〈特別寄稿〉生命の哲学から見た脳死概念の一考察

Title
Author(s)
Citation
Issue Date
URL
〈特別寄稿〉生命の哲学から見た脳死概念の一考察-大統
領レポートと「息」の復権-
森岡, 正博
哲学論叢 (2014), 41: 13-23
2014-11
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/200732
Right
Type
Textversion
Departmental Bulletin Paper
publisher
Kyoto University
2000
(President’s Commission, 1981)
(President’s Council, 2008)
1
2
1960
2000
- 13 -
1
1967
1968
brain death
irreversible coma
1970
(President’s Commission,
1981, p. 62
)
or
1974
- 14 -
(President’s
Commission, 1981, p. 121
)
1970
the whole brain formulations
higher brain formulations
the
the non-brain formulations
whole brain death
functions
the integrated
functioning of the body’s major organ system
hallmark
(President’s Commission, 1981, p. 32)
breathing and heartbeat are
not life itself
- 15 -
a triangle of interrelated systems with the brain at its apex
death is that moment at which the body’s physiological
system ceases to constitute an integrated whole
necessary but not sufficient
neurologic integration
(President’s Commission, 1981,
p. 33)
2
1
1981
direct
the usual synchronized integration of
the body
(President’s Commission,
1981, p. 34)
- 16 -
(President’s Commission, 1981,
pp. 34-35)
no longer than several days
dead
dying
motionless
except for the chest movements produced by their respirators
they
cannot replace the myriad functions of the brainstem or of the rest of the brain (President’s
Commission, 1981, p. 35)
philosophical refinement beyond a certain point may not be
necessary
(President’s Commission, 1981, p. 36)
personhood
personal identity
- 17 -
(President’s
Commission, 1981, pp. 38-40)
(President’s
Commission, 1981, pp. 41-42)
Determination of Death
1
2
accepted medical standards
(President’s Commission, 1981, p. 73)
1
1
1984
1998
- 18 -
1
(2001)
2008
2
2
1
brain death
total brain failure
(President’s Council, 2008, p. 19)
56
2
1
2
oxygenated air and nutrients
(President’s Council, 2008, p. 60)
1
2
- 19 -
3
the
basic felt need
(President’s Council, 2008, p. 61)
drive
spontaneous breathing
(President’s Council, 2008, p. 62)
the drive to breathe
continued impulse to live
(President’s Council, 2008, p. 62)
1
felt
need
(President’s Council, 2008, p. 63)
mimic
vital sign
- 20 -
(President’s
Council, 2008, p. 64)
(President’s Council, 2008, pp. 64-65)
2
2
(President’s Council, 2008, pp. 65-67)
- 21 -
breath of life
(President’s Council, 2008, pp. 65-67)
1
2
2
the drive to breathe
breath of life
pneuma
2
2
- 22 -
2
the drive to grow
continued impulse to grow
2
President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research
(1981). Defining Death: A Report on the Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death,
Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office.
President’s Council on Bioethics (2008). Controversy in the Determination of Death. Retrieved September 1, 2014,
from https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcbe/reports/death/index.html
(2003).
,
,
13
1 , 122-129 .
(2008).
,
,
18
1 , 39-46 .
(2001).
,
.
- 23 -