥
ሗ♫ࠊෆⵚྂ⮬἞ᨻᗓᩥᩍ㒊⦅ヂฎࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⣴≉ㅙ✕༟⍨⥣࡜୍⥴࡟ෆⵚྂேẸฟ∧♫࡟
㌿ᒓࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࠗẟἑᮾ㑅㞟࠘ࢆࣔࣥࢦࣝᩥ࡟⩻ヂࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊࢧ࢖ࢳࣥ࢞ࡀࣔࣥࢦࣝே
Ẹඹ࿴ᅜ࡛Ꮫࢇࡔࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ♫఍୺⩏⌮ゎࡢ⤒㦂ࡀᚲせࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
1952 ᖺ 8 ᭶ࠊ
ࠕẸ᪘༊ᇦ⮬἞ᐇ᪋せ⥘ࠖࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚୰ඹ୰ኸ࡜୰ኸே
Ẹᨻᗓࡣࠊ1952 ᖺᮎ࠿ࡽ 53 ᖺୖ༙ᮇ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚඲ᅜ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢẸ᪘ᨻ⟇ᇳ⾜≧ἣࢆ᳨ᰝࡍࡿ
࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࢆᐇ⾜ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㔜Ⅼࡣࠊᙉไ࡜࿨௧࡛₎᪘ᆅ༊ࡢ᪉ἲࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᑡᩘẸ᪘
࡟ᣢࡗ࡚᮶ࡓࡾࠊ↓⚄⤒࡞Ẹ᪘ⓗᕪูࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࠕ኱₎᪘୺⩏ࠖࢆᢈุࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡗ
ࡓ29ࠋ
ࠕ኱₎᪘୺⩏ࠖᢈุࡢ඲ᅜⓗᒎ㛤ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ1953 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 16 ᪥ࠊⵚ⥀ᆅ༊ⵚྂㄒᩥᕤస
఍㆟ࡀ㛤࠿ࢀࡓࠋ఍㆟࡟ฟᖍࡋࡓⅲ⹒ኵࡣࠊ
ࠕẸ᪘ㄒᩥࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣඪࡢẸ᪘ᨻ⟇ࢆ
㈏ᚭࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ᵓᡂ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᗈ኱࡞ᖿ㒊୰࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣィ⏬ⓗ࡟㡰ᗎࢆ㏣ࡗ࡚ⵚᩥᏛ⩦
ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒᩥࡢ౑⏝⠊ᅖࢆ㏲ḟᣑ኱ࡍࡿࠋඪ࣭ᨻ࣭⩌ྛᶵ㛵ࡀ∾༊࣭ⵚ₎㞧ᒃ
༊࡟Ⓨࡍࡿᩥ⊩ࡣ୺࡟ⵚᩥࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋⵚᩥᕤసᖿ㒊ࢆ኱㔞࡟㣴ᡂࡋࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒᩥᕤసࡢ
ᣦᑟࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡿࠖ࡜ሗ࿌ࡋࡓ30ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ୰ඹⵚ⥀ศᒁࡣ 1953 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࠊ
ࠕ㛵ன཯ᑐᛛどẸ᪘ㄒᩥ⌧㇟ཬ㐍୍ṌຍᙉẸ
᪘ㄒᩥᕤసⓗᣦ♧ࠖࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࠊẸ᪘ㄒᩥᕤసࡢ㔜せᛶࠊẸ᪘ㄒᩥࡢᏛ⩦࡜౑⏝ࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝ
⮴ຊனಖ␃Ẹ᪘ᩥ໬ࠖ
ࠗⵚྂ෗ព࠘ᙜ௦ே≀ᕳ 2ࠊẸ᪘ฟ∧♫ࠊ423-426
㡫ࠋ
28ࠕᇵ㣴ᑡᩘẸ᪘ᖿ㒊ヨ⾜ἲ᱌ࠖ1950 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸦୰ኸேẸᨻᗓἲไጤဨ఍⦅ࠗ୰ኸே
Ẹᨻᗓἲ௧ᙡ⦅ 1949㸫1950࠘ேẸฟ∧♫ࠊ1952 ᖺࠊ181-182 㡫㸧ࠋ
29 ࠗᙜ௦୰ᅜⓗẸ᪘ᕤస࠘ୖࠊᙜ௦୰ᅜฟ∧♫ࠊ1993 ᖺࠊ102-107 㡫ࠋ
30 ๓ᥖࠗෆⵚྂ኱஦グ࠘
ࠊ482 㡫ࠋ
27 ࠕ⣴≉ㅙ✕༟⍨⥣
72
ㄒᩥ⩻ヂࠊⵚᩥᕤసᖿ㒊ࡢᇵ㣴ࠊⵚྂㄒᩥ◊✲఍ࡢ๰タࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓࠋྠ᪥ࠊࡇࡢ᪉㔪࡟
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚➨୍ḟ඲༊ⵚᩥᕤస఍㆟ࡀ㛤࠿ࢀࠊෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊ⵚྂㄒᩥ◊✲఍ࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࠋ
◊✲఍ࡣⵚྂྡモ㏙ㄒࡢ⤫୍ࠊ㎡᭩⦅⧩ࠊⵚᩥㄒἲ࣭⩻ヂࡢ◊✲ࠊ᪂ⵚᩥࡢ◊✲ࠊ㆑Ꮠᕤ
స࡞࡝ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࠊအ㇏㜿ࢆ୺௵ࠊ㢠∞ᩔ㝡ඞ㝡࡜Ύ᱁∞Ὀࢆ๪୺௵࡜ࡋࡓ31ࠋ
୺௵ࡢအ㇏㜿ࡣࠕ‶Ὢᅜࠖ㥔᪥኱౑㤋ࡢせဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ᮾி࡟ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㡭ࠊᮾிᅄ㇂ࡢ
⮬Ꮿ࡟ⵚྂ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚཯᪥ᛮ᝿࣭Ẹ᪘୺⩏ࢆッ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒ⤫୍ࡢၥ
㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㅮ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ㢠∞ᩔ㝡ඞ㝡ࡣࠕ‶Ὢᅜ࡛ࠖ୰Ꮫᩍᖌࢆࡍࡿ࠿ࡓࢃࡽࠊ
ⵚᩥᏛ఍ࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝᩥ㞧ㄅࠗ୤ᐥ࠘ࡢ⦅㞟ࢆࡘ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋⵚᩥᏛ఍ࡣ 1926 ᖺ࡟໭ᖹ࡛
๰❧ࡉࢀࠊ஬࣭ᅄ㐠ືࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ᡂ❧ࡋࡓⵚྂ㟷ᖺᩥ໬ᅋయ࡛࠶ࡾࠊⵚྂẸ᪘ᩥ໬ࡢ
⥅ᢎ࡜ⓎᥭࠊⵚྂẸ᪘ࡢ᣺⯆ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᶵ㛵ㄅ࡛࠶ࡿࠗ୤ᐥ࠘ࡣࠊ⥲ྜ㞧ㄅ࡜ࡋ
࡚Ṕྐ࣭ᆅ⌮࣭⾨⏕࣭⛉Ꮫ࣭ᖖ㆑➼ࡢෆᐜࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ32ࠋࡲࡓࠊΎ᱁∞Ὀࡣ᪥ᮏ
␃Ꮫ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡕࠊᩧᩧအ∞ࡢ㌷ᨻ኱Ꮫ࡛ⵚᩥ◊✲ᐊࡢ୺௵ࠊㄒᩥᕤసฎฎ㛗ࢆṔ௵ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ⵚྂㄒᩥ◊✲఍࡟⤖㞟ࡋࡓࣔࣥࢦࣝே࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡣࠊᘓᅜ௨๓࠿ࡽࣔࣥࢦࣝ
ㄒᩥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࣭ᐇ㊶࡟ᚑ஦ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୰ඹᣦᑟୗࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒᩥ◊✲࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ༑ศ
࡞ពḧ࡜ຊ㔞ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ7 ᪥࡟ࡣᖐ⥀ᕷ࡟ෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊ⵚᩥᑓ⛉Ꮫᰯࡀᡂ❧ࡋࠊ≉ྂ᪁ࡀᰯ㛗࡜࡞ࡗࡓ
ⵚྂㄒᩥ◊✲఍ࡀ 55 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟⦅⧩ฟ∧ࡋࡓࠗ₎ⵚ⡆␎㎡඾࠘ࡣࠊᶆ‽ࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒࢆ☜
❧ࡍࡿୖ࡛ព⩏ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ㎡᭩⦅⧩ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊஹோࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ⵚྂṔྐ࣭ㄒゝᩥᏛ࣭
ࡑࡢ௚ 1000 ௳௨ୖࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ཰㞟ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࡞࠿࡟ࡣⵚᩥࠕỤ჉∞ఏࠖࡸࠕ⣚ᴥክࠖࡢⵚᩥ
ヂᮏ࡞࡝⌋ࡋ࠸Ẹ᪘ᩥ໬㑇⏘ࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᩥᏛⱁ⾡ᕤస࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊⵚྂ㟷ᖺࡢసᐙࡸリேࡶẸ᪘ㄒᩥࢆ⏝࠸࡚๰సά
ືࢆ㐍ࡵࠊẸ⾗ࡢḼ㏄ࡍࡿసရࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶࠊࢧ࢖ࢳࣥ࢞ࡣリḷࠕ㏄᥋ᅜ៞
⠇ࠖࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ά㌍ࡣ┠ぬࡋࡃࠊෆⵚྂேẸฟ∧♫ࡀෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊ᡂ❧ 10 ࿘ᖺࢆグ
ᛕࡋ࡚ฟ∧≀࡟ࡶ཰㘓ࡉࢀࡓ33ࠋࢧ࢖ࢳࣥ࢞ࡣ 1939 ᖺࠊⵚᩥᏛ఍࡟ධ఍ࡋࠊ㢠∞ᩔ㝡ඞ㝡
ࡀ⦅㞟ࡍࡿ㞧ㄅࠗ୤ᐥ࠘࡟సရࢆᢞ✏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊෆⵚྂᆅ༊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ྑὴ㜚தࡣࠊ1957 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 15 ᪥௜ࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘♫ㄽࠕ୙
⬟ྈチᢈホࠊ୙チ཯ᢈホ࡛ࠖᖥࢆ㛤ࡅࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘ࡣ 7 ᭶ 1 ᪥࡟♫ㄽࠕ≽≽
ᆅᡴᧁྑὴศᏊࠖࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࠊ8 ᭶࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᨷᧁࡣࠊ⮬἞༊ඪᨻᶵ㛵ࠊ኱ᑓ㝔ᰯࠊẸ୺ඪὴࠊ
᪂⪺ฟ∧఍ࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡⏺ࠊᩥⱁ⏺࠿ࡽᕤேࠊ㎰Ẹࠊᕤၟ⏺ࠊᏛᰯ⫋ဨ࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡎᨷᧁࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚㺀‶Ὢᅜ㺁࡛㣴ᡂࡉࢀࡓࣔࣥࢦࣝ▱㆑ேࡢࠕෆⵚྂ⊂❧ࠖㄽ
⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୍㈏ࡋ࡚୰ᅜࡢ࡞࠿ࡢෆⵚྂࢆ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࿧࿴ᾈ≉ᕷ๪ᕷ㛗ࠊෆⵚྂ⮬἞
༊ேẸጤဨ఍ጤဨࡢᰤ⚈࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᰤ⚈ࡣᩚ㢼㐠ື㛤ጞᚋࠊ୰ඹࠊⵚྂẸ᪘ࠊ₎Ẹ᪘ࡢᅋ
31
32
33
๓ᥖࠗෆⵚྂ኱஦グ࠘ࠊ483 㡫ࠋ
ෆⵚྂᅗ᭩㤋⦅ࠗᘓᅜ๓ෆⵚྂᆅ᪉ሗห⪃㘓࠘1987 ᖺࠊ80 㡫ࠋ
ࠗග᫂᪥ሗ࠘1957 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 12 ᪥ࠋ
73
⤖ࢆ◚ቯࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋΎᮅ᫬௦ⵚ₎ேẸࡣἼ㢼ࡶ❧࡚ࡎ࡟௰Ⰻࡃᬽࡽࡋ࡚
࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⌧ᅾℜṚࡢ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮾすෆⵚྂࡢ⤫୍ᚋࠊᮾ㒊࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓࣔࣥࢦࣝேࡣࠕࢭࢡ
ࢺ୺⩏࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋඹ⏘ඪࡣ୺ほ୺⩏࡜ᐁ൉୺⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋⵚྂẸ᪘ࡀ₎᪘ࡢ୍ᨭ᪘࡜ࡍࡿࠕⵚ
₎ྠ※ㄽࠖࢆᥖࡆࠊᅜẸඪࡢྠ໬ᨻ⟇ࢆ᥼ຓࡋࡓࠋᅵ㯲≉᪝࡜࿧࿴ᾈ≉ᕷࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝ᪘ே
Ẹࡣࠊෆⵚྂᨻ༠୺ദࡢ཯ྑὴ኱఍ୖ࡛ࠊᰤ⚈ࡢ࡛ࡓࡽࡵࢆ⢊○ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺34ࠋᰤ⚈ᨷᧁ
ࡢゝㄝ࡟ࡣࠊෆⵚྂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ྑὴ㜚தࡢ⌮ㄽࡀෆໟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ୰ඹࡢẸ᪘ᨻ⟇ࡢ㔜Ⅼ
ࡣࠊྛẸ᪘ᅛ᭷ࡢゝㄒᩥ໬ࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ57 ᖺ 2 ᭶࡟ẟἑᮾࡢㅮヰࠕ㛵னṇ
☜ฎ⌮ேẸෆ㒊▩┪ⓗၥ㢟ࠖࡣࠊẸ᪘ᆅ༊࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠕ኱₎᪘୺⩏ࠖ࡜ࠕᆅ᪉Ẹ᪘୺⩏ࠖ
ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ
ࠕ኱₎Ẹ᪘୺⩏ࠖࡢඞ᭹ࢆඛỴ᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᰤ⚈ࡢࠕⵚ₎ྠ※ㄽࠖࡣẸ᪘ࡢᅛ
᭷ᛶࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࠕ኱₎᪘୺⩏ࠖ࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࠊᨷᧁᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉ࠊ8 ᭶
14 ᪥ࠊෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊ேẸጤဨ఍ࡣࣔࣥࢦࣝᩥ∧ࠗẟἑᮾ㑅㞟࠘ࡢ⩻ヂேဨࢆዡບࡋࡓ35ࠋ
34
35
ࠗග᫂᪥ሗ࠘1957 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 28 ᪥ࠋ
๓ᥖࠗෆⵚྂ⮬἞༊ྐ࠘ࠊ519 㡫ࠋ
74
2012/3/12
ⱝᡭ◊✲⪅䜲䞁䝍䞊䝘䝅䝵䝘䝹䞉䝖䝺䞊䝙䞁䜾䞉䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮
䛂➨3ᅇ䜰䝆䜰䞉Ḣ⡿䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮ὴ㐵⪅ᡂᯝሗ࿌఍䛃
•⍮䚓ൠ ѝኡབྷᆖ
•⍮䚓ᵏ䰤 ˉ
ʴൟσԧ‫׎࡫׎‬ЭࢸƴƓƚǔ
ȢȳǴȫჷᜤʴƷßϐዻà
Ü᳸Ü
⏣୰ ๛
ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ
2011ᖺ07᭶30᪥
ḕ䰵䍴ᯉ
⹄ウ⍫ࣘ
• ޵㫉ਔᰕᣕ
•ѝኡབྷᆖമҖ侶
ࡋ࠺Ҿ1948ᒤ1ᴸ1ᰕDŽ䈕ᣕ㌫
ѝ‫޵ޡ‬㫉ਔ㠚⋫४ငઈՊ‫ޣ‬ᣕDŽ䈕
ᣕᱟ޵㫉ਔਁ㹼䟿ᴰབྷⲴᣕ㓨,㠣Ӻ
ӽ൘ࠪ࠺DŽ
•ᒯьⴱ・ѝኡമҖ侶
•ᒯьⴱ・ѝኡമҖ侶᮷ᗧ࠶侶
• ѝ↓ᰕᣕ
ࡋ࠺Ҿ1942ᒤDŽਁ㹼Ӫ⦻‫ן‬㘄DŽ
1949ᒤ9ᴸ14ᰕ‫࠺ڌ‬DŽ
• ᒯᐎᰕᣕ
ࡋ࠺1948ᒤ5ᴸ1ᰕDŽ䈕ᣕ㌫ഭ
≁‫ފ‬ᒯь‫ފ‬䜘‫ޣ‬ᣕ,ਁ㹼Ӫᕐे⎧DŽ
1949ᒤ3ᴸ29ᰕ,᭩਽ljѝཞᰕᣕNJ,
⽮䮯䲦ᐼ൓DŽ1949ᒤ10ᴸ13ᰕ,ᒯᐎ
Ā䀓᭮āࡽ‫࠺ڌ‬
બ઼⎙⢩ᐲ⇑Ԛ侶
㍒㘱ᐸ㪜⽬
75
1
2012/3/12
㍒ዣं᡾ᐳ˄ˉ˅
•ᒤ⭏ҾબՖ䍍ቄⴏ㓒㣡ቄสDŽ
•ᒤ∅ъҾ᡾䍹⢩ᐸ䚃ᆖṑDŽ
•ᒤ㘳‫┑ޕ‬⍢ഭ・૸ቄ┘ᆖ䲒DŽ
•ᒤ∅ъਾਇ㚈┑⍢ഭ‫ޤ‬ᆹेⴱ‫ޜ‬㖢DŽ
•ᒤᴸ৫ҶѼ‫ޠ‬ᐤᢈ൘‫ފ‬ᒢ䜘ᆖṑ⮉ᆖDŽ
•ᒤ∅ъਾഐ৽‫৽ޡ‬Ӫ≁⍫ࣘ㻛ᦅ‫⤡ޕ‬ҶDŽ
•ᒤ㻛〫䘱޵㫉બ઼⎙⢩ⴁ⤡DŽ
•ᒤ㻛〫䘱䶂⎧ⴱ㾯ᆱࣣࣘ᭩䙐ᡰDŽ
•ᒤлᯩࡠ䶂⎧Ḥ䗮ᵘ⳶ൠߌ൪DŽ
•ᒤᒣ৽Ҷਾᆹ㖞൘⢗⮌、ᆖ⹄ウᡰᐕ֌DŽ
•ᒤ൘޵㫉ਔབྷᆖԫᮉDŽ
•ᒤ䘰Ձਾᔰ࣎ᰕ䈝ᆖṑāཆ䈝ษ䇝ѝ
ᗳāDŽ
•ᒤ൘Ѽ‫ޠ‬ᐤᢈࡋ࣎āኅᵋᆖṑāDŽ
৲㘳䍴ᯉ⣽ᕝ࿋ 䛄ⲡཎ䛾䝷䞊䝀䝸ʊ䛅ᩥ⸤᫓⛅
޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४䙀⑀ᖒᡀ
◊✲ᡂᯝ
• 1947ᒤ5ᴸˈ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫᭯ᓌ˄49ᒤ᭩〠Ѫ޵㫉ਔ
㠚⋫४˅ҾѝॾӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭᡀ・ѻࡽ䈎⭏ҶDŽ
Ӫ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭᡀ・ࡽਾⲴ
㫉ਔ⸕䇶ӪⲴþ䟽㓴ÿ
͸1947̚1957͸
1947 1957
• 1947ᒤᡀ・Ⲵ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४᭯ᓌਚн䗷ᱟ᰾⺞Ҷ
޵㫉ਔⲴ᭯⋫㔃ᶴDŽ
• 䲿ਾˈ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४㇑䗆Ⲵ४ฏнᯝᢙབྷDŽ
1.
2.
3.
4.
1952ᒤ6ᴸˈ俆ᓌӾᕐᇦਓᐲ〫ࡠҶ㔕䘌ᐲDŽ
1954ᒤ3ᴸˈ㔕䘌ⴱ㻛↓ᔿᓏ䲔ˈᆳᡰ㇑䗆Ⲵ४ฏࡂᖂ㠚⋫४DŽ
਼ᒤ4ᴸˈ㔕䘌ᐲ᭩〠Ѫબ઼⎙⢩ᐲDŽ
1956ᒤ䱯᣹ழᐖǃਣᰇо仍⍾㓣ᰇҏӾ⭈㚳ⴱࡂᖂ㠚⋫४ˈᖒᡀҶ⧠൘Ⲵ޵㫉ਔ
㠚⋫४DŽ
ᨀࠪ䰞仈
1. ѝ‫ޡ‬ሩ㫉ਔ⸕䇶࠶ᆀⲴ੨᭦
• ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४൘ᢙབྷ㇑䗆Ⲵ४ฏⲴ䗷〻ѝˈᘾṧ
ࡺᕡо⬖䀓Ҷ㫉ਔ᯿਴⿽Ⲵ᭯⋫ᵳ࣋о䘀ࣘˈᘾ
ṧ䳶ѝҶ㠚⋫४Ⲵ᭯ᵳ?
• ѝഭ‫ޡ‬ӗ‫(ފ‬ԕлˈѝ‫)ޡ‬ᣇᡈ㜌࡙ਾˈ੨᭦ᰗ᭯ᵳ
Ⲵ㫉ਔ⸕䇶࠶ᆀⲴ䗷〻࠶ᡀԕлйњ䱦⇥DŽ
a ሩ՚
a.
ሩ՚Ā㫉⮶᭯ᵳāፙ⒳ਾᡀ・ⲴĀ㫉ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭ
㫉⮶᭯ᵳ ፙ⒳ਾᡀ・Ⲵ 㫉ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭ
• ᰗ㔏⋫㘵Ⲵ㫉ਔ᯿৏ᶕᱟᣇᰕᡈҹࡽ൘ेᒣᡆই
ӜⲴ儈ㅹᮉ㛢ᵪ‫ޣ‬ѝᆖҐˈᡆ㘵ࡠᰕᵜ⮉ᆖˈᦼ
ᨑҶ儈ᓖⲴу䰘⸕䇶Ⲵ⸕䇶࠶ᆀDŽԆԜ൘‫׳‬䘋≁
᯿ᐕ֌ᖃѝᘾṧਁᥕҶަуъ⸕䇶?
Ѥᰦ᭯ᓌāⲴ੨᭦DŽ
b. ሩ՚Ā┑⍢ഭāፙ⒳ਾᇓᐳ༽⍫Ⲵ޵㫉ਔӪ≁䶙ભ
‫Ⲵފ‬੨᭦DŽ
c.
ഭ≁᭯ᓌ㔏⋫лⲴ޵㫉ਔൠ४Ⲵ੨᭦DŽ
76
2
2012/3/12
a.Ā޵㫉ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭѤᰦ᭯ᓌāⲴ੨᭦
b.൘޵㫉ਔь䜘ኅᔰⲴ≁᯿䘀ࣘⲴ੨᭦
• 1945ᒤ8ᴸлᰜˈĀ㫉⮶᭯ᵳāᴰ儈⌅䲒䲒䮯㺕㤡
䗮䎆ˈ㫉ਔ⸕䇶䶂ᒤԜ൘㾯㣿ቬ⢩ᰇ㔃ᡀĀ޵㫉
ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭѤᰦ᭯ᓌāDŽ
• 䪸ሩ䘉њ䘀ࣘѝ‫ފޡ‬ઈѼ‫ޠ‬ཛੁĀѤᰦ᭯ᓌāⲴ
䶂ᒤㄝቭ‫Ⲵ࣋ޘ‬䈤᰾Ҷѝ‫≁Ⲵޡ‬᯿᭯ㆆ ᭯ᓌ俆
䶂ᒤㄝቭ‫Ⲵ࣋ޘ‬䈤᰾Ҷѝ‫≁Ⲵޡ‬᯿᭯ㆆDŽ᭯ᓌ俆
㝁䟽ᯠ䘹ѮⲴ㔃᷌ˈѼ‫ޠ‬ཛ㻛䘹ѪѫᑝˈަԆⲴ
ĀѤᰦ᭯ᓌāˈᡀઈҏ‫ޘ‬䜘㻛ѝ‫ފޡ‬ઈᡰਆԓDŽ
• Ѽ‫ޠ‬ཛ䀓ᮓҶĀѤᰦ᭯ᓌā ˈߣᇊᡀ・޵㫉ਔ㠚
⋫䘀ࣘ㚄ਸՊDŽ1945ᒤ11ᴸˈ൘ᕐᇦਓਜᔰҶ㚄
ਸՊᡀ・བྷՊDŽ
• 1945ᒤ8ᴸˈ՚┑⍢ഭᇈઈ૸Ѡ䱯ㅹӪ൘⦻⡧ᓉѮ
㹼Ҷ৽ᰕ↖㻵䎧ѹDŽ
• 1946ᒤ2ᴸ൘⦻⡧ᓉᇓᐳᡀ・ьĀ㫉㠚⋫᭯ᓌ”ˈ
䈅മԕѝॾ≁ഭ޵ⲴĀ儈ᓖ㠚⋫āѪⴞḷ䘋㹼䟽
ᯠ⍫ࣘDŽ
c.ሩഭ≁᭯ᓌ㔏⋫лⲴ޵㫉ਔൠ४Ⲵ੨᭦
㫉ਔӪᒢ䜘Ⲵᙍᜣ㔏а䰞仈
• ᣇᡈ㔃ᶏᰦ,‫֌ڵ‬ѹ⦷亶Ⲵഭ≁᭯ᓌߋˈᖸᘛൠ᭦
༽Ҷ㔕䘌ⴱൠ४ˈⴱ᭯ᓌഐ↔ҏӾ䲅े䗲䗱〫㔕
䘌DŽ
• 46ᒤ7ᴸ޵ᡈ⠶ਁᰦˈഭ‫ޡ‬є‫ފ‬৸൘㾯޵㫉ਔኅᔰ
ҹཪᡈDŽ
• 1949ᒤ3ᴸ∋⌭ьਁ㺘ҶĀ㔕䘌ᯩᔿā༠᰾ˈ䙬䘛
㔕䘌Ⲵഭ≁‫↻ފ‬։࣯࣋ᣅ䱽DŽ
• 9ᴸ19ᰕˈ㪓ަ↖ǃ㦓⾕(㫉ਔӪ)ㅹ39Ӫ൘‫֌ڵ‬ѹ
Ⲵ䈤ᴽлᇓᐳѮ㹼Ā㔕䘌઼ᒣ䎧ѹāDŽ
• ѝ‫ޡ‬ѝཞьेተҾ1948ᒤ7ᴸ2ᰕ൘૸ቄ┘ਜᔰⲴ
޵㫉ਔᒢ䜘Պ䇞DŽ
2.ѝ‫Ⲵޡ‬㫉ਔ䈝᮷ᐕ֌઼㫉ਔ⸕䇶࠶ᆀ
㘫䈁ࠪ⡸lj∋⌭ь䘹䳶NJ
• 1951ᒤ1ᴸ24ᰕˈ޵㫉ਔӪ≁᭯ᓌ䙊⸕਴ൠѝᆖ,
‫ޘ‬䶒Ựḕ㫉᮷ᮉ㛢ᐕ֌,ᨀࠪ᭩䘋᜿㿱DŽ
• 1951ᒤ6ᴸ11ᰕˈ൘Ѽ‫⎙ޠ‬⢩ᡀ・Ҷ޵㫉ਔӪ≁ࠪ
⡸⽮DŽ
• ൘Ӫ≁ࠪ⡸⽮䍏䍓㫉᮷ࠪ⡸һъⲴˈᱟӾ޵㫉ਔ
൘Ӫ≁ࠪ⡸⽮䍏䍓㫉᮷ࠪ⡸һъⲴ ᱟӾ޵㫉ਔ
㠚⋫᭯ᓌ᮷ᮉ䜘㕆䗁䈁༴䈳ԫᶕⲴᙫ㕆䗁ᇔѫԫ
㍒⢩䈪ぶṼ⧋㔠DŽ
• Ԇᴮ൘՚Ā㫉⮶᭯ᵳāᰦԓᣵԫ࣑᭯䲒䮯Ⲵ〈Җˈ
ҏᴮ൘ᰕᵜᰙに⭠བྷᆖ⮉ᆖˈ৲࣐䶙ભ䘀ࣘᱟㅜ
Ҽ⅑ц⭼བྷᡈ㔃ᶏѻਾDŽ
• 1954ᒤ5ᴸ5ᰕˈlj∋⌭ь䘹䳶NJ(ㅜаধ)㫉᮷㋮㻵
ᵜ⭡޵㫉ਔӪ≁ࠪ⡸⽮ࠪ⡸DŽ
• ৲࣐䘉⅑㘫䈁ࠪ⡸ᐕ֌Ⲵᱟ㓣ͼຎ丣ᵍ‫ݻ‬മDŽ
• 㓣ͼຎ丣ᵍ‫ݻ‬മᴮ൘⮉ᆖᰕᵜь⌻བྷᆖˈᆖҐᮉ㛢
㓣 ຎ丣ᵍ‫ݻ‬മᴮ൘⮉ᆖᰕᵜь⌻བྷᆖˈᆖҐᮉ㛢
ᆖˈഎഭਾ൘՚Ā㫉⮶᭯ᵳāᣵᖃሩ㫉ਔӪᮉ㛢ˈ
ᣇᡈ㔃ᶏᰦ৲࣐Ҷ Ā޵㫉ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭѤᰦ᭯
ᓌāDŽ
• Ѽ‫ޠ‬ཛⲴ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫䘀ࣘ㚄ਸՊ㓴ᡀҶь㫉ᐕ֌
ഒ⍮ࡠь㫉㠚⋫᭯ᓌⲴᤷᥕ䜘ѻл䘋㹼ᐕ֌DŽ
• ѝ‫ޡ‬࣯᭫Ⲵ㔃᷌ˈ5ᴸˈь㫉㠚⋫᭯ᓌᇓᐳ䀓ᮓDŽ
• ѝ‫ޡ‬Ҿ1947ᒤ5ᴸᡀ・Ҷ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫᭯ᓌDŽ
• 儈዇൘ᒢ䜘Պ䇞ѝⲴ╄䇢ѝѮࠪҶ㫉ਔӪⲴᯠᒢ
䜘‫ٿ‬䟽≁᯿ᯇҹ㘼䖫㿶䱦㓗ᯇҹㅹ䰞仈DŽ
• ⦻⡧ᓉⲴ޵㫉ਔߋ᭯ᒢ䜘ᆖṑ䳶ѝҶՇཊⲴ㻛䇔
Ѫᗵ享䘋㹼ᙍᜣ᭩䙐Ⲵ㫉ਔӪ䶂ᒤDŽ
• ĀѤᰦ᭯ᓌā䀓ᮓਾˈԆ৸ࡠ㫉ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭ⮉
ᆖ᧕ਇ⽮Պѫѹᮉ㛢DŽ
77
3
2012/3/12
3.㫉ਔ᮷ᆇ᭩䶙઼㫉ਔ⸕䇶࠶ᆀ
㫉ਔ䈝᮷⹄ウՊ
• 1952ᒤ8ᴸˈѝཞӪ≁᭯ᓌ‫ޜ‬ᐳҶlj≁᯿४ฏ㠚⋫
ᇎᯭ㓢㾱NJDŽ
• 1953ᒤ5ᴸ16ᰕˈ㫉㔕ൠ४㫉ਔ䈝᮷ᐕ֌Պ䇞ᔰᒅ
ҶDŽ
• Ѽ‫ޠ‬ཛࠪᑝՊ䇞ᒦ֌ᣕ੺ˈᤷࠪਁኅ≁᯿䈝᮷ᱟ
Ѽ‫ޠ‬ཛࠪᑝՊ䇞ᒦ֌ᣕ੺ ᤷࠪਁኅ≁᯿䈝᮷ᱟ
䍟ᖫ‫≁Ⲵފ‬᯿᭯ㆆⲴ䟽㾱㓴ᡀ䜘࠶ˈ㾱≲൘ᒯབྷ
ᒢ䜘ѝᴹ䇑ࡂǃᴹ↕僔ൠᔰኅ㫉᮷ᆖҐˈ䙀↕ᢙ
བྷ㫉ਔ䈝᮷Ⲵ֯⭘㤳തDŽ‫ފ‬ǃ᭯ǃ㗔਴ᵪ‫ࡠਁޣ‬
⢗४৺㫉≹ᵲት४Ⲵ᮷Ԧ㾱⭘㫉᮷˗བྷ䟿ษޫ㫉
᮷ᐕ֌ᒢ䜘ˈ࣐ᕪሩ㫉ਔ䈝᮷ᐕ֌Ⲵ亶ሬDŽ
• 1953ᒤ7ᴸ1ᰕ,ѝ‫ޡ‬ѝཞ㫉㔕࠶ተ⺞䇔Ҷ≁᯿䈝䀰᮷ॆⲴ
䟽㾱ᙗǃ᰾⺞ҶᆖҐ֯⭘㫉᮷ˈ㘫䈁㫉᮷ˈษޫ㫉᮷ᐕ֌
ᒢ䜘ˈࡋ࣎㫉᮷⹄ウՊDŽ
• ਼ᰕˈਜᔰҶㅜа⅑‫ޘ‬४㫉᮷ᐕ֌Պˈᡀ・Ҷ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫
४㫉ਔ䈝᮷⹄ウՊDŽ
• ⹄ウՊⲴԫ࣑वᤜ㔏а㫉ਔ਽䇽ᵟ䈝ǃ㕆㒲䇽Җǃ⹄ウ㫉
᮷䀰⌅ǃ䘋㹼㘫䈁ᐕ֌ǃ⹄ウᯠ㫉᮷ㅹDŽ
• ૸Ѡ䱯ԫ⹄ウՊѫԫˈ仍ቄᮖ䲦‫ݻ‬䲦઼␵Ṭቄ⌠ԫ࢟ѫԫDŽ
• 1955ᒤ6ᴸ㫉ਔ䈝᮷⹄ウՊ㕆߉ࠪ⡸Ⲵlj≹㫉ㆰ⮕䇽ިNJDŽ
㫉ਔ᮷ᆇ᭩䶙ငઈՊ
4. 㫉ਔ⸕䇶࠶ᆀⲴ㔃ተ
• 1955ᒤ7ᴸ13ᰕˈԕ㫉ਔ䈝᮷⹄ウՊѪส⹰ˈ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫
४㫉ਔ᮷ᆇ᭩䶙ငઈՊᡀ・ҶDŽ૸Ѡ䱯ԫѫԫˈ仍ቄᮖ䲦
‫ݻ‬䲦ԫ࢟ѫԫDŽ
• 1957ᒤ6ᴸ15ᰕlj޵㫉ਔᰕᣕNJਁ㺘⽮䇪<н㜭ਚ䇨ᢩ䇴ˈ
н䇨৽ᢩ䇴>ˈ޵㫉ਔൠ४Ⲵ৽ਣ⍮ᯇҹቡ↔᣹ᔰᒿᒅDŽ
• ‫ݸ‬㻛ᢃ‫ˈⲴق‬нᱟ৏ᶕⲴĀ޵㫉ਔ⤜・⍮āˈ㘼ᱟа䍟ѫ
ᕐ޵㫉ਔ኎ҾѝഭⲴબ઼⎙⢩ᐲ࢟ᐲ䮯ެ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४Ӫ
≁ငઈՊငઈ㦓⾕DŽ
• 7ᴸ22ᰕ
7ᴸ22ᰕˈߣᇊҶ䟷⭘㫉ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭᐢ䈅㹼ᡀ࣏Ⲵᯠ㫉
ߣᇊҶ䟷⭘㫉ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬ഭᐢ䈅㹼ᡀ࣏Ⲵᯠ㫉
᮷DŽ
• ޵㫉ਔӪ≁ࠪ⡸⽮Ӿ1956ᒤࡠ57ᒤѻ䰤ࠪ⡸Ⲵᯠ㫉ਔ᮷ᆇ
ⲴҖ㉽ᮠ䗮67ԦDŽ޵ᇩवᤜᮉ㛢ǃ᮷㢪ǃ㠚❦、ᆖǃߌъǃ
५ᆖㅹཊњуъDŽ↔ཆ䘈བྷ䟿ࠪ⡸Ҷ㣿㚄ǃ㫉ਔӪ≁‫઼ޡ‬
ഭⲴ㪇֌DŽ
• lj‫ݹ‬᰾ᰕᣕNJ൘ᣕ䚃ᮤњһԦᰦ䈤:ᮤ仾䘀ࣘᔰ࿻ਾˈ㦓⾕
аⴤԕ⹤ൿѝ‫ޡ‬ǃ㫉ਔ≁᯿о≹≁᯿ѻ䰤Ⲵഒ㔃ѪⴞḷDŽ
• ৏Ā⤜・⍮āⲴ㫉ਔ⸕䇶࠶ᆀ⋑ᴹਇࡠӰѸ᭫ࠫDŽ
‫᧘→ڌ‬㹼ᯠ㫉᮷
৲㘳᮷⥞
• ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४മҖ侶㕆(1987)ˊljᔪഭࡽ޵㫉ਔൠᯩ䶒ᣕ࠺㘳㲁ᖅNJ
޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४മҖ侶.
• 䜍㔤≁㕆(1991)ˊlj޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४ਢNJ޵㫉ਔབྷᆖࠪ⡸⽮.
• ѝ‫ޡ‬ѝཞ㔏ᡈ䜘(1991)ˊlj≁᯿䰞仈᮷⥞≷㕆NJѝ‫ޡ‬ѝཞ‫ފ‬ṑࠪ⡸⽮ˊ
• ѝཞẓṸ侶㕆(1992)ˊljѝ‫ޡ‬ѝཞ᮷Ԧ䘹䳶NJㅜ18޼ˈѝ‫ޡ‬ѝཞ‫ފ‬ṑ
ࠪ⡸⽮
ࠪ⡸⽮ˊ
• ljᖃԓѝഭⲴ≁᯿ᐕ֌NJ㕆䗁䜘㕆(1993)ˊljᖃԓѝഭⲴ≁᯿ᐕ֌NJ
кˈᖃԓѝഭࠪ⡸⽮.
• ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४ẓṸ侶㕆(1997)ˊljѝഭㅜањ≁᯿㠚⋫४䈎⭏ẓṸਢ
ᯉ䘹㕆NJ䘌ᯩࠪ⡸⽮ˊ
• ޵㫉ਔӪ≁ࠪ⡸⽮(1997)ˊlj޵㫉ਔབྷһ䇠NJ޵㫉ਔӪ≁ࠪ⡸⽮ˊ
• lj‫ݹ‬᰾ᰕᣕNJ.
• lj޵㫉ਔᰕᣕNJ.
• 1958ᒤ3ᴸ19ᰕˈ޵㫉ਔ㠚⋫४Ӫ≁ငઈՊ֌ࠪҶlj‫ޣ‬Ҿ
‫᧘→ڌ‬㹼ᯠ㫉᮷ˈ㔗㔝ᆖҐ઼֯⭘ᰗ㫉᮷ⲴߣᇊNJDŽ
• ‫ˈ⭡⨶Ⲵ→ڌ‬䈤ᱟഐѪᯠ㫉ਔ᮷ᱟнㅖਸ᮷ᆇ᭩䶙Ⲵ㋮⾎,
ྲ᷌㔗㔝᧘䘋ᯠ㫉ਔ᮷ ሶ֯㫉ਔ᮷ᆇ᭩䶙Ⲵᐕ֌઼ਁኅ
ྲ᷌㔗㔝᧘䘋ᯠ㫉ਔ᮷ˈሶ֯㫉ਔ᮷ᆇ᭩䶙Ⲵᐕ֌઼ਁኅ
䎠ᖸབྷᕟ䐟DŽ
• ↔ਾˈѝ‫ޡ‬৸ᨀࠪҶĀ㫉≹ެ䙊āⲴਓਧˈ㾱≲㫉ਔ᯿Ӫ
ҏ㾱ᦼᨑ≹䈝ˈ䙀⑀‫ٿ‬䟽Ҿ≹䈝ᮉ㛢DŽ
78
4
㖧࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ
૑↰ ື㇢㧔ੱᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼⎇ⓥຬ㧕
ᵷ㆜వ㧦ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞ
㧜㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪ‫␹ޔ‬ᚭᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ੱᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟ߦ࿷☋ߔࠆᬢี᳁ߩࡔࡦ࠲࡯
ߣߒߡ 2011 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 27 ᣣ߆ࠄ 3 ᦬ 31 ᣣߦ߆ߌߡ㖧࿖ߩᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߦᵷ㆜ߐࠇߚ㓙ߦ
ⴕߞߚ⎇ⓥᵴേࠍ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄႎ๔ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ੱቇ↢ߦኻߒߡⴕߞߚ྾ࠦࡑẂ↹ࠍ૶ߞߚ૞ᢥታ㛎‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߩዊቇᩞ‫ޔ‬
ਛቇᩞ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ᚑဋ㙚ᄢ
ቇᩞߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡮࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩ᝼ᬺ⷗ቇࠍⴕߞߚ㓙ߩ⸥㍳ߦߟ޿
ߡႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧝㧚⺞ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥߩ⢛᥊
ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻ߇ㅴ߻ਛߢᣣᧄߩᄢቇߢ߽ߎࠇ߹ߢએ਄ߦࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജ߇㊀ⷐ
ⷞߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ߦޠ࠭࡞ࠠࠬ࡮ࠢ࠶ࡒ࠺ࠞࠕޟࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ‬ᵈ⋡߇㓸߹ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ1‫ޕ‬
੐ታ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᄢቇߢ‫ޟ‬ᖱႎࠍᢛℂߔࠆ‫ޠ‬
‫ޟ‬ቇⴚ⊛ߥ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻࡮ᢥ┨ࠍᦠߊ‫ޠ‬
‫ޟ‬ญ㗡⊒
⴫ࠍⴕ߁‫ޔ╬ޠ‬ᄢቇ߿ᄢቇ㒮ߩ᝼ᬺߢᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆᣣᧄ⺆ജࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆ᝼ᬺ߇ᣂߚߦ㐿⸳
ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩᜰዉߪ‫߿࠻࡯ࡐ࡟ޔ‬
තᬺ⺰ᢥࠍᦠ߆ߖࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ߩࡒ࠯ࠍ࡞ࠠࠬߩߘޔ‬వヘ߿ᜰዉᢎຬ߆ࠄ㑆ធ⊛‫ޔ‬⢻
േ⊛ߦቇ↢⥄ࠄ߇ቇ߮ขࠆߩ߇ᒰὼߩߎߣߣᦼᓙߐࠇߡ߈ߚߚ߼‫ߩߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒૕೙߇ᧂߛච
ಽߦᢛߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
ߎ߁ߒߚਛߢ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩჇടߦ઻޿ 2000 ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁ߢ߽ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡮
ࠫࡖࡄ࠾࡯࠭ߣ޿߁⴫⃻߇⡞߆ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ2‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߢߪฦ⎇ⓥಽ㊁ߦ․ൻߒߚᣣᧄ⺆ࠕ
ࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩ⎇ⓥ߽⋓ࠎߦⴕࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
⃻࿷‫␹ޔ‬ᚭᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ੱᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩ౒ห⎇ⓥ⚵❱‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ᣣᧄᢥൻᢎ⢒ࠗࡦࠬ࠹ࠖ࠹
ࡘ࡯࠻ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ਄⚖ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߦኻߔࠆᣣᧄ⺆ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ
ߩ⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇ㆀⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ႎ๔⠪߽ߘߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ৻ຬߣߒߡ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ
⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬
1
૒⮮࡮ḡᎹ࡮ᮮጊ࡮ㄭ⮮㧔2006㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬ᄢቇߢቇ໧ࠍⴕ߁⠪ߦߣߞߡ‫ᦨޔ‬ૐ㒢ᔅⷐߥᛛᴺ޽
ࠆ޿ߪᛛⴚ‫ߣޠ࠭࡞ࠠࠬ࡮ࠢ࠶ࡒ࠺ࠞࠕޟࠍߣߎߩޠ‬๭ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2 㐷ୖ࡮╴੗࡮ਃቛ(✬)㧔2006㧕ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬
79
㧞㧚྾ࠦࡑẂ↹ࠍ↪޿ߚ૞ᢥታ㛎
ᷰㄝ㧔2004㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣ☨ਔ࿖ߩᦠ߈ᣇߣ⺆ࠅᣇࠍ฽߻คㅀ⴫⃻ߦߟ޿ߡ⥝๧ᷓ޿⠨
ኤࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬᥉Ბᚒ‫‛߇ޘ‬੐ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ㓙‫ޔ‬಴᧪੐ࠍߘࠇߙࠇ೎‫ߦޘ‬ℂ⸃ߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ߩߤޕ‬಴᧪੐ࠍߪߓ߼ߣᝒ߃ߤߩ಴᧪੐ࠍ⚳ࠊࠅߣᝒ߃ࠆߩ߆ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬಴᧪
੐ߦኻߔࠆ⹤ߒᚻߩ⸃㉼ߦࠃࠆ‫ޔ⺆⸒ߩߤޕ‬ᢥൻߦ߽ߘࠇߙࠇ࿕᦭ߩ⺆ࠅߩ㗅ᐨ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
޽ࠆ⸒⺆․᦭ߩ⺆ࠅߩ㗅ᐨࠍቇ߱ߎߣߪ‫⺰ߩ᦭․⺆⸒ߩߘޔ‬ℂࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍቇ߱ߎߣߢ޽
ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㅒߦ⺰ℂ⊛ߢߥ޿ߣᗵߓࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ‫߿⺆⸒ߩߘޔ‬ᢥൻ․᦭ߩ⺆ࠅߩ㗅ᐨ߆ࠄᄖ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Kaplan㧔1966㧕ߦࠃࠆߣ‫߇╭ߩ⹤ޔ‬ㅢߞߡ޿ࠆߣᗵ
ߓࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥⷐ⚛ߪ‫৻⛔ޟ‬ᕈ㧔unity㧕‫⽾৻ޟޠ‬ᕈ㧔coherence㧕‫޿ߡࠇߐߣࠆ޽ߢޠ‬
ࠆ‫৻⛔ޕ‬ᕈߣߪ‫⺑ޔ‬᣿ߦᔅⷐߥㇱಽ߇ߔߴߡឥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ↢߹ࠇࠆᗵⷡߢ޽ࠆߩߦ
ኻߒ‫⽾৻ޔ‬ᕈߣߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᔅⷐߥㇱಽ߇⺒ߺᚻߦℂ⸃น⢻ߥ㗅ᐨߢਗࠎߢ޿ࠆߎߣߢ↢߹
ࠇࠆᗵⷡߢ޽ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᔅⷐߥㇱಽ߇ߔߴߡឥߞߡ޿ߡ߽‫ߺ⺒ޔ‬ᚻߦℂ⸃
น⢻ߥ㗅ᐨߢਗࠎߢ޿ߥ޿ߣ‫⺰ޔ‬ℂߩ৻⽾ᕈ߇ߥ޿‫⚊ޔ‬ᓧߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᗵᖱ߇⿠ߎࠆ
ߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᣣᧄߢࠃߊ૶ࠊࠇࠆ૞ᢥ᭴ㅧߪ‫⿠ޟ‬ᛚォ⚿‫ߩߎޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬᭴ㅧߪ‫࡮⺆‛ޔ‬㓐╩࡮ቇⴚ⺰
ᢥߦ㒢ࠄߕᢥቇ࡮ߘߩઁ⧓⢻ࠍ฽߼‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߦࠃࠆ⺆ࠅߩߔߴߡࠍ᭴ㅧൻߔࠆ⚵❱ේℂߣ
ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⿠ߩߎޕ‬ᛚォ⚿ߩ᭴ㅧߢߪ‫߽ᦨࠄ߆⺰⚿ޔ‬㆙޿ᖱႎ߆ࠄߪߓ߹ࠅᓢ‫⹤ߦޘ‬㗴ߩ
ᩭᔃߦㄭߠ޿ߡ޿ߊ‫ߩߎޕ‬᭴ㅧߪᦠ߈ᚻߩᕁ⠨ㆊ⒟ߘߩ߽ߩࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ߺ⺒ޔ‬
ᚻߪߘߩᕁ⠨ࠍߚߤࠆߎߣߢᦠ߈ᚻߩᗧ࿑ࠍℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎࠇߦኻߒߡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩࠛ࠶࠮ࠗߣ๭߫ࠇࠆዊ⺰ᢥߪ‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬ਥ㗴ឭ␜㧔Topic sentence㧕‫ޠ‬
‫ޟ‬ਥ㗴ߩ⸽᣿㧔Body㧕‫ޠ‬
‫⺰⚿ޟ‬㧔Conclusion㧕
‫ߩޠ‬ਃㇱ᭴ㅧߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߦᦠ߈ᚻ
ߩਥᒛࠍㅀߴ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦߘߩਥᒛࠍⵣઃߌࠆ⸽᜚ࠍឭ␜ߒ‫ᦨޔ‬ᓟߦਥᒛ߇ᱜߒ޿ߎߣࠍᦨೋ
ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ⴫⃻ߢ➅ࠅ㄰ߔߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⹏ࠆߌ߅ߦࠗ࠮࠶ࠛޕ‬ଔߪ‫ߊߔ߿ࠅ߆ࠊߌߛࠇߤޔ‬
ਥᒛࠍᠩ⼔ߢ߈ߚ߆‫ޔ‬ਥᒛߦ㑐ଥߩߥ޿ㇱಽ߇ߤࠇߛߌ೥ࠅ⪭ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ߢ᳿߹ࠆ‫ޕ‬
৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ⿠ᛚォ⚿ဳߩ૞ᢥߢߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ቢᚑᐲߪࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߩ⼾߆ߐߦࠃߞߡ᷹ࠄࠇ
ࠆ‫ߺ⺒ޕ‬ᚻߩᗧ⴫ࠍߟ޿ߚࠅᄙ᭽ߥ⴫⃻ߢਥ㗴ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᅏᷓ޿ᗵᕈߦࠃߞߡᒻ
ᚑߐࠇߚᄙᓀߥࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߩⶄ㔀ߐߦࠃߞߡ౞ᾫᐲ߇᷹ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᣣᧄߣ☨࿖ߢ
ߪၮ␆ߣߔࠆ⺆ࠅߩ᭴ㅧ߇⇣ߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬㆑޿߇ᦠ߈‛ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᷰㄝ㧔2004㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ⺆ࠅߩ㗅ᐨߩ௑ะࠍ〯߹߃‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߣࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢ૞ᢥ
ߩᦠ߈ᣇ߇㆑߁ߣߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬૗߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲ㆑߁ߩ߆ࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣ☨ߩዊቇᩞఽ┬ߦหߓ
྾ࠦࡑẂ↹ࠍ⷗ߖߡ‫⺑ߦ߁ࠃߩߤࠍࠄࠇߘޔ‬᣿ߔࠆߩ߆ࠍᲧセߒߚ‫ޕ‬
80
ታ㛎ᣇᴺߣෳട⠪
ߎߎߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᷰㄝ㧔2004㧕ߩ྾ࠦࡑẂ↹ߩ૞ᢥታ㛎ߩᚻ㗅ߦᓥ޿‫ޔ‬ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߩቇ
↢ߦኻߒห᭽ߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߪන⚐ߢ‫ޔ‬ਅߩ࿑㧝߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߥᜰ␜ᢥߣ྾ࠦࡑ
Ẃ↹߇ᦠ߆ࠇߚ↪⚕ࠍ㈩Ꮣߒ‫ޔ‬ฦ⥄⥄↱ߦᢥ┨ࠍ૞ߞߡ߽ࠄߞߚ‫ᤨߦ․ޔᤨߩߎޕ‬㑆೙
㒢ߪ⸳ߌߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ߦෳടߒߡߊࠇߚⵍ㛎⠪ߪᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߦᚲዻߔࠆ㧝ᐕ↢߆ࠄ
㧠ᐕ↢߹ߢߩᄢቇ↢ 74 ฬ㧔↵ᕈ 26 ฬ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ 48 ฬ㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ3‫ޕ‬
࿑㧝ߪ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ዋᐕߩ৻ᣣߩ಴᧪੐ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዋᐕߩฬ೨ߪ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߢߥߓߺߩ
޽ࠆ࠴࡚࡞ࠬ㧔㻶㑮㧕ߣฬઃߌߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߩࠦࡑߢߪዋᐕ߇ࠥ࡯ࡓߦᄞਛߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ੑࠦࡑ⋡ߢߪዋᐕߪᘓߡߡ㊁⃿ߩ⹜วߦ಴߆ߌ‫ޔ‬ਃࠦࡑ⋡ߢߪዋᐕߪ㑆㆑ߞߚࡃࠬߦਸ਼
ߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߎߣߦ᳇ߠߊ‫ᦨߡߒߘޕ‬ᓟߩࠦࡑߢߪ೎ߩዋᐕ߇ࡑ࠙ࡦ࠼ߢᛩߍߡ޿ࠆற
ࠄ‫ޔ‬ዋᐕ߇ࡌࡦ࠴ߢߒࠂࠎ߷ࠅᐳߞߡ޿ࠆ႐㕙߇ឬ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑㧝 ⺖㗴ߩ໧㗴ᢥߣ྾ࠦࡑẂ↹
㧨ᣣᧄ⺆⸶㧪
࠴࡚࡞ࠬߪਛቇ↢ߢߔ‫ߣࡓ࡯ࠥࡆ࡟࠹ޕ‬㊁⃿߇ߣߡ߽ᄢᅢ߈ߢߔ‫ߪࠬ࡞࡚࠴ޕ‬㊁⃿
࠴࡯ࡓߩࠛ࡯ࠬࡇ࠶࠴ࡖ࡯ߢ‫ޔ‬Ფㅳ࿯ᦐᣣߩᦺ‫ޔ‬㊁⃿ߩ⹜วߦ಴႐ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ਅߩ
⛗ߪ࠴࡚࡞ࠬߩ޽ࠆ৻ᣣࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߘߡߞߣߦࠬ࡞࡚࠴ޕ‬ᣣߪߤࠎߥᣣߛ
ߞߚ߆ᦠ޿ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬
㧔ᢥ┨ࠍᦠߊ೨ߦ߹ߕ㧠ߟߩ⛗ࠍߔߴߡ⷗ߡ߆ࠄߪߓ߼ߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧕
3
ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ߦ޽ߚࠅᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞᗧᕁ⇹ㅢᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ Jeon Dae Seok వ↢‫ޔ‬࿖⺆࿖ᢥቇ
⑼ߩ Hwang Ho Duk వ↢ߩදജࠍᓧߚ‫ޕ‬
81
਄ߩ⺖㗴ߦኻߒߡቇ↢߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ᭴ㅧߢ৻ㅪߩ಴᧪੐ࠍ⺆ࠆ߆ࠍតࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬૞ᢥߩ
ౝኈࠍ㧢ߟߩⷐ⚛ߦಽߌ‫ࠆࠇࠊࠄ޽߇⚛ⷐߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬㗅ᐨߦᓥߞߡਅߩ⴫㧝ߩࠃ߁ߦ
㧡ߟߩဳ㧔ߣߘߩઁ㧕ߦಽ㘃ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬㧡ߟߩဳߪ಴᧪੐߇⿠ߎߞߚ㗅ߦㅀߴࠄࠇࠆᤨ
♽೉ဳߣ‫ᤨࠆ޽ޔ‬ὐ߆ࠄㆊ෰ࠍᝄࠅ㄰ߞߡ಴᧪੐߇ㅀߴࠄࠇࠆ㆚෸ဳ㧔࿃ᨐᓞ㧕ߩ㧞ߟ
ߩ᭴ㅧ࠲ࠗࡊߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆ4‫ޕ‬
⴫㧝 ૞ᢥߩဳߣߘߩ․ᓽ
૞ᢥߩဳ
૞ᢥߩ․ᓽ
㆚෸ㅪ㎮ဳ
<BC:backward-chain>
㆚෸ᷙวဳ
಴᧪੐߇ᤨ㑆ゲࠍ㆚ࠆ㗅ᐨߢㅀߴࠄࠇࠆ
৻ᣣߩ⹏ଔ߇ᦨೋߦㅀߴࠄࠇߚᓟ‫ޔ‬಴᧪੐߇ᤨ♽
<BS:backward-sequence> ೉ߢㅀߴࠄࠇࠆ
಴᧪੐ߩ㗅ᐨ
(S)-4-3-2-1
S-1-2-3-4
㆚෸⋭⇛ဳ
಴᧪੐ߩㅪ㎮ᕈ߇ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ਥੱ౏߇߇ߞ߆ࠅߒߡ޿
4
<BR:backward-reason>
ࠆℂ↱ߣ․ቯߐࠇߚ಴᧪੐ߩߺࠍㅀߴࠆ
S
ᤨ♽೉ㅪ㎮ဳ
<FS:forward-sequence>
಴᧪੐߇ᤨ♽೉ߢㅪ㎮⊛ߦㅀߴࠄࠇࠆ
ᤨ♽೉⋭⇛ဳ
<FR:forward-reason>
ᤨ㑆㗅ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ㅜਛ߇⋭⇛ߐࠇࠆ
಴᧪੐ߩᗵᗐߩߺࠍㅀߴࠆߥߤ‫ᤨޔ‬㑆ゲߩᣇะ߿
ߘߩઁ
⋭⇛ߩ᦭ήߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߢಽ㘃ߢ߈ߥ޿૞ᢥ
1-2-3-4-(S)
1-4, 2-3 ߥߤ
(C)
1-3-4-3 ߥߤ
⴫㧝ߩ[಴᧪੐ߩ㗅ᐨ]ߩᰣߦ޽ࠆᢙሼߪ૞ᢥߦ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚ྾ࠦࡑߩ⛗ߦኻᔕߒ‫ޔ‬಴᧪
੐ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔ‫ޕ‬1 ߪᦨೋߩ಴᧪੐‫ޔ‬4 ߪᦨᓟߩ಴᧪੐ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔ‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬S㧔Summary㧕
ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ৻ᣣߛߞߚ߆ߣ޿߁✚᜝⊛ߥ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬C㧔Comment㧕ߪ⛗ߩ಴᧪੐ߩคㅀ
એᄖߩᗵᗐ߿৻ㅪߩ⛗ߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔ‫ޕ‬
ቇ↢ߦᦠ޿ߡ߽ࠄߞߚᢥ┨ࠍ‫ߣဳߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᾖࠄߒวࠊߖ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ੱቇ↢߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ
⺆ࠅߩ㗅ᐨߢᢥ┨ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߩ߆‫ߩߘޔ‬௑ะߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
4
ᷰㄝ㧔2004㧕ߢߪ྾ࠦࡑẂ↹ࠍ↪޿ߚ૞ᢥታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⺖↱⥄ޟ‬㗴‫᧦ޟߣޠ‬ઙ⺖㗴‫߁޿ߣޠ‬
㧞ߟߩ⺖㗴ࠍ⺖ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ߢߪ‫⺖↱⥄ޟ‬㗴‫ࠍߺߩޠ‬ᛒ߁ߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫᧦ޟ‬ઙ⺖㗴‫ߟߦޠ‬
޿ߡߪᷰㄝ㧔2004㧦26-28㧕ࠍෳᾖߩߎߣ‫ޕ‬
82
⚿ᨐ
૞ᢥታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ਅߩࠣ࡜ࡈ㧝ߩࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޔߪߢߎߎޕ‬ᷰㄝ㧔2004㧕߇ⴕߞߚ
ᣣᧄߣࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩఽ┬ߦኻߔࠆ૞ᢥታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐߣวࠊߖߡឭ␜ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠣ࡜ࡈ㧝 ૞ᢥታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ
⠨ኤ
૞ᢥታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߩᄢቇ↢߇ᢥ┨ࠍᦠߊ㓙ߩ⺆ࠅߩ㗅ᐨ߽ᣣᧄ߿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߣห᭽‫ޔ‬
ᤨ♽೉ㅪ㎮ဳ߇ᦨ߽ᄙߊో૕ߩ⚂ 77㧑߇ߎࠇߦ⹥ᒰߒߚ‫ߩࡈ࡜ࠣޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᒻ߆ࠄ߽
ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ߊߥߪߢࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ߫߃⸒ߣ߆ࠄߜߤޔ‬ᣣᧄߦㄭ޿⺆ࠅߩ᭴ㅧࠍᜬߞߡ޿
ࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㖧࿖ߢ߽ᣣᧄߣߐ߶ߤᄌࠊࠄߥ޿࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ
⢒߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎߎߢ‫߽ᦨޔ‬ഀวߩᄙ߆ߞߚᤨ♽೉ㅪ㎮ဳߩ଀ࠍ⷗ߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬
ᤨ♽೉ㅪ㎮ဳ㧦㧔㧟ᐕ↢࡮ᅚᕈ㧕
㻶㑮⓪ ⁞㣪㧒 㩖⎗ ⓼Ợ(䏶㣪㧒 ㌞⼓)₢㰖 Ợ㧚㦚 䞮ⓦ⧒ ⓼Ợ 㧶✺㠞┺. ⁎
ἆὒ 䏶㣪㧒 㞚䂾㠦 㡞㩫 ₆㌗ 㔲Ṛ⽊┺ ⓼㦖 㔲Ṛ㠦 㧒㠊⋮Ợ ♮㠞┺. 㔲Ṛ㠦
㴩Ỿ 䠞⚻㰖⚻ 䞮┺Ṗ ἆῃ 㟒ῂ ἓ₆Ṗ 㧞⓪ 㧻㏢㠦 Ṗ⓪ ⻚㓺Ṗ 㞚┢ ┺⯎
⻚㓺⯒ 䌖Ợ ♮㠞┺. ἆῃ 㻶㑮⓪ Ṗ㧻 ⥆㠊⋲ ㍶㑮㧚㠦☚ ⁎ ⋶ 㟒ῂ ἓ₆㠦
㿲㧻䞶 㑮 㠜Ợ ♮㠞┺.
83
㧨ᣣᧄ⺆⸶㧪
࠴࡚࡞ࠬߪ‫ޔ‬㊄ᦐᣣߩᄛㆃߊ㧔࿯ᦐᣣߩᷓᄛ㧕߹ߢࠥ࡯ࡓࠍߒߡ޿ߡኢࠆߩ߇ㆃ߆ߞ
ߚ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬࿯ᦐᣣߩᦺߪ੍ቯߩ⿠ᐥᤨ㑆ࠃࠅ߽ㆃ޿ᤨ㑆ߦ⿠߈ߡߒ߹ߞߚ‫ᤨޕ‬㑆
ߦㅊࠊࠇߡ޽ߚ߰ߚߒ‫⚿ޔ‬ዪ‫ޔ‬㊁⃿႐߇޽ࠆ႐ᚲߦⴕߊࡃࠬߢߪߥ޿೎ߩࡃࠬߦਸ਼ߞ
ߡߒ߹ߞߚ‫⚿ޕ‬ዪ‫߽ᦨߪࠬ࡞࡚࠴ޔ‬ఝࠇߚㆬᚻߢߪ޽ߞߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᣣ‫ޔ‬㊁⃿ߩ⹜วߦ
಴ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ታ㛎ߢߪዋᢙߢߪ޽ࠆ߇㆚෸ဳߩ଀߽⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬એਅߦ޽ߍࠆ㧞଀ߪ‫ޔ‬㆚෸ᷙวဳߣ
㆚෸⋭⇛ဳߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㆚෸ᷙวဳ㧦㧔㧝ᐕ↢࡮ᅚᕈ㧕
㻶㑮㠦Ợ ⁎ ⋶㦖 㰖㤆ἶ 㕌㦖 ⋶㧊㠞㔋┞┺. 㻶㑮⓪ 㭧㣪䞲 㟒ῂ 㔲䞿 㩚⋶
⹺㠦 TV Ợ㧚㦚 䞮┺Ṗ 2 㔲⯒ 䤢㹣 ⍮Ỿ 㧶㧊 ✺㠞㔋┞┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ ┺㦢⋶
⓼㧶㦚 㧦㍲ 䠞⚻㰖⚻ 㟒ῂἓ₆㧻㦒⪲ 䟻䟞㔋┞┺. 䞮㰖Ⱒ 䞲 Ⱎ㦢㠦 ⻚㓺⯒
㧮ⴑ 䌖Ợ ♮㠊 㔲䞿㠦 㢚㩚䧞 ⓼Ợ ♮㠞㔋┞┺. ἆῃ 㭒㩚䒂㑮㧊㰖Ⱒ ἓ₆㠦
㰖ṗ㦚 䟞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 Ⱎ㤊✲㠦⓪ 㢂⧒Ṗ⽊㰖☚ ⴑ䞮ἶ 䕖㤦✺㦮 ⑞㽳Ⱒ ⹱㦒Ⳇ
㧦㔶㦚 䌩䟊㟒 䟞㔋┞┺. ⊪㹣䞲 ⋶㧊㠞㔋┞┺.
㧨ᣣᧄ⺆⸶㧪
࠴࡚࡞ࠬߦߣߞߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᣣߪᶖߒߡߒ߹޿ߚ޿ᣣߢߒߚ‫ߪࠬ࡞࡚࠴ޕ‬㊀ⷐߥ㊁⃿ߩ⹜ว
ߩ೨ᣣߩᄛ‫ߡ޿ߡߒࠍࡓ࡯ࠥࡆ࡟࠹ޔ‬㧞ᤨㆊ߉ߦኢ߹ߒߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬ᰴߩᣣ‫ޔ‬ኢဌࠍߒߡ
޽ߚ߰ߚߣ㊁⃿႐߳ߣะ߆޿߹ߒߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ὶࠆᔃߩߖ޿߆ࡃࠬࠍਸ਼ࠅ㑆㆑߃ߡߒ߹
޿‫⹜ޔ‬วߦቢోߦㆃࠇߡߒ߹޿߹ߒߚ‫⚿ޕ‬ዪ‫⹜߽ߡߞ޽ߢ࡯ࡖ࠴࠶ࡇࠬ࡯ࠛޔ‬วߦㆃೞ
ߒ ߚߖ޿ߢࡑ࠙ࡦ࠼ߦ߽਄߇ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߕ‫ߩࠄ߆࠻࡯ࡔࡓ࡯࠴ޔ‬಄ߚ޿ⷞ✢ࠍฃߌߥ
߇ࠄ⥄ಽ⥄りࠍ⽿߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫৻޿ߤ߽߭ߡߣޕ‬ᣣߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㆚෸⋭⇛ဳ㧦㧔㧝ᐕ↢࡮ᅚᕈ㧕
㻶㑮㠦Ủ 㧦㠛㧦✳㦒⪲ 㟒ῂ ἓ₆㠦 ⴑ⋮ṖỢ ♲ ᾦ䤞㩗㧎 ⋶㧊㠞㔋┞┺.
㧨ᣣᧄ⺆⸶㧪
࠴࡚࡞ࠬߦߣߞߡߪ⥄ᬺ⥄ᓧ‫ޔ‬㊁⃿ߩ⹜วߦ಴ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚᢎ⸠ߣߥࠆ৻ᣣߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬
84
એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢙߎߘዋߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ߦࠗ࠮࠶ࠛߩࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬ㄭ޿㆚෸ဳ㧔࿃ᨐᓞ㧕ߩ
ࠃ߁ߥ⺆ࠅߩ㗅ᐨߢᢥ┨ࠍᦠ޿ߚቇ↢߽⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㧟㧚࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏ
ߢߪᰴߦ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߩታᖱࠍ⍮ࠆߚ߼ߦⴕߞߚࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏ
ߦߟ޿ߡ⷗ߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ዏ‫⺞࠻࡯ࠤࡦࠕޔ‬ᩏߪ૞ᢥታ㛎ߩⵍ㛎⠪ߣหߓቇ↢ߦ߅㗿޿ߒ
ߚ‫ߪߢߎߎޔߒߛߚޕ‬㧞ᐕ↢߆ࠄ㧠ᐕ↢ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣ㧝ᐕ↢ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣߦࠊߌߡ⠨ኤ
ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
⺞ᩏᣇᴺߣෳട⠪
ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏߦදജߒߡߊࠇߚቇ↢ߪ‫ޔ‬ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߩቇ↢ 74 ฬ㧔↵ᕈ 26 ฬ‫ޔ‬
ᅚᕈ 48 ฬ㧕ߢ‫ߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬㧞ᐕ↢߆ࠄ㧠ᐕ↢߇ 44 ฬ㧔↵ᕈ 11 ฬ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ 33 ฬ㧕
‫ޔ‬㧝ᐕ↢
߇ 30 ฬ㧔↵ᕈ 15 ฬ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ 15 ฬ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ࠄߦ⾰໧↪⚕ࠍ㈩Ꮣߒ㖧࿖
ߩ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ⾰໧ࠍߒߚ‫ޕ‬ዏ‫ᤨߦ․߽ߢߎߎޔ‬㑆೙㒢ߪ⸳ߌ
ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㧨⾰໧㧝㧪 㰖⁞₢㰖 ⁖㝆₆⯒ ⺆㤊 㩗㧊 㧞㔋┞₢?
㧔੹߹ߢ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߦߟ޿ߡቇࠎߛߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ߆㧫㧕
㧨⾰໧㧞㧪 㠎㩲 ⺆㤶㔋┞₢?G ̪⽋㑮䣢╋Ṗ⓻
㧔޿ߟቇ߮߹ߒߚ߆㧫 ̪ⶄᢙ࿁╵น㧕
㧨⾰໧㧟㧪 㠊⟺ ⁖㝆₆ 㓺䌖㧒㦚 ⺆㤢㔋┞₢?G ̪⽋㑮䣢╋Ṗ⓻
㧔ߤߩࠃ߁ߥဳߩ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍቇ߮߹ߒߚ߆㧫 ̪ⶄᢙ࿁╵น㧕
⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ
ᰴߩ⴫㧞߆ࠄ⴫㧠ߪ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬㧨⾰໧㧝㧪߆ࠄ㧨⾰໧㧞㧪ߦኻߔࠆ࿁╵ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߹ߣ
߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫㧞 㧨⾰໧㧝㧪ߦኻߔࠆ࿁╵
㩷㩷
㪰㪼㫊㩷
㪥㫆㩷
䋲ޯ䋴ᐕ↢㩷
㪊㪊㩷㩿㪎㪌㩼㪀㩷
㪈㪈㩷㩿㪉㪌㩼㪀㩷
䋱ᐕ↢㩷
㪉㪋㩷㩿㪏㪇㩼㪀㩷
㪍㩷㩿㪉㪇㩼㪀㩷
85
㧨⾰໧㧝㧪ߦኻߔࠆ࿁╵ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ቇᐕߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ߘࠃ߅߅ޔ‬㧣ഀ߆ࠄ㧤ഀߩቇ↢߇
ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ㧔ዊቇᩞ‫ޔ‬ਛቇᩞ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ቇᩞ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߢ㧕૗ࠄ߆ߩ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒
ࠍฃߌߡ߈ߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫㧟 㧨⾰໧㧞㧪ߦኻߔࠆ࿁╵
㩷㩷
ᄢቇ㩷
㜞╬ቇᩞ㩷
ਛቇᩞ㩷
ዊቇᩞ㩷
䋲ޯ䋴ᐕ↢㩷
㪈㪈㩷
㪉㪋㩷
㪎㩷
㪎㩷
䋱ᐕ↢㩷
㪇㩷
㪉㪇㩷
㪊㩷
㪈㩷
㧨⾰໧㧞㧪ߦኻߔࠆ࿁╵߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߢߪਥߦ㜞╬ቇᩞߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ὐ⊛ߦ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ
ᢎ⢒߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧞ޯ㧠ᐕ↢ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇ዊቇᩞ߿ਛቇᩞߢ
߽૗ࠄ߆ߩ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߡ߈ߚቇ↢߇Ყセ⊛ᄙ޿ߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬㧝ᐕ↢ߩࠣ࡞
࡯ࡊߪዊቇᩞ߿ਛቇᩞߢ߶ߣࠎߤ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ὐߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢᄌ⥝
๧ᷓ޿௑ะߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫㧠 㧨⾰໧㧟㧪ߦኻߔࠆ࿁╵
䎃䎃
ᗵᗐᢥ
䉣䉾䉶䉟㩷
ᣣ⸥㩷
⺰ᢥ㩷
ᚻ⚕㩷
䊧䊘䊷䊃
⹞㩷
‛⺆㩷
䈠䈱ઁ
㪏㩷
㪈㪇㩷
㪉㩷
㪌㩷
㪈㩷
㪎㩷
㪍㩷
㪉㩷
㪈㪌㩷
㪉㩷
㪏㩷
㪉㩷
㪌㩷
㪉㩷
㪋㩷
㪇㩷
㪇㩷
㪈㪌㩷
䋲ޯ䋴ᐕ↢㩷 㩷
䋨㪊㪊 ฬ䋩㩷
䋱ᐕ↢㩷 㩷
䋨㪉㪋 ฬ䋩㩷
㧨⾰໧㧟㧪ߦኻߔࠆ࿁╵ߢ⥝๧ᷓ޿ߩߪ‫ޔ‬㧞ޯ㧠ᐕ↢ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦᲧߴߡ㧝ᐕ↢ߩࠣ
࡞࡯ࡊߢ[ᗵᗐᢥ]ߦߟ޿ߡቇࠎߛቇ↢߇ዋߥ޿ߣ޿߁ὐ‫ࠄ߆ࠇߘޔ‬㧝ᐕ↢ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ
ߪ[⹞]‫ߩ]⺆‛[ޔ‬㗄⋡߇㧜ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆὐߢ޽ࠆ‫⚿ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᨐ߆ࠄផ᷹ߔࠆߣ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬
㖧࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩᄌൻ߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬
ߘߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⺞ᩏ߇߹ߛ߹ߛਇචಽߢ޽ࠅ߹ߚ࠺࡯࠲߽ዋߥ޿ߚ߼‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߐࠄߦ
ㅊ〔⺞ᩏࠍⴕ޿㖧࿖ߩᢎ⢒೙ᐲ߽฽߼‫ߩߘޔ‬േะࠍᘕ㊀ߦಽᨆߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߜߥߺߦ‫ޔ‬㧞ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣ߽ߦᦨ߽ᢙ୯ߩ㜞߆ߞߚ[ߘߩઁ]ߩ㗄⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇฃ㛎ߩ
ߚ߼ߩ⺰ㅀኻ╷㧔╵߃ߩᦠ߈ᣇ㧕ߣߒߡ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍቇࠎߛߣ޿߁ቇ↢߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ
޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
86
㧠㧚ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒
ᦨᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁ߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁
2011 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 11 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞᗧᕁ⇹ㅢᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ Jeon Dae Seok వ↢ߦᚑ
ဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߢߩ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡ⚂ 30 ಽ㑆ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬
Jeon వ↢ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߢ߽ᕆㅦߦࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻ߇ㅴߺ਎⇇ߢᵴべߢ߈ࠆੱ
᧚ߩ㙃ᚑ߇ᕆോߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫৻ߩߘޔ‬ᣇߢ‫⧯ޔ‬⠪ߩᵴሼ㔌ࠇ߽ㅴߺᄢቇ↢߇߹ߣ߽ߥ
ᢥ┨ࠍᦠߌߥ޿ߣ޿߁੐ᘒ߽⿠ߎߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫␠ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ળ⊛⢛᥊߽޽
ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߢߪ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩ᝼ᬺࠍ㧝ᐕᤨߩోቇᔅୃ⑼⋡㧔ၮ␆⺖⒟㧕ߣߒ
ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬㧞ᐕᤨએ㒠ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㧔㜞⚖⺖⒟㧕ߣߒߡࠃࠅ⾰ߩ㜞޿࡟ࡐ࡯࠻‫ޔ‬
ቇⴚ⺰ᢥࠍᦠߊߚ߼ߩ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩ᝼ᬺ߇㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
એਅ‫ޔ‬ෳ⠨ߣߒߡᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㑐ㅪߩᢎ⑼⋡ฬߣߘߩ
᭎ⷐࠍ޽ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ޣ‬ၮ␆⺖⒟‫ޤ‬
ᢎ⑼⋡ฬ㧦⁖㝆₆㦮 ₆㽞㢖 㔺㩲 㧔࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩၮ␆ߣታ㓙㧕
᭎ⷐ㧦ᄢቇ↢ߩ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ⢻ജߪోߡߩቇ໧㗔ၞߩቇ⠌ߣ⎇ⓥㆀⴕߩၮߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⍮
⼂ᖱႎൻ␠ળ߇ⷐ᳞ߔࠆၮ␆⢻ജߩ㙃ᚑߪᔅ㗇ߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡᛕ್⊛ᕁ⠨ߣ
ഃㅧ⊛⴫⃻⢻ജࠍ㙃޿‫␠ޔ‬ળ↢ᵴో⥸ߦᔅⷐߥಽᨆജ‫ޔ‬໧㗴⸃᳿ജ‫࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔ‬
ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജࠍ஻߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠗ࡜ޔߪ⋡⑼ߩߎޕ‬ၮ␆ࠍᲑ㓏
⊛ߦቇ⠌ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍታ㓙ߦቇ߱ߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩߺߥࠄߕ␠ળߦ
಴ߡ߆ࠄ߽ߎࠇࠍᵴ↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ޣ‬㜞⚖⺖⒟‫ޤ‬
ᢎ⑼⋡ฬ㧦䞯㑶㩗 ⁖㝆₆ 㧔ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㧕
᭎ⷐ㧦ᄢቇߢቇⴚ⊛ߥᵴേࠍⴕ߁‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᄖߢᬺോᵴേࠍߔࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ⺰⸽
⊛ᕁ⠨⢻ജߣߎࠇࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆ⺰⸽⊛ߥ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ⢻ജࠍ㙃߁‫ޕ‬ታ⠌ࠍㅢߓߡ
૕♽⊛ߦቇ߱‫ޕ‬
᝼ᬺ⷗ቇ
2011 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 23 ᣣ㧔15:00ޯ16:15㧕‫ޔ‬㜞⚖⺖⒟ߩㆬᛯ⑼⋡‫ޟ‬䞯㑶㩗 ⁖㝆₆㧔ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ
࠶ࠢ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㧕
‫ߩޠ‬᝼ᬺࠍ⷗ቇߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᜂᒰ⻠Ꮷߪ Park Jeong Ha వ↢‫ޔ‬ฃ⻠ੱᢙߪ
87
30 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߪ⻠⟵ᒻᑼߢⴕࠊࠇ‫ᤨߩߎޕߚ޿ߡࠇߐ↪૶߇࠻ࡦࠗࡐ࡯ࡢࡄޔ‬
ߩ᝼ᬺ࠹࡯ࡑߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᢥ┨ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ⢻ജ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ᢥ┨ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߥၮḰߢ
⹏ଔߔࠇ߫⦟޿ߩ߆‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ㅒߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥၮḰߢ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߟ޿
ߡ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ⷰߥޘ‬ὐ߆ࠄߘߩၮḰߩ⹦⚦߇ᢛℂߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺߩ㑆‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ࠄ߇৻ੱ߽ዬ⌁
ࠅߔࠆߎߣߥߊ⌀೶ߥ⌒Ꮕߒߢ⻠⟵ࠍ⡬޿ߡ޿ߚߩ߇ශ⽎⊛ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㧡㧚⚿߮
એ਄‫ޔ‬ᚑဋ㙚ᄢቇᩞߢⴕߞߚ૞ᢥታ㛎߅ࠃ߮⺞ᩏߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⃻࿷‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߢߪᄙߊߩᄢቇ߇࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߦജࠍ౉ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ߫ࠇߔߊࠄ߫ߒޔ‬
ߘߩᚑᨐ߇޽ࠄࠊࠇߡߊࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㓞࿖ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣߒߡ㖧࿖ߩᢎ⢒
ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᄌൻߦߪ੹ᓟ߽ᵈ⋡ߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߢߪ߹ߛ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒㧔․ߦᣣᧄ⺆ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㧕
ߩၮ⋚߇⏕┙ߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߦߥߞߡࠃ߁߿ߊ⎇ⓥ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣ޿
߁Ბ㓏ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊቇᩞ‫ޔ‬ਛቇᩞ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ቇᩞߩ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡ߽࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᢎ⢒ߦߟ
޿ߡߪᓥ᧪ߩ૞ᢥᜰዉߣߘࠇ߶ߤᄌࠊࠅߪߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ߇ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻߩᵹࠇߦข
ࠅᱷߐࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁‫ࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠗ࡜ޔ‬ᜰዉߩߢ߈ࠆᢎຬ㙃ᚑࠍ฽߼ᣣᧄ⺆࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩᢎ
⢒ၮ⋚ࠍᢛ஻ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇༛✕ߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
㐷ୖᱜ⟤࡮╴੗ᵗ৻࡮ਃቛ๺ሶ(✬)㧔2006㧕‫ߩ࠭࡯࠾ࡄࡖࠫ࡮ࠢ࠶ࡒ࠺ࠞࠕޡ‬᜸ᚢ‫߭ޢ‬
ߟߓᦠᚱ㧚
૒⮮ᦸ࡮ḡᎹᱞ࡮ᮮጊජ᥏࡮ㄭ⮮᣿ᒾ㧔2006㧕‫̆ ࠭࡞ࠠࠬ࡮ࠢ࠶ࡒ࠺ࠞࠕޡ‬ᄢቇ↢ߩ
ߚ߼ߩ⍮⊛ᛛᴺ౉㐷̆‫ޢ‬ᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ಴ ળ㧚
ᷰㄝ㓷ሶ㧔2004㧕‫⚊ޡ‬ᓧߩ᭴ㅧ ̆ᣣ☨ೋ╬ᢎ⢒ߦ⷗ࠆᕁ⠨⴫⃻ߩࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞̆‫᧲ޢ‬ᵗ㙚
಴ ␠㧚
ₖἓ䤺࡮ₖ㎇㑮䯂⹫㰚㑯䯂ῂ㧦䢿䯂⹫㨂㡆䯂⹫䟊⋾䯂㡺ὧ⁒䯂㥷⹒㑮䯂㩫䧂㺓䯂㾲㰚䡫
㧔2006㧕‫ޡ‬㺓㫆㩗 ㌂ἶ Ṳ㎇㩗 ⁖㝆₆㧔ഃㅧ⊛ᕁ⠨ߣ୘ᕈ⊛࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㧕‫ޢ‬㎇‶
ὖ╖䞯ᾦ㿲䕦⿖୊
㏦☯䡚࡮㤦Ⱒ䧂䯂⹫㩫䞮䯂⺆㔳䞲䯂⹫㌗䌲䯂㧊㔏䧂䯂㧊㰖㡗㧔2005㧕‫ޡ‬䞯㑶㩗 ⁖㝆₆
㧔ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㧕‫ޢ‬㎇‶ὖ╖䞯ᾦ㿲䕦⿖୊
Kaplan, Robert B.㧔1966㧕Cultural thought patterns in inter-cultural education.
Language Learning 16, pp.1-20.
88
第３期 ITPアジアプログラム派遣者報告会
৯ ઃ
2011年7月30日（土）13:00∼17:00
＠神戸大学大学院人文学研究科 学生ホール
ITP短期派遣報告
„ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅपणःथ
„஻বदभણ৿৔ઍ
„,&3/-दभઠ୍৅਀‫ٯق‬१থইছথ३५॥ପয়প৾‫ك‬
„॔ढ़ॹ঑ॵॡছॖॸॕথॢपঢ়घॊ৹ਪ
„ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅदभ౸঵ৄ৾
„০৏भୖ਻
કিາ୙‫ق‬যધ৾ଢ଼஢ఐଢ଼஢৩‫ك‬
ୣാ੔‫؟‬஻ব‫؞‬ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅ
ୣാ਋৑‫؟‬ফা঩‫ع‬া঩
ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅपणःथ
஻বदभણ৿৔ઍ
‫؝ڭ‬ୣാ੹েभ੐଑
९क़ঝपँॊ1946ফपਝ઼औोञஎয়প৾
‫ق‬1398ফपਝয়औोञફ௉௝ફभਈৈઇ୘ਃঢ়ऋಟ৬‫ك‬
‫৾؝ڮ‬ভषभ૞ਸ
‫؝گ‬৹ਪ⋇‫ڰق‬॥ঐၟ઺‫ك‬
९क़ঝय़কথঃ५‫؟‬ધ௺
਷ਉय़কথঃ५‫؟‬৶௺
‫؝ڰ‬৹ਪ⋈‫ق‬஻বपउऐॊ੿ધઇ୘‫ك‬
‫؝ڱ‬౸঵ৄ৾
,&3/-‫ق‬ਸ਼‫ڳ‬৚঩মୁৰ৷੉ୁ৾ব੠৾ভ‫ك‬
৹ ਪ
ৌ଴‫؟‬ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅभ৾ে
঩ৎ‫؟‬2011ফ 3া 5‫ع‬6঩
‫ڰعڮ‬ফে‫؟‬বୁবધ৾ఐभ৾ে
ৃਚ‫؟‬१থইছথ३५॥ପয়প৾
44੡‫ق‬੬11 ੓33‫ك‬
‫ڭ‬ফে‫؟‬৸৾૑ఊఐ৯َ⁖㝆₆㦮 ₆㽞㢖 㔺㩲ُਭ൥ে
਻৯‫؟‬
َਭ৿ଙ‫؞‬ಗষଙभੳੴঔॹঝध
जभ੉ୁઇ୘षभૢ৷पणःथُ
30੡‫ق‬੬15 ੓15‫ك‬
়ੑ 74 ੡
89
৹ਪ⋇‫ڰق‬॥ঐၟ઺‫ك‬
৹ਪ⋇‫ڰق‬॥ঐၟ઺‫ك‬
লਟহभದ୞
੿ધभॱॖউ
⍮఺৴ำ஑
㻨㻮㻯㻦㼎㼍㼏㼗㼣㼍㼞㼐㻙㼏㼔㼍㼕㼚㻪
㻶㑮⓪ 㭧䞯㌳㧛┞┺. TVỢ㧚㧊⧧ 㟒ῂ⯒ 㩫Ⱖ 㫡㞚䞿┞┺. 㻶㑮⓪
㟒ῂ䕖㠦㍲ 㩲㧒 㧮䞮⓪ 䒂㑮㡂㍲ ⰺ㭒 䏶㣪㧒 㞚䂾 㟒ῂ ἓ₆㠦
㿲㧻䞿┞┺. 㞚⧮㦮 ῂⰒ㦖 㻶㑮㦮 㠊ⓦ 䞮⬾⯒ ⋮䌖⌊ἶ 㧞㔋┞┺.
㻶㑮㠦Ợ⓪ ⁎ ⋶㦖 㠊⟺ ⋶㧊㠞⓪㰖 㝆㕃㔲㡺.
(ⶎ㧻㦚 Ⱒ✺₆㩚㠦 Ⲓ㩖 4Ṗ㰖
Ṗ㰖 ⁎Ⱂ㦚
Ⱂ㦚 ┺ ⽎ 䤚㠦 㔲㧧䟊㭒㕃㔲
㔲㧧䟊㭒㕃㔲㡺.))
㻔㻿㻕㻙㻠㻙㻟㻙㻞㻙㻝
⍮఺೴়஑
㻨㻮㻿㻦㼎㼍㼏㼗㼣㼍㼞㼐 㼟㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㻪
㻨㻮㻿㻦㼎㼍㼏㼗㼣㼍㼞㼐㻙㼟㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㻪
⍮఺੄റ஑
㻨㻮㻾㻦㼎㼍㼏㼗㼣㼍㼞㼐㻙㼞㼑㼍㼟㼛㼚㻪
ৎ௺ഔ৴ำ஑
㻨㻲㻿㻦㼒㼛㼞㼣㼍㼞㼐㻙㼟㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㻪
ৎ௺ഔ੄റ஑
㻨㻲㻾㻦㼒㼛㼞㼣㼍㼞㼐㻙㼞㼑㼍㼟㼛㼚㻪
जभ౎
㻿㻙㻝㻙㻞㻙㻟㻙㻠
㻠
㻿
S: Summary
঳঩भ௬੼॑ऽधी
थ਀खञધ
㻝㻙㻞㻙㻟㻙㻠㻙㻔㻿㻕
㻝㻙㻠
㻞㻙㻟ऩन
㻔㻯㻕
㻝㻙㻟㻙㻠㻙㻟ऩन
C: Comment
૎୳ृ॥ওথॺऩन
฻धୖ਻भହ৥ધਰ
ਗभহ෧पणःथછ
ऊोञધ
ͤநఈ෎৕‫ق‬2004‫ِك‬ವ੭भଡୗّ॑૞ස‫؛‬
৹ਪ⋇‫ڰق‬॥ঐၟ઺‫ك‬
৹ਪ⋇‫ڰق‬॥ঐၟ઺‫ك‬
100٫
॥ওথॺृ૎୳भॱॖউ
৪ব
঩ম
஻ব
80٫
‫ୁق‬ॉ॑ॎऊॉृघऎ൙भৢढञुभपघॊ়৶৲‫؞‬
૛৶৲भ૥ाम঺ভॢঝ‫ش‬উओधपథ஑৓ऩ્ඉऋँॊ‫ك‬
60٫
‫ٳ‬૎ੲ৓௬੼
‫ٳ‬ૠ෇‫੊؞‬೉৓௬੼
‫ٳ‬౤ટ৓ଓଌ
‫ٳ‬எৄ‫॔؞‬४ख़থॲ
40٫
20٫
0٫
BC
BS
BR
FS
FR
‫ق‬ĸ঩ম੗ः‫ك‬
‫ق‬ĸ৪ব੗ः‫ك‬
जभ౎
৹ਪ⋈‫ق‬஻বपउऐॊ੿ધઇ୘‫ك‬
৹ਪ⋈‫ق‬஻বपउऐॊ੿ધઇ୘‫ك‬
Q‫؟گ‬न॒ऩऒध॑৾लऽखञऊ‫ق؛‬ളਯ৚௦૭‫ك‬
Q‫؟ڭ‬০ऽदছॖॸॕথॢ॒॑৾टऒधऋँॉऽघऊ‫؛‬
‫ڰعڮ‬ফে
Yes
No
33੡‫ق‬75٫‫ ك‬11੡‫ق‬25%‫ك‬
‫ڭ‬ফে
ফে
24੡‫ق‬80٫‫ ك‬6੡‫ق‬20٫‫ك‬
Q‫؟ڮ‬ःण৾लऽखञऊ‫ق؛‬ളਯ৚௦૭‫ك‬
প৾
ৈૅ
র৾
৵৾
‫ڰعڮ‬ফে
11
24
7
7
‫ڭ‬ফে
0
20
3
1
90
૎୳ધ
ग़ॵ७ॖ
঩੶
૛ધ
ু౛
ঞএ‫ॺش‬
ྙ
੟ୁ
जभ౎
‫ڰعڮ‬ফে
‫ق‬㻟㻟੡‫ك‬
㻤
㻝㻜
㻞
㻡
㻝
㻣
㻢
㻞
㻝㻡
‫ڭ‬ফে
‫ق‬㻞㻠੡‫ك‬
㻞
㻤
㻞
㻡
㻞
㻠
㻜
㻜
㻝㻡
ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅपउऐॊছॖॸॕথॢઇ୘
ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅपउऐॊছॖॸॕথॢઇ୘
੦ຊୖங‫⁖َ؟‬㝆₆㦮 ₆㽞㢖 㔺㩲ُ
‫ڭ‬৖‫؟‬ছॖॸॕথॢभ੦ຊ
‫؝ڭ‬ছॖॸॕথॢभ৶ੰ
‫؝ڮ‬ધฆभૠ৒धਫखः਀੶
‫؝گ‬ਫखःધฆभછऌ্
‫؝ڰ‬ছॖॸॕথॢभুਢऌ
૛ધ఺लঞএ ॺ ੿ਛ১
‫؝ڱ‬૛ધ఺लঞএ‫ॺش‬भ੿ਛ১
প৾েभছॖॸॕথॢચৡम৸थभ৾ਖ୩ୠभ৾ಆधଢ଼஢
ຄষभ੦दँॉ‫ؚ‬ੴ௙ੲਾ৲঺ভऋਏ੷घॊ੦ຊચৡभു
ਛम૑೼धऔोॊ‫؛‬జढथಪਖ਼৓ઓઅध൉ୗ৓਀ਠચৡ॑
ുः‫঺ؚ‬ভেણ৸ಹप૑ਏऩীෲৡ‫ؚ‬ਖ਻ੰৠৡ‫ؚ‬॥঑গ
ॽॣ‫ش‬३ঙথચৡ॑૟इॊ૑ਏऋँॊ‫؛‬ऒभఐ৯म‫ؚ‬ছॖ
ॸॕথॢभ੦ຊ॑஺మ৓प৾ಆख‫ؚ‬੗஘ऩছॖॸॕথॢ॑
ৰ੠प৾वऒधद‫ؚ‬প৾भाऩैङ঺ভपলथऊैुऒो
॑ણ৷दऌॊेअपघॊ‫؛‬
य़঒‫؞‬ॠঙথইज़থ(౎)෩
ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅলග৖‫؜‬2006ফ
ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅपउऐॊছॖॸॕথॢઇ୘
‫ڮ‬৖‫؟‬ছॖॸॕথॢभৰ੠
‫؝ڭ‬ঽীपणःथછऎ
‫؝ڮ‬ৰ৷৓पછऎ
‫؝گ‬ಪਖ਼৓पછऎ
‫଻؝ڰ‬ਙ৓पછऎ
‫؝ڱ‬൉ୗ৓पછऎ
ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅपउऐॊছॖॸॕথॢઇ୘
‫ڭ‬৖‫؟‬ছॖॸॕথॢधઓઅ
‫؝ڭ‬ಪਖ਼৓ઓઅधছॖॸॕথॢ
‫୒৾؝ڮ‬৓ऩছॖॸॕথॢभਙત
ৈ௻ୖங‫َ؟‬䞯㑶㩗 ⁖㝆₆ُ
প৾द৾୒৓ऩણ৿॑ষअ‫ؚ‬প৾ਗद঵ਜણ৿॑
घॊञीप૑ਏधऔोॊ૛઒৓ઓઅચৡधऒो॑
਀ਠघॊ૛઒৓ऩছॖॸॕথॢચৡ॑ുअ‫؛‬ৰಆ
॑ৢगथ৬௺৓प৾व‫؛‬
‫ڮ‬৖‫؟‬஺మશছॖॸॕথॢউটॢছ঒
‫؝ڭ‬஺మ৓ছॖॸॕথॢभ੦মଡୗध৯ఏ
‫؝ڮ‬ਏ৺
‫؝گ‬૛௬
‫୒৾؝ڰ‬ग़ॵ७ॖ
‫୒৾؝ڱ‬ग़ॵ७ॖभৰଙ
९থ‫ॻ؞‬থ঄ঙথ(౎)෩
ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅলග৖‫؜‬2005ফ
‫گ‬৖‫؟‬ਾઔછध৾୒૛ધ੿ਛ১
‫؝ڭ‬ਾઔછभரథध੿ਛ১
‫୒৾؝ڮ‬૛ધभ஄ૄध੿ਛ১
০৏भୖ਻
ਛ಑ைপ৾ૅपउऐॊছॖॸॕথॢઇ୘
౸঵ৄ৾
‫؞‬஻বभઇ୘਑২ಉ॑౷ऽइथગ৹ਪ
঩ৎ‫ ؟‬2011ফ3া23঩ 15:00‫ع‬16:15
൥ప‫ ؟‬ঃॡ‫؞‬४ঙথঁ
৾েਯ
৾েਯ‫؟‬30੡
੡
‫؞‬୯඄৹ਪधছॖॸॕথॢઇ୘भਛટ
ͤ ൥ଝ‫ؚ‬PPT॑ઞ৷
‫؞‬঩মभছॖॸॕথॢઇ୘पঢ়घॊ৹ਪ
ٛ൥ଝ৔ઍٜ
َਏ৺ध૛௬‫؟‬ীෲ৓प৶ੰघॊ‫ؚ‬ಪਖ਼৓प௬੼घॊُ
91
ITP ➨஧ᮇḢ⡿䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮
US-Taiwan relations in the mid 1950s and the Influence of Think Tank
within the Policy making
ᅄ᪉㻌 ಇ♸䠄ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ䠅
ὴ㐵ඛ䠖䝽䝅䞁䝖䞁኱Ꮫ 䠄⡿ᅜ䠅
Introduction
I was sent to the University of Washington through International Training
Program of Kobe University between January 13 and March 3, 2011. At UW, I
attended some forums and colloquia of China Studies by permission of Professor
David Bachman of Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies.
Jackson School has its origin in the Department of Oriental Subjects about a
hundred years ago. It was in the end of 1930s, when Professor George E. Taylor
headed there that the Department made a great leap forward. Although the center
of China Studies was east coast scholarly establishment, Cambridge- New YorkWashington area at that time, Taylor took full advantage of the strategic position
of Seattle and endeavored to organize the Department for research and education
of Far Eastern problems with encouragement from his friends, Owen Lattimore
and John K. Fairbank. He re-formed the Department and changed its name to the
Department of the Far Eastern Studies to built good relations with the
Departments of Political Science, History, and Economics. He introduced Japanese
Studies program actively. During the Second World War, Taylor was appointed in
the position of Principal Directive Writer in the Overseas Branch of the Office of
War Information, while he spearheaded an Army Specialized Training Program
designed to prepare Army enlisted men to take up service in military governments
in occupied area in the Far East and extended to civilian student in 1944. In
post-war period, he reorganized the faculty to change its name tothe Department
of Far Eastern and Slavic Languages and Literature, beginning building the Far
Eastern Library receiving funding of Rockefeller Foundation. In that period, the
Carnegie Foundation and the Ford Foundation started providing large funding to
some universities. Taylor came to realize the establishment of a first-rate center of
interdisciplinary studies until the end of 1950s. This realization resulted from
particularly larger engagement of federal government in the academic education
under the National Defense Education Act of 1959. In 1960s, Taylor was retired,
and the Department was reconstructed under funding of the Ford Foundation, the
Department of Far Eastern and Slavic Languages and Literature be divided into
two new departments in 1968. The Institute for Comparative and Foreign Area
Studies was founded in 1970s, receiving a grant of $1 million from the Japanese
government, which permitted the establishment in 1974 of the Journal of
92
Japanese Studies. The school of the international studies, which Taylor had
advocated before his retirement, was founded with support of Senator Henry M.
Jackson in1978. The name was changed to Henry M. Jackson School of
International Studies in 1983 to honor Senator Jackson’s contribution.
Furthermore, The Mellon Foundation provided endowment funds for further
developing East Asian studies. In 1987, for example, $1.2 million was donated to
the School’s Japan Program.
I often went to the East Asia Library at the University of Washington to research
on the papers of Overseas Chinese. At the library, I owned many obligations to two
librarians, Ms. Yokota and Mr. Michael Shen direct and indirect. According to Ms.
Yokota’s explanations, the official beginning of the Library can traced back to 1937,
when the library received the first funding from the Rockefeller Foundation to
purchase a small collection of Chinese literary works. With the establishment of
The Far Eastern Institute in 1946, the some collections became the Far Eastern
Library. In the late of 1940s, the library acquired Japanese collection and a small
number of Korean titles assembled during World War II for U.S. Army teaching
purposes formed the beginning of the Korean collection. She told that the library
had been the first institution outside the Republic of China to acquire the
Twenty-Five Dynastic Histories database and the first academic library in North
America to establish a direct connection to the NACSIS-IR service in Japan.
When I talked about my research theme with Mr. Shen of EAL, He gave me a
piece of advice on how to search for the materials. He added that there had been
Area Studies starting in 1950s and at University of Washington Professor George
E. Taylor had initiated the Study of Far East Area with support of some private
foundations. In East Asian Library there were a lot of interesting historical
publications and handouts, which had been collected for the Area Researching at
that time. One of them was the quarterly journal, ’Orbis’ by what we call think
tank, Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI). I had seen some archival records
on the US policy toward Taiwan and happened to find some reports of FPRI and
CFR circulated in the US government. After Mr. Shen’s explanation, I got
intrigued to examine to what extent those organizations called think tanks have
the impact on the US Taiwan policy within the Eisenhower Administration in mid
-1950s.
Think tank and China problem in US
Think tank is a research organization which advises and offers many
recommendations to the government on a specific political issue. It is a nonprofit
corporation which has membership system and often includes not only the
93
scholars of Universities but former government officials and business leaders.
Basically it never receives the financial support from government and sells its
publications or gets some endowments. Most of think tanks in US were
established after the First World War. Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is the
well-known think tank, which has sometimes the influence on the US politics. It
publishes the periodical Foreign Affairs, to which some articles are contributed by
leading figures from various quarters1.
In the middle of 1950s, when the Brookings institution still concentrated on
economic policy, AEI was still mainly a business lobbying group, and Center for
Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the Heritage Foundation had yet
to be organized, most foreign policy think tanks (except for CFR) were associated
with major universities, e.g. Hoover Institution at Stanford University, the
Mershon Center at Ohio State, the Center for International Affairs at Harvard,
and a few years later, CSIS at Georgetown. FPRI also belonged to the University of
Pennsylvania. These independent think tanks always came to conflict with their
host universities and some of their relations broke apart in 1960s. FPRI and the
UPenn were no exception in these regards. But relations between them were
relatively favorable at the outset.
FPRI was founded in 1955 by Robert Strausz-Hupé. He was born in 1903 in
Vienna, capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father’s family, the
Strauszes were-to-do Hungarian Jews in the grain business and his mother
belonged to the Hopés, who connected descendents of prominent Huguenots
(Protestant). His parents’ marriage made them to break off the Jewish union, and
Austro-Hungarian Empire has crashed down at the end of the Great War. He first
came to the United States in 1923 to find a job. Having a run of good luck and good
times, he moved up to the position of doing what we would call today “Political risk
analysts” to evaluate the worth of European bonds. He earned enough money from
his first job to return to Europe and to travel and comprehend all over Europe in
the late 1920s and 1930s. His marriage to Eleanor Cuyler Walker from a
prominent Philadelphia Mainline family had him move to Philadelphia and
advance his career at the University of Pennsylvania. Thanks to his wife, Eleanor,
he got acquainted with some future prominent economic and political elites, such
as Dean Acheson, James Forrestal. After earning the Ph.D. in 1946, he stayed on
at UPenn with an appointment in the political science department. A decade later,
1
For example, about some member of CFR, who had a great influence on the US
occupation policy toward Japan after the Second World War, see Makoto Iokibe,
Beikoku no Nihon Senryou Seisaku: Sengo Nihon No Sekkeizu (two volumes),
(Chuokoronsha, 1985), especially chapter five.
94
He convinced his colleagues, the university and the Smith Richardson Foundation
to support his own research institute, FPRI and the Institute continues hitherto2.
Strausz-Hupé did not only gather together a group of colleagues and collaborators,
but create the position of FPRI associate, who included some of the greater
International Relations Scholars of the time; Hans Kohn, William Y Elliot, Henry
Kissinger, and James Schlesinger.
With abundant funds of the Mellon Foundation, FPRI launched a new quarterly
journal, Orbis, in 1957. And that soon seemed to be, along with Foreign Affairs,
the leading journal in the field.
On the top of the first issue, Strausz-Hupé expressed what he thought the global
situation is like3.
He regarded the history of the interwar period as a series of conflicts of ‘federative
power’. Though Germany and Japan dishonored the term federation by baseness
of motive and monstrosity of conduct, their functional conceptions were in
complete harmony with the historic necessity. The defeat of Germany and Japan
and the decline of Britain and France did not only indicate the epoch of the nation
state as a viable unit of world politics but also allowed the rise of the United States
and the Soviet Union to gain the federative power. The United States became
uniquely fitted for leadership in global unification, so did the Soviets. Therefore,
the duel between the both resolved itself, in the long run, into a contest between
two social systems. In this contest, the United States would be bound to win, for its
social system suits not only the American people but all over the world including
those of the Soviet Union. Strausz-Hupé didn’t have a unique point of view. Rather,
his opinion seemed to be very akin to that of Hans Kohn’s “American
Nationalism”4. At least, the academic circles in the FPRI possibly had shared the
common sense about world affairs of that time. I was interested in the some
articles of the early numbers because they included the topics of my research.
Those articles had the matters which called our attention to the powers of India,
China, and Japan in Asian area due to changes in the international environments5.
The article gave the standpoint as follows; there is approximately half the world
population in Asia and over three quarters of this half inhabits India, China, and
Japan. The relative power status of three countries in terms of armed strength
see in detail, Harvey Sicheman, ‘Robert Strausz-Hupé: His Life and Times’,
FPRI Orbis (Spring 2003) p195-216.
3 Robert Strausz-Hupé, ‘the Balance of Tomorrow’, FPRI of University of
Pennsylvania, Orbis, vol.1 no.1 (April 1957), p10-27.
4 Hans Kohn, American Nationalism, (New York, 1957) especially see in chapter
four.
5 G. F. Hudson, ‘India, China and Japan: the Emerging Balance in Asia,’ FPRI,
Orbis, vol.1 no.4 winter 1958, p474-88.
2
95
corresponds to populations ratios. Japan is the third, yet remains the most
advanced of the three industrially. China, the most powerful, is under the
communist control. The task of Western powers in the Far East is to maintain the
deterrent to Chinese communist forward policies by American defensive pact with
Japan, and other countries. Moreover, the main function of the West is to offer
economic help to Asian countries in need of it.
As a matter of fact, this periodical was sold for the public since 1957. Before
publishing the periodical, the Foreign Policy Research Institute devised the
important policy recommendations to the Eisenhower Administration and those
recommendations was similar in a number of aspects to the essay in the
periodicals. It is not known exactly why those recommendations were circulated in
the US government at present. The policy-making circles in Eisenhower
administration probably welcomed the proposals from the experts of CFR or other
Universities given that they received many reports on Soviet Russia, the People’s
Republic of China, and Southeast Asia. Here are some recommendations
summarized.
At first, in July 1955 there was a report titled ‘“which Chinese?” Diplomatic
Recognition and Official Representation’ by Stanley K. Hornbeck, who was a
prominent State Department officials during the Second World War and bitterly
anti-communist during the Cold War6. In his report, he insisted that China’s
“National Government” has politically, legally, and morally qualified for
continuances of United State’s diplomatic recognition and continuance of its
occupation of China’s seats in the United Nations, whereas China’s “Central
People’s Government” was a creation and an instrument of world Communist
program of conquest. As for Hornbeck, the safest and soundest course for the
United States to pursue at that time is to stand by the existing US commitments
and, doing so, ask of the communist governments which called on US government
to enter into new agreements that they first demonstrated that they were able and
willing to honor the commitments.
It is not clear why he had put forward the report. But he seemed to be concerned
that People’s Republic of China (PRC) had been enhancing its influence in the
international scene after the first Taiwan Strait Crisis (September 1954- February
1955) and Bandung Conference (April 1955) and complained about the rumor that
the US government might have adopted the ‘two China policy’ recognizing de
facto in fact the PRC.
‘Which Chinese?’ by Stanley K. Hornbeck, no dated (Jul 1955?), in Records of the
Office of Chinese Affaires, 1945 – 1955, (Scholarly Resources, 1989) Reel.38, File
6
name 020 ‘Publications and Manuscripts (1955)’, Flame no. 206-243. [hereafter,
ROCA, 38, 206-43.]
96
In the mid-1950s, US government had the outstanding problem about how to
obtain the peaceful solution of Taiwan problem. At Bandung Conference, Chinese
Prime Minister Chou En-lai announced that Chinese government would be ready
to enter into negotiation with US over the peaceful solution for Taiwan Strait
Crisis. On the part of the US government, they indicated to acceptance of the
negotiation with China though they were skeptical about China’s true intentions.
John F. Dulles, the Secretary of US State Department, thought that Chinese
Communists moved publicly toward peaceful solution, but there were some
complexities of situation. One of them was that Chinese Communists continued to
declare the ‘liberation’ of Taiwan, another was that Chinese Communist regime
failed to release American airmen despite US action to ease situation. On the other,
He felt frustrated and annoyed about attitude and status Chinese Nationalist
leader, Chiang Kai-shek. When the first Taiwan Strait Crisis broke out and US
government persuaded Chiang to withdraw the troops from strategically
nonsignificant small islands, He rejected the US demand obstinately. US
decision-makers began to take into account that they would approach problem of
cease-fire ‘realistically’.7 And that is, they decided respond to bilateral talks with
Chinese Communists in Geneva.
US policy toward Taiwan within the US over-all Asian policy
By summer 1955, US high-level officials were aware that there was no possibility
of the hostilities in Asian area as a result of the mutual security treaties between
US and non communist Asian countries and the statement of US President
Dwight. D Eisenhower that US would not have taken part in any aggressive action
against Chinese mainland. Instead, the communist expansion would shift the
military aggression into infiltration and subversion. To deter its threat, they
recognized that economic health and progress was important to the political
health of free countries in Asia.8 At the same time they found it necessary to
reconsider their general policies toward Far Eastern countries.
Apropos of US Taiwan policy, US officials designed the basic policy for Taiwan
and Republic of China during the first Taiwan Strait Crisis. In January 1955,
President Eisenhower approved the Taiwan policy titled ‘US Policy toward
Formosa and the Government of the Republic of China (GRC)’ numbered the
Sebald to Halde, May 11, 1955. ROCA, 38. 801-2.
Burton I. Kaufman, Trade and Aide: Eisenhower’s Foreign Economic Policy,
1953-1961, (the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982). For example, see Chapter
three.
7
8
97
National Security Council paper 5503 (NSC5503)9. Before formulating NSC5503,
US officials expected the Chinese Nationalist Armed Forces to be available for the
deterrence in Far Eastern Asia. In contrast, the basic objectives of NSC5503
stated that US should deny Taiwan and Penghu to the communists and foster a
friendly and stable GRC enjoying the broadest possible base of popular support in
Taiwan and Mainland and among the Chinese overseas. As for the Nationalist
military forces, US policymakers softened the tone of words to the point that GRC
could assume the defense their actual territory.
From the latter half of 1955, US officials discussed the review of general policy
toward non-communist Asian countries. In early September, a policy guideline
titled ‘Reappraisal of United States Policy with Respect to Free Asia: 1955-60’ was
circulated in the policy-making circles10. There were some remarkable points in
the papers. First, it premised that until 1960 and probably for some indefinite
period of time thereafter, the external power from outside of free Asia, principally
US, would have to assure the security of the areas. Concerning the central issues
of US military policy for free Asia, there needed to review priorities among
conflicting requirements of general war or local war, etc... However, none of the
possible Asian theaters would have been an area of decision in general war, and
the only free Asian areas in which the possibility of local war then seemed serious
were Taiwan and Indochina. The force level of the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, and
Free Indochinese armed forces should have been reexamined in the light of their
respective current and prospective missions, their economic capabilities, and the
requirements of US national interests. The paper also stated that the
consolidation of internal power and control in the free Asian states would not by
1960 match the effective consolidation achieved by the Asian communist regimes
and, for a short run, the US could not scruple to work with and assist existing free
Asian authoritarian governments. Apparently, US officials changed their posture
which they had had on demanding the democratic progress.
More significantly it is Japan and India that they regarded as the key positions to
maintain US influence in Asian area. They thought that if Japan and India
followed Mainland China into the communist fold, the US and Western orbits
would have lost in Asia. Moreover, they presumed that the redress against Asian
imbalance would depend in the long run upon the extent to which Japan and India
could be brought to interpose themselves as ‘effective counterweights to
NSC5503, NSC Report, Jan 15, 1955, U.S Department of State, Foreign
Relations of the United States, 1955-1957, volume 2, [hereafter, FRUS1955-57, 2]
9
(Washington DC, USGPO, 1989), p30-34.
10 ‘Reappraisal of United States Policy with Respect to Free Asia; 1955-1960’, Sept
1, 1955. ROCA, 38, 854-952.
98
Communist China’ 11 . The decision makers in the Eisenhower administration
seemed to expect Japan (and India) to become the driving forces in the Asian
economy because it was improbable that the rest of Asian non-communist
countries could prosper if these two countries should suffer serious deterioration.
At that time, however, Japan had fell into an economic stagnation. US
governmental dignitaries have come to realize that the solution of Japanese
economic problems lie in the expansion of the markets of Southeast Asia and the
improvement f Japanese competitive position in those market. They had intended
to press that over the long run, Japanese and Indian military forces had been
capable of contributing to the external power interests of these two key Asian
states.
As it was, US policy toward Japan had been formulated as NSC5516/112. These
policy papers, which was revised between autumn 1954 and April 1955, has been
said to reflect the thinking of President Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles.
At the beginning of the papers, it is stated that ‘Japan has the potential to assume
a leading and stabilizing role in Asia’. It was indicated that US hoped to request
Japanese rearmaments increasingly while they had to avoid their pressure of
Japanese military buildup to prevent its political and economic stability. In this
way, it was recognized in the US officials that Japanese economic stability became
the US basic policy prior to other Asian policies.
Eisenhower administration came out with “Massive Retaliation” or “New Look
Strategy” in public. What these plans intended to mean in the Cold War struggle
was to reduce the costly US ground forces and to depend on the relatively
reasonable nuclear weapons and US Strategic Air Command in consideration of
the financial constraints. In light of the relations with foreign allied countries
under the US “nuclear umbrella”, US intended to curtail or withdraw the costly
US ground forces from these countries. US wanted to substitute the indigenous
military forces for US counterparts to defense allied partners. In Free Asia area,
as said before, US high officials wanted Japan to play this leading role in the
future.
However, it was probably the officials in Chinese affairs that opposed to those
above ideas. They had in common with their top-levels the notion that the policy of
the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was intended primarily to consolidate its
own absolute power at home and to make possible its expansion abroad rather
than to realize those revolutionary aspirations. All the more, they insist that US
should have turned their attention to economic modernization in the most of
11
12
Ibid.
NSC5516/1, US Policy toward Japan, FRUS1955-57, 23, p52-62.
99
non-communist Asian countries other than Japan. In their opinion, therefore, it
was essential that US ‘look more closely at the free Chinese as one of the
significant components of the over-all Asian situation’ which US government must
include in any calculation of the purposes and possible effects of its Asian policy.
While Taiwan had been regarded as a military problem, US had failed to
understand ‘the broad significance of the total phenomenon of the Free Chinese in
Asia, of which the military defense of Formosa is only one part’13.
It may be a matter of guessing, but there seemed to be different directions of
Asian policy among US officials. As a result, some research institutes may have
been asked for the academic perspective from the standpoint of the outsiders. A.
Doak Barnett from Council on Foreign Relations gave a report on historical
background of Chinese Communist. Howard L. Boorman from CFR a study on
Chinese Soviet relations, Paul M. A. Linebarger form FPRI on the next decade US
China policy.
According to the chronological order, I can go through their report. First of all,
Boorman’s report explained that the US economic and financial stake in China
was minor in terms of the total US national economy and amount of direct political
pressure from PRC was negligible. But concerning the Taiwan, his comment
included a measure of irony as following; ‘the most troublesome Far Eastern issue
involved in the Sino-American controversy is Taiwan… Indeed it is paradoxical to
observe that the United States and the People’s Republic of China appear to
embrace virtually identical assumptions with regard to the existence of the
Chinese National Government… The United State accepts and Communist China
regrets the fact that it is a Chinese government with recognized international
status and a place in the United Nations… Rest of the world is interested in
Taiwan only to the extent that it could cause international complications, and
regards its continued survival as an American problem. There appear to be slight
prospect of evolving a solution…’14
As regards the PRC’s foreign policy and relations with Soviet Union, Boorman
developed a similar view with US top officials. He warned that the Chinese
Communists had been sharply aware of the importance and potentialities of
Japanese power in the Far East, and tried to wean Japan from its alignment with
the United States. In his report, likewise, Chinese Communists saw its long term
sphere of influence in Southeast Asia. And PRC relations with Soviet Union
derived psychological benefits from its coalition as well as political and economic
the authorless report, ‘Chapter 4: An Economic Policy for Free Asia’ and
‘Chapter 6: the Free Chinese’, no dated, ROCA, 38, 696-774.
14 Howard L. Boorman, ‘The Sino-Soviet Alliance in the Struggle with the West’,
Sept 19, 1955. ROCA, 38, 129-205.
13
100
prestige.
Boorman didn’t indicate to what extend the Sino-Soviet alliance had posed a
concrete threat to non-Communist world. He only suggested that there had been
no abandonment of major Communist goals in Asia and Peking may have limited
herself to political warfare such as infiltration, subversion, propaganda, sabotage,
and clandestine aid to dissident groups.
Barnett’s expertise on Chinese Communists also made a little difference with
that of Boorman. His comment emphasized on more aggressive behavior of PRC as
follows; ‘As Communist China’s power has grown, Peking has become increasingly
active in military pressure, political subversion, and diplomatic maneuvering in
Asia…. Chinese Communist Revolutionary tactics have become the model for
revolutionaries in much of Asia. And now Peking is pressing a diplomatic offensive
and actively competing for leadership in Asia’ 15 . He remarked there was a
continuing need to study for activities of PRC though he stood on the similar side
of US top-levels.
In contrast, Linebarger of FPRI suggested the more specific Chinese policy
compared to the above mentioned description of Asian circumstances. Judging
from several revised editions of his recommendations, he might have been asked
for more definite proposal than the foregoing two people. In the middle of
September, Linebarger submitted the brief report titled ‘Prologue for a New China
Policy’. He criticized the current US policy toward China and Taiwan as below; ‘Up
to now much of the difficulty of an American “China policy” has been the fact that
it was “China policy” and nothing more—not an organic living part of America’s
general policy in the world’ 16 . He pointed out that the Chinese themselves
admitted in fact two separate Chinese states, two Chinas and that ‘a balance of
interventions’ by United States and Russia both had stopped the Chinese civil war
at the particular boundary which obtained between the two Chinas. In addition,
He stated that ‘the only operational great power in Asia is Japan… Only Japan
possesses the near future capacity of putting task forces overseas…for the
preservation of life and order in disturbed portions of Asia’. In short, Linebarger
made realistic proposals that US government should adopt two Chinas policy and
emphasized the US strong ties with Japan.
In November, He remarked the same opinion in the newer report. He delivered
that a new US policy toward China had to be closely related to its global policies
and that United States had continued to recognize the Chinese Communists as de
A. Doak Barnett, ‘A note on China’, Oct 5, 1955. ROCA, 38. 81-95.
Paul M. A. Linebarger, ‘Prologue for a New China Policy’, Sept 15. 1955, ROCA,
38, 5-12.
15
16
101
facto authorities for certain areas and for certain purposes, i.e.in some
international conferences or bilateral talks since 1953. Linebarger advocated
maintaining the status quo of current circumstances without dishonor to Taiwan
and argued that ‘the United States should stimulate and encourage the creation of
a sound Japanese policy toward China and should reappraise American policy as
soon as such a Japanese long-range policy had been developed’. He considered the
United States and Japan as ‘the only two great powers in the Pacific area’17.
Strausz-Hupé seemed to have a dinner meeting with US officials to discuss
Linebarger’s draft report soon thereafter. It is obvious that Strausz-Hupé had
shared in Linebarger’s point of view with US Asian policies because he stated that
‘this statement was prepared by Dr. Linebarger on the basis of extensive
discussions by the Staff Conference of the FPRI’18. It is not known what kind of
debate there was in that dinner meeting, but it is easily conceivable that US
officials concerning with Chinese problem vehemently opposed to the concept of
FPRI. Some of them insisted repeatedly the inappropriateness of Linebarger’s
draft report.
Walter S. Robertson, the Assistant Secretary of the State for the Far Eastern
Affairs agreed that the conclusions and recommendations in the paper ‘seem more
valid over a long-range period than for the next five years’19.But he described
negatively that in that period there was little chance that Japanese forces would
become mobile for use outside Japan in the sense the paper discusses them. He
opposed to the reduction of US military and economic aid programs to Taiwan in
favor of concentration on India and Japan and rather tried to attract US attention
to the military and psychologically strength of Government of Republic of China
on strategically-located Taiwan. ‘It will play a significant role in the next few years
in our policy on Asia… Psychological and ideological conditions do not favor
Japanese leadership on a regional basis’.
Similarly, Walter P. McConaughy, the Director of the Office of Chinese Affairs,
Department of State, presented a pessimistic outlook about Indian and Japanese
leadership in Asian area. He also disapproved of the validation of the report in
next five years and warned that ‘in view of the limited number of trained and
organized US ground troops available to meet an outbreak of war in the Far East,
the GRC’s force could be invaluable’20. There were several reflections unfavorably
like those comments. Most of them included in their frustration because there was
Linebarger, ‘Draft Statement of a Ten-year China Policy, 1955-1965’, Nov 1,
1955. ROCA, 38, 1047-68.
18 Strausz-Hupé to Robertson, Nov 2, 1955, ROCA, 38, 1.
19 Robertson to Bowie, Dec 19, 1955, ROCA, 38, 660-9.
20 McConaughy to Rinden, Dec 15, 1955, ROCA, 38, 670-3.
17
102
little prospect that the economy of Taiwan would be able to assume a larger share
of the defense burden in the next five years if US economic aid programs for
Taiwan was curtailed. It is, however, noteworthy that US officials involved in
Chinese problem allowed that Japan would play the leading role in military and
economic growth in Pacific area on a long-term basis.
Conclusion
In April 1956, Linebarger had written the revised report, which included the
analysis on the unstable situation in Indochina. To sum up this report, there was
little difference from the previous version. But that report appeared to put a great
deal of thought into Taiwan problem. It indicated that ‘if the United States
continues to be the primary source of support for the government on Formosa it
should be prepared to accept as corollary of that support the responsibility of
stimulating or suggesting political, economic and military developments of
Formosa to make sure that the Nationalist Government represents not only
historic Chinese nationalism, but also a partner of whom the American people can
be proud’21. The conclusion and recommendation part of the report was similar
with that of previous one. It suggested the “two Chinas” policy that US should
recognize PRC as de facto authority in Chinese mainland and prevent the
possibility of Chinese civil war, and encourage Japanese leadership in Asian area.
Distribution of this report in the Eisenhower administration seemed to mean that
the subject matter of this report was regarded as the described course of US Asian
policy.
Then, did the think tanks in US have any influence on the US policy-making?
The answer would be affirmative on the ground that the report of think tank (e.g.
FPRI) made the over-all Asian policy more figurative and pervasive within the
government even if the basic policy had previously been formulated within the
high-level officials. At the same time, the answer would be negative on the ground
that it did not silence the minor opponents in the government (e.g. the officials of
Chinese Affairs) because they had often called for the strategic significance of
Taiwan thereafter.
Be that as it may, what is more important for me is to find out that the decision
making circles in the Eisenhower Administration were more heavily swayed
toward the emphasis on their relations with Japan than Taiwan and Republic of
China since mid-1950s. Those who studies the US relations with Taiwan tend to
Linebarger, ‘Draft Statement of a Ten-Year China and Indochina Policy,
1956-1966’ Apr 3, 1956, ROCA, 38, 70-82.
21
103
focus too much on the bilateral relations between the US and Taiwan and forget to
examine US-Taiwan relations among the over-all Asian policies. It is beneficial to
realize that I have to expand my view.
104
À la recherche de l’origine de l’image : Histoires d’inventions d’images et leur
« reproductibilité » contemporaine
ှ 㑥ᘯ㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉Ꮫ⾡᥎㐍◊✲ဨ㸧
ὴ㐵ඛ㸸ᅜ❧ࣃࣜᨻ἞Ꮫ㝔㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸧
Préface
La communauté scientifique s’accorde à dire que les peintures rupestres de l’art
franco-cantabrique, à la fin de Paléolithique supérieur, du Magdalénien, sont
caractérisés notamment par le réalisme des représentations et par ses thèmes animaliers
(fig.1). La science préhistoirque s'est progressivement constituée en discipline au cours
du XIXe siècle en se nourrissant d'admettre l'apparition de l'homme. La grotte
espagnole d’Altamira, située à Santillana del Mar près de Santander (Cantabrie),
renferme l'un des ensembles picturaux les plus importants de la Préhistoire. C'est l'abbé
Breuil (Henri Breuil : 1877-1961), le préhistorien en France, qui l'a qualifié d'origine de
l'image dans l'humanité, bien qu'elle ait déjà été découvete par Marcelino Sanz de
Sautuola (1879). Il a constitué la base de la recherche sur l’art pariétal afin de
percevoir des images préhistoriques.
Mon propos ici n'est pas seulement de faire un travail explicatif sur l’art
franco-cantabrique, mais aussi de comprendre la manière de voir des vestiges du passé,
comme l’abbé Breuil l’a fait en considérant les peintures pariétales dans la grotte
d'Altamira comme images originales ou authentiques. L'important, c'est qu'on ait pu les
confirmer à l'aide de reproductions figurative et les arrangements artistiques de Breuil
ont éliminé des tracés indéterminé.
Dans ce but, je vais d’abord faire un rapport sur mon voyage du musée d'Altamira en
Espagne. Je vais parler de la reproduction actuelle préhistorique dans la salle
d'exposition d'Altamira et établir une comparaison entre l'original et sa copie. Ensuite, je
vais décrire précisément la méthode et technique de relevé de l'art préhistorique, surtout
la méthode de Breuil ; il a reproduit une image « artistique » ou authentique afin de
discerner une silhouette d'animal dans la grande paroi ornée. Les relevés de Breuil
traduisent les peintures originales compliquées en des copies par le décalque posée
directement sur les œuvres réalisées sur des parois non friables. Enfin, sous-jacente à
cette réflexion, je voudrais poser la question : quelle est la relation entre l'original
préhistorique et sa copie ?
Comme Walter Benjamin dit,
la technique de
reproduction ne détruit jamais l'unicité de l'œuvre d'art, mais au contraire, elle actualise
la chose reproduite. Il semble clair que la reproduction du musée permet de montrer
105
comment il est possible de faire une analyse interne des représentations figuratives: la
découverte des peintures pariétales auraient dû être le résultat d’une recherche
méthodique à l’aide d’instruments de mesure. Cet article propose donc une réflexion
épistémologique concernant la conception de la visibilité préhistorique et fournit la
proposition d'une alternative muséographique en terme de reproductibilité.
La Visite de la grotte d’Altamira
Le Musée national et centre de recherche d'Altamira de Santillana del Mar ( le Museo
nacional y centro de investigación de Altamira ) que j'ai visité, a été inauguré par Les Rois
d’Espagne en 2001 pour accueiller un complexe muséographique moderne totalement
dédié au Paléolithique (fig.2). Il organise l'exposition permanente “les temps
d’Altamira” dans laquelle se trouve une infinité de pièces archéologiques, de recréations
et de répliques qui nous transporte à la vie quotidienne des gens qui ont habité et décoré
Altamira.
A cause des problèmes de conservation de la Grotte d’Altamira, le Musée d’Altamira
offre une alternative spectaculaire aux personnes qui souhaitent connaître la grotte et
son art. Après la première découverte de la grotte d'Altamira, en 1973, environ
cent-quatre-vingts mille touristes l'ont visité. L'augmentation de visiteurs a causé de
grands dégâts avec l’apparition de moisissures blanches sur les sols et de petites tâches
noires sur les voûtes. Finalement en 1977, le ministère du Culture en Espagne a décidé
au public la fermeture de la grotte pour la remettre en état gardant la même humidité
et la même température. Actuellement, la grotte originelle d'Altamira est donc fermée
provisoirement au public.
Le musée permet aux visiteurs de voir les peintures rupestres d'Altamira à la place
de la grotte originale. Il abrite la reproduction la plus fidèle qui soit de l’original, tel
qu’il était il y a quinze-mille ans(fig.3). Le visiteur peut parcourir un couloir dans le
diorama, où l'on peut discerner une silhouette d'animal avec l'éclairage adéquat. Le
diorama est un dispositif où le spectateur visionne une image topographique peinte sur
une toile gigantesque. C'est un mode de reconstitution d'une scène en volume qui
présente l'ensemble de la grotte d'Altamira. Ce système de représentation repose sur un
changement de point de vue qui permet au spectateur d'avoir illusion d'être dans la
grotte originale.
Sant doute, la véracité de ce diorama est obtenue par un rendu des textures et des
couleurs les plus proches de la réalité exposée, voire par l'utilisation des véritables
106
matériaux et objets, mises en situation d'objets archéologiques ou de fossiles dans leur
environnement contemporain ou des reconstitutions de sites de fouilles. L'échelle de la
représentaiton dépend principalement du sujet exposé : dans un mode plus évolué, le
diorama comporte un environnement modélisé en volume avec une richesse de détails
identique à celle du modèle.
Mais la grotte originale d'Altamira et son diorama sont-elles exactement pareilles ?
Autrement dit, quelle est la relation entre l'original préhistorique et sa copie ? Il me
semble important d'évoquer la technique de reproduction courante au début de 20ème
siècle. Parce qu’historiquement, il faut considérer les deux questions (l'original et sa
copie) séparément. On va traiter la méthodologie de l'abbé Breuil qui n'a pas assimilé la
peinture originale à sa représentation.
L'Histoire de la découverte et de la reconnaissance d'Altamira
L'art pariétal est un art animalier et une imitation de la nature. Cette affirmation
banale et généralement admise est directement issue de la conception breuillienne de
l'art préhistorique. Sa renommée tient à ses qualités de dessinateur qui l'autorise à
réaliser la belle reproduction « artistique » par le calque ou le croquis.
L'histoire de la grotte d'Altamira commence par la découverte fortuite de Marcelino
Sanz de Sautuola en 1879, qui était un juriste et archéologue amateur espagnol. Apres
découvrant les images de l’âge de pierre, il a présenté au Congrès préhistorique
quelques dessins dans lesquels on a pu voir un ensemble de peintures rupestres de
bisons, de chevaux, et de cerfs (fig.4). Celui-ci confirme les suppositions de Sautuola
qu'elles ont été réalisées au cours du Paléolithique supérieur. Présentées à l'Académie
des sciences, ces découvertes viennent alimenter le débat sur l'authenticité de l'art de
cavernes.
Mais, l'Académie des sciences en France a rejeté de la façon la plus ferme
l'hypothèse de Sautuola. La découverte était ridiculisée pour elle, car, comme le dit
Emile Carthailhac, « on reste sans comprendre comment l'œuvre a pu être accomplie
dans ces antres obscurs, à la lumière vacillante de ces lampes fumeuses, dont les
primitifs actuels usent encore,... »1 : les préhistoriens ont supposé que les peuples
préhistoriques avaient habité à l'entrée de la grotte. Ou bien, du fait de la qualité
artistique remarquable des peintures et de l'état exceptionnel de leur conservation, on a
cru que les peintures avaient été réalisées par un artiste contemporain.
1 Émile Cartailhac, « Les Cavernes ornées de dessins, la grotte d’Altamira, Espagne, “Mea culpa”
d’un sceptique », L’Anthropologie, 1902, t. XIII, p. 349.
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Il me semble qu'il y avait un changement épistémologique dans l'approche du passé
après la méthodologie de l'abbé Breuil. Car, à partir de plusieurs de ses investigations de
peintures préhistorique, on était disposé à accepter une telle ancienneté pour ces
peintures. Dans ces travaux, Breuil s'efforce de dépasser la seule dimension
descriptive pour proposer une interprétation de l'art des cavernes. Le relevé de l'un des
bisons polychromes d'Altamira a été publié par Breuil en 1906 (fig.5). Il explique le
rude travail, quand il le calque dans la ténèbres de la grotte.
« Elles (les gravures des parois des cavernes) n'ont jamais d'entourage conventionnel.
Elles sont si fines qu'elles deviennent invisibles pour peu qu'on s'éloigne. Les ayant
perdues de vue, on a souvent de la peine à les retrouver. Comment, dès lors,
auraient-elles pu jouer un rôle décoratif. Une fois de plus nous arrivons à supposer
qu'elles ont une toute autre destination. »2
Dans l'obscurité de la grotte, on peut à peine voir des tracés sous la lumière
insuffisante. S'il s'attache à situer les œuvres qu'il examine, Breuil cherche aussi bien la
belle forme que la signification de l'art préhistorique pour ne pas perdre ses traits.
Cherchant la technique préhistorique dont il souligne la complexité, il reproduit une
image par l'élimination de traces indéterminées. Au contraire de la reproduction de
Sautuola, celle de Breuil ne présente que des formes d'animaux sur le papier blanc
(fig6).
Il est certain que la méthodologie de Breuil a soulevé le débat sur la conservation de
vestiges archéologiques. Son expression graphique des tracés se fonde, dans un sens
plutôt sur son interprétation intentionnelle que sur l'objectivité scientifique qui signifie
l'occultation de la volonté d'observateur. Mais, à vrai dire, pour lui le problème n'est
pas de savoir comment décrire exactement la même chose, ou comment reproduire la
même image dans la grotte. Plutôt, quand il est entré dans la grande paroi ornée, il a
reproduit ce qu'il a vu. Il a expérimenté une compréhension intuitive de leurs intentions
esthétiques, tant bien que toutes les peintures préhistoriques ont contribué à
impressionner le visiteur moderne qui cherche à deviner des signes, des tracés
d'autrefois. Donc le fait de reproduire une œuvre du passé par lui a eu pour but de faire
apparaître l'image authentique par l'intermédiaire de la représentation de l'image
originale. Il s’ensuit de là que les préhistoriens au début de 20ème siècle ont considéré
les peintures pariétales de l’art franco-cantabrique à la fin de Paléolithique supérieur.
2 Émile Cartailhac et Henri Breuil, La caverne d'Altamira à Santillane, près Santander (Espagne) :
Peintures et gravures murales des cavernes paléolithiques, Monaco, 1906, p.60.
108
L'Original et sa copie
Le Musée d'Altamira présente des spectacles de la grotte caverne pour la
conservation. Mais c'est une réplique où nous pouvons parcourir comme si nous nous
situons dans la grotte originale. Approuver la copie suppose qu'on renverse les valeurs
respectives de l'original et de la copie, mais aussi qu'on remette en question la catégorie
de l'originalité sur l'art traditionnel.
En 1936 Walter Benjamin a publié un article intitulé « L’Œuvre d’art à l’époque de sa
reproduction mécanisée » (1936). Dans cet article, il prétend qu'il est du principe de
l'œuvre d'art d'avoir toujours été reproductible. Traditionnellement, la valeur unique de
l'œuvre d'art s'est intégrée dans la valeur du rituel situé à une place déterminée (par
exemple, l'église ou la grotte). Il est essentiel que tel objet possède une unicité et que le
mode d'existence de l'œuvre d'art soit déterminé par elle. Par contre, la technique de
reproduction fait disparaître cet « ici et maintenant » de l'original qui forme le contenu
de la notion de l'authenticité.
Autrement dit, on peut dire sans doute que la technique de reproduction multiplie à la
fois l'original et produit sa copie. Mais, ce qui se dégage de la réflexion de Benjamin
c'est que le développement des techniques de reproduction a changé la perception du
spectateur, qui paradoxalement a l'impression que l'art lui est plus accessible (il peut
avoir accès à des images en permanence), alors qu'en même temps ces images lui
révèlent leur absence.
Il dit :
« La technique de reproduction - telle pourrait le domaine de l'art – détache la chose
reproduite du domaine de la traduction. En multipliant sa reproduction , elle met à la
place de son unique existence son existence en série et, en permettant à la reproduction
de s'offrir en n'importe quelle situation au spectateur ou à l'auditeur, elle actualise la
chose reproduite. »3
Le fait de reproduire une œuvre fait perdre son unicité, tandis que le produit nouveau
actualise la chose reproduite. Il sera indépendant de l'œuvre originelle par le fait que la
copie sera placée dans de nouveaux contextes.
On dit donc que la grotte d'Altamira possède une unicité tandis que le musée
3 Walter Benjamin (1989), “L’Œuvre d’art à l’époque de sa reproduction mécanisée”, in
Gesammelte Schriften, Suhrkamp, Bd. 1-2, S.711.
109
d'Altamira l'annule. La technique de reproduction dans la découverte au début du 20ème
siècle a permis à préhistorien de réaliser l'ancienneté pour les peintures rupestres. De
même, le diorama du musée représentent les spectacles qu'on ne peut jamais voir dans
les circonstances actuelles. En y parcourant, nous imaginerions un instant où les peuples
paléolithiques dessinèrent les peintures et où ils les regardèrent. Il va sans dire qu'il n'est
que d'imitation très ressemblante à l'original. Mais, nous y faisons l'expérience de l'autre
instant où les anciens peuples ne vécurent jamais. En effet, personne ne connait la raison
pour laquelle ils dessinèrent les peintures rupestres dans les ténèbres qu'ils n'habitèrent
pas. Autrement dit, on ne sait pas s'ils les regardaient comme un objet d’exposition ou
un outil magique. Chaque fois reproduites dans le musée, les images préhistoriques
transforment leur signification et nous font réfléchir autrement. La reproduction du
diorama en volume nous fait donc sentir à la fois l'originalité que nous nous rappelons et
la matérialité que possède l'autre authenticité.
Conclusion
En 1985, la grotte d’Altamira a été inscrite sur la liste du Patrimoine mondial de
l’Humanité par l’UNESCO. Paradoxalement, d'un point de vue culturel, le patrimoine
fait appel à l'idée d'un héritage légué que nous devons transmettre intact ou enrichi aux
générations futures. Mais, il n'est pas juste que des peintures fragiles soient ni vues ni
connues pour les conserver dans un milieu vivant. En proposant le concept de la
technique de reproduction, j'ai tenté d'appréhender la signification de l'expérience
double de l'originel.
Cela concerne le patrimoine culturel du Japon. Par exemple, la conservation des
fresques des tumulus de Takamatsuzuka a détruit les peinture rupestres originales pour
les rendre visibles. De toutes façons, nous percevons le passé en tant que traces du passé.
Découvertes, elles sont conservées et reproduites.
110
(fig.1)Lagrotted'Altamira
(fig.2)leMuseonacionalycentrode
investigacióndeAltamira
111
(fig.3)LePlandumuséed'Altamira
112
(fig.4)Lareproductiond'AltamiraparSautuola(1879)
(fig.5)LerelevédeBreuil(1906)
113
(fig6)LaméthodederelevédeBreuil
114
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ࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞ᤵᴗࡀ㛤ㅮࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㡑ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᩍ⫱ࡀ᪥
ᮏࡼࡾࡶඛࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧≧ࢆࠊᤵᴗぢᏛࢆ࡜࠾ࡋ࡚ᐇឤࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝ࡛࠶
ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢᩍ⫱ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
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ࡓࡶࡢࢆ᪥ᮏㄒ᪥ᮏᩥ໬ᩍ⫱࢖ࣥࢫࢸ࢕ࢸ࣮ࣗࢺ࡛⌧ᅾ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᩍ
⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟ά࠿ࡋࠊ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍ⛉᭩సᡂࡸ
ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᤵᴗࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛసᡂ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ኱࠸࡟ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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ࠕ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫὴ㐵㝔⏕࣭࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌ࠖ
㥴Ἑ㍤࿴㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧㸦ᯇᾆᢸᙜ㸧
⥴ᙧᗣ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧㸦⏣୰ᢸᙜ㸧
㸦㝔 ⏕㸧ᯇᾆ┿ᘪ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧
㸦࣓ࣥࢱ࣮㸧⏣୰๛㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
ᯇᾆࡢㄽᩥࡣࠊほගᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࢆᾎࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᅜ㞼༡┬㯇Ụᕷࢆ஦౛࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊほගࡢ
ࡶࡓࡽࡍࣉࣛࢫࡢ㠃࡜࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢ㠃ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓㄽᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ294 ேࡢほගᐈ࡜ 100 ࡢ஦ᴗᡤ
࠿ࡽ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡾࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋほගᐈࡢᾘ㈝ෆヂ࡜஦ᴗᡤ
ࡢ⤒㈝ෆヂ࡜ᆅᇦෆㄪ㐩ຊࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ほගࡢ⤒῭Ἴཬຠᯝࢆィ ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊほග⏘
ᴗࡢ௜ຍ౯್ࡣ㯇Ụᕷ GDP ࡢ⣙ 6 ๭ࢆ༨ࡵࠊ㞠⏝ࡣ㯇Ụᕷᚑᴗဨ⥲ᩘࡢ 4 ๭ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ほගᴗࡢࡶࡓࡽࡍ⤒῭ⓗ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊほගᐈࡢ᮶ࡿᆅᇦࠊᖺ㱋ᒙࠊ࡝ࡇ࡟㨩ຊࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᚩࢆㄪ࡭࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ஦ᴗᡤࡢㄪᰝ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ8 ๭ࡀ 2000 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢ㛤ᴗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ 2010 ᖺ㛤ᴗ࡜࠸
࠺ᴟࡵ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸஦ᴗᡤࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ༙ศ௨ୖࡣእ㒊࠿ࡽ᮶࡚࠸࡚ࠊၟ
ᶵࢆồࡵ࡚ὶධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
ᛴ㏿࡞ほගᴗࡢⓎ㐩ࡢ࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢഃ㠃࡜ࡋ࡚⎔ቃࡢᝏ໬ࢆࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡢᩥ⊩ࢆㄪ࡭࡚ྲྀࡾ
ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋỈ฼⏝ࡢቑຍ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᑗ᮶ࡢỈ୙㊊ࡢྍ⬟ᛶཬࡧỈࡀởᰁࡉࢀ࡚Ỉ㉁ࡀᝏ໬
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ᤼Ẽ࢞ࢫࡢ᤼ฟ㔞ࡢቑຍࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⊂⮬ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ほගᴗࡢ⤒῭ⓗ㈉⊩ࢆලయⓗ࡞ᩘ್࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜
ࡣホ౯࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㯇Ụᕷ࡟᮶ࡿほගᐈࡢ≉ᚩࠊእ࠿ࡽὶධࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸஦
ᴗᡤࡀከ࠸࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓⅬࡶ⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋほගᴗࡢ࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢഃ㠃ࢆ୰ᅜㄒࡢᩥ
⊩ࢆㄪ࡭࡚ᥦฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡚ࢇ࡛ࡶ◊✲ࡢⓎᒎࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋఫẸࡀほගᴗࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣㄪᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
⏣୰๛ࡣ 2011 ᖺ 1 ᭶࠿ࡽ 3 ᭶ࡲ࡛ࠊᯇᾆ┿ᘪࡢ࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ᙺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫ࡟࡚ࠊ
⿁୎ᩍᤵ㸦ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔⳹ൂ⤒῭ྐ㸧ࡢࡶ࡜▷ᮇ◊ಟ࡟ᚑ஦ࡋࡓࠋ
⏣୰ࡣࠊᯇᾆࡢ␃Ꮫ୰ࡢຓゝࢆ⾜࠺࠿ࡓࢃࡽࠊ୰ᒣ኱Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋ࠊᗈᮾ┬❧ᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ┬❧
ᅗ᭩㤋ࡢᩥᚨศ㤋࡞࡝࡛ྐᩱ཰㞟ࢆ⢭ຊⓗ࡟⾜࠸ࠊ
ࠗෆⵚྂ᪥ሗ࠘ࠊ
ࠗග᫂᪥ሗ࠘ࠊ
ࠗ୰ṇ᪥ሗ࠘ࠊ
ࠗᗈᮾ᪥ሗ࠘
ࠊࠗ୰ኸ᪥ሗ㸦ᗈᕞ∧㸧࠘࡞࡝ࡢ㜀ぴࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊෆⵚྂ⮬἞ᨻᗓᡂ❧ᚋࡢࣔࣥࢦ
ࣝே࡜ᅜẸඪ࡜ࡢㅖ㛵ಀࠊᅜඹෆᡓᮇࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝே❧ἲ㝔ጤဨࡢືྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᪂ࡓ࡞▱ぢ
ࢆ✚ࡳࠊ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚カᨻ᫬ᮇࡢࣔࣥࢦࣝᕤసᕤ⛬⾲➼ࡢ㈗㔜࡞୍ḟྐᩱࢆⓎ᥀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁࡓࠋ
⏣୰ࡢὴ㐵◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠕேẸඹ࿴ᅜᘓᅜ๓ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣔࣥࢦࣝ▱㆑ேࡢ͆෌⦅͇Ɇ1947㹼
117
1957Ɇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1949 ᖺ࡟୰ᅜඹ⏘ඪࡣࠕඹྠ⥘㡿ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊẸ᪘ゝㄒᩥ໬ࡢᑛ㔜ࢆ
ᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ẟἑᮾࡓࡕඪ୰ኸࡀ㔜どࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊẸ᪘ၥ㢟ࡢ஧ࡘࡢ೫ྥࠊࡍ࡞ࢃ
ࡕ኱₎᪘୺⩏࡜ᆅ᪉Ẹ᪘୺⩏ࡢඞ᭹࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅᘓᅜᡤᮇࡢ㔜Ⅼࡣ኱₎᪘
୺⩏ࡢඞ᭹࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⏣୰ࡣࠊࡇࡢ኱₎᪘୺⩏࡟ᑐࡍࡿែᗘ⾲᫂ࢆ㍈࡟ࠊ1947 ᖺ
࠿ࡽ 10 ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡿࣔࣥࢦࣝ▱㆑ேࡢᛮ᝿ᨵ㐀࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠕᛮ᝿
ᨵ㐀ࠖ࡜୍⯡࡟⥲⛠ࡉࢀࡿᙜヱᮇࡢືྥࢆࠊᩒ࠼࡚ࠕ▱㆑ேࡢ෌⦅ࠖ࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡿ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ
཯ྑὴ㜚த࡟ᖐ⤖ࡍࡿෆࣔࣥࢦࣝᆅᇦࡢᛮ᝿ᨵ㐀ࡢ⢔Ύᑐ㇟ࡀࠊᘓᅜ๓࠿ࡽ᭷ຊ࡞୍ὴ࡜
ࡋ࡚࠶ࡗࡓࠕෆⵚྂ⊂❧ㄽࠖ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅜẸඪࡢ₎᪘ྠ໬ᨻ⟇࡟ྠㄪࡍࡿ࠿ࡓࡕ࡛ࠊࠕ୰
ᅜࡢ୰ࡢෆⵚྂࠖࢆ୺ᙇࡋ࡚ࡁࡓேࠎ࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࣃࣛࢻࢵࢡࢫࢆ㔜どࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋᛮ᝿ᨵ㐀ࡀࣔࣥࢦࣝẸ᪘࡟ᅛ᭷࡞ゝㄒࡸᩥ໬ࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿ㐠ື࡜ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃ
୰࡛ࠊࣔࣥࢦࣝ▱㆑ேࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸Ẹ᪘ᛶࡢ࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡢయ⌧⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ෌⦅ࠖࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸
࠺㔜せ࡞ᣦ᦬ࡀࡇࡇ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡢ┣Ⅼࢆ✺ࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸◊✲リㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯࡛
ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ
118
ࠕᅜ❧ࣃࣜᨻ἞Ꮫ㝔ὴ㐵㝔⏕࣭࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌ࠖ
℈⏣㯞▮㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉෸ᩍᤵ㸧㸦ᑠ➟ཎᢸᙜ㸧
㛗㔝㡰Ꮚ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧㸦ှᢸᙜ㸧
㸦㝔 ⏕㸧ᑠ➟ཎ῟㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧
㸦࣓ࣥࢱ࣮㸧ှ㑥ᘯ㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉Ꮫ⾡᥎㐍◊✲ဨ㸧
୰ᅜᩥᏛ㸦ྎ‴ᩥᏛ㸧◊✲ࢆᑓᨷࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᑠ➟ཎࡉࢇࡀ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡜࠸࠺ሙᡤ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢪ
࢔ᩥᏛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ୰ᅜㄒᩥᏛࢆぢ┤ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣᮏᙜ࡟㈗㔜࡞ᶵ఍࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
ᑠ➟ཎࡉࢇࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ᩥᏛసရࡢ⩻ヂࡶᡭࡀࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࠕእᅜᩥᏛࢆ⩻ヂࡍࡿ㸭◊✲ࡍ
ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺సᴗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ◊✲⪅࡜ヰࡋྜ࠸ࠊඹྠసᴗ࡟ᦠࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡓ࠿ࡽࡔࠋ୰࡛ࡶᑠ➟ཎࡉࢇࡀྎ‴ྠ᫬௦ᩥᏛࢆㄞࡴୖ࡛᭩࠿ࡏ࡞࠸సᐙࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ
⯙㭯ࢆ⩻ヂ⪅࡟ฟ఍࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣᖾ㐠ࡔࡗࡓࠋ(VWKHU/LQ5RVRODWR ඛ⏕࡜ࠊ」㞧࡛㞴῰࡞ࡇ
࡜࡛▱ࡽࢀࡿ⯙㭯ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࠊヂࡋ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ពぢ஺ὶࢆࡍࡍࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡇࡢඛࡢᑠ➟ཎࡉࢇࡢ◊✲࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ຊ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ⌧ᅾࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜ⡠ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊඵࠐᖺ௦ࡢ໭ிࡢᩥᏛࢩ࣮ࣥࢆ≌ᘬࡋ࡚
࠸ࡓࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ㈹సᐙࠊ㧗⾜೺Ặ࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡶࠊࣃࣜ␃
Ꮫࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋඖ᮶୰ᅜㄒ࡛๰సࡋࠊ୰ᅜ࡛⾲⌧άືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡟ࡶ
࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ୰ᅜᨻᗓࡢᅽຊ࡟⪏࠼࠿ࡡ࡚ஸ࿨࡟㋃ࡳษࡿ▱㆑ேࡣ࠶࡜ࢆࡓࡓ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ
୰࡛ࡶ㧗⾜೺ࡣ࣍ࢫࢺ♫఍࡟㐺ᛂࡋࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜⤮⏬࡜࠸࠺ᡭẁ࡜
࡛ୡ⏺࡟Ⓨಙࡋࡘ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᕼ᭷࡞Ꮡᅾࡔ࠿ࡽࡔࠋࡇࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᑠ➟ཎࡉ
ࢇࡣ∞᮶ࡢࠕ୰ᅜࣔࢲࢽࢬ࣒ࡢㄞゎࠖ࡜࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞┠ᶆ࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㊊ࡀ࠿ࡾࢆぢࡘࡅࡽࢀ
ࡓࡇ࡜࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
௒ᅇࡢὴ㐵⪅࣭ှ㑥ᘯࡣࠊಟኈㄽᩥ࡛ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᛮ᝿ᐙ *ࣂࢱ࢖ࣘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜
ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ㛵ಀࡢ≉Ṧᛶࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋ࡚ඃࢀࡓㄽᩥ࡟௙ୖࡆࠊᩥ໬Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈㄢ⛬࡟㐍
Ꮫᚋࡶྠ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࡀࠊ ᖺ࡟᪥௖ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒஺ὶࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢὴ㐵Ꮫ⏕࡜ࡋ࡚
ࣃࣜ♫఍⛉Ꮫ㧗➼◊✲㝔࡟ᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚ࢹ࢕ࢹ࢕ ࣐ࣘ࣋ࣝࣥᩍᤵࡢᣦᑟࢆᚓࡓࡢࢆᶵ఍࡟ࠊࣂ
ࢱ࢖ࣘࡶㄽࡌࡓὝ❍ቨ⏬⨾⾡࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜ࡑࡢ㌟యᛶࡢၥ㢟ཬࡧࡑࡢ⨾Ꮫⓗព⩏ࢆ
ࡵࡄࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃ◊✲ࡢᑕ⛬ࢆᗈࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢ ,73 ὴ㐵࡛ࡣࠊ ᖺ ᭶࠿ࡽ ᭶ࡲ࡛ࣃ
࡛ࣜ ,73 ὴ㐵Ꮫ⏕㸦ᑠ➟ཎ῟㸧ࡢ࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ᙺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛ࡢ୰ᅜࡢ⌧௦ᩥᏛࡢ⌧≧
࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝཬࡧ◊✲ㄽᩥᇳ➹ࡢᣦᑟࡸ⏕ά㠃࡛ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆ⾜࠺୍᪉࡛ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ◊
✲ࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᩥ⊩ㄪᰝࡸᐇᆅㄪᰝࢆ⢭ຊⓗ࡟⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜ❧⮬↛ྐ
༤≀㤋➼࡛ඛྐᏛࡢⓎᒎ࡬ࡢ௚Ꮫၥ㡿ᇦ㸦⪃ྂᏛࠊẸ᪘Ꮫࠊᚰ⌮Ꮫ➼㸧ࡢᙳ㡪㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウ
ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢ⌧ᏑࡍࡿὝ❍ቨ⏬ࡢࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡཬࡧ⌧ᅾࡢ◊
119
✲≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄪᰝࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓ ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࡢඛྐᏛ⪅࢔࣭ࣥࣜࣈࣝ࢖ࣘࡢศᯒ᪉ἲ
࡜ࡑࡢᚋࡢ◊✲᪉ἲ㸦౛࠼ࡤࣝࣟ࣡ ࢢ࣮ࣛࣥࡢࡑࢀ㸧࡜ࢆẚ㍑᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊὝ❍
࡜࠸࠺✵㛫ෆ࡛ࡢ㌟యᡤసࢆྵࡵࡓ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ෌⌧ࡢ⊂⮬ᛶ࡜ࡑࡢព࿡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᪤࡟Ꮫ఍ㄅࠗ⨾Ꮫ࠘➨ ྕ㸦 ᖺ ᭶㸧࡟ㄽᩥࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ௚ࠊࡇ
ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆࡉࡽ࡟㐍ᒎࡉࡏࡓពḧⓗ࡞◊✲ࢆ⾲㇟ᩥ໬ㄽᏛ఍➨ ᅇ኱఍㸦 ᖺ ᭶㸧ࠊ
⨾Ꮫ఍す㒊఍౛఍㸦ྠ ᭶㸧➼࡟࠾࠸ཱྀ࡚㢌Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟⵳✚ࡋ࡚ࡁ
ࡓ◊✲ࢆ༤ኈㄽᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚௙ୖࡆࠊ⪃ྂᏛ࣭ே㢮Ꮫⓗ࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪ⏕ᡂ࡜࠸࠺ᮍ㛤ᣅࡢ㡿ᇦࡔ
ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜㌟యᛶ࡜࠸࠺᰿ᮏၥ㢟࡬ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞どⅬࢆษࡾ㛤ࡃࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ᡂᯝࢆࠊ
ᅜෆእࡢᏛ⏺࡛බ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
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ࠕ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ኱Ꮫὴ㐵㝔⏕࣭࣓ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌ࠖ
ᮌᮧ ᖿ 㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧㸦⡿ἑᢸᙜ㸧
኱ὠ␃ ཌ 㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸧㸦ᅄ᪉ᢸᙜ㸧
㸦㝔 ⏕㸧⡿ἑ ❳ஓ኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿༠ຊ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬
㸦࣓ࣥࢱ࣮㸧ᅄ᪉ ಇ♸㸦ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉◊✲ဨ㸧
⡿ἑྩࡣ ᖺ ᭶࠿ࡽ ᭶ࡲ࡛ࢩ࢔ࢺࣝ࡟࠸ࡿ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ኱Ꮫ࡟ᅾࡋࡓࠋ࣡ࢩࣥ
ࢺࣥ኱Ꮫࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝᭷ᩘࡢᮅ㩭༙ᓥ◊✲ࡢᣐⅬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⡿ἑྩࡣࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚㡑ᅜ
ࡢࠕᕷẸ㐠ືࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢせⅬࡣࠊఱᨾ࡟㡑ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚௒᪥ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞
ࠕᕷẸ㐠ືࠖࡀⓎᒎࡋࡓ࠿ࢆࠊṔྐⓗ⤒㊰౫Ꮡࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
㡑ᅜ◊✲ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᨻ἞Ꮫⓗ࡟ᴟࡵ࡚㧗ࡃホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊྠྩࡣࠊάⓎ࡞◊✲ሗ࿌άືࡶᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᭱኱ࡢ⾲ࢀࡣࠊྠྩࡀࠊࡇࡢ
ෆᐜ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ◊✲ࢆࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᅾ୰ࡢ ᖺ ᭶࡟ࡣࠊࣟࢧࣥࢮࣝࢫࡢ WKH3DFLILF%DVLQ
,QVWLWXWHRI3RPRQD&ROOHJH ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ $VLDQ6WXGLHVRQWKH3DFLILF&RDVW࡜ࠊ:HVWHUQ
&RQIHUHQFHRIWKH$VVRFLDWLRQRI$VLDQ6WXGLHV ࡢྜྠᖺḟ఍㆟࡟࡚ࠊࡲࡓ⥆ࡃྠᖺ ᭶࡟⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ࡟࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓ⌧௦㡑ᅜᮅ㩭Ꮫ఍࡟࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀሗ࿌ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ඾ᆺⓗ࡟♧ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ$VVRFLDWLRQIRU$VLDQ6WXGLHV ࡣୡ⏺᭱኱ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲ࡢᏛ఍࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ⌧
௦㡑ᅜᮅ㩭Ꮫ఍ࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ♫఍⛉Ꮫศ㔝ࡢᮅ㩭༙ᓥ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᭱ࡶᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡘ
Ꮫ఍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᅜෆእࡢ஧ࡘࡢᏛ఍࡟࡚ሗ࿌ᶵ఍ࢆᚓࠊ᪥ⱥ஧ࣨᅜㄒ࡛ᮅ㩭༙ᓥ࡟㛵ࢃ
ࡿ⌮ㄽⓗࠊୟࡘᐇドⓗࡢ㧗࠸◊✲ሗ࿌ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡢ㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆ຾ࡕᚓࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊྠྩ
ࡢ◊✲Ỉ‽ࡢ㧗ࡉࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᡂຌ஦౛࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼
ࡼ࠺ࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඃࢀࡓᴗ⦼ࢆᣲࡆࡓྠྩࡣࠊ᪥୰㡑༠ຊ஦ົᒁ୍⯡ᙺົ⫋ဨ㸦◊✲
⫋㸧࡟ᛂເࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀࠊᮏᖺ ᭶࠿ࡽ㉱௵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ⫋ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊⱥ
ㄒࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࡢ୕ࣨᅜㄒࢆ㥑౑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ◊✲⫋࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢഹ࠿ ྡࡢເ㞟࡟
ᙼࡀᛂເࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ஦ࡣࠊྠྩࡀᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚓࡓᶵ఍ࢆᏑศ࡟⏕࠿ࡋࡓ⤖
ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ༤ኈㄽᩥ᏶ᡂ๓ࡢᑵ⫋࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢྠྩࡢ஦౛ࡀࠊᮏࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ࡀ㏣ồࡍࡿ⌧ᆅ࡜Ḣ⡿ࡢ཮᪉࡟⇍▱ࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸◊✲⪅ࡢ᪩ᮇ⫱ᡂࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᡂຌ౛࡛࠶ࡿ
஦ࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
ᅄ᪉ಇ௓ࡣ ITP ὴ㐵◊✲⪅࡜ࡋ࡚࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞ❧኱Ꮫ࡟ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࠊㄪᰝ◊✲࡟ᚑ஦ࡋࡲ
ࡋࡓࠋᅄ᪉ࡣᏛ఩ㄽᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚෭ᡓᮇ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢྎ‴ᨻ⟇ࢆࠊ୺࡟ྎ‴ࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗
ᡓ␎࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ㄽࡌࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞ❧኱Ꮫࡢᴟᮾᅗ᭩㤋࡟ࡣ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ
ᅄ᪉ࡣᙜᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ Shen Ặࡢ࢔ࢻࣦ࢓࢖ࢫࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢㄪᰝ◊✲࡟ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
121
ᅄ᪉ࡀ୺࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡢࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜእ஺ㄪᰝጤဨ఍㸦Foreign Policy Research
Institute=FPRI㸧ࡢ㈨ᩱ࡛ࠊࡑࡢศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ FPRI ࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢྎ‴ᨻ⟇ᙧᡂ࡟
୚࠼ࡓᙳ㡪ࢆィࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋFPRI ࡢ๰ጞ⪅ Strausz-Hup« ࡣ࢘࢕࣮ࣥฟ㌟ࡢࣁ
࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜ⣔ࣘࢲࣖே࡛ࠊ኱ᡓ㛫ᮇ࡟㓄അ⪅ࡢฟ㌟ᆅ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢ࣌ࣥࢩࣦ࢙ࣝࢽ࢔኱
Ꮫ࡛Ꮫࡧࠊ1946 ᖺ࡟࣌ࣥࢩࣦ࢙ࣝࢽ࢔኱Ꮫ࡛ᩍ⫋࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ෭ᡓࡓࡅ࡞ࢃࡢ 1955 ᖺ
࡟ FPRI ࢆタ❧ࡋࡓ Strausz-Hup« ࡢពᅗࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜᪥ᮏࡢᩋᡓ࡛ᅜẸᅜᐙࡢ᫬௦ࡀ⤊ࢃ
ࡾࠊ㐃㑥ไⓗ࡞࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࡜ࢯࣦ࢕࢚ࢺ㐃㑥ࡢ㛫࡛ࡢ୺ᑟᶒத࠸ࡀ୙ྍ㑊࡞୰࡛࢔࣓
ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢእ஺ᨻ⟇ࢆၥ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡟ࡣ +DQV.RKQ ࡸ +HQU\.LVVLQJHU
࡞࡝㗿ࠎࡓࡿே≀ࡀྡࢆ㐃ࡡ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼࡽࡢ≺࠸ࡣࠊୡ⏺ࡢேཱྀࡢ༙ᩘࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࢔ࢪ
࢔࡛ࢯ㐃ࡸ୰ᅜࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ᑐᢠࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࿘㎶ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜ࡟࠸࠿࡟⤒῭᥼ຓࢆ⾜࠺࠿࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ྎ‴ࡢᖹ࿴ⓗ⥔ᣢࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢእ஺ᨻ⟇ࡢせࡢ୍
ࡘࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞ❧኱Ꮫࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡢ୰࡛࢔ࢪ࢔࡟㏆࠸すᾏᓊ࡟఩⨨ࡋࠊᮾᾏᓊࡢㅖ
኱Ꮫ࡟ᑐᢠࡍࡿࡓࡵ࢔ࢪ࢔◊✲࡟ຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢⅬ࡛඘ᐇࡋࡓࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢᣦᑟࢆཷ
ࡅࠊ㈗㔜࡞㈨ᩱࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᴟᮾᅗ᭩㤋࡛ㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠼ࡓ஦ࡣᅄ᪉ࡢ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜
ࡇࢁ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡍࠋ
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