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見る/開く - 東京外国語大学学術成果コレクション
ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿ ▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ ࡣࡌࡵ 1.ࠕබᾏࠖ࠾ࡅࡿ㈨※⟶⌮ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ 2. ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ ࠉ2-1 ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛ࡢ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⠊ᅖࠊせ⣲ཬࡧᐇ⌧ᛶ ࠉ2-2 ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢබᾏ࠾ࡅࡿタ⨨ ࠉ2-3 ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㐍ᒎ 3. ண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ⛉Ꮫⓗ㈨※⟶⌮ ࠉ3-1 ண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳせồࡉࢀࡿ୍ᐃࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ ࠉ3-2 බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿάື㛵ࡍࡿ EIA ࡢ⌧⾜ㅖไᗘᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ ࠾ࢃࡾ ࡣࡌࡵ ࠉ᪥ࠊࡼࡾ⊃࠸ࠕබᾏࠖࠊࡑࢇ࡞ኚࡀ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢほⅬࡽࡉࡽᛴ㏿㉳ࡇࡾࡘࡘ࠶ ࡿࠋබᾏࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢ༊ᇦ㸦ABNJ; Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㛗࠸ 㛫ࠊබᾏ⮬⏤ࡢཎ๎ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᮏ✏ࡢ➹⪅ࡣࡘ࡚ࠊᮏ᮶⮬⏤࡞⏝ ࡀチᐜࡉࢀࡿࡣࡎࡢබᾏ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢ⮬⏤ࢆ㜼ࡴࡼ࠺࡞ᾏᇦࡢタᐃࠊPSSA㸦≉ูᩄឤỈᇦࠊ Particularly Sensitive Sea Area㸧࠸࠺≉ูࡢᾏᇦࡢタᐃࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ ὀ┠ࡋࠊᚋࡣࠊ⎔ቃಖㆤࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕᾏࠖᑐࡍࡿᅜᐙࡢᶒࡸᶒⓗᶒࡢไ㝈ࡀ ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ண ࡋࡓ 1)ࠋ ࠉPSSA ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊIMO ࡀᑟࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ែ⣔ࡀ≉ู⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡉࢀࡿᾏᇦタᐃࡉࢀࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ⠊ᅖࡣࠊᙜึ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚ࠊ㡿ᾏࡸ᥋⥆Ỉᇦࠊᗈࡀࡗࡓ ࡋ࡚ࡶⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࡢ୍㒊␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࠉྠ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓⅬ࡛ࠊ ࠕබᾏࠖࡢ≉ูᾏᇦࡢタᐃࡣࠊࡑࢀ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥ࡋ࡚ࡣ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ PSSA ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ᅜࡢ㡿ᾏࡸⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜ ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿᶒ㸦ࡓ࠼ࡤ↓ᐖ㏻⯟ᶒࡸ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤࡞㸧ࡀᙜᐖࡉࢀࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊ ⏕ែ⣔ࡢ⬤ᙅᛶࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢไ⣙ࢆㄢࡍࡲࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᕤኵࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜ㐃 ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ᇶ࡙ࡃఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࠕᾏࠖࡢ⛛ᗎࡢ᰿ᖿࢆᦂࡿࡀࡍࡶࡢࡲ࡛ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ ࡓ 2)ࠋ ࠉࡋࡋࠊ᪥࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᾏࠖࡢ⛛ᗎࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࢆࡁ ࡃኚᐜࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢືࡁࡣࠊࡃࠕබᾏࠖࡢ㒊ศ࠾࠸ ࡚ぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ࠉ᪥࡛ࡶࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠕᾏࡢ᠇ἲࠖゝࢃࢀࡿࡇࢁࡢࠕᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࠖࡢୗ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛බ ᾏࡣ⮬⏤࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ཎ๎ࡀ㈏ࢀ㸦බᾏࡣࠊἢᓊᅜ࡛࠶ࡿෆ㝣ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࢆၥࢃࡎࠊࡍ ࡚ࡢᅜ㛤ᨺࡉࢀࡿ㸦87 ᮲㸧 㸧 ࠊ ྠ᮲⣙࠾࠸࡚⎔ቃಖㆤ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⯡つᐃࡣᏑࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸦192 ᮲㸧 ࠊᾏὒ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢࡓࡵබᾏ⏝ࡢ୍⯡ⓗไ㝈ࡸ⚗Ṇࡲ࡛┤᥋㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ᮲㡯ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞ ࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ᪉࡛ࠊබᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢᚲせᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࡣᚎࠎᙉࡲࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿ REFOs;Regional Fisheries Management Organizations㸧ࡸ ≉ᐃ㨶✀ࡢ㈨※⟶⌮㝈ᐃࡍࡿᙧᘧ࡛ࡢ᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃࡣ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀ ㈨※ಖᏑጤဨ㸦CCAMLR㸧 ࠊࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁಖᏑጤဨ㸦CCSBT㸧 ࠊᆅ୰ᾏ⁺ᴗ୍⯡ጤဨ 㸦GFCM㸧 ࠊ⡿⇕ᖏࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ㸦IATTC㸧 ࠊすすὒ⁺ᴗᶵ㛵㸦NAFO㸧 ࠊኴᖹὒ࠾ ࡅࡿ⁋Ἑᛶ㨶㢮ጤဨ㸦NPAFC㸧 ࠊ༡ᮾすὒ⁺ᴗᶵ㛵㸦SEAFO㸧 㸧 ࠊ୰す㒊ኴᖹὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤ ဨ㸦WCPFC㸧 ࠊ༡ࣥࢻὒ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ㸦SIOFA㸧 ࠊ࣮࣋ࣜࣥࢢබᾏ⁺ᴗ᮲⣙㸦CCBSP㸧 ࠊኴᖹ ὒ⁺ᴗጤဨ㸦NPFC㸧 ࠊ すὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ಖᏑጤဨ㸦ICCAT㸧 ࠊ ࣥࢻὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ㸦IOTC㸧 ࡞ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ≉ᐃ㨶✀ࡢಖᏑ⟶⌮ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ᆅᇦⓗ࡞㈨※⟶⌮ࡢᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ 3)ࠋ ࠉࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵ࡢ⟶⌮࡛ࡣ฿ᗏ༑ศࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡢࡣ୍ぢࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᪥࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࠖࡢୗࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞᮲⣙ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊࡇࡢ࠸ࢃࡤࠕἲࡢḞ ⨃ࠖ≧ែࢆᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ືࡁࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡘ࠸ᮏᖺ 2015 ᖺ 1 ᭶ᮏ᱁ࡋࡓ 4)ࠋ⌧Ⅼ࡛ ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢ㨶✀ࡸ㈨※㝈ᐃࡏࡎࠊᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※యࠊࡃࠊᾏὒ⏕≀㑇ఏ㈨※ࡲ࡛ࢆࡶྵ ࡴ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀὶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢព࡛ࡣࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢ㐃ᦠࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡿㄆ ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊಖㆤࡢ㔜せ࡞ᡭẁࡋ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸦MRAs; Marine Protected Areas㸧ࡢタ⨨ࡸࠊ✀ࠎࡢάືᑐࡍࡿ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯㸦EIA㸧 ࠊࡲࡓࡃ㑇ఏ ㈨※ࡢಖ⟶⌮ࡢⅬ࡛ࡑࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝┈ࡢඹ᭷࡞ࡘࡁ࠸ἲⓗᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢ ࠊὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕබᾏࠖᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡢኚࡣࠊ ࡼࡾ╔ᐇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᐇࠊ 2009 ᖺ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖᏑጤဨ㸦CCAMLR;Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚බᾏୖタᐃࡉࢀࡓᾏὒಖㆤ༊⥆ࡁࠊ2010 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 23 ᪥ 24 ᪥ࠊ ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢ࣋ࣝࢤ࡛ࣥ㛤ࢀࡓ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙ 㸦ᮾすὒᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤ᮲⣙㸧 ➨ 3 ᅇ㛶ྜ࡛ࡣࠊ6 ࡘࡶࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸦⥲㠃✚㸸28 5000km2㸧ࡢタ⨨ࡀබᾏୖ࡞ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ 5)ࠋࡶࡋᚋࠊᅜ㐃ࡀྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞᪉ྥ⯦ࢆྲྀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᾏὒἲࡢṔྐ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 ࡘ࡚࡞࠸⏬ᮇⓗ࡞ኚ㠉ࢆ⏕ࡴฟ᮶࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉ ࠕබᾏࠖ࠾ࡅࡿ㈨※⟶⌮ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ ࠉබᾏࡢ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࡢಖㆤ࣭⟶⌮ࢆᐃࡵࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠕᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ᮲⣙ࡣ 2001 ᖺⓎຠࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊබᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ⏕≀㈨※ಀ ࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢ㠃࡛ࠊ࠸࡞ࡿ㒊ศࡀ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉබᾏࡢ㈨※ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ῝ᾏᗏ㸦ࡍ࡚ࡢἢᓊᅜࡢ㝣Ჴࡢእഃ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࡶ ཬࡤ࡞࠸ᾏᗏཬࡧࡑࡢୗ㸧ࡢ㖔≀㈨※ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⾜Ⅽࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㛤Ⓨ⾜Ⅽࡽ⏕ࡌᚓࡿᾏὒởᰁ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡀ⮬ࡽヲ⣽࡞つᐃࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡃࠊ බᾏࡢ῝ᾏᗏࡢ㈨※ࡣࠊ ࠕே 㢮ඹྠࡢ㈈⏘㸦common heritage of mankind㸧 ࠖࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᅜ㝿ᾏᗏᶵᵓ㸦ISA㸧ࡢ チྍࡢୗ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸦ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙➨ 11 㒊ࡢᐇ༠ᐃ㸧 ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕ῝ᾏᗏ ࠾ࡅࡿάື㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᙜヱάືࡼࡾ⏕ࡎࡿ᭷ᐖ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡽࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ಖㆤࢆ☜ ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ᮲⣙ᇶ࡙ࡁᚲせ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆࡿࠋᶵᵓࡣࠊࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ≉ࠊḟࡢ㡯㛵ࡍ ࡿ㐺ᙜ࡞つ๎ཬࡧᡭ⥆ࢆ᥇ᢥࡍࡿࠋ 㸦a㸧ᾏὒ⎔ቃ㸦ἢᓊࢆྵࡴࠋ 㸧ࡢởᰁࡑࡢࡢ༴㝤ࡢ㜵Ṇࠊ ㍍ῶཬࡧつไ୪ࡧᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢ⏕ែᏛⓗᆒ⾮ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ㜵Ṇࠊ㍍ῶཬࡧつไࠋ≉ࠊ࣮࣎ ࣜࣥࢢࠊࡋࡹࢇࡏࡘࠊ᥀๐ࠊᗫᲠ≀ࡢฎศࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢάືಀࡿ⯡ࠊࣃࣉࣛࣥࡑࡢࡢ ⨨ࡢᘓタࠊ㐠⏝ཬࡧ⥔ᣢ➼ࡢάືࡼࡿ᭷ᐖ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡽࡢಖㆤࡢᚲせᛶᑐࡋ࡚≉ูࡢὀព ࡀᡶࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦E㸧 ῝ᾏᗏࡢኳ↛㈨※ࡢಖㆤཬࡧಖᏑ୪ࡧᾏὒ⎔ቃ࠾ࡅࡿ᳜ ≀┦ཬࡧື≀┦ᑐࡍࡿᦆᐖࡢ㜵Ṇࠖ 㸦 ᮲㸧ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ≉ูࡢつᐃ ࡶ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠉ᪉࡛ࠊ῝ᾏᗏ௨እࡢබᾏࡢ⏕≀㈨※ࡢሙྜࠊබᾏ㖔≀㈨※ࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヲ⣽࡞ᐇつ ᐃࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ1995 ᖺᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃࡢ⟇ᐃ⮳ࡗࡓ࠸࠺⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋణ ࡋࠊྠ༠ᐃࡣࠊࡑࡢṇᘧྡ⛠ࢆࠕศᕸ⠊ᅖࡀⓗ⤒῭ỈᇦࡢෆእᏑᅾࡍࡿ㨶㢮㈨※㸦ࢫ ࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶㢮㈨※㸧ཬࡧ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶ㨶㢮㈨※ࡢಖᏑཬࡧ⟶⌮㛵ࡍࡿ 1982 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 10 ᪥ ࡢᾏὒἲ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿㐃ྜ᮲⣙ࡢつᐃࡢᐇࡢࡓࡵࡢ༠ᐃ㸦Conservation and Management on Straddling Fish Stocks : The 1995 Implementation Agreement on High Seas Fishery㸧 ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ㨶✀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢫࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶✀㸦ࢱࣛࠊ࢝ࣞ ࡞㸧ཬࡧ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶࡢ㨶✀㸦࢝ࢶ࢜ࠊ࣐ࢢࣟ࡞㸧㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࠉ᪥࡛ࡣࠊࢫࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶✀ࡸ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶࡢ㨶✀㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡎࠊࡲࡓ๓グࡢ᮲⣙ࡀ⟶⌮ࡢ ᚲせᛶࡢ๓ᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᅜᐙࡢᶒⓗᶒࡀ⬣ࡉࢀࡿྰ ࠸࠺Ⅼࡣࢃࡾ࡞ࡃࠊබᾏୖ࠾ࡅࡿ⏕≀㈨※ࡢᯤῬࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡃ ࠊIUU㸦Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated㸦㐪ἲ࣭↓ሗ࿌࣭↓つไ㸧 㸧⁺ᴗࡀᶓ⾜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽࡣࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍᯤῬࡢᠱᛕࡣᙉࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏ㏆ᾏ࡛ࡶࠊ 㡑ᅜࡸࢱࡢ㐪ἲ⁺ᴗ᧯ᴗࡣⴭࡋࡃࠊᑐ⟇ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋIUU ⁺ᴗࡢ᧞⁛ࡢࡓࡵࠊ2010 ᖺ IUU ⁺ᴗࡼࡗ࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓỈ⏘≀ࡢᇦෆࡢ㍺ධࢆ⚗Ṇࡋࡓ EU6) ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜࢆ㐪ἲ⁺ᴗ ᅜࡋ࡚ᣦᐃࡍࡿࡋ࡚ᨵၿࢆồࡵ 7) ࡃࡇࢀࢆゎ㝖ࡋࡓ 8) ࠊࡲࡓࢱᑐࡋ࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢᥐ ⨨ࢆࡿ࡞ 9)ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᑐᛂࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ EU ࡢ IUU つไࡣ࡞ࡾࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏ ࡶࡲࡓࠊEU ࡢつไࡢ㛵㐃࡛ᑐᛂࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡓࠋ2012 ᖺࡣࠊ ࠕỈ⏘㈨※ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ⟶⌮ࡢ᥎㐍 ཬࡧ㐪⁺ᴗᑐ⟇ࡢᙉྥࡅࡓ᪥࣭EU 㛫ࡢ༠ຊ㛵ࡍࡿඹྠኌ᫂ࠖࡢ᥇ᢥ⮳ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ EU ࡣࠊIUU ⁺ᴗᑐ⟇ࡢᙉࡢࡓࡵࠊୡ⏺つᶍࡢ⁺⋓⬟ຊࡢ⟶⌮ࠊᐤ ᅜᥐ⨨ࡢ᥇ᢥᐇࡢ ಁ㐍ࠊࢺ࣮ࣞࢧࣅࣜࢸไᗘࡢᙉࡼࡿ IUU ⁺⋓≀ࡢὶ㏻㜵Ṇࠊࡢせᕷሙᅜ༠ຊࡋࠊ IUU ⁺ᴗᑐ⟇ᙉࠊ࡞࡛༠ຊࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ 10)ࠋලయⓗࡣࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࠊձ EU ㍺ฟࡍࡿ࡚ࡢỈ⏘〇ရࡘ࠸࡚ࠊṇᙜ⁺⋓ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⁺⯪ࡢᅜࡀド᫂ࡍࡿ ⁺⋓ド᫂᭩㸦እᅜ⏘ཎᩱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓຍᕤရࡢሙྜࡣࠊຍᕤド᫂᭩ࠋణࡋῐỈỈ⏘≀ࠊ㣴ṪỈ⏘ ≀ࠊ㈅㢮㸦࢝࢟ࠊ࣍ࢱࢸ࢞➼㸧 ࠊ2010 ᖺ㸯᭶㸯᪥ࡼࡾ๓⁺⋓ࡉࢀࡓỈ⏘≀➼ࡣᑐ㇟እ㸧ࡀ ⩏ົࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀᑐᛂࡋ࡚᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶᑐ㇟Ỉ⏘〇ရࢆᐃࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ㍺ฟࡋࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊỈ⏘ᗇ⏦ㄳࡋ࡚ணࡵ⁺⋓ド᫂᭩ཬࡧຍᕤド᫂᭩ࡢⓎ⤥ࢆཷࡅࠊ㍺ฟࡢ㝿ࡇࢀࢆ ῧࡍࡿࡇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 11)ࠋ ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡀᵝࠎ࡞ᒁ㠃࡛ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࢫࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶✀ ࡸ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶࡢ㨶✀㝈ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊໟᣓⓗᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※⯡ࡢಖㆤࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ᮲ ⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ 12)ࠋ ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ ࠉᅜ㐃⥲ࡣỴ㆟ 59/24 ࡢࣃࣛ 73 ࡛ࠊᅜᐙ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢᾏὒ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖཬࡧᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ ࡞⏝㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆウ㆟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸦the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓ 13)ࠋྠጤဨࡣࠊ2015 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 20 ᪥ ࡽ 23 ᪥ࡅ࡚ྜࢆ㛤ࡁࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡲࡵࠊ⥲ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ⮳ࡗࡓ 14)ࠋ᮲⣙ࡢ୰᰾ ࡞ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㡯ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡑࢀᑐࡍࡿ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡃ㔜せᛮࢃࢀࡿᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨ࡢၥ㢟ࠊ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᐇၥ㢟ࠊ᮲⣙ ࡢಖᑐ㇟࡞ࡿᾏὒ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢၥ㢟࡞ᑐࡍࡿ᪉ྥᛶࡘ࠸࡚↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛ࡢ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⠊ᅖࠊせ⣲ཬࡧᐇ⌧ᛶ ࠉྠሗ࿌᭩㸦A/69/780,Annex㸧ࡼࢀࡤࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢᾏὒ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ ࡞⏝ࡢࡓࡵໟᣓⓗ࡞ࣞࢪ࣮࣒ࡢᚲせᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓ㸦່࿌ I㸦d㸧 㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢࡓࡵᅜ㐃ᾏὒ ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 ἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡿ᮲⣙ࡣࠊἲⓗᣊ᮰ⓗ࡞ᩥ᭩࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡶྠጤဨࡋ ࡚Ỵᐃࡋࡓ᪨ࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸦ྠ㸦e㸧 㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊἲࡢḞ⨃㸦legal gap㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊ⌧⾜ࡢㅖ᮲⣙࡛ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡍࡿពぢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ἲࡢḞ⨃ࡀ࠶ ࡿࡢࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡲࡔワࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸㸦ࣃࣛ 17㸧 ࠋ ࠉࡇࡢⅬ࡛᭱ࡶㄝᚓⓗ࡞ぢゎࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊᅜᐙ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢᾏᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ ࢡࢭࢫࠊࡑࡇࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ┈ࡢඹ᭷㛵ࡍࡿἲไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠊࡢᣦ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸦ࣃࣛ 15) ᚑ࠸ࠊ 18㸧 ࠋጤဨࡢ୰ࡣࠊ ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙๓ᩥࡶゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㐃Ỵ㆟ 2749 㸦1970 ᖺ㸧 ࠕᅜࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࡢཬࡪ༊ᇦࡢቃ⏺ࡢእࡢᾏᗏཬࡧࡑࡢୗ୪ࡧࡑࡢ㈨※ࡀே㢮ࡢඹྠࡢ㈈⏘࡛࠶ ࡾࠊࡑࡢ᥈ᰝཬࡧ㛤Ⓨࡀᅜࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ࡞⨨ࡢ࠸ࢇࢃࡽࡎே㢮యࡢ┈ࡢࡓࡵ⾜ࢃ ࢀࡿࡇࠖࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ࠊከࡃࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣࡑࡇࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ┈ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡽඹ᭷ࡉ ࢀࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡃ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡿࡀࡲࡲ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡓࡵࡢἲᩚഛࡀᛴົ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡍࡿ㸦ྠ㸧 ࠋ ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢබᾏ࠾ࡅࡿタ⨨ ࠉጤဨ࡛ࡣබᾏୖᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ㸯ࡘࡢ≉Ⰽࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡀࠊ᪉࡛ࠊ࠸タ⨨ࡍࡿࠊタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡢᶒ⩏ົࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ ➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣワࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛බᾏୖᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࡋ࡚ ࡣࠊᆅᇦⓗ᮲⣙ࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࠊ༡ᴟࡢᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖᏑ㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙㸦Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources㸧ࡸ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙㸦ᮾすὒࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃ ಖㆤ᮲⣙㸦Convention for the Protection of the marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic㸧 㸧16) ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜ㝿࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ FAO ࡀ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࡢほⅬࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊ ⏕≀ከᵝᛶಖࠊࡃ⏕≀㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢಖ┈ࡢඹ᭷ࡢほⅬࡽἲⓗ㆟ㄽࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᴫほࡋࠊᚋࡢᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠉձ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖᏑ᮲⣙ ࠉྠ᮲⣙ࡢୗタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖᏑጤဨ㸦CCAMLR㸧ࡀᑟࡋࠊ2009 ᖺࠊ༡ ᴟᾏࡢබᾏୖࠊࢧ࢘ࢫ࣭࣮࢜ࢡࢽ࣮ㅖᓥ༡ࡢᾏᇦ⎔ቃಖㆤ༊ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦ࢧ࢘ࢫ࣭࣮࢜ࢡ ࢽ࣮ᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸧 ࠋྠಖㆤ༊ࡣࠊ94000km2 ࡶࡢᗈࡉࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ࢙࢘ࢵࢹࣝᾏỈሢࡢ㝈࢙࢘ࢵ ࢹࣝᾏࢫࢥࢩᾏࡢྜὶᇦࡢ༡㝈࠸࠺ࠊ 㸰ࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞እὒ⎔ቃࡀࡪࡘࡾྜ࠺༊ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵᾏὒ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡶ㇏࡛ࠊࢼࣥ࢟ࣙࢡ࣑࢜࢟ࡸࢹ࣮ࣜ࣌ࣥࢠࣥࡢ⏕ᜥᆅࡋ࡚ 㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᗏ⏕⏕≀⩌ࡀከࡃᏑࡍࡿࠋ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※᮲⣙ࡣࢼࣥ࢟ࣙࢡ࣑࢜࢟➼ࡢ㈨ ※⟶⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊྠᾏᇦࡢタᐃక࠸ࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ⁺⋓ࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡓࠊᾏᇦࡢቃ⏺㏆ ࡛ࡢᗫᲠ≀ࡢᢞᲠࡀつไࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓ⛉Ꮫㄪᰝࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ༠ຊయไᇶ࡙ࡁᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡍ ࡿࡼ࠺ᕤኵࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ 17)ࠋᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵ࡋ࡚ึࡵ࡚බᾏୖᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタᐃࡋࡓ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢព⩏ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉղ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙ ࠉ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙ࡣࠊᮾすὒࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ᮲⣙࡛ࠊಖㆤ㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣண㜵ཎ ๎ᇶ࡙ࡃࡇࢆ᫂☜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦2 ᮲ 2㸦a㸧 㸧 ࠋࡑࡢ๓ᥦ❧ࡕࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿព⩏ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ 㸦a㸧ே㛫άືࡼࡗ࡚ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ⿕ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ✀ࡸࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᜥᆅࠊ⏕ែ⣔యࢆಖㆤࡋࠊ ᅇࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ 㸦b㸧ண㜵ཎ๎ᚑ࠸ࠊ✀ࠊ⏕ᜥᆅࠊ⏕ែ⣔యᑐࡍࡿࢲ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࠊ 㸦c㸧 ᾏὒ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ✀ࠊ⏕ᜥᆅࠊ⏕ែ⣔యࢆ᭱ࡶࡼࡃ௦⾲ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞༊ᇦࢆಖㆤࡋಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 18)ࠋ ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪉㔪ᚑ࠸ࠊ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙ጤဨࡣࠊ2010 ᖺ 6 ࡘࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆࠊࡲࡓ 2012 ᖺࡉࡽ㏣ຍ࡛ 1 ࡘࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆබᾏୖタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㏣ຍศࡣୗグࡢ 㸦vii㸧 㸧19)ࠋࡑࢀ ࡽࡣࠊ 㸦i㸧 ࢳ࣮࣮࣭ࣕࣜࢠࣈࢬ༡ᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸦Charlie-Gibbs South MPAࠊ146,032 km²㸧 㸦ii㸧 ࣑ࣝࣥᾏᒣ」ྜయ㸦Milne Seamount Complex MPAࠊ20,914 km²㸧 㸦iii㸧ࢰࣞࢫㅖᓥබᾏࡢすὒ୰ኸᾏᕊ㸦Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of the Azores High Seas MPAࠊ93,570 km²㸧 㸦iv㸧 ࣝࢱࣝᾏᒣබᾏ㸦Altair Seamount High Seas MPAࠊ4,384 km²㸧 㸦v㸧 ࣥࢳࣝࢱࣝබᾏ㸦Antialtair High Seas MPAࠊ2,807 km²㸧 㸦vi㸧 ࢪࣙࢭࣇ࣮ࣥᾏᒣ」ྜయබᾏ㸦Josephine Seamount Complex High Seas MPAࠊ19,363 km²㸧 㸦vii㸧 ࢳ࣮࣮࣭ࣕࣜࢠࣈࢬᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸦Charlie-Gibbs North MPAࠊ177,700 km²㸧 ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࠼ࡤ 㸦i㸧ࡢࢳ࣮࣮࣭ࣕࣜࢠࣈࢬ༡ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢᾏᒣࡸᾏ ᗏࡢ᩿ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢほⅬࡽࡋ࡚ࡶಖㆤࡢᚲせᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿᾏ ᇦ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊWWF ࡢㄝ᫂ࡼࢀࡤࠊ ࠕᴟࡽ༡ịὒࡅ࡚ S Ꮠᆺ㉮ࡿ ᾏᕊ࡛ࠊࢫࣛࣥࢻࢰࣞࢫㅖᓥࡢ㛫ࡢබᾏࠖࢆ㊬࠸࡛࠾ࡾࠊ㧗ࡉ 3500 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ࠶ࡲࡾ ࡢᛴഴᩳࡢᕊࡀすὒࢆᮾすศࡅࠊ῝ᾏࢧࣥࢦ⩌㞟ࡸ㪒㢮ࠊ࣓࢝㢮ࡀ⏕ᜥࡋࠊࡉࡽࠊࡑ ࡢᕊࢆᶓษࡿࡼ࠺Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࢳ࣮࣮ࣕࣜࢠࣈࢫ᩿ᖏࡣ῝ࡉ 4,500 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡲ࡛ⴠࡕ㎸ࢇ࡛࠾ ࡾࠊ῝ᾏ⏕≀✀ࡀᛴᩳ㠃ἢ࠸ᅇ㐟ࡍࡿ၏୍ࡢ࣮ࣝࢺ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ20)ࠊࡾࢃࡅᕼᑡ࡞ᾏὒ ⎔ቃࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉճ FAO ཬࡧᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵 ࠉFAO ࡣࠊࡑࡢタ❧ᩥ᭩ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡋ࡚㣗⣊☜ಖࡢほⅬࡽࠊ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࡢ⟶⌮ࡢࡓࡵࡢ ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタᐃࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋFAO ࡢᑟࡢୗࠊᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠊNorth East Atlantic Fisheries Commission㸦NEAFC㸧 ࠊNorth West Atlantic Fisheries Organization㸦NAFO㸧 ࠊSouth East ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 Atlantic Fisheries Organization㸦SEAFO㸧ࠊGeneral Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean 㸦GFCM㸧 ࠊConservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources㸦CCAMLR㸧 ࠊSouthern Indian Ocean Deepsea Fishers̓Association㸦SIODFA㸧࡞ࡀබᾏୖᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ CCAMLR ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡍ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢࡢᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵࡛ࡶࠊྠᵝ⁺ᴗ ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢⅬࡽබᾏୖᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタᐃࡀ㐍ࡳࠊᙜヱ༊ᇦ࡛ࡢ⁺⋓ࡣ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 21)ࠋ ࠉմ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ ࠉ㏆ᖺࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡣᾏὒ⏕≀ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆྵࡴከᵝᛶࡢಖࡼࡾ✚ᴟⓗࡾฟࡋ ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୍ࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞ዎᶵࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ2010 ᖺྡྂᒇ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ COP10 ࡛ࠊឡ▱┠ ᶆ 11㸦Aichi Target 11㸧ࡋ࡚ࠕ2020 ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ⏕ែ⣔ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢࡓࡵ≉㔜 せ࡞༊ᇦࢆྵࡴἢᓊཬࡧᾏᇦࡢᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ 10 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࢆࠊಖㆤᆅᇦࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡸࡑࡢࡢຠ ᯝⓗ⟶⌮ࡼࡿಖࡍࡿࡇ㸦by 2020͐10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes㸧 ࠖ22) ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ู࡞༊ᇦࡣࡓࡔ༢ࠕಖㆤ༊ 㸦protected areas㸧 ࠖゝཬࡉࢀࠊ ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ┤᥋ࡢゝཬࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡣ ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢࡇࡢ༊ᇦࡢタᐃࢆ⪃៖ධࢀࡘࡘᵓࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆྵ ࡴಖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝┈ඹ᭷ࢆ๓ᥦࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡽࠊࣔࢹࣝࡋ࡚ࡶ㔜 せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࠉ᪥ᮏࡣࡇࡢឡ▱┠ᶆࡀ⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡍ࡛ 8.3 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࡀࠊྛ✀ἲᚊᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ⮬↛බᅬࠊ㫽⋇ಖㆤ༊ࠊಖㆤỈ㠃࠸ࡗࡓ✀ู ࡛ἢᓊᇦタᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶྠ┠ᶆࡢ㊃᪨ࢆᮏ᮶ⓗᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣゝ ࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡇࡢឡ▱┠ᶆ 11 ࡢ᥇ᢥࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ㡿ᾏࡸⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ ࡢ୰ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇࡢࡳࢆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊ⏕≀ ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡿணᐃࡢ᪂᮲⣙ゐࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ ࠺ࡢ๓ᥦ࡛ࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ⠊ᅖࡶタᐃྍ⬟࡞ࠕ⏕ែ⣔ࡲࡓࡣ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ㔜せ࡞ᾏ ᇦ㸦EBSA; ecologically or biologically significant areas㸧 ࠖࡢᴫᛕࢆタࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡇࡢᾏᇦࡢಖㆤ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ༊ᇦࡈྛࠎᚲせࡉࢀࡿಖࢆ⾜࠺ྠࡢಖㆤ༊ࡢ 㐃⥆ᛶࡶࡲࡓ㔜どࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡀゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࡛ࡣࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢ ᅾࡾ᪉ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᇶ♏ࢆ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡶゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ 23)ࠋ ࠉ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡣࠊࡇࡢ EBSA ࡢᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞ᩘ್┠ᶆࡸ⏕≀✀ࢆ≉ᐃࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊタᐃࡉࢀࡿ࠺ࡣᾏᇦ≧ἣࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡽ⥲ྜⓗุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⏕≀✀࠶ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕ᜥᇦࡋ࡚ᅛ᭷ᛶ࣭ᕼᑡᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠊ⤯⁛༴࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣῶᑡഴྥࡢ⏕≀✀ࡸ⏕ᜥᇦ ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠊே㛫άືࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡃཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸⎔ቃ࡛࠶ࡿࠊே㛫άືࡲࡓࡣ ⮬↛⌧㇟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸⏕≀✀⏕ᜥᇦࠊࡲࡓࡣᅇຊஈࡋ࠸⏕ែ⣔ࡀᏑࡍࡿࠊ⏕ែ ⣔ࠊ⏕ᜥᇦࠊ⏕≀⩌ࠊ⏕≀✀ࠊ㑇ఏᏊࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾࠸࡚ከᵝᛶࡀ࠶ࡿㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠊ࡞ࡀࡑ ࡢุ᩿ᇶ‽ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 24)ࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㐍ᒎ ࠉᅜ㐃ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊࡉࡽࡇࡢ᪂᮲⣙ྥࡅ࡚ࡢືࡁࢆ☜ᐇ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏᖺ 6 ᭶ࡣࠊᅜ ᐙ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢᾏὒ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖᏑཬࡧᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆウ㆟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣮࣡࢟ ࣥࢢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡽ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ 2 ᭶ࡢᥦゝࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ9 ᭶ࡢᅜ㐃⥲࡛ࠊ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃ㛵ࡍࡿ࣮ࣟ ࢻ࣐ࢵࣉసᡂࡘ࠸࡚ࡢỴ㆟᥇ᢥࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿぢ㎸ࡳࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡼࢀࡤࠊ2016 ᖺཪ ࡣ 2017 ᖺࡣࠊ᮲⣙ࡀసᡂࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊ⨫ྡࡢࡓࡵ㛤ᨺࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉࡓࡔࡋࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚ࠊෆᐜࡣワࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ㐍ᒎࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ༊ᇦูࣉ࣮ࣟ ࢳࡋ࡚ࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡀලయⓗ࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚᫂☜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࡇ 㸦measures such as area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments and capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology㸧ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ 25)ࠋ ண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ⛉Ꮫⓗ㈨※⟶⌮ ண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳせồࡉࢀࡿ୍ᐃࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ ࠉᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡀ᫂ᩥつᐃࡇࡑ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸦precautionary approach㸧ᇶ࡙ࡃࡇࡣࠊ୍⯡ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡢ᰿ᣐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ ༠ᐃ 6 ᮲ࡸ㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗᩥ᭩࡞ࡀࡽ 1995 ᖺࡢ FAO ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⁺ᴗࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືつ⠊࠾ࡅࡿつᐃ࡞ ࡢᏑᅾࡀᣦࡉࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ 6 ᮲ࡣࠊබᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖ ㆤཬࡧᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢಖࡢࡓࡵࠊࢫࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶㢮㈨※ཬࡧ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶ㨶㢮㈨※ࡢಖᏑࠊ⟶ ⌮ཬࡧ㛤Ⓨࡘ࠸࡚ண㜵ⓗྲྀ⤌᪉ἲࡢ㐺⏝㸦application of the precautionary approach㸧ࢆ᫂☜ ࡋ㸦6 ᮲ 1 㡯㸧 ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡶࠊሗࡀ☜ᐇࠊṇ☜ཪࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊ୍ᒙࡢὀ ពࢆᡶ࠺ࡶࡢࡍࡿࠋ༑ศ࡞⛉Ꮫⓗሗࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊಖᏑ⟶⌮ᥐ⨨ࢆࡿࡇࢆᘏ ᮇࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡋࠊཪࡣࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸦2 㡯㸧ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊFAO ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⁺ᴗࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືつ⠊࠾࠸࡚ࡶᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖࠊ⟶⌮ཬࡧ㛤Ⓨᑐࡋ࡚ண㜵 ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀᗈࡃ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡁࡇࡘ࠸࡚ྠᵝࡢつᐃࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸦States should apply the precautionary approach widely to conservation, management and exploitation of living aquatic resources in order to protect them and preserve the aquatic environment. The absence of adequate scientific information should not be used as a reason for postponing or failing to take conservation and ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 management measures㸦7.5.1㸧 㸧 ࠋ ࠉࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖ 㸦precautionary principle㸧ࡢ␗ ྠࡣᏛㄝୖࡶࡼࡃ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࡇ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡲ࡞࠾☜ᐃⓗ࡞ᅇ⟅ࡀぢ ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୧⪅ࡀ␗࡞ࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿ❧ሙࡽࡣࠊࡓ࠼ ࡤᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ 61 ᮲ 2 㡯࠾࠸࡚ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ⏕≀㈨※ࡢ㐺 ษ࡞ಖᏑᥐ⨨ཪࡣ⟶⌮ᥐ⨨ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ⥾⣙ᅜࡢ⩏ົࡘࡁࠊ ࠕධᡭࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ᭱Ⰻࡢ⛉ Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࡍࡿⅬࢆᣦࡋࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡣࠊண㜵ཎ๎❧⬮ࡍ ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࢆ⎔ቃᦆᐖࡢ㜵 ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡍࡿㄝࡶ࠶ࡿ 26)ࠋ☜ࠊ Ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືࢆྲྀࡽ࡞࠸⌮⏤ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖࡍࡿண㜵ཎ๎ࡢ⌮ᛕࢆཝ᱁ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ ⾜ືࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࢆせồࡍࡿ࠸࡞ࡿἲ⌮㸦ண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸧ࡶࠊண㜵ཎ๎ࡣ ␗࡞ࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖᑐࡍࡿཝᐦ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ᐃᘧࡢᚲせᛶࡣࠊ᪥ࡑࢀ ၥࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ ࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡼࡗ࡚ࠊఱࡀ㐪࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡶࠊ ᐇែࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࢀឤࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖ㛵ࡍࡿἲつ⠊ࡋ࡚ࡢᐃᘧࡘ ࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡞ ࠸࡚ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣᚎࠎⷧࢀ㸦័⩦ἲࡢ㆟ㄽࡶỿ㟼ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸧27)ࠊ ࡢᩥゝ⨨ࡁ࠼ࡽࢀࡘࡘࡶࠊᅜ㝿࣭ᅜෆࡢἲⓗㅖᩥ᭩ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢ୰᰾⌮ᛕ࡛࠶ ࡿࠊ ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࡢḞዴࠖࢆ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືࢆྲྀࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡢゝ࠸ヂࡋ࡞࠸࠸ ࠺Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙉᅛಖࡓࢀࡓࡲࡲࠊᗈ⠊⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠉࡋࡋࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᒁ㠃࡛ࠊࡑࡢࢽࣗࣥࢫࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡢ୍ࡘࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ⎔ቃᦆ ᐖࡀ⏕ࡎࡿ↛ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࡢ☜ᐇᛶࡢᗘྜ࠸㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ ࠸ࠋࡃᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢሙྜ࠾ࡅࡿࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡢሙྜࡣࠊಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືࢆ ࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿ๓ᥦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ␃ពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ุࡢືྥࢆぢ࡚ࡶ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྖἲⓗ࣭‽ྖ ἲⓗᶵ㛵ಀᒓࡋࡓ⣮தゎỴ࠾࠸࡚㈨※ಖࡢᚲせᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ୍ᐃࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡀ ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊᇳࡽࢀࡓලయⓗᥐ⨨ࡢṇᙜᛶࡸྜ⌮ ᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓ᮲⣙ୖṇᙜཪࡣྜ⌮ⓗࡉࢀᚓࡿᥐ⨨ྰࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ ᇶ‽ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ㜈್ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᭱⤊ⓗࡣ㛵ಀᙜᅜࡢ༠㆟࣭΅ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿࡁ 㡯ࡋ࡚ࠊᐇୖᐇయⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࡀᅇ㑊ࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉձࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁ௳㸦Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases㸦New Zealand v. Japan; Australia v. Japan㸧 , Provisional Measures㸧28) ࠉࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁ௳࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬యࡣ௰ุᡤࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࡀྰᐃࡉࢀࡓࡓ ࡵࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡘ࠸࡚ᮏࡋ࡚ࡢุ᩿ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡎࠊ ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ᚋ⪅ࡢᙧ㸦ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ΅㸧 බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ ࡛ࡢゎỴࡀಁࡉࢀࡓࠋ๓ᥖࡢࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁಖᏑጤဨ㸦CCSBT㸧ࡣࠊ ࠕࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁࡢಖᏑࡢ ࡓࡵࡢ᮲⣙ࠖᇶ࡙࠸࡚タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓጤဨ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁࡢ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢ௵ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ⥾⣙ᅜ㛫ࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁࡢ⏕ᜥ≧ἣಖᏑ㛵ࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞⪃࠼ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊࡃ ࠊࡼࡾ୍ᒙࡢಖᏑࡢᚲせᛶࢆᙇࡍࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ㈨※ࡣᅇഴྥ ࠶ࡾ㐣ᗘࡢಖᏑࡣᚲせ࡞࠸ࡢ๓ᥦࡢୗ⥲⁺⋓ྍ⬟㔞㸦TAC: Total Allowable Catch㸧ཬࡧ ᅜูᙜ㔞ࡢቑຍࢆồࡵࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ㛫࡛⁁ࡀᇙࡲࡽࡎࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝᤕ⋓㋃ࡳษࡗࡓ ࡓࡵࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡀᙜヱㄪᰝᤕ⋓ࡀᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙㐪ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ ࡘࡁྠ᮲⣙㝃ᒓ᭩Ϯᇶ࡙ࡃ௰ุᡤࡢุ᩿ࢆồࡵࠊࡲࡓ⁺⋓ࡢᕪࡋṆࡵࡢࡓࡵࡢᬻᐃ ᥐ⨨௧ࢆồࡵ࡚ᅜ㝿ᾏὒἲุᡤ㸦ITLOS㸧ᥦッࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᅜ㝿ᾏὒἲุᡤࡣ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻഃࡢᙇࢆㄆࡵࠊ᪥ᮏᑐࡋࠊᙜ㔞ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᤕ⋓ࢆᕪࡋ Ṇࡵࡿࡶࠊࡍ࡛ᐇࡋࡓㄪᰝᤕ⋓ࡼࡾ⁺⋓ᙜ㔞ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㒊ศࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊḟ ᖺᗘ௨㝆ࡢᙜ㔞ࡽᕪࡋᘬࡃ᪨ࡢᬻᐃᥐ⨨௧ࡀୗࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙㝃ᒓ᭩ Ϯᇶ࡙ࡃ௰ᡭ⥆ࢆ㏻ࡌࠊྠᬻᐃᥐ⨨௧ࡣ↓ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸦㝃ᒓ᭩Ϯᇶ࡙ࡃ ௰ุᡤࡣࡇࡢၥ㢟㛵ࡋ࡚⟶㎄ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᙇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸧 ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡳ ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁ㛵ࡍࡿಖᏑࡸㄪᰝᤕ⋓㛵ࡍࡿத࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛵ಀᙜᅜ㛫࡛ࡢ᭦࡞ࡿ΅ ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿࡁ㸦㛵ಀᙜᅜ㛫࡛ࡍ࡛⣮த㛵ࡍࡿ⁁ࡣ⊃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ࡚΅ࡼ ࡿゎỴࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡢゝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ㸦Arbitral Award in the Southern Bluefin Tuna Case㸦para.68-70.㸧 㸧29)ࠋᐇࠊ௨㝆ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⁺⋓ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡢၥ㢟ࡣ ⏕ࡌ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊ᪥ᮏࡣᖺࠎከࡃࡢ⁺⋓ࢆㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦13 ᖺ 2703 ࢺࣥࠊ14 ᖺ 3361ࠊ15 ᖺࡣ 4737 ࢺ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ㸧30)ࠋ ࠉղ༡ᴟᾏᤕ㪒௳㸦Whaling in the Antarctic㸦Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening㸧 㸧31) ࠉᮏ௳ࡣࠊ ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀࡽࢀࡓᥐ⨨ࢆṇᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢゝ࠸ᚓࡿࡢࠊ ᮲⣙ୖྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡋᚓࡿࡢࠊྖἲⓗุ᩿ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ ࣛࣜࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡣࠊᅜ㝿ᤕ㪒ྲྀ⥾᮲⣙ୖㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄪᰝᤕ㪒㸦8 ᮲ 1 㡯ࠊ⛉Ꮫ ⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚⥾⣙ᅜᨻᗓࡀ㐺ᙜㄆࡵࡿᩘࡢไ㝈ཬࡧࡢ᮲௳ᚑ࠸࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㪒ࡢᤕ ⋓࣭⿵ẅཬࡧฎ⌮㸧32) ࡘࡁ᪥ᮏࡢㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࡣ᮲⣙ࡢ㊃᪨ࢆ㐓⬺ࡋ㐪ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ ICJ ᥦ ッࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊICJ ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࡢṇᙜᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᮲⣙つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⛉Ꮫⓗ ◊✲ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ㸦for purposes of scientific research㸧ࡶࡢ࠺ࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿ࡍࡿࡇࢆồ ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ᭱⤊ⓗࠊุᡤࡣ JARPAII ࡀ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ゝ࠸ᚓࡿάືࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍⯡ⓗㄆࡵࡘࡘࡶࠊࡑࡢィ⏬ཬࡧᐇࡣࡑࡢᐇែࡽࡋ࡚ྜ┠ⓗⓗࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ ࡋ࡚㸦Taken as a whole, the Court considers that JARPA II involves activities that can broadly be characterized as scientific research (see paragraph 127 above), but that the evidence does not establish ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 that the programme̓ s design and implementation are reasonable in relation to achieving its stated objectives. The Court concludes that the special permits granted by Japan for the killing, taking and treating of whales in connection with JARPA II are not͆for purposes of scientific research͇pursuant to Article VIII, paragraph 1, of the Convention.㸦para.227㸧 㸧 ࠊྰᐃⓗ࡞ᅇ⟅ࢆࡋࠊ⤖ᯝ᪥ᮏࡣᩋッ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋICJ ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ➨ 2 ᮇㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࢆ 8 ᮲ 1 㡯ᇶ࡙ࡃࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ⓗࠖࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࡛࡞ࡗࡓุ᩿ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ 㸦a㸧ㄪᰝᮇ㛫ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣑ࣥࢡࢡࢪࣛ㸦6 ᖺ㸧ࢨࢺ࢘ࢡࢪࣛࡸ ࢼ࢞ࢫࢡࢪࣛ㸦12 ᖺ㸧ࡢ㛫┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢⅬࡘࡁ᪥ᮏࡀྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ ࡸ➨㸯ᮇ༡ᴟᾏ㪒㢮ᤕ⋓ㄪᰝ㸦JARPA㸦Japan̓ s Special Permit programme in the Antarctic㸧 㸧 ࡢ⤊ᚋࡑࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆᚅࡓࡎࡋ࡚➨ 2 ᮇ༡ᴟᾏ㪒㢮ᤕ⋓ㄪᰝ㸦JARPAII㸧ࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡇࠊ 㸦b㸧ィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓᤕ⋓ᩘࡢྜ⌮ᛶ㸦࠼ࡤ JARPAII ࡢሙྜ࣑ࣥࢡࢡࢪࣛࡀ 850 㢌࡛࠶ࡿ ࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࢨࢺ࢘ࢡࢪࣛࡸࢼ࢞ࢫࢡࢪࣛࡣ 50 㢌タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸧ࡸᐇ㝿ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓࢧࣥ ࣉࣝᩘࡢṇᙜ࡞ホ౯ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡇ㸦in the context of article VIII ͐ the evidence regarding the selection of a minimum sample size should allow one to understand why that sample size is reasonable in relation to achieving the programme̓ s objectives, when compared with other possible sample sizes that would require killing far fewer whales̓ 㸦para. 195㸧 㸧 ࠊ 㸦c㸧㠀⮴Ṛⓗ᪉ἲ࡛ࡢᤕ⋓ ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ㝿⏕ࡌࡓ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ᡂᯝ࠾ࡅࡿᝏᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ ࠊ 㸦d㸧ᐇᤕ⋓ᩘࡣࠊᙜึィ⏬ࢆࡣࡿୗᅇࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲┠ⓗࡀ㐩ᡂ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡘࡁྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ㸦ࢩ࣮ࢩ࢙ࣃ࣮ࢻ࡞ࡢ⎔ቃಖㆤᅋయࡢጉᐖ 㐼ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶィ⏬ᤕ⋓ᩘศࡢ㈓ⶶタࢆ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸⯪⯧࡛ࡢᤕ⋓άື ࡋ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓ࡞ࡢࡶ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸧 ࠊ࡞ࡢ⌮⏤ࡽ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠉุᡤࡣࠊJARPAII ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୰ṆࢆࡌࡿࡶࠊICRW8 ᮲ 1 㡯ᇶ࡙ࡃ௨㝆ࡢㄪᰝ ᤕ㪒ࡢᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡀᮏุỴࡢ㊃᪨ࢆᑛ㔜ࡋᐇࡍࡿࡼ࠺ゝࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࡣ ㄪᰝᤕ㪒⮬యࡢᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧 ࠊ࠸࡞ࡿㄪᰝᤕ㪒࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㐺ἲࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢලయⓗ࡞ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗࠖᇶ‽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝཬࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ 33)ࠋ ࠉ௨ୖࡢ 2 ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ཬࡧࡑࡢᆅᇦⓗ༠ᐃ➼ࡽᵓᡂࡉ ࢀࡿᾏὒἲ⛛ᗎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢᥐ⨨ࡀࡽࢀࡿ㝿ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊ ᐇࡢࡇࢁࠊ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘせồࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊᅜ㐃ࡀ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖ 㛵ࡍࡿ᪂᮲⣙ࡢሙྜࡶࠊ࠼ࡤࠊබᾏୖᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタᐃࡍࡿሙྜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸࡞ࡿ ᰿ᣐ࡛ಖࡢᚲせᛶࡀㄆࡉࢀࡿࠊ⥾⣙ᅜ㛫࡛ࡑࢀ㛵ࡋ࡚த࠸ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ࠺ࡍ ࡿ࡞ࡢࠊ⣮தฎ⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡶᚲ㡲࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉࡘࡲࡾࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᗘࠊ ࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡢ␗ྠࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿࠊࡶ ࡋࡑࢀࡽࡀ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࢆ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘせồࡍࡿྰ࠾࠸࡚␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ୧⪅ࡀྠࡌἲ⌮ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ ࡛࠶ࡿࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠊࡍࡿᏛㄝᏛࡪⅬࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᑡ࡞ࡃࡶබᾏ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࠊ࡞ࡾ ࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡀせồࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡢྜ⌮ᛶࡀ⢭ᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ┳㐣ࡉࢀ ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୧⪅ࢆྠ୍ࡢᴫᛕࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᪥ࠊ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢண 㜵ⓗ࡞᪉⟇ࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ≧ἣୗ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡀ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘせ ồࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ᪉⟇ࡢṇᙜᛶ࣭ྜ⌮ᛶࡀၥࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁ௳࠾࠸࡚௰ุᡤࡀ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᮏ᮶ⓗࡣࠊ୍ᐃࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖ ᇶ࡙ࡃᥐ⨨࡛࠶ࡿྰࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⁺⋓ᅜูᙜ㔞ࡸㄪᰝ⁺⋓㔞ࡀ࠸࡞ࡿỈ‽࡛࠶ࢀࡤ ṇᙜࡘྜ⌮ⓗࡳ࡞ࡉࢀᚓࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿᅜ㝿࣭ᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵ࡸ᮲⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡲࡎࡣࡑࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢᯟ⤌ࡳᇶ࡙ࡃᡭ⥆ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⥾⣙ᅜ㛫࡛༑ ศ࡞༠㆟ࢆࡋỴᐃࡍࡿࡁ㡯࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ᪉࡛ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࠾࠸࡚ྖἲⓗ ุ᩿ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀᚓ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༡ᴟᾏᤕ㪒௳ࡀ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘࡢ⛉Ꮫ ⓗ᰿ᣐࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࡢṇᙜᛶࡸྜ⌮ᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋణ ࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓṇᙜᛶࡸྜ⌮ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢุ᩿ࡀࠊ ࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖࡸࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖᇶ࡙ ࡁ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ༡ᴟᾏᤕ㪒௳ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊICJ ࡣࠊICJ ࡀุ᩿ࡍࡁ㡯ࡣࠊJARPAII ࡀ᮲⣙ 8 ᮲ 1 㡯ࡢୗⓎ⤥ࡉࢀࡿ≉ู チྍࡼࡿᤕ㪒ࡀࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࠖࡢㄪᰝᤕ㪒ゝ࠸ᚓࡿ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡘ࠸࡚ ࡢᅜ㝿♫ࡢ㆟ㄽ㸦㪒㢮ࡢಖᏑࡸᤕ㪒ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᅜ㝿♫࡛ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ㐪࠸ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ண㜵ཎ๎ࡸண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳಀࡿุ᩿ࢆྵពࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸧㋃ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ ࡢ❧ሙࢆ᫂☜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦The Court is aware that members of the international community hold divergent views about the appropriate policy towards whales and whaling, but it is not for the Court to settle these differences. The Court̓ s task is only to ascertain whether the special permits granted in relation to JARPA II fall within the scope of Article VIII, paragraph 1, of the ICRW㸦para.69㸧 㸧 ࠋࡋ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪉࡛ࠊุᐁࡢᑡᩘពぢࡢ୰ࡣࠊ᮲⣙ 8 ᮲ 1 㡯ᇶ࡙ࡃࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ ⓗࠖࡋࡓㄪᰝᤕ㪒࡛࠶ࡿྰࡢุ᩿㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊⓎ⤥ࡉࢀࡓ≉ูチྍࡢୗ࡞ࡉࢀࡓㄪᰝ ᤕ㪒ࡀண㜵ཎ๎ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢゝ࠸ᚓࡿྰࡀၥࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡍࡿぢゎࡶぢࡽ ࢀࡿࡇࡣᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦Even if the Court, in the present Judgment in the Whaling in the Antarctic case, has not seen it fit to pronounce on the principle of prevention and the precautionary principle, it is, in my view, significant that the contending parties, Australia and Japan, and the intervenor, New Zealand, have cared to refer to these principles, in general, in their arguments as to whether or not Japan̓ s whaling practices under Special Permits conform to them. Such principles are to inform and conform any programmes under Special Permits within the limited scope of Aticle VIII of the ICRW Convention. Furthermore, the principles of prevention and precaution appear interrelated in the present ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 case of Whaling in the Antarctic㸦para.70㸧34)㸧 ࠉࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊุỴ⌮⏤ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖཪࡣࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ᫂☜ゝཬࡋ࡞ ࡃࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᴫᛕࡀ⣮தᙜᅜࡢᙇ࠾࠸࡚ᣐࡾᡤࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓุỴࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ ᣐࠖࡢุ᩿ࡢᇶ♏ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ⏝ࡉࢀᚓࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ༑ศぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ࠉࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ୍ᐃࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ ࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖཪࡣࠕண㜵ⓗ ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡢ౫ᣐࡣࠊබᾏ⏕≀㈨※ಖࡢศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ᙜⅭ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢሙྜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖཪࡣࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࢆලయⓗᥐ⨨ࡀࡽࢀ ࡿࡁ⌮ᛕࡋ࡚༑ศά⏝ࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊఱࡽࡢලయⓗᥐ⨨ࡀࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ ᣐࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ồࡵࡽࢀࡿᗘྜ࠸ࡶྵࡵࠊ ࠸ᢸಖࡍࡿ㸦ᢸಖࡢࡓࡵࡢไᗘࢆᩚ࠼ࡿ㸧 ࠊ ࡇࢀࡀࠊᮏ᮲⣙ࡢᡂຌࡢࡓࡵ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࠉ ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗࠖ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢⅬࡽࠊᗘࠊᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࡲࡔヲ ⣽࡞㆟ㄽࡣワࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊබᾏࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡗ࡚ࠊᾏὒἲྐୖ⏬ᮇⓗ ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢタ⨨࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸࡞ࡿᇶ‽ࢆ‶ࡓࡏࡤᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨ࡀㄆࡵࡽ ࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡶࡲࡔ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 35)ࠋࠉ ࠉࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖ௨እࡢᡭἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠺ࠋ ࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖᇶ࡙ࡁࠊᅜ㐃 ᪂᮲⣙ࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗࠖ㈨※⟶⌮ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿᡭἲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊEIA ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᰕ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ ࡶࠊEIA ࡣ᪥ࡲ࡛⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᡭἲࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿♫࡛☜❧ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿάື㛵ࡍࡿ EIA ࡶࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨ࡼࡾࡣࡿ controversial ࡛࡞࠸ᡭἲ ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋࡇࡢⅬࡘࡁࠊḟ⠇࡛ᣦࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿάື㛵ࡍࡿ (,$ ࡢ⌧⾜ㅖไᗘᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ ࠉᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡣࠊ ࠕ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡶࠊ⮬ᅜࡢ⟶㎄ཪࡣ⟶ᇙࡢୗ࠾ࡅࡿィ⏬୰ࡢάࡀᐇ ㉁ⓗ࡞ᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢởᰁཪࡣᾏὒ⎔ቃᑐࡍࡿ㔜ࡘ᭷ᐖ࡞ኚࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿಙ ࡎࡿ㊊ࡾࡿྜ⌮ⓗ࡞⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊᙜヱάືࡀᾏὒ⎔ቃཬࡰࡍ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆᐇ⾜ ྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾホ౯ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋࠖ 㸦206 ᮲㸧ࡋ࡚ࠊ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺୍⯡ⓗ⩏ົࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ つᐃࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞つᐃ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ ࡓࡵࠊᅜᐙࡣᆅᇦⓗ༠ᐃ࠾࠸࡚⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡀᐃࡵࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᚲ↛ⓗࡑࢀࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇ ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ༊ᇦࡈࡢᐇ␃ࡲࡾࠊయࡋ࡚⤫୍ᛶࡀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ᪉࡛ࠊ๓㏙ࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢሙྜẚࢀࡤࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵᵝࠎ ࡞άື㛵ࡋ࡚⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᐇࡀᚲせࡔࡢㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࡍ࡛ᅜ㝿♫࡛㔊ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡲࡓホ౯ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚⛉Ꮫᛶࡶᢸಖࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ព࠾࠸࡚ࠊண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳᇶ ࡙ࡃ㈨※⟶⌮ࡗ࡚ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᡭἲ࡞ࡾᚓࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉࡓ࠼ࡤࠊᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ⁺⋓ࡑࡢࡢே㛫ࡢάືཬࡧ⎔ቃせᅉࡀࠊ⁺⋓ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ ᑐ㇟㈨※ཬࡧ⁺⋓ᑐ㇟㈨※ྠ୍ࡢ⏕ែ⣔ᒓࡍࡿ✀ཪࡣ⁺⋓ᑐ㇟㈨※㛵㐃ࡋࠊⱝࡋࡃࡣ౫ Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ✀ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࠖ 㸦5 ᮲㸦d㸧 㸧ᐃࡵࠊࡈࡃ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢ⎔ቃ ᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋFAO ࡢ 1995 ᖺ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⁺ᴗࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືつ⠊㸦Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries㸧ࡀ㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗᩥ᭩࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢไᗘࢆ⿵ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ ᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋFAO ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋ 2003 ᖺ FAO Technical Guidelines on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries36) ࢆ᥇ᢥࡋ࡚ࠊ⁺ᴗ㛵ࡋ࡚⏕ែ⣔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆࡿࡇࡢព⩏ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡶࠊ ᐇົୖᚲせ࡞࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆᩚഛࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ2009 ᖺࡣࠊ῝ᾏᗏࡢ⁺ᴗ㛵ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻࣛ ࣥࡶᩚഛࡋࠊ⬤ᙅ࡞ᾏὒ⏕ែ⣔㸦vulnerable marine ecosystems㸦VMEs㸧 㸧㔜࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㜵Ṇᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡎࡿࡇࢆせㄳࡋࡓ 37)ࠋ ࠉࡲࡓࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙㸦CBD㸦Convention on Biological Diversity㸧 㸧ࡣࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡣࠕ⏕≀ࡢ ከᵝᛶࡢⴭࡋ࠸ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆᅇ㑊ࡋཪࡣ᭱ᑠࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠾ࡑࢀࡢ࠶ࡿ ᙜヱ⥾⣙ᅜࡢᴗィ⏬ᑐࡍࡿ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆᐃࡵࡿ㐺ᙜ࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆᑟධࠖ 㸦14 ᮲㸧ࡍࡿ ࡋ୍࡚⯡ⓗ࡞⩏ົࢆᐃࡵࡿࡶࠊEIA ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ⟇ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 38)ࠋࡑࢀ ࡼࢀࡤࠊEIA ࡣࠊ ࠕィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸ㛤Ⓨࡢ㉳ࡇࡾᚓࡿ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࣉ ࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࠊ♫⤒῭ⓗࠊᩥⓗཬࡧே㛫ࡢᗣᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡀྵࡲࢀࠊዲ ᙳ㡪ᝏᙳ㡪ࡢ୧᪉ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢࡍࡿ㸦a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse㸧ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࣃࣛ 5㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢࣉࣟ ࢭࢫࡣࠊEIA ࢆᐇࡍࡿྰ㛵ࡍࡿ㑅ูࠊᐇࡢ⠊ᅖࡢ☜ᐃࠊබ⾗ཧຍᇶ࡙ࡃᙳ㡪ホ ౯᭩ࡢసᡂࠊࡑࢀᇶ࡙ࡁィ⏬ࢆᐇࡍࡿྰࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᨻ⟇Ỵᐃࠊᐇᚋࡢࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ ホ౯ࠊ ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡿ㸦ࣃࣛ 5㸦a㸧௨ୗ㸧 ࠋ2006 ᖺసᡂࡉࢀࡓ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡣࠊ 2009 ᖺ࣮࣡ ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ࠾ࡅࡿᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ༊ᇦ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡸࠊࡲࡓ 2010 ᖺ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓឡ ▱┠ᶆ 6㸦2020 ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ㨶㢮↓⬨᳝ື≀ࡢ㈨※ཬࡧỈ⏕᳜≀ࡀᣢ⥆ⓗࡘἲᚊ ἢࡗ࡚ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡘ⏕ែ⣔ࢆᇶ┙ࡍࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ࡚⟶⌮ࠊ✭ࡉࢀࠊ ࣭࣭࣭⤯⁛ ༴✀ࡸ⬤ᙅ࡞⏕ែ⣔ᑐࡍࡿ⁺ᴗࡢ῝้࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࡞ࡃࡋࠊ㈨※ࠊ✀ࠊ⏕ែ⣔ࡢ⁺ᴗࡢᙳ㡪 ࡀ⏕ែᏛⓗᏳ࡞⠊ᅖෆᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸧39) ࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ2012 ᖺṇᘧ᥇ᢥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 40)ࠋ ࠉྠ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡼࢀࡤࠊCBD ࡣᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖࡢࡓࡵィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࡈࡢࣞ࣋ ࣝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸦ࡇࢀࡀ EIA ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧 ࠊࡶࡗໟᣓⓗ࡞ほⅬࡽࠊࡼࡾࡁ࡞ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸィ ⏬ࡢẁ㝵ࡽ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸィ⏬ࡢᐇࢆᨻ⟇Ỵᐃࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡃᡓ␎ⓗ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯㸦SEA㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡶᛕ㢌⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡃබᾏ࠾ࡅࡿಶࠎࡢ άື࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ࡢ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡁࠊ㔜せ࡞ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࠉࡋࡋࠊCBD ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ⮬యࡶࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ༊ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡿ EIA ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 ࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ෆ␃ࡲࡿ EIA ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᐇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿⅬࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ྠ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡀᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ acquisition of better knowledge on marine ecosystems beyond national jurisdiction͐on how those ecosystems have responded to past human impacts and natural forces, and how effective mitigation measures have been when they have been applied ࡞ࡀᚋࡢ ἲไᗘࡢᩚഛࡢࡓࡵᛴົ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࠾ࢃࡾ ࠉᅜ㐃ࡀᑟࡋࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆྵࡴᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢໟᣓⓗ࡞ಖㆤࢆ┠ⓗ ࡍࡿ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃࡀ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼ⌧ᐇࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ⌧ẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᮲⣙ࡢἲⓗ࡞ᵓᡂ ࡣᩚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢព࡛ࡣࠊ᮲⣙ࡢ᥇ᢥࡢ㐨ࡢࡾࡣࡃ➃⥴ࡘ࠸ࡓࡤࡾゝ࠼ ࡿࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ᪉࡛ࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢᛴ㏿࡞ᝏࡣ☜ᐇ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㝣ୖ㉳ᅉࡢ ởᰁࠊ⯪⯧㉳ᅉࡢởᰁ࡞ࠊởᰁ※ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣࠊἢᓊᅜ⟶㎄ᶒࡸ ᅜ⩏࡞ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿ἲࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡶᑐᛂࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ᪥ࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃ ᝏࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂ࡛ࡣ฿ᗏᑐฎࡋࡁࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡶゝཬࡋࡓ IUU ⁺ᴗࡢ ᶓ⾜ࢆྵࡳࠊேⓗ࡞ཎᅉࡼࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢᝏࡸࠊᆅ⌫ ᬮࡢ㐍⾜ࡼࡾᾏỈࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ ᚑ᮶ࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ⏕ࡎࡿ࡞ࡢ⮬↛⏤᮶ࡢཎᅉࡀࡇࡢࡇ῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ ࢀࡽࡣࠊᾏࡢ⏝㛵ࡍࡿఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿ᾏὒἲࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㡿ᾏࠊⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࠊ බᾏࠊ㝣Ჴࠊ῝ᾏᗏ࡞࠸ࡗࡓἲⓗ༊ศࢆ㍍ࠎ㉸࠼࡚ࠊ༊ู࡞ࡃᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⚾ ࡓࡕṧࡉࢀࡓ㏵ࡣࠊᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃࢆᑡࡋ࡛ᅇࡉࡏࠊࡲࡓࠊࡲࡔᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཷ ࡅࡎṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࡞ᙧ࡛ಖࡋࠊ≧ἣᛂࡌ୍࡚ᐃ⛬ᗘࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ ᣐᇶ࡙ࡁᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝⏝ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ┈ࡢ⾮ᖹ࡞㓄ศࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉࡃࠊᗘࡢ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ║࡞ࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタᐃࡸࠊ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᐇ ࠊᾏὒ⏕≀ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ⏝⏝ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ┈ࡢඹ᭷࡞ࢆ࠸ἲⓗᵓᡂࡍࡿ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡶᴫほࡋࡓࠊᆅᇦⓗࡍ࡛タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㅖไᗘࡸࠊᅜ㐃ㅖᶵ㛵ࠊࡃࠊ FAO ࡢ⁺ᴗ㈨※ᑐࡍࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࢳཬࡧ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡼࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀཧ⪃࡞ࡿᛮ ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᾏᇦࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ༑ศⓎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊᑡࡋ⣔⤫ࡀ㐪࠺ࡀࠊPSSA ࡢไᗘᏛࡪࡇࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋู✏࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺ࠊPSSA ࡢタ⨨ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㝿ࡣࠊ ࠕ㛵 㐃ಖㆤᥐ⨨ࠖゝࢃࢀࡿࠊලయⓗ࡞つไ⟶⌮ࡢᥐ⨨ࡀྲྀࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪉࡛ࠊ༡ᴟ⏕≀㈨※ಖㆤ᮲ ⣙ࡸ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙ࡀタᐃࡋࡓබᾏୖࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡓ࠼ࡤ⚗⁺࡞ࡢつไ ࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢලయⓗࡢࡼ࠺࡞つไ⟶⌮ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ㐺ษࠊࡲࡓࡑ ࡢຠᯝࡣ࠸ࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࡉࢀ᳨ドࡉࢀࡿࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡘ࠸࡚༑ศไᗘࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ ࠸ࡢࡀᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢ EBSA ࡶタᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ‽ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ タᐃᚋࠊ࠸࡞ࡿつไ⟶⌮ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠸᳨ドࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡲࡔᑐᛂࡀ ᐃࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊබᾏୖࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢࡶࡢࡸࡍ࡛࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘィ ⏬ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡉ࠼ࡶࠊࡲࡔࡲࡔⓎᒎ㏵ୖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀᮏᙜࡢࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※⟶⌮㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡰࠕ↓ἲᆅᖏ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓබᾏ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛㸦ಖㆤ༊ࡋ࡚タᐃࡉࢀࡓ༊ᇦෆ࠸࠺㝈⏺ࡣ࠶ࡿ ࡏࡼ㸧ࡈಖࡋࠊ㛤Ⓨάືࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆᐇࡋࠊࡑࡢ㈨※ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣே㢮 ඹྠࡢ㈈⏘ࡋ࡚⾮ᖹ࡞⏝ࢆᅗࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡘࡁࠊᣊ᮰ຊࡢ࠶ࡿᅜ㝿᮲⣙ࡢᙧ࡛⟇ᐃࡉࢀ ࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢಖࡗ࡚ࠊṔྐⓗ࡞➨୍Ṍ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࠉ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢไᗘࡢ㛵㐃࡛ࠊ㔜」ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺タィࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶᚲせ࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᐇࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖࡢほⅬࡽᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖࡢࡓࡵࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ⟇ᐃྲྀࡾ⤌ ࡶ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ CBD ࡶࠊࡇࡢ CBD ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛᥇ᢥࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡇࢆ᫂☜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ㝿ἲࡢศ᩿ࡢၥ㢟ࡀᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡽࠊ᮲⣙⟇ᐃ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊணࡵࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢㅖ᮲⣙ࡢ㔜」ࡸゐࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡢᕤኵࡀ ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≧ἣࡣࡔ࠸ࡪᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃ㝿ࡋ࡚ ࡶࠊࡇࡢⅬࠊ༑ศㄪᩚࢆᅗࡾࡘࡘࠊᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ᪩ࡃᐇ⌧₈ࡂࡃࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ ὀ 1) 2) ▼ᶫ 2007. ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢἢᓊᇦࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃಖࡢࡓࡵタᐃࡉࢀࡓࢺࣞࢫᾏᓙ PSSA ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᙉ ไỈඛෆ࡞⯟⾜ࡢไ㝈㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ▼ᶫ 2007. 3) ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢಖᏑ⟶⌮ࡢᑐ㇟㈨※ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖᏑጤဨ㸦CCAMLRࠊ 1982 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣓ࣟࠊ࣑࢜࢟㸧ࠊࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁಖᏑጤဨ㸦CCSBTࠊ1994 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣑ࢼ࣑࣐ࢢࣟ㸧ࠊᆅ୰ᾏ⁺ᴗ୍⯡ጤဨ㸦GFCMࠊ1952 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊࢡ࣐ࣟࢢ ࣟ㸧ࠊ⡿⇕ᖏࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ㸦IATTCࠊ1950 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣓ࣂࢳࠊ࢟ࣁࢲ㸧すすὒ⁺ ᴗᶵ㛵㸦NAFOࠊ1970 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࢝ࣛࢫ࢞ࣞࠊ࢝࢘࢜㸧 ࠊኴᖹὒ࠾ࡅࡿ⁋Ἑᛶ㨶 㢮ጤဨ㸦NPAFCࠊ1993 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊࢧࢣ࣭࣐ࢫ㸧༡ᮾすὒ⁺ᴗᶵ㛵㸦SEAFOࠊ2003 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣓ࣟࠊ࣐ࣝࢬ࣡࢞ࢽ㸧 ࠊ୰す㒊ኴᖹὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ㸦WCPFCࠊ2004 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾ ⣙ᅜࠊࢡ࣐ࣟࢢࣟࠊ࣓ࣂࢳࠊ࢟ࣁࢲ㸧 ࠊ༡ࣥࢻὒ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ㸦SIOFAࠊ2012 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ ࣓࢟ࣥࢲࠊ࣓ࣟ㸧 ࠊ࣮࣋ࣜࣥࢢබᾏ⁺ᴗ᮲⣙㸦CCBSPࠊ1995 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊࢫࢣࢺ࢘ࢲࣛ㸧 ࠊ ኴᖹὒ⁺ᴗጤဨ㸦NPFCࠊ᮲⣙ᮍⓎຠ㸦2015 ᖺ 5 ᭶Ⅼ㸧ࠊᗏ㨶㸧 ࠊすὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ಖᏑጤဨ㸦ICCATࠊ 1969 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊࢡ࣐ࣟࢢࣟࠊ࣓ࣂࢳ㸧 ࠊࣥࢻὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ㸦IOTCࠊ1996 ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣓ࣂࢳࠊ࢟ࣁࢲ㸧 4) Greenpeace, 26 January 2015,͆Major breakthrough for Ocean Lovers: UN takes landmark step towards high seas biodiversity agreement,͇available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/supportocean-sanctuaries/blog/51956/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=post&utm_term=UN,#oceanlovers&utm_ campaign=Oceans&__surl__=IgeIu&__ots__=1422429012405&__step__=1. 5) ᅜ❧⎔ቃ◊✲ᡤࠊ2010 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࠊavailable at: http://tenbou.nies.go.jp/news/fnews/detail.php?i=4358. ࡑࡢ ᚋࠊ2012 ᖺࡉࡽ 1 ࡘ㏣ຍࡉࢀࠊ7 ࡘ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋOSPAR Decision 2012/1 on the establishment of the Charlie-Gibbs North High Seas Marine Protected Area, available at: http://www.ospar.org/v_measures/browse.asp? ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 menu=00510416000000_000000_000000. 6) IUU ⁺ᴗࢆ㉳※ࡍࡿỈ⏘≀ࡀ EU ᇦෆධᇦࡍࡿࡇࢆ㜵ṆࠊᢚṆཬࡧᗫ⤯ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࠊ2008 ᖺ 9 ᭶ Ḣ ᕞ 㐃 ྜ㸦 㹃 㹓 㸧 ⌮ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ᥇ ᢥ ࡉ ࢀࠊ2010 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 㸯 ᪥ 㠃 ⓗ ⾜ࠋCOUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 1005/2008 of 29 September 2008, establishing a Community system to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, amending Regulations (EEC) No 2847/93, (EC) No 1936/2001 and (EC) No 601/2004 and repealing Regulations (EC) No 1093/94 and (EC) No 1447/1999, available at: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:286:0001:0032:EN:PDF. 7) ୰ኸ᪥ሗࠊ2013 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࠊࠕ㹃㹓ࠗ㡑ᅜࠊ㐪ἲ⁺ᴗᅜணഛᣦᐃ࠘ ࠖࠊavailable at: http://japanese.joins. com/article/756/178756.html. ṇᘧᣦᐃࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊỈ⏘≀ࡢ EU ᇦෆࡢ⚗㍺ᥐ⨨ࡀྲྀࡽࢀࡿࠋ 8) 9) ୰ኸ᪥ሗࠊ2015 ᖺ 04 ᭶ 22 ᪥ࠊavailable at: http://japanese.joins.com/article/345/199345.html. Newsclip,ࠕࠗ ᨵ ၿ ࡞ ࡅ ࢀ ࡤ 㸴 ࢝ ᭶ ᚋ ⚗ ㍺ ࠘ 㹃 㹓ࠊ 㐪 ἲ ⁺ ᴗ ࡛ ࢱ ㆙ ࿌ ࠖ ࠊavailable at: http://www. newsclip.be/article/2015/04/23/25462.html. 10) Fisheries Agency, available at: http://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/j/press/kokusai/120711.html. See also, Joint Statement, available at: http://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/j/press/kokusai/pdf/120711-01.pdf. 11) ࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶᐇ㝿ࡋ࡚ࡢΰࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊつไࡢせ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿ⁺⋓ド ᫂᭩ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ➨୕ᅜྥࡅࡢỈ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍ⓗ EU ᇦෆ࡛ಖ⟶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ ሙྜࠊ⁺⋓ド᫂᭩ࡢᥦฟࡀᚲせၥ㢟ࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏྥࡅ㌿㍕Ỉ⏘≀ࡢሙྜࠊ᭱ ⤊ⓗド᫂᭩ࡢᥦฟࡣせࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊ ᪉࡛ࠕ➨୕ᅜྥࡅࠖࡍࢀࡤࠊEU ᇦෆ IUU ⁺ᴗࡼࡗ ࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓỈ⏘≀ࡢᣢࡕ㎸ࡳࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡇࡶࡲࡓ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ EU ࡢつไࡀᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 2009 ᖺ௨๓ࡢỈ⏘≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᇦෆỈ⏘≀ࡀᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶᣔ࠸ཤࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ ࡋࡓࡇࡽࠊᮏไᗘࡼࡗ࡚ IUU ⁺ᴗࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࠊ㈨※ಖࢆᅗࡿ࠸࠺ᡭἲࡣࠊ࡞ࡾࡢ㝈⏺ࡀ ࠶ࡿࡇࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ 12) Inter Press Service,͆Final Push to Launch U.N. Negotiations on High Seas Treaty,͇available at: http://www. ipsnews.net/2015/01/final-push-to-launch-u-n-negotiations-on-high-seas-treaty/. 13) A/RES/59/24, available at: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N04/477/64/PDF/N0447764. pdf?OpenElement. ࡑ ࡢ ௵ ົ ࡣࠊ 㸦a㸧To survey the past and present activities of the United Nations and other relevant international organizations with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction;㸦b㸧To examine the scientific, technical, economic, legal, environmental, socioeconomic and other aspects of these issues;㸦c㸧To identify key issues and questions where more detailed background studies would facilitate consideration by States of these issues;㸦d㸧To indicate, where appropriate, possible options and approaches to promote international cooperation and coordination for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction; ࡉࢀࡓ㸦para. 73㸧ࠋ 14) A/69/780, Annex,͆Outcome of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction and Co-Chairs̓ summary of discussions,͇available at: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/780. 15) A/RES/25/2749,͆Declaration of Principles Governing the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction,͇available at: http://www.un-documents.net/a25r2749.htm. 16) Available at: http://www.ospar.org/html_documents/ospar/html/ospar_convention_e_updated_text_2007.pdf. 17) FOE, available at: http://www.foejapan.org/climate/antarctica/ccamlr_2012.html. 18) OSPAR Commission, available at: http://www.ospar.org/content/content.asp?menu=00700302210000_000000_000000.͆2012 Status Report on the OSPAR Network of Marine Protected Areas,͇available at: http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/ publications/p00618/p00618_2012_mpa_status%20report.pdf. 19) OSPAR Commission,͆2012 Status Report on the OSPAR Network of Marine Protected Areas,͇ibid. See also, OSPAR Decision 2012/1 on the establishment of the Charlie-Gibbs North High Seas Marine Protected Area, supra note 5. බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ 20) WWF, available at: http://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/2010/06/835708.html. 21) FAO, available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/16204/en. 22) ⎔ቃ┬ࠊavailable at: http://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/about/aichi_targets/index_03.html. ࡼࡾ➃ⓗゝ࠼ࡤࠊ 10 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡢᾏᇦࢆࠕಖㆤ༊ࠖࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊຠᯝⓗಖࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋSee also, CBD, Aichi Biodiversity Targets, available at: https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/#GoalC. 23) COP 9 Decision IX/20, available at: https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=11663. 24) ᅜ ❧ ⎔ ቃ ◊ ✲ ᡤ ⏕ ≀࣭ ⏕ ែ ⣔ ⎔ ቃ ◊ ✲ ࢭ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ࠊavailable at: http://www.ows-npo.org/member/backno/ tokushu55forWeb.pdf. 25) UN Marine Biodiversity Treaty resolution,23 Jun 2015,͆A landmark resolution has been adopted by a consensus of UN member states, to develop a legally-bin-ding treaty for the conservation of marine life beyond national territorial waters – that area of the ocean shared by all,͇available at: http://www.worldfishing.net/news101/industry-news/ un-marine-biodiversity-treaty-resolution. See also, UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea,͆Marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction Legal and policy framework,͇available at: http://www. un.org/depts/los/biodiversityworkinggroup/webpage_legal%20and%20policy.pdf. 26) ᯇ 2010, p.110. 27) ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ ័⩦ἲࡢ㆟ㄽࡀࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ 2011 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥ฟࡉࢀࡓࠕᅜ 㝿ᾏᗏᶵᵓ㸦ISA㸧⌮ࡽࡢせㄳᇶ࡙ࡁ῝ᾏᗏ࠾ࡅࡿ᥈ᰝάືࢆ⾜࠺ಶேཬࡧᅋయࢆಖドࡍࡿᅜ ᐙࡢ㈐௵ཬࡧ⩏ົ㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ⓗពぢࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠊITLOS ᾏᗏ⣮தุ㒊ࡣࠊண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀᅜ㝿័⩦ ἲࡢ୍㒊࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿഴྥ㸦a trend towards making this approach part of customary international law 㸧ࡘ ࡁᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋResponsibilities and Obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area㸦advisory Opinion㸧 , para.135, available at: https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_ no_17/17_adv_op_010211_en.pdf. 28) ITLOS, 27 August 1999, Order, available at: https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_3_4/ Order.27.08.99.E.pd. 29) Reports of International Arbitral Awards, available at: http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXIII/1-57.pdf. 30) ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ࠊ2013 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 17 ᪥ࠊࠕ࣑ࢼ࣑࣐ࢢࣟ⁺⋓ᯟࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ㸲ቑࠉ15 㹼 17 ᖺࠖࠊavailable at: http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASFS1704Y_X11C13A0EE8000/. 31) ICJ, Judgement, 31 March 2014, available at: http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/148/18136.pdf. 32) ࡇࡢ᮲⣙ࡢつᐃࢃࡽࡎࠊ⥾⣙ᨻᗓࡣࠊྠᨻᗓࡀ㐺ᙜㄆࡵࡿᩘࡢไ㝈ཬࡧࡢ᮲௳ᚑࡗ࡚⮬ᅜẸ ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡀ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚㪒ࢆᤕ⋓ࡋࠊẅࡋࠊཬࡧฎ⌮ࡍࡿࡇࢆㄆྍࡍࡿ≉ูチྍ᭩ࢆࡇࢀ ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ᮲ࡢつᐃࡼࡿ㪒ࡢᤕ⋓ࠊẅᐖཬࡧฎ⌮ࡣࠊࡇࡢ᮲⣙ࡢ㐺⏝ࡽ㝖እ ࡍࡿࠋ 33) ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ☜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ ICJ ࡢุỴࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓㄪᰝᤕ㪒ィ⏬ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Fishery Agency, available at: http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/files/000061896.pdf. 34) Separate Opinion of Judge CANÇADO TRINDADE, available at: http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/148/18146.pdf. 35) European Parliament,͆Towards a Possible International Agreement on Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction,͇available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2014/536292/IPOL_ STU(2014)536292_EN.pdf. 36) FAO, available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4470e/y4470e00.htm. 37) FAO, available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/166308/en. 38) COP 8 Decision VIII/28, Impact assessment: Voluntary guidelines on biodiversity-inclusive impact assessment, available at: https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=11042. 39) Ministry of Environment, available at: http://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/about/aichi_targets/index_03.html. 40) UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/16/INF/16,11 April 2012, available at: https://www.cbd.int/doc/.../sbstta-16-inf-16-en.doc. ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛㄽ㞟➨ ྕ㸦㸧 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ Boon, Kristen E., 2013͆Overfishing of Bluefin Tuna: Incentivizing Inclusive Solutions,͇52 University of Louisville Law Review,pp.1-38. Brooks, Cassandra M. et al., 2014͆Challenging the͂Right to Fish̓in a Fast-Changing Ocean,͇33 Stanford Environmental Law Journal,pp.289-324. Heafey, Eve, 2014͆Access and Benefit Sharing of Marine Genetic Resources from Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Intellectual Property--Friend, Not Foe,͇14 Chicago Journal of International Law, pp.493-523. Hobday, Alistair J., et al., 2014͆Dynamic Ocean Management: Integrating Scientific and Technological Capacity with Law, Policy, and Management,͇33 Stanford Environmental Law Journal, pp.125-165. Jakobsen, Ingvild Ulrikke, 2013͆The Adequacy of Law of the Sea and International Environmental Law to the Marine Arctic: Integrated Ocean Management and Shipping,͇22 Michigan State University Journal of International Law, pp.291-320. Oral, Nilufer, 2013͆Protecting the Ocean and Its Resources (Panel 5): PSSA for the Black Sea,͇35 University of Hawai' Law Review, pp.787-804. Paisley, Richard K., and Henshaw, Taylor W., 2014͆Emerging Challenges to Good Governance in the Great Lakes: Comparative Models:͆If You can̓ t Manage It͇: Transboundary Waters, Good Governance and Data & Information Sharing & Exchange,͇24 Indiana International & Comparative Law Review, pp.203-247. Johnson, Courtney B., 2014͆Advances in Marine Spatial Planning: Zoning Earth̓s Last Frontier,͇29 Journal of Environmental Law & Litigation, pp.191-246.ࠉ Schoenbaum, Thomas J., 2012͆The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Context of the Public International Law Regimes for the Protection of the Marine Environment: A Comparative Study,͇25 University of San Francisco Maritime Law Journal, pp.1-36. Selvig, Kirsten,2012͆Establishing Marine Protected Areas on the Open Ocean Requires an End to the Freedom of the Seas,͇22 Minnesota Journal of International Law. pp. 35 -68. Telesetsky, Anastasia, 2013͆Fishing Moratoria and Security TURFS: Creating Opportunities for Future Marine Resource Abundance in the Face of Scarcity in Western Africa,͇42 Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law, pp.35-67. Telesetsky, Anastasia, 2013͆Local Food and Global Food: Do We Have It Takes to Reinvent the U.S. Food System? Follow the Leader: Eliminating Perverse Global Fishing Subsidies through Unilateral Domestic Trade Measures,͇ 65 Maine Law Review,pp.627-649. Thaler, Jeffrey and Lyons,Patrick,2014͆The Seas are Changing: It̓s to Use Ocean-Based Renewable Energy,͆The Public Trust Doctrine, and a Green Thumb to Protect Seas from Our Changing Climate,͇19 Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, pp.241-296. Varmer, Ole, 2014͆Closing the Gaps in the Law Protecting Underwater Cultural Heritage on the Outer Continental Shelf,͇33 Stanford Environmental Law Journal, pp.251-287. Warner,Robin M, 2015͆Conserving Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction:Co-Evolution and Interaction with the Law of the Sea,͇in Rothwell,Donald R,Oude Elferink,Alex G,Scott,Karen N, and Stephens,Tim, pp752-776. ▼ᶫྍዉ⨾ 2007ࠕᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤ PSSA( ≉ูᩄឤᾏᇦ ) : ᾏᇦูつไࢆᇶ┙ࡍࡿ㛵㐃ಖㆤᥐ⨨ࡑࡢ㝈⏺ࠖ ࠗ㤶ᕝἲᏛ ࠘26 ྕ (3/4), pp. 271-307. ᯇⰾ㑻 2010ࠗᅜ㝿⎔ቃἲࡢᇶᮏཎ๎࠘ᮾಙᇽࠊpp.1-395. බᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ ̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿㸸▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾ New convention for marine environmental protection in high seas; potential role of͆Marine Protected Areas͇ ISHIBASHI Kanami This paper analyses possible drastic change in the field of law of the sea. Traditionally, the high seas beyond territorial sea and EEZ are open to the every nation for its usage. However, nowadays, significant problems like IUU fishing or unilateral usage of the marine genetic resource without any consideration of benefit sharing have been occured, so that the UN started to adopt new convention concerning the ABNJ(Area Beyond National Jurisdiction), in particular the High Seas. ࠉࠉWhile the UN Convention of Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) adopted sectorial approaches based on areas like territorial sea, EEZ or the high seas to rule and regulate states̓various rights and obligations, this new convention is to be very different; it pursues only marine environmental protection and somehow to override the existing states̓rights and obligations, particularly in the ABNJ. ࠉࠉThe UN plans to adopt a new convention under the UNCLOS in 2016-2017. However before the final adoption, there have to be done a lot concerning the legal definitions, powers and constitutions of the conventions as follows; (1)The need for a global regime regulating ABNJ (2)Power to establish Marine Protected Areas in the High Seas (3)EIA for new activities in ABNJ (4)Access and benefit sharing regarding marine genetic resource in ABNJ ࠉࠉOther regional organization and treaties or CBD also set up MPAs or similar protected areas in the ABNJ and these precedents will be significantly useful in order to establish new marine conservation system in the ABNJ. Also, the international cases (the Blue fin tuna case and the Whaling case) tell us scientific base should be still needed to create and operate such systems even if precautionary principle or precautionary approach governs.