適正農業規範から見た食の安全と農業土木分野の関連性 Relationship

㐲ḿ㎨ᴏぞ⠂࠾ࡼぜࡒ㣏ࡡᏭධ࡛㎨ᴏᅰᮄฦ㔕ࡡ㛭㏻ᛮ
Relationship between Food safety and Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation
Engineering from viewpoints of Good Agricultural Practice
ຊ⸠ ᖶ*࣬∞ᒜ ᑋఘ**
Kato Koh࣬Katayama Hisanobu
㸦㸣ࡢࡋࡴ࡞㸯 ㎾ᖳࠉBSE ࡷ㎨⏐∸ࡡ⏐ᆀഅ⿞ၡ㢗ࡡⓆ⏍࡞ఔ࠷ࠉ㣏ࡡᏭධ࣬Ꮽᚨ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㛭ᚨ࠿
㧏ࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ၡ㢗ࡡよỬ➿࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᅗහ࡚ࡢࠉࢹ࣭ࣝࢦࣄࣛࢷ࢔࡞Ἰ┘࠿㞗ࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
ࡊ࠾ࡊࠉᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡞ࡢࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ཱིࡽ⤄ࡲࡢ GAP㸝㐲ḿ㎨ᴏぞ⠂㸞࡛࠷࠹ᯗ⤄ࡲ࡚ᤂ࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾሔྙ
࠿ኣ࠷ࠊ୯࡚ࡵࠉᐁ㈻Ⓩ࡝ᅗ㝷ᵾ‵࡞࡝ࡽࡗࡗ࠵ࡾ EUREPGAP ࡚ࡢࠉࢹ࣭ࣝࢦࣄࣛࢷ࢔࣬㎨ⷾ࣬⫟ᩩ
࡛࠷ࡖࡒၡ㢗࡛୩ࢆ࡚ࠉₜ⁽ࠉᅰቫࠉᅜሔ⟮⌦࡝࡜㎨ᴏᅰᮄฦ㔕ࡡ㡧┘࠿㣏ࡡᏭධ࣬Ꮽᚨ࡞㛭ࢂࡾ஥㡧
࡛ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊୌ⯙࡞ࠉ㎨ᴏᅰᮄฦ㔕ࡢ㣏ࡡᏭධ࡛㛭㏻ࡘࡄࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡢᕵ࡚࠵ࡽࠉࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝⩻࠻᪁
ࡢἸ┘࡞ೋࡌࡾࠊᮇሒ࿈࡚ࡢࠉᅗහ࡚ጙࡴ࡙ EUREPGAP ヾッࢅཱིᚋࡊࡒ㟯᲻┬ᘧ๑ᕰࡡ∞ᒜࡽࢆࡇ
㸝᭯㸞ࡡཱིࡽ⤄ࡲ࠾ࡼࠉ㣏ࡡᏭධ࣬Ꮽᚨ࡛ GAPࠉࡈࡼ࡞ࡢ㎨ᴏᅰᮄฦ㔕ࡡ㛭㏻ᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙᳠ゞࡊࡒࠊ
㸧 㸣 EUREPGAP ࡞ ࡗ ࠷ ࡙ 㸯 EUREPGAP 㸝Euro Retailer Produce Working Group Good
Agricultural Practice㸞ࡢ EU ࢅ୯ᚨ࡞㐘⏕ࡈࡿࡾẰ㛣ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ㣏ࡡᏭධ࡞㛭ࢂࡾぞ⠂࡚࠵ࡾࠊἪⓏ࡝
ᣂᮨງࡢ࡝࠷ࡵࡡࡡࠉᏭධᇱ‵ࡷᐼᰕࡡཚ᰹ࡈࡵ࠵ࡖ࡙ࠉᅗ㝷ᵾ‵࡞࡝ࡽࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊ2003 ᖳ⌟ᅹࠉᯕᶖ࣬
㔕⳧㒂㛓࡚ࡢ 41 ࢜ᅗࠉ13,000 ࡡ⏍⏐⩽࠿ࣚ࢕ࢬࣤࢪࢅཱིᚋࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡮࠾ࠉ≺⮤ࡡ GAP ࢅᏽࡴ࡙࠷ࡾ
ᅗࠍࡵ EUREPGAP ࡛ࡡபᥦヾッࢅཱིᚋࡌࡾິࡀ࠿㐅ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡぞ⠂ࡡ≁ᚡ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ㎨⏐∸⮤మࡡ
Ꮽධᛮ࡞ຊ࠻ࠉ⎌ሾ࡫ࡡᙫ㡢ࠉషᴏဤࡡ೸ᗛ࠿㔔さっࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊຊ࠻࡙ࠉ⏍⏐⌟ሔ࠾ࡼὮ㏳㐛⛤ࢅ⤊
࡙ᾐ㈕⩽ࡡᡥඔ࡞㎨⏐∸࠿ᒀࡂࡱ࡚ࡡධㄚ⛤ࢅᑊ㇗࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡮࠾ࠉᏭධᇱ‵ࡡ㐲⏕࠿㣏ᩩဗࡡཋᮞᩩ
ࡡཋ⏐ᅗ࡞㐫ࡖ࡙㐲⏕ࡈࡿࡾ≁Ⰵ࠿࠵ࡾࠊࣚ࢕ࢬࣤࢪࡡཱིᚋ࡞ࡢࠉᯕᶖ࣬㔕⳧㒂㛓࡚ࡢࠉ14 ฦ㔕㸝ࢹࣝ
࣭ࢦࣄࣛࢷ࢔ࠉష∸ࡡಕ㆜ࠉオ㘋⟮⌦ࠉ཭✥ࠉဗ⛸࡛ྋᮄࠉ㎨ⷾ⟮⌦ࠉ㎨ᆀ⟮⌦ࠉᗣᲘ࣬ỗ᯹∸⟮⌦ࠉ
ᅰቫࠉషᴏဤࡡ⚗♬ࠉ⫟ᩩࠉ⎌ሾ࡫ࡡ㒼៎ࠉℲ⁽ࠉⱖ᝗ฌ⌦㸞210 㡧┘ࡡᐼᰕ࠿⾔ࢂࡿࡾࠊ
ࡆࡡ࠹ࡔࠉ㎨ᴏᅰᮄฦ㔕࡞㛭ࢂࡾࡵࡡ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉ㎨ᆀ⟮⌦㸝5㸞
ࠉᅰቫ㸝7㸞
ࠉₜ⁽㸝16㸞
ࠉ⎌ሾ㸝8㸞࡝࡜
ࡡ࡮࠾ࠉ㛭㏻ࡡᐼᰕ㡧┘ࢅྙࢂࡎࡾ࡛⣑ 40 㡧┘࡛ධᐼᰕ㡧┘ࡡ 2 ๪࠿㛭㏻ᛮࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊౚ࠻ࡣࠉ
㎨ᆀࡡᅰቫᆀᅒࡡ‵ങࡷᅰቫᾈ㣏ᑊ➿ࢅ⩻៎ࡊࡒ᰺ᇰ᪁Ἢࡡᐁ᪃ࠉ㐲ว࡝ₜ⁽Ề㔖ࡡゝ⟤ࡷỀ㈻ฦᯊ᪁
Ἢ࡝࡜࠿ぞᏽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞ࠉ㎨ᆀ࿔㎰⎌ሾࡷ㔕⏍⏍∸࡫ࡡᙫ㡢ࢅ⩻៎ࡊࡒ㎨ᴏ⤊ႜࡡᐁ᪃࡛⏍⏐
⩽⮤㌗࡞ࡻࡾ㎨ᆀࡡࣛࢪࢠฦᯊ⬗ງ࠿ၡࢂࡿࠉ㎨ᴏᅰᮄᢇ⾙⩽࠿᪝ᖏⓏ࡞⌟ሔ࡚ࡨࡿࡾ௘஥ࡡኣࡂ࠿ࠉ
㣏ࡡᏭධ࣬Ꮽᚨࢅᨥ࠻ࡾ㡧┘࡛ࡊ࡙᪺☔࡞న⨠ࡘࡄࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
㸨㸣EUREPGAP ヾッᐼᰕ㸯 ヾッᐼᰕࡢࠉᙔルᶭ㛭࡞ࡻࡾ├᥃ᐼᰕ࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂࠉུᐼࡌࡾ⏍⏐⩽ࡵྱ
ࡴฺ࡙ᐐ㛭౿ࢅᣚࡒ࡝࠷➠㸨⩽ᶭ㛭࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⾔ࢂࡿࡾࠊ2004 ᖳ 9 ᭮ 16 ᪝ࠉᅗහ࡚ࡢิࡡヾッཱིᚋࢅ┘
ᣞࡊ࡙ࠉ㟯᲻┬ᘧ๑ᕰࡡ∞ᒜࡽࢆࡇ㸝᭯㸞࠿ྜྷᐼᰕࢅུᐼࡊࡒࠊᐼᰕࡢࠉᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡝ヾッᶭ㛭࡚࠵ࡾ S&SC
♣ࢡ࣭ࣜࣈ㸝ᮇ♣㸯ࢪ࢕ࢪ㸞ࡡ SGS JAPAN ࠿ᢰᙔࡊࠉᐼᰕᏻ࠿ࢼ࣭ࣖࢩ࣭ࣚࣤࢺ࠾ࡼᮮ᪝ࡊࡒࠊᐼᰕ
ࡢࠉ༔๑ࡡ᭡㢦ᐼᰕࠉ༔ᚃࡡᐁᆀᐼᰕ࡛࠷࠹ᙟ࡚⾔ࢂࡿࡒࠊ
᭡㢦ᐼᰕ࡚ࡢࠉ྘⛸᭡㢦ࡡ㐲ḿ࡝ಕᏋ㸝㸨ᖳฦ㸞࡛⮤ᕤᐼᰕࡡᐁ᪃≟Ἓ࡝࡜࠿ᐼᰕࡈࡿࡒࠊ௑ᅂࡡᐼ
ᰕ࡚≁࡞ၡ㢗࡞࡝ࡖࡒࡡ࠿ࠉṟ⏻㎨ⷾฦᯊ᭡㢦࡞㛭ࡊ࡙࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ∞ᒜࡽࢆࡇ࡚ࡢࠉᅗහࡡ㎨⏐∸ᕰሔ
࡚ࡢࡵࡖ࡛ࡵ㧏࠷ಘ㢏ࢅᚋ࡙࠷ࡾẰ㛣ࡡฦᯊᶭ㛭࡞ᏽ᭿Ⓩ࡝ฦᯊࢅ౪㢏ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉEUREPGAP
࡚ࡢ ISO ヾッᶭ㛭࡚ࡡฦᯊࢸ࣭ࢰ࠿さịࡈࡿࡒࡴࠉฦᯊమโ࡞ၡ㢗᭯ࡽ࡛ࡡ⤎ᯕ࡛࡝ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࡢࠉ
㸟ᘧ๑ኬᏕ㎨Ꮥ⏍࿤⛁Ꮥ㒂 : Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University 㸟㸟GAI ༝ఌ࣬∞ᒜࡽࢆࡇ㸝᭯㸞 : Good
Agriculture Initiative ࣬ Katayama Ringo .Co ࣭࣭࢞࣠ࢺ㸯 㣏ࡡᏭධ㸡㐲ḿ㎨ᴏぞ⠂(GAP)㸡EUREPGAP
ᅗහ࡚͆ಘ㢏͇ࡈࡿᾐ㈕⩽࡞͆Ꮽᚨ͇ࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾぞ᰹࡛ࠉᅗ㝷ᇱ‵ࡡ͆Ꮽධ͇ࡡぞ᰹࠿ᚪࡍࡊࡵୌ
⮬ࡊ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
͆Ꮽධ͇ࡡッ᪺࡛͆Ꮽᚨ࣬ಘ㢏͇ࡡᥞ౩ࡡ㐢࠷࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ⏻ណࡌ࡬ࡀㄚ
㢗࡛࠷࠻ࠉࡆࡿ௧አࡡỀ㈻ࡷᅰቫ࡝࡜ࡡฦᯊࢸ࣭ࢰࡡཱིࡽ᡽࠷࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵួ㔔࡝᳠ゞࢅᚪさ࡛ࡌࡾࠊ
ᐁᆀᐼᰕ࡚ࡢࠉᅧᆀ⮤మࡡᐼᰕ࡞ຊ࠻ࠉ㎨ⷾ࣬⫟ᩩࡡಕ⟮≟Ἓࠉ㈋ⶮᗔࡷ㐽ᯕሔࡡᩒങ≟Ἓࠉ㎨షᴏ
ᶭჹࡡ≟Ἓ࡝࡜࠿ᐼᰕࡈࡿࡒ(Photo 1,2)ࠊࡆࡆ࡚ၡ㢗っࡈࡿࡒ
ࡡ࠿ࠉᅧᆀࡡฝථࡽ⟮⌦࡚࠵ࡾࠊEUREPGAP ࡚ࡢᅧᆀ࡫ฝ
ථࡽࡊࡒெࡡオ㘋࡛ᮮᅧ⩽࡫ࡡ⾠⏍ᇱ‵ࡡㄕ᪺ࡡᐁ᪃࠿⩇ຸ
ࡘࡄࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᐼᰕᙔ᪝ࠉᐼᰕᏻ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡆࡿࡼࢅ⾔ࢂ࡝࠾
ࡖࡒ⤎ᯕࠉᥞ♟ࡈࡿࡒ㈠ᩩࡡḿᙔᛮ࠿␪ၡ࡛ࡈࡿࠉཚࡊ࠷フ౮
ࢅུࡄࡾࡆ࡛࡛࡝ࡖࡒࠊࡱࡒࠉᅧᆀ࡚ࡡࢹ࢕ࣝ࠽ࡻࡦᡥὑ࠷ሔ
ࡡᩒങࠉᶭჹࡷᐖჹࡡὑὯࢅἑᕖࡷỀ㊪࡚⾔࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢࠉ⎌ሾ࡞
ᑊࡊ࡙ఴゝ࡝ㇿⲬࢅ୙࠻ࡾ⾔Ⅵ࡛ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡈࡼ࡞ࠉ㎨ⷾᩋᕱ࡞
㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢ͆ࡓࡿ͇࠿͆࠷ࡗ͇
ࠉ
͆࡜ࡆ࡞͇
͆࡜ࡡ⛤ᗐ͇ᩋᕱࡊࡒ
Photo 1 ⫟ᩩಕ⟮ᗔࡡᐼᰕ
࠾࡞ຊ࠻࡙ࠉ
͆ࡓࡿ͇࠿ᩋᕱࢅỬᏽࡊࡒ࠾ࠉỬᏽ⩽࠿ึ᩷ࡌࡾ
ࡓࡄࡡ͆⬗ງ͇ࢅࡵࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡡッ᪺ࡡᥞ♟࠿さịࡈࡿࡒࠊ
ᐼᰕᚃࠉ⣑ 1 ࣧ᭮ࡊ࡙ࠉᅗහิࡡヾッཱིᚋ࠿㏳▩ࡈࡿࠉ∞ᒜ
ࡽࢆࡇࡢᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡝Ꮽධᇱ‵࡞ᇱࡘࡂ⏍⏐⩽࡛ࡊ࡙ヾࡴࡼࡿࡒࠊ
㸩㸣ᅗහ∟㸼㸶㹅ࡡโᏽ࡞ྡྷࡄ࡙㸯 ᾇአ࡚ࡢ GAP โᗐࡡ
โᏽ࠿㐅ࢆ࡚࠽ࡽࠉヾッࡡ࡝࠷⏍⏐⩽ࢅᕰሔ࠾ࡼ㝎አࡌࡾິࡀ
࠿㐅ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ᪝ᮇ࡞ࠉ᪺☔࡝ GAP โᗐ࠿Ꮛᅹࡊ࡝࠷ሔྙࠉ
྘ᅗࡡ㟸ヾッ㎨ᅧᆀࡡ⢊ᝇဗ࠿᪝ᮇࡡᕰሔ࡞Ὦࡿ㎲ࡳ༱㝜ᛮ
࠿࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴࠉᅗහ࡚ࡵ GAP โᗐࢅᏽࡴࠉ㣏ࡡᏭධ࣬Ꮽ
Photo 2 ᅧᆀᐼᰕ
ᚨࡡ☔ಕ࡞ྡྷࡄࡒິࡀ࠿᛬ຸ࡚࠵ࡾࠊEUREPGAP ࡢࠉ⮤↓⎌ሾ࡞㒼៎ࡊࡒᏭධᇱ‵ࡡཚ᰹ࡈ࠿វࡋࡼ
ࡿࡒཬ㟻ࠉᅗහࡡ㎨ᴏ஥᝗࡛ࡡ୘ᩒྙⅤࡵ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ぜࡼࡿࡒࠊౚ࠻ࡣࠉᅗහ࡚ࡢᑚぞᶅ࡝㎨ᅧᆀ࠿㝼᥃
ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ௙ெࡡᅧᆀࢅ㏳㐛ࡊ࡙⮤ࡼࡡᅧᆀ࡞⾔࠾ࡉࡾࢅᚋ࡝࠷ሔྙࡵ࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉࢹ࣭ࣝࢦࣄࣛࢷ࢔࡫
ࡡཱིࡽ⤄ࡲ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵࠉ
͆‫ࡢ࡚ࡄࡓ♟⾪ࡒࡖ࠷࡛͇⏐ېې‬୘༎ฦ࡚࠵ࡽࠉ
͆ࡓࡿ͇࠿͆࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡞͇᰺ᇰ
ࡊࡒ࠾ࢅධ࡙⾪♟ࡌࡾᚪさ࠿⏍ࡋࡾࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴ༟࡞ EUREPGAP ࡡࡻ࠹࡝඙㐅Ⓩโᗐࡡࢤࣅ࣭࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂࠉ
᪝ᮇࡡ㎨ᴏ㎨ᮟࡡ≁Ⰵ࡞㐲ࡊࡒ GAP โᗐࡡᵋ⠇࠿ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ິࡀࡢࠉ㎨Ề┤ࡡ⏍㩥㎨⏐
∸Ꮽධᛮ☔ಕᑊ➿஥ᴏ࡞ࡻࡾ GAP ࣏ࢼࣖ࢓ࣜࡡ᳠ゞࡡ࡮࠾ࠉGAP ᥆㐅࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࡳ⏍⏐⩽࠿ GAI ༝ఌ
㸝http://www.j-gap.jp㸞ࢅス❟ࡊࠉᅗහ∟ GAP(JGAP)ࡡโᏽ࡛ EUREPGAP ࡛ࡡபᥦヾッࡡཱིᚋࢅ┘
ᣞࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊGAP ࡢἪᚂ࡛ࡢ␏࡝ࡽࠉἪⓏ࡝ᣂᮨງࡢ࡝࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉEUREPGAP ࡚ࡢࠉ᝗ເࡡን໩
࡞ᚺࡋࠉẎᖳᩐᅂࡡࣁ࣭ࢩࣘࣤ࢓ࢴࣈࢅ⤾ࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᅗහ∟ GAP ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵࠉ༟࡞โᗐషࡽ࡚⤂ࢂࡾ
ࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂࠉ≟Ἓ࡞ᚺࡋࡒโᗐࡡ㏛ຊࠉ᭞᩺ࢅ⤾ࡄࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉ㣏ࡡᏭධ࣬Ꮽᚨࡡ☔ಕ࡞ྡྷࡄࠉἪᚂ௧୕
ࡡຝງࢅⓆᥱࡌࡾྊ⬗ᛮࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝ິࡀࡡ୯࡚ࠉ㎨ᴏᅰᮄฦ㔕࡚ࡵᵕࠍ࡝㈁⊡ࡡྊ⬗ᛮࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊౚ࠻ࡣࠉEUREPGAP
࡚ࡢỀ⏛㎨ᴏࡢධࡂ᝷ᏽࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡼࡍ͆㎨ᆀᤴỀ͇࡞㛭ࡌࡾᐼᰕ㡧┘࠿ぜࡼࡿ࡝࠷ࠊᬧῲᤴỀ࡞⏕࠷ࡾ
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