X線自由電子レーザー施設「SACLA」の省エネルギー冷却設備 Energy

㨄✢⥄↱㔚ሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᣉ⸳‫ޟ‬SACLA‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛ⋭ߩޠ‬಄ළ⸳஻
Energy-saving cooling facilities of X-rays free-electron laser facilities "SACLA"
㘧᳗㓉ผ#, A) ‫ޔ‬਄⷏㓷ᒾ A) ‫ޔ‬㑐ญ⧐ᒄ B)
Tobinaga Takashi #, A), Uenishi Masahiko A),Sekiguchi YoshihiroB)
A) SPring-8 service Co.,Ltd.
1-20-5 Kohto, Shingucho, Tatsunoshi, Hyogo 679-5165
B) RIKEN
2-1,Hirosawa,Wako-shi,Saitama,351-0198
Abstract
The X-ray free electron laser facility "SACLA" that RIKEN has opened to users from March 2012 is 700 meters
long.It is smaller than the facility in operation in the United States (approximately 2 kilometers) and the one under
construction in Germany (approximately 3.4 kilometers).Thanks to the small length of the facility, it was possible to
reduce the construction cost and construction period.The air conditioning and cooling water systems were designed and
constructed for high performance and energy efficiency, so it has contributed for a stable operation of SACLA.The
“displacement air conditioning” system that is used in SACLA is more energy efficient than the conventional mixed air
conditioning system.In this paper, we report on the current condition of the relationship between temperature and
stability of the air conditioning and water cooling systems.
1. ᭎ⷐߣ⢛᥊
SACLA ߩⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓▤ߪ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢ▤⵻ߡోޔ‬㓞
ធߔࠆ SPring-8 ߩⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓㈩▤߽ోߡ⵻▤ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ℂ↱ߪ‫ޔ‬
z ⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓ߩ᷷ᐲ߇Ᏹ᷷એ਄ߢ޽ࠅ‫⚿ޔ‬㔺ࠍ⿠
ߎߔᕟࠇ߇ߥ޿
z ṳ᳓ࠍ⊒⷗ߒ߿ߔ޿
z ᢿᾲ᧚ࠍᣉᎿߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ߥߊ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ
ߒ ߆ ߒ ‫ ޔ‬r 0.1 ͠ ߩ ♖ ᐲ ߢ ៝ ㅍ ߔ ࠆ ᔅ ⷐ ߇ ޽ ࠆ
SACLA ߩⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓ߪ‫ޔ‬㈩▤߇㐳޿߶ߤ๟࿐᷷ᐲ
ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡߒ߹߁ࠊߌߛ߇‫ޔ‬SACLA ߩⵝ⟎಄
ළ᳓ߪ㕖Ᏹߦ቟ቯߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬๟࿐᷷ᐲߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌ
ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬SACLA ߢណ↪ߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ဳߩᷙว
ⓨ⺞ࠃࠅ߽⋭ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߢ޽ࠆ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗࠬࡔࡦ
࠻ⓨ⺞ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ⓨ⺞ߣⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓ߩ᷷ᐲ቟
ቯᕈߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ⃻⁁ࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠡ࡯ᕈࠍ⸳⸘ࠦࡦ࠮ࡊ࠻ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⊛ଔ୯ࠍᜬߚߖ
ߚ߽ߩߣߒߡណ↪ߐࠇߚߩ߇࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗࠬࡔࡦ࠻
㧔⟎߈឵߃㧕ⓨ⺞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2.1
ⓨ⺞ᣇᑼߩ․ᓽ࡮ᕈ⢻
࿑ 1 ߪ‫ޔ‬SACLA ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗࠬࡔࡦ࠻
ⓨ⺞ߩ᭎ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ⓨ⺞↪ᄙሹ᧼ო็಴ญߦࠃࠅᄙ㊂ߩⓨ⺞ⓨ᳇ࠍ᳇
ᵹㅦᐲࠍዊߐߊߒߡ็߈಴ߔ੐ߦࠃࠅ‫็ޔ‬಴ⓨ᳇ߣ
ቶౝⓨ᳇ߣࠍ޽߹ࠅᷙวߔࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ޔ‬ቶౝⓨ᳇ࠍ
็߈಴ߒⓨ᳇ߦࠃߞߡ⟎߈឵߃ߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬
ⓨ⺞ⓨ᳇ߪᐥㄭறࠍㅡ߁ࠃ߁ߦቶౝߦᐢ߇ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬
ዬ૑ၞ࡮૞ᬺ㗔ၞߩߺࠍല₸ࠃߊⓨ⺞ߔࠆ੐߇ߢ߈‫ޔ‬
๭ๆၞߦ߅ߌࠆ᳇ᵹߩੂࠇ߽ዋߥ޿ὑ‫ޔ‬឵᳇ᕈ⢻߇
㜞޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ဳߩᷙวⓨ⺞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦᲧߴߡ⛎
᳇᷷ᐲࠍ㜞ߊ⸳ቯ಴᧪ࠆߚ߼‫ࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬ᕈߦ߽ఝࠇߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2. ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗࠬࡔࡦ࠻ⓨ⺞ߣߪ
SACLA ടㅦེ᫟ߩⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓▤ߪࠢ࡜ࠗࠬ࠻ࡠ
ࡦࠡࡖ࡜࡝࡯ߩო㕙਄ㇱߦ⵻▤㧔ᢿᾲ᧚ᣉᎿߥߒ㧕
ߢขࠅઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬಄ළ᳓᷷ᐲߣቶ᷷
ᐲߦᏅ߇޽ࠆߣᾲ੤឵ߦࠃࠅ಄ළ᳓᷷ᐲ߇ᄌൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
߹ߚ‫ޔ‬SACLA ߢߪ㈩▤ߩᝄേࠍ᛼ߐ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦ㈩
▤ౝᵹㅦࠍ 1.5m/s એਅߦߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᾲ੤឵ߩᤨ㑆
߇㐳ߊߥࠆߩߢ᷷ᐲᄌൻࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㈩▤
ߦᢿᾲ᧚ࠍᣉᎿߔࠇ߫⸃᳿ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㧝ߦㅀߴߚࡔ
࡝࠶࠻߇ߥߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬SACLA ߢߪ⚻ᷣᕈ‫࡞ࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬
____________________________________________
#
[email protected]
࿑ 1㧦࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗࠬࡔࡦ࠻ⓨ⺞ߩ᭎ⷐ
࿑ 2 ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ဳߩᷙวⓨ⺞ߩ᭎ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬හߜⓨ⺞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧔Ყࠛࡦ࠲࡞ࡇ࡯㧛
ᲧኈⓍ㧕߽ 3 ୚ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ࠃࠅԘψԙߩࠛࡀ࡞
ࠡ࡯Ꮕߪ 0.95kcal/m3 ߢ޽ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ԘψԚߪߘߩ 3 ୚
ߩ 2.85 kcal/m3 ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
2.2
ⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓▤ߩ㈩⟎
࿑ 4 ߪ‫ߩ࡯࡝࡜ࡖࠡࡦࡠ࠻ࠬࠗ࡜ࠢޔ‬ⓨ᳇ߩᵹࠇ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 2㧦ᓥ᧪ဳߩᷙวⓨ⺞ߩ᭎ⷐ
ᓥ᧪ဳߩᷙวⓨ⺞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄤ੗ߩ⛎᳇ญ߆
ࠄૐ᷷ߩⓨ⺞ⓨ᳇ࠍㅦ޿㘑ㅦߢ็಴ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬಄㘑߇
๟࿐ߩⓨ᳇ࠍᏎ߈ㄟߺ‫ޔ‬ᷙߑࠅว޿ߥ߇ࠄਅ㒠ߒߡ
᧪ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇዬ૑ၞ࡮૞ᬺઃㄭߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᯏེ╬߆ࠄߩᾲ
ኻᵹߦࠃࠅⓨ᳇ߩ਄᣹߇⿠ߎࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᷙวߐࠇߚⓨ
᳇߇ㇱደో૕ࠍḩߚߒ᷷ᐲࠍဋ৻ൻߔࠆ߽ߩߛ‫ޕ‬
ⓨ⺞ߩቯ⟵ߪ‫ޟޔ‬ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆⓨ㑆ߩⓨ᳇ߩ᷷ᐲ‫ޔ‬
Ḩᐲ‫ޔ‬ᷡᵺᐲ‫ޔ‬᳇ᵹಽᏓࠍߘߩⓨ㑆ౝߢⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ
୯ߦว߁ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬หᤨߦಣℂߔࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬
ਔᣇᑼߩ㆑޿ߪኻ⽎ߣߔࠆⓨ㑆߇‫ޔ‬ᐥ਄⚂ 2m ⒟ᐲ
ߩⓨ㑆߆ో૕߆ߢ᦭ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 3 ߪ‫࠻ࡦࡔࠬࠗ࡟ࡊࠬࠖ࠺ޔ‬ⓨ⺞(DV-P)ߣᷙว
ⓨ⺞㧔MIX㧕ߩⓨ᳇✢࿑ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᐕ 6 ᦬ߩ
ࠢ࡜ࠗࠬ࠻ࡠࡦࠡࡖ࡜࡝࡯ߩㆶ᳇ߩᐔဋ‫ޔ‬ԙߪ‫⛎ޔ‬
᳇ߩ೙ᓮ୯‫ޔ‬Ԛߪ‫ޔ‬หߓ᧦ઙߦߡᷙวⓨ⺞ߢⴕߞߚ
႐วߩ⛎᳇ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 4㧦ࠢ࡜ࠗࠬ࠻ࡠࡦࠡࡖ࡜࡝࡯ߩ᳇ᵹ
็಴ญԘࠃࠅ 25.0͠೨ᓟ‫ޔ‬㘑ㅦ 1.0m/s એਅߢ็಴
ߐࠇߚᄢ㊂ߩⓨ⺞ⓨ᳇ߪࠁߞߊࠅ᜛ᢔߒԙߩઃㄭߢ
ᯏེߩ⊒ᾲߦࠃࠅ᷷ᐲ߇਄߇ࠅⓨ᳇ߩᲧ㊀߇シߊߥ
ࠅ‫ޔ‬๟ࠅߩⓨ᳇ߣ⟎߈឵߃ߥ߇ࠄ਄᣹‫ޔ‬Ԛߩ಄ළ᳓
㈩▤ઃㄭߢߪ಄ළ᳓᷷ᐲߣ߶߷หߓ 26.6͠ߩ᷷ᐲᏪ
ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ԛߩㆶ᳇ญࠃࠅⓨ⺞ᯏ߳ᚯߞߡⴕߊ‫ޕ‬ԙߣ
ԛߩ㑆ߦԚߩⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓▤߇㈩⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬
ⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓ߩ᷷ᐲᄌേ߇ዋߥߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
3. ⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓▤ߩ᷷ᐲ
࿑ 5 ߪ‫⟎ⵝޔ‬಄ළ᳓▤ߩ⴫㕙᷷ᐲࠍࠨ࡯ࡕࠣ࡜
ࡈࠖߢ᠟ᓇߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ㅍࠅ▤
࿑ 3㧦࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗࠬࡔࡦ࠻ⓨ⺞(DV-P)ߣᷙวⓨ⺞
㧔MIX㧕ߩⓨ᳇✢࿑
ࠢ࡜ࠗࠬ࠻ࡠࡦࠡࡖ࡜࡝࡯ߩᄤ੗㜞ߐߪ⚂ 6m ߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᷙวⓨ⺞ᣇᑼߩⓨ⺞㗔ၞߪ‫ࠬࠗ࡟ࡊࠬࠖ࠺ޔ‬
ࡔࡦ࠻ⓨ⺞ᣇᑼߩᔅⷐⓨ⺞㗔ၞߢ޽ࠆ 2m ߩ 3 ୚ᔅ
ᚯࠅ▤
࿑ 5㧦ⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓▤ߩ⴫㕙᷷ᐲ
਄ㇱ߇ⵝ⟎߳ߩㅍࠅ㧔ଏ⛎㧕▤‫ޔ‬ਅㇱ߇ᚯࠅ▤ߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄ㇱߩㅍࠅ▤⴫㕙᷷ᐲߪ‫ޔ‬26.7͠ߣ಄ළ᳓᷷
ᐲߣ߶߷หߓߢ᦭ࠆ‫ޕ‬๟࿐᷷ᐲ߽ 27.0͠㧔✛⦡㧕ઃ
ㄭߢ᦭ࠅⓨ⺞ߣߩ᷷ᐲᏅ߇ዋߥ޿੐߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
ਅㇱߩᚯࠅ▤⴫㕙᷷ᐲ߇ 29.7͠㧔⿒⦡㧕ߦߥߞߡ޿
ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ㅍࠅ▤ߣߩ〒㔌ߪ 550mm ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㅍࠅ▤߳
ߩ⋥ធ⊛ᓇ㗀ߪߥ޿߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
4. ࠢ࡜ࠗࠬ࠻ࡠࡦࠡࡖ࡜࡝࡯ߩ᷷ᐲಽᏓ
࿑ 6 ߪ‫ߩ࡯࡝ࡖࠡࡦࡠ࠻ࠬࠗ࡜ࠢޔ‬਄ਅ᷷ᐲಽᏓ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㐳ߐ 400 㨙ߩࠢ࡜ࠗࠬ࠻ࡠࡦࠡࡖ࡜࡝࡯ߩ
ⓨ⺞ߪ‫઀ޔ‬ಾߩή޿ L-1㨪L-5 ߩ 5 ♽⛔ߦಽ߆ࠇߡ
߅ࠅ‫ߚߒ┙⁛ޔ‬ⓨ⺞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢㆇォߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
❑ゲߪ᷷ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᮮゲߪᐥ㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐߢ޽ࠆ‫⟎ⵝޕ‬
಄ළ᳓ߩㅍࠅ▤ߪ‫ޔ‬3,400mm ߩ㜞ߐߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ߅
ࠅ L-1㨪L-6㧔ⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓ߩ L-6 ߪ‫ޔ‬ⓨ⺞ߩ L-5 ♽⛔
ߦ޽ࠆ㧕ో♽⛔ߩ㈩▤๟࿐᷷ᐲ߇ 26.5͠㨪27.0͠ߩ
᷷ᐲᏪߦ޽ࠆ੐߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 6㧦ࠢ࡜ࠗࠬ࠻ࡠࡦࠡࡖ࡜࡝࡯਄ਅ᷷ᐲಽᏓ
5. ⵝ⟎ㅍࠅߩ಄ළ᳓᷷ᐲ
࿑ 7 ߪ‫ޔ‬L-3 ♽಄ළ᳓ଏ⛎᷷ᐲߣᐥ㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐ 4,000mm ߩ᷷ᐲᏪ߇಄ළ᳓ଏ⛎᷷ᐲߣ߶߷ห৻ߢ޽
ߦࠃࠆ᷷ᐲߩᤨ㑆ᄌൻߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ߦ␜ߔㅢࠅ‫ࠆ ࡜ࠢޔ‬੐߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
ࠗࠬ࠻ࡠࡦࠡࡖ࡜࡝࡯ߩ᷷ᐲߪᚑጀ⁁ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬
6. ⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓ߩ⽶⩄ᾲ㊂
ห৻㜞ߐߦ߅ߌࠆ᷷ᐲᄌേߪዊߐ޿‫ޕ‬
࿑ 8 ߪ‫⟎ⵝޔ‬಄ළ᳓ߩ⽶⩄ᾲ㊂ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 8㧦ടㅦེ᫟ⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓⽶⩄ᾲ㊂
࿑ 7㧦L-3 ♽಄ළ᳓ଏ⛎᷷ᐲߣᐥ㕙਄ਅ᷷ᐲ
ⵝ ⟎ ಄ ළ ᳓ ߩ ଏ ⛎ ᷷ ᐲ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬26.6㨪 26.7͠㧔㜞ߐ
3,400mm㧕‫ߘࠃ߅߅ޔ‬ᐥ㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐ 3,000mm㨪
L-1 㨪 L-6 ߩ ᐔ ဋ ᾲ ㊂ ߪ 352kW ‫ ޔ‬ᐔ ဋ ᵹ ㊂ ߪ
2,869L/min ߢ᦭ࠆ‫៝ޕ‬ㅍㅜਛߢᾲࠍๆ෼ߒ᷷ᐲ߇
0.1͠ߢ߽਄᣹ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㧝♽⛔ᤨ㑆ᒰߚࠅ 20kWh‫ޔ‬6
♽⛔วࠊߖࠆߣ 120kWh‫ ⚂ޔ‬5.7%ߩᾲ㊂߇Ⴧടߔࠆ
੐ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕߩㆇォᤨ㑆 7,016h ߢ⸘▚ߔࠆߣ
841MWh ߦ߽ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ߽⛮⛯ߒߡ⺞ᩏࠍ
ⴕ޿៝ㅍᤨߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻࠍ⿠ߎߐߥ޿ࠃ߁‫ޔ‬ⓨ⺞᷷ᐲ
ߣⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓᷷ᐲࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬
ടㅦེㆇォ਄ߩᔅⷐߦࠃࠅⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓᷷ᐲࠍᄌᦝߒ
ߚ႐ว‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬วࠊߖߡⓨ⺞᷷ᐲࠍㆡᱜߦᄌᦝߔࠆ
ߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ߩࠬࡠ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ᛥ೙ߦദ߼ߚ޿‫ޕ‬
7. ߅ࠊࠅߦ
੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠅⓨ⺞ߦࠃࠆⵝ⟎಄ළ᳓᷷ᐲߩᄌ
ൻߪ⷗ࠄࠇߕ቟ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ੐߇⏕⹺಴᧪ߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ߽
⛮⛯ߒߡ⺞ᩏࠍ⛯ߌ‫⫾ࠍ࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬Ⓧߒᣉ⸳ߩല₸⊛
ㆇォߦߟߥߍߚ޿‫ޕ‬