追加資料（米国地質調査所のニュースレター）は ここからPDF版として

USGS National Wildlife Health Center
⡷ᅗ❟㔕⏍ິ∸ಕ೸ࢬࣤࢰ࣭
㔕⏍ິ∸ಕ೸ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ 㸘05-02
⮤↓㈠″࣬ಕධ⟮⌦⩽྘న
USGS ᅗ❟㔕⏍ິ∸ಕ೸ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ᡜ㛏 ࣝࢪ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢸ࢔㸢ࣚࢗࣆ(Leslie Dierauf)
ࠔ㔕⏍ິ∸࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ⤾ሒࠕ
2005 ᖳ 7 ᭮
ᮇሒࡢ᮶༞࢓ࢩ࢓࡚Ⓠ⏍ࡊࡒ㧏⑋ཋᛮ(HPAI)ࡡ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ H5N1 ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ2004 ᖳ 2 ᭮࡞
USGS ᅗ❟㔕⏍ິ∸ಕ೸ࢬࣤࢰ࣭࠿Ⓠ⾪ࡊࡒࢼ࣭ࣖࢪࣝࢰ࣭㸝04-01㸞ࡡ⤾ሒ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᙔ᫤ࡡࢼ࣭ࣖ
ࢪࣝࢰ࣭(04-01)ࡢ௧ୖࡡࢦ࢕ࢹ࡚㛸の࡚ࡀࡾࠊ
(http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/avian_influenza/avian_influenza.html)
⌟ᅹࠉ᮶༞࢓ࢩ࢓࡚Ⓠ⏍ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࡢ 1997 ᖳ࡞㤮῿࡚Ⓠ⏍ࡊࡒᆵࡱ࡚㐫ࡾࠊ
ࡆࡡ᫤ิࡴ࡙ࠉᐓ⚲㢦࡛ࡡ├᥃᥃り࡞ࡻࡽࣃࢹ࡞㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ࠿វ᯹ࡌࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠿࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠿
ࢂ ࠾ ࡖ ࡒ ࠊ ࡐ ࡡ ᚃ ࠉ H5N1 ᆵ ࢗ ࢔ ࣜ ࢪ ࡢ ᮶ ༞ ࢓ ࢩ ࢓ ࡡ 10 ࢜ ᅗ ࡞ ᗀ ࡱ ࡖ ࡙ ࠷ ࡾ ࠊ
㸝http://www.wpro.who.int/avian_flu/images/asia_spawn.htm㸞ࠊ⿍ᐐ࠿ኬࡀ࠷ᆀᇡࡢࠉࢰ࢕࡛࣊
ࢹࢻ࣑࡚࠵ࡾࠊṒஷࡊࡒࡽࠉវ᯹㜭ḾࡡⅥ࡞ฌฦࡈࡿࡒᐓ⚲(ࢼ࣠ࢹ࡛ࣛ࢓ࣃࣜ)ࡡᩐࡢ㸧൦⩒௧୕࡞
ࡡ࡯ࡾࠊ2005 ᖳ 7 ᭮⌟ᅹࠉࣃࢹ࡫ࡡវ᯹ౚࡢ 109 ౚ࠵ࡽࠉࡐࡡ࠹ࡔṒஷ⩽ࡢ 55 ெ࠷ࡾࠊ௑ࡡ࡛ࡆࢀࠉ
㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿ࣃࢹ࠾ࡼࣃࢹ࡫࡛⤾ࡄ࡙វ᯹ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ッᣈࡢ࡝࠷ࠊ
2005 ᖳ 5 ᭮࡞୯ᅗこ㒂࡞࠵ࡾ㟯ᾇ
⮤↓ಕ㆜༇࡚ῳࡽ㫵ࡡ࣓࢝ࣤ࢜㢦࠿Ṓஷࡌࡾ஥ౚ࠿Ⓠ⏍ࡊࠉ
H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࡡ㔕㫵࡫ࡡវ᯹ࡡ༱᝱࠿㧏ࡱࡖࡒࠊṒஷ࠿☔ヾࡈࡿࡒ㔕⏍ࡡỀ㫵ࡡᩐࡢ 6000 ⩒௧
୕࡞ཀྵࡦࠉ࢕ࣤࢺ࢝ࣤ(Bar-headed Geese: Anser indicus), ࢛࢛ࢫࢡ࣓࣒ࣞ࢜(Great Blackheaded
Gulls: Larus ichthyaetus), ࢲࣔ࢝ࢨ࣓࣒ࣚ࢜(Brown-headed Gulls: Larus brunnicephalus)࡝࡜ࡡ
ౚ࠿ሒ࿈ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊNature ࡷ Science ヽ࡞ࡻࡾ࡛ࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡ⑍ౚࡢ㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡚
࠵ࡽࠉ㟯ᾇ
ࡡࢗ࢔ࣜࢪᰬࡢࡈࡼ࡞㸧ࡗࡡᰬࡡ㐿ఎ∸㈻ࢅྙࢂࡎࡒ᩺ᆵࡡࢗ࢔ࣜࢪᰬ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࢕ࣤ
ࢺ࢝ࣤࡢῳࡽ᫤᭿࠿ᮮࡾ࡛㟯ᾇ
ࢅⓆࡖ࡙ࣃ࣏ࣚࣕࢅ㉲࠻ࠉ㉲෢ᆀ࡚࠵ࡾ࢕ࣤࢺࠉࣁࣤࢡࣚࢸࢨࣖ
࡝࡜ࡡ࢓ࢩ࢓ᆀ༇࡞⛛ິࡌࡾࠊࡐࡆ࡚ࠉࡆࡡ࢝ࣤ࠿௑ᗐࡡῳࡽ᭿࡞ H5N1 ᰬࢅᗀࡅࡾᜅࡿ࠿࠵ࡾࡡ
࡚ࡢ࡝࠷࠾࡛ᠩᛍࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
ᚉᮮࠉ࣓࢝ࣤ࢜㢦ࡷࢨ࢟ࢲࢺࣛ㢦ࡢኣ⛸㢦ࡡ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧᰬࡡಕⳞິ∸࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࠿ࠉࡴࡖࡒ࡞
Ⓠ⑍ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉH5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࡢဳ஘㢦ࡵྱࡴ࡙ 40 ⛸ࢅ㉰࠻ࡾ㔕㫵࡝࡜ࡡ⛸
ࢅṒஷࡈࡎࡾ㧏⑋ཋᛮࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊṒஷ࠿☔ヾࡈࡿࡒࡡࡢࠉ࢝ࣤࠉ࣓࢜ࠉࢤࢗࢿࢹࣛࠉⓉࢦ࢟ࠉ
1
ࢥ࢕ࢦ࢟ࠉࣀࣕࣇࢦ࡝࡜ࡡ௯㛣࡚࠵ࡾࠊ࣓࢝ࣤ࢜㢦࡛ࢨ࢟ࢲࢺࣛ㢦࠿ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࡡ⌟ᅹὮ⾔
ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾᆵࡡಕⳞິ∸࡛࡝ࡖࡒࡽࠉῳࡽ᭿࡞ࡆࡡࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅ㐘ࡩᙲࢅᢰ࠹࠾࡜࠹࠾ࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡚ࡢ࡝
࠷ࠊ௑ࡡ࡛ࡆࢀࠉH5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿᩺ࡊ࠷ᆀᇡ࡞ᗀࡱࡾཋᅄ࠿ῳࡽ㫵࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹᪺ࡼ࠾࡝ッᣈ
ࡢ࡝࠷ࠊ
࢓ࢩ࢓࡚Ⓠ⏍ࡊࡒ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡሒ㐠࠾ࡼࡢࠉវ᯹ࡊࡒỀ⚲㢦ࡡ㌗ඔ࠿㣣⫩಴మ࡝ࡡ
࠾ࠉᐓ⚲࠾ࡱࡒ㔕⏍಴మ࡝ࡡ࠾ࢅࡗࡀ࡛ࡴࡾࡡࡢ㞬ࡊ࠷ࠊ࢓ࢩ࢓ࡡ㫵⛸ࡡ࠹ࡔࠉH5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ
࡞វ᯹ࡊࡷࡌ࠷⛸ࡡࣛࢪࢹࡢ࡚ࡀ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࠊࡈࡼ࡞ࠉ㔕㫵ࡡᆀᇡහ࡚ࡡ⛛ິࠉῳࡽࡡࣂࢰࣤࠉវ᯹
ࡡཋᅄ࡛វ᯹ࡊࡒሔྙࡡ⤎ᯕࠉࡱࡒ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅᣚࡖࡒࡱࡱࠉ㐘ࢆࡓࡽࠉᗀࡴࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࡞ࡗ
࠷࡙ࡢࡱࡊ࡙ࡷࢂ࠾ࡖ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࠊ
⌟≟࡚ࡢࠉ໪⡷ࡡ㔕⏍ິ∸࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠉH5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᙫ㡢ࢅཀྵ࡯ࡌ࠾୘᪺࡚࠵ࡾࠊ
ࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅ㐘ࢆ࡚ᗀࡴࡾࡡ࠿ῳࡽ㫵࡚࠵ࡖࡒሔྙࠉῳࡽ࣭ࣜࢹ୕࡚௙ࡡ⛸ࡷ௙ᆀᇡ㸝࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂࠉ࢛
࣭ࢪࢹࣚࣛ࢓ࠉ໪⡷࡝࡜㸞࡞ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࡡវ᯹࠿ᗀࡱࡖࡒࡽࡌࡾྊ⬗ᛮࡢྫྷᏽ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ࠊ࡛ࡢ
࠷࠻ࠉ๑㏑ࡊࡒࡻ࠹࡞វ᯹ࡊࡒ㫵࠿ῳࡽࢅ⾔࡝ࡖ࡙ࠉࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅ㐘ࢆࡓࡽࠉᗀࡴࡒࡽࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚
ࡀࡾࡡ࠾࡜࠹࠾ࡵࢂ࠾ࡖ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࡡࡓࠊ
ῳࡽ㫵࠿ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅᗀࡴࡾྊ⬗ᛮࢅフ౮ࡌࡾ࡞࠵ࡒࡖ࡙ࡢኣᩐࡡさᅄࢅ⩻៎࡞ථࡿࡾᚪさ
࠿࠵ࡾࠊ⑋Ẵ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⨧ࡽ᪾ࡈࡷཬᚺࡢ⛸࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ኬንኬࡀ࡝㐢࠷࠿࠵ࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞ࠉ⾔ິࠉ⏍ឺࠉ
ᆀ⌦ࠉῳࡽ⤊㊪࠽ࡻࡦ⛸හࡷ⛸㛣ࡡ┞பష⏕࡝࡜࠿ࡐࡿࡑࡿ␏࡝ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ⩻࠻ࡾ࡛ࠉῳࡽ㫵࠿㛭୙
ࡊ࡙㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ࠿ᣉᩋࡌࡾ༱㝜ᛮࡡᅒᘟࡢࡆࡡ୕࡝ࡂ々㞟࡝ࡵࡡ࡛࡝ࡾࠊ㔕㫵࡛ H5N1 ᆵࢗ
࢔ࣜࢪ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡレ⣵ࡢ ProMed-mail(2005 ᖳ 6 ᭮ 25)ࢅཤ↯ࡈࡿࡒ࠷㸝http://www.promedmail.org,
archive 20050625.1786㸞.
ῳࡽ㫵࠿໪⡷࡞ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅࡵࡒࡼࡌ࡛ࡊࡒࡼࠉࡐࡿࡢᩐ࠵ࡾྊ⬗ᛮࡡ࡮ࢆࡡୌࡗ࡞㐛ࡁ࡝
࠷ࠊࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞វ᯹ࡊࡒࣃࢹࡷ㈄∸ࠉ⾨᭱ࠉᐓ⚲ࠉ࣋ࢴࢹ⏕㔕㫵࡝࡜ࡡ㐢Ἢ㍲ථࠉࡈࡼ࡞ᐓ⚲⏕ࡡ
㐠ර㢦ࡷ⏐∸࡝࡜ࡢ├᥃Ⓩ࡞ࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅ㐘ࡩᡥṹ࡛࡝ࡾࠊ
ᙔ NWHC ࡞ࡢ㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅึᏽ࡚ࡀࡾ᪃ス࠿࠵ࡽࠉ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧࡡ␪࠷ࡡ࠵ࡾ
⑍ౚࢅୌ㒂㝀ᏽࡊ࡙᳠ᰕࢅ⾔࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊฦᏄ⏍∸ᏕⓏᢇ⾙ࡡ࠽࠾ࡅ࡚ࠉNWHC ࡚ࡵ H5ࠉH7 ࠽ࡻ
ࡦ N1 ࡝࡜ࡡࢦࣇࢰ࢕ࣈࢅࡵࡗ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅ᳠ᰕࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊ
NWHC ࡚ࡢ௙ᶭ㛭࡛༝ງࡡୖ࡞㔕㫵ࡡᩚṒ஥ౚ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙༝ງమโࢅཱིࡾ࡛࡛ࡵ࡞ࠉ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤ
ࢧࡡ␪ࢂࡿࡾỀ㫵ࡡ᥀⣬᳠ᰕࢅ⾔࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡂࠊ
⑋ẴࡷṒࢆࡓ࣓࢝ࣤ࢜㢦ࢅ┘࡞ࡊࡒሔྙࡢࠉUSGS ࡡ NWHC ࡫㞹リ࡚ሒ࿈ࡊ࡙ୖࡈ࠷ࠊ㸝㞹リ㸯
2
605-270-2400㸞ࠊ⑄⑋࠽ࡻࡦṒஷࡊࡒ㫵ࡡᏭධ࡝ཱིࡽ᡽࠷࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉḗࡡ࣭࣑࣭࣌࣋ࢩࢅཤ↯ࡈࡿ
ࡒ࠷ࠊ㸝http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/west_nile/wnv_guidelines/html㸞ࠊ
㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡレ⣵ࡢ
㸝http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/avian_influenza/avian_influenza.html㸞ࠊ
ᩝ⊡
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Spread of avian influenza viruses among birds:
Centers
for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention
(CDC)
online,
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm, (access 06/20/05)
Chen, H., Smith, G.J.D., Zhang, S.Y., Oin, K., Wang, J., Li. K.S., Webster, R.G., Peiris, J.S.M.,
and Guan,
Y., 2005, H5N1 virus outbreak in migratory waterfowl: Nature online,
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature03974.html (access 07/06/05)
Chen, H., Deng, G., Li, Z., Tian, G., Li, Y., Jiao, P., Zhang, L., Liu, Z., Webster, R.G., and Yu, K.,
2004, The evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in ducks in southern China: PUBMED online,
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=15235128 (access
06/20/05)
Liu, J., Xiao, H., Lei, F., Zhu, Q., Qin, K., Zhang, Xiaowei., Zhang, Xinglin, Zhao, D., Wang, G.,
Feng, Y., Ma, J., Liu, W., Wang, J., and Gao, F., 2005, Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus
infection in migratory birds: Science online, www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1115273/DC1,
(access 07/11/05)
World Health Organization, 2005, Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian
influenza
A/(H5N1)
reported
to
WHO:
Whorld
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Organization
(WHO)
online,
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2005_06_28/en/index.html
(access 07/07/05)
3
㔕⏍ິ∸ಕ೸ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ #05-03
⮤↓㈠″࣬ಕධ⟮⌦⩽྘న
USGS ᅗ❟㔕⏍ິ∸ಕ೸ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ᡜ㛏 ࣝࢪ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢸ࢔㸢ࣚࢗࣆ(Leslie Dierauf)
ࠔ㧏⑋ཋᛮ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ H5N1 ࡞㛭ࢂࡾ㔕㫵ཱི᡽⩽ ᬳᏽᏭධ࢝࢕ࢺࣚ࢕ࣤࠕ
2005 ᖳ 8 ᭮ 23 ᪝
ᮇ࢝࢕ࢺࣚ࢕ࣤࡢ㜭␷ࢬࣤࢰ࣭࡛ࡡ༝㆗ࡡ୕ࠉ➿ᏽࡈࡿࡒࠊ㧏⑋ཋᛮ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ࡞㛭㏻ࡊ࡙
㔕㫵ࢅཱིࡽ᡽࠹ெࡡࡒࡴࡡ໅࿈࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡᛮ᰹ࢅᣚࡗࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᮇ࢝࢕ࢺࣚ࢕ࣤࡢ 2005 ᖳ 8 ᭮᫤Ⅴ
ࡡ᝗ሒ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙スᏽࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽࠉ࠷ࡍࡿ᭞᩺ࡈࡿࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ
㧏⑋ཋᛮ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ
௑ࡡ࡛ࡆࢀࠉ໪⡷࡚ࡢ㧏⑋ཋᛮ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࡢࣃࢹࠉᐓ⚲ཀྵࡦ㔕㫵ࡡ࠷ࡍࡿ
࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ᳠ฝࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡼࡍࠉࡆࡡ⚽(2005 ᖳ)ࡡῳࡽ᫤᭿࡞࢓ࢩ࢓࠾ࡼ໪⡷࡞ῳࡖ࡙ࡂࡾ㔕㫵࡞ࡻ
ࡖ࡙ࡵࡒࡼࡈࡿࡾྊ⬗ᛮࢅ♟ࡌッᣈࡢぜᙔࡒࡼ࡝࠷ࠊ
㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ(㫵ࣆࣜ)ࡢ୹࡞Ề⚲㢦ࡷῦ⚲㢦࡝࡜ࡡ㔕㫵࡞඼ᆵⓏ࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㔕
⏍≟ឺ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢࠉࡆࡡࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ㔕㫵ࡡᩐࡢᑛ࡝ࡂࠉᬉ㏳ࡢ⑄⑋ࡡ⑍≟ࢅ♟ࡌࡆ࡛ࡵ
࡝࠷ࠊࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࡢಕⳞິ∸ࡡ⢽ࠉၖᾦࡷ㰧Ề࡞Ίࡋࡖ࡙ᤴฝࡈࡿࡾࠊ2003 ᖳ௧ᮮ࢓ࢩ࢓࡚≁࡞㧏⑋
ཋᛮࡡࢗ࢔ࣜࢪᰬ࠿ฝ⌟ࡊࡒࠊࡆࡿ࠿㧏⑋ཋᛮࡡ㫵࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㧏⑋
ཋᛮ H5N1 ࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࡢ࠽ࡐࡼࡂࡆࡡᆀᇡࡡᐓ⚲࡞⏜ᮮࡌࡾ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࠉ㸦㸞㭔࡝࡜ࡡᐓ⚲࡞វ᯹ࡡ༱㝜
ᛮ࠿࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡛ࠉ㸧㸞ࣃࢹ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ 112 ெ࠿⨧ᝀࡊࠉࡐࡡ࠹ࡔᑛ࡝ࡂ࡛ࡵ 57 ெ࠿Ṓஷ(2005 ᖳ 8
᭮)ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉ㜭␷୕ࡡᠩᛍࡡᑊ㇗࡛࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࣃࢹ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⑍ౚࡢ࡮࡛ࢆ࡜࠿វ᯹ࡊࡒ
ᐓ⚲࡛├᥃᥃りࡊࡒࡆ࡛࡚ࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞វ᯹ࡊࡒ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊౚ࠻ࡣࠉᐓ⚲ࢅ├᥃ཱིࡽ᡽ࡖࡒࡽࠉ
ᐓ⚲ࡡ⏐∸ࢅ⏍࡚㣏࡬ࡒࡽࠉࡱࡒࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞ỗ᯹ࡈࡿࡒ∸ࡷ⾪㟻࡞りࡖࡒࡆ࡛࡝࡜࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ
௑ࡡ࡛ࡆࢀࠉវ᯹ࡊࡒᐓ⚲࡞├᥃りࡖࡒࡆ࡛࡚ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿ࣃࢹ࡞⛛ࡾ༱㝜ᛮࡢ఩࠷ࠊࣃࢹ
࠾ࡼࣃࢹ࡫ࡡវ᯹࠿㉫ࡀࡒྊ⬗ᛮࢅ♟ࡌሒ࿈ࡢࠉ㝀ࡼࡿࡒୌ㒂࡚ࡢぜࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞វ᯹ࡊ࡙㔕㫵࠿Ṓஷࡊࡒ࡛࠷࠹ሒ࿈࠿ቌຊࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉῳࡽ㫵ࡵౚአ࡚
ࡢ࡝࠷ࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ஥ౚ࡞ఔࡖ࡙ࠉH5N1 ᰬࡡࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿࢓ࢩ࢓ࡡ᩺ࡊ࠷ᆀᇡ࡫ࡵᗀ࠿ࡾࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷
࠾࡛࠷࠹ᠩᛍ࠿㉫ࡆࡽࠉῳࡽ㫵࡞ࡻࡖ࡙໪⡷࡞ࡱ࡚ࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿㐘ࡣࡿࡾࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷࠾࡛࠷࠹␪ၡ࠿
ᢖࡅ࠾ࡄࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
ᮇ࢝࢕ࢺࣚ࢕ࣤࡢ㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞វ᯹ࡌࡾ༱㝜ᛮࢅ΅ࡼࡌࡒࡴ࡞ᐁ⾔ࡌ࡬ࡀࡆ࡛࡛஢
㜭➿ࢅ㔕㫵ཱིࡽ᡽࠷ࡡࣝ࣊ࣜื࡞ຐゕࢅ⾔࡝࠹ࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ≟Ἓࡢ᛬࡞ንࢂࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠿࠵ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉ
4
H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿ぜࡗ࠾ࡖࡒሔྙࡡ㔕㫵ࡡཱིࡽ᡽࠷࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵ᥆ዜࡈࡿࡾ᪁Ἢࢅྱࡴ࡙࠽࠷ࡒࠊ
㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡ᭩᩺᝗ሒ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉ྘ᆀࡡಕ೸ᡜࠉິ∸ಕ೸ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ࡷ⮤
↓㈠″ᑻ࡝࡜ࡡ᝗ሒࢅࢲ࢘ࢴࢠࡊ࡙࠽ࡂࡆ࡛࠿᭻ࡱࡊ࠷ࠊ
H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿㔕㫵࠾ࡼ├᥃ெ㛣࡞វ᯹ࡊࡒ஥ౚࡢ௑ࡡ࡛ࡆࢀ࡝࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉୌぜඔẴࡐ࠹࡞
ぜ࠻ࡾ㔕㫵࡚ࡵ㧏⑋ཋᛮ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷᚜⏍∸࡞វ᯹ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ༎ฦ࠵ࡽ࠹ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࠉ໪⡷࡚ࡢ⌟ᅹ
H5N1 ᰬࡻࡽࡵᚨ㒼࡝⑋ཋ⏍∸ࡵ࠷ࡾࠊ
໅࿈
㧏⑋ཋᛮࡡᰬࢅྱࡴ࡙ࠉୌ⯙Ⓩ࡞࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅ୘Ὡᛮ໩ࡌࡾࡡࡢ⠾༟࡚ࠉ▴㮧࡛Ề࡚
ࡻࡂᡥࢅὑ࠹ࡆ࡛ࠉࡱࡒୌぜࡀࡿ࠷࡞ぜ࠻ࡾᡥ࡚ࡵ࢓ࣜࢤ࣭ࣜࢅྱࡳὑὯᾦ࡚ὑ࠹࡛ࡻ࠷ࠊࡱࡒࠉ
ၛဗ໩ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾὑ๠ࠉ⁳Ⓣ๠ࠉ࢓ࣜࢤ࣭ࣜ࡝࡜ࡡᾐẐ๠ࡵࡻࡂຝࡂࠊ⢽ࡷᅰቫ࡝࡜ࡡ᭯ᶭ∸ࡡ୯
࡞࠵ࡾࢗ࢔ࣜࢪࢅ୘Ὡᛮ໩ࡌࡾࡡࡢࡵࡖ࡛㞬ࡊࡂ࡝ࡾࠊ
ୌ⯙ࡡெ࠿㔕⏍ິ∸ࢅふᐳࡌࡾ㝷ࡢࠉୌ⯙Ⓩ࡞㊝㞫ࢅಕࡗࡆ࡛࠿ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐ࠹ࡌࡿࡣࠉࣃࢹ࠿
↋⏕࡞⑋ཋమ࡞᭒ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ࡝࠷ࡊࠉິ∸࡫ࡡ᧘஗ࡵᑛ࡝ࡂ࡚ࡀࡾࠊ
࣬㔕⏍ິ∸࡞ࡢᡥࢅりࡿ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࠊ᥃りࡊࡒሔྙ࡞ࡢࠉࡌࡃ࡞୕オࡡ᪁Ἢ࡚ᡥࢅࡻࡂὑ࠹ࡆ࡛ࠊࡂ
ࡿࡃࡿࡵࡐࡡࡱࡱࡡᡥ࡚┘ࢅࡆࡌࡖࡒࡽࠉ㣟㣏ࡊࡒࡽࠉࢰࣁࢤࢅྺࡖࡒࡽࡊ࡝࠷ࡻ࠹࡞ࡌࡾࠊ
࣬ᘽࡖࡒࡽࠉṒࢆࡓ㔕⏍ິ∸ࢅぜࡗࡄ࡙ࡵࠉ⮤ฦ࡚ࡢᣘ࠷୕ࡅࡍ࡞ࠉࡱࡍ⮤἖మࡷ㒂᪐࡝࡜ࡡ⟮⌦
⩽ࠉ㏻㑝ᨳᗋࡡ⮤↓㈠″ᖿ࡞㏻⤙ࢅ࡛ࡾࡆ࡛ࠊ
ࣀࣤࢰ࣭ࡢ⋋∸ࢅཱིࡽ᡽࠹㝷ࡡ㏳ᖏࡡ஢㜭➿ࢅᐁ⾔ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠊ
࣬ᘽࡖࡒ㔕⏍ິ∸ࢅཱིࡽ᡽ࡖࡒࡽࠉ㣏࡬ࡒࡽࡊ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛
࣬⋋∸ࢅཱིࡽ᡽ࡖࡒࡽࠉࢠ࣭ࣛࢼࣤࢡࢅࡌࡾ㝷࡞ࡢࠉࢥ࣑ࡷ౐࠷ᤖ࡙ࡡࣚࢷࢴࢠࢪ⿿ᡥ⾼ࢅࡊࠉ⋋
∸࡞りࡿࡒᡥࠉࢻ࢕ࣆ㢦ࠉ㐠රࡷ⾪㟻ࢅࡻࡂὑ࠹ࡆ࡛ࠊ
࣬⋋∸ࢅཱིࡽ᡽ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ᭩୯ࡢࠉ㣟㣏ࡊࡒࡽࠉ႖↦ࡊ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࠊ
࣬⋋∸ࡡㄢ⌦ࡢࢗ࢘ࣜࢱࣤ࠾ 160 ᗐ F㸝71䉔䟻௧୕࡞ࡻࡂຊ⇍ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠊレࡊࡂࡢḗࡡ࣭࣋ࢩࢅཤ↯ࠊ
㸝www.who.int/entity/foodsafety/fs_management/No_02_Avianinfluenza_Dec04_en.pdf㸞
㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࠿ぜࡼࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷ᆀᇡ࡚ࠉୌぜඔẴࡐ࠹࡝㔕㫵ࢅཱིࡽ᡽࠹◂✪⩽࡝࡜
ᐄහ࡚షᴏࡌࡾ᫤ࡢࠉᥦẴࢅࡻࡂࡊ࡙⾔࡝࠹ࡆ࡛ࠊ㔕አ࡚ࡢࠉ᡽࠹ິ∸ࡻࡽ㢴୕࡚షᴏࢅࡌࡿࡣࠉ
ິ∸⏜ᮮࡡᇐࡷ⩒ẗࠉࡨࡄ࡝࡜ࡡ᚜⢇Ꮔࢅྺ࠷㎲ࡳ༱㝜ᛮࢅ΅ࡼࡌࡡ࡞⌟ᐁⓏ࡝᪁Ἢࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ
࡚࣬ࡀࡾࡓࡄࠉᾐẐ࡚ࡀࡾࢥ࣑ᡥ⾼ࡷ౐࠷ᤖ࡙ࡡࣚࢷࢴࢠࢪᡥ⾼࡝࡜ࢅࡢࡴࠉ㜭㆜࣒࢝ࢾ࠾ࣆ࣭࢘
ࢪࢨ࣭ࣜࢺࢅࡗࡄ࡙షᴏࢅࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠊ
࣬㢎⦶࡞▴㮧࡛Ề࡚ᡥὑ࠷ࢅ⾔࡝࠹࡛࡛ࡵ࡞ࠉషᴏྋࡷ㐠ර㢦ࡢࢦ࢕ࢹẎ࡞ᾐẐࡌࡾࠊ
5
࣬ິ∸ࡡཱིࡽ᡽࠷୯ࡢ㣟㣏ࡊࡒࡽࠉ႖↦ࡊ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࠊ
Ṓஷ஥ౚ࡞ఔࡖ࡙ࠉᘽࡖࡒࡽṒࢆࡓ㫵ࢅ᡽࠹◂✪⩽➴
࣬୕オࡡἸណ஥㡧ࢅᏬࡾࡆ࡛ࠊ᭩఩㝀࡚ࡵ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭࢛࣭ࣜ࡝࡜ࡡಕ㆜᭱ࠉࢥ࣑㛏ࠉᾐẐࡊࡒࡽࠉ౐
࠷ᤖ࡙ࡡ࡚ࡀࡾࢥ࣑ᡥ⾼ࢅࡗࡄࡾࠊ
࣬⢋⭯࡞᥃りࡌࡾࡡࢅ㜭ࡃࡒࡴ࡞ࠉࢥ࣭ࢡ࡛ࣜᡥ⾙⏕ࡡ᚜⢇Ꮔᑊᚺ࣏ࢪࢠ㸝NIOSH N95 ࠿᥆ዜဗ㸞
࡝࡜ࢅࡗࡄࡾࠊ
࣬Ṓమ࡝࡜ࡡវ᯹″࡛࡝ࡾࡵࡡࡢᾐẐࡊ࡙㐲ᛮ࡞ฌ⌦ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠊレ⣵ࡢ USGS 㔕⏍ິ∸⑄⑋䟺䝙䜧䞀
䝯
䝍
䟻
䝢
䝏
䝩
䜦
䝯
ࠕ
ࢅ
ཤ
↯
ࡡ
ࡆ
࡛
ࠊ
㸝http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/pub_metadata/field_manual/chapter_4.pdf㸞
ཱི࣬ࡽ᡽࠷୯ࡢࠉ㣟㣏ࡷ႖↦ࢅࡊ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࠊ
໪⡷࡚㧏⑋ཋᛮࢗ࢔ࣜࢪᰬ࠿Ⓠぜࡈࡿࡒ࡛ࡀࡡᑊᚺ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙
H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪⓆ⏍ᆀᇡ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢࠉ㔕㫵ࢅཱིࡽ᡽࠹◂✪⩽➴ࡢ≁࡞ࠉ⑄⑋ᑊᚺ➿࡞࠵ࡒࡾ᫤ࡢ
ಕ೸⟮⌦⩽࡛┞ㄧࡡ୕ࠉCDC ࡷ WHO ࡡ᭩᩺ࡡ࢝࢕ࢺࣚ࢕ࣤ࡞์ࡖ࡙ࠉ஢㜭༈⒢ࡷ⟮⌦࡞ຑࡴࡾࡆ
࡛ࠊ㸝http://www.who.int/entity/csr/disease/avian_influenza/guidelines/Avian%20Influenza.pdf㸞
(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/professional/protect-guid.htm)
࣬୕オࡡ໅࿈࡛ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡝វ᯹஢㜭➿࡞ᚉ࠹ࡆ࡛ࠊ಴ெ࠿㌗࡞ࡗࡄࡾ㜭㆜᭱ࡷჹර࡝࡜ࡡ⬲╌ฺ࡛⏕
ἪࠉᾐẐࡷฌ⌦Ἢࡵྜྷᵕࠊ
ཱི࣬ࡽ᡽࠷୯ࡢࠉ㣟㣏ࡷ႖↦ࢅࡊ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࠊ
࢛࣭࣬ࣁ࣭࢛࣭ࣜ࡝࡜ࡡಕ㆜᭱ࠉ౐࠷ᤖ࡙ࡡ㠈࢜ࣁ࣭ࡷᡥ⾼ࠉࡱࡒࡢᾐẐ࡚ࡀࡾࢥ࣑㛏㠈ࡷࢥ࣑ᡥ
⾼࡝࡜ࢅࡗࡄࡾࠊ㜭Ẑ࣏ࢪࢠ㸝NIOSH N95 ࡝࡜㸞࡛ࢥ࣭ࢡࣜࢅࡗࡄࡾࠊ
࣬㧏⑋ཋᛮࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞វ᯹ࡊࡒࡽᬸ㟚ࡊࡒ㫵ࢅ᡽࠹᭩୯࡛ࡐࡡᚃ 1 㐄㛣ࡢ࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧࡡ⑍≟࡞Ẵ
ࢅࡗࡄࡾࠊ
࣬Ⓠ⇍ࡷ⤎⭯ⅎࢅྱࡴ࡙ࠉ㢴㑟ᵕࡡ⑍≟࠿ฝࡒࡼࠉ༈⩽࡞࠾࠾ࡾࡆ࡛ࠊࡐࡡ㝷ࠉ㧏⑋ཋᛮࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ
࡞ᬸ㟚ࡊࡒྊ⬗ᛮ࠿࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ஥๑࡞▩ࡼࡎ࡙࠾ࡼザၡࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠊ
㧏⑋ཋᛮ H5N1 ᆵࢗ࢔ࣜࢪ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙レࡊࡂࡢ௧ୖࢅཤ↯ࡡࡆ࡛ࠊ
USGS ᅗ❟㔕⏍ິ∸ಕ೸ࢬࣤࢰ࣭㸯
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/avian_influenza/avian_influenza.html
㜭␷ࢬࣤࢰ࣭㸯
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/index.htm
6