Agency work

The
世界の人材派遣業
AGENCY
エコノミックレポート2013版
（翻訳全文）
WORK INDUSTRY
around the
WORLD
Economic Report
2013 Edition
(based on figures available in 2011)
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 1
Ciett
Tour & Taxis building
Avenue du Port 86c - Box 302
B 1000 - Brussels
[email protected]
www.ciett.org
TABLE OF CONTENTS
はじめに
Introduction
4
The key facts and figures
数字で見る人材派遣業
7
The agency work industry in 2012: latest trends
2012の人材派遣業：最近の傾向
9
The
players
人材派遣会社
17
Agency
work in numbers
人材派遣業界の数字
23
The profile of agency workers
派遣社員像
33
Agency work creates jobs and aids labour market transitions
49
人材派遣は職を創造し、労働市場の推移を支援する
About Ciett
56
Ciettについて
Ciett National Federation Members
Ciett各国会員
57
About
“The
to Work”
The
Way
ToWay
Work
について
58
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 3
INTRODUCTION
はじめに
In 2011, the global agency work industry continued in its recovery from the economic downturn that
2011年、グローバル展開している人材派遣産業は、2007年米国に端を発し急速に世界各地に拡
started in the USA in 2007, and quickly spread to the rest of the world. The return to growth was witがった経済の低迷からの回復を続けた。成長への回帰は活動報告をしたほとんどの国で見られた
nessed in most countries which report activity of private employment services, however growth was
が、成長はある国では他の国よりも力強かった。2012年の利用可能な情報によれば、欧州ではＧＤ
stronger in some countries than in others and available information from 2012 suggests a downward
Ｐの低迷と一致して業績は低迷傾向であった。
trend for the industry in Europe, in line with changes witnessed in GDP.
2011年には4,600万人が派遣労働者として働いたが、これはフルタイム換算で1,240万人(
46 million people worked as agency workers in 2011, equivalent to 12.4 million full time jobs1. In
※1)である。同様に年間売上高は2,590億ユーロ(※2)であった。このレポートは、2011年
parallel, global total annual sales revenues amounted to €259 billion2. This report provides inforの世界の派遣業界の包括的な情報とともに、2012年における最新の業界の動向について
mation on the latest industry trends witnessed in 2012 as well as a more comprehensive picture of
記述している。
the agency work industry in 2011 around the world.
Where most markets witnessed growth throughout 2011, the industry in Europe began to decline in the
ほとんどの市場では2011年を通じて成長したが、欧州では2012年第１四半期に減速し始め、日本
first quarter of 2012 and continued to decline in Japan. The industry in the United States, the single
では引き続き減速している。世界最大の派遣市場である米国においては、2011年、2012年を通し
largest market for agency work worldwide, continued to see positive growth throughout 2011 and 2012.
て積極的な成長をし続けた。人材派遣は、労働市場において、失業から就業へ、教育から仕事へ
Agency work plays - and still has the potential to play further - a valuable role in making labour market
、仕事から仕事へ、派遣から無期雇用へ、特別に選別されたターゲットグループを特別に支援する
transitions happen: from unemployment to work; from education to work; from job to job; from temというように、労働移動を促す価値ある役割を担い、また、より強く担う潜在力を有している。人材派
porary to permanent jobs; and for specially helping specially selected target groups; within and to the
遣は、新しい雇用を創出し、企業の競争力や労働者のエンプロイアビリティを高め、それによって人
labour market. Agency work creates jobs that would not otherwise exist, enhancing companies’ com々や企業のニーズ・要望に合う労働市場の確立を促している。
petitiveness and workers’ employability, thereby promoting a labour market that corresponds better to
people - and companies’ - needs and aspirations.
4 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
In global markets, continuing to deal with the crisis, agen危機に取り組み続けるグローバルなマーケットにおいて、派遣会社は、即
cies serve as career agents for workers, showing them
求人を見つけ、訓練し、彼らの望む労働移動を支援することによって働く
the way to work by immediately identifying job vacancies,
道を示し、派遣社員にとってキャリアエージェントとして機能する。適切な
providing training, and aiding their desired labour market
規制フレームワークがあれば派遣サービスは、好景気と雇用創造との間
transitions. With the right regulatory framework in place,
のタイムラグを最小化し、構造的及び摩擦的失業を減少させ、労働市場
private employment services benefit labour markets by
分割の悪影響を減少させることにより、労働市場に好影響を与える。加え
minimising the time lag between economic upturns and job
て、派遣サービスは労働市場を知的に改善し、政策にも貢献することが
creation, reducing structural and frictional unemployment
できる。
and decreasing the effect of labour market segmentation. In
addition private employment services improve labour market intelligence and can contribute to evidence based policy.
The way to work; a job for every person, a person for every job
The way to work; a job for every person, a person for
というのが国際人材派遣業界のビジョンである。
every job is the vision for the global private employment
これはより良い労働市場を作り、毎日何百万人という人々に雇用機
services industry. It reflects the industry’s unique posi会と希望を提供するという業界固有の役割を反映したものである。
tion in building better labour markets and providing work
opportunities and hope to millions of people every day.
（※1）　43か国のデータに基づく
1. based on data from 43 countries
2. based on data from 42 countries
（※2）　42か国のデータに基づく
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 5
AGENCY WORK PENETRATION RATE
1.6
EUROPE
1.8
USA
1.5
JAPAN
46 million individuals employed as
agency workers in 2011, equivalent to 12.4 million
full time workers
140,000
PRIVATE
EMPLOYMENT
AGENCIES
6 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
179,000
BRANCHES
€259 BILLION
TOTAL ANNUAL
SALES REVENUE
863,000
INTERNAL
STAFF
数字で見る人材派遣業（2011）
THE KEY FACTS AND FIGURES (2011)
人材派遣会社
The players
• The agency work penetration rate is 1.5% in Japan,
・派遣浸透率は、日本1.5％、欧州1.6％(※7)、米国1.8％。
1.6% in Europe7 and 1.8% in the USA
• On average agency workers work around half the
・派遣社員はフルタイム正社員の約半分の時間働いている(※8)。
number of hours as full-time permanent employees8
• Most agency work assignments are more than one
• The total annual sales revenues of the top 10 private ・大半の派遣契約は１か月以上。
month long
employment agencies worldwide accounted for 30%
・世界のトップ10企業が全派遣市場の30％を占める。
of the total agency work market
The profile of agency workers
• The global total annual sales revenues amounted to 派遣社員像
・全世界年間総売上高は2,590億ユーロ(※5)。
• 57% of agency workers in Europe are aged less
€259 billion5
・欧州では30歳以下の派遣社員は57％(※9)。
than 309
• The USA has the largest market share of the indus・米国が年間売上高の23％を占め、世界最大の市場。
•7
7% agency workers have at best finished their
try, with 23% of total annual sales. Japan represents ・派遣社員の77％(※10)が高等教育を修了。
第2位は日本で17％。第3位は英国で11％。
secondary education10
17% of the global agency work market, followed by
• Agency workers are employed in a wide range of
the UK at 11%
・派遣社員は様々な業種で働いているが、サービス業と
sectors represented most strongly in services and
• Europe is the leading regional entity by total annual
・欧州は、全世界の年間売上高の41％を占める
製造業が特に多い。
manufacturing
sales revenues, accounting for 41% of global total
主要エリア。
annual sales revenues
（※3）
39か国のデータに基づく
3.
based on
data from 39 countries
• There are 140,000 private employment agencies3
・人材派遣会社は140,000社(※3)、
and 179,000 branches4 worldwide, employing
世界各地に179,000事業所(※4)が展開。
863,000 internal staff
派遣会社従業員数863,000人。
派遣社員数
Agency workers in numbers
• 12.4 million agency workers in full-time equivalents
・世界のフルタイム換算の派遣社員数は1,240万人(※6)。
were employed by private employment agencies
across the globe6
4.
based on
data from 30 countries
（※4）
30か国のデータに基づく
5. based on data from 43 countries
（※5）
43か国のデータに基づく
6. based on data from 42 countries
（※6）
42か国のデータに基づく
7.
based on
data from 29 countries. If Russia is included in calculations, penetration
rate for 29か国のデータに基づく。ロシアを含めた場合、浸透率は1.2%。
Europe would be 1.2%
（※7）
8. based on data from 31 countries
（※8） 31か国のデータに基づく
9. based on data from 24 countries
（※9）
10.
based 24か国のデータに基づく
on data from 22 countries
（※10） 22か国のデータに基づく
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 7
8 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
THE AGENCY
WORK INDUSTRY
LATEST TRENDS
2012
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 9
THE AGENCY WORK INDUSTRY IN 2012:
LATEST TRENDS
米国：2012年の派遣業動向
US: trends for agency work
はポジティブ
in 2012 are positive
2011年、米国において派遣業は徐
The agency work industry in the US grew
々に成長し、2012年にも成長し続
gradually throughout 2011 and continued to
do so in 2012. The industry in the USA was
けた。米国においては2009年前半
at its lowest point for during the first six
が最悪で、それ以来回復してきて
months of 2009 and has been in recovery
いる。平均すると2012年第3四半期
since that time. US staffing companies
に米国の派遣会社は１営業日当た
employed an average of 2.95 million temporary and contract workers per business
り295万人の派遣社員を雇ったが、
day during the third quarter of 2012, which
これは対前年同期比プラス4
3％と
represents a 4.3% increase over the third
なる。
quarter of 2011.
Source: American Staffing
Association
2012 2012
出典：American
Staffing
Association
US staffing employment index since 2006
120,00
15,00%
10,00%
110,00
5,00%
100,00
0,00%
90,00
-5,00%
80,00
-10,00%
70,00
-15,00%
60,00
10 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
12
2
20
/2
8/
/1
12
20
01
11
18
6/
1
8/
/1
/2
ASA Staffing Index (Set at 100 on 6/12/2006)
12
20
01
10
18
6/
0
8/
/1
12
/2
01
09
18
6/
9
20
8/
/1
12
/2
00
08
18
6/
8
20
8/
/1
12
18
/2
00
07
Week-to-Week Change
6/
7
20
8/
/1
12
/2
00
06
6/
18
20
8/
/1
12
6/
18
/2
00
6
-20,00%
欧州：2012年派遣労働数
Europe: Agency work numbers
落ち込む
in Europe fell in 2012
Evolution of number of hours worked by agency workers (year on year)
60.0%
Eurociett, the European confederation of
EuroCiettは2008年以来欧州にお
private employment services, has been
ける派遣労働時間数を調査してい
tracking the number of hours worked by
る。2008年初めから年々減少し、
agency workers in the region since 2008.
2010年第２四半期まで続く。2010
Year on year figures show a decline in the
industry beginning in 2008 and continuing
年なかばから回復し、2012年初め
through to the second quarter of 2010.
から再び減少を始める。2012年中
The industry was in recovery from the
この減少傾向は続いた。2012年の
middle of 2010 until the early months of
2012 when the number of hours worked
減少速度は2009年ほどではない。
40.0%
20.0%
0.0%
-20.0%
BE
NL
PL
IT
DE
NO
CH
Jul-12
Sep-12
May-12
Jan-12
Mar-12
Nov-11
Jul-11
Sep-11
May-11
Jan-11
Mar-11
Nov-10
Jul-10
Sep-10
May-10
Jan-10
Mar-10
Nov-09
Jul-09
Sep-09
May-09
Jan-09
Mar-09
Nov-08
Jul-08
Sep-08
May-08
Jan-08
FR
Mar-08
-40.0%
in Europe began to decline again. This fall
in hours worked continued throughout
the year. As 2012 progressed, the decline
of the industry in the region gained pace,
however the decline was not as marked as
in 2009.
European Average
Note: The weighted European Average is the year on year change of agency workers in full-time equivalent employment on a daily
basis (except where noted otherwise). The weighted average determined by the surveyed countries share of the European agency work
market in 2010. The countries contributing to the weighted European Average account for 54% of the agency work market in Europe.
Source: Ciett National Federations
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 11
THE AGENCY WORK INDUSTRY IN 2012:
LATEST TRENDS
Japan: Agency work
日本：2012年減少傾向が続く
continued to decline in 2012.
2008年第4四半期には日本の派遣社
Agency work in Japan reached nearly 1.5
million full time equivalent workers in the
員数は１日当たり150万人に達した
4th quarter of 2008. With the economic
。経済危機及び派遣社員の利用に
crisis and more restrictive regulations on
対する規制強化により、2011年に
the use of dispatched (agency) workers,
は93万人に落ち込み、2012年第1～
numbers have fallen to 930 thousand for
the full year of 2011 and below that figure
3四半期にはさらに落ち込んだ。
in the first three quarters of 2012.
Japan: Number of agency workers ‘000 (FTE)
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
Q1/2002
Q2/2002
Q3 2002
Q4/2002
Q1/2003
Q2/2003
Q3 2003
Q4/2003
Q1/2004
Q2/2004
Q3 2004
Q4/2004
Q1/2005
Q2/2005
Q3 2005
Q4/2005
Q1/2006
Q2/2006
Q3 2006
Q4/2006
Q1/2007
Q2/2007
Q3 2007
Q4/2007
Q1/2008
Q2/2008
Q3 2008
Q4/2008
Q1/2009
Q2/2009
Q3 2009
Q4/2009
Q1/2010
Q2/2010
Q3 2010
Q4/2010
Q1/2011
Q2/2011
Q3 2011
Q4/2011
Q1/2012
Q2/2012
Q3 2012
0
Number of agency workers (FTE)
Source: Japan Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications
12 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
Europe: Agency work
欧州：人材派遣業は雇用状況
is a bellweather
の先導者
Evolution of number of hours worked by agency workers in Europe (year on year)
versus average EU 27 unemployment change (year on year)
of the employment situation.
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
Jul-12
Sep-12
May-12
Jan-12
Mar-12
Nov-11
Jul-11
Sep-11
May-11
Jan-11
Mar-11
Nov-10
Jul-10
Sep-10
May-10
Jan-10
Mar-10
Nov-09
Jul-09
Changes in hours worked (European Average)
Sep-09
May-09
Jan-09
-40%
Mar-09
-40%
Nov-08
-30%
Jul-08
-30%
Sep-08
-20%
May-08
-20%
Jan-08
-10%
Mar-08
-10%
Agency
work is a leading coincidental
人材派遣は、派遣社員数の変化が
economic
indicator, with changes in the
全体として労働市場の発展の前兆
number of agency workers employed
となるので、主要な一致経済指標
foreshadowing developments in labour
である。しばしば派遣社員の仕事
markets
at large. Agency worker jobs are
often
the first positions to be lost during
は不景気において最初に失われ、
economic
decline and conversely are some
逆に、好景気において最初に作ら
of the first jobs to be created in economic
れるものである。最新データ（201
upswings.
Latest available data (Septem2年9月）によれば、ＥＵの失業率
ber
2012) showed EU unemployment levels
rose
by +8.9% compared9％となってい
with the same peは対前年同月比+8
riod
in
2011.
At
the
same
time agency work
る。同時に派遣労働時間は－9
2％
posted -9.2% negative growth in hours
となっている。最近数か月は派遣
worked. Recent months have reported
労働時間は減少し、失業率は増加
lower
numbers of agency workers, while at
the
same time, year on year unemployment
している。
levels have risen.
Y-O-Y Change in unemployment (EU 27)
Source: Ciett national federations, Eurostat
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 13
THE AGENCY WORK INDUSTRY IN 2012:
LATEST TRENDS
140000
2500
130000
120000
2000
110000
1500
100000
1000
Total nonfarm employment
Temporary help employment
(temporary agency work)
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
90000
1990
11. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labour
StatisticsSttistics
※11　出典：U.S.Bureau
of Labour
3000
1992
「人材派遣のピークと底は一般的に
“Peaks and troughs in temporary help
は全雇用の推移をリードする。人材
services (temporary agency work) gen派遣は全雇用がピークとなる３か月
erally have led those of total nonfarm
­employment. Temporary help services
前の1990年3月にピークとなり、両
employment reached a local high in
方とも1991年5月に底となる
March 1990, three months before nonfarm
(※11)。」
­employment peaked; both series reached a
ＢＬＳの季節調整済みデータによれ
trough in May 1991.” 11 The BLS seasonally
adjusted data shows high agency work job
ば、全雇用が上昇傾向となり、その
growth first detected again in September
後も2012年中継続した2010年3月の
2009, six months before nonfarm employ上昇傾向の6か月前、2009年9月にま
ment began an upward trend in March
ず人材派遣が成長を示した。
2010 which continued through to 2012.
150000
1991
first
Employment, seasonally adjusted ‘000
1990
US: Agency work reacts
米国：人材派遣がまず労働市
to labour market demand
場の需要に反応
Recessions
Source: US Bureau of Labour Statistics
14 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
欧州：人材派遣の利用は全体と
Europe: The use of agency work
して経済動向を反映する
mirrors the behaviour of the
Evolution of number of hours worked by agency workers (year on year) versus
EU 27 GDP growth rate (year on year)
30%
6%
20%
4%
10%
2%
0%
0%
-10%
-2%
-20%
-4%
-30%
-6%
Q1-08 Q2-08 Q3-08 Q4-08 Q1-09 Q2-09 Q3-09 Q4-09 Q1-10 Q2-10 Q3-10 Q4-10 Q1-11 Q2-11 Q3-11 Q4-11 Q1-12 Q2-12 Q3-12
Change in hours worked (European average)
Growth rate of GDP volume
economy at large
GDP成長率の変化と人材派遣の利用レ
ベルとは直接の相関関係にあること
A direct correlation between variations in
はよく立証されている。派遣社員の
GDP and the level of use of agency work
需給は、成長する年には比例して増
is well documented. In years of growth,
the supply and demand of agency workers
加し、成長が芳しくないときは減少
increase proportionally, and diminish when
する。従って、人材派遣業に経済変
the economy falters. As a precise indica化の影響が最初に現れるように、人
tor of the economic situation, the evolution
材派遣業の発展は経済状況の正確な
of the agency work industry is therefore
monitored as such, as private employment
指標となる。2012年第３四半期には
agencies are among the first actors to feel
欧州は派遣労働時間が対前年同期比
the impact of economic changes. In Q3
－8
6％となった。同じ四半期にＥＵ
of 2012,
Europe measured a year on year
27か国のGDP成長率も対前年同期比－
decline in hours worked by agency workers
-8.6%. In the same period the year on
0 of4％と減少した。これらの数字は、
year EU 27 GDP growth was also declined
欧州においてＥＵ27か国のGDP成長率
by -0.4%. These figures show a continuing
と派遣労働時間の変化が継続して同
pattern between the year on year growth
じパターンを示すことを物語ってい
rate of EU 27 GDP and evolution of the
number of hours worked by agency workる。
ers in Europe.
Source: Ciett national federations, Eurostat
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 15
THE AGENCY WORK INDUSTRY IN 2012:
LATEST TRENDS
米国：人材派遣は経済の一致指数
25%
15%
5%
-5%
-15%
Temporary Help Employment
16 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
Gross Domestic Product
Nonfarm Employment
Recessions
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
-25%
1980
12. Source: American Staffing Association,
※12　出典：American
Staffing2012
Association 2012
35%
1979
is especially true when the economy pulls
out of a recession.12
Percentage Change From Previous Year (Annual)
1978
US: Agency work is a coincidental
economic indicator
米国のデータは、人材派遣業界の動
Data from the United States illustrates
向が経済の一致指数の代表であるこ
the agency work industry’s position as a
とを示している。人材派遣の変化は
leading coincidental economic indicator.
、労働市場全体の動向（グラフではn
Changes in temporary agency work occur
concurrently with the evolution of GDP and
on－farm　labourが示す）に先行し
ahead of movement in the labour market
てGDPの動向と一致している。人材派
at large (represented in the chart opposite
遣の仕事は特に経済の盛衰に敏感で
as non-farm labour). Agency work jobs are
especially sensitive to the ebbs and flows
ある。経済が拡張するときには人材
of the economy. As the economy contracts,
派遣の仕事は急速に増える。このこ
the number of staffing jobs dramatically
とは特に経済が景気後退から引き上
declines. As the economy expands, the
がるときに当てはまる。(※12)
number of staffing jobs quickly rises. This
The
PLAYERS
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 17
THE PLAYERS
世界中で140,000社の
140,000 private employment
agencies are operating around
派遣会社が営業している
the world
2011年、世界の派遣会社は140,000社
であった。(※13)アジア・太平洋地
In 2011 there was 140,000 private employment agencies globally13. The Asia/Pacific
域が61％を占め、欧州が24％、北米
region accounts for 61% of all private
が11％となっている。中国、日本及
employment agencies (PrEAs). Europe repび米国がトップ3で全体の67％を占め
resenting 24% of all PrEAs, and with North
ている。
America accounting for 11%. China, Japan
and the USA are the top three countries
ILOは、「派遣事業は現在の労働市場
in terms of number of PrEAs, accounting
を機能させる重要な役目を担ってい
collectively for 67% of all agencies worldる。過去30年の間、急速に成長し柔
wide. As recognised by the ILO: “Private
軟な労働市場への労働力とサービス
employment agencies play an important
提供というニーズの増大が、人材派
role in the functioning of contemporary
labour markets. For the past three decades,
遣業の目を見張る発展につながった
the increasing need to provide workers and
。(※14)」としている。
services to a rapidly growing and flexible
labour market has led to the spectacular
development of these agencies.”14
13. Based on data from 39 countries
（※13）　39か国のデータに基づく
14. Source: ILO – Private employment agencies , temporary
（※14）　出典：ＩＬＯ｢派遣会社・派遣社員・その労働
agency workers and their contribution to the labour market,
2009
市場への貢献2009｣
18 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
Number of private employment agencies
China
Japan
USA*
UK**
Germany
Poland
Australia
South Africa
Brazil
South Korea
France
Czech Republic
Denmark*
Austria**
Colombia
Norway
Mexico
Hungary*
Canada*
Sweden
Finland
Netherlands***
Netherlands
Slovenia**
Spain
Portugal
Chile
Peru
Belgium
Slovakia**
Romania**
Argentina
Italy
Estonia
Luxembourg**
Lithuania*
Macedonia**
Russia
Greece
56,000
20,000
13,910
11,500
6,472
3,537
3,500
2,685
1,878
1,813
1,500
1,350
1,347
1,200
788
700
700
667
650
500
500
481
431
355
309
265
194
170
142
129
129
82
70
70
41
30
27
20
9
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Source: Ciett national federations 2011 *Source: Ciett national federations 2010 **Ciett national federations 2009 ***ABU members only
represented. Based on figures from 39 countries
20
26
NORTH
AMERICA
51
EUROPE
世界各地に179,000事業所が展開
ASIA
PACIFIC
Number of PrEA branches
Japan
USA*
UK*
Australia
France
Netherlands
South Africa
Germany
Italy*
South Korea*
Austria
Canada*
Czech Republic
Belgium
Sweden
Hungary**
Norway
Spain
Brazil
Argentina
Slovenia*
Mexico
Peru*
Slovakia*
Romania*
Colombia
Chile*
Estonia
Luxembourg*
Greece
82,681
31,932
17,000
7,500
6,700
5,850
4,827
4,627
2,600
1,983
1,952
1,700
1,650
1,356
1,200
977
900
644
625
510
465
262
214
194
194
180
112
75
73
17
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Source: Ciett national federations 2011*Source: Ciett national federations 2010
**Source Ciett national federations 2009 Based on figures from 30 countries
2011年、派遣会社の事業所は世界全体
で179,000か所(※15)となった。アジ
ア・太平洋地域が51％、欧州が26％、
北米が20％を占めている。日米英が事
業所数でトップ3であり、世界の事業
Over 179,00 branches offer
所数の74％を占めている。「一派遣会
agency work around the world
社のもつ事業所数」割合は世界平均は
In 2011 the total number of PrEA branches was
一社3事業所であるが、国によって相
179,00015. The Asia/Pacific region accounting for
当違いがあり、イタリアのように一社
51%, Europe for 26%, and North America for 20%.
37
5事業所の国からドイツのようにも
Japan,
USA and the UK are the top three counっと小さな比率とぶれがある。この違
tries by number of branches, accounting together
for 74% of all branches worldwide.
いは、広域のネットワークをもった規
The global average is 3 physical branches per
模の大きな派遣会社が少ないイタリア
PrEA.The “branch to PrEA” ratio varies greatly
の派遣市場の高い密集度ということで
from country to country, from a staggering 37.5
説明できるが、一方、ドイツでは単に
branches per PrEA in Italy to fewer than one
per private employment agency in Germany.
地方に一事業所のみ所有する数多くの
This difference can be explained by the very high
派遣会社が存在することによるのであ
concentration of the Italian agency work market,
る。（ドイツでは、派遣会社によって
characterised by a small number of large companies with an extensive network. This is in contrast
は事業所を持たなかったり、逆に休眠
to highly fragmented markets, such as Germany,
または積極的でない派遣会社がいたり
characterised by a large number of PrEAs, often
して、この数字に影響を及ぼしている
operating from a single local branch (some Ger。）
man companies operate without any branches,
while there is also a number of dormant, non
active agencies influencing this number).
15. Based on data from 30 countries
（※15）　39か国のデータに基づく
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 19
THE PLAYERS
2011年の派遣会社従業員数は
863,000人
2011年、従業員数（マネージャー、事
863,000 people were employed
業所に勤務する人材コンサルタント及
as internal staff by agencies
びスタッフ）は863,000人となった
in 2011
(※16)。
欧州が32％、アジア・太平洋が23％、
863,000 people were employed as internal staff [managers, HR consultants and
北米が18％を占めた。内部従業員の多
back-office people working in branches]
い国トップ3は日本、ブラジル及び米
by private employment agencies in 201116.
国でこの３か国で世界全体の57％を占
Europe accounts for 32%, Asia/Pacific for
める。
23%, and North America for 18%. The top
three countries in terms of internal staff
世界平均では、一事業所当たりの内部
are Japan, Brazil, and the USA, account従業員は平均4人、一派遣会社当たり
ing together for 57% of all internal staff
では10人である。このことは、いくつ
worldwide.
かの世界全体に活動している大規模な
There is a global average of 4 people em多国籍企業の存在にも拘わらず、派遣
ployed as internal staff per branch, and 10
業界はほとんど中小規模の会社で構成
per private employment agency This illusされているということにより説明され
trates that the agency work industry is still
る。mostly composed of small and mediumsized companies, despite the presence
of several large multinationals operating
worldwide.
16. Based on data from 36 countries
（※16）　36か国のデータに基づく
20 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
18
NORTH
AMERICA
32
EUROPE
23
ASIA
PACIFIC
Number of internal staff
USA*
Japan
Brazil
UK
Germany
Netherlands
South Africa
France
Australia
China
Sweden
Ireland**
Italy
South Korea
Belgium
Poland
New Zealand
Czech Republic
Argentina
Romania**
Mexico
Chile
Hungary**
Peru
Finland
Norway
Russia
Slovakia**
Portugal*
Uruguay**
Bulgaria*
Austria*
Slovenia**
Luxembourg*
Greece
Estonia
0
191,592
155,000
149,279
95,865
60,000
34,000
31,500
20,000
16,200
15,041
15,000
12,950
11,000
9,000
6,400
4,100
4,012
3,800
3,680
3,518
3,159
3,142
2,723
2,560
2,500
2,105
1,500
1,007
750
600
470
400
368
307
200
200
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Source: Ciett national federations 2011 *Source: Ciett national federations 2010
**Source Ciett 2009 Based on figures from 36 countries
世界のトップ10企業が2011年の全
世界年間総売上高の30％を占める
The top 10 PrEAs worldwide
Top 10 staffing companies in sales revenues 2011 - billion of €
accounted for 30% of global
2011年、世界のトップ企業が経済危機
annual sales revenues in 2011
から回復し続けた。Adecco社が世界最
In 2011 the main global players contin大規模に留まった。Randstad社は2011
ued their recovery from the economic
年、SFN社の買収で第2位となり、Manp
crisis. Adecco maintains its position as
ower社が第3位となった。
the largest staffing company worldwide
25.0
20.1
20.0
16.2
15.8
while Randstad with its acquisition of SFN
in 2011 stood as the 2nd largest firm with
ManpowerGroup taking its place as the
third largest industry player.
15.0
10.0
5.9
5.0
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.2
2.4
2.4
0.0
Adecco
Randstad
Manpower
Allegis
Group
Kelly
Services
Hays PLC
Recruit
Staffing
USG
People
Robert
Half
Tempstaff
Source: Staffing Industry Analysts 2012 - www.staffingindustry.com
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 21
22 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
AGENCY WORK
inNUMBERS
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 23
AGENCY WORK IN NUMBERS
24
2011年、米国及び日本が年間総売
In 2011, the US and Japan are
global agency work market
上高でグローバルな派遣市場のマ
leaders by total annual sales
ーケットリーダー
NORTH
AMERICA
41
EUROPE
25
ASIA
PACIFIC
Percentage of total annual sales revenue in 2011
India <1%
Brazil 4%
Netherlands 4%
revenues
2011年、世界全体の派遣市場は2,590
In 2011, the global market for agency
億ユーロとなった。米国が年間売上高
work accounted for 259 billion Euros. The
US is the world leader with 23% of global
の23％を占め、世界のマーケットリー
annual sales. The Japan represents 17%
ダーである。日本は17％、英国は第3
of the global agency work market. The UK
位で11％であった。地域別で見ると、
remains the third largest market world欧州が全体の41％、アジア・太平洋が
wide with 11% of global total annual sales
revenues. From a regional perspective
25％、北米が24％であった。
Australia 5%
US 23%
Germany 7%
France 8%
Europe accounts for 41% of global total
annual sales revenues, Asia/Pacific for 25%
and North America for 24%.
Japan 17%
UK 11%
Rest of World 20%
24 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
24
NORTH
AMERICA
32
14
EUROPE
ASIA
PACIFIC
Daily average number of agency workers [FTE]
USA 2,800,000
India 1,300,000
UK 1,049,333
Brazil 1,022,900
South Africa 1,003,837
Japan 930,000
Germany 813,000
France 576,080
Colombia 514190
Australia 321,000
Italy 225,000
Netherlands 218,000
Poland 160,852
Mexico 130,727
South Korea 106,601
Canada* 99,000
Belgium 89,941
Spain 87,157
Peru* 85,000
Portugal 80,000
Austria 74,783
Switzerland 73,452
Russia 70,000
Argentina 69,064
Hungary* 68,000
Sweden 65,000
Romania* 50,000
Slovenia* 48,000
Ireland 46,000
Czech Republic 35,000
Finland 31,000
Norway 23,339
Denmark* 21,227
Slovakia* 18,500
Uruguay** 16,237
Macedonia* 12,215
Bulgaria* 8,000
New Zealand 7,570
Greece 5,150
Luxembourg* 4,300
Estonia 3500
Chile 2213
Lithuania 1,779
Latvia 353
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2011年の１日当たり派遣社員数は
12.4 million agency workers were
1,240万人(※17)
17
employed daily in 2011
2011年、全世界のフルタイム換算の派
In 2011, the total number of agency
遣社員数は1,240万人(※18)で、欧州が
workers worldwide amounted to 12.4
million in full-time equivalents19. Europe
32％、北米が24％、南米が14％であっ
accounts for 32%, North America for
た。
24%, and South America 14%.
米国はフルタイム換算の派遣スタッフ
The US employs nearly as many agency
を280万人雇用しており、これは2位の
workers in full-time equivalents [2.8 million], than the second and third biggest
インドと３位の英国の合算と同等であ
suppliers of agency workers combined.
る。インドは世界で２番目に大きく130
India has the second highest number of
万人であり、英国の100万人(※19)を凌
agency workers in full-time equivalents
いでいる。2011年、欧州全体では400万
[1.3 million], ahead of the UK [1 million]
. The total number of agency workers in
人となる。米国、インド及び英国を合
Europe amounted to 4 million in 2011.
わせると全世界の42％となる。
Together, the USA, India, and the UK
account for 42% of all agency workers
assigned worldwide.
17. based on data from 43 countries
（※17）　43か国のデータに基づく
18. U
K figures are representative of the 2010/2011 financial
（※18）　同上
year
（※19）　英国は2010/2011年度の数字
19. ibid
3,000,000
Source: Ciett National Federations *Source: Ciett estimate **Based on figures from 43 Countries
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 25
AGENCY WORK IN NUMBERS
On a yearly basis, 46 million
年間4,600万人が派遣会社を通して
people gain access to work
仕事を見つけている
through agency work
労働市場への入り口を提供すること
By offering an entry point to the labour
により、人材派遣は、労働市場への
market, agency work encourages in参入及び多様化を促進させる。
creased participation and diversity in the
2011年、合計4,600万人が派遣社員
labour market. In total 46 million people
worked as agency workers in 2011. The
として働いた。米国が最大であり、
USA employs the largest number of agency
1,290万人が派遣会社を通して仕事
workers with 12.9 million people gaining
を見つけ、次いでブラジルが1,230
employment through agency work each
万人、日本が260万人となっている
year, followed by Brazil [12.3 million] and
Japan [2.6 million]. Europe employs 10.4
。欧州では毎年1,040万人が派遣社
million people in agency work each year.
員として働いている。
Total number of individuals employed as agency workers
USA
Brazil
Japan
Colombia***
France
South Africa
Germany
Mexico
UK
Netherlands
Poland
South Korea
Argentina
Spain
Italy*
Australia
Canada*
Belgium
Peru***
Portugal***
Austria
Russia
Hungary
Switzerland
Romania
Slovenia
Ireland***
Czech Republic
Sweden
Norway
Finland
New Zealand
Denmark***
Slovakia***
Uruguay***
Macedonia
Bulgaria***
Luxembourg***
Greece
Chile
Lithuania
Estonia
Latvia
12900000
12274800
2614882
2262436
2000000
1853238
1660000
1437996
1049333
767145
499024
462443
460425
454152
448000
428000
425000
378730
374000
352000
324414
303665
299200
288309
220000
211200
202400
160000
138800
102046
100000
98500
93399
81400
71442
48000
35200
18920
11055
9598
7717
5500
1553
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000 12,000,000 14,000,000
Source: Ciett national federations 2011, *Ciett national federations 2010, *** Ciett Estimate. Based on figures from 42 countries
26 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
人材派遣は地域ごとに異なる発展
をした
Agency work development since 1996
2.5%
2.0%
2.2%
2.1%
2.2%
2.2%
2.1%
2.1%
1.9%
1.9%
1.9%
1.5%
1.5%
1.4%
1.4%
1.2%
2.0%
1.9%
2.2%
1.8% 1.8%
1.8%
1.7%
1.6%
1.5%
1.5%
1.4%
1.4%
1.8%
1.9%
1.6%
1.6%
1.5%
1.5%
1.2%
1.1%
1.1%
1.0%
1.0%
0.9%
0.0%
2.1%
1.6%
1.0%
0.5%
1.9%
1.7%
1.8%
2.1%
0.8%
0.6%
0.5%
1996
US
0.5%
0.5%
1997
1998
Japan
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Europe
1996年から2011年の間、派遣業界は、
Agency work has developed
米国、日本及び欧州では異なる率で発
in differently across regions
展した。日本の初期の成長は日本の労
Between 1996 and 2011, the agency work
働市場の漸進的な規制緩和のおかげと
industry developed at a different rate
言え、その後の縮小は経済危機による
in the US, Japan and Europe. The early
ものであり、また、人材派遣に対する
growth in Japan can be attributed to a
gradual deregulation of the Japanese
規制強化も要因である。1996年には米
labour market, and the subsequent
国ではすでに業界が発展し、その後に
decline is due partly to the economic
見られる浮き沈みは米国が直面する経
crisis, and partly to stricter regulation on
済環境の変化を直接反映したものであ
agency work coming into place. In 1996
the industry was already well developed
る。欧州では、より多くの国で人材派
in the US and the fluctuations recorded
遣が確立し始めたので、この期間を通
relate more directly to changes in the
して業界が発展した。
economic environment facing the US.
いくつかの国、すなわちフランス及び
The industry in Europe evolved over this
time as agency work began be estab英国においては、浸透率は2000年頃に
lished in a greater number of countries
ピークとなった。
as time went on. In some, notably France
and the UK, penetration rates hit their
peak around 2000.
Source: Ciett national federations, Ciett estimates.
Note: European average calculated using data from available countries for each given year
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 27
AGENCY WORK IN NUMBERS
7.0%
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
2008
2009
2010
Europe
US
South Korea
South Africa
Peru
New Zealand
Mexico
Japan
Colombia
0.0%
Chile
largest total number of full time equivalent
agency workers in the world.
8.0%
Brazil
派遣社員数を報告した多くの国では2
Most countries which report on the number
009年に派遣浸透率が落ち込み、2010
of agency workers witnessed a fall in agen年及び2011年に回復している。
cy work penetration rate in 2009 followed
by a recovery in 2010 and 2011. Significant興味あることに、日本ではそうでは
ly this trend does not occur in Japan where
なく、派遣浸透率は2008年の2
2％か
percentage of agency workers in relation
ら2011年の1
5％へと落ち込んだ。20
to the total working population has fallen
between from a high of 2.2% in 2008 and a
12年の業界の包括的な分析には情報
low of 1.5% in 2011. Insufficient information
が十分ではないが、とりあえずの傾
was available to provide a comprehensive
向としては、欧州及び日本では少し
picture of the industry in 2012, however
落ち込み、世界最大のフルタイム換
preliminary trends show a small decline for
the industry Europe and Japan but an in算派遣社員数を擁する米国では上昇
crease in the United States, which has the
している。
Penetration rate of agency work 2008-2011
Australia
work vary across the world
Argentina
世界では派遣浸透率は幅がある
Penetration rates for agency
2011
Source: Ciett national federations, ILO KILM total working population (ILO estimate) European average estimates from 29 national federations
Penetration rate is the share of agency workers (FTE) as part of the total working population of a country
28 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
世界レベルでは人材派遣は労働
At the global level, agency work
represents 1% of the working
人口の1％
Evolution of agency work around the world
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Argentina
0,3%
0,3%
0,2%
0,3%
0,4%
0,4%
0,4%
0,4%
0,4%
0,3%
0,4%
0,4%
Australia
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,8%
2,7%
2,8%
Brazil
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,9%
1,0%
0,9%
1,0%
Canada
2010
2011
1,0%
1,1%
0,6%
-
Chile
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,3%
0,5%
0,4%
0,4%
0,4%
Colombia
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3,3%
2,7%
-
India
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,3%
Japan
0,8%
1,0%
1,1%
1,2%
1,4%
1,7%
1,9%
2,1%
2,2%
1,8%
1,5%
1,5%
Mexico
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,1%
0,3%
0,3%
New Zealand
-
-
-
-
-
0,5%
0,5%
0,4%
0,6%
0,6%
0,3%
0,3%
Peru
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0,3%
0,6%
-
South Africa
-
-
-
-
-
2,3%
2,2%
2,1%
3,4%
6,4%
7,1%
7,2%
South Korea
-
-
-
-
0,2%
0,3%
0,3%
0,3%
0,3%
0,4%
0,4%*
0,5%
USA
2,3%
1,9%
1,8%
2,0%
2,1%
2,2%
2,2%
2,1%
1,9%
1,5%
1,8%
1,9%
Europe
1,5%
1,4%
1,4%
1,5%
1,6%
1,6%
1,8%
1,9%
1,7%
1,4%
1,6%
1,6%
population
世界の派遣業界の平均浸透率は1％
(※20)である。派遣業界の規模に
The
agency work industry around the
関する数字はいくつかの国でしか
world
has an average penetration rate of
20
1%
. Figures relating to the size of the
長期にはない。このようなデータ
agency
work industry have been available
は、人材派遣の法的認知の欠如、
for an extended period of time in only a
ある程度の業界規模、政府の統計
small
number of countries. The ability to
の有無、国別協会の調査能力等の
collect
such data is related to a number
of
factors ranging from the lack of legal
多くの要因により収集ができるか
recognition of agency work, relative size
どうかが決まる。
of the industry, availability of national
government statistics, and the capacity of
national federations to conducts surveys
on the industry.
20. Compared
to the working population of the 38 countries for
（※20）
データが利用可能な38か国の労働人口との比較
which information was available.
Source: Ciett national federations 2011
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 29
AGENCY WORK IN NUMBERS
3.6%
3.0%
2.6%
2.5%
2.5%
2.2%
2.0% 2.0%
2.0%
1.8%
Average Penetration
in Europe: 1.6%
1.7%
1.5%
1.4%
1.2%
1.0% 1.0%
1.0%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%
Russia
Greece
Lithuania
Spain
Estonia
Czech Republic
Norway
Macedonia
Italy
Poland
Finland
Sweden
Austria
Switzerland
Belgium
0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Germany
0.0%
France
is allowed to be carried out can also have a
significant effect on the penetration rate of
the industry.
3.5%
Ireland
欧州の平均派遣浸透率は1
6％。規
The average penetration rate for agency
制の適正さや経済の発展段階によっ
work in Europe is 1.6%. The appropriateness of regulation and degree of economic
て派遣業界の成長ペースの違いを説
development explain the differences in
明できる。業界が最も発展している
pace of growth of the agency work industry.
国においては長く派遣社員を利用し
The countries in which the industry is most
てきている。人材派遣が認められる
developed are also those which have a long
history of using agency workers. The reg規制環境は、業界の浸透率に重要な
ulatory environment in which agency work
影響を及ぼす。
4.0%
Netherlands
population
Agency work penetration in Europe 2011
UK
欧州：人材派遣は全労働人口の
Europe: Agency work represents
1.6%1.6％
of the total working
Note: estimate for Russia not used in calculating European Average. If included, penetration rate in 2011 would be 1.2%
30 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
欧州：人材派遣浸透率の推移
Europe: Evolution of agency work
Evolution of agency work penetration in Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
UK
2000
0,8%
1,7%
0,3%
2001
0,9%
1,7%
0,4%
2002
0,8%
1,6%
0,4%
2003
1,0%w
1,6%
0,4%
2004
1,2%
1,8%
0,5%
2005
1,2%
1,8%
0,6%
2006
1,5%
2,1%
0,7%
2007
1,6%
2,2%
0,7%
2008
1,6%
2,1%
0,1%
0,7%
0,7%
0,4%
2,5%
0,9%
1,5%
0,3%
0,5%
2,5%
0,9%
1,4%
0,3%
0,4%
2,3%
0,9%
0,8%
1,4%
0,4%
0,5%
2,2%
0,9%
1,0%
1,4%
0,6%
0,6%
2,3%
1,1%
1,3%
1,3%
0,7%
0,7%
2,3%
1,2%
1,4%
1,3%
0,7%
0,7%
2,4%
1,5%
1,4%
1,5%
0,8%
1,1%
2,5%
1,9%
0,2%
1,4%
1,7%
1,0%
1,3%
2,3%
1,9%
0,0%
1,4%
1,7%
0,9%
2,2%
2,3%
0,5%
0,9%
-
2,1%
2,2%
0,5%
0,9%
-
2,1%
2,1%
0,5%
0,9%
-
2,1%
1,9%
0,4%
0,1%
0,9%
-
2,1%
1,9%
0,5%
0,2%
0,9%
-
2,0%
2,2%
0,6%
0,2%
0,9%
-
2,5%
0,4%
2,5%
1,0%
0,2%
0,9%
-
2,4%
0,3%
2,8%
1,0%
0,4%
0,9%
-
1,9%
0,3%
2,9%
1,0%
0,5%
1,6%**
0,3%
0,7%
1,0%
1,0%
3,7%
0,7%
0,9%
1,0%
3,7%
0,6%
0,8%
0,9%
3,7%
0,6%
0,7%
0,9%
3,9%
0,7%
0,7%
1,0%
4,1%
0,7%
0,7%
1,2%
4,2%
0,7%
0,8%
1,5%
4,3%
0,8%
1,3%
1,7%
4,7%
0,6%
0,3%
0,6%
1,3%
1,7%
4,1%
2009
1,4%
1,6%
0,2%
0,7%
0,7%
0,5%*
0,8%
1,7%
1,6%
0,1%
1,2%
0,9%
0,7%
0,2%*
0,2%*
1,9%
0,8%
2,4%
0,8%
0,5%
1,6%**
0,3%
0,1%”
0,6%
0,3%
0,4%
1,0%
1,4%
3,7%
2010
1,6%
1,9%
0,3%*
0,7%
0,8%
0,5%
0,9%
2,0%
2,0%
0,1%
1,8%*
1,9%
0,9%
0,3%*
0,2%*
1,9%
0,8%*
2,5%
0,9%
0,7%
1,7%*
0,5%
0,1%”
0,8%*
0,5%*
0,5%
1,3%
1,6%
3,0%
2011
1,8%
2,0%
0,7%
0,6%
1,2%
2,2%
2,0%
0,1%
2,5%
1,0%
0,1%*
0,8%
0,9%
1,0%
1,6%
0,1%
0,5%
1,4%
1,7%
3,6%
Source: Ciett national federations *Source: Ciett estimate **Source: Eurostat (Nace Code 78.2)
penetration
欧州においては、規制の適正さや経済
の発展段階によって派遣業界の成長ペ
In Europe, the appropriateness of regulaースの違いを説明できる。最近、ドイ
tion and degree of economic developツやポーランドのような国が潜在性を
ment explain the differences in pace
表わしているが、理由はそれぞれ異な
of growth of the agency work industry.
Recently, countries such as Germany and
る。工業国家ドイツは非常に厳しい規
Poland have revealed their potential, but
制措置からゆっくり緩和してきている
each for very different reasons: Germany
し、新進の地域リーダーであるポーラ
as a heavily-industrialised economy,
slowly freeing itself of very strict regulaンドは西欧の国々に急速にキャッチア
tory measures, and Poland as a budding
ップしてきている。1996年から2007ま
regional leader, rapidly catching up its
での着実な成長は2008年に突然停止し
Western European counterparts. The
たが、2010年と2011年には多くの国で
steady growth from 1996 to 2007 halted
abruptly in 2008 and but in 2010 and 2011
回復した。2011年、人材派遣浸透率は
can be witnessed in most
1a recovery
6％(※21)となっている。
countries. In 2011 the penetration rate
for agency work stood at 1.6%21
21. based on data from 29 countries
（※21） 29か国のデータに基づく
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 31
32 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
The
PROFILE
of AGENCY
WORKERS
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 33
THE PROFILE OF AGENCY WORKERS
Gender balance of agency
派遣社員の性差は多くの要因に
workers dependent on a number
よる
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Male
Russia
Luxembourg
Finland
Japan
Latvia
New Zealand
China
Estonia
UK
Australia
USA
Peru
Poland
Colombia
Chile
Greece
South Africa
Brazil
Norway
Sweden
Romania
Czech Republic
Italy
Netherlands
Lithuania
Spain
Slovenia
Mexico
Slovakia
Belgium
France
Macedonia
Germany
Switzerland
Austria
0%
Argentina
of factors
国によっては人材派遣における性
From country to country, differences in
差の違いは人材派遣が許される分
gender balance in agency work are deter野と同様に社会経済基盤や各国の
mined by the particular socio-economic
経済の歴史によって認識される。
fabric and economic history of each country, as well as by the sectors allowed to
より多くのサービス主体のマーケ
use agency work. More services-oriented
ットは、より多くの女性を雇用す
markets tend to employ more women, such
る傾向にある。特にスウェーデン
as Sweden [60% of women and 57% in the
では女性が60％、サービス分野が5
services sector], whereas markets with a
strong industrial history usually employ
7％である。一方工業の歴史の強い
more men, such as Germany [72% of men
国では男性が主体であり、ドイツ
and 48% in the manufacturing sector].
では男性が72％、製造分野が48％
である。
Agency worker gender balance
Female
Source: Ciett national federations
34 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
58
68
JAPAN
OVER 30
90
US
OVER 30
75
SOUTH
AFRICA
UNDER 30
BRAZIL
UNDER 30
Agency workers are typically
大概の国の派遣社員は30歳以下
young, but Japan and the USA
だが、日本及び米国では30歳以
have greater number of older
上の割合が高い
Age of agency workers
100%
workers
90%
日本では30歳以上の派遣社員が58
Agency workers tend to be older in
Japan, where 58% of agency workers
％、米国では同じく68％と欧州以
are over 30 and in the US, where 68% of
外では派遣社員は高齢化の傾向が
agency workers are aged over 30. This
ある。このことは、これらの国に
can be explained by the fact that in some
おいては人材派遣は無期雇用とは
of these countries agency work is culturally accepted as a viable alternative to
異なる実行可能な選択肢として文
permanent employment, while in others
化的に受け入れられているという
agency work is a kind of work most often
事実から説明できる。他の国では
carried out by young people – such as in
人材派遣は多くの場合若者が担っ
South Africa, where over 90% of agency
workers are under 30.
ており、例えば南アフリカでは派
遣社員の90％が30歳以下である。
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
< 21
21 - 25
26 - 30
31 - 45
Brazil
South Africa
Mexico
Argentina
Colombia
New Zealand
USA
India
Japan
China
0%
> 45
Source: Ciett national federations
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 35
THE PROFILE OF AGENCY WORKERS
57
43
UNDER 30
OVER 30
欧州：派遣社員は30歳以下の傾向
Europe: Agency workers tend
to be young
全労働人口に比較して、多くの欧州
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
< 21
21 - 25
31 - 45
Poland
Estonia
Finland
Italy
Russia
Netherlands
Sweden
Belgium
Latvia
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Germany
Romania
Greece
26 - 30
Switzerland
France
Hungary
Spain
Denmark
UK
Macedonia
0%
Luxembourg
a stepping-stone to permanent employment. Notable exceptions to this trend are
Denmark [70% over 30], and Macedonia
[69% over 30].
100%
Norway
の派遣社員は30歳以下である。平均
Over-represented in the agency work
的には派遣社員の10％が21歳以下で
sector, when compared to the total active
working population, most European agency
、22％が21～25歳、25％が25歳～30
workers are aged below 30. On average,
歳である。つまり、57％の派遣社員
10% of agency workers are under 21 years
は30歳以下である。人材派遣はしば
old with 22% are between 21 and 25 years
しば労働市場への新規参入者に価値
old. A further 25% are between 25 and 30
years old. This means that on average, 57%
ある最初の経験を提供し、無期雇用
of agency workers are under 30 years old.
への踏み石を提供するというように
Agency work often serves as a first profes最初の職業経験を提供する。顕著な
sional experience for first-time entrants
例外は30歳以上が70％のデンマーク
into the labour market, providing them with
a valuable initial experience or serving as
と、69％のマケドニアである。
Age of agency workers in Europe
> 45
Source: Ciett national federations
36 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
+4.5%
+3.5%
ITALY
FRANCE
50歳以上の派遣社員のシェアは
増加
The share of agency workers
Percentage of agency workers over 50 years old
10.0%
9.3%
9.0%
8.6%
8.0%
8.0%
7.5%
7.0%
6.4%
6.0%
5.8%
6.7%
7.0%
6.9%
6.2%
6.1%
5.6%
5.0%
4.3%
4.0%
3.0%
8.7%
4.7%
3.8%
3.3%
2.5%
2.6%
2.8%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
2002
Italy
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
aged 50+ is increasing
フランス及びイタリアにおいては、
Agency workers over 50 make up an in50歳以上の派遣社員のシェアが増加
creasing share of the industry in France
している。2002年と2011年の間に50
and Italy. Between 2002 and 2011, the
歳以上の派遣社員の割合は、イタリ
proportion of agency workers aged over
アにおいては2
5％から7％へ、フラ
50 has steadily increased
from 2.5% to7%
in Italy and from 5.8%8％から9
to 9.3% in France.
ンスにおいては5
3％へと
“Agency work offers groups such as
着実に増加してきている。
migrant workers, women returning
「人材派遣は、労働市場に、移民労
from childcare breaks, disabled and
働者、育児から復帰した女性、身体
unemployed people across to the labour
market. In principle, agency work can
障害者、失業者のような人々を提供
help workers develop their skills and exする。原則として人材派遣は労働者
perience, thereby offering pathways into
のスキルや経験を向上させるが、そ
more secure employment.”22
れ故、より安定した雇用への道筋を
22. Source: Eurofound - Temporary Agency Work and Collec提供する。(※22)」
tive Bargaining in the EU | 2009
2011
France
Source: Ebitemp, Prisme
（※22） Eurofound – Temporary Agency Work and
Collective Bargaining in the EU 2009
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 37
THE PROFILE OF AGENCY WORKERS
オランダにおいては特定グループ
の派遣社員が増加している
Agency workers from target
人材派遣は「アウトサイダー」に
groups are on the rise in the
強力な労働市場へのアクセスを提
Netherlands
供し、労働市場への参入を増やし
Agency work gives “outsiders” a viable
、多様性を増している。2008年、
access to the labour market, thereby
オランダにおいては、少数民族、
increasing labour market participation and
高齢者、労働不適格者及び長期失
diversity. Ethnic minorities, older people,
業者が派遣社員の31％を占めた。2
labour incapacitated and the long term
unemployed accounted for 31% of agency
006年には27％だったものが増加し
workers in the Netherlands in 2008. This is
た。人材派遣は労働市場の柔軟性
up from 27% in 2006. Agency work increasを増し、派遣社員に基本的権利と
es labour market flexibility, whilst provid労働条件を提供する。派遣会社が
ing basic rights and working conditions
to agency workers. Because the agency
派遣社員の雇用主であるため、派
remains the worker’s employer, his rights
遣社員の権利はひとつの契約から
are capitalised from one assignment to the
次の契約へと引き継がれる。この
next. Agency work thus integrates “outsidようにして人材派遣は労働市場に
ers” in the labour market, who then benefit
from the same working conditions as those
おける「アウトサイダー」を統合
provided to other agency workers.
し、他の派遣社員に提供されるの
と同じ労働条件を提供する。
The percentage of special target groups among temporary employees
in the Netherlands
35%
31%
30%
27%
25%
20%
18%
14%
15%
13%
12%
10%
5%
2%
3%
1%
2%
0%
Ethnic minorities
2006
Older workers (45+)
Labour incapacitated
Long-term
unemployed
Total (corrected for
overlap)
2008
Source: ABU
38 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
フランス：障がいのある派遣社員
France: Disable agency workers
は様々なポジションを得ている
Employment of disabled agency workers in France
16% White collar
43% Skilled blue collar
take on a range of positions
フランスにおいては障がいのある派
In France, 43% of disabled agency
遣社員の43％が熟練ブルーカラーに
workers are classified as skilled blue
、7％が中間管理職についている。16
collar workers, while 7% occupy middle
％がホワイトカラーに、34％が未熟
management positions. 16% are white
collar employees and 34% are unskilled
練ブルーカラーとなっている。派遣
blue collar workers. Through private
会社を通じて障がいのある派遣社員
employment agencies, disabled agency
は会社のあらゆるレベルの地位につ
workers are integrated at every level of
いている。
companies.
34% Unskilled blue collar
7% Middle management
Source: Prisme 2011
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 39
THE PROFILE OF AGENCY WORKERS
日本：多くの人々が人材派遣を
Japan: Many see agency work as
望ましい雇用形態である
a desirable form of employment
と考えている
In Japan 41% of agency workers view
日本においては、派遣社員の41％が
agency work as their desired form of work,
人材派遣を望ましい雇用形態である
while half (50.9%) would prefer to have full
と考えているが、半分（50
9％）は
time work. This reflects both agency works
フルタイムの正社員を望んでいる。
position as a desirable form of flexible work
and a stepping stone into permanent work.
このことは、望ましい柔軟な労働形
The trends for fixed term work are similar
態であることと、無期雇用への踏み
to those for agency work, while a smaller
石であることとの両方の人材派遣の
percentage of part time workers want to
性格を反映している。有期労働者は
become a full time worker.
派遣社員と同じような傾向であるが
、パートタイム労働者はあまりフル
タイムの正社員になることを望んで
いない。
Contract (fixedterm) employee
Agency (Dispatched)
Worker
46.8%
49.2%
41.0%
50.9%
3.5% 0.5%
6.9%
18.8%
78.1%
Part-Time
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1.2%
1.7% 1.4%
100%
Desire to continue the current employment pattern
Desire to adopt an employment pattern other than full-time work
Desire to become a full-time worker
Unknown
Source: Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, “Global Survey on Diversified
Types of Employment (2010)
40 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
派遣社員の学歴は国により様々
Educational attainment of agency
workers varies across the globe
平均的には派遣社員の27％が高等教
Educational attainment level of agency workers
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
France
Czech Rebuplic
Brazil
UK
Argentina
Italy
South Africa
USA
Belgium
Peru
Spain
Switzerland
Russia
Netherlands
Completed higher education
South Korea
Mexico
Estonia
Greece
Australia
Sweden
Colombia
China
Norway
0%
育を修了している。スウェーデン及
On average, 27% of agency workers have
びオーストラリアにおいては半数以
completed higher education. In Sweden
上の派遣社員が高等教育を修了して
and Australia, more than half of agency
workers have completed higher educaいる。多くの国においては過半数の
tion. In most countries, the majority of
派遣社員は初等から中等教育レベル
agency workers have a low to medium
である。平均的には世界の派遣社員
initial education level. On average, 50% of
の50％が中等教育を修了し、23％が
agency workers worldwide have finished
secondary school, and 23% have not. The
修了していない。チェコが60％と過
Czech Republic [60%] is the only country
半数の派遣社員が中等教育を修了し
to report the majority of agency workers
ていない唯一の国である。人材派遣
having not completed their secondary
education. Agency work can play an imはこれらの未熟練労働者を労働市場
portant role in helping these low-skilled
に参入させ、価値ある経験を得させ
workers enter the labour market and
る重要な役割を果たすことができる
gain valuable experience.
。
Completed secondary education
Not completed secondary education
Source: Ciett national federations
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 41
THE PROFILE OF AGENCY WORKERS
ほとんどの派遣社員はサービス業
もしくは製造部門で働いている
This relates to differing methodology in data
collection compared to other countries.
42 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
Agency worker employment by sector
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Construction
Services
Public Administration
Other
Poland
Estonia
Finland
Italy
Russia
Netherlands
Sweden
Belgium
Latvia
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Germany
Romania
Greece
Switzerland
France
Hungary
Spain
Denmark
UK
Macedonia
0%
Luxembourg
10%
Norway
進行中の欧州の経済の変化を反映し
て、人材派遣の業界分布については
Most agency workers are
、工業分野（平均31％）での活用か
employed in services
らサービス分野（平均37％）でのよ
or manufacturing jobs
り多くの活用へというのが最近の傾
向となっている。製造業は伝統的工
Reflecting the ongoing mutations of the Eu業国では人材派遣の重要な派遣先と
ropean economies, the sectoral distribution
して留まっており、ポーランドでは7
of agency work in Europe has seen a recent
0％、チェコでは65％を占めている。
trend away from usage in the industrial sector [31% average], towards a growing use in
メキシコの29％やノルウェーの15％
the services sector [37% average]. Manufac、ペルーの15％は公的機関における
turing remains an important user of agency
有用な活用をしており、また、ペル
work in traditionally industrial economies,
such as Poland [70%] and Czech Republic
ーの43％、フランスの23％は建設分
[65%]. Mexico [29%], Norway [15%] and Peru
野で活用されている。チリでは4分の
[15%], make important use of agency work
3以上がサービス業で、アルゼンチン
in public administration, as do Peru [43%]
では45％が製造業で活用されている
and France [23%] in the construction sector. More than three in four Chilean agency
。重要なことに、いくつかの国にお
workers work in the services sector, and
いては、多くの人材派遣が「その他
45% of Argentinian agency workers work in
」と分類されている。これは、他の
the manufacturing sector. It is important to
国と比べてデータの収集方法が異な
not that in some countries a large proportion of agency work is classified as “other”.
るからである。
Source: Ciett national federations
Agency workers tend to work
派遣社員はフルタイム正社員より
fewer hours than full time
少ない時間働いている
permanent workers
1,911
Colombia
Peru
Mexico
South Africa
Germany
Sweden
Brazil
Japan
Russia
Greece
Australia
Italy
Slovakia
Slovenia
Uruguay
Hungary
Chile
Netherlands
Poland
Estonia
Switzerland
Czech Republic
Romania
USA
France
Norway
Spain
Argentina
Belgium
Portugal
Luxembourg
2,091
2,250
1,413
1,477
1,888
1,671
1,625
1,627
1,689
1,560
1,728
1,981
1,400
2,032
1,300
1,693
1,200
1,774
1,135
1,786
1,021
1,664
1,014
1,722
930
1,980
840
2,047
690
1,379
688
686
1,937
1,924
520
1,643
513
1,774
500
437
1,778
424
1,476
415
1,426
400
1,663
337
1,820
335
1,577
289
1,711
222
1,601
124
0
派遣社員は年間でフルタイムで無期
Agency workers tend to work fewer hours
雇用の労働者より少ない労働時間を
during one year than a worker with a
full-time, open-ended contract – with the
働く傾向にある。但し、コロンビア
notable exceptions of Colombia, Peru,
、ペルー、ドイツ及びスウェーデン
Germany and Sweden. From country to
は例外的に異なる。国によってフル
country, the average number of hours
タイムで働く正規労働者と比較した
worked by an agency worker compared to
the average number of hours worked by
派遣社員の平均労働時間は大きく異
a permanent full-time employee varies
なる。つまり、8％のルクセンブルグ
greatly, from less than 8% in Luxemから141%のコロンビアまでの幅があ
bourg to 141% in Colombia.
る。
500
Average per full-time permanent employee
1,000
1,500
2,000
Average per agency worker
* By an individual during one year
Sources : Ciett National Federations, ILO Kilm 7th edition
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 43
THE PROFILE OF AGENCY WORKERS
Most agency work assignments
大半の派遣契約は1か月以上
Average length of temporary agency worker assignments
are more than 1 month long
ほとんどの国で派遣社員の契約期間
In most countries, the average length of
assignment of an agency worker exceeds
は平均1か月を超えており、しばしば
one month, and often even exceeds three,
3か月を超えている。一方、例外的に
the notable exceptions being France [82%]
フランス及びスペインにおいて半分
and Spain [63%], where more than half of
以上の契約が1か月以下である。スウ
the assignments are less than one month
long. Only 7% of assignments in Peru and
ェーデンでは4％だけが1か月以下で
4% in Sweden last for less than a month.
ある。
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Spain
France
Italy
New Zealand
Switzerland
Netherlands
USA
Belgium
Peru
Australia
Brazil
Mexico
Latvia
Czech Republic
Estonia
1-3 months
South Africa
Argentina
Japan
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Colombia
Norway
> 3 months
Germany
UK
Poland
South Korea
0%
< 1 month
Source: Ciett national federations
44 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
Agency workers tend to be
派遣社員はロー・ミドルクラスの
employed in low and medium
スキルの仕事につく傾向にある
Skill level required for temporary agency work jobs
skilled jobs
100%
90%
Most agency work jobs require low or
ほとんどの派遣社員の仕事はロー・
medium skill levels. Notably how­ever,
ミドルレベルのスキルである。しか
38% of agency work jobs in France
しながら、フランスの38％、ニュー
and 33% of agency work jobs in New
ジーランドの33％の仕事はハイレベ
Zealand require a high degree of skill.
Links can be seen between the level of
ルのスキルである。派遣社員の仕事
skill required for agency worker jobs,
に求められるスキルレベルと、派遣
the e
­ ducational attainment of agency
社員の学歴及び派遣社員がよく働く
workers and the sectors in which agency
産業には関連が見られる。
workers are most often placed.
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Low
Medium
Czech Republic
Argentina
Brazil
Spain
France
Estonia
Australia
Switzerland
Czech Republic
New Zealand
Norway
Sweden
Greece
Netherlands
South Africa
0%
High
Source: Ciett national federations
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 45
THE PROFILE OF AGENCY WORKERS
US: Filling temporary vacancies is
米国：一時的な欠員を埋めるのが
the most common use
人材派遣の最も一般的な使
for agency work
い方
人材派遣を利用する500社に対する米
In an American Staffing Association poll of
500 businesses that use staffing services, 9
国派遣協会の調査によれば、9割が「
out of 10 said it was important to them that
派遣会社は、繁忙期にスタッフを維持
“staffing companies offer flexibility to busiし、ビジネスの柔軟性を提供する」こ
nesses so that they can keep fully staffed
とが重要と語っている。回答者に、一
during busy times.” When survey participants were asked specifically why they
時的な契約従業員を獲得するのになぜ
use staffing firms to obtain temporary and
派遣会社を使うのかと尋ねると、次の
contract employees, they cited three main
３つの理由を答える。
reasons: To fill in for absent employees
①休暇中の従業員を埋めるもしくは　or to fill a vacancy temporarily, to provide
extra support during busy times or seasons
一時的な欠員を埋めるため
and to staff special short-term projects.1
②繁忙期の追加的支援を提供するため
③特別の短期プロジェクトに雇うため
Source: American Staffing Association
Percentage of businesses with 25+ employees that cite as a main reason
80%
Fill in for absent employees or
temporary vacancies
Provide extra support during
busy times or seasons
72%
Staff special short-term
projects
68%
Help find good permanent
employees
59%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
出典：American Staffing Association 2012
Source: American Staffing Association Client Survey
46 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
派遣社員はあらゆる規模の会社で
Agency workers are placed
働く
Size of companies using temporary agency work
in companies of all sizes
派遣社員はあらゆる規模の会社で働
Agency workers are placed in companies
く。南アフリカでは派遣先企業の61
of all sizes. In Brazil these organisations
％は従業員50人未満であるが、ブラ
tend to be small, with 61% of user companies having fewer than 50 staff, while in
ジルでは同じ比率の派遣先企業が従
the Czech Republic the same percentage
業員500人以上。2009年－2010年をカ
of user companies employ more than 500
バーしたIWConsult社のドイツでの調
employees. An IW Consult study23 carried
査(※23)によれば、派遣先企業は人
out in Germany and covering the 2009-2010
period demonstrated that those organisa材派遣を利用しなかった企業より5％
tions using agency work recorded revenue
高い売上高の成長を記録した。同調
growth a full 5% higher than those who did
査は、急速に伸びる需要に反応する
not The study highlighted that the ability to
能力が、高い売上高成長及び良い財
react to increasing demand quickly results
in higher revenue growth and a better
政パフォーマンスをもたらすと指摘
financial performance for user companies.
している。
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
1-9 employees
10-49 employees
50-99 employees
100-499 employees
Czech Republic
Argentina
Brazil
Spain
France
Estonia
Australia
Switzerland
Czech Republic
New Zealand
Norway
Sweden
Greece
Netherlands
South Africa
0%
More than 500 employees
Source: Ciett national federations
23. S
ource: IW Consult GmbH study “Zeitarbeit in
Deutschland” 2011
（※22） 出典：IW Consult GmbH study “Zeitarbeit in
Deutschland” 2011
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 47
48 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
Agency work
CREATES
JOBS
and aids
LABOUR MARKET
TRANSITIONS
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 49
AGENCY WORK CREATES JOBS
AND AIDS LABOUR MARKET TRANSITIONS
人材派遣がなければ3分の2の
企業が仕事を創出しなかった
人材派遣は仕事創出のエンジンであり
Two thirds of organisations
、労働力を仕事にまわすことにより雇
would not have created jobs
用促進に貢献している。派遣業界が存
without access to agency work
在しなければなかった仕事を創出して
いる。これは特に恵まれない人々や社
Private employment services are an engine
of job creation and help to boost employ会的弱者に有効であり、そのような人
ment by turning available work into jobs.
々が労働市場に参入し、働き始めるき
The sector creates jobs that otherwise
っかけを提供する。Ciett及びBoston
would not exist and is particularly effective
Consulting
Groupの”Adapting
to
in placing disadvantaged
and under-represented groups in society, thereby providing a
Change”レポート(※24)によれば、74
way for them to start to access job markets
％の派遣先企業は派遣社員の代替とし
and join the world of work. Ciett and the
て無期労働者を雇わないと考え、62％
Boston Consulting Group found in their reが、もし人材派遣へのアクセスがなけ
port “Adapting to Change”24 that 74% of user
organisations would not consider hiring perれば、（残業のような）内部労働力の
manent workers as an alternative to taking
柔軟な活用で解決を図ることを選ぶか
on agency workers. In addition, 62% of the
、その仕事をやらない、つまり「仕事
companies would choose internal flexibility
を創出しない」ことを選ぶ。
solutions (such as overtime) or not to do the
work if they had no access to agency work,
resulting in a “no job creation”.
Alternatives to temporary agency work
Conclusions
% of responses (total = 101)
100%
80%
54%
60%
No job
creation
(62%)
No
substitution
(74%)
100%
• In 62% of the cases
there would be no job
creation as companies
chose internal flexibility
or not to do the work
8%
40%
• 74% of companies do
not consider hiring
permanent workers an
alternative to AW
12%
20%
26%
0%
Total
Internal flexibility Not do the work Other external Hire permanent
solution
flexibility solution
workers
24. Source: Ciett & the Boston Consulting Group, 2011, Adapt-
ing to Change
（※24） 出典：CIETT
& Boston Consulting Group, 2011
Adapting to Change
50 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
Source: Ciett & Boston Consulting Group, Adapting to Change, 2011
Agency work provides a stepping
人材派遣は失業から雇用への
stone from unemployment
踏み石効果を提供する
Unemployed before & after agency work
% of agency workers that are officially registered as unemployed before and 12 months after temping
70%
60%
60%
56%
50%
40%
42%
38%
34%
30%
26%
27%
25%
33%
26%
19%
20%
17%
15%
15%
14%
10%
12%
8%
8%
6%
5%
Before
Sweden
Greece
South Africa
Netherlands
Switzerland
Czech Republic
Brazil
Germany
Norway
France
0%
into work
人材派遣は、人々を失業状態から雇
Agency work is successful in bringing
用へと移行させることに成功してい
people from unemployment situations into
る。特に、南アフリカ、ドイツ、ギ
work. It has proven particularly effective in
リシア、スウェーデンのような様々
doing so in countries as diverse as South
な国で有効であることが証明されて
Africa, Germany, Greece and Sweden. In
South Africa 60% of people entering agency
いる。南アフリカにおいては、派遣
work were previously unemployed, while
社員の60％が以前失業者であり、1年
after one year of agency work only 8%
間の人材派遣の後、たった8％しか失
returned to unemployment. The agency
業していない。ギリシアの人材派遣
work market in Greece is relatively small,
however it has proven very successful in
市場は比較的小さいが、34％が以前
bringing people into employment, with only
失業者だったのに比し、1年間の人材
6% of agency workers returning to unem派遣の後、たった6％しか失業してい
ployment following a year as an agency
ないというように人々を雇用に移行
worker, compared with 34% of people who
were unemployed before accepting their
させることに非常に良く成功してい
first assignment.
ることが証明されている。
After
Source: Ciett national federations
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 51
AGENCY WORK CREATES JOBS
AND AIDS LABOUR MARKET TRANSITIONS
90%
81%
80%
80%
77%
73%
71%
69%
70%
67%
60%
51%
50%
65%
61%
59%
56%
49%
44%
43%
40%
36%
33%
30%
20%
20%
21%
18%
8%
10%
After
Sweden
South Africa
Norway
France
Portugal
Norway
Germany
Czech Republic
Before
Luxembourg
0%
Belgium
after 1 year experience
人材派遣は人々を失業から雇用へ
移行させるだけではなく、人々を
Not only does agency work help move
people from unemployment to work, it also
長く継続する雇用状況に移行させ
transitions people into long lasting employる。1年間の人材派遣の後、ほとん
ment situations. After one year of agency
どの人々は、派遣社員か無期もし
work assignments most people stay in the
くは有期契約で労働市場に留まっ
labour market either as agency workers
or in permanent or fixed term contracts.
ている。いくらかの派遣社員は訓
Some agency workers return to training
練もしくは教育課程に戻り、わず
or education and a small share return to
かなシェアの者が失業や無活動状
unemployment or inactivity. In Portugal, only
態に戻る。ポルトガルでは、派遣
9% of agency workers were employed before taking their first assignment while 71%
社員以前はたった18％しか雇用さ
remained in the labour market following 12
れていなかったが、1年後71％が労
months of assignments. Similarly positive
働市場に留まっている。同じよう
results can be found in 10 other countries
which report this data.
なポジティブな結果が調査した他
の10か国でも見られる。
Employed before & after agency work
% of agency workers that are employed (either with a temp, fixed-term or open-ended contracts) before and 12 months after temping
Switzerland
A high percentage of agency
派遣社員の多くが１年後も
workers remain in employment
雇用されている
Source: Ciett national federations
52 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
フランス：派遣社員の55％が以前
失業者もしくは無活動状態だった
A closer look at agency worker transitions in France
100%
Permanent
Contract
90%
Fixed term
Contract
80%
70%
Student
60%
Apprenticeship
contract
50%
Agency worker
40%
30%
Unemployed
indmnified
20%
Unemployed nonindemnified
10%
0%
Inactive
Situtaton before agency
work
March 2011
September 2011
March 2012
Other
Source: Prisme, 2012
フランスにおける派遣社員の移行状況
を詳細に見てみると、人材派遣の移行
France: 55% of agency workers
効果がよく分かる。派遣社員となる前
were unemployed or inactive
、多くの人々が失業していた（合計42
before their first assignment
％）し、その次が学生（30％）であっ
た。これは人材派遣が若者に職を見つ
By taking a closer look at transitions in
ける役割を持っていることを反映して
France a clearer image of agency work’s
いる。派遣社員となって6か月後に、1
transitionary role can be found. Prior to
6％が既に無期もしくは有期契約労働
becoming agency workers, the largest
share of people taking up assignments
者に移行し、1年後にはこの比率は22
were unemployed (42% in total) followed by
％に跳ね上がる。Eurociett及びUni
students (30%) reflecting the role private
Europa(※25)の2012年の委託調査(※2
employment services play in finding work for
6)によれば、派遣社員の何割かは無期
young people. Six months after beginning as
an agency worker 16% had already moved
・直接雇用を望んでいないため、この
on to permanent or fixed term contracts
ことは移行に関する研究において指摘
and after a year that figure jumps to 22%.
されるべきである。
A 2012 study25 commissioned by Eurociett
and Uni Europa26 noted that some agency
workers are not looking for direct/permanent
contracts, and this should be stressed in
research on transitions.
（※25）Eurociett及びUniEuropaはEUの人材派遣業におけ
25. W
ilke, Maack and Partner: The role of temporary agency
る産業分野別ソーシャルパートナーである
work
and labour market transitions in Europe, 2012
（※26）
Wilke,and
Maack
and Partner:
26. E
urociett
Uni Europa
are EU sectoral social partners
for the
agency work agency
sector work and labour
Thetemporary
role of temporary
market transitions in Europe, 2012
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 53
AGENCY WORK CREATES JOBS
AND AIDS LABOUR MARKET TRANSITIONS
India: Agency work provides
インド：人材派遣は労働者に
workers the opportunity to find
無期雇用の機会を提供する
permanent jobs
一般的慣行ではインドの人材派遣は
Though by general practice, an agency work
assignment in India is temporary, a recent
一時的であるが、最近のインド派遣
Indian Staffing Federation report found that
協会のレポートによれば、ほとんど
most agency workers were in continuous
の派遣社員は1年以上継続的に雇用
employment for more than a year. This inされている。このことは市場におけ
dicates the ample demand in the market for
short duration employment contracts and the
る短期雇用契約に対する大きな需要
ability of staffing agencies to successfully tap
とこの市場を成功裏に開発する派遣
this market. This can in turn lead to perma会社の能力を示すものである。逆に
nent employment opportunities, with 19% of
このことは、インドの派遣社員の19
agency workers in India knowing peers who
have obtained permanent employment in the
％が、派遣先企業で無期雇用契約に
user company they were placed in.
なった同僚を知っているというよう
に、無期雇用の機会を導いている。
Yes
Do you know of any of
your peers in agency
work being absorbed
into permanent
employment?
81%
19%
0%
Do you feel the
organisation you are
currently assigned
to will absorb you
into permanent
employment?
20%
40%
60%
No
80%
100%
Very likely
68%
24%
7%
Not sure
Unlikely
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Source: Indian Staffing Federation 2012
54 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
Bipartite funds play a key
派遣社員の専門能力開発及びキャ
role in aiding agency workers
リア形成支援に労使連立基金が重
professional and personal
要な役割を果たす
Bipartite funds for temporary agency work
Training
Austria
Pensions
FRANCE
development
AUSTRIA
ITALY
Social benefits
Belgium
BELGIUM
NETHERLANDS
Health
& Safety
LUXEMBOURG
France
BELGIUM
FRANCE
Compliance
FRANCE
NETHERLANDS
ITALY
Italy
FRANCE
ITALY
NETHERLANDS
NETHERLANDS
ITALY
Luxembourg
NETHERLANDS
SPAIN
LUXEMBOURG
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
Netherlands
NETHERLANDS
BELGIUM
FRANCE
Spain
SPAIN
EUの7か国が人材派遣産業の労使連
Seven EU countries have established
­sectoral agency work bipartite funds:
立基金を創設した。オーストリア、
Austria, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxemベルギー、フランス、イタリア、ル
bourg, Netherlands and Spain, where
クセンブルグ、オランダ、スペイン
agency workers can have better access to
vocational training to improve their employである。
ability or to obtain extra social benefits. In
それらの国では、派遣社員は、エン
addition to the bipartite initiatives, collective
プロイアビリティを向上させ、また
labour agreements applicable to temporary
は追加の福利厚生を獲得するための
agency workers have devised mechanisms
to foster their transitions.
職業訓練を利用することができる。
労使連立基金に加えて、派遣社員に
適用可能な集団的労働協約が派遣社
員の移行を促進するメカニズムとな
っている。
Source: Ciett national federations
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 55
ABOUT CIETT
As the international confederation of private employment services, Ciett is the authoritative voice repre　Ciettは、人材派遣業界を代表する国際組織として認められております。
senting the interests of the agency work industry across the world.
1967年に設立され、Ciettは49ヵ国の事業主団体や世界トップクラスの7つの人材サー
Founded in 1967, Ciett consists of 49 national federations of private employment agencies and nine of
ビス企業（アデコ、GIグループ、ケリーサービス、マンパワー、ランスタッド、リクル
the largest staffing companies worldwide: Adecco, Allegis Group, GI Group, Kelly Services, Kelly Group,
ート、USGピープル）で構成されております。
Manpower Group, Randstad, Recruit and USG People.
主な目的は、加盟メンバーが法的及び規制された環境の中で社会貢献できるようビジ
Its main objective is to help its members conduct their businesses in a legal and regulatory environネスを支援することです。
ment that is positive and supportive.
Ciettは、次の6つの地域に分かれて組織化されております。
Ciett is divided into six regional organisations: Africa/Near East, Northern Asia, Southern Asia, North
・アフリカ・中近東
America, South America [CLETT&A], and Europe [Eurociett].
・北東アジア
・南アジア
・北アメリカ
・南アメリカ(CLETT&A)
・ヨーロッパ(Eurociett)
56 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
CIETT NATIONAL FEDERATION MEMBERS
Africa / Near East
Morocco | FNETT
South Africa | APSO
Zambia | LEAAZ
Northern Asia
China | CAFST
Japan | JASSA
South Korea | KOSA
Southern Asia
Australia & New Zealand| RCSA
India | ISF
Nepal | Sewedha Sewa*
Singapore | SSA
North America
Canada | ACSESS
Mexico | AMECH
USA | ASA
Europe
Austria | VZA
Belgium | FEDERGON
Bulgaria | BG Staffing
Czech Republic | APPS
Denmark | Dansk Erhverv
Estonia | ESAA
Finland | HPL
France | PRISME
Germany | BAP
Greece | ENEPASE
Hungary | SZTMSZ
Ireland | NRF
Italy | ASSOLAVORO
Latvia | LASA
Lithuania | TEAA
Luxembourg | ULEDI
Macedonia | NFTWAM
Netherlands | ABU
Norway | NHO Service
Poland | Polskie Forum HR
Portugal | APESPE
Romania | ARAMT
Russia | ACHAZ
Slovakia | APAS
Slovenia | ZAZ
Spain | ASEMPLEO
Sweden | Bemanningsförtagen
Switzerland | Swiss Staffing
Turkey | OIBD
UK | REC
South America
Argentina | FAETT
Brazil | SINDEPRESTEM
Chile | AGEST
Colombia | ACOSET
Perú | AETT Perú
*Ciett Associate member
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 57
ABOUT “THE WAY TO WORK”
Theway
waytoto
work;
a for
jobevery
for every
a for
person
job for the global private emThe
work;
a job
person,person,
a person
everyfor
job every
is the vision
は国際人材派遣業界のビジョンである。このビジョンはより良い労働市場を創設し、毎日何百万人
ployment
services industry. It reflects the industry’s unique position in building better labour markets
and
providing work opportunities and hope to millions of people every day.
という人々に雇用機会と希望を提供するこの業界固有の役割を反映している。
The
values of the PrES industry are centred around people, because work is an essential part of life and
労働は人生及び自己の重要な部分であるので、派遣業界の価値は人々の中心にある。下記に掲げる
identity.
These values [listed below] demonstrate the industry’s commitment to advancing people and
これらの価値は、労働を通して人々及びビジネスを進化させる業界のコミットを示している。
businesses through work.
品　質：業界はＩＬＯのコアとなる条約及びdecentworkを促進し、人材派遣に適用される適正な規制
Quality:
The industry promotes ILO core conventions and decent work and calls for appropriate reg　を求める。業界は自主規制及び品質水準の向上を図り、濫用と不法な慣行をなくすために詐欺
ulation
to be adopted on private employment services. The industry works to raise self regulation and
quality
standards and is committed to fighting rogue and untrustworthy providers in order to get rid of
的及び信頼できない企業と戦うことをコミットする。
abuses and illegal practices.
包括性：業界は、すべての声に耳を傾けるため、政府、労働組合、ＮＧＯ、学会といったすべての適
Inclusiveness:
The industry is committed to engaging in constructive dialogue with all relevant stake　切なステークホルダーとの建設的な対話をすることをコミットする。我々はオープンな業界
holders – governments, trade unions, NGO, academics - to ensure every voice is heard. We are an open
であり、労働市場への参加及び多様性を増すことによって包括的な社会を発展させたいと願う。
industry, willing to develop an inclusive society by increasing labour market participation and diversity.
サービス：プロフェッショナルなサービス産業として、我々は企業または個人の顧客満足度を求める。
Serving:
As a professional services industry, we are driven by customer satisfaction, be it companies
我々は顧客の多様なニーズと期待をサポートし、変化に適応し、大志を実現することを支援
or
individuals. We are here to support our customers in their diverse needs and expectations, helping
する。
them
to adapt to change and to realise their ambitions.
自　由：我々はより多くの人々により多くの労働機会を提供し、労働市場における選択の自由を増して
Freedom: いく。我々は人々に、いつ、どこで、どのように働くかについて選択の自由を提供する。
We provide more work opportunities for more people, therefore increasing freedom of
choice in the labour market. We give people the freedom to choose when, where and how they work.
58 / Ciett / 2013 Economic Report
CIETT’S WAY TO WORK PLEDGES
The private employment services industry
人材派遣業界は、労働市場にポジティブな
has the collective power to bring about pos変化をもたらすために力を結集し、社会経
itive change to labour markets and act as a
済的発展のブリッジとして行動する。この
bridge to social and economic progress. As
ようにして、CIETTのメンバーは、今後5年
such, over the next five years, Ciett’s mem間でグローバルベースで次の目標を果たす
bers have pledged, on a global scale, to:
と約束する。
• Support 280 million people in their job life
・2億8,000万人の労働をサポートする
• Help 75 million young people enter the
・7,500万人の若者が労働市場に参加する
labour market
のを支援する
• Up-skill 65 million people, giving them
more work choices
・6,500万人のスキルを向上し、職業選択の
• Create 18 million more jobs
幅を広げる
• Serve 13 million companies with the right
・1,800万の仕事を創造する
talents to succeed
・1,300万社に成功のために適切な能力を
THE WAY TO WORK
A JOB FOR EVERY PERSON, A PERSON FOR EVERY JOB
PEOPLE - QUALITY, FREEDOM, INCLUSIVENESS, SERVING
Support
280
million
people in
their job
life
Help
75
million
young
people
enter the
labour
market
Up-skill
65
million
people,
giving
them
work
choice
Create 18
million
more
jobs
Serve 13
million
companies
with the
right
talents to
succeed
持つ人を提供する
CIETT, THE VOICE OF LABOUR CHOICE
2013 Economic Report / Ciett / 59
www.inextremis.be
Tour & Taxis building
Avenue du Port 86c - Box 302
B 1000 - Brussels
[email protected]
www.ciett.org
@ciett_waytowork