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Transcript
T2-06 ネパ－ル国シンズリ道路無償資金プロジェクトでの防災・砂防技術
T2-06 ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝᅜࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰↓ൾ㈨㔠ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡢ㜵⅏࣭◁㜵ᢏ⾡ಀࡿᢏ⾡༠ຊ ᪥ᮏᕤႠ(ᰴ) ⏣ۑෆᏹ᫂, ∦᱒ⱥኵ, ᳃ ᖿᑜ, ຍ⸨ᬡஅ, 㸬ࡣࡌࡵ: ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝᅜ(௨ୗࠕࢿࠖᅜ࠸࠺)࡛ 1㸬 ࡣ,᪥ᮏࡢ↓ൾ㈨㔠༠ຊࡼࡾࠊࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰(ᅜ㐨 6ྕ⥺)ࡢᘓタࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰ࡣ, ࠕࢿࠖᅜࡢ㤳㒔࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬࡢ௦࣮᭰ࣝࢺࢆᘓタ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ,ࣥࢻᅜቃࡽ㤳㒔࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ ࡢᏳᐃࡋࡓ㍺㏦࣮ࣝࢺࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡶ㍺㏦ ㊥㞳▷⦰క࠺⤒῭ຠᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ㛤Ⓨࡢ㐜ࢀࡓ୰㒊 ᒣᓅᆅᖏࡢ♫⤒῭㛤Ⓨࡢಁ㐍ࢆᅗࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰ࡣ㤳㒔࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬࢸ ࣛᖹཎࢆ᩿⤯ࡍࡿ2,000m-2,500m ⣭ࡢᒣࠎࡽ ࡞ࡿ࣐ࣁࣂࣛࢵࢺᒣ⬦ࢆᶓ᩿ࡋ,ᶆ㧗ᕪࡣ1,000m ཬࡪࠋࡇࡢ㐨㊰ࡣ,ள⇕ᖏᆅ᪉ࡢ㞵⬤ᙅ࡞ᆅ ᅗ-1 ࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰⨨ᅗ ㉁,ᛴᓧ࡞ᒣᆅࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡢ࡛,ཝࡋ࠸ᒣᓅ㐨㊰ࡢ ᘓタᴗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓ㸦JICA㸧ࡀᐇࡋࡓ㐨㊰ࣥࣇࣛ௳ࡢ↓ൾ㈨㔠༠ຊᴗ㸦260൨㸧ࡋ ࡚ࡣ㐣ཤ᭱つᶍࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛࠶ࡾ,㈨※ࡢ㝈ࡽࢀࡓࢿࣃ࣮ࣝᅜࡢᐇᛂࡌ࡚,᪥ᮏࡢᒣᓅ㐨㊰ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆタィ ᕤάࡋ,ࡉࡽࡣᨻⓗࡶᏳᐃ࡞≧ἣࡀ⥆ࡃ୰,20 ᖺࡢṓ᭶ࢆせࡋ࡚2015ᖺ3᭶ᡂࡋࡓࠋ㤳㒔࢝ࢺ ࣐ࣥࢬࢸࣛᖹཎࡢ㛫ᶓࡓࢃࡿ࣐ࣁࣂࣛࢵࢺᒣ⬦ࡼࡗ࡚ᖜ࡞㎽ᅇࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧⾜ࡢ340kmࡢ ࢝ࢺ࣐ࣥࢬ㹼ᮾࢸࣛ㛫ࡢ㍺㏦࣮ࣝࢺࢆࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰ࡼࡗ࡚190km▷⦰ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ,┤᥋౽┈ຠᯝ࡛ ࡣ,150kmࡢ㉮⾜㊥㞳▷⦰,㉮⾜㛫ࡣ9㛫ࡽ5㛫࡞ࡾ4㛫ࡢ▷⦰ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 2㸬ᕤᴫせࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ: ᴗࡣᆅໃࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ᅄࡘࡢᕤ༊ศࡅࡽࢀ,ẁ㝵ⓗᘓタࡉࢀࡓ(⾲-1ཧ↷)ࠋ ⾲-1 ᕤ༊ ➨୍ᕤ༊ ࣂࣝࢹࣂࢫ㹼ࢩࣥࢬࣜࣂࢨ࣮ࣝ ᘏ㛗 37 km ᕤᮇ 1995 ᖺ㹼1998 ᖺ 2 ᭶ ➨ᕤ༊ ࢩࣥࢬࣜࣂࢨ࣮ࣝ㹼ࢡࣝࢥࢵࢺ ᘏ㛗 36 km ᕤᮇ 1999 ᖺ㹼2009 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ➨୕ᕤ༊ ࢡࣝࢥࢵࢺ㹼ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝࢺࢵࢡ ᘏ㛗 37 km ᕤᮇ 2008 ᖺ㹼2015 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ➨ᅄᕤ༊ ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝࢺࢵࢡ㹼ࢻࣜࢣࣝ ᘏ㛗 50 km ᕤᮇ 1996 ᖺ㹼2003 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ᕤ༊㛫ᕤᴫせ ᕤᴫせ 㐨㊰ࡢ㉳Ⅼ࡞ࡿ༡➃ࡢࣂࣝࢹࣂࢫࡼࡾࢸࣛᖹཎ➃ࡲ࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࡀ౪ ࡋࡓᘓタᶵᮦࢆ⏝࠸࡚ཎ㔝ࢆษࡾ㛤࠸ࡓᮍ⯒㐨㊰ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ,㞵ᏘἙᕝࡣ㏻ ⾜⬟࡞ࡿࡇࡽ,9 ᶫᱱ࠾ࡼࡧ17 ᇶࡢ㉺ὶᆺࢥ࣮ࢬ࢙࢘ࡢᘓタࡀయ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺ㛫㝆㞵㔞2,500mm㹼3,000mm,ᶆ㧗ᕪ1,000m ཬࡪ࣐ࣁࣛࣂࢵࢺᒣ⬦㉺࠼ࡢ ༊㛫ࡣ,ཌ࠸᩿ᒙ◚○ᖏࢆక࠺ቃ⏺⾪ୖ᩿ᒙࢆ㉸࠼ᩳ㠃ᔂቯ࡞ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ ᅵ◁⅏ᐖࡢⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ⟠ᡤࡀከࡃ,ཝࡋ࠸⮬↛᮲௳ࡢ୰,51 ⟠ᡤࡢ࣊ࣆࣥ࢝ ࣮ࣈࢆྵࡴࡘ࡙ࡽᢡࡢᕤࡶྵࡴ㞴ᕤ༊㛫࡞ࡗࡓࠋ➨ᕤ༊ᡂᚋ,㛗ᮇ࣭ ᒁᡤⓗ࡞㝆㞵ࡼࡾ,ᛴᓧ࡞ᑿ᰿༊㛫ࡢ୍㒊࠾࠸࡚ᩳ㠃ᔂቯࡀᛴ㏿㐍⾜ࡋ, ᪤タᮏ⥺ࢆಖㆤࡍࡿ㣗㜵Ṇᑐ⟇ᕤࡀᚲせุ᩿ࡉࢀ,ᮏ㑥ࡢྛ✀㐨㊰㜵⅏ᢏ ⾡ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ↓ൾ㈨㔠༠ຊࠕᩳ㠃ᑐ⟇ࠖࡀ2012㹼2015ᖺ1᭶ᐇࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࢫࣥࢥࢩᕝἢ࠸ࡢᔂቯ࣭ᆅࡍࡾᆅᙧࢆྵࡴᛴᓧ࡞ᒣ⭡Ἑᓊࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ༊㛫 ࡛࠶ࡾ,ᔂቯᆅࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡞ィ15 ⟠ᡤࡢ࣊ࣆ࣮ࣥ࢝ࣈࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ,ከ ࡃࡢ㞟ⴠࡸ⪔సᆅ㏆ഐࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡓࡵ,ᨻᗓࡼࡿᅵᆅྲྀᚓ࠾ࡼࡧᐙᒇ⿵ൾ ࡣ㛫ࢆせࡋᕤࡶᑡ࡞ࡽࡎᙳ㡪ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋ ࢫࣥࢥࢩᕝࡢᨭὶ࡛ᅵ◁ὶฟࡢⴭࡋ࠸ࣟࢩᕝ,ࢲࣉࢳࣕᕝἢ࠸ࢆ㏻ࡿ᪂タ㐨 ㊰༊㛫,ṧࡿ1/3 ࡢ༊㛫ࡣᶆ㧗1,600m ཬࡪ⤊Ⅼࢻࣜࢣࣝࡲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᮍ⯒ ࡢᒣ㐨ἢࡗ࡚ᘓタࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛,ᩳ㠃ᔂቯࡢᠱᛕࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽ,㣗ᑐ⟇ ᳜⏕ᕤࡢ㐺ᛂ㓄៖ࡋࡓࠋᕤ⤊┙ࡣ,グ㘓ⓗ࡞㞵ࡼࡿࣟࢩᕝࡢỏ℃ࡼ ࡾᡂࡋࡓ㐨㊰ࡢ୍㒊ࡀὶኻ࡞⏒࡞⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅ,2003 ᖺ㹼2005 ᖺ2 ᭶ࡢ ㏣ຍᴗࡼࡗ࡚ಟࡉࢀࡓࠋ 3㸬タィࡢᇶᮏࢫࢱࣥࢫ: ᩳ㠃ᔂቯࡸつᶍ࡞ᆅࡍࡾࢆㄏⓎࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᩳ㠃ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆಖࡗࡓࠕ⎔ቃඃࡋ࠸ࠖ - A-34 - 㐨㊰ᘓタࢆタィࡢᇶᮏࢫࢱࣥࢫࡋ,㐨㊰ィ⏬ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿタィ㏿ᗘ,㐨㊰ᖜဨ,㊰⥺ィ⏬,ᶫᱱ࠾ࡼࡧᵓ㐀≀ ィ⏬ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ,ḟ♧ࡍᇶᮏ᪉㔪࡛ィ⏬ࡋࡓࠋ1)↓ൾ㈨㔠༠ຊᴗࡋ࡚ᘓタ㈝ࡢ᭱ᑠࢆᅗࡿࡶ,⬤ᙅ࡞ᆅ ㉁ᛴᓧᩳ㠃㛗ἲ㠃ࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺,ᒣᆅ㒊࠶ࡿ➨㹼ᅄᕤ༊ࡢᖜဨࡣᅜ㐨ࡋ࡚ࡢ᭱ᑠᖜဨ࡛࠶ࡿ1.5 ㌴⥺ࡢ4.75m 㐨㊰ࡋ,タィ㏿ᗘࡶ20㹼40km/hr ࡋࡓࠋᑗ᮶ⓗࡣ⥺㛤㏻ᚋࡢ㏻㔞ࡢቑຍᛂࡌ࡚,ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝഃ ࡀẁ㝵ⓗ࡞㐨㊰ᣑᖜࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2)㊰⥺ィ⏬࠾࠸࡚ࡣ,ᅵ◁⅏ᐖࣁࢨ࣮ࢻ࣐ࢵࣉ㸦1/5,000㸧ࢆస ᡂࡋ,⌧ᆅࡢᅵᆅ⏝≧ἣࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࠺࠼,⥺ᙧࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ3)㐨㊰ᵓ㐀≀ࡢィ⏬࡛ࡣ,ᘓタ㈝ࡢ⦰ῶ,ᆅඖ㞠⏝࠾ࡼࡧ ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ࡢほⅬࡽ,㇏ᐩࡘⰋ㉁࡞ኳ↛▼ᮦ࠾ࡼࡧ㇏ᐩ࡞ᆅඖປാ⪅ࢆ᭱㝈ά⏝ࡋࡓᕸᅋ࢝ࢦ,⦎▼✚,㔜ຊᘧ ➼ྛ✀᧦ቨࡸỈᵓ㐀≀ࢆᇶᮏࡋࡓࠋ㐨㊰ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆಖࡘࡓࡵ,ᩳ㠃⅏ᐖࡸ㐨㊰ᦆയࡢཎᅉ࡞ࡿᆅ⾲Ỉฎ⌮ ࡶ᭱㝈㓄៖ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮㛵ࢃࡿィ⏬ࡸᢏ⾡ࡀⓎᒎ㏵୰࠶ࡿࢿࣃ࣮࡛ࣝࡣ,ᡂᚋࡢ㐨㊰⥔ᣢ ⟶⌮ࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ㍍ῶ࡛ࡁࡿ⟇࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸬ᕤࡢ␃ព㡯㸸ࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰ἢ⥺࡛ࡣ,ᇶᮏⓗヲ⣽࡞ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ,ᇶ♏ࡢᗋࡅุᐃ 4㸬 ࡣ,ࠕᘓタᶵᲔ,ࣁ࣐࣮ࣥࡼࡿᡴ㡢,ᖹᯈ㍕Ⲵヨ㦂⤖ᯝ,ᆅ㉁ูࡢᙎᛶἼ⤒㦂್ࠖ➼ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰⊂⮬ࡢᇶ ‽ࢆసᡂࡋ,ᆅඖࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺᚭᗏᩍ⫱࣭ᣦᑟࡋ࡚,ᨭᣢᆅ┙ࡢุᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ,ᵓ㐀≀ࡢᇶ♏ࡣᏳᐃࡋࡓᒾ ┙ୖタ⨨ࡍࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ,ᒣᓅ㐨㊰ࡣ☜ᐃせ⣲ࡀከ࠸ࡓࡵ,⇍⦎ᢏ⾡⪅ࡢุ᩿ࡼࡾ」ྜⓗࣜ ࢫࢡศᩓᑐ⟇㸦࣋ࣥࢳ࢝ࢵࢺ,㣗㜵Ṇ,࣮ࣥ࢝,ᖏỈタ࡞㸧ࢆ⌧ᆅ≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ㅮࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋປົ⪅ࡢ ᢏ⾡⛣㌿ࡣ,ྛ✀࣐ࢽࣗࣝࢆసᡂࡋ,ヨ㦂ᕤࡸ㐺ᐅࡢᕠᅇᣦᑟ࡛ᚭᗏࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱ࡍࡿࡇ࡛,ᆒ୍࡛Ⰻዲ࡞ရ㉁ࢆ☜ ಖࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࢿࣃ࣮࡛ࣝࡣᏳࡸရ㉁ࡢほⅬ࡛ࡢᢏ⾡ࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖ࠶ࡾ,༴㝤ண▱ࢆྵࡴ Ᏻᛶࡸᐃ㔞ⓗရ㉁ࢆ☜ಖࡋࡓୖ࡛ࡢᕤࡣ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱┘⌮ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 5㸬ࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰࡛᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ◁㜵タ ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝࡢᆅᙧࡢ᭱ࡢ≉ᚩࡣ,ᶆ㧗60mࢸࣛᖹཎࡽ,ᶆ㧗8,848mࡢ࢚ ࣋ࣞࢫࢺᒣࡲ࡛⮳ࡿ༡᪉ྥࡢࡁ࡞ᶆ㧗ᕪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜᅵࡣ,⣙4༓ᖺ๓ࣥࢻள㝣ࡀࢪ㝣⾪✺ࡋ ഃࡀ㝯㉳ࡋ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ,ࡇࡢ㐠ືࡣ⌧ᅾࡶ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㝯㉳㏿ᗘࡀ㏿࠸ࡓࡵ,㣗ࡀ㏣࠸ࡎ,ᩳ 㠃ࡣᏳᐃ࡞ᅵ◁ࡀ㔞ṧᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇຍ࠼,ᅵᆅ⏝ᙧែࡀཎᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚,ᅵ◁⏕⏘㔞ࡀᖹᆒ࡛ 3,000t/km2/ᖺ1㸧,ᅛ⤖ᗘࡢప࠸ࢩ࣡ࣜࢡᒙࡢศᕸࡍࡿ➨୍ᕤ༊࠾ࡼࡧ➨ᕤ༊࡛ࡣ,6,400t/km2/ᖺ2㸧ᴟࡵ࡚ࡁ࠸ ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰࡛᥇⏝ࡋࡓ◁㜵タࡣ⾲-2♧ࡍ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᆅᙧ᮲௳࣭ᅵ◁≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚,ࡉࡲ ࡊࡲ࡞ᑐ⟇ᕤࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ,↓ൾ㈨㔠ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᐇࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ,㐨㊰⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ᙉࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣࣃࣟ ࢵࢺᕤࡢᐇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚,ࠕࢿࠖᅜᴗ⪅ࡢ◁㜵ᢏ⾡ࡢ⛣㌿ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 6㸬࠾ࢃࡾ:ᆅᙧ࣭ᆅ㉁᮲௳ࡀᴟࡵ࡚ཝࡋ࠸ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝ࠾࠸࡚,้ࠎኚࡍࡿ⮬↛᮲௳,ᕤ≧ἣᛂࡌ,ࢥࣥࢧࣝ ࢱࣥࢺ࠾ࡼࡧᕤᴗ⪅ࢆྵࡵࡓ᪥ᮏே࢚ࣥࢪࢽࡀࡁࡵ⣽࠸⌧ሙᑐᛂࢆࡋࡓࡇ,ఫẸ㞠⏝,⎔ቃಖ,᪤Ꮡࡢ Ỉ࣭℺₅タࡢಖᣢ,ᆅᇦఫẸ࠾ࡼࡧ㏻⾜㌴㍗ࡢᏳ ⾲-2 ᑐ⟇࡞㸪㏆㞄ఫẸࡢࡁࡵ⣽ࡸ࡞㓄៖ࡀᏳ ᕤ༊ ᐃⓗ࡞ᴗࡢ㐙⾜ࡢ♏࡞ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ➨୍ ᕤ༊ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩: 1) Krishna Bahadur KARKI: Sediment transportation and GIS-based soil loss estimation through model validation to observed data in mountainous ➨ ᕤ༊ watersheds,2006, 2) Ghimire, S. K., Higaki, D. and T.P. Bhattarai㸸Estimation of soil erosion rates and eroded ➨୕ ᕤ༊ sediment in a degraded catchment of the Siwalik Hills, Nepal. Land, 2013-2, 370-391 (DOI 10.3390/land203070), ISSN 2073-445X , 2014. ➨ᅄ ᕤ༊ - A-35 - ࢩࣥࢬࣜ㐨㊰࡛᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ◁㜵タ タྡ ㉺ὶᆺ✰࠶ࡁᆺࢥ࣮ࢬ࢙࢘Ὑ㉺ᕤ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᆺࢥ࣮ ࢬ࢙࢘◁㜵ࢲ࣒ᕸᅋ࢝ࢦ✺ሐ㸦ᕸᅋ࢝ࢦ㸧Ỉᢤࡁ࣎ ࣮ࣜࣥࢢὶ㊰ᕤᗋᅛᕤ㸦ᕸᅋ࢝ࢦ㸧 ࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ࣮ࣥ࢝ᕤే⏝ἲᯟᕤ㕲➽ᤄධᕤే⏝ἲᯟ ᕤࣟࢵࢡ࣎ࣝࢺ㧗ᙉᅵࢿࢵࢺᕤ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᆺࢥ࣮ࢬ࢘ ࢙ࣟࢵࢡࢿࢵࢺ⦎▼ᙇㆤᓊᕤࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ྿ᕤ 㕲➽⿵ᙉᅵᕤే⏝᳜⏕ᕤῶໃᕤὶ㊰ᕤ ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᆺࢥ࣮ࢬ࢙࢘᰿ᅛᕤ㸦ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࣈࣟࢵ ࢡ㸧ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺἲᯟᕤ⦎▼ᙇㆤᓊᕤࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ྿ ᕤ᳜⏕ᕤ㸦ᙇⰪᕤ➽Ⱚᕤᤄᮌᕤ㸧ῶໃᕤὶ㊰ᕤ ㉺ὶᆺ✰࠶ࡁᆺࢥ࣮ࢬ࢙࢘Ὑ㉺ᕤ᰿ᅛᕤ㸦ࢥࣥࢡࣜ ࣮ࢺࣈࣟࢵࢡ㸧ᗋᅛᕤ✺ሐ㸦ᕸᅋ࢝ࢦ㸧 Ỉᢤࡁ࣮࣎ࣜࣥࢢࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺἲᯟᕤᚅཷᘧ᧦ቨᕤ◁ 㜵ࢲ࣒ᕸᅋ࢝ࢦ᳜⏕ᕤ㸦ࢃࡽࡴࡋࢁᙇᕤ㸧ῶໃᕤ ὶ㊰ᕤ