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COP18・COP/MOP8での 市場メカニズム議論について
î1X XōƙƕƽƷƼƺƷƗƲƺ2013 COP18ƼCOP/MOP8ůŴ u_ƱƒƥƚưĠĞųŬŖŮ WWFƘ ƘƲƩƻ Ç)bAƼƐƦƷƔƽƖƷƽƭōƶƽƝƽ qrōpō 2013x x2± ±22ª ªƿĸǀ WWFƘ ƘƲƩƻōĠl 1 ¶ªŴ¾đ 1. őu_ƱƒƥƚưŒƈĠĞťƄS 2. XŴĠŴÔ 3. Ü`NGOŰţŮŴĒ 2 ǃǂőu_ƱƒƥƚưŒƈĠĞťƄS – ŲŧŎšƅƈĠĞťƄŴŚ 3 ňu_ʼnƱƒƥƚư AZ BZ 3:ÏÍA ģĸƼĐ 3:ÏƕƸƘƟƢ 4 ĎťƄCER%º ƿ3ǀ Spalding-Fecher, Randall et al. (2012) Assessing the Impact of Clean Development Mechanism. Report commissioned by the High-level Panel on the CDM Policy Dialogue. 5 $úįdŴĒīţ 2013x xĽŴCDMƕ ƕƸƘƟƢųnťƄŁúĒīţ ¢ñ åt-‐CO2¢ 3,500 ŨŴCDM 3,000 EU ETSů"ŘƄCDM 2,500 ƙƍƙ 2,000 CƋƱƶƒ 1,500 ƥƳƽƘƽƵƻƣ 1,000 ª¶ EU27ƒZǁ3 500 ƑƽƙƢƵƶƋ 0 (iæŲƗƤƶƑųřŠ Ƅ°eŁđ $ú ƿ3ǀōáĹďƿ2012ǀōThe State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2012. ŋōőEU27ƒZǁ3ŒŵŎEU?è27ƒZųŎƋƍƙƵƻƣŎƶƪƠƻƗƳƜƍƻŎƧƷƎƏƍ DŽǂƣƽƨĠůŴÔ – COP18ƼCOP/MOP8ůŵśÉźūũŴŚ 7 ƣƽƨĠůŴu_ƱƒƥƚưļĬÔ n §ţŖu_Ʊƒƥƚư œ¿ŐŲƋƭƹƽƞƿVarious ApproachesǀŔ n Ŀx^R¯Ŵ1ī^R¿{ųřŠƄƱƒƥƚưŴŖ n î2õ·´Ļų¥*éÀƈũŲŖZŐŴĴƱƒƥƚư7Þ n <3=~ķƿsurplus AAUsǀŴŖ n CDMŴĮÞē9Ŵ¤W n CDMcŚƂŴő7çŴijƿShare of ProceedsǀŒŴI ŋüāæůŵŲŖ 8 Ć®ųŕƄ¿ŐŲƋƕƜƽŴ´ſÐ v $úįdŴĒīţ v ©hŴƱƒƥƚưŷŴÐ > ÖųCDM v u_ƱƒƥƚưśŬÁćeŷŴ´ > ÆĻģƈ'ĭťƄ > ĪZŴÓöBŰƙƠƟƭƋƟƭ 9 §ţŖu_ƱƒƥƚưƿǃǀLjXŴÔŰùĞ AWG LCAŴő¿ŐŲƋƭƹƽƞƿVarious ApproachesǀŒŰTŶƅƄĠņŅé NMM ƿNew Market-‐based Mechanismǀ ő§ţŖu_ƱƒƥƚưŒ FVA ƿFramework for Various Approachesǀ ő¿ŐŲƋƭƹƽƞŴũŽŴ ƬƸƽưƺƽƕŒ Ø NMMŴƷƽƷƿmodalities and proceduresǀŴðj Ø MZŴØĉƱƒƥƚưƈűŴƁŗų òÛţŮŖŞŴŚ Ø 1īŴ]ÒſƷƽƷŴóY Ø ZĬŴ= Ø łu_ƱƒƥƚưŰŵŚ XŵŎ ¨ųŬŖŮŎĠĞƈSBSTAųřŖŮ1xĻûŠŮCOP19ů ùĞƈƄŰŖŗ!½ėàŴŻųN 10 §ţŖu_Ʊƒƥƚưƿ3ǀLjŨžŨžŚlj n ƛƕƢƵƷƼƕƸơƌƠƌƻƖƼƱƒƥƚưƿSCMǀ > > > > EUſNZś¡»ăŏ ƛƕƜƽƿijĺǀ0ƈnġųťƄŰŖŗij4cŵCDMųŮŖƄŏ 3ķ:ÏƕƸƘƟƢŴäďŵƿex-postǀŏ ŖƇƀƄƧƽƷƽƚéÀŰƛƟƢů¡»ŢƅƄšŰśdŖŏ n ƛƕƢƵƷƼƢƸƽơƌƻƖƿSTǀ > EUſNZś¡»ăŏ > ŕƄƛƕƜƽƿijĺǀƈnġųťƄŰŖŗij4cŵŊ Ú×ŴZ2Ŵ3ķJ|8yŰŮŖƄŏ > °5ų:ÏéÀƿcapǀƈęjţŎ3¹ś;ƿex-anteǀųäďŢƅƄŏ > EU ETSŴƁŗųŎijĺ2Ŵ½ų3¹ƈĵ4ťƄŚţŲŖŚŵIJŏ n NAMAƕƸơƌƠƌƻƖ > ŃZś¡»ŏ > Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions ųƕƸƘƟƢƈŏ > Ú[ŵŕźƃĠĞŢƅŮŖŲŖŏ p MZŴØĉ¡» > ª¶ŴZĻƑƬƛƟƢƼƕƸƘƟƢ8yƿJCM/BOCMǀïŏ 11 §ţŖu_ƱƒƥƚưƿdžǀLjFVAŴníĨŵŚlj #Lj12±1ª10:00ÔůŴƬƊƗƶƠƽƜƽśÒ,ţũƠƓƙƢŚƂŴô 5. ŕƄýõZŚƂ6ŴýõZųþU@>ƈìħťƄƋƭƹƽƞŴÜ`D0ŵŎ Ŵ¨Ëůë(ŢƅƄ 選択肢1: ŕƄƋƭƹƽƞś¸õŴůŴþUéæŴũŽų"ÞŢƅƄ;ųŎýõZ ĠŴŴÁļśŎ~ěƋƭƹƽƞśÉj2/CP.17î79ÅĎųřŖŮęjŢƅ ŮŖƄ]ÒųNĊťƄŚ¼ĚƼĜĚťƄšŰƈÈŽƄ 選択肢2Lj ŕƄƋƭƹƽƞś¸õŴůŴþUéæŴũŽų"ÞŢƅƄ;ųŎļ&ýõ ZśŎ~ěƋƭƹƽƞśÉj2/CP.17î79ÅĎųřŖŮęjŢƅũ]Òųű ŴƁŗųNĊťƄŴŚƈ#ĚťƄšŰƈLćųťƄ FVAŴĀŭŠƼéæƼ=0ċųļţŮŎźŪźŪMZŴŬƍƱƽƘśıŗŏ ü FVAŵŎƱƒƥƚưƿƋƭƹƽƞǀƈőĜŒťƄŴŚlj ü ]ÒƼF9ƼƷƽƷŵŎűšźůZĬƸƮƷůęjŢƅƄŸŜŲŴŚlj 12 §ţŖu_ƱƒƥƚưƿLJǀLjMZŴí_ EU > NMMŴ«´ęíƈĶĔŏ > FVAųŬŖŮžŎZĬ ƮƽƙůŴĠĞƈfżŏ ZƼƍƻƣ > NMMųŬŖŮŵŎƛƕƢƵƷŴøŻ ųğśŕƄŏ > ſƄŰţŮžCDMŇųťŸŜŰ}ŏ ALBAƿƯƶƫƋŎƮƦƚƐƵïǀ ƋƱƶƒŎª¶ŎƑƽƙƢƵƶƋŎNZï > őu_ŒƱƒƥƚưųğ > őłu_ŒƋƭƹƽƞƈĶĔ > NMMŴęíŵ]¶æų£ > ZųŤũƱƒƥƚưÍÞŴĉß yƈÄťĕÔŚƂŎFVAŴő'ĭæŒ Ų= stZƼLDCNJ > Ü`D0ƈĶĔ > ƱƒƥƚưŴÝųŬŖŮŵ]¶æųZĬůŕƄŸŜŰŴí_ > NMMƿƛƕƢƵƷŴøŻǀųļţŮŵŎĉZůŴƭƹƘƏƕƢĭųí ŬŴůŵŰŴ´ƈŬZž 13 1ī^R¿{LjXÉźūũšŰ ő¸õŴŨŴŴƱƒƥƚưŒ őŨŴŴu_ƱƒƥƚưŒ ĪZųƁƄâ(ŴĈÌ 14 ª¶Ŵ2ZĻƑƬƛƟƢƼƕƸƘƟƢ8yŷŴńŵlj ª¶ŴJCMƼBOCM¡» FVA 1ī^R¿{ > Ú×ůŵŎZĬŴůÃ{ųőĜŽƂƄŒøŻųŲƄŚűŗ ŚŵµjŏąjæŲùĞžOjæŲùĞž3ŮŖŲŖŏ > őŨŴŴu_ƱƒƥƚưŒŴÂųŎĘĩŵLćŏ > ũŪţŎIARŴƭƹƛƙïůŎĪZ+ŚƂĒś3ƄLć ŵŕƄŏ ĉæŲ:ÏéÀťƂ¬ëųůŜŮŖŲŖZśƑƬƛƟƢŴøŻŪŠƈÕųĭ ŽƄšŰŷŴãŵÝŤŬŬŕƄŏ 15 î2õ·´ĻŴƕƸƘƟƢƿǃǀLjÉźūũšŰ ĴĠj¯Ŵî2õ·´Ļů¥*éÀƈũŲŖZ ůŜƄšŰ > CDMƭƹƘƏƕƢųêG?ţŮŎ~ěƭƹƘƏƕƢŚƂƕƸƘƟƢƈJť Ƅŏ > Z2ŴËĻŴJ|ŵŎƿƝƱŰÉjŢƅŮŖŲŖŴůǀ|ŜûŜůŜƄŏ > î1õ·´Ļ÷ŎéÀİŴũŽųĝ¦ƈďŗ´Ļ2ƿ2013x 2015xEǀůŴƕƸƘƟƢŴaĢŵůŜƄŏ ůŜŲŖšŰ > î2õ·´ĻŴCDMŴƕƸƘƟƢƿCERǀŎJIŴƕƸƘƟƢƿERUǀŎZŀ3ķ J|Ŵ=~ķƿAAUǀŎQIÑŴƴƥƟƢƿRMUǀŴìħƼÙŵůŜŲŖŏ ŬźƃŎaĢŵůŜŲŖ 16 î2õ·´ĻŴƕƸƘƟƢƿDŽǀLjª¶ŷŴń gŲŰšƆ > ZŴKz2ųŎÚ\Ëïś(²KzƈūŮŖƄ_NŵŎJ|žů ŜƄlj ª¶ŷŴńŵlj n ġæŲSlj > oŲŞŰžŎª¶śĴƱƒƥƚưŚƂE4ýŽ3ŢƅũŰŖŗų ŵŲƄŏ n kĤæŲńŵŲŖlj > .ŐŎª¶½ŵaĢųŨƅŹűÕůŵŲŚūũŏ > ţŚţŎIJĄŰţŮŨžŨžaĢśh[ţŲŖŰŖŗšŰŴSNŖ ŵıŗŏ ŋŨƅ;ŴVņŰţŮŎ:ÏéÀŨŴžŴśŵūŜƃţŮŖŲŖŰŖŗVņśŕƄŏ 17 <3=~ķŴŖƿǃǀLjčeŲőƔƲƟƭŒ 0ŰţŮ80130-Ƣƻ ƿ2020xÔǀ > <3=~ķžm > °eů18-Ƣƻƿ2020xÔǀ śšŴƔƲƟƭųm > ũŪţŎƹƗƋŴ4ŵPźŦ > ƹƗƋžPƉŪî1õ·´ĻŚ ƂŴ <3=~ķƿ5xĻ0 ǀŵŎ140-ƢƻųƄ ƿ3ǀ UNEP (2012) The Emissions Gap Report 2012. UNEP. 18 <3=~ķŴŖƿDŽǀLj8ľ¡»ŰùĞ eŜťŝƄ <3=~ķƈ8ľţƁŗŰŖŗ¡»śĠĞŢƅŮŜũ ĪZƖƷƽƭ¡» ÿƃĦţŵĜŽƄśŎkŎĉZŴéÀİcų ÿƃĦŢƅũ=~ķſƕƸƘƟƢŵ"ŘŲŖƁŗų8ľŏ ƙƍƙ¡» ÿƃĦťķŨŴžŴųķæŲ8ľƈŚŠƄšŰƈ¡»ŏ ¨Ŵ¡»ŰžųŎî2õ·´ĻŴ°ųŎÿƃĦŢƅũ=~ķſƕƸƘƟƢ ƈJƃÎťšŰƈ¡»ŏ XŴùĞ Ø ÿƃĦţŴķŨŴžŴųŵ8ľŵŚŚƂŦ Ø ÿƃĦŢƅũ=~ķſƕƸƘƟƢŴaĢųŬŖŮŵŎőĢŖŒŴĥ/LćķųČwŴ 8ľƿCP1Ŵ=~ķŴ2ƾǀ Ø ÿƃĦŢƅũ=~ķſƕƸƘƟƢśŎî2õ·´ĻŴ÷ƇƃųűŗŲƄŚŵĖHśŲŖ 19 DžǂNGOŰţŮŴĒ – űŗĂŘƄŸŜŚ 20 NGOŰţŮŴĒ n NMMŴĠĞ > $úįdŴ×ÊōŌōşđŲţ > Ķų8yęėƈťƄŸŜ n FVAŴĠĞ > MZŰžŎ¿ŐŲ8yƈ!ōŌō«´¦,ś³źţŖ n î2õ·´ĻG?ZŷŴ Ā > FÛF9ŰţŮŵÃţŖŏ > ũŪţŎŨŴvùųŵžŏ n <3=~ķ > î2õ·´ĻŴ÷ƇƃůŴ ĀųžÌśđ 21