講演資料 (PDFファイル：3.87MB)

How can we see one protein ?
BONNEFOND Luc
-+,(0!/.*)
Science Dialogue
2009-06-16
!
$"&#!%'"
!
Chapters
• Where am I from ?
• Why did I came to Japan ?
• What am I doing here ?
• Experiment
My country: France
•
•
•
•
•
Size: 550,000 km2 (378,000km2)
People: 62,500,000 (127,000,000)
Density: 114/km2 (337/km2)
Currency: ()
My town: Strasbourg • 78 km2
(2,200 km2)
People: 280,000
(12,800,000)
Capital of the Europe
The Council
of Europe
The European
Parliament
• World Heritage site Strasbourg “Grande-Ile”, 1988
Tradition •
•
•
•
•
Houses
Wine
Folk costume
Pastries
White stork
Why Japan ?
• It’s very far
12,000 km
• Earthquakes
• Typhoons
• Kanji are too difficult to learn 12h flight
For Science, but also…
• manga,
video games,
movies, figures
My research here
• Understand life at the molecular level Population organ organism cell • How enzymes recognize their substrate
molecule What are Proteins?
DNA Protein support of the genetic information major components of the cells
20 letters language: amino acids N, D, C, E, Q, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y & V
4 letters language: nucleotides
A, C, G & T
A, R,
How to see one protein?
• Proteins are very small (1 nm=1/1,000,000 mm),
• impossible to see with a microscope (max 1 m = 1/1,000 mm),
• Crystals What is a crystal?
• Regular organization of same molecule in 3D
"&%
! $#
• Examples: rock , salt , ice crystals…
How to make proteins crystals?
• Purify the protein:
(charge , affinity …)
• Find the conditions for crystallization :
– pH, salt , temperature , chemicals …
– Try many combinations What to do with crystal now?
• Hit it with very strong X-rays X,
SPring8 Synchrotron (Hyogo) • X-rays are separated diffraction picture From dots to the structure
• From the position and strength of the dots we calculate
the density of electrons in the crystal.
• Why we do this ?
• Understand how the protein works • Design drugs against bacteria, parasites… Tamiflu
Now it’s your turn
%
• ! #
'(
• +#
– *$
! '*))&(#,μ
– +$ !#+μ
• • '*))(
Questions
• What is the size of the crystals?
• What is the shape of the crystals?
• What is the speed of growth?
Lysozyme crystal
http://www.nurekilab.net