ルイ祖語の再考 Author(s) - Kyoto University Research Information

Title
Author(s)
Citation
Issue Date
<研究論文>ルイ祖語の再考
藤原, 敬介
京都大学言語学研究 = Kyoto University Linguistic Research
(2014), 33: 1-32
2014
URL
https://doi.org/10.14989/196280
Right
© Department of Linguistics Graduate School of Letters 2014
Type
Departmental Bulletin Paper
Textversion
publisher
Kyoto University
京都大学言語学研究 (Kyoto University Linguistic Research) 33 (2014), 1–32
ɹ
ɹ
ϧΠ૆‫ޠ‬ͷ࠶ߟ∗
౻‫ݪ‬ɹ‫ܟ‬հ
0 ͸͡Ίʹ
ຊߘͰ͸νϕοτɾϏϧϚ‫ޠ‬೿ʢTibeto-BurmanʣϧΠ‫܈ޠ‬ʢLuishʣʹ‫ڞ‬௨͢ΔϧΠ
૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Luish: ҎԼ PL ͱུ͢ʣΛ࠶ߏͨ͠౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧΛ࠶‫ݕ‬౼͢Δɻ
ຊߘͷߏ੒͸ҎԼͷͱ͓ΓͰ͋Δɻ1 Ͱ͸ϧΠ‫گ͍֓ͯͭʹ܈ޠ‬Λͷ΂ɺઌߦ‫ڀݚ‬
ʹ͍ͭͯ;ΕΔɻ2 Ͱ͸ϧΠ૆‫ߏ࠶ޠ‬ͷखॱʹ͍ͭͯͷ΂Δɻ3 Ͱ͸ϧΠ૆‫ޠ‬ͷमਖ਼
෦෼ʹ͍ͭͯͷ΂Δɻ4 ͰຊߘΛ·ͱΊΔɻෟ࿥ 1 ͱͯ͋͠Βͨʹ֬ೝ͞ΕͨϧΠ૆
‫ͱޠ‬ಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬Λఏࣔ͠ɺෟ࿥ 2 ͱͯ͠౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧʹର͢Δमਖ਼ͱ௥‫ه‬Λ͓͜ͳ͏ɻ
1 ϧΠ‫͍ͯͭʹ܈ޠ‬
1.1 ϧΠ‫ͱ܈ޠ‬͸
ϧΠ‫ͱ܈ޠ‬͸ɺνϕοτɾϏϧϚ‫ޠ‬೿ͷ͏ͪɺνϟοΫ‫ޠ‬ʢCak/Sak: όϯάϥσ
γϡɾνολΰϯٰྕʣ
ɺΧυΡʔ‫ޠ‬ʢKadu: ϏϧϚɾβΨΠϯ؅۠ʣ
ɺΨφϯ‫ޠ‬ʢGanan:
ϏϧϚɾβΨΠϯ؅۠ʣɺΞϯυϩ‫ޠ‬ʢAndro: ΠϯυɾϚχϓʔϧभʣɺηϯϚΠ‫ޠ‬
ʢSengmai: ΠϯυɾϚχϓʔϧभʣΛ;͘Ή‫܈ޠݴ‬ΛҰൠతʹ͸͢͞஫ 1 ɻ
1.2 ઌߦ‫ڀݚ‬
ϧΠ૆‫ޠ‬Λ࠶ߏ͢Δ͸͡Ίͯͷ͜͜ΖΈ͸౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͰ͋Δɻ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧҎ
߱ͷ΋ͷͱͯ͠͸ɺMatisoffʦ2013ʧ͕δϯϙʔɾϧΠ‫܈ޠ‬஫ 2 ʹ͍ͭͯ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷͱ͜Ζ
∗
ओཁ‫۟ޠ‬: ϧΠ‫܈ޠ‬ɺνϟοΫ‫ޠ‬ɺΧυΡʔ‫ޠ‬ɺΨφϯ‫ޠ‬ɺνϕοτɾϏϧϚ૆‫ޠ‬ɺൺֱ
‫ֶޠݴ‬ɻ
஫1
Matisoffʦ2013ʧ͸νϟΠϨϧ‫ޠ‬ʢChairelʣΛϧΠ‫͘;ʹ܈ޠ‬ΊΔɻ͔ͨ͠ʹɺGrierson
ʢed.ʣʦ1904, 1927ʧͳͲͷઌߦ‫͍͓ͯʹڀݚ‬ɺνϟΠϨϧ‫͕ޠ‬ϧΠ‫͞ͱ܈ޠ‬ΕΔ͜ͱ͸
͋Δɻͨͩ͠ɺͦ͏෼ྨ͢Δࠜ‫ڌ‬͸ɺΠϯυɾϚχϓʔϧ஍ํʹ͓͍ͯɺνϟΠϨϧਓ͕
ϧΠ‫ܥ‬ຽ଒ʹ෼ྨ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ΒͰ͋Δɻ‫ֶޠݴ‬తͳࠜ‫ڌ‬͸ͳ͍ɻMatisoffʦ2013ʧ͸ɺ
‘fire’ɺ‘hand’ɺ‘leg’ ͱ͍ͬͨ‫ޠ‬ኮʹΈΒΕΔվ৽Λࠜ‫ͯ͠ʹڌ‬ɺνϟΠϨϧ‫ޠ‬ΛϧΠ‫ޠ‬
‫ʹ܈‬෼ྨ͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ʹΈ͑Δɻ͔͠͠ɺಉ༷ͷվ৽͸ Burlingʦ1983ʧ͕͍͏ͱ͜Ζͷ
αϧ‫܈ޠ‬ʢSal languagesʣʹ΋‫ڞ‬௨͢Δɻචऀͱͯ͠͸ɺνϟΠϨϧ‫͕ޠ‬αϧ‫ʹ܈ޠ‬ଐ͢
Δ͜ͱ͸࣮֬Ͱ͋Δ͚ΕͲ΋ɺϧΠ‫ʹ܈ޠ‬ଐ͢Δͱ·Ͱ͸͔Μ͕͑ͳ͍ɻ͘Θ͘͠͸౻‫ݪ‬
ʦ2014ʧΛࢀরɻͳ͓ɺνϟΠϨϧ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ܥ‬౷ʹ͔Μͯ͠͸ɺผߘʹ͋ΒͨΊͯ࿦͍ͨ͡ɻ
஫2
Matisoffʦ2013ʧ͸ Jingpho-AsakianʢδϯϙʔɾαοΫ‫܈ޠ‬ʣͱ໊͚͍ͮͯΔɻ
−1−
藤原 敬介
΋ͬͱ΋͘Θ͍͠‫͋Ͱڀݚ‬Δ஫ 3 ɻMatisoffʦ2013ʧ͕δϯϙʔ‫ޠ‬Λத৺ͱͯ͠νϕο
τɾϏϧϚ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Tibeto-Burman: ҎԼ PTB ͱུ͢ʣΛࢹ໺ʹ͍Ε͍ͯΔͷʹର
ͯ͠ɺຊߘͰ͸͋͘·Ͱ΋ϧΠ‫಺܈ޠ‬෦Ͱͷ૆‫ܗ‬ͷ࠶ߏΛΊ͟͢ɻ
2 ϧΠ૆‫ߏ࠶ޠ‬ͷํ๏
ϧΠ૆‫ߏ࠶ޠ‬ͷखॱ͸౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͱ͓ͳ͡Ͱ͋Δɻ͜͜Ͱ͸౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧʹґ
‫ͭͭ͠ڌ‬ɺඞཁʹԠͯ͡Ճචɾमਖ਼͢Δɻ
2.1 ର৅‫ޠݴ‬
ϧΠ‫ʹ܈ޠ‬ଐ͢Δ‫ޠݴ‬ͷ͏ͪɺ‫ࡏݱ‬΋࿩ऀ͕͍Δͷ͸νϟοΫ‫ޠ‬ɺΧυΡʔ‫ޠ‬ɺΨ
φϯ‫ޠ‬ͷΈͰ͋ΔɻຊߘͰ΋ɺ͜ͷࡾ‫ޠݴ‬Λத৺ʹϧΠ૆‫ޠ‬ͷ࠶ߏΛ͜͜ΖΈΔ ஫ 4 ɻ
ͨͩ͠ɺΞϯυϩ‫ޠ‬΍ηϯϚΠ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ه͕ܗޠ‬࿥͞Ε͍ͯΔ͹͍͋ʹ͸ࢀর͢Δɻδϯ
ϙʔ‫ޠ‬΍ϏϧϚ‫ޠ‬ɺνϕοτɾϏϧϚ૆‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬΋ࢀর͢Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δɻ
ҎԼʹ‫ͱޠݴ‬ग़య͓Αͼུ߸Λ͠Δ͢ɻ
• νϟοΫ‫ޠ‬ʢCak: Cʣ: චऀʹΑΔҰ࣍ࢿྉɻ
• ΧυΡʔ‫ޠ‬ʢKadu: Kʣ: චऀʹΑΔϞʔςΠοɾΧυΡʔ‫ޠ‬ʢMawteik Kaduʣ
ͷҰ࣍ࢿྉɻ
• Ξφ΢ολϯɾΧυΡʔ‫ޠ‬ʢAnauktan Kadu: ANTKʣ: චऀʹΑΔΞφ΢ολ
ϯɾΧυΡʔ‫ޠ‬ͷҰ࣍ࢿྉɻ
• Ψφϯ‫ޠ‬ʢGanan: Gʣ: චऀʹΑΔҰ࣍ࢿྉɻ
• Ξϯυϩ‫ޠ‬ʢAndro: Aʣ: McCullochʦ1859ʧʹΑΔɻ੠ௐ͸‫ه‬࿥͞Ε͍ͯͳ
͍ɻද‫ه‬Λ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹมߋ͢Δ: u → 2஫ 5 , ee → ı̄, oo → uɻ͞Βʹɺ‫ޠ‬಄ͷେ
จࣈ͸খจࣈͰද‫͢ه‬Δɻ·ͨɺಈࢺͷ‫͍ͯͭʹྫޠ‬͸ɺ෇Ճ‫ͱޠ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔ
෦෼Λআ֎ͯ͠Ҿ༻͢Δɻͳ͓ Basantaʦ2008ʧʹΑΔ͹͍͋͸໌‫͢ه‬Δɻ
• ηϯϚΠ‫ޠ‬ʢSengmai: Seʣ: McCullochʦ1859ʧʹΑΔɻ੠ௐ͸‫ه‬࿥͞Ε͍ͯ
ͳ͍ɻA ͱ‫͡ͳ͓͕ܗޠ‬͹͍͋͸ A/Se ͱͯ͠ද‫͢ه‬Δ஫ 6 ɻͦͷ΄͔ɺA ͱ͓
஫3
Matisoffʦ2013ʧ͸ Matisoffʦ2012ʧΛվగͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋ΔɻMatisoffʦ2012ʧͰ͸͕͋ͬ
͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨ΋ͷΛ;͘Ίɺ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧʹ͕͋Δಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬ͷ΄΅͢΂ͯΛ;͘ΜͰ͍
஫4
Δɻ·ͨɺ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧʹ͓͚Δղऍͷ·͕͍ͪ΍‫ޡ‬২͕దٓमਖ਼͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ
֤‫ޠݴ‬ͷԻӆ࿦ʹ͍ͭͯৄࡉ͸౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2008, 2012a, 2013aʧΛࢀরɻͨͩ͠νϟοΫ‫ޠ‬ͷ
ද‫͍ͯͭʹه‬͸ɺ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2008ʧʹೋ఺ͷมߋΛ͘Θ͑ͨ: ʢiʣ฼Ի͸͡·ΓͷԻઅͰ͸ɺ
஫5
Իઅॳ಄ʹ੠໳ด࠯ԻΛ͔͖͘Θ͑ɺʢiiʣ༗‫ؾ‬Ի͸ӈ‫ ʹݞ‬h Λ͚ͭͯ͋ΒΘͨ͠ɻ
McCullochʦ1859ʧʹ͓͚Δද‫্ه‬ͷ {u} ͸ɺද‫্ه‬ͷ {a} ͱରཱ͠ɺ฼Իͷ௕୹ͷ૬
ҧΛ͋ΒΘ͍ͯͨ͠Մೳੑ͕͋Δɻ͢ͳΘͪ {u} ͸/@/ɺ{a} ͸/a/ʹؐ‫͏͠ݩ‬Δɻͨͩ͠
஫6
͜ͷ۠ผ͕Ұ؏ͯ͠΋͍ͪΒΕ͍ͯΔͱ͸͍͑ͳ͍ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2013bʧ
ɻ
McCullochʦ1859ʧͷෟ࿥ʹ͋Δ‫ޠ‬ኮूͰ͸ ‘Undro and Sengmai’ ͱͯ͠·ͱΊΒΕ͍ͯ
−2−
ルイ祖語の再考
ͳ͡‫ݪ‬ଇͰද‫ه‬Λมߋ͠ɺҾ༻͢Δɻ
• δϯϙʔ‫ޠ‬ʢJingpho: Jʣ: ঃଞฤʦ1983ʧʹΈΒΕΔԻ੠ද‫ه‬ΛҾ༻ɻͳ͓
Maranʦ1978ʧʹΑΔ͹͍͋͸໌‫͢ه‬Δɻ
• γϯϙʔ‫ޠ‬ʢSingpho: Siʣ: Stephen MoreyɺPalash Kumar Nath ྆ࢯଞͷ SEAlang
Library Singpho Dictionary ʹΑΔɻ
• ϚϧϚ‫ޠ‬ʢMarma: Mʣ: චऀʹΑΔҰ࣍ࢿྉɻ
• γϟϯ‫ޠ‬ʢShanʣ: Moengʦ1995ʧʹΑΔʢͨͩ͠ SEAlang Library Shan Dictionary
Ͱϥςϯจࣈసࣸ͞Εͨ‫͔ࣜܗ‬ΒͷҾ༻ʣɻ
• ϏϧϚจ‫ޠ‬ʢWritten Burmese: WrBʣ: େ໺ʦ2000ʧΛ‫ج‬ຊͱ͢Δɻͨͩ͠ද‫ه‬
͸ᖒాʦ2001ʧʹΑΔɻ͜Ε͸௲ࣈసࣸͰ͋Δɻ{ ‫͘͘Ͱ } ހׅ‬Δɻ
• ϘϩɾΨϩ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Boro-Garo: PBGʣ: Joseph & Burlingʦ2006ʧʹΑΔɻ
• தԝνϯ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Central-Chin: PCCʣ: VanBikʦ2009ʧ
ʢSTEDT Databaseʣ
ʹΑΔɻ
• ΫΩɾνϯ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Kuki-Chin: PKCʣ: VanBikʦ2009ʧ
ʢSTEDT Databaseʣ
ʹΑΔɻ
• ϩϩɾϏϧϚ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Lolo-Burmese: PLBʣ: James A. Matisoff ‫ڭ‬तʹΑΔɻ
• ϧΠ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Luish: PLʣ: චऀʹΑΔɻ
• λχ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Tani: PTaniʣ: Sunʦ1993ʧʢSTEDT DatabaseʣʹΑΔɻ
• νϕοτɾϏϧϚ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Tibeto-Burman: PTBʣ: STEDT Database ʹΑ
Δ஫ 7 ɻ
2.2 ର৅‫ޠ‬ኮ
ຊߘͰௐࠪର৅ͱͨ͠‫ޠ‬ኮ͸ɺචऀ͕ॴ༗͢Δࢿྉͷ͏ͪɺ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͰͱΓ͋
͛ͳ͔ͬͨ‫ޠ‬ኮΛத৺ͱ͢Δɻ
Δɻͦͯ͠‫͞ࡌܝ‬Ε͍ͯΔ‫͔ྫޠ‬Β൑அ͢Δ͔͗ΓͰ͸ɺSengmai ͷཝʹ͕͍͋ͬͯΔ
΋ͷ͸ Undro ͱ‫ͳͱ͕͜ܗޠ‬Δ΋ͷ͚ͩͰ͋Δɻ͢ͳΘͪɺSengmai ͷཝʹԿ΋͕͋ͬ
஫7
͍ͯͳ͍͹͍͋ʹ͸ɺUndro ͱ‫ͱ͡ͳ͓͕ܗޠ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔɻ
STEDT Database ͸සൟʹߋ৽͕͓͜ͳΘΕ͍ͯΔɻ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͰҾ༻ͨ͠ PTB ‫ࣜܗ‬
͕ɺຊߘࣥච࣌఺Ͱ͸͢Ͱʹվగ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ΋͋Δɻಛʹ Matisoffʦ2014ʧ͕ PTB
ʹ͓͚Δ฼Իମ‫ܥ‬Λ࠶‫ݕ‬౼͠ɺMatisoffʦ2003ʧҎ߱΋ͬͱ΋େ‫ن‬໛ͳ PTB ‫ࣜܗ‬ͷमਖ਼
ΛఏҊͨ݁͠Ռ͕ɺ͢Ͱʹ STEDT Database ʹ΋൓ө͞Ε͍ͯΔ͹͍͕͋͋ΔɻຊߘͰ
ఏࣔ͢Δ‫ࣜܗ‬΋ɺকདྷతʹ͸վగ͞Ε͍ͯ͘Մೳੑ͕͔͍ͨɻ
−3−
藤原 敬介
2.3 ࠶ߏͷ‫ج‬४
ઌߦ‫ڀݚ‬Λ;·͑ɺචऀͷ͔Μ͕͑΋൓өͯ͠ϧΠ‫܈ޠ‬ͷॾ‫ޠݴ‬Λ‫ܥ‬౷थͰ͠Ίͤ
͹ɺਤ 1 ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔɻ࠷Լஈͷ‫໊ޠݴ‬͸ɺ࣮ࡍͷ஍ཧత෼෍ʹ४ͯ͡഑ྻͨ͠ɻ౻
‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͱͷ૬ҧ఺͸࣍ͷͱ͓ΓͰ͋Δɻ
• Andro ͱ Sengmai ʹ‫ڞ‬௨͢Δ૆‫ͯ͠ͱޠ‬౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͰ͸ Proto-Loi ͱͨ͠
͚ΕͲ΋ɺຊߘͰ͸྆ऀΛแ‫ׅ͢‬Δ‫ͯ͠ͱ܈ޠݴ‬νϟΫύ૆‫ޠ‬ʢProto-Chakpaʣ
ͱ͓ͯ͘͠஫ 8 ɻ
ਤ 1: ϧΠ‫ͱ܈ޠ‬δϯϙʔ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ܥ‬౷
Proto-Jingpho-Luish
Proto-Luish
Proto-Chakpa
Proto-Cak
Proto-Kadu
Jingpho
Sengmai
Andro Ganan
Cak
Sak
Kadu
ਤ 1 ʹ͠Ίͨ͠Α͏ʹδϯϙʔ‫ޠ‬͸‫ܥ‬౷తʹ΍΍ͱ͓͍Ґஔʹ͋ΔͨΊɺPL Λ࠶ߏ
͢Δʹ͋ͨΓɺຊߘͰ͸δϯϙʔ‫ޠ‬Λ‫ج‬४ʹ͸ͱΓ͍Εͳ͍ɻຊߘͰ͸‫ݪ‬ଇͱͯ͠Ҏ
Լͷ‫ج‬४Λ΋͍ͪΔɻ
• ϏϧϚ‫ޠ‬΍γϟϯ‫͔ޠ‬Βͷआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Δ͜ͱ͕͖͋Β͔Ͱ͋Δ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ɺPL ͱΈ
ͱΊͳ͍ɻ
• C ͱ K/G/A/Se ͷ͏ͪͻͱͭҎ্ͱͰରԠ͢Δ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ PL ͱΈͱΊΔɻ
• K/G ͷ͏ͪͻͱͭҎ্ͱɺA/Se ͷ͏ͪͻͱͭҎ্ͱͰରԠ͢Δ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ɺC ͱର
Ԡ͍ͯ͠ͳ͘ͱ΋ɺPL ͱͯ͠ΈͱΊΔɻ
• ্‫ه‬ͷ৚݅ʹ͋Θͳ͍΋ͷ͸ɺPL ͱͯ͠ΈͱΊͳ͍ɻ
Ҏ্ͷ‫ج‬४Λ·ͱΊΔͱɺද 1 ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔɻ+ ͸ PL ͱͯ͠ΈͱΊΔ͜ͱΛɺ−
͸ΈͱΊͳ͍͜ͱΛ͋ΒΘ͢ɻͻͱͭͰ΋ + ͕͋Ε͹ɺͨͱ͑ − ͱͳΔ෦෼͕͋ͬͯ
஫8
Ξϯυϩਓ΍ηϯϚΠਓͳͲ͸ɺΠϯύʔϧຍ஍ͷࢧ഑ຽ଒Ͱ͋ΔϝΠςΠਓ͔Β͸ʮϧ
Πຽ଒ʯͱΑ͹Ε͍ͯΔ͚ΕͲ΋ɺΈ͔ͣΒ͸ʮνϟΫύຽ଒ʯͱ͔Μ͕͍͑ͯΔ͔ΒͰ
͋Δɻͳ͓νϟΫύ‫ͦޠ‬ͷ΋ͷ͸ࢮ‫͋Ͱޠ‬ΓɺΞϯυϩਓ΍ηϯϚΠਓͳͲͷّྱ‫ޠݴ‬
ʢ͢ͳ
ͱͯ͠Ұ෦͕ͷ͜Δʹ͗͢ͳ͍ɻSinghʦ2014ʧ͸ΞϯυϩਓʹΑΔʮνϟΫύ‫ޠ‬ʯ
ΘͪΞϯυϩ‫ޠ‬ʣʹ͍ͭͯͷใࠂͰ͋Δɻ
−4−
ルイ祖語の再考
΋ɺPL Λ࠶ߏͰ͖Δɻͨͱ͑͹ Kadu ͷߦΛΈΔͱɺCak/Andro/Sengmai ͷྻʹ͍ͭ
ͯ + Ͱ͋Δɻ͜Ε͸ɺK ͱ C/A/Se ͷ͍ͣΕ͔Ұ‫ڞͰͱޠݴ‬௨͢Δ‫͕͋ࣜܗ‬Ε͹ɺPL
Λ࠶ߏͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛ͠Ί͢ɻଞํɺKadu ͷߦʹରԠ͢Δ Ganan ͷྻ͸ − Ͱ͋Δɻ͜
Ε͸ɺK ͱ G ͱͰ‫ڞ‬௨͢Δ‫͕ͯͬ͋ࣜܗ‬΋ɺͦΕ͚ͩͰ͸ PL Λ࠶ߏͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱΛ
͠Ί͢ɻͳ͓ɺKadu ͷߦͱ Kadu ͷྻͱͷަ఺͸ҙຯΛͳ͞ͳ͍ͷͰʘͱ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
ද1
ϧΠ૆‫ߏ࠶ޠ‬ͷ‫ج‬४
Cak
Kadu
Ganan
Andro
Sengmai
Cak
ʘ
+
+
+
+
Kadu
+
ʘ
+
+
Ganan
+
ʘ
+
+
Andro
+
−
−
+
+
ʘ
Sengmai
+
+
+
−
−
ʘ
2.4 ද‫্ه‬ͷ஫ҙ
• ௨࣌తʹ͸઀಄͕ࣙ͋ͬͨͱਪఆ͞ΕΔ͚ΕͲ΋ɺԻՁΛಛఆͰ͖ͳ͍͹͍͋
ʹ͸ͨΜʹ C-Ͱ͋ΒΘ͢஫ 9 ɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ65ʣ‘guest’ PL *CH -namɻ
• ࠶ߏ‫ܗ‬ͷҰ෦ʹෳ਺ͷՄೳੑ͕͋Δ͹͍͋ɺ‫͔͔ʹࠜޠ‬ΘΔ෦෼͸ʢA/Bʣɺ઀ࣙ
ʹ͔͔ΘΔ෦෼͸ A/B ͱද‫͢ه‬Δɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ71ʣ‘how(2)’ PL *s/hH -ni(n/N)ɻ
ͳ͓ɺࢠԻͷ༗ແ͕໰୊ʹͳΔ͹͍͋ʹ͸ɺ୯ʹʢAʣͳͲͱද‫͍ͯ͠ه‬Δɻͨ
ͱ͑͹ʢ56ʣ‘fall/be.suitable’ PL *(l)étɻ
• ಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔ͚ΕͲ΋ɺ੠ௐͳͲ͕௨ଇʹ͋Θͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋Δɻͦͷ
Α͏ͳ͹͍͋ɺ࠶ߏ‫?ʹࣜܗ‬Λ͚ͭΔɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ96ʣ‘peck (v)’ PL *hru?ɻ
• ಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋Δ‫͍ͯͭʹޠ‬΋ (?) Λ͚ͭͯ͠Ί͢ɻͨͱ͑
͹ʢ5ʣ‘bad’ ͷ M krǎiN(?)ɻ
• ಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔ͚ΕͲ΋ɺࢠԻΛಛఆͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ΔɻͦͷΑ͏ͳ
͹͍͋ɺࢠԻͷ෦෼͸ C Ͱ͠Ί͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ52ʣ‘empty’ PL *k-CáNɻ
• ಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔ͚ΕͲ΋ɺ฼ԻΛಛఆͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ΔɻͦͷΑ͏ͳ
͹͍͋ɺ฼Իͷ෦෼͸ V Ͱ͠Ί͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ63ʣ‘ginger’ PL *kV́ɻ
• ಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔ͚ΕͲ΋ɺ฼Ի͕௨ଇʹ͋Θͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ΔɻͦͷΑ͏
ͳ͹͍͋΋ɺ฼Իͷ෦෼͸ V Ͱ͠Ί͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ67ʣ‘hang/swing’ PL *nV?ɻ
• ߴ੠ௐΛ΋ͭ઀಄ࣙ͸ӈ‫ ʹݞ‬H Λ͚ͭͯ͠Ί͢ɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ95ʣ‘pain (vi)’ PL
*kH -naɻ
஫9
઀಄ࣙ͸‫ج‬ຊతʹ͸ࢠԻͰ͋Δ͔Β C-ͱද‫͍ͯ͠ه‬Δɻ
−5−
藤原 敬介
• ಉ‫Ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸ͳ͍͚ΕͲ΋ҙຯతʹରԠ͢Δ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ʢ‫ހׅ‬ʣʹ͍Εͯ͠Ίͨ͠͹
͍͕͋͋Δɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ15ʣ‘blunt’ Ͱ G (k@th ú) ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ΋ͷ͕֘౰͢Δɻ
• ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͰ‫ޠ‬ٛΛ͓ͳ͘͢͡Δ‫͍͕͕ͯͬ͋ࣜܗ‬Δ͹͍͋ɺຊߘͰ͸ (2)
ͳͲͷ਺ࣈΛ͚ͭͯ۠ผ͢Δɻͨͱ͑͹ʢ119ʣ‘scratch(2)’ ͱ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͸ɺ౻
‫ݪ‬ʦ2012b #220ʧͱͯ͢͠Ͱʹ ‘scratch’ ͕͕͍͋ͬͯΔ͔ΒͰ͋Δɻ
2.5 ‫߸ه‬ɾུ߸Ұཡ
্‫ܝ‬ͷ‫໊͓ޠݴ‬Αͼग़యҎ֎ͷ‫߸ه‬ɾུ߸͸࣍ͷͱ͓ΓͰ͋Δɻ
• *A: A ͕ਪఆ‫͋Ͱࣜܗ‬Δ͜ͱΛ͋ΒΘ͢ɻ
• A<
> B: A ͱ B ͸‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ɻ
• A < B: A ͸ B ʹ༝དྷ͢Δɻ
• STEDT: Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus஫ 10 ɻ
3 ϧΠ૆‫ޠ‬ͷ࠶‫ݕ‬౼
3.1 ಄ࢠԻ
಄ࢠԻʹ͔Μͯ͠ಛ‫఺͖΂͢ه‬͸ҎԼͷͱ͓ΓͰ͋Δɻ
1. PL ͷ༗੠ด࠯Իʹ͍ͭͯ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͰ͸ɺରԠ͢Δແ੠ด࠯Իʹ༝དྷ͢Δ
ՄೳੑΛࣔࠦͭͭ͠΋ɺνϟοΫ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬Λࠜ‫ʹڌ‬ɺ*b-ɺ*d-ɺ*j-ɺ*k/g-Λ࠶
ߏͨ͠ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɺͦͷ‫ݕޙ‬౼Λ͢͢Ίͨ݁ՌɺνϟοΫ‫Ͱޠ‬༗੠ด࠯Ի
͕͋ΒΘΕΔ‫ڥ؀‬͸ɺϚϧϚ‫͔Ͳͳޠ‬Βͷआ༻‫ޠ‬΍࿈੠Λআ֎͢Ε͹ɺಛఆͷ
઀಄ࣙͷ͋ͱʹ͔͗ΒΕΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɻ͢ͳΘͪɺνϟοΫ‫͚͓ʹޠ‬Δ༗
੠ด࠯Ի͸ɺϧΠ૆‫ʹޠ‬༝དྷͤͣɺνϟοΫ‫಺ޠ‬෦ʹ͓͚ΔൃలͰ͋ΔՄೳੑ
͕͔ͨ·ͬͨɻͦ͜ͰຊߘͰ͸ɺϧΠ૆‫ʹޠ‬༗੠ด࠯ԻΛͨͯͳ͍͜ͱʹ͢Δɻ
2. ೖഁԻʹ͍ͭͯ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012b #295ʧͰ͸ C â-ʹ K/G t-͕ରԠ͢Δ ‘put upon’ ʹ
ೖഁԻΛ࠶ߏ͠*âaN?ΛఏҊͨ͠ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɺೖഁԻ͸Ή͠Ζ C á/â-ʹ K
p/t-ɺG m/l-͕ରԠ͢Δ΋ͷʹ࠶ߏͨ͠΄͏͕Α͍ͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ‘put upon’ ͸
PL *(â/t)aN ͱमਖ਼͢Δɻ
஫ 10
STEDT Ͱ͸ɺ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͷ࣌఺Ͱ͸ɺϧΠ‫܈ޠ‬͸ 4.3 Asakian ͱ͍͏໊শͰ͋ͬͨɻ
ຊߘࣥච࣌఺Ͱ͸ɺ‫ܥ‬౷෼ྨʹ͓͓͖ͳमਖ਼͕͘Θ͑ΒΕɺུ֓ 1. NE Indian Areal Group
> 1.7 Sal > 1.7.3 Jingpho-Asakian > 1.7.3.2 Asakian ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ
−6−
ルイ祖語の再考
3.2 ฼Իɾ຤ࢠԻ
฼Ի͓Αͼ຤ࢠԻʹ͔Μͯ͠ಛ‫఺͖΂͢ه‬͸ҎԼͷͱ͓ΓͰ͋Δɻ
1. ຊ ߘ Ͱ ͋ Β ͨ ʹ ֬ ೝ ͞ Ε ͨ ΋ ͷ ͱ ͠ ͯ*-etʢ#56 ‘fall/be.stuitable’ɺ#119
‘scratch(2)’ʣɺ*-otʢ#35 ‘cork/plug’ʣɺ*-inʢ#88 ‘moan’ɺ#149 ‘this(2)’ʣɺ*-er
ʢ#156 ‘wash (rice)’ɺ#32 clear’ʣɺ*-urʢ#157 ‘wash (hat)’ʣ͕͋Δɻ
2. C ͕։ԻઅͰ͋Δͷʹର͠ɺK/G Ͱ͸-p/t/k ͱͳΔಈࢺͱͯ͠ʢ84ʣPL *hrá-p
ʢ60ʣPL *áe-t ‘fish (v)’ɺ
ʢ101ʣPL *ko-t ‘play’ɺ
ʢ55ʣPL *kré-k ‘exchange’
‘loosen’ɺ
͕֬ೝ͞Εͨɻ
3. C/K ͕։ԻઅͰ͋ΔҰํͰ G -P ͱͳΔ΋ͷ͕਺ྫ͋Δʢ#6 ‘bamboo shoot’,
#127 ‘smoke’ ͳͲʣɻ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͷ࣌఺Ͱ͸৚͕݅ෆ໌Ͱ͋ͬͨɻ͔͠͠ɺ
͞Βʹ‫ݕ‬౼Λ͘Θ͑ͨ݁ՌɺG ʹ͓͍ͯ-P ͕͋ΒΘΕΔͷ͸ɺߴ฼Իʢi, uʣʹ
͔͗ΒΕΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɻͨͩ͠ɺߴ฼ԻͰ΋-P ͕͋ΒΘΕͳ͍ྫ΋ଟ਺͋
Δɻ৚݅ͷਫ਼ີԽ͸ࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ՝୊ͱ͢Δɻ
4 ͓ΘΓʹ
Ҏ্ɺຊߘͰ͸ 3 ʹ͠Ίͨ͠Α͏ʹɺϧΠ૆‫ʹޠ‬मਖ਼Λ͘Θ͑ͨɻͦͯ͠ෟ࿥ 1 ͱ
ͯ͋͠Βͨʹ 169 ૊ͷಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬Λఏࣔͨ͠ɻ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧͰࢦఠͨ͠՝୊ʹ͍ͭͯ
͸ࠓ‫ޙ‬΋‫ݕ‬౼Λཁ͢Δɻ·ͨຊߘͰ͸͔͍͋ͭͬͯͳ͍δϯϙʔ‫ͱޠ‬ͷؔ܎ʹ͍ͭͯ
΋ɺকདྷతʹ͸ࢹ໺ʹ͍Ε͍ͯ͘ඞཁ͕͋Δɻ
ෟ࿥ 1
౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧҎ߱ʹ֬ೝ͞ΕͨϧΠ૆‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬Λྻ‫͢ڍ‬Δɻ
(1) ‘ant’ PL *ciN; C —, K ph ónsı̀N, G ph Óns@lı̀N; A pijingsa, Se (sengkè); PTB —
஫ K ph ón-͓Αͼ G ph Ón-͸ ‘tree’ ͱਪఆ͞ΕΔʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #26ʧɻG -l-͸઀த
ࣙɻA pi-͸ PTB *b@w INSECT (STEDT #2178) ͱؔ܎͢Δɻ฼Ի͸‫װޠ‬฼Ի
ͱಉԽͨ͠΋ͷͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ-sa ͸͓ͦΒ͘ࢦখࣙʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #182; ෟ࿥ 1
#40ʧɻSe sengkè͸಄ࢠԻ͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻJ kă33 kjin33 ͸಄ࢠԻ΋຤ࢠԻ΋͋Θͳ͍
ͷͰผ‫͓ͱݯޠ‬΋ΘΕΔɻ
(2) ‘adverbial suffix’ PL *-sa; C -sa, K -sh a, G -sh a; J Sa31 ஫ 11 ; PTB —
஫ PL *-sa ‘-DIMINUTIVE ’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #187ʧͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͠͏Δɻͳ͓ɺG ͷ
஫ 11
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
−7−
藤原 敬介
‫ࣜܗ‬͸ੜ࢈తͰ͸ͳ͘ PÉtsh a ‘slowly’ ͳͲগ਺ͷ‫ʹޠ‬ͷΈ֬ೝ͞ΕΔɻ
(3) ‘back (of hand), dorsum (of foot)’ PL *hyum? < *khyum?; C t@húh1N ‘back of
hand’, Pát@h1N ‘dorsum of foot’, K —, G th Ohúm ‘back of hand’, tahúm ‘dorsum
of foot’; J khum31 ‘body’; PTB *(k/g)um BACK/BODY
஫ C/G ͱ΋ʹೋྫ͋Δ͏ͪͷ‫ޙ‬൒෦෼͕‫ڞ‬௨͢Δɻͨͩ͠੠ௐ͸͋Θͳ͍ɻ
(4) ‘bag’ PL *thoN?; C —, K Cith áuN, G sh iPth auN; A/Se thong; PTB —
஫ Shan th oN1 ‘bag’ ͔Βͷआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬ΔՄೳੑ͕͔͍ͨɻK ͱ G Ͱ੠ௐ͕ରԠ
͠ͳ͍‫ݪ‬Ҽ΋ɺआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Δ͍͔ͤ΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(5) ‘bad’ PL *krán; C kráiN, K kán, G —; M krǎiN(?); PTB —
(6) ‘bamboo shoot’ PL *k-muy-k; C k@mWkaiN, K k@mi, G k@miP; J mă55 kZuP55 ; PTB
¯
—
஫ C -kaiN ͸ෟ࿥ 1 #45 ‘dish (curry)’ ͷҙຯɻ
(7) ‘basket(1)’ PL *kon; C kuN, K konháN, G kOnnáN; PTB —
˚
஫ K/G ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ Shan kon5 ‘basket’ ͱؔ܎͠͏Δɻ
(8) ‘basket(2)’ PL *áóN; C kriPáóN ‘a long bamboo basket to catch fish’, K páuNká, G
máuNká; PTB —
஫ PKC *áoom (STEDT #4021: provisional) ΍ Shan pOm2 ‘small basket box for
clothes, food, etc’ ͕ؔ܎͠͏Δɻͨͩ͠ɺ‫ޠ‬຤ࢠԻ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻ
(9) ‘be/copula’ PL *h(i/e)-k; C =heP ‘dynamic predicate marker’, K hi, G hiP; J Ze33 ;
PTB *s-ri-t <
> *s-rut (STEDT #2608)
஫ C =huP ‘stative predicate marker’ ͱ WrB {hut’} ‘be true’ ΋‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ɻ
(10) ‘be crooked’ PL *kek?; C —, K ceiP, G kaiP ∼ caiP; A hék, Se hek; PTB —
஫ A/Se ͷ಄ࢠԻ͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇͰ͋Δ͔Βɺಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(11) ‘bear fruit’ PL *si; C s1, K Ci, G sh i; J si31 ; WrB {sii:}; PTB *sey (STEDT #1019)
஫ PL *si ‘fruit’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #190ʧͱಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬ɻ
(12) ‘become dark’ PL *háN naP; C háN naP, K h@láN naP, G h@láN naP; J naP55
‘CL:night’; PTB *s-nak BLACK (STEDT #2483)
஫ C/K/G ͷલ෦ཁૉ͸ PL *hráN ‘cloud’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #201ʧͱಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬ɻC ʹ
͓͍ͯ ‘cloud’ ͸ hráNgr1 ∼ háNgr1 Ͱ͋Δɻ
−8−
ルイ祖語の再考
(13) ‘big’ PL *túN; C Pas@túN ‘grandchild’, K tóuN, G tóuN; PTB —
஫ PL *su-túN ‘grandchild’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #50; ෟ࿥ 2 #11ʧͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ͱ͓΋
ΘΕΔɻͨͩ͠ɺ‘grandchild’ G sh utóuN ∼ sh utáuN Ͱ͋Δͷʹର͠ɺ‘big’ ͸ G
tóuN ͷΈͰ͋Δɻ͔ͩΒɺผ‫͋Ͱݯޠ‬ΔՄೳੑ΋͋Δɻͳ͓ C muNdúN ‘storm
(wind.big)’ ͷ dúN ΋ಉ‫ͱݯ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔɻ
(14) ‘big/thick’ PL *proN; C proN, K taPpauN ‘arm (lit. hand big(?))’, G th OpauN ‘arm
(lit. hand big(?))’; PTB —
஫ K/G taP-͸ ‘hand’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #54ʧɻ
(15) ‘blunt’ PL *thum; C áúPth uN, K th om, G (k@th ú); PTB —
஫ J ton33 ͸಄ࢠԻ΋຤ࢠԻ΋͋Θͳ͍ɻ
¯
(16) ‘boil’ PL *a-húw < *a-khúw; C Pahvú, K P@hú, G N@hú; PTani *fu (STEDT #6314:
provisional)
஫ ੠ௐ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍͚ΕͲ΋ɺ
ʢ127ʣ‘smoke’ ͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢Մೳੑ͕͋Δ஫ 12 ɻ
G N@-͸ Ná ‘steam (v)’ ͕ॖ໿ͨ͠‫͋Ͱࣜܗ‬Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(17) ‘break into two parts(1)’ PL *(á/p)ék?; C ááiP (vt), K páiP (vi), G páiP (vi); PTB
*(p/b)rat (STEDT #1787)
஫ C ͸ଞಈࢺɺK/G ͸ࣗಈࢺͰ͋Δ্ʹɺC ͷೖഁԻʹର͢Δ‫ن‬ଇతͳରԠ͕
G ʹΈΒΕͳ͍ͨΊɺಉ‫Ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(18) ‘break into two parts(2)’ PL *CH -nat; C PánaiP (vt), K s@nàt ‘choke’, G s@nàt
‘choke’; J mă31 nat55 ‘grasp, squeeze’; PTB —
஫ C ͸ʮೋͭʹ͓ΔʯͷҙຯɻC ͷ Pá-͸ଞಈࢺ઀಄ࣙɻK/G ͸ʮटΛ͠ΊΔʯ
ͷҙຯɻK/G ͷ s-͸͓ͦΒ͘͸࢖໾઀಄ࣙɻ
(19) ‘burn/roast(2)’ PL *a-ká; C Paká, K P@ká, G ká; PTB —
஫ PL *ká ‘hot’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #114ʧͱಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬ɻຊ‫ʹྫޠ‬͸ଞಈࢺ઀಄ࣙͷ*a͕͍͍ͭͯΔɻͨͩ͠ G Ͱ͸*a-͕͔ͭͣʹଞಈࢺͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ
(20) ‘can: auxiliary verb used to indicate a not-controllable action’ PL *á(o/u); C -áo,
K -pu, G -mu; PTB —
஫ C áo ͸ຊಈࢺͱͯ͠͸ ‘see’ɺॿಈࢺͱͯ͠ ‘can’ Λҙຯ͢ΔɻK -pu ͸ ‘hear’
tÉtpù < tÉt ‘listen’ + -pu ͱ͍ͬͨෳ߹ಈࢺʹͷΈ͋ΒΘΕΔɻ
஫ 12
ࠪಡऀ B ͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻ
−9−
藤原 敬介
(21) ‘carry on the head(1)’ PL *t(o/u); C to, K tu, G —; J SiN31 tau55 ‘carry on a pole
¯
(by two people)’ (?), tho31 ‘carry (loads)’஫ 13 ; PTB —
஫ ฼ԻͷରԠ͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻ
(22) ‘carry on the head(2)’ PL *kon?; C kúN, K kon, G kOn; J kun33 ; PTB —
஫ J ͷ૆‫ʹܗ‬͸ PTB *p-kur or *k-pur (STEDT #5665) ͕࠶ߏ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͚ΕͲ
΋ɺC/K/G/J ͕ಉ‫͋Ͱࣜܗݯ‬Δͱ͢ΔͱɺPTB ͷ‫͕ࣜܗ‬ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻͨͩ͠ C
ͱ K/G ͱͰ੠ௐ͕͋Θͳ͍ͷͰɺC/J ͸ಉ‫ ͕ͩݯ‬K/G ͱ͸͕ͪ͏Մೳੑ΋͋
Δɻͳ͓ʢ21ʣͱͷ͕͍ͪ͸͸͜ͼํɻʢ21ʣͰ͸಄ͷ্ʹͷͤΔͷʹରͯ͠ɺ
ͪ͜Βͷ‫Ͱޠ‬͸಄ʹඥΛ͔͚ɺഎ͓͏Α͏ʹͯ͠͸͜Ϳɻ
(23) ‘cast a net’ PL *krár; C kráiN, K ká, G ká; PTB —
(24) ‘change clothes’ PL *m-lét(?); C m@láiP, K mÉt, G mÉt; PCC *leet (STEDT #5043:
provisional)
஫ PL *m-l- > Proto-Kadu *m-r- > K/G m-ͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(25) ‘choke’ PL *kák; C PakáP (vt), K káP ‘choke with food’, G káP ‘choke with food’;
PTB —
஫ PTB *ha(:)k (STEDT #2260) ͸಄ࢠԻ͕͋Θͳ͍ɻ
(26) ‘CL:animal’ PL *ma; C ma, K —, G ma; PTB —
஫ C ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ɺ‫ڕ‬ɾௗɾ஬ͳͲʹରͯ͠࢖༻͞ΕΔɻPáma ‘3rd person pronoun’
ͱؔ܎͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻG ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ಈ෺Ͱ 2 Ҏ্ͷ਺ࢺͱͱ΋ʹ࢖༻͞
ΕΔɻ
(27) ‘CL:cloth’ PL *t(o/u); C tó, K tù, G tù; A/Se tosi ‘cotton’; PTB —
஫ ಄ࢠԻͱҙຯ͸Α͘ରԠ͢Δ͚ΕͲ΋ɺ฼Իͱ੠ௐ͸ C ͱ K/G ͱͰରԠ͠
ͳ͍ɻʢ36ʣPL *to ‘cotton’ ͱಉ‫͓ͱࣜܗݯ‬΋ΘΕΔɻ
(28) ‘CL:drop’ PL *CH -Cak; C caP, K th àP, G —; PTB *(m/g)-(ts/dz)(y)(a/i)k (STEDT
#190: provisional)
஫ C c-ʹ K th -ͷରԠ͸ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻ಄ࢠԻΛܾఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻ
(29) ‘CL:stick.like.object’ PL *ka-k; C ka, Páka ‘stalk’, K kaP, ANTK kla ‘stalk’, G —;
PTB *kak (STEDT #493 THROAT)
஫ ANTK ͷ-l-͸઀தࣙɻ
஫ 13
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻͨͩ͠಄ࢠԻͷରԠ͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻ
− 10 −
ルイ祖語の再考
(30) ‘CL:words’ PL *áp; C PáP, K Páp, G —; PTB —
(31) ‘clean’ PL *cı́y; C cé, K s@lı́, G —; PTB —
஫ K ͸઀தࣙ-l-͕͸͍͍ͬͯΔɻG se ‘shine’ ͸฼Ի΋੠ௐ΋͋Θͳ͍ͷͰಉ
‫Ͱݯ‬͸ͳ͍ͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(32) ‘clear’ PL *sH -krer?; C kráiN-goP ‘clearly’, K sh @cÈ, G sh @kÈ; PTB —
஫ C ͷ੠ௐ͕͋Θͳ͍ɻC -goP ͸‫ىܧ‬Λ͋ΒΘ͢ඪࣝɻ
(33) ‘-CONDITIONAL /SEQUENTIAL ’ PL *-ke; C —, K —, G -kE; A -ge; M -ge/ke; PTB
—
஫ A -ge ͸‫ޠ‬தͷΈͷ‫͋Ͱࣜܗ‬Δ͔Βɺ૆‫ͯ͠ͱܗ‬͸ PL *ke ͰΑ͍ɻ
(34) ‘cook’ PL *hrúN; C hrúN, K —, G —; A hongʦBasanta 2008: 196 #58ʧ; PTB —
஫ PTani *kr@N BOIL (STEDT #6408) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
(35) ‘cork/plug’ PL *CH -sot; C soP, K sh òt, G sh Òt; J mă31 tsut55 ; WrB {chV.}; PTB
¯
*ts@w-t (STEDT #2743)
(36) ‘cotton’ PL *to; C t@va, K t@yÒ, G —; A/Se tosı̄; PTB —
஫ ʢ27ʣPL *t(o/u) ‘CL:cloth’ ͱಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔͷͰɺPL *t(o/u) ͱ͢΂
͖͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻC t@-ɺK t@-͸ PL *to ͷॖ໿‫͓ͱࣜܗ‬΋ΘΕΔɻ
(37) ‘cover’ PL *krak; C kraP, K kaP ‘wear a hat’, G —; PTB —
(38) ‘crawl(1)’ PL *toy; C tW, K tE ‘walk’, G te ‘walk’; PTB —
(39) ‘crawl(2)’ PL *hór; C hóN, K P@hÓ, G hÓ; PTB —
஫ J khom33 ‘walk’ ͕ಉ‫͔ࣜܗݯ‬΋͠Εͳ͍஫ 14 ɻͦͷ͹͍͋ɺ;ͨͭͷՄೳੑ
͕ੜ͡Δ:ʢAʣPL *hó-m < *khó-m ͱ࠶ߏ͢ΔʢC/K/G/J ͢΂͕ͯಉ‫͔ͱݯ‬Μ
͕͑Δʣ
ɺ
ʢBʣC/J ͕ಉ‫ͯͬ͋Ͱݯ‬ɺK/G ͱ͸ಉ‫Ͱݯ‬͸ͳ͘ PL Λ࠶ߏͰ͖ͳ͍ɻ
(40) ‘cricket’ PL *k-rı́t; C krı́P, K klı́t, G kulı́t; J kh@krı́t஫ 15 ; PTB —
஫ ॳ಄ͷ PL *k-͸ಈ෺઀಄ࣙɺK/G ͷ-l-͸઀தࣙͰ͋Δͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻͨͩ
͠ɺC/K/G ͍ͣΕ΋ٖԻ‫͋Ͱޠ‬ΔՄೳੑ΋͋Δɻͦͷ͹͍͋ɺPL *k-͸઀಄ࣙ
Ͱ͸ͳ͍͠ɺK/G ͷ-l-͕઀தࣙͰͳ͍Մೳੑ΋͋Δɻ
஫ 14
஫ 15
ࠪಡऀ B ͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻ
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
− 11 −
藤原 敬介
(41) ‘cut (vi)’ PL *tuw; C tvu ‘break into two parts, break spontaneously’, K tu, G tu;
A/Se tu; J kă31 toi31 ‘cut (meat) by knife’(?); PTB —
(42) ‘cut (vt)’ PL *(t/th)uk; C Páth uP, K touP, G touP; J toP31 ; PTB *N/r-tuk (STEDT
#2709)
஫ C ͱ K/G ͱͰ಄ࢠԻͷରԠ͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻC tuP ‘build’ ͕ K/G ͱͷԻରԠ͚ͩ
Λߟྀ͢ΔͱɺΑΓΑ͍ɻ͔͠͠ҙຯ͕͋Θͳ͍ɻ
(43) ‘dance’ PL *sá; C Pasá, K —, G —; A k2m sha; PTB —
஫ A k2m ͷҙຯ͸ෆ໌ɻsha ͕ ‘dance’ ͱؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ʹ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(44) ‘dark’ PL *tháN; C th áN, K th áN, G th áN; A mı̄t tang(?) ‘blind’; PTB —
஫ ʢ59ʣ‘firefly’ ͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ɻA mı̄t ‘eye’ Ͱ͋Δɻtang ͷ಄ࢠԻ͸ෆ‫ن‬
ଇɻPTB *tsya(N/k) RED / DARK-COLORED / BLACK (STEDT #2683) ͱؔ܎
͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ͕ͩ಄ࢠԻ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻͳ͓ɺ͜ͷ PTB ͷ‫ʹࣜܗ‬ରͯ͠
STEDT #2683 Ͱ͸ C th ı́N ‘black’ ͕ಉ‫͕͋ͯ͠ͱࣜܗݯ‬Δɻ͔͠͠ɺ฼Ի͕͋
Θͳ͍ɻC th ı́N ‘black’ ʹ͸ PL *thyúm ͕࠶ߏ͠͏Δʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #79ʧɻ
(45) ‘dish (curry)’ PL *kan; C kaiN, K —, G —; A kanʦBasanta 2008: 196 #58ʧ; PTB
—
(46) ‘do’(?) PL *hék?; C -háiP, K —, G —; Se hek ‘work’; PTB —
஫ C -háiP ͸ΦϊϚτϖʹ෇Ճͯ͠ಈࢺԽ͢Δɻ୯ಠͰ͸΋͍ͪΒΕͳ͍ɻ
(47) ‘dredge’ PL *pan; C paiN, K pan, G pan; PTB —
(48) ‘dry in the sun’ PL *lám; C m@láN, K lám, G lám; J lam33 ; PTB *s-la(m/p) (STEDT
#3515)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 59ʧͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻC m@-͸ଞಈࢺ઀಄ࣙͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ઀
಄͕ࣙͳ͍ láN ͱ͍͏‫ࣜܗ‬͸ M láN ‘bright’ ͔Βͷआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Δɻ‘dry in the
sun’ ͱؔ࿈͢Δ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ະ֬ೝͰ͋Δɻ
(49) ‘dry up (vi)’ PL *(l/y)ák; C k@láP ‘roast’, K yáP, G láP; PTB —
஫ C/G l-ʹ K y-͕ରԠ͢ΔͷͰ PL *(l/y)-ͱͨ͠ɻC k@-͸ଞಈࢺ઀಄ࣙͰ͋
Δͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻͨͩ͠઀಄͕ࣙͳ͍ láP ͱ͍͏‫ࣜܗ‬͸୯ಠͰ͸֬ೝ͞Ε͍ͯ
ͳ͍ɻ
(50) ‘dust (v)’ PL *k-phı́k? < *k-phyúk?; C k@ph ı́P, K k@ph óuP, G k@ph úP; J a31 phu31 ;
PTB —
− 12 −
ルイ祖語の再考
஫ J ͸฼Ի͓Αͼ຤ࢠԻ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ͷͰಉ‫ͱݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(51) ‘embrace’ PL *kH -pay; C k@be, K —, G k@pÈ; PTB —
஫ C b-͸઀಄ࣙͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΔೋ࣍తͳมԽɻ
(52) ‘empty’ PL *k-CáN; C Pak@ááN (n), K k@páN (vi), G —; J (kă31 man31 , man31 ); PTB
—
஫ C á-ͱ K p-͚͔ͩΒ͸ PL ͷ಄ࢠԻΛܾఆͰ͖ͳ͍ɻJ ͸຤ࢠԻ͕͋Θͳ͍ɻ
(53) ‘end’ PL *thum; C th uN, K -k@th òm ‘youngest (suffix)’, G -k@th Òm ‘youngest (suffix)’; J thum31 ‘be ended’஫ 16 ; PTB —
஫ ʮ΋ͬͱ΋Θ͔͍ʯͱ͸ɺ͜Ͳ΋ͨͪͷதͰʮ͓ΘΓʯʹ͏·Εͨਓͷ͜ͱ
Λ͢͞ͱ͍͏఺ͰɺC ͱ K/G ʹҙຯతͭͳ͕Γ͕͋Δͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(54) ‘erect (vi)’ PL *káN; C káN, K káN, G káN; PTB —
(55) ‘exchange’ PL *kré-k; C kré, K cáiP, G káiP; J kă31 lai55 ; PTB *(g/m/s)-lay
CHANGE / EXCHANGE / BUY / BARTER (STEDT #2137)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 56ʧ͸ PL *kray Λ࠶ߏ͢Δɻͳ͓ PTB *gl- > PL *kr-ͱ͍
͏มԽ͕͋ͬͨͱਪఆ͞ΕΔɻ
(56) ‘fall/be.suitable’ PL *(l/y)ét; C láiP ‘be suitable’, K PÉt ‘fall’, G lÉt ‘fall’; PTB —
஫ C/G l-ʹ K y-͕ରԠ͢Δྫʢෟ࿥ 1 #49 ‘dry up (vi)’ʣʹ४͡ΔɻK Ͱ͸ y-ʹ
E ͕‫ޙ‬ଓ͢Δྫ͕आ༻‫ػͱޠ‬ೳ‫͔͋͠ʹޠ‬ΒΘΕͳ͍͜ͱ͔ΒɺyV ͱ PE ͸૬
ิ෼෍͍ͯ͠Δͱ͔Μ͕͑ΒΕΔɻ
(57) ‘feel pity’ PL *á-can; C PácaiN, K P@sàn, G sàn; J mă31 tsan31 ; PTB —
¯
(58) ‘few’ PL *cı́t; C cı́Psa, K sit=nâ, G —; PTB —
஫ C -sa ͸ࢦখࣙɻK Ͱ͸ sı́t ͱ͍͏‫ͦܗޠ‬ͷ΋ͷ͕୯ಠͰ͸֬ೝ͞Εͯ͸͍ͳ
͍ɻͨͩ͠ɺड़෦ඪࣝ=nâ͕Լ߱ௐͰ͋ΒΘΕ͍ͯΔͱ͜Ζ͔Β൑அ͢Δͱɺ‫ج‬
ఈ‫ܗ‬͸ sı́t Ͱ͋Δͱਪఆ͞ΕΔɻ
(59) ‘firefly’ PL *wan-tháN; C vaiNth áNs1, K k@th áN, G wanth áN; J mjiP31 than33 tu31 ; PTB
¯
—
஫ ʢ44ʣ‘dark’ ͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ɻC ͸ ‘fire-dark-fruit’ɺPL/G/J ͸ ‘fire-dark’ ͱ
͍͏‫ܗޠ‬੒ɻK ͷ k@-͸ಈ෺઀಄ࣙͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻJ ͷ຤ࢠԻ-n ͸ಉԽʹΑΔ΋
஫ 16
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
− 13 −
藤原 敬介
ͷ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(60) ‘fish (v)’ PL *áe-t; C áe, K pet, G mEt; J PmyékʦMaran 1978: 790ʧ, Námyı́t
‘fish-hook’ʦMaran 1978: 867ʧ஫ 17 ; PTB —
஫ K/G ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ Shan met4 ‘catch with a bait (v), fishhook (n)’ ͱ΋ؔ࿈͍ͯ͠
ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ͜ͷγϟϯ‫ʹޠ‬ରԠ͢ΔλΠॾ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ Liʦ1977: 69 #20ʧ
ʹ͋ΓɺλΠ૆‫*Ͱޠ‬Pb-͕࠶ߏ͠͏Δ‫͍ͯͬͳͱࣜܗ‬Δɻͨͩ͠ɺK/G ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬
͸आ༻‫ޠ‬ಈࢺʹಛ༗ͷ‫ܗ‬ଶૉͰ͋Δ-tÓ/lÓΛͱ΋ͳΘͣɺ‫ݻ‬༗‫͍͔ͭ͋͞ޠ‬Εͯ
͓Γɺγϟϯ‫͔ޠ‬Βͷआ༻‫ͱޠ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍ɻͳ͓ K/G Ͱ-t ͕෇Ճ͢Δྨྫͱ͠
ͯ͸ʢ101ʣPL *ku-t ‘play’ ͕͋Δɻ
(61) ‘fishy’ PL *súw; C svú, K sh ú, G sh ú; J tsu31 ‘be stale’஫ 18 ; WrB {sV:}; PTB —
¯
(62) ‘flea’ PL *kuy-s(i/e)k; C kvusiP, K cish eiP, G cish aiP; J kui31 tsiP55 ஫ 19 ; PTB —
¯
஫ ‘dog’ PL *kuyʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #138ʧ + ‘louse’ PL *sikʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #167ʧͱ
͓΋ΘΕΔɻͨͩ͠ɺG ͷ฼Ի͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇͰ͋Δɻ
(63) ‘ginger’ PL *kV́; C ké, K k@sı́N, G k@sı́N; PTani *kre:? (STEDT #6394: provisional)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 64ʧ͸ PTB *kyaNʢSTEDT #647ʣΛಉ‫͢ͱࣜܗݯ‬Δ͚ΕͲ
΋ɺC ͷ฼Ի͕͋Θͳ͍ɻͳ͓ C -e ͷΈΛࠜ‫ ʹڌ‬PL ͷ฼ԻΛܾఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͸
Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻK/G k@-͸ PL kV́ ͕઀಄ࣙԽͨ͠΋ͷͱਪଌ͞ΕΔɻ
(64) ‘gong’ PL *CH -moN; C moN, K (máuN), G màuN; WrB {mong’:}, M mÓN; PTB —
஫ K ͸੠ௐ͔Β൑அͯ͠ϏϧϚ‫͔ޠ‬Βͷआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Δ͚ΕͲ΋ɺG ͸੠ௐ͔Β
൑அͯ͠आ༻‫Ͱޠ‬͸ͳ͍ͱਪఆ͞ΕΔɻ
(65) ‘guest’ PL *CH -nam; C PánaN, K nàm, G nàm; J mă31 nam31 ; PTB —
(66) ‘hang/droop’ PL *tóy; C tẂl@láN (adv), K t@lÉ, G t@lé ‘fall down’; PTB —
஫ C tẂl@láN ʹରԠ͢Δඇॏෳ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ tẂ͕༧૝͞ΕΔɻ͔͠͠ C tẂ୯ಠͰͷҙ
ຯ͸ ‘go forward’ Ͱ͋Γɺ͜͜Ͱͷॏෳ‫ͱࣜܗ‬͸ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻK/G -l-͸઀தࣙɻ
PTB *(d/n)way (STEDT #684) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
஫ 17
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸͍ͣΕ΋ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ‘fish-hook’ ͷ‫ޙ‬෦ཁૉ͸γϟϯ‫͔ޠ‬Βͷआ
஫ 18
J ͓Αͼ WrB ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Δͱ͍͏ɻ
஫ 19
− 14 −
ルイ祖語の再考
(67) ‘hang/swing’ PL *nV?; C PanẂ, K nù, G nÒ; PTB —
஫ C/K/G Ͱ฼Ի΋੠ௐ΋ରԠ͠ͳ͍͚ΕͲ΋ɺ಄ࢠԻͱҙຯ͸Α͘Ұக͢Δɻ
J noi55 ΍ PTB *(d/n)way (STEDT #684) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
(68) ‘hate’ PL *C-sV-k; C Páse, K (s@lèp), G (sÈp); A kesek; PTB —
஫ C s-͸ K/G Ͱ͸ sh -ͰରԠ͢Δͷ͕௨ଇͰ͋Δ͔ΒɺK s@lèpɺG sÈp ͸ಉ‫ݯ‬
‫ͱࣜܗ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍ɻͳ͓ C/A -e ͔Β͸ɺPL *-eɺ*-ayɺ*-iy ͱ͍͏Մೳੑ͕͋
Δɻ͍ͣΕͰ͋Δ͔Λܾఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻ
(69) ‘hide’ PL *tı́m; C tı́N ‘quiet’, K tı́m, G —; PTB —
(70) ‘how(1)’ PL *CH -may?; C —, K h@mÉ ‘who’, G mÈ; A me ‘what’ʦBasanta 2008:
196 #58ʧ, Se mé; PTB *(b/m)a-y WHAT (STEDT #167)
஫ K ͱ G ͱͰ੠ௐ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻ
(71) ‘how(2)’ PL *s/hH -ni(n/N); C —, K h@nı̀N, G —; A hanin(g) ‘why’, A/Se sanin(g)
‘how’; J kă31 niN31 ; PTB —
஫ McCullochʦ1859ʧͰ͸ ‘why’ ͕ A haninga gaɺ‘how’ ͕ A/Se saninga ra
ͱද‫͞ه‬Ε͍ͯΔɻ͢ͳΘͪ hanin-ga ga/sanin-ga ra ͱ෼ੳ͢Δ΂͖Ͱ͋Δ͔
haning-a ga/saning-a ra ͱ෼ੳ͢Δ΂͖Ͱ͋Δ͔ܾఆͰ͖ͳ͍ɻଞํɺK -iN ͸
PL *-in ·ͨ͸ PL *-iN ʹ༝དྷ͢Δɻͦ͜Ͱ PL ͷ࠶ߏ‫ͯ͠ͱࣜܗ‬΋ɺ-n/N ͷΑ
͏ʹɺෳ਺ͷՄೳੑΛ͠Ί͓ͯ͘͠ɻ
(72) ‘hole’ PL *huN? < *khuN?; C PahúN, K huNhauP, G h@lúN ‘strainer’; J n31 khun33 ;
PTB *(g/k)uN (STEDT #820)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 65ʧͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻͨͩ͠ K tOhaN ͱ͍ͯ͠Δ΋ͷ͸‫ݯޠ‬త
ʹ͸ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻC ͱ K ͸੠ௐ͕͋Θͳ͍͕ɺҙຯతʹ͸໰୊ͳ͍ɻC ͱ G ͸
੠ௐ͸͋͏͚ΕͲ΋ɺҙຯʹ΁ͩͨΓ͕͋Δɻͳ͓ G -l-͸઀தࣙɻ
(73) ‘-HORTATIVE’ PL *-má-k; C maP ∼ -máP, K -máP, G -má; PTB —
(74) ‘howl (dog)’ PL *sı́k? < *syúk?; C sı́P, K sh úP, G sh úP; PTB —
(75) ‘husband’s elder sister’ PL *néiN?; C p@náiN ‘elder woman’, K néiN, G P@néiN; A
aaning ‘mother-in-law’; PTB —
஫ PL *-eiN ͸͜ͷྫʹ͔͠ͳ͘ɺෆࣗવͰ͋Δ͔Βɺকདྷతʹ͸͞Βʹվఆ͠
ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͔͍ͨɻPTB *ney <
> *ni(y) AUNT / MOTHER-IN-
LAW (STEDT #2507) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
− 15 −
藤原 敬介
(76) ‘husk/thresh’ PL *sun; C krı́PsuN ‘a tool to husk rice’, K sh un, G sh un; PTB —
஫ C krı́P ࣗମʹ ‘husk (v)’ ͷҙຯ͕͋Δ͚ΕͲ΋ɺsuN ʹ΋ྨࣅͨ͠ҙຯ͕͋
Δͱਪఆ͞ΕΔɻ
(77) ‘insert one’s hand into something’ PL *CH -nuk; C PánuP, K nòuP, G nàuP; J
a31 NjoP55 ‘poke’஫ 20 ; PTB —
¯
஫ PTani *nWk STAB (STEDT #6503) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
(78) ‘kind of balcony’ PL *kı́m-pák; C k@báP, K cémpáP, G cı́mpáP; PTB —
஫ K cém-ɺG cı́m-͸͍ͣΕ΋ ‘house’ ͷҙຯʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #142ʧɻC k@-΋ kı́N
‘house’ ͕ऑԽͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋ΔՄೳੑ͕͔͍ͨɻͳ͓ɺC b-͸઀಄ࣙͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬Α
Δೋ࣍తͳมԽɻ
(79) ‘knead’ PL *kH -Co-k: C k@âoP, K k@tÒ, G —; PTB —
஫ ରԠ͢Δ G ͷ‫͕ࣜܗ‬Θ͔Βͳ͚Ε͹ɺPL ͷ಄ࢠԻΛܾఆͰ͖ͳ͍ɻ
(80) ‘lay eggs’ PL *ti; C kyi, K ti, G ti; J ti31 ; PTB *d(w)@y (STEDT #300)
஫ PL *ti ‘egg’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #67ʧͱಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬ɻ
(81) ‘lazy’ PL *CH -nV; C n@pyaN, K nı̀, G nı̀; PTB —
஫ C n@-͸ K/G ͕ऑԽͨ͠‫ͱࣜܗ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔɻͨͩ͠ K/G -i ͷΈ͔Β͸ɺPL
ͷ฼ԻΛܾఆͰ͖ͳ͍ɻͳ͓ C -pyaN ͸ WrB {pyang’:}ɺM pyáN ‘lazy’ ͱؔ܎
͍ͯ͠Δͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(82) ‘let out (fart)’ PL *ph ı́; C ph ı́, K ph ı́, G ph ı́; PTB *pya-n/t/s FART / SHIT (STEDT
#311)
(83) ‘linker for borrowed-verbs’ PL *-(l/t)ó; C —, K -tÓ, G -lÓ; A/Se -to; PTB —
(84) ‘loosen’ PL *hrá-p; C hrá, K háp, G háp; PTB —
(85) ‘many’ PL *lOn?; C lóN, K lOn, G —; J loP55 ; PTB —
஫ C ͱ K ͱͰ੠ௐ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻ·ͨ C -oN ʹ K -On ͕ରԠ͢Δྫ͸΄͔ʹ͸
ͳ͍ɻ͔ͩΒಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍Մೳੑ΋͔͍ͨɻଞํ C ͱ J ͕ಉ‫͋Ͱݯ‬Δ
ͳΒ*ló(k/N) ͱ͍ͬͨ૆‫͕ܗ‬૝ఆ͞Ε͏Δɻ
(86) ‘mat(1)’ PL *hrám; C hráN, K hám, G —; PTB *hyam (STEDT #3532)
஫ 20
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
− 16 −
ルイ祖語の再考
(87) ‘mat(2)’ PL *s-lóN; C —, K sh @lóuN, G sh @láuN; A/Se sorong; PTB —
஫ A/Se ʹ͓͍ͯ l-͸‫ޠ‬தͰ-r-ͱͳΔɻ
(88) ‘moan’ PL *s-krin; C s@kriN ‘moan/shiver’, K —, G sh ı̀Pkı̀n; J kă31 Zin33 ‘shiver’;
PTB —
(89) ‘mustard’ PL *mún; C múNyáN, K —, G k@mún; A kamunʦBasanta 2008: 197
#62ʧ; PTB —
(90) ‘nutshell’ PL *kó; C áekó, K klÓ, G —; PTB —
஫ C ͸౾ͷҰछͰʮϞμϚʯͱΑ͹ΕΔ΋ͷɻáe-͕ʮ౾ʯΛҙຯ͠ɺ-kó͕֪Λ
ҙຯ͍ͯ͠Δͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻK -l-͸઀தࣙɻ
(91) ‘old man’ PL *kón; C naiPkóN ‘son’s wife’s father, daughter’s husband’s father’,
K kónth àuN, G —; PTB —
஫ C ͷҙຯ͸ʮ͜Ͳ΋ͷ഑‫ऀۮ‬ͷ෕਌ʯɻK ͸ʮ࿝ਓʯɻͲͪΒ΋೥ྸ͕͔͍ͨ
உੑͰ͋Δͱ͍͏఺͕‫ڞ‬௨͍ͯ͠Δͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(92) ‘open the eyes’ PL *prán; C práiN, K pán, G pán; J pran33 ‘get sober’; PTB —
(93) ‘open the mouth’ PL *a?; C Pá, K Pà, G Pa; PTB —
஫ C/K/G ͍ͣΕ΋੠ௐ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻٖ੠‫͔ͩޠ‬ΒͰ͋ΔՄೳੑ͕͔͍ͨɻ
(94) ‘overflow’ PL *práp <
> *prát?; C práiP, K páp, G páp; J kă31 pZat55 ; PTB *(b/p)rup
¯
(STEDT #2171)
஫ C ͱ JɺK ͱ G ͸࣮֬ʹಉ‫͍͑ͱࣜܗݯ‬Δɻ͔͠͠ C/J ͱ K/G ͱͰ຤ࢠԻͷ
ରԠ͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇͰ͋Δɻ
(95) ‘pain (vi)’ PL *kH -na; C k@na, K k@nà, G k@nà; J a31 na31 ‘ill’; WrB {naa}; PTB
*na-(n/t) (STEDT #160)
(96) ‘peck (v)’ PL *hru?; C hru, K hO, G hu ‘beat with a stick’; PTB —
஫ K ͷ฼Ի͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻ
(97) ‘pestle’ PL *mú(N/k); C múN, K múPcı̀N, G múNkı̀N ∼ múNcı̀N; PTB —
஫ J thum31 mun33 Λߟྀ͢Ε͹ɺK/G ͱ΋ʹ຤ࢠԻ͕ಉԽͨ͠‫͋Ͱࣜܗ‬Γɺ૆
‫ܗ‬͸*mún ͱ͢΂͖͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(98) ‘pheasant’ PL *(r/l)ek; C raiP, K PuleiP, G PÒlaiP; M rOiP; J u31 ZiP31 ; PTB *s-rik
<
> *s-ryak (STEDT #2610)
− 17 −
藤原 敬介
஫ C ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸੠ௐ͔Β൑அ͢Δͱ‫ݻ‬༗‫͋Ͱޠ‬Δ͚ΕͲ΋ɺM ͔Βͷआ༻ͱ͍͏
Մೳੑ΋͋Δɻ
(99) ‘pile’ PL *CH -thap: C th aP, K th àp, G th àp; J kă31 thap31 ; WrB {thap’}; PTB *(g/l)t(y)ap (STEDT #2692)
(100) ‘pinch’ PL *CH -th(i/e)k; C Páth iP, K th èiP, G th àiP; PTB —
஫ C/K ʹ͸ PL *-ikɺK/G ʹ͸ PL *-ek ͷՄೳੑ͕͋ΔͷͰɺPL *-(i/e)k ͱ͠
͓ͯ͘ɻ
(101) ‘play’ PL *kru-t; C kru, K kot, G kut; A ku; PTB —
஫ K/G ʹ-t ͕෇Ճ͢Δྨྫͱͯ͠͸ʢ60ʣPL *áe-t ‘fish (v)’ ͕͋Δɻ
(102) ‘=PLURAL (+n) (2)’ PL *=ka; C —, K =ka, G =ka; A/Se ga; PTB —
஫ K/G =ka ͸ର۟తʹ࢖༻͞ΕΔɻA/Se ga ͸୅໊ࢺʹ‫ޙ‬ଓ͢ΔྫͷΈͰ֬ೝ
͞Εɺ‫ޠ‬தͳͷͰ༗੠ԻԽ͍ͯ͠Δͱਪఆ͞ΕΔɻ
(103) ‘pull’ PL *kyúN; C kı́N, K (tún), G (tún); A kong; PTB —
஫ C Ͱ kyuN ͱͳΔ΋ͷ͸आ༻‫͔ޠ‬ɺ‘finger’ taPkyúN ͷΑ͏ʹ PL *takʦ౻‫ݪ‬
2012b #54ʧͷ຤ࢠԻ͕ PTB *s-m-yuNʢSTEDT #320ʣͷ಄ࢠԻͱಉԽ͍ͯ͠Δ
ͱ෼ੳͰ͖ΔྫͷΈͰ͋Δɻ
(104) ‘press (v)’ PL *rH -th im; C r@th iN, K th èm, G th Èm ∼ th Èp; J tem31 ‘stamp’஫ 21 ; PTB
—
(105) ‘pull out’ PL *pók; C PapóP, K páuP, G páuP; J po55 , Si boP2 ஫ 22 ; PTB —
(106) ‘python’ PL *p-túN; C p@dúN, K p@tóuN, G —; J pă33 nui33 ∼ pu33 nui33 ; PTB —
¯
¯
஫ PL *p-͸ PTB *b@w SNAKE (STEDT #2178) ʹ༝དྷ͢Δͱਪఆ͞ΕΔɻͦ͠
ͯ*-túN ͸ʢ13ʣ‘big’ ͱ͔Μ͕͑ΒΕΔɻ͢ͳΘͪશମͱͯ͠͸ ‘snake’ + ‘big’
ͱ͍͏‫ߏޠ‬੒Λ͍ͯ͠Δɻͳ͓ C d-͸઀಄ࣙͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΔೋ࣍తͳมԽɻ
(107) ‘=QUESTION(2)’ PL *=lá; C —, K =lá, G =lá; A/Se ra; WrB {laa:}; PTB *la-y
(STEDT #5498: provisional)
஫ 21
஫ 22
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻͨͩ͠಄ࢠԻͷରԠ͕௨ଇʹ͋Θͳ͍ɻ
Si ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻࠪಡऀ B ʹΑΔͱɺঃଞฤʦ1983ʧͳͲͰ‫ه‬ड़͞Ε
Δδϯϙʔॾ‫ޠ‬ೆ෦ํ‫Ͱ܈ݴ‬ෆ‫ن‬ଇʹ୤མ͢ΔԻઅ຤ͷೈ‫ࢠ֖ޱ‬Ի͕ɺγϯϙʔ‫ʹޠ‬୅ද
͞ΕΔ๺෦ํ‫Ͱ܈ݴ‬͸อ࣋͞Ε͍ͯΔɻྨྫʹෟ࿥ 1 #118 ‘sap’ ΍ෟ࿥ 1 #130 ‘soft(2)’
͕͋Δɻ
− 18 −
ルイ祖語の再考
஫ ‘=QUESTION (1)’ PL *=léʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #262ʧͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ɻͳ͓ɺA/Se
ʹ͓͍ͯ l-͸‫ޠ‬தͰ͸-r-Ͱ͋ΒΘΕΔɻ
(108) ‘raw/unripe’ PL *kH -seN?; C Pak@sı́N, K k@sh èiN, G k@sh àiN; Jg. kă31 tsiN33 ; PTB
¯
*dz(y)im (STEDT #1005)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 60ʧͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻ੠ௐҎ֎͸ C/K/G ͰΑ͘ରԠ͢Δɻ
(109) ‘reach’ PL *lap; C laP, K lap, G lap; PTB —
(110) ‘receive’ PL *á-ta; C Páta, K P@tà ∼ tà, G tà; PTB —
(111) ‘release’ PL *tat; C p@daiP ‘interrupt’, K tat, G tat; J tat31 ; PTB —
஫ C ͷ p@-͸͓ͦΒ͘࢖໾઀಄ࣙͰ͋ΓɺC d-ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔͷ͸ͦͷӨ‫ڹ‬ɻ
K/G/J ͱ͸ҙຯ͕‫ٯ‬స͍ͯ͠Δ͚ΕͲ΋ɺԻରԠͱͯ͠͸Α͘Ͱ͖͍ͯΔɻ·
ͨɺ࢖໾ͱड਎͸௨‫ޠݴ‬తʹΈΕ͹ɺ૬͍ؔͯ͠Δྫ͕ΈΒΕΔɻ
(112) ‘reply’ PL *tháN; C Path áN, K th áN, G th áN; J thaN ‘return, give back’ʦMaran 1978:
1072ʧ஫ 23 ; PTB —
(113) ‘rinse mouth’ *k-CrúN < *k-árúN?; C k@brúN, K k@póuN, G k@máuN; PTB —
஫ K p-ʹରͯ͠ G m-Ͱ͋Δ͔ΒɺC á-͕༧૝͞ΕΔɻ͔͠͠ b-ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ
͜Ε͸ɺ-r-ʹΑͬͯೖഁԻ્͕֐͞Εͯ p-ͱͳͬͨ͋ͱɺ઀಄ࣙ k-ͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬Α
Γ༗੠Խͯ͠ b-ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔͨΊͱ͔Μ͕͑ΒΕΔɻฏߦྫ͸ෟ࿥ 2 #72 Λ
ࢀরɻ
(114) ‘river’ PL *hraN; C hraN ‘CL:river’, K y@hàuN, G wéhàN; A mehangʦBasanta 2008:
199 #96ʧ; PTB —
஫ K ͷ฼Ի͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻG wéɺA me ͸ ‘water’ ͷҙຯɻ
(115) ‘roll’ PL *kH -ton < *kH -tol?; C k@duN, K k@tòn, G k@tÒn; PTB *r-tul (STEDT
#2713)
஫ C d-͸઀಄ࣙͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΔೋ࣍తͳมԽɻ
(116) ‘salty’ PL *syúm; C sı́Nr@rı́N, K sh óm, G sh Óm; J Sum33 ; PTB —
஫ PL *ryum ‘salt’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #100ʧ΍ PTB *g-ryum SALT (STEDT #2644)
ͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
஫ 23
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
− 19 −
藤原 敬介
(117) ‘sand’ PL *sé; C sé, K sh @màt, G sh aPsh @lÉ; J sai31 ; WrB {saY}, M Té; PTB —
஫ PL *sé͕ॖ໿ͯ͠ K sh @-ͱͳΓɺ‫ޙ‬ଓ͢ΔԻઅΛ௿੠ௐʹ͍ͯ͠ΔɻG -l-͸
઀தࣙɻC ͸ M ͔Βͷआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬ΔՄೳੑ΋͋Δɻ
(118) ‘sap’ PL *nók; C PanóP, K náuP, G náuPnáuP; J no55 , Si phun4 noP2 ஫ 24 ; PTB —
(119) ‘scratch(2)’ PL *hré(t) < *khré(t); C PahráiP, K hÉ ∼ P@hÉ, G hı́t; J mă31 khZet31 ,
mă31 khjit31 ஫ 25 ; PTB *m-kryat (STEDT #6131)
(120) ‘seed’ PL *tuw; C Patvu, K t@tu, G tuttu; A tudu ‘pulse’; J tu31 ‘grow (plant)’஫ 26 ;
¯
PTB *dz@y (STEDT #3559)
(121) ‘-SEQUENTIAL’ PL *-kó-k; C -kóP, K —, G -kó; PTB —
(122) ‘sesame’ PL *sH -nam; C s@naN, K sh @nàm, G sh @nàm; J tSiN55 nam51 ; WrB
¯
{nham’:}; PTB *s-nam (STEDT #2487)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 59ʧͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻ
(123) ‘shape/state’ PL *CH -hraN < *CH -khraN; C PáhraN, K k@hàN, G —; J khZaN31 ; PTB
—
(124) ‘shine’ PL *thi; C th i, K th i, G th i; J thoi31 ஫ 27 ; PTB —
஫ C háN th i Ͱʮ໷͕໌͚ΔʯɺK/G sh @tá th i Ͱʮ݄ޫ͕͔͕΍͘ʯͱ͍͏ҙຯɻ
th i ͷ෦෼͕ʮ͔͕΍͘ʯͱ͍ͬͨҙຯͰ‫ڞ‬௨͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ʹ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(125) ‘sky’ PL *háN; C háN-, K h@láN, G h@láN; A/Se har2ng; J mă31 ZaN33 ‘rain’; PTB
*m/s-raN RAIN (STEDT #3571)
஫ C háN-͸୯ಠͰ͸΋͍ͪΒΕͳ͍ɻháNká ‘sunshine’ ΍ háNgr1 ‘cloud’ ͱ͍ͬ
ͨෳ߹‫ޠ‬ͷͳ͔Ͱ͋ΒΘΕΔɻK/G ͷ-l-͸઀தࣙɻPL *hráN ‘cloud’ʦ౻‫ݪ‬
2012b #201ʧͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ɻ
(126) ‘smear’ PL *áor?; C k@áoN, K pÓ, G mÓ; PTB —
஫ C ͱ K/G ͱͰ੠ௐ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻC k-͸ଞಈࢺ઀಄ࣙɻ
஫ 24
஫ 25
஫ 26
஫ 27
Si ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
− 20 −
ルイ祖語の再考
(127) ‘smoke’ PL *wan-huw-k < *wal-khuw-k; C vaiNhvu, K (wansh uN), G wannuP; A
˚
walkhū, Se walhū; J wan31 khut31 ஫ 28 ; PTB *k@w-n/t (STEDT #2361)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 55ʧͷࢦఠʹΑΓɺ౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012b #280ʧͰ͸ PL *wan- <
*wal-ͱͷΈ͍ͯͨ͠΋ͷʹ௥‫ͨ͠ه‬ɻͨͩ͠ PL *kuwʦMatisoff 2013: 55ʧͱ
͸࠶ߏ͠ͳ͍ɻͳ͓ G wannuP < *wan-huP Ͱ͋Δɻ
˚
(128) ‘soak’ PL *pám; C páN, K pám, G pám; PTB —
(129) ‘soft(1)’ PL *nyum?; C PáNn@nı́Nsa ‘be fresh (leaf)’, K nom, G nOm; J nem31 ‘low’;
PTB *s-nyam LOW/ SOFT (STEDT #46)
஫ C ͱ K/G ͱͰ੠ௐ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻ
(130) ‘soft(2)’ PL *yak; C —, K —, G pùtyaPyaP; A yak; J kya31 , Si k@yaP3 ஫ 29 ; PTB —
¯
஫ G ‘soft’ ͸ pút ͕‫ج‬ຊ‫͋Ͱࣜܗ‬ΓɺpùtyaPyaP ͸೿ੜ‫ࣜܗ‬ɻ-yaPyaP ୯ಠͰ͸
΋͍ͪΒΕͳ͍ɻ
(131) ‘sole (of foot)’ PL *ta-phar; C Pát@ph aiN, K tat@ph a, G t@ph a; J lă31 ko33 lă31 phan31 ;
PTB *p(l)a-n <
> *p(w)a-n (STEDT #776)
஫ PL *ta- ‘foot/leg’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #37ʧͱͷෳ߹‫ࣜܗ‬ɻK/G ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬Λߟྀ͢Δ
ͱɺPTB ͸*p(l/w)a-r ͱͨ͠΄͏͕Α͍ͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(132) ‘sow’ PL *téN? < *tyáN?; C tı́N, K téiN, G táiN; PTB —
஫ PTani *di: ∼ *diN (STEDT #6288) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
(133) ‘space’ PL *kra; C Pákra, K ka ‘sparse’, G ka ‘sparse’; WrB {@a kraa:}; PTB
*gla (STEDT #691)
஫ ੠ௐͷରԠ͔Β൑அͯ͠ɺC ͸‫ݻ‬༗‫͓ͱޠ‬΋ΘΕΔɻ
(134) ‘spill (v)’ PL *(m/p)a; C ma, K pa, G ma; PTB —
஫ K p-ʹ G m-͕ରԠ͢ΔྫͰ͸ C á-͕༧૝͞ΕΔɻ͔͠͠ɺͦ͏ͳ͍ͬͯͳ
͍ͷͰɺPL *(m/p)-Λ࠶ߏ͓ͯ͘͠ɻ
(135) ‘spread’ PL *krá(m/N); C kráN, K kám, G kám; A kangʦBasanta 2008: 198 #89ʧ;
PTB —
஫ ຤ࢠԻ͕͋Θͳ͍ͷͰɺC/A ͕ಉ‫͋Ͱݯ‬ΔͳΒ K/G ͱ͸ಉ‫Ͱݯ‬͸ͳ͘ɺ
C/K/G ͕ಉ‫͋Ͱݯ‬ΔͳΒ A ͸ಉ‫Ͱݯ‬͸ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
஫ 28
஫ 29
ࠪಡऀ B ʹΑΔͱ J ͷ-t ͸໊ࢺԽ઀ඌࣙɻ
Si ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
− 21 −
藤原 敬介
(136) ‘sprinkle water’ PL *áák; C ááP, K páPwÉ ‘raindrop (n)’, G máPwé ‘raindrop (n)’;
PTB *pr(y/w)ak (STEDT #5695)
஫ K wÉͱ G wé͸ͱ΋ʹ ‘water’ ͷҙຯɻ
(137) ‘squeeze’ PL *k-cı́p; C k@jı́P ‘wash clothes by scrubbing’, K k@sı́p, G k@sı́p; J
> *(t)swap (STEDT #86)
Sup31 ; PTB *(t)sy(i/u)p <
஫ C j-͸઀಄ࣙͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΔೋ࣍తͳมԽɻ
(138) ‘stir/sieve’ PL *k-cáp; C k@jáP, K k@sáp ‘stir’, sáp ‘sieve’, G k@sáp ‘stir’, sáp
‘sieve’; PTB —
஫ C j-͸઀಄ࣙͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΔೋ࣍తͳมԽɻ
(139) ‘stretch’ PL *(r)yáN; C cáN-goP, K yáN, G yáN; PTB *s-r(i/u)N LONG / ELONGATE (STEDT #1011)
஫ PL *cat < *ryat ‘eight’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #98ʧ΍ PL *ca < *r-ya ‘light (weight)’
ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #96ʧͱ͍ͬͨฏߦྫ͔Β PL *(r)y-Λ࠶ߏ͢Δɻ
(140) ‘strike’ PL *phek?; C s@ph aiP, K ph eiP ‘scale with chopper’, G ph aiP ‘scale with
chopper’; PTB —
(141) ‘suck(2)’ PL *cuk; C cuP, K souP, G sauPsh i ‘bosom’; J tSuP55 ‘breast/milk’; PTB
¯
*tsyuk <
> *dzyuk (STEDT #5540)
஫ PL *cúp ‘suck(1)’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #85ʧͱ͸ผ‫ࣜܗ‬ɻ
(142) ‘sweep/broom’ PL *s-phrék?; C s@ph ráiP, K —, G sh @ph áiPth Ò ∼ sh @páiPth Ò; J je55 ,
Si weP3 ஫ 30 ; PTB *k/p-y(w)ak SCOOP / SWEEP (STEDT #2587)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 68ʧͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻ
(143) ‘take a rest after flying’ PL *p(u/o)?; C pú, K —, G pO; PTB —
஫ ੠ௐ΋฼Ի΋ෆ‫ن‬ଇͰ͋Δ͔Βɺಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(144) ‘take off’ PL *khyup?; C SuP, K húp, G húp ‘peel’; PTB —
஫ C ͱ K/G ͱͰ੠ௐ͕͋Θͳ͍ɻ
(145) ‘tamarind’ PL *maN-kreN?; C maNgraiN, K máNcéiN, G m@céiN; J mă55 kjeN51 ஫ 31 ;
WrB {man’kyaN˜’:}; PTB —
஫ 30
஫ 31
Si ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻͳ͓ɺ͜ͷ‫ޠ‬͸ Shan ͔Βͷआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Δͱ͍͏ɻ
− 22 −
ルイ祖語の再考
஫ C ͱ K/G ͱͰ͸੠ௐ͕͋Θͳ͍ɻShan maak2 kEN4 ΋ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕
͋Δɻ
(146) ‘taste (v)’ PL *CH -c(i/e)k; C PáciP, K (sop), G sàiP; PTB —
(147) ‘thatch roof’ PL *s-(h)-nyú-n?; C s@h@nı́N, K sh @nú ∼ sh @nún, G sh @nú; J
Să33 Nu33 ஫ 32 ; PTB —
(148) ‘this(1)’ PL *ma?; C má=, K ma=, G =ma; PTB —
஫ C ͷ੠ௐ͕ K/G ͱରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻͳ͓ C Páma ‘he/she/it’ɺK m@taP ‘they’ʢ-taP
͸ෳ਺‫ܗ‬ඪࣝͰ͋Γ PL *Cakʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #289ʧʹ༝དྷ͢ΔʣɺG P@mà ‘this’
ʢφϯβʔํ‫ݴ‬ɺϜʔαʔํ‫ݴ‬ʣͳͲ΋ಉ‫͓ͱࣜܗݯ‬΋ΘΕΔɻ
(149) ‘this(2)’ PL *in?; C —, K Pı̀n ∼ Pı̀N, G PÉn; A/Se in; PTB —
஫ K ͱ G ͷ੠ௐ͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻ
(150) ‘= TOPIC’ PL *=ká-w?; C =ká, K =ká, G =kÓ; J ko31 ஫ 33 ; WrB {ko}; PTB —
(151) ‘uncle’ PL *wáN; C —, K wáNCı̀ ‘father’s younger brother’, G P@wáN ‘father’s
> *pw aN (STEDT #2183)
younger brother’; A awang; PTB *bw aN <
(152) ‘upwards(?)’ PL *lok; C m@loP ‘throw away from up to down’, K —, G —; A
pung-lok ‘lift up’; PTB —
஫ PKC *hlok-I, hloP-II SHAKE / LIFT UP (STEDT #5121) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳ
ੑ͕͋Δɻ
(153) ‘use a stick’ PL *t(ó/ú)?; C moNdó ‘stick’, K tú, G tú; J sum33 toi33 ‘stick’; PTB —
஫ ฼ԻͷରԠ͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻ
(154) ‘vegetable bed’ PL *kam; C PiPkaN ‘working place in the field’, K klam, G -kam;
PTB —
஫ Kadu ͸઀தࣙ-l-͕͸͍ͬͨ‫ࣜܗ‬ɻG -kam ͸ cáiPtòn kam ‘mango bed’ ͷΑ
͏ʹɺ઀ඌࣙͱͯ͠ͷΈ͔ͭΘΕΔɻ
(155) ‘voice’ PL *krá; C Pákra, K sh @klá, G —; PTB —
஫ K -l-͸઀தࣙɻ
஫ 32
஫ 33
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
− 23 −
藤原 敬介
(156) ‘wash (rice)’ PL *k-cér; C k@jáiN, K k@sÉ, G k@sÉ; J kă31 Sin31 ; PTB —
஫ C j-͸઀಄ࣙͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΔೋ࣍తͳมԽɻJ ͷ಄ࢠԻ͸ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻ
(157) ‘wear (hat)’ PL *ph ur?; C ph uN ‘pull a quild over oneself’, K ph ú, G ph ú; J phun55
‘wear (a garment)’஫ 34 ; PTB *bu(w) (STEDT #2180)
஫ C ͱ K/G ͱͰ੠ௐ͕͋Θͳ͍ɻ
(158) ‘wear (necklace)’ PL *kr(i/e)k; C kriP, K ceiP, G kaiP ∼ caiP; PTB —
(159) ‘wear (shirts)’ PL *t(u/o)?; C tu, K tO, G tO ‘wear (turban)’; PTB —
஫ ฼ԻͷରԠ͕ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻ
(160) ‘wear (woman’s longyi)’ PL *nik; C n@ph ı́N ‘woman’s longyi’, K neiP, G niP; PTB
—
஫ C n@-͸ PL *nik ͷॖ໿‫ࣜܗ‬ɻph ı́N ͸ϏϧϚ‫[ ޠ‬báuNbi] ‘pants’ ͷୈೋԻઅͱ
ؔ܎͍ͯ͠Δͱ͓΋ΘΕΔɻ
(161) ‘what’ PL *CH -ma; C ma ‘where’, K mà, G mà; J pha33 ; PTB *(b/m)a-y (STEDT
#167)
(162) ‘whet/edge’ PL *(â/n)út; C âúP, K nút, G nút; J nut31 ; PTB *s-nwat
MOP/RUB/WIPE (STEDT #4819)
஫ C â-͸ K/G l-·ͨ͸ t-ͰରԠ͢Δͷ͕௨ଇͰ͋Δ͔Βɺಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ
͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
(163) ‘where’ PL *CH -tV?; C Pás@tá, K —, G t@pà, tà; A tu-a, Se tu-wa; PTB —
஫ C/G ͱ A/Se ͱͰ฼Ի͕ରԠ͠ͳ͍ɻC Pás@-͸ Pása ‘what’ + táɻͨͩ͠ tá
͸୯ಠͰ͸΋͍ͪΒΕͳ͍ɻ
(164) ‘winnowing fan’ PL *wán; C váiN, K wánhú, G wánnú; PTB —
˚
஫ G wánnú < *wánhúͰ͋Δɻ
˚
(165) ‘woman’ PL *ı́ < *wı́?; C Pı́sa ‘old lady’, K PiCı̂, G Pı́náPsh a ‘girl’; J ji31 , Si wii1
‘female’஫ 35 ; PTB *pwiy-n (STEDT #1622)
஫ C Ͱ vi-ɺK/G Ͱ wi-ͱͳΔ΋ͷ͸ɺ‫ݻ‬༗‫ʹޠ‬͸΄ͱΜͲ֬ೝ͞Εͳ͍ɻͨ͠
͕ͬͯɺPL *wi ͱ͠͏ΔՄೳੑ͕͔͍ͨɻ
஫ 34
஫ 35
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
Si ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
− 24 −
ルイ祖語の再考
(166) ‘work (v)’ PL *(k)um; C —, K Pom, G POm; A kom; PTB —
஫ K/G ͱ A Ͱ಄ࢠԻ͕͜ͱͳΔͷͰ PL *(k)-ͱͨ͠ɻ
(167) ‘wound’ PL *CH -mar; C PámaiN, K k@mà, G (P@nà); J mat31 ‘nettle’; PTB *r-ma-t
(STEDT #1788)
஫ Matisoffʦ2013: 51ʧͷࢦఠʹΑΔɻ
(168) ‘yellow’ PL *k-áy; C k@PÉ ‘turmeric’, K c@PÉ, G k@PÉ; PKC *Paay (STEDT #4504:
provisional)
஫ PL *k-áy? ‘turmeric’ʦ౻‫ ݪ‬2012b #302ʧͱ‫ޠ‬Ո଒Λͳ͢ɻ
(169) ‘younger brother (seen from female)’ PL *yúN; C PayúN, K yóuN, G yáuN; J juN33
‘brother (said by a sister)’஫ 36 ; PTB —, PBG *joN[1]
ෟ࿥ 2
౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧʹΈΒΕΔ‫ޡ‬২Λத৺ͱͨ͠·͕͍ͪΛमਖ਼͠ɺͦͷ‫֬ޙ‬ೝ͞Εͨ৘
ใΛ௥‫͢ه‬Δ஫ 37 ɻSTEDT ʹΑΔ PTB ‫͍ͯͭʹࣜܗ‬͸ɺҾ༻Λ·͕ͪ͑ͨ΋ͷҎ֎
ʹ͸‫͍ͳ͠ٴݴ‬ɻ
1. PL ʹ༗੠ด࠯ԻΛΈͱΊΔඞཁ͕ͳ͘ͳͬͨ͜ͱʹΑΔमਖ਼:
• #17 ‘ashes’: PL *k-but → PL *k-put ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #18 ‘ringworm’: PL *kH -bun → PL *kH -pun ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #19 ‘cheek’: PL *n/l-baN → PL *n/l-paN ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #70 ‘neck’: PL *kH -duk → PL *kH -tuk ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #71 ‘porcupine’: PL *p/kH -duw-k → PL *p/kH -tuw-k ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #72 ‘cooked rice’: PL*dá < *tá? → PL *táͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #101 ‘deer’: PL *kH -juk → PL *kH -cuk ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #102 ‘ten’: PL *jı́, *sı́ → PL *(c/s)ı́ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #103 ‘bird’: PL *u-jı́k-sa < *u-cı́k-sa? → PL *u-cı́k-sa ͱमਖ਼ɻͳ͓ PTB
*wu → *Pu ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #104 ‘cat’: PL *hán-ji-k < *hál-ji-k? < *hál-ci-k? → PL *hán-ci-k < *hálci-k?ͱमਖ਼ɻ
• #145 ‘=NOMINALIZER ’: PL *=k/gá → PL *=káͱमਖ਼ɻ
஫ 36
஫ 37
J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ࠪಡऀ B ͷ‫ʹࣔڭ‬ΑΔɻ
James A. Matisoff ‫ڭ‬त͔Βͷࢦఠʢ2013 ೥ 2 ݄ 24 ೔ͷࢲ৴ʣ͸ JAM ͱ͠Δ͢ɻ
− 25 −
藤原 敬介
• #146 ‘=FUTURE’: PL *=k/gú → PL *=kuʢߴ੠ௐʹ͍ͯͨ͠ͷ͸‫هޡ‬ʣɻ
͞Βʹಉ‫ ͯ͠ͱࣜܗݯ‬G =ku Λ௥Ճɻ
2. #6 ‘mosquito’: PL *p-ͷ෦෼͸ PTB *b@w INSECTʢJAMʣɻ
3. #10 ‘palm’: J lă31 phan31 ͸Ή͠Ζෟ࿥ 1 #131 ‘sole of foot’ ͱؔ࿈͢Δɻ
4. #13 ‘fly’: J pjen31 ͸ PTB *byam ʹ༝དྷ͠ʢհԻ-y-ͷӨ‫ޠͰڹ‬຤ࢠԻ͕-n ʹͳ
¯
Δʣ
ɺPL ͱಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍ʢJAM; Matisoff 2003: 252, 532ʣ
ɻͳ͓ C páiN
ͷ฼Ի͓Αͼ຤ࢠԻ͸ J ͱΑ͘ରԠ͠ɺK/G ͱ͸ෆ‫ن‬ଇͳରԠΛ͠Ί͢ɻ
5. #15 ‘calf’: C Pát@k@bóP ‘thigh’ ͷ΄͏͕ಉ‫ͯ͠ͱࣜܗݯ‬ΑΓΑ͍ɻ
6. #16 ‘left’: G t@pE Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
7. #27 ‘open (umprella)’: C P@hvú → C Pahvúͱमਖ਼ɻ
8. #31 ‘door’: K k@ph àN ‘inner wall’ Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
9. #32 ‘fish’: A tangngaʦBasanta 2008: 196 #59ʧΛ௥‫ه‬ɻ
10. #44 ‘finger’: G th Oklat → G th Okh lat ∼ th Okh at ͱमਖ਼ɻ
11. #50 ‘grandchild’: PL *s-túN → PL *su-túN ͱमਖ਼ʦMatisoff 2013: 65ʧɻ
12. #53 ‘sit’: PTB *m-(t/d)u(N/k) (STEDT #1906) ͱ͢΂͖ɻ
13. #56 ‘knee’: J ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸*put-s஫ 38 ʹ༝དྷ͠ɺಉ‫Ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸ͳ͍ʢJAMʣɻ
14. #58 ‘thigh’: K ͷ‫͚͓ʹࣜܗ‬Δʢ‫ހׅ‬ʣ͸ෆཁͳͷͰ࡟আɻ
15. #68 ‘penis’: PTB *ti-k (STEDT #641) ͷΈͰΑ͍ɻ
16. #69 ‘moon’: PL ʹ༗੠ด࠯ԻΛΈͱΊΔඞཁ͕ͳ͘ͳ͚ͬͨΕͲ΋ɺ͜ͷྫͩ
͚͸*s-la ͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΓɺྫ֎తʹ C Ͱ༗੠ੑ͕อ࣋͞Εͯ d-ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͱ
͔Μ͕͑ΔɻPL ͱͯ͠͸*s-ta < *s-la ͱमਖ਼͓ͯ͘͠ɻ·ͨ A sataʦBasanta
2008: 196 #42ʧΛ௥‫ه‬ɻ
17. #75 ‘grind’: ‫ޠ‬ऍʹ ‘pound’ ΋͘Θ͑ɺPTB *dow <
> *towʦMatisoff 2013: 58ʧ
ͱ J thu31 Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
18. #82 ‘sun’: ͜ͷ‫ߏޠ‬੒͸*tsyar-mik ‘lit. burning eye’ Ͱ͋ΔʢJAMʣɻ
19. #84 ‘chilly’ → ‘chili/pepper-hot’ ͱमਖ਼ɻ
20. #89 ‘sister’: A chan ‘younger sister’ʦBasanta 2008: 194 #13ʧΛ௥‫ه‬ɻ
21. #90 ‘ask for’: K seiN → K siN ͱमਖ਼ɻ
22. #94: ‘dub/strike’ → ‘pierce’ ͱमਖ਼ɻPL *cuw → PL *cúw ͱमਖ਼ɻC cvu → C
cvu ∼ cvúͱमਖ਼ɻPTB *tsowʦMatisoff 2013: 58ʧɺK P@súɺJ tSu55 Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
23. #108 ‘back’: PTB *k/n-sya(N/n) WAIST (STEDT #222) Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
24. #110 ‘root’ A/Se Λߟྀ͢Ε͹ PL *t-kra-t ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
25. #121 ‘want’: A kakʦBasanta 2008: 199 #98ʧΛ௥‫ه‬ɻ
஫ 38
ຊߘࣥච࣌఺Ͱ͸ PTB *p(u/i)s (STEDT #436) ͕࠶ߏ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ
− 26 −
ルイ祖語の再考
26. #124 ‘bite’: PTB *gam (STEDT #2231: provisional) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔʢJAMʣɻ
27. #125 ‘pick up’: C/K ͸ʮर͏ʯͷҙຯ͕ͩɺG ͸ʮఠΉʯͷҙຯɻ
28. #127 ‘lame’ G pOPklauN → G pauPklauN ͱमਖ਼ɻ
29. #129 ‘bamboo’: Se ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬Λߟྀ͢Δͱ PL *krwa ͱͨ͠΄͏͕Α͍͔΋͠Εͳ
͍ʦMatisoff 2013: 49ʧɻ
30. #143 ‘blind’: PTB ͱͯ͋͛ͨ͠‫ࣜܗ‬͸ ‘elephant’ Ͱ͋Δ͔Β࡟আ͢΂͖ʢJAMʣɻ
31. #144 ‘-PLURAL (+v)’: Se kutto-hi → Se k2tto-hi ͱमਖ਼ɻ
32. #153 ‘climb’: Se pung-he ‘lift up’ Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
33. #154 ‘shout’: A/Se hak Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
34. #158 ‘daughter’: PTB *(y)ay ‘mother / grandmother / maternal aunt’ʦMatisoff
2003: 208ʧ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋ΔʢJAMʣɻ
35. #159 ‘son’: A shaʦBasanta 2008: 195 #19ʧΛ௥‫ه‬ɻ
36. #164 ‘take a rest’: G sh aP ͸·͕͍ͪͳͷͰ࡟আɻ
37. #169 ‘shrimp’: G Pish úP → G Push úP ͱमਖ਼ɻC 1 ͸ PL *(r)i-ͱ͍ͬͨ‫ࣜܗ‬ͷ࢒
ᕥͱ͔Μ͕͍͚͑ͯͨΕͲ΋ɺ͜ͷྫͰͷΈ*r-͕ফࣦ͢Δͷ͸ෆࣗવͰ͋Δɻ
ͦ͜Ͱ PL *r-i-sı́k? < *r-i-syúk? → PL *y(u/i)-syuk?ͱमਖ਼͢Δɻ
38. #171 ‘meat’: A (aks2l) → A aks2l ͱमਖ਼ɻA s2mpon ‘body’ɺSe s2l ‘body’ Λ௥
‫ه‬ɻA ΋ Se ΋ಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔͷͰɺ‘meat’ PL *san → ‘body/flesh/meat’
PL *san < *sal ͱमਖ਼ɻ
39. #181 ‘rob’: PL *sH -nan ʹରͯ͠͸ɺG sh @làn ΋ಉ‫͓ͱݯ‬΋ΘΕΔɻ
40. #182 ‘diminutive’: A/Se sa Λ௥‫ه‬ɻK CaɺJ Sa31 ΋͓ͦΒ͘ಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬ɻ
41. #184 ‘feel sleepy’: K Pepsh um Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
42. #186 ‘tobacco’: C ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ Eng. cigarette ͔Βͷआ༻‫͔ޠ‬΋͠Εͳ͍ʢJAMʣɻ
43. #188 ‘bear’ (p. 85, 111): G K k@sh àp → G k@sh àp ͱमਖ਼ʢJAMʣɻ
44. #190 ‘fruit’: G sh iPsh i → G sh itsh i ∼ sh @sh i ͱमਖ਼ɻ
45. #200 ‘raise/bring up’: PL *hroy → PL *hróy ͱमਖ਼ɻ
46. #201 ‘cloud’: C hráNgr1 ∼ háNgr1 Ͱ͋Δɻ͔ͩΒ PL *hráN → PL *h(r)áN ͱमਖ਼ɻ
47. #203 ‘small chair’: A tehongʦBasanta 2008: 198 #89ʧΛ௥‫ه‬ɻ
48. #207 ‘branch/twig’: A/Se (musa) → A/Se (m2sa) ͱमਖ਼ɻͳ͓ K ͸઀தࣙ-l-͕
ૠೖ͞Εͨ‫ࣜܗ‬ʢJAMʣɻ
49. #213 ‘coffin’: C/K/G/A ͍ͣΕͷ‫ࣜܗ‬΋ϏϧϚ‫ޠ‬΍ϚϧϚ‫͔ޠ‬Βͷआ༻‫͓ͱޠ‬΋
ΘΕΔͷͰɺϧΠ૆‫ͯ͠ͱޠ‬ద౰Ͱ͸ͳ͍ɻ
50. #215 ‘twenty’: PTB *m-kul (STEDT #2355) Λߟྀ͢Δͱ PL *húl ͱͨ͠΄͏͕
Α͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
− 27 −
藤原 敬介
51. #219 ‘husk of rice’: G ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬΋ಉ‫͏͍͍ͱݯ‬ΔɻPTB *s/r-kawk <
> *s/r-kwak
(STEDT #586) ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
52. #220 ‘scratch’: G N@hÉ͕ಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬ɻG hEt ͸ J m@khyı̀tʦMaran 1978: 755ʧͱಉ
‫͋Ͱݯ‬ΓɺC/K ͱ͸ผ‫͓ͱݯޠ‬΋ΘΕΔɻ
53. #223 ‘buy’: PTB *b-rey (STEDT #2606) ͷ΄͏͕ΑΓΑ͍ʢJAMʣɻ
54. #228: ‘extinguish’ → ‘disappear’ ͱमਖ਼ɻଞಈࢺΛࣗಈࢺʹ͢Δ͜ͱʹͱ΋ͳ
͍ɺC s@miP → C miPɺK l@met → K met ͱमਖ਼ɻG mEt ͸ͦͷ··ͰΑ͍ɻ
55. #239 ‘hair (body)’: Se umun ‘feather’ Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
56. #240 ‘play a flute’: G mOt Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
57. #241 ‘mother’: PL *a-me → PL *a-me(y) ͱमਖ਼ɻ
58. #249 ‘heavy’: PTB *s-na:N ͸ແؔ܎ʢJAMʣɻ
59. #250 ‘next/coming’ : A n2p ͱ Se nap Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ͍ͣΕ΋ ‘tomorrow’ ͷҰ෦ͱ͠
ͯΈΒΕΔɻͳ͓͜ͷ‫ࠜޠ‬ͷ‫ج‬ຊతҙຯ͸ J m@nàpʦMaran 1978: 762ʧʹΈΒ
ΕΔΑ͏ʹ ‘early morning’ Ͱ͋Δɻ·ͨϩϩɾϏϧϚ૆‫Ͱޠ‬͸‫ޠ‬຤͕-k ʹൃల
͠ PLB *Pnyak ͱͳͬͨʢJAMʣɻ
60. #251 ‘bury’: C (m@rúP) Λ௥‫ه‬ɻͨͩ͜͠ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ M mrouP ͔Βͷआ༻‫ޠ‬ɻ
61. #252 ‘push’: K nù ‘swing’ Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
62. #261 ‘cock’: A u ‘chicken’ʦBasanta 2008: 195 #33ʧΛ௥‫ه‬ɻ
63. #267 ‘many’: K ͸઀தࣙ-l-͕෇Ճͨ͠‫ͳࣜܗ‬ͷͰɺ͜ͷ‫ྫޠ‬ΛϧΠ૆‫ͯ͠ͱޠ‬
ఏࣔ͢Δࠜ‫ͨͬͳ͘ͳ͕ڌ‬ɻC lóN ʹ͸Ή͠Ζ K lon ͕ରԠ͠͏Δʢෟ࿥ 1 #85
Λࢀরʣɻ
64. #270 ‘white’: PL *lV́N → *lúN ͱमਖ਼ɻͳ͓ C/J ͸ผ‫͋Ͱ͖΂͏͔ͭ͋ͱݯޠ‬Δ
ʢJAMʣɻ
65. #273 ‘wake up’: G yóuP ͸฼Ի͕͋Θͳ͍ͷͰಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍͔΋͠Ε
ͳ͍ɻ
66. #275 ‘husband’: PL *h-lówa → PL *hrówa ͱमਖ਼ɻ
67. #280 ‘smoke’: J ͷ‫ޠ‬ऍ͸ ‘fire’ Ͱ͸ͳ͘ ‘smoke’ʢJAMʣɻ
68. #290 ‘rot’: PL *Cú → PL *áúͱमਖ਼ɻ
69. #291 ‘eggplant’: PL *Cok → PL *áok ͱमਖ਼ɻ‘eggplant’ ʹ͸ʮ௕՘ࢠʯK
pauPpOCi ͱ G mouPmOsh iɺʮ‫ؙ‬՘ࢠʯK pauPsapCi ͱ G mouPsapsh i ͕͋Δɻ
70. #292 ‘muddy/cloudy’: PL *Cón → PL *áón ͱमਖ਼ɻͳ͓ PTB *mu:N ͸ STEDT
#2465 Ͱ͋ΔʢJAMʣɻ
71. #293 ‘bubble’: G sh @pÓt Λ௥‫ه‬ɻͨͩ͠ ANTK ʹ sh @mÓt ͱ͍͏‫͕֬ࣜܗ‬ೝ͞
ΕͨͷͰɺPL *Cót → PL *s-áót ͱमਖ਼ɻͳ͓ J khùm-bòpʦMaran 1978: 584ʧ
− 28 −
ルイ祖語の再考
͕͋ΔͷͰɺ૆‫ܗ‬͸*-p ͱ͢΂͖Ͱ͸ͳ͍͔ͱ͍͏ʢJAMʣɻ
72. #294 ‘broad’: C váP ͸#278 ‘wide’ ͰରԠ͢Δɻ͜͜Ͱ͸ C práP ‘low, flat and
broad’ ͕ಉ‫ࣜܗݯ‬ɻPL ͷೖഁԻ͕-r-ͷӨ‫ʹڹ‬ΑΓ p-ͱͳΔɻྨྫʹෟ࿥ 1
#113 ‘rinse mouth’ ͕͋ΔɻPL ͸*CráP < *áráP?ͱमਖ਼͢Δɻͳ͓ೖഁԻͷର
Ԡ͸ C á-ʹ K p-ɺG m-ɺA/Se m-ͳͷͰʢ#291 ‘eggplant’ ࢀরʣ
ɺA/Se p-ʹΑΔ
ରԠ͸ෆ‫ن‬ଇɻA/Se ͸ Meithei pàkʦDolen 2013: 276ʧ͔Βͷआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Ζ͏ɻ
73. #295 ‘put upon’: PL *âaN? → PL *(â/t)aN ͱमਖ਼ɻ
74. #296 ‘cockroach’ K/G -l-͸઀தࣙͰ͋Γɺಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
75. #297 ‘wrap’: PL *Cip → PL *âip ͱमਖ਼ɻ
76. #299 ‘andative’; PTB *ga ‘go’ʦDeLancey 1980: 265ʧ͕ಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬ਪఆ͞ΕΔɻ
77. #302 ‘turmeric’: K haPcEtPÉ → K haPc@PÉͱमਖ਼ɻ
78. #307 ‘call’: C Po ͸ M PO ‘shout’ ͔Βͷआ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Γɺಉ‫ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸͍͑ͳ͍
͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻͳ͓ PL *k-͸઀಄ࣙͰ͸ͳ͘‫ࠜޠ‬ͷҰ෦ͱ͢΂͖Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏
ʢJAMʣɻ
79. #308 ‘sleep’: A yepʦBasanta 2008: 199 #97ʧΛ௥‫ه‬ɻ
80. #310 ‘swidden’: PLB *hya ͳͷͰ WrB ͓Αͼ OB ͷ‫ࣜܗ‬͸ PL ΍ PTani ͱ͸ಉ
‫Ͱࣜܗݯ‬͸ͳ͍ʢJAMʣɻ
81. #311 ‘grandfather’: K ͸ A oksiʦBasanta 2008: 194 #5ʧͱಉ‫͓ͱݯ‬΋ΘΕΔɻ
82. #312 ‘open’: ANTK ʹ máuP ͱ͍͏‫͕֬ࣜܗ‬ೝ͞ΕͨͷͰɺPL *ók → PL *m-ók
ͱमਖ਼ɻ·ͨ K PáuP Λ௥‫ه‬ɻ
83. #314 ‘completive’: A/Se -ang Λ ௥ ‫ ͏ ͠ ه‬Δ ɻPTB *wang ‘come/proximal’
ʦDeLancey 1980: 267ʧ͕ؔ܎͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
84. #315 ‘venitive’: K -Pi ͱ͍͏‫ࣜܗ‬΋௥‫ه‬ɻ
85. p.100 PL *-uN: C -uN, K -ouN, G -auN ͱमਖ਼ɻ
86. 9 ͓ΘΓʹ: /ch , d, j, g/ → /ch , d, j, g, w/ͱमਖ਼ɻ
ࢀߟࢿྉ
ʲ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬จ‫ݙ‬ʳ
େ໺ɹప. 2000.
ʰϏϧϚʢϛϟϯϚʔʣ‫ࣙޠ‬యʱ౦‫ژ‬: େֶॻྛ.
ᖒాӳ෉. 2001.
ʮϏϧϚจࣈͷϩʔϚࣈసࣸํࣜʢᖒాࣜʣʯ.஫ 39
౻‫ܟݪ‬հ. 2008.
ʮνϟοΫ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ه‬ड़‫ֶޠݴ‬త‫ڀݚ‬ʯ‫౎ژ‬େֶେֶӃจֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պത࢜
࿦จ.
஫ 39
http://www.aa.tufs.ac.jp/˜sawadah/burroman.pdfʢ࠷ऴӾཡ 2012 ೥ 10 ݄ 1 ೔ʣ
− 29 −
藤原 敬介
౻‫ܟݪ‬հ. 2012a.
ʮΨφϯ‫ޠ‬Իӆ࿦ʯʰେࡕେֶੈք‫ڀݚޠݴ‬ηϯλʔ࿦ूʱ7: 121–
144.
౻‫ܟݪ‬հ. 2012b. ʮϧΠ૆‫ޠ‬ͷ࠶ߏʹΉ͚ͯʯʰ‫౎ژ‬େֶ‫ڀݚֶޠݴ‬ʱ31: 25–131.
౻‫ܟݪ‬հ. 2013a.
ʮΧυΡʔ‫ޠ‬Իӆ࿦ʯʰ౦ೆΞδΞ‫ڀݚ‬ʱ51(1) : 3-33.
౻‫ܟݪ‬հ. 2013b. ʮΞϯυϩ‫ޠ‬จ๏ͷ࠶ߏʯ೔ຊྺ࢙‫ֶޠݴ‬ձୈ 3 ճେձɺ౦๺େ
ֶɺ2013-12-01.
౻‫ܟݪ‬հ. 2014.
ʮνϟΠϨϧ‫ޠ‬ͷ‫ܥ‬౷࠶ߟʯ
ʰ೔ຊ‫ֶޠݴ‬ձୈ 148 ճେձ༧ߘूʱ
272–277.
ʲ‫ޠ׽‬จ‫ݙ‬ʳ
ঃࣩ ɾ঻Ո੒ɾַ૬ࠛɾଷ ფʢ ஶʣ. 1983. ʰ‫ࣙ ܠ‬యʱࠛ໌:
ೆຽ଒ग़൛ࣾ.
ʲͦͷଞͷ‫ޠݴ‬ͷจ‫ݙ‬ʳ
Basanta, Ningombam. 2008. Modernisation challenge and response (a study of the
Chakpa community of Manipur). New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House.
Burling, Robbins. 1983. The Sal languages. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
7(2): 1–32.
DeLancey, Scott Cameron. 1980. Deictic categories in the Tibeto-Burman verb.
Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University.
Dolen, Hidam. 20132 . Manipuri dictionary: a comprehensive Manipuri to English
learner’s dictionary in Meitei Mayek and Bengali scripts (revised and enlarged).
Cachar: Hodamba Publications.
Grierson, Geroge A. (ed.) 1904. Linguistic survey of India. Vol. III, part III, Kuki-Chin
and Burma groups. Repr. Delhi 1994: Low Price Publications.
Grierson, Geroge A. (ed.) 1927. Linguistic survey of India. Vol. I, part I, Introductory.
Repr. Delhi 1994: Low Price Publications.
Joseph, U. V. and Robbins Burling. 2006. The comparative phonology of the Boro-Garo
languages. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Li, Fang Kuei. 1977. A handbook of comparative Tai. The University Press of Hawaii.
Maran, LaRaw. 1978. A dictionary of modern spoken Jingpho. Unpublished MS.
Matisoff, James A. 2003. Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: system and philosophy
of Sino-Tibetan reconstruction. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of
California Press.
Matisoff, James A. 2012. Re-examining the genetic position of Jingpho: putting flesh
on the bones of the Jingpho/Luish relationship. Paper presented at the 45th
International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Singapore.
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ルイ祖語の再考
Matisoff, James A. 2013. Re-examining the genetic position of Jingpho: putting flesh
on the bones of the Jingpho/Luish relationship. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman
Area 36(2): 15–95.
Matisoff, James A. 2014. On the demise of the Proto-Tibeto-Burman mid vowels.ʰࠃ
ཱຽ଒ֶത෺‫ڀݚؗ‬ใࠂʱ39 ‫ࡌܝ‬༧ఆ.
McCulloch, Major W. 1859. Account of the valley of Munnipore and of the hill tribes;
with a comparative vocabulary of the Munnipore and other languages. Selections
from the Records of the Government of India (Foreign Department). No. XXVII.
Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company Limited.
Moeng, Sao Tern. 1995. Shan-English dictionary. Kensington, Maryland: Dunwoody
Press.
Singh, Chungkham Yashawanta. 2014. A linguistic study of dead language — Chakpa.
Paper presented at the 24th meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society,
University of Yangon, Yangon, Myanmar.
Sun, Jackson. 1993. A historical-comparative study of the Tani (Mirish) branch in
Tibeto-Burman. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. Proto-Kuki-Chin:
Chin languages.
a reconstructed ancestor of the Kuki-
STEDT Monograph Series No. 8.
Berkeley: Sino-Tibetan
Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Project, Center for South and Southeast
Asia Studies, University of California.
ʲΠϯλʔωοτ্ͷࢿྉʳ
• SEAlang Library Shan Dictionary: http://www.sealang.net/shan/ʢ࠷ऴӾཡ 2014
೥ 11 ݄ 12 ೔ʣ
• SEAlang Library Singpho Dictionary: http://www.sealang.net/singpho/ʢ࠷ऴӾཡ
2014 ೥ 11 ݄ 12 ೔ʣ
• STEDT Database: http://stedt.berkeley.edu/˜stedt-cgi/rootcanal.plʢ࠷ऴӾཡ 2014
೥ 12 ݄ 7 ೔ʣ
ʢෟ‫ه‬ʣ
౻‫ݪ‬ʦ2012bʧʹஸೡͳ͝ҙ‫ݟ‬Λͩ͘͞Γɺʰࠃཱຽ଒ֶത෺‫ڀݚؗ‬ใࠂʱ΁ͷ࿦จ΋͍ͪ͸΍
͘ఏ‫ ͨͬͩͯ͘͞͠ڙ‬James A. Matisoff ‫ڭ‬तɺΠϯύʔϧͰͷࢿྉऩूʹ‫ͨͬͩͯ͘͞͠ྗڠ‬
N. Gopendro Singh ത࢜ɺL. Manimala Devi ത࢜ʹ‫͢ँײ‬Δɻͳ͓ຊߘ͸Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬අิॿۚʢ՝୊
൪߸ 25770154ʣʹΑΔ‫ڀݚ‬੒ՌͷҰ෦Ͱ͋Δɻ
− 31 −
藤原 敬介
ɹ
ɹ
Repripensado de la Lui pralingvo
HUZIWARA Keisuke
Resumo
En tiu ĉi artikolo mi repripensis la Lui pralingvon (t.n. Proto-Luish angle), kiu apartenas
al la Tibeto-Birmana lingva familio kaj el la pralingvo devenis Cak, Kadu kaj Ganan
lingvoj. La pralingvo estas unue proponita en Huziwara (2012b), kaj nun mi provis montri
pli da parencaj paroj de vortoj inter la idaj lingvoj.
Por rekonstrui la pralingvon, mi utiligis ne nur supre menciitajn tri idajn lingvojn sed
ankaŭ formojn de aliaj membroj de la sama lingva grupo kiel Andro, Sengmai, Jingpho
kaj la Tibeto-Birmana pralingvo.
Kompare kun Huziwara (2012b), 169 novaj parencaj paroj de vortoj estas malkovritaj
kaj evidentiĝis ĉefe jenaj faktoj:
1. Oni ne plu bezonas rekonstrui kunvoĉajn konsonantojn kiel *b, *d, *j, *g en la Lui
pralingvo kaj povas anstataŭigi ilin per respondecaj senvoĉaj konsonantoj.
2. Kiam la injektivaj konsonantoj /á/ kaj /â/ en Cak respondecas al /p/ kaj /t/ en
Kadu kaj plie /m/ kaj /l/ en Ganan, oni povas rekonstrui *á kaj *â respektive en
la Lui pralingvo.
3. Oni nun povas rekonstrui jenajn maloftajn rimojn kiel *-et, *-ot, *-in, *-er kaj *-ur
en la Lui pralingvo.
Krome, multaj pres-eraroj estas modifitaj kaj nove malkovritaj formoj estas aldonitaj al
Huziwara (2012b).
受領日　2014年9月30日
受理日　2014年11月29日
− 32 −