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02.基調講演・公開講座・各委員会シンポジウム原稿PDF
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ၥ㢟⾜ືࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᩘࡇࡑῶഴྥ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ (㣤⏣, 2002㸹ஂಖ, 2005)ࠋ ࡴࡁᩍ⫱ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣ㸪ၥ ࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㔜せࡉࢀࡿᩍᖌ㸫⏕ᚐࡢಙ㢗㛵 㢟⾜ືࡀ⏕ࡌࡿᚰ⌮ⓗ࣭⎔ቃⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࢆ୍⯡ⓗ࠾ࡼࡧಶ ಀࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡢ᳨ウࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓ ูⓗ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡶ㸪ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡛ከ㠃ⓗ࡞ᨭ࣭ ࡵ㸪୰࣭ᗉྖ(2008)ࡣ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᩍᖌᑐࡍࡿಙ㢗ឤ ຓࡢ᪉ἲࡢᥦゝࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡢ᳨ドࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㟷 ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࠕ⏕ᚐࡢᩍᖌᑐࡍࡿಙ㢗ឤᑻᗘࠖࢆసᡂࡋ㸪⏕ ᖺᚰ⌮Ꮫࡸࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪๓⪅㔜ࡁ ᚐࡢᩍᖌᑐࡍࡿಙ㢗ឤࡀࠕᏳᚰឤࠖ ࠕಙࠖ ࠕᙺ㐙⾜ ࡀ࠾ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ಶูⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡀ↓どࡉࢀ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪 ホ౯ࠖࡢ 3 ഃ㠃࡛ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ලయⓗ࡞ᨭ࣭ᐇ㊶ࡣ㆟ㄽࡀཬࡤ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪⮫ᗋᚰ ࡲࡓ㸪୰࣭ᗉྖ(2008)ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࠕ⏕ᚐࡢᩍᖌᑐࡍ ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪ᚋ⪅ഴಽࡍࡿ୍᪉㸪⌮ㄽⓗ୍࣭⯡ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽ ࡿಙ㢗ឤᑻᗘࠖࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚㸪⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂឤࡢ㛵㐃 ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪ಙ㢗ឤࡀ⏕ᚐࡢࠕᩍᖌ㛵ಀࠖࡢ㐺ᛂࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣ㸪ၥ㢟⾜ືࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞㆟ㄽ㸪ᐇド ࡞ࡃ㸪 ࠕᏛ⩦㠃ࠖ ࠕ㐍㊰ព㆑ࠖ ࠕつ๎ࡢែᗘࠖ ࠕ≉ูάື ࢹ࣮ࢱᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ㆟ㄽ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ㊶ሗ࿌ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ㆟ ࡢែᗘࠖࡶ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ㸪⏕ᚐࡢ㐺ᛂ ㄽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືᑐࡍࡿ⌮ㄽᐇ㊶ࡀ⼥ ࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌᑐࡍࡿಙ㢗ឤࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྜࡋࡓከ㠃ⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡌࡵࡸⓏᰯ࠸ࡗࡓ⏕ᚐࡢ ၥ㢟⾜ື࠾࠸࡚ᩍᖌࡀ⏕ᚐࡢຓ㈨※࡞ࡾᚓࡿࡓࡵ 㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨ ࡢ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪⏕ᚐࡢ㠀⾜ࡸᏛ⣭ᔂቯ࡞ࢆண㜵ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㸪 ᩍᖌ㸫⏕ᚐ㛵ಀࡽᤊ࠼ࡿ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືࡢᨭ ᩍᖌ⏕ᚐࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀࡢᵓ⠏ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ࡣ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟⾜ࡗࡓ⏕ᚐࡢᩍᖌᑐࡍࡿಙ㢗ឤ ୰ឡ▱ᩍ⫱Ꮫ ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືࡢᨭⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ୍ࡘࡢ㔜せ ࡢつᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆᴫほࡋ㸪ᩍᖌࡀ⏕ᚐࡢຓ⪅ ࡞ࡾᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢせᅉࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞どⅬ࡞ࡾᚓࡿࡢࡀᩍᖌ㸫⏕ᚐ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࡢ◊ ✲࡛ࡶ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࡗ࡚ࠕຓ㈨※ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ㔜せ࡞ ᒃሙᡤࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡍၥ㢟⾜ື ⪅ࠖࡢᏑᅾࡀࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢ⦆⾪࡞ࡾ㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛᰯ㐺 ▼ᮏ㞝┿㫽ྲྀᏛ ᛂᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(㓇࣭Ⳣཎ࣭┾ ᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞ពࢆྵࡴᒃሙᡤ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣ㸪 ࠕᒃሙᡤࡀ࡞ ᴿᇛ࣭Ⳣཎ࣭ᮧ, 2002)ࠋ ࠸ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓゝⴥࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺Ḟஈ≧ἣࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ ୰࡛ࡶ㸪Ꮫᰯ✵㛫ࡢ୰࡛┤᥋ⓗ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛᰯ㐺ᛂ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ(ᒣ, 1993 ࡞)㸪ᙜึⓏᰯ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚⏝ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀ㸪ᩍᖌ㛵ಀ㸪ே㛵ಀ ࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(ⴗཎ, 2001)ࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ ࠸ࡗࡓᏛᰯෆࡢᑐே㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡶ㸪ᩍᖌ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศ㔝࠾࠸࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᒃ ش3ش ሙᡤ࡙ࡃࡾ࠸ࡗࡓάືࡶᣑࡀࡾࢆࡳࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ(す୰, ࢡ࣮ࣝࡸᐙᗞ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦άືࢆ⩏ົᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡛ࡢᏛࡧࡍ 2014)ࠋ ࡿἲࡢᥦฟࡶ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᩥ⬦࡛ඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᒃሙᡤࡀḞஈࡍ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪Ⓩᰯᑐࡋ࡚ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᨭࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ ࡿ㐺ᛂࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪ᒃሙᡤ࡙ࡃࡾࡼࡗ࡚㐺ᛂࢆಁ ࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨭࡀᒆࡁࡃ࠸ᆅᇦࡸಶேࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺㸪ᒃሙᡤࡣ㐺ᛂⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡶᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋගᏛࡀ⨨ࡍࡿ⏫⏣ᕷ㭯ᕝᆅ༊ ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㏆ᖺᒃሙᡤࡲࡘࢃࡿ ࡣ㸪ᕝᓮᕷ㯞⏕༊㞄᥋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⏫⏣ᕷ୰ᚰ㒊ࡽ㞳 ⾜ືࡀ㐺ᛂ≧ែࡸၥ㢟⾜ືࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ࠸ࡗࡓ⌧㇟ࡶ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪㐺ᛂᣦᑟᩍᐊࡶ㐲ࡃ㸪Ẹ㛫ࡢࣇࣜ ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪 ͇͆࢟ࣕࣛࢆ⏝ ࣮ࢫࢡ࣮ࣝࡶ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪Ⓩᰯඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᒃሙᡤࢆぢ ࠸ࡓே㛵ಀࢆࡿࡇࡣᒃሙᡤ☜ಖࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࡉ ฟࡍࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ⓩᰯᨭࡢᡭࡀᒆࡁࡃ࠸ᆅ ࢀࡿࡀ(℩, 2009 ࡞)㸪࢟ࣕࣛ⑂ࢀ⛠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪Ⓩᰯࡢ㢧ᅾⓗ࣭₯ᅾⓗࢽ࣮ࢬࡣከ 㐺ᛂ≧ែࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡉࢀࡿ(, 2011)ࠋ࢟ࣕࣛࡣ㸪࿘ ࠸ࠋ ᅖࡢ㛵ಀ࠾࠸୍࡚㒊ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏࡑࢀ௨እࡢഃ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪Ⓨ⾲⪅(㧘ᆏ)ࡣ㸪2013 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡼࡾ㸪ගᏛ 㠃ࢆ↓どࡍࡿ㛵ࢃࡾ࡛࠶ࡾ(ᮏ㛫, 2009)㸪ᮏᚰࢆヰࡉࡎ┦ ෆ㸪ᆅᇦࡢⓏᰯඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ᮶࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪Ꮫ⏕࣭ ᡭྜࢃࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᑐே㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐே㛵 Ꮫ㝔⏕(௨ୗ㸪ࢫࢱࢵࣇ)ࡢὶࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㐺ᛂࡸ♫ᛶ ಀࡣ㸪 ࠕᒃሙᡤࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᒃሙᡤḞஈឤࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ㐺ᛂᨭᐊࠕ࠸ࡄ࠾㹼ࡿࠖࢆ㸪 ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ(す୰࣭▼ᮏ, 2012)㸪ᚰ⌮ⓗ㐺ᛂࡸᏛᰯ㐺ᛂࢆ 㐌 1 ᪥ 6 㛫㛤ᐊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋே㛵ಀࡸᩍᖌࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ ᦆ࡞࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(▼ᮏࡽ, 2009)ࠋࡲࡓ࠸ࡌࡵၥ㢟㛵ࡋ ࡢᝎࡳ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐜ࢀ㸪Ⓨ㐩㞀ࡀ࠸࡞㸪ከᵝ࡞⌮⏤࡛ ࡚㸪ᅜࡣ␗࡞ࡾ୰Ꮫ⏕࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ௰⪅ࡀῶࡾ⥆ࡅ㸪 Ⓩᰯ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀὶࡍࡿࡇ ഐほ⪅ࡀቑ࠼⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ(᳃⏣, 2001)㸪࿘ᅖ ࡛㸪Ⓩᰯඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᒃሙᡤ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓᏛ⏕࣭ ྜࢃࡏᒃሙᡤࢆ☜ಖࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ᪉␎ࡺ࠼࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡢ⤒㦂࣭Ꮫ⩦ࡢሙࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ㸪ᐙᗞࡸᏛᰯᒃሙᡤࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙ Ⓩᰯඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ୰ࡣ㸪ᛮᮇࡢᚰ㌟ࡢኚࡶ ྜ㸪ᛶᦢྲྀࡸ㐪ἲປാࢆక࠺ᒃሙᡤࢆぢฟࡍᵝᏊ ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚㸪⮬㌟ࡢෆⓗ≧ែࢆ࠺ࡲࡃゝㄒ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⪅ࡶ ࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ோ⸨, 2014)ࠋ ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ⠏ࡅ ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᒃሙᡤࡢ㈇ࡢഃ㠃 ࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ࢫࢱࢵࣇᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ㐣࡞㜵⾨࣭㐺ᛂࢆ♧ ࡽ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢၥ㢟⾜ືࡘ࠸࡚ᤊ࠼㸪ࡑࡢᑐᛂࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᤊ࠼ࡃ࠸Ⓩᰯඣ ⪃࠼ࡿᶵࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢෆⓗ≧ែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㐺ᛂᨭᐊࠕ࠸ࡄ ࠾㹼ࡿ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪⒪ἲࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ෆⓗ≧ែ࣭ኚࡢ ⟽ᗞࡽࡳࡿⓏᰯࡽࡢ❧ࡕ┤ࡾ ʊ ග ᢕᥱࡸ㸪ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢヰ㢟సࡾࡢࡓࡵ㸪⟽ᗞࡢసᡂࢆ Ꮫ㐺ᛂᨭᐊࠕ࠸ࡄ࠾㹼ࡿࠖࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡽ ʊ ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⟽ᗞࢆ⥅⥆ⓗ⾜࠺ࡇࡼࡾ㸪Ⓩᰯඣ 㧘ᆏᗣ㞞ගᏛ ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢෆⓗ≧ែࡸࡑࡢኚࡀⓗ☜ᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࡀ ၥ㢟⾜ືࡣ୍⯡ⓗ㸪♫ⓗ⾜ື㠀♫ⓗ⾜ື ྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋ ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㉳ࡇࡍၥ㢟⾜ືࡋ࡚㸪㠀⾜ࡀ ᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪࡛ࡣ㸪㐺ᛂᨭᐊࠕ࠸ࡄ࠾㹼ࡿ࡛ࠖࡢ┠ⓗ࣭ ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡢ௦⾲᱁࡛࠶ࡿࡍࢀࡤ㸪㠀♫ⓗ⾜ືࡢ௦ άືࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡍࡿࡶ㸪⣙ 1 ᖺ㛫㏻ᐊࡋࡓ୰Ꮫ ⾲᱁ࡣⓏᰯ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋⓏᰯඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᩘࡣ㸪 3 ᖺ⏕⏨Ꮚࡢ㸪⥅⥆ⓗ࡞⟽ᗞࡢࢆࡶ㸪⟽ᗞࡼ ᖹᡂ24ᖺᗘẚ㸪 ᖹᡂ25ᖺᗘࡣࡸࡸቑຍࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪 ࡿ㸪ෆⓗ≧ែࡸⴱ⸨ࡑࡢኚࢆᢕᥱࡋ㸪Ⓩᰯᨭ 㛗ᮇⓗࡳࢀࡤῶഴྥ࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᩍ⫋ ࡢά⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ ဨࡸࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࢝࢘ࣥࢭ࣮ࣛࡼࡿᑀ࡞ᑐᛂ㸪ಖᐊⓏ ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡸⓎ㐩ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡢ ᰯࡸูᐊⓏᰯࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᵝ࡞Ⓩᰯ᪉ἲࡢᥦ♧㸪ᩍ⫱ጤဨ ⟽ᗞࡘ࠸࡚㸪⌮ㄽⓗ࣭ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ほⅬࡽ㆟ㄽࢆ῝ࡵ࡚ ࡼࡿ㐺ᛂᣦᑟᩍᐊࡸẸ㛫ࡢࣇ࣮ࣜࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࡞㸪ከ ࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ᵝ࡞ᒃሙᡤࡢฟ࡞㸪ᵝࠎ࡞Ⓩᰯᑐᛂ࣭ᨭࡀ⾜ࢃ ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣜࢫ ش4 ش ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࢫࢱࣝࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ ᐃἲࡑࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ ̿ DMM-AAI ECR-RS ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ ̿ ⏬⪅㸸᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ 24 ᅇ‽ഛጤဨ࣭ᡞ⏣ᘯ㸦ᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 ྖ ⪅㸸ᡞ⏣ ᘯ㸦ᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸୕ୖ ㅬ୍㸦ᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸ྂᮧኴ㑻㸦⟃ἼᏛᏛ㝔㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸ᮧୖ 㐩ஓ㸦⟃ἼᏛ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸ᕝ ᜨ㸦⏥༡Ꮫ㸧 㸯㸬⏬᪨ ࡣ㸪0DU\0DLQ ࡽࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࢲࣝࢺ࣭ࢱࢵࢳ ᭱㏆㸪㠃᥋ἲ࡛ࡶ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ࡛ࡶ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ᑻᗘࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉ ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ$GXOW$WWDFKPHQW,QWHUYLHZ$$,࡛ ࢀ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㠃᥋ἲࡋ ࠶ࡿࠋ$$, ࡣ㸪0DLQ ࡢᖌ࡛࠶ࡿ $LQVZRUWK ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࢫ ࡚ࡣ㸪&ULWWHQGHQ 30ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ '\QDPLF0DWXUDWLRQDO ࢺࣞࣥࢪ࣭ࢩࢳ࢚࣮ࣗࢩࣙࣥἲ 㸦6WUDQJH6LWXDWLRQ3URFHGXUH 0RGHORI$WWDFKPHQWDQG$GDSWDWLRQ㸦ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ㐺ᛂ 663㸧ࡢࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺศ㢮᪉ᘧ㸦$%&' ࡢ ศ㢮㸧 ࡢຊື࣮ᡂ⇍ࣔࢹࣝ㸧 ᪉ᘧࡼࡿ $$,㸦௨ୗ㸪 '00$$,㸧 ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪$$, 663 ࢆ ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ⤂ࡉࢀ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ $$, ࡼࡾࡶᡂேᮇࡢ」㞧࡞ ే⏝ࡋ࡚ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡢୡ௦㛫ఏ㐩◊✲ࡀከᩘ⾜ࢃࢀ ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ᪉␎ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሗ࿌ࡉ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ࡞㸪$$, ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ◊✲ࡢ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪㉁ၥ⣬ᑻᗘ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ )UDOH\ ࡽ㸦㸧 Ⓨᒎࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ㠃᥋ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ (&556 ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡀసᡂࡉࢀ㸪ᑐ㇟⪅㈇ ㏆ᖺ㸪$$, ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぶᏊ㛵ಀࡢⓎ㐩◊✲ࢆ㉸࠼࡚㸪 ᢸࢆࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ㸪ẕぶ㸪∗ぶ㸪ே㸪ᜊே㸦ࡶࡋࡃ ⮫ᗋࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡶὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ ࡣ㓄അ⪅㸧ࡢ ᑐ㇟ࡢࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࢫࢱࣝࢆ ᐃ ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ6WHHOH6WHHOHࠋࡋࡋ㸪$$, ࢆ⮫ᗋᛂ ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾ㸪ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟ࡢ㛵ಀ≉ ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿືࡁࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓ୰࡛㸪ࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡶ᫂ࡽ ␗ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣ㸪'00$$, ࡢࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮ࡢ㈨᱁ࢆྲྀ ࡑࡢ᭱ࡶࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ㸪ஙᗂඣࡼࡾࡣࡿᡂ⇍ࡋࡓ ᚓࡋࡓ୕ୖㅬ୍Ặ㸦ᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㸧 (&5(6 ᪥ᮏㄒ ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡕ㸪ࡘ㐣㓞࡞⏕⫱Ṕࢆᣢࡘࡇࡢከ࠸⮫ᗋ⩌ ∧ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗࡓྂᮧኴ㑻Ặ࣭ᮧୖ㐩ஓẶ㸦⟃ἼᏛ㸧 ࡢᡂேࡢࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡢศ㢮ࢆ㸪ஙᗂඣྠࡌ ศ㢮 㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡶ࡙࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ ᐃἲࡢ≉ᚩ࣓ࣜ ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇࢀ⮫ᗋⓗጇᙜᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠸ ࢵࢺࢆㄒࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢሗ࿌ࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪 ࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪂ࡋ࠸ ᐃἲࡀᚋࡢ◊✲ࡸ⮫ᗋ⌧ሙࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈉⊩ ࡇࡢၥ㢟ᑐࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢ⟅࠼ࢆฟࡋࡓࡢࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ ࢆᡂࡍ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪◊✲ࡸ⮫ᗋάື⏝࠸ࡿࡓࡵࡣࡢ $LQVZRUWK ࡢᩍ࠼Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 3DWULFLD0&ULWWHQGHQ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟Ⅼࡸㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㉁ၥ⣬ᑻᗘ &ULWWHQGHQ ࡣࠕࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ㐺ᛂࡢຊື㸫ᡂ⇍ࣔࢹࣝ ࡶ༙ᵓ㐀㠃᥋ἲࡶ⢭㏻ࡋ㸪άⓎ࡞◊✲࣭⮫ᗋᐇ㊶ '\QDPLF0RGHORIDWWDFKPHQWDQGDGDSWDWLRQ'00ࠖ άືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⏥༡Ꮫᕝᜨᩍᤵᣦᐃウㄽࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡤࢀࡿ⊂⮬ࡢࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ⌮ㄽࢆᥦၐࡋࡓ&ULWWHQGHQ ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠋ DQG/DQGLQLࠋ'00 ࡛ࡣ㸪ಶேࡣᡂ⇍ࡍࡿ୰࡛⤒㦂 ࡍࡿ༴ᶵࡢ✀㢮ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ᪉␎ࢆࡼࡾከ 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨ ᵝࡘ」㞧Ⓨ㐩ࡉࡏࡿ௬ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪 '00$$, ࡢ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㹼$$, ࡢẚ㍑ࡽ㹼 '00 ᪉ᘧࡢ $$,㸦'00$$,㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ $$, ࡼࡾ ୕ୖㅬ୍㸦ᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱Ꮫಖ⟶⌮ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧 ᡂேࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞㠃᥋ἲ ࡶ㸪ࡣࡿከࡃࡢࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺศ㢮ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸦୕ୖ㸪㸧 ࠋ Ɇ5Ɇ ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ '00$$, ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ $$, ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ᳨ ウࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⮫ᗋᛂ⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶᚋࡢ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ㐺⏝ (&556 ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ ̿ྛᑐ㇟ᑐࡍࡿ ,:0 ࡀ⢭ ⚄ⓗᗣ࠾ࡼࡧᏊ⫱࡚⾜ືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪̿ ྥࡅࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ᮧୖ㐩ஓ㸦⟃ἼᏛ ே㛫⣔㸧 ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪ྂᮧẶࡢ (&556 ࡢ㑥ヂጇᙜᛶホ౯ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ &ULWWHQGHQ 30 DQG /DQGLQL $ Assessing Adult 㛵ࡍࡿⓎ⾲ࡢ୰࡛㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡓ (&556 ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㸪 Attachment: A Dynamic-Maturational Approach to ලయⓗࡢࡼ࠺◊✲࠾࠸࡚ල⌧ࡍࡿࢆ㸪ᐇ㝿 Discourse Analysis1HZ<RUN::1RUWRQ&RPSDQ\ 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ࡽࢀᏳࡽࡢࡳ㸪᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪 (&556 ࡣ㸪 ᅇ㑊 㡯┠Ᏻ 㡯┠ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚ 㣴⫱⾜ືࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ᐇドⓗ◊✲ࢆ⤂ ࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࢆ∗ぶ㸪ẕぶ㸪㓄അ⪅࣭ᜊே㸪ே ࡍࡿࠋձ ࠸㣴⫱⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚㸪ẕぶ࠾ࡼࡧே ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ⡆᫆࡞᪉ ᑐࡍࡿぢᤞ࡚ࡽࢀᏳࡽࡢࡳ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀ ἲ࡛ᑐ㇟ูࡢࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࢫࢱࣝࢆ ᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ ࡿ㸪ղ㐣ᖸ΅ⓗ࡞㣴⫱⾜ືᑐࡋ࡚㸪ேᑐࡍࡿぢᤞ ಶேෆኚືࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡚ࡽࢀᏳࡽࡢࡳṇࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㢟 ࢆ ゎ Ỵ ࡍ ࡃ ([SHULHQFH LQ ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ (&556 ࢆ㑥ヂࡋ㸪ጇᙜᛶホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ୍ ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡼࡾ㸪యࣔࢹࣝࡔࡅࢆ ᐃ 㐃ࡢ㐣⛬ࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࠋᮏⓎ⾲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪(&556 ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡣศࡽ࡞࠸㸪㛵ಀᅛ᭷ࣔࢹࣝࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࡸ♫ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡢ ࡢព⩏ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ㸪 (&556 ࡢᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࢆㄽࡌࡓ࠸ࠋ ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡸ᭷⏝ᛶࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࢆ῝ࡵࡓ࠸ࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ᮧୖ㐩ஓ࣭ྂᮧኴ㑻࣭ᡞ⏣ᘯ (&556 ᪥ᮏㄒ )UDOH\ +DIIHUDQ 9LFDU\ %UXPEDXJK 7KH ∧ࡢసᡂ㸦㸧ʊ」ᩘࡢࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟ᑐࡍ H[SHULHQFHV LQ FORVH UHODWLRQVKLSV ² UHODWLRQVKLS VWUXFWXUHV ࡿࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࢫࢱࣝࡀᢚ࠺ࡘཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 TXHVWLRQQDLUH$PHWKRGIRUDVVHVVLQJDWWDFKPHQWRULHQWDWLRQV ʊ ᪥ᮏᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ ᅇ⥲ DFURVVUHODWLRQVKLSVPsychological assessment23 Ɇ6Ɇ ᵝࠎ࡞ KROGLQJ ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ ̿ᢪ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⎔ቃࢆసࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫ̿ ⏬⪅㸸᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ ᅇ‽ഛጤဨ࣭⯖⏣ுኴ㸦ᒣ㝧ᏛᅬᏛ㸧 ྖ⪅㸸⯖⏣ுኴ㸦ᒣ㝧ᏛᅬᏛ㸧 ࣭ᖹ㔝┤ᕫᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱Ꮫ ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸⯖⏣ுኴ㸦ᒣ㝧ᏛᅬᏛ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅▼⏣ဴஓஂ␃⡿Ꮫ ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ᑠ⏣㒊㈗Ꮚ⚟ᒸᕤᴗᏛ ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ᖹ㔝┤ᕫᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱Ꮫ 㸯㸬⏬᪨ ࢚ࣛࣥࢺࡢᚰ⌮⒪ἲ࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ㸦⯖⏣ holding(ᢪ࠼ࡿࡇ㸧ࡣ Winnicott ࡢᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊẕぶ ,2013㸪Ụ,2014㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࢆᐇࡋࡓ ࡀᏊࡶࡢ⫱ඣࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊࢡ࢚ࣛࣥࢺࢆ ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊ᭚㟢య㦂ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᏳ⎔ቃࡢᵓ⠏ࣉࣟࢭࢫ ࡼࡃࠊࡑࡋ࡚⢓ࡾᙉࡃᢪ࠼ࠊᨭࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࢆពࡍ ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲࡸຊືⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲ ࠸ࡗࡓᚰ⌮㠃᥋ࡢ୰࡛ࡢᨭࢆᣦࡍࡀࠊᑐ㇟ࡀᏊࡶࠊ ╧╀ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ࠾ࡅࡿᢪ࠼᪉ Ꮫ⏕ࠊᝈ⪅ࠊᆅᇦ♫ሙᡤࡀኚࢃࢀࡤࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ࡛ࡢ ▼⏣ဴஓஂ␃⡿Ꮫ ་Ꮫ㒊 ᢪ࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢᢪ࠼᪉ࡼࡾࠊCl ࡀ ╀ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲࡣ╀≧ࡢ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᨵၿ ᚎࠎᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡶ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࢘ Ⓨண㜵ຠᯝࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᚰ⌮⒪ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖ㸪 ࣒࡛ࡣࠊ␗ศ㔝ࢆᑓᨷࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ࡀྛࣉ࣮ࣟࢳᇶ࡙ ╧╀᪥ㄅ㸪╧╀⾨⏕ᣦᑟ㸪╧╀ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝἲ㸪ㄆ▱⒪ ࠸ࡓᢪ࠼᪉ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ␗ྠⅬࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ἲ㸪 ࣜࣛࢡࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ➼࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 㐌1ᅇ60ศ㸪 ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡣࠊ⯖⏣࣭ᖹ㔝ࡀྖࢆᢸᙜ 6ࠥ8 ᅇࢆࡵᵓ㐀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᒸᓥ㸪2015㸧 ࠋ㠃᥋ ࡋࠊ⏬㊃᪨ࢆෑ㢌࡛ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋḟࠊ⯖⏣࣭▼⏣࣭ᑠ ࡛ࡣ⮬ࡽ⏕ά⩦័ࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟ ⏣㒊࣭ᖹ㔝ࡽࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࡛ࡢᢪ࠼ࡿ⎔ቃࢆ ࢳ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᣦ♧ⓗධࡶᚲせ࡞ࡿ୍᪉ࠊ㛗ᖺࡢ⩦័ సࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡘ࠸࡚ヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋṧࡾࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊ ࢆኚࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞ࡃᢠࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅ࡣタࡅࡎ㸪ࣇࣟࡢ✚ᴟⓗពぢࢆ㡬ࡁ࡞ࡀ ࡓࡵࠊᨭᣢⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡶ≉㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ╧ ࡽ㆟ㄽࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ╀ᨵၿධࡋࡓࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊ㠃᥋࠾࠸࡚ᣦ♧ᨭ ᣢࢆ୧❧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᢪ࠼ࡿᕤኵࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࡢ㊃᪨ ᚰ⌮⒪ἲ࠾ࡅࡿᢪ࠼᪉ 㸫ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡸ⚟♴┦ㄯࢆ Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⏕ࡢᢪ࠼᪉ ࠸ຊືⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲྵࡵࡿ㸽㸫 ᑠ⏣㒊㈗Ꮚ⚟ᒸᕤᴗᏛ )' ᥎㐍ᶵᵓ ⯖⏣ுኴᒣ㝧ᏛᅬᏛ ⥲ྜே㛫Ꮫ㒊 Ꮫ࡛ࡢᏛࡧ࠾࠸࡚㸪⪅ࡢࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸࢢ ㏆ᖺ㸪TF-CBTࠊPEࠊ EMDR ࡞ࠊࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘↔Ⅼ ࣮ࣝࣉάືࡣḞࡏ࡞࠸せ⣲࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⏕ ࡉࢀࡓㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࡣᭀ㟢ࢆᏳ ࡢ୰ࡣ㸪യࡘࡁయ㦂ࢆᘬࡁࡎࡾᑐே㛵ಀⱞᡭព㆑ࢆ 㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᣢࡗࡓࡾ㸪⪅ࡽࡢᢈุⓗពぢᢠឤࢆࡶࡘ⬤ᙅᛶ ࡋࡋࠊᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱⮬యࡶᭀ㟢ࢆಁࡍせ⣲ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࡢ㧗࠸⪅ࡀ୍ᐃᩘᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪ᑐே㛵ಀ㛵 Ᏻឤࡢ⣽ᚰࡢὀពࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ ࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡢព㆑ࡸᐇែࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋࠊලయ య㦂ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ࢆᑟධࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪Ᏻឤࡢ ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱࣭ᨭࡢᕤኵࢆేࡏ࡚⤂ࡍࡿࠋᏛ࠸࠺ࢩ 㓄៖ᭀ㟢య㦂ࡢಁ㐍࠸࠺㸪┦ࡍࡿ┠ⓗࢆ୧❧ࡉࡏ ࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡛Ꮫ⏕ࢆ࠸ᢪ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࠊㄆ ࡿࡇࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢡ ▱Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ❧ሙࡽ㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ش7ش ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ⮫ᗋ࡛ࡢᏊࡶᐙ᪘ࡢᢪ࠼᪉ ᖹ㔝┤ᕫᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱Ꮫ ᮐᖠᰯ ➹⪅ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫࠊࡾࢃࡅ⢭⚄ศᯒᏛࢆ ୰ᚰࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᾏ㐨ࢆ࡞ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻࡋ࡚ࢥ࣑ࣗ ࢽࢸ⮫ᗋ㸦ᆅᇦᐇ㊶㛵ࢃࡿᚰ⌮⮫ᗋ㸧ࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚ ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ⢭⚄ศᯒⓗᚰ⌮⒪ἲ࠾ࡅࡿ㠃᥋ᐊ ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆཧ⪃ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊࡑࢀࡣ␗࡞ࡿᢪ࠼᪉ ࡢࢹࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢάື ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡘࡘࠊholding ࢆࡧ᪥ᖖࡢ㣴⫱ࡢ୰άࡍ ࡇࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ D.W.Winnicott㸦ⴭ㸧ᒣಟ㸦┘ヂ㸧(1989):ᢪ࠼ࡿࡇ ゎ㔘㸫⢭⚄ศᯒ⒪ࡢグ㘓ࠖ ᒾᓮᏛ⾡ฟ∧♫ ᒣಟ(2001):ᗁ⁛ㄽ ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ ش8ش +HOSIXO7LSVIRU:ULWLQJDQG3UHVHQWLQJ<RXU5HVHDUFKLQ(QJOLVK ⏬⪅㸸 ᅜ㝿ὶጤဨ ㅮ₇⪅㸸 (PPDQXHO0DQDORி㒔Ꮫ ྖ⪅㸸 ⏣୰㯞ᮍ ༓ⴥᏛ ⏬᪨ ㏆ᖺ㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡀ◊✲άືࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛㸪ᅜ㝿Ꮫ ࡛ࡢⓎ⾲ࡸᾏእㄅࡢᢞ✏ࡣ㸪ᚲせྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ͐ࡣゝ࠺ࡶࡢࡢ㸪࠸ࡊ⮬ศࡢ◊✲ࢆⱥㄒ࡛ ⾲⌧ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾲⌧ࡀࡼࡾ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ ࡢᝎࡳጞࡵࡿ࡞࡞ᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺ࡣᤖࡽࡎ㸪㏵୰࡛ ᡭࡘࡎࡢᮇ㛫ࡀࡋࡤࡽࡃ⥆࠸ࡓ࠸࠺⤒㦂ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺㸽ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒ࡛ࡢཱྀ㢌Ⓨ ⾲ࡸㄽᩥᇳ➹ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿᣦᑟࡶ࠶ࡓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ி㒔Ꮫࡢ (PPDQXHO0DQDOR ඛ⏕ࢆ࠾ᣍࡁࡋ㸪ᅜ㝿Ꮫ ࡸㄽᩥᇳ➹࠾ࡅࡿຠᯝⓗ࡞ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪉ἲ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈㅮ₇࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋᮏ⏬ࡀ㸪ⱥㄒ࡛ࡢࣉࣞ ࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᑐࡍࡿⓙࡉࢇࡢᝎࡳࢆゎᾘࡋ㸪ᚋࡢ ᅜ㝿Ꮫࡢ࢚ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜᢞ✏ࡢࡁࡗࡅࡸ㸪ḟ࡞ࡿ ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡢ࠾ᙺ❧ࡘሙ࡞ࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ㅮ₇⪅␎Ṕ 'U0DQDORLVSURIHVVRURIHGXFDWLRQDOSV\FKRORJ\DW.\RWR 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↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋጊࡳࡣほⓗබṇᇶ࡙ࡃ♫ⓗ ࠸ࡌࡵࡣຍᐖ⪅⿕ᐖ⪅ຍ࠼㸪⫈⾗㸪ഐほ⪅࠸ ឤࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୰യࡸࣁࣛࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࠋ ࠺❧ሙࡢே㛫ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ⫈⾗ࡣ࠸ࡌࡵࢆ㠃ⓑࡀࡾ㸪ഐ ᚑ᮶ᆺࡢ࠸ࡌࡵ㸦௰㛫ࡣࡎࢀ㸧ࡢሙྜ㸪⿕ᐖ⪅ᑐࡍࡿ ほ⪅ࡣ࠸ࡌࡵࢆ㯲ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠸ࡌࡵࢆ㛫᥋ⓗㆤࡍ ጊࡳࡣ㸪ഐほⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆㄏ࠺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪 ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ຍᐖ⪅⿕ᐖ⪅௨እࡢ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡌࡵ㛵 ጊࡳࡀࢿࢵࢺ࠸ࡌࡵ㸦cyberbullying㸧ࢆຓ㛗ࡍࡿྰ ࡍࡿ⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡌࡵ㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡣ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢧࣈࢱࣉ⌮ㄽ㸦Ⰻᛶጊࡳᝏᛶጊࡳ㸧 ᩘከࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⌧ᅾࡶ࡞࠾ࡑࡢ◊✲ࡣቑ࠼⥆ࡅ࡚ ࡽࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪࠸ࡌࡵᑐࡍࡿ₯ᅾ ࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪࠸ࡌࡵࡘ࠸࡚ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࠸࠺ほ ⓗ࡞㑅ዲࡢ ᐃ㸦₯ᅾ㐃ྜࢸࢫࢺ㸧ጊࡳࡸࡍࡉࡢ㛵㐃 Ⅼࡽࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ༑ศ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏࢩࣥ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゐࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓሗ࿌ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪࠸ࡌࡵ⿕ᐖ ࣏ࢪ࣒࢘ࡣ࠸ࡌࡵ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ ⪅ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃឤࡢᢕᥱࡀ㸪࠸ࡌࡵࡢ῝้ࢆ㜵ࡄ୍ຓ ⌮Ꮫࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࠋ ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࢹࣥࣇࣟࢹ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆᩘ ከࡃ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡿ⃝⏣ேඛ⏕Ꮫᰯ㐺ᛂࡸ㜵≢ࡢ◊ 2.2. ࠸ࡌࡵࡸ㠀⾜ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ṇᙜࡉࢀࡿࡢ ஂಖᬛ⏕㸦㤶ᕝᏛ㸧 ✲ࢆ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿஂಖᬛ⏕ඛ⏕ࢆ࠾㏄࠼ࡋ㸪ࡈ⮬㌟ࡢ ◊✲ࡸ࠸ࡌࡵ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠋ ㏆ᖺ㸪 ࠕ࠸ࡌࡵࢮࣟࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆࡗࡓࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥࡀ ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅ࡢ୰ᮧ⋹Ꮚඛ⏕ࡣ㸪࠸ࡌࡵᢚṆࡢࣉࣟࢢ ከࡃࡢ⮬యࡸᏛᰯ࡞࡛❧࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㠀⾜ࡢ୰࡛ ࣒ࣛࢆసᡂࡉࢀࡓࡈ⤒㦂ࡽ㸪ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢⓎ ࡶᘬࡁࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠕᘬࡁࢮࣟࡢ♫ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢫࣟ ⾲ᑐࡋ࡚㉁ၥࡸࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ ࣮࢞ࣥࡀᩘከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋᐇࡣ㸪࠸ࡌࡵࡶᘬࡁࡶࢮࣟ ࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࡀ࠸ࡌࡵࡢゎỴࡢࡼ࠺ᐤࡋ࠺ࡿ㸪 ࡍࡿࡇࡣᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡸ࿘ࡾࡀぢ࡚ぢࡠࡩࡾࢆ ࣇࣟࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢ㉁ၥࡸࡈពぢࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁ࡞ࡀࡽάⓎ࡞ ࡋ㸪ᗑ⯒ࡸ㆙ᐹࡀぢ࡚ぢࡠࡩࡾࢆࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㆟ㄽࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ࠸ࡌࡵࡸ㠀⾜ࡢၥ㢟࡛㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣ㸪ࢮࣟࡍ ࡿࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢ❧ࡕ┤ࡾࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ຍᐖ⪅ 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨ ࡶ❧ࡕ┤ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞㞟ᅋࡸ♫ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛࠶ 2.1. ࠸ࡌࡵࡣጊࡳࡼࡗ࡚ຓ㛗ࡉࢀࡿࡢ ࡿࠋ࠸ࡌࡵࡸ㠀⾜࡞ࡣᝏ࠸ࡣࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪⮬㌟ ⃝⏣ே㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑᏛ㸧 ࡢ⾜ືࢆṇᙜࡋ࡚⥅⥆ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡽ㸪ࡇࡢヰ㢟 ࠸ࡌࡵၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࡀႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ᥦ౪࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡌࡵࡸ㠀⾜ࢆṇᙜࡍࡿࡓࡵຍᐖ⪅ࡀ⾲ ࡗ࡚ஂࡋ࠸ࠋຍᐖ⪅ؐ⿕ᐖ⪅࠸࠺⪅㛵ಀ࡛࠸ࡌࡵࢆ ᫂ࡋ㸪࿘ᅖࢆ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡿືᶵࡢㄒᙡࡘ࠸࡚↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ ᤊ࠼ࡿࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙧ࡛࠸ࡌࡵࢥ࣑ࢵ ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ࠸ࡌࡵ㠀⾜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡸ㸪࠸ࡌࡵࡸ㠀⾜ ࢺࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ⪅ࡓࡕࡢᏑᅾࡣ┳㐣࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪࡞ࡐ ືᶵࡢㄒᙡ࠾ࡼࡧᨷᧁᛶ㸪ぶᏊ㛵ಀࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢹ ࠸ࡌࡵࡣ㸪࿘ᅖࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛ᝏࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࣮ࢱࢆ♧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ຍᐖ⪅ࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ⾜ືࢆᚋࡋ㸪❧ࡕ ࡇࡢヰ㢟ᥦ౪࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡌࡵ⿕ᐖ⪅ᑐࡍࡿጊࡳ㸦envy㸧 ┤ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ㞟ᅋࡸ♫ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࠋ ش10 ش Ꮫ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡢ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢࡢヨࡳ ⏬⪅㸸ྛ✀㟁Ꮚ᳨ウᑠጤဨ ྖ⪅㸸ᐙᓥ᫂ᙪ㸦㜰Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸ᐙᓥ᫂ᙪ㸦㜰Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸బ⸨ᗈⱥ㸦ಙᕞᏛ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸➉ෆ୍┿㸦ከᦶᏛ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸బ⸨ᜨ⨾㸦ᮾிᐩኈᏛ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸ᯇ⏣ᾈᖹ㸦ᮾᩥᩍᏛ㸧 㸯㸬⏬᪨ 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨ ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗࠕඃࢀࡓ⤌⧊ࡢຠ Ꮫ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡢ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢྥࡅ࡚ ᯝⓗ࣭ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ࡢ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡧ㸪⮬⤌⧊㐺ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ ᐙᓥ᫂ᙪ㸦㜰Ꮫ㸧 ᑟධࡋ࡚㸪ᨵ㠉࣭ᨵၿ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ୍㐃ࡢάືࠖ Ꮫ䜴䜵䝤䝃䜲䝖䛾䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜻䞁䜾䛻ඛ❧䛱䠈ᮏᏛ䛾 䜴䜵䝤䝃䜲䝖䛻䛴䛔䛶ᴫㄝ䛩䜛䚹ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈ᵓᡂ䠈ෆᐜ䠈 ࢆពࡍࡿࠋ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㛵㐃ᏛࡀከᩘᏑᅾࡋ㸪⤌⧊⎔ቃࡢኚࡀ⃭ࡋ እほ䠈᭦᪂యไ䞉㢖ᗘ䛺䛹䠈ᇶᮏⓗሗ䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛩䜛䚹 ࠸௦࠾࠸࡚㸪ሗⓎಙຊࡀᏛ㐠Ⴀࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍ 䜎䛯䠈ᮏᏛ䜴䜵䝤䝃䜲䝖䛾᭦᪂䛻ᦠ䜟䛳䛶䛝䛯❧ሙ䛛䜙䠈 ࡿࡇࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋᮏᏛࡢ㐠Ⴀࡗ࡚Ḟࡃࡇ ᮏᏛ䜴䜵䝤䝃䜲䝖䛾ኚ㑄䛸᭦᪂ᢸᙜ⪅䛜ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜛ㄢ㢟 ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሗ㸦࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫάືࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ࡍෆ㒊 䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒ሗ࿌䛩䜛䚹 ࡢሗ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪Ꮫάືᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿእ㒊⎔ቃࡢ ᡓ␎࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢ㸸ᮏᏛࡢ≉ᚩᚋࡢᡓ␎ బ⸨ᗈⱥ㸦ಙᕞᏛ㸧 ሗ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪➇தࡸ➇ྜ⤌⧊ࡢሗ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡞㸧ࡣ ᡓ␎䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜻䞁䜾䠄ᡓ␎ⓗ䛺➇தୖ䛾ᙉ䜏䞉ᙅ䜏䛻 ࡲ࡛ᩚ⌮࣭ศᯒࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣ㸪Ꮫ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡢ࣋ 㞟୰䛧䛶ẚ㍑䞉ศᯒ䛩䜛䛣䛸䠅䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈ᚲせ䛺䝖䝺䞁䝗䜢᳨ウ ࣥࢳ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢࢆヨࡳࡿࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮⣔ࡢᏛ 䛩䜛䚹ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈ㄽᩥ䛾䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᢞ✏䠈䝁䞁䝔䞁䝒᭦᪂䠈 ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺᮏᏛࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࢆẚ㍑ࡋ㸪ᚋ 䝯䞊䝹䝙䝳䞊䝇Ⓨಙ䠈ᥖ㍕ሗ䛺䛹ဨྥ䛡䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛴 ࡢᨵ㠉࣭ᨵၿࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ 䛔䛶Ꮫ䛸ẚ㍑䞉ศᯒ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䜢ሗ࿌䛩䜛 ᅇ㸪ẚ㍑ᑐ㇟ࡋࡓᅜෆࡢᚰ⌮⣔Ꮫࡣ㸪ձ᪥ᮏ ➇ྜ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢ㸸ᚰ⌮⣔ࡢᏛࡢẚ㍑ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪ղ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪ճ᪥ᮏ♫ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪 ➉ෆ୍┿㸦ከᦶᏛ㸧 մ᪥ᮏⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪յ᪥ᮏᛂ⏝ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪ն᪥ᮏឤ ➇ྜ䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜻䞁䜾䠄┤᥋➇ྜ䛩䜛⤌⧊䛾䝧䝇䝖䞉䝥 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪շ᪥ᮏ㉁ⓗᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪ո᪥ᮏ㟷ᖺᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪 䝷䜽䝔䜱䝇䛸ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛣䛸䠅䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈Ꮫ䛸ẚ㍑䞉ศᯒ䛧䛯 չ᪥ᮏࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭ࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࢫᏛ㸪ࡢ 9 Ꮫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⤖ᯝ䜢ሗ࿌䛩䜛䚹ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈つᶍ䜔タ❧ᖺ䛛䜙ᢳฟ䛧䛯 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᾏ እ ࡢ Ꮫ ࡸ ᅜ 㝿 ⓗ ࡞ Ꮫ ࡛ ࡣ պ APA ᚰ⌮⣔Ꮫ䛾䜴䜵䝤䝃䜲䝖䛸䛾ẚ㍑䞉ศᯒ䜢⾜䛔䠈ᚓ䜙䜜 㸦 American Psychological Association 㸧㸪 ջ SPSP 䛯ඹ㏻Ⅼ䛸┦㐪Ⅼ䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛩䜛䚹 㸦Society for Personality and Social Psychology㸧㸪ռ ᶵ⬟࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮࢟ࣥࢢ㸸␗ศ㔝ࡢᏛࡢẚ㍑ EAPP 㸦 European Association of Personality బ⸨ᜨ⨾㸦ᮾிᐩኈᏛ㸧 Psychology㸧 㸪սISSID㸦International Society for the ᶵ⬟䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜻䞁䜾䠄ẚ㍑ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜛ᶵ⬟䜢᭷䛩䜛䠈⮬ Study of Individual Differences㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ⤌⧊䛸␗䛺䜛ᒓᛶ䛾⤌⧊䛸䛾ẚ㍑ศᯒ䠅䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈ᚰ⌮⣔䛾 ࡇࢀࡽ 13 ࡢᏛ㸦ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ㸧᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ ࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸦ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ㸧ࢆẚ㍑᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ Ꮫ䜴䜵䝤䝃䜲䝖䛻㊊䜚䛶䛔䛺䛔ᶵ⬟䛻䛴䛔䛶᥈⣴ⓗ䛻᳨ ウ䛩䜛䚹 ش11 ش ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢯࢵࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ⏬⪅㸸᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫᗈሗጤဨ㸦ᢸᙜ㸸㇂㸪ྂᮧኴ㑻㸪ᚨỌౡᏊ㸪ⶶỌ▖㸧 ྖ⪅㸸㇂㸦㜰Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸㛗㇂ᕝ㸦ᮾᾏᏛ㝔Ꮫ㸧 㸪㕥ᮌ㞞அ㸦ዪᏊᏛ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸బࠎᮌ῟㸦㜰Ꮫ㸧 㸪ᒣ⏣๛ྐ㸦ᒸᒣᏛ㸧 ᒾῡ༓᫂ (2001). ࠶࡞ࡓࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢฎ⌮ゎᯒ 㸯㸬⏬᪨ ᚰ⌮Ꮫศ㔝࠾࠸࡚㸪௬ㄝⓗᵓᡂᴫᛕࡋ࡚ᚰࢆᤊ࠼ ࡿᡭἲࡣᐇ㦂ἲࡸㄪᰝἲ㸪ほᐹἲ➼ከᒱΏࡿ㸦ᒾῡ, ⚟ᮧฟ∧ ᆏඖ❶ (2002). ࢮ࣑ෆඹྠ◊✲ࡼࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅ᩍ⫱ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫᖺሗ, 41, 31. 2001㸧 ࠋࡲࡓ㸪◊✲ࡢࢱࣉࡶㄪᰝ◊✲㸪ᐇ㦂◊✲㸪ᐇ㊶ ◊✲࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪◊✲ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿࢹ࣮ ྜྷ⏣ᑑኵ (2006). ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ἲࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡓࡕ ㄔಙ᭩ ᡣ ࢱࡶ㉁ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㔞ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸦༡㢼ཎ࣭ᕷ ᕝ࣭ୗᒣ, 2004㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ࠕᚰࠖ ࢆ㏣✲ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡣ୍ᵝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪◊✲᪉ἲࡋ 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨ ࡚ࡃၥ㢟ࡢ࡞࠸᪉ἲࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸦ྜྷ⏣, 2006㸧 㸪 2.1. ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢯࢵࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ◊✲ࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡸ≧ἣᛂࡌ ̿ࡍ࠺◊✲ࢆᣲࡆ࡚̿ ࡚㐺ษ࡞᪉ἲࢆ࠸ศࡅࡓࡾ㸪୍ࡘࡢ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ᑐࡋ 㛗㇂ᕝ㸦ᮾᾏᏛ㝔Ꮫ㸧 ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢ㛫࡛㸪ᚰ⌮ⓗၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓ ࡚」ᩘࡢ◊✲᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪㏆ᖺࡣ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡸ౯್ࡣ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛ ࡵࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ධᢏἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡢ ၥ㡿ᇦᑐࡋ࡚㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪♫ၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ ⫼ᬒ࠶ࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢṇ☜࡞⌮ゎࡇࡑࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪 ᐤࡍࡿࡇࡀせㄳࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶከ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞せ ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀᗈࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄆ㆑ࡀᫎࡉࢀࡓ ㄳᛂ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢ᪉ἲㄽ⢭㏻ࡋࡓୖ࡛◊✲ ࡋ࡚㸪ࡍ࠺◊✲ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡍ࠺ࡣࠕ⮬ᕫࡢᢚ ࢆ⾜࠸㸪 ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆୖࡆࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ 㸦ᆏඖ, 2002㸧 ࠋ ࠺ࡘ≧ࡸࡑࡢ≧ࡀ♧၀ࡍࡿࡇ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ⾜ື ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࢆ㚷ࡳ㸪ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣ㸪」ᩘ ࡸᛮ⪃ࠖᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ࣭࠺ࡘ◊✲࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽ ࡢ◊✲᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸୍࡚ࡘࡢ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㏣✲ࡍࡿ㸪࣐ࣝ ࢀࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991)ࠋ ࢳ࣓ࢯࢵࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ ㏆ᖺࡢࡍ࠺◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ṇ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢯࢵࢻ࣭ࣉࣟ ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢯࢵࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚ࡁ ࣮ࢳࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚㸪ࡍ࠺࠸࠺ ࡓ◊✲⪅࡛࠶ࡿ㸪㛗㇂ᕝẶ㸪㕥ᮌ㞞அẶࡽ㸪ࡢࡼ ⌧㇟ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㈨㔠ࡸປຊࢆ࠸࡚ ࠺࡞◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ᑐࡋ࡚」ᩘࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀྜពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪 㸪࡞ࡐ」ᩘࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆᚲせࡋࡓࡢ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀᙜศ㔝 ࡚」ᩘࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ➼㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢯࢵ ཧධࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀᨾ㸪⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣜࢸࢆ☜ ࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓయ㦂ࢆ࠾ヰ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠋࡉ ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀᡭࢆࡘࡅ࡚࡞࠸ษࡾཱྀࡽ◊ ࡽ㸪ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅ࡋ࡚బࠎᮌ῟Ặ㸪ᒣ⏣๛ྐẶࢆᣍࡁ㸪 ✲ࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢಶࠎࡢⓎ⾲ᑐࡍࡿࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ㸪࣐ࣝ ➹⪅ࡀࡍ࠺◊✲ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳጞࡵ࡚ࡽ 10 ᖺࡢ᭶᪥ ࢳ࣓ࢯࢵࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢᚲせᛶࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡀ⤒ࡘࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ㛫㠃᥋ἲ㸦㛗㇂ᕝ࣭ྜ࣭᰿ᘓ, 2010㸧 㸪 ࡔࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣇࣟࡽࡢ㆟ㄽࡶྵࡵ㸪࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢯ ㄪᰝ◊✲㸦㛗㇂ᕝ࣭᰿ᘓ, 2011㸧 㸪ධ◊✲㸦㛗㇂ᕝ, 2013a㸧 㸪 ࢵࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᶵࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ⾜ືⓗᣦᶆࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ‽ᐇ㦂ⓗ◊✲㸦㛗㇂ᕝ, 2013b; ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Hasegawa, Yoshida, Hattori, Nishimura, Morimoto, & ༡㢼ཎᮅ࣭ᕷᕝఙ୍࣭ୗᒣᬕᙪ (2004). ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ἲ Tanno, 2015㸧ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛➹⪅ࡀឤࡌࡓࡇ ධ㛛̿ㄪᰝ࣭ᐇ㦂ࡽᐇ㊶ࡲ࡛ ᮾிᏛฟ∧ ࡣ㸪ධ◊✲ࡼࡾ⟅࠼ࢆᑟࡁฟࡍࡇࡢ㝈⏺Ⅼࡸᅔ㞴 ش12 ش ࡉ㸪 ᐃ᪉ἲࢆὙ⦎ࡍࡿ౯್ࡸ㠃ⓑࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ᪥ࡣ すᮧ࣭Ꮮ, ༳ๅ୰; Suzuki & Sun, in press㸧 㸪ᐇ㦂ᤵᴗ ➹⪅ࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋ࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡼࡿ◊✲㸦㕥ᮌ, 2011㸧࡞ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢸࢫࢺሙ㠃࠾ࡅ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ࡿᏛ⩦ࡢᐇែࡸ㸪ࢸࢫࢺࡀᏛ⩦⪅࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸪ຠᯝⓗ 㛗㇂ᕝ (2013a). ᢚ࠺ࡘⓗࡍ࠺ࡢ⬟ືᛶ↔Ⅼࢆ ࡞ࢸࢫࢺ㐠⏝᪉ἲࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᙜ࡚ࡓධࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝ㸸Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㧗ࡍ࠺ഴྥ ᙜ᪥ࡣ㸪ྛ◊✲ࡢෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡍࡿࡶ㸪ࡑࢀ ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓணഛⓗ᳨ウ ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ◊✲, 23, ࡒࢀࡢ◊✲ᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⤂ࡋ 48-60㸬 ࡓ࠸ࠋ 㛗㇂ᕝ (2013b). ᢚ࠺ࡘⓗࡍ࠺ࡢᣢ⥆ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ 㠃᥋ㄢ㢟ࡢసᡂ ឤᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 20, 47-55㸬 ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ⸨ᒸ⚽ᶞ (1993). ᩍ⫱ホ౯࣭ ᐃ㛵ࡍࡿࡇࡢ 1 ᖺ㛫ࡢ 㛗㇂ᕝ࣭ྜ┿ᾏᏊ࣭᰿ᘓ㔠⏨ (2010). ᢚ࠺ࡘⓗ ࡍ࠺ഴྥࡢ㧗࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡀಖᣢࡍࡿᢚ࠺ࡘⓗࡍ࠺㛵 ◊✲ືྥ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫᖺሗ, 32, 88-100. 㕥ᮌ㞞அ (2011). ࣮ࣝࣈࣜࢵࢡࡢᥦ♧ࡼࡿホ౯ᇶ‽࣭ ࡍࡿಙᛕࡢෆᐜ ᪩✄⏣Ꮫ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 9, 49-59㸬 ホ౯┠ⓗࡢᩍ♧ࡀᏛ⩦⪅ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪̿ࢸࢫࢺほ࣭ື ᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭Ꮫ⩦᪉␎╔┠ࡋ࡚̿ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 59, 㛗㇂ᕝ࣭᰿ᘓ㔠⏨ (2011). ᢚ࠺ࡘⓗࡍ࠺㛵㐃ࡍ ࡿಙᛕࡢෆᐜ ឤᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 18, 151-162㸬 131-143. Hasegawa, A., Yoshida, T., Hattori, Y., Nishimura, H., 㕥ᮌ㞞அ࣭すᮧከஂ☻࣭Ꮮ (༳ๅ୰). ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛ⩦ື ᶵ࡙ࡅࡢኚࢸࢫࢺほࡢ㛵ಀ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 63. Morimoto, H., & Tanno, Y. (2015). Depressive rumination and social problem solving in Japanese university students. Journal of Suzuki, M., & Sun, Y. (in press). Effects of students' Cognitive perceptions of test value and motivation for learning Psychotherapy, 29, 134-152. on learning strategies use in mathematics. In E. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression Manalo, Y. Uesaka, and C. Chinn (Eds.) Promoting and their effects on the duration of depressive spontaneous use of learning and reasoning episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, strategies: Theory, research, and practice. Routledge. 569-582. Suzuki, M., Toyota, T., & Sun, Y. (in press). How learners use feedback information: Effects of social 2.2. ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢯࢵࢻ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ comparative information and achievement goals. ̿ᩍ⫱ホ౯◊✲ࢆᣲࡆ࡚̿ Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. 㕥ᮌ㞞அ㸦ዪᏊᏛ㸧 ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ᐤࡍࡿ▱ぢࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ᐇ 㕥ᮌ㞞அ࣭㇏⏣ဴஓ࣭ᒣ୍ཱྀ࣭Ꮮ (༳ๅ୰). ㄆ▱デ ㊶༶ࡋࡓ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ᇶ♏◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩍ ᩿ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡿᏛ⩦デ᩿ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࡢ᳨ウ̿ᩍ◊ᘧᶆ‽ ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡿࠋࡋ Ꮫຊ᳨ᰝ NRTࠕ୰Ꮫ㸯ᖺᩘᏛࠖࡢ㐺⏝̿ ᪥ᮏࢸࢫ ࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ከᵝ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ࢺᏛㄅ, 11. ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ㸪ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ࡣồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪 ࠕ ᐃ࣭ホ౯ࠖ࠸࠺◊✲ศ㔝࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮ ᐃࡸ⤫ィゎᯒ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸ࡓᩍ⫱ホ౯◊✲ࡣከࡃ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., ⸨ᒸ, 1993㸧 ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛➹⪅ࡣ㸪 Ꮫຊࡢ ᐃ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸦㕥ᮌ࣭ ㇏⏣࣭ᒣཱྀ࣭Ꮮ, ༳ๅ୰㸧 㸪ホ౯᪉ἲࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࢸࢫࢺ ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚㸪ࢺࣛࢵ࣮࢝ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐇ㦂◊✲ 㸦Suzuki, Toyota, & Sun, in press㸧ࡸㄪᰝ◊✲㸦㕥ᮌ࣭ ش13 ش 㞧ㄯ㸸ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ ̿Ꮫ ᖺࢆࡾ㏉ࡾࠊᚋࢆᒎᮃࡍࡿ̿ ⏬㸸⤒ᖖⓗ◊✲ὶጤဨ ྖ㐍⾜ᙺ㸸ᐑඞ⨾ 1࣭ᮏ⏣࿘ 2 㸦1 ឡ▱Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ࣭2 ᓥ᰿Ꮫ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࠊ20 ᖺྐࠊࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢᒎᮃ ⏬㊃᪨ ᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࡣ➨ 24 ᅇࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡉᅄ༙ୡ⣖ࡀ⤒࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Ꮫࡢグᛕㄅ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ20 ᖺྐࠖࡶ⦅⧩ࡉࢀࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ◊✲ࡢṌࡳࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᖺࠊᏛᙺဨࡢ㑅ᣲ࡛ᙺဨ௦ࡢᮇࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࠋࡇࡢᮇࠊ ࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࠖࢆᒎ ᮃࡋࡓ࠸⪃࠼ࡓࠋࣇࣟࡢ᪉ࠎࢆ࠼ࠊ ࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࠖ㢟ࡋ࡚ࣇ࣮ࣜࢺ࣮ࢡࡢ㞧ㄯ ࢆ⏬ࡋࡓࠋᬑẁࡣᏛࡢ㐠Ⴀ≀⏦ࡍᶵࡀࢇ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㠀ࡇࡢ㞧ㄯࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࡳ࡞ࡉࢇᚷ៸ ࡞ࡃⓎゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢ㐍⾜ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡊࡗࡃࡤࡽࢇࠊ༙ศ┿㠃┠ࠊάⓎ࡞㞧ㄯ࡞ࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ 㸯㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢṌࡳ ڦᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿⓎゝ⪅㸦ᡭ▷㸧 㸦㸯㸧Ṕ௦ࡢ⌮㛗ࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚㸦࠼ࡤࠊᾋ㇂⚽୍Ặ㸧 㸦㸰㸧グᛕㄅ⦅⧩ጤဨࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚㸦࠼ࡤࠊࢧࢺ࢘ࢱࢶࣖẶ㸧 㸦㸱㸧ᶵ㛵ㄅ⦅㞟ጤဨࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚㸦࠼ࡤࠊΏ㑔ⰾஅẶ㸧 㸦㸲㸧ྛ✀ጤဨࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚㸦࠼ࡤ㸧 ձ⤒ᖖⓗ◊✲ὶጤဨ㸦ᐑඞ⨾Ặ㸧 ղᗈሗጤဨ㸦ᐙᓥ᫂ᙪẶ㸧 ճᅜ㝿ὶጤဨ㸦ᑠሷ┿ྖẶ㸧 մᏛάᛶጤဨ㸦ᯇ⏣ⱥᏊẶ㸧 㸦㸳㸧Ꮫົᒁ㸦ຍ⸨ྖẶ㸧 㸰㸬ᚋࡢᒎᮃ ڦᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿⓎゝ⪅ 㸦㸯㸧᪂࣭⌮㛗 㸦㸰㸧᪂㸦ḟᮇ㸧ᶵ㛵ㄅ⦅㞟ጤဨ㛗 㸦㸱㸧᪂㸦ḟᮇ㸧ྛ✀ጤဨጤဨ㛗 ձ⤒ᖖⓗ◊✲ὶጤဨ ղᗈሗጤဨ ճᅜ㝿ὶጤဨ մᏛάᛶጤဨ 㸦㸲㸧᪂㸦ḟᮇ㸧ົᒁ㛗 㸱㸬㞧ㄯ ࣡࣡࢞ࣖ࢞ࣖࠊᏛဨ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡓ࡛ࡶⓎゝࡋ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࠋ㛫ࡢチࡍ㝈ࡾࠊពぢࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ≉ẁࡢࡲࡵࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ 20 ᖺྐ⦅⧩ጤဨ⦅(2015). ᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ 20 ᖺྐ㸦௬㢟㸧 㸬 ⚟ᮧฟ∧㸬 㸦Ninomiya Katsumi, Honda Shuji, Ukiya Schuuichi, Sato Tatsuya, Watanabe Yoshiyuki, Ieshima Akihiko, Oshio Atsushi, Matsuda Eiko, Kato Tukasa, et.al.㸧 ش14 ش