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研究論文 小田原悦子 他
⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥ ࠆ⣖තਛ⠪߇⚻㛎ߒߚᬺߩᄌൻ㨪ᜰะᕈ㨪 ዊ↰ේᖝሶ 1)㧘ㄞ ㇚ 2) 1) ⡛㓮ࠢࠬ࠻ࡈࠔᄢቇ㧘2) ᄢ㒋ஜක≮ᄢቇ ⷐᣦ㧦り㓚ኂߢ߅ߎߞߚࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩᬺࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚߦ㧘⣖තਛᅚᕈࠍࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߒ㧘ߘߩ⚻㛎 ࠍ⽎ቇ⊛ߦಽᨆߒߚ㧚⣖තਛᓟ㧘ᓐᅚߩᬺߪᄌൻߒ㧘operational intentionality 㧔ᠲ⊛ᔒะᕈ㧦⥄േ⊛ߦ ߎࠆേ㧕ߣ intentionality of action㧔ⴕേߩᜰะᕈ㧦⋡ᮡߦ߆ߞߡᤨ㑆⊛⚻ㆊߩਛߢ߅ߎࠆᵴേ㧕ߪṛߞߚ㧚ᓢޘ ߦᬺߦᓥߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᣂ↢ᵴ᭴▽߳ߩน⢻ᕈߦ᳇ߠ߈㧘ⴕേߩᜰะᕈ߇࿁ᓳߒ㧘ߐࠄߥࠆᓥߢᣂ↢ᵴ ߩ᭴▽߇ߔߔߦߟࠇߡ㧘ᜰะᕈߪߐࠄߦ࿁ᓳߔࠆߣ߁ᄌൻ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘୶ℂ⊛⽿છ㧔ઁ ⠪ߩሽߦࠃߞߡⴕേ߇ᓇ㗀ߐࠇࠆߎߣ㧕߇㧘⣖තਛᓟߩࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߦ߅ߌࠆᜰะᕈࠍೝỗߔࠆߎߣ߇ᜰ ៰ߐࠇߚ㧚 ࠠࡢ࠼㧦ᬺᓥ㧘⽎ቇ㧘น⢻ᕈ㧘᳇ߠ߈ ߪߓߦ ⥃ᐥ႐ߩᬺ≮ᴺ჻ߪ㧘ࠢࠗࠕࡦ࠻߇∛᳇㧘㓚 ኂߥߤߢ࿎㔍ߦߥߞߚ↢ᵴࠍౣ᭴▽ߒ㧘ࠃࠅஜᐽߦ↢ ᵴߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߦេഥߔࠆ㧚ᬺ⑼ቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ㧘 ੱߩᬺߩᧄ⾰㧘ᒻ㧘ᯏ⢻㧘ੱ⊛ࠆߪ␠ળ⊛ᗧ ࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⥃ᐥߩᬺ≮ᴺߦ⽸₂ߔ ࠆ 1)㧚∛᳇㧘㓚ኂߦࠃࠅᬺߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߔࠆߩ ߆㧘ᄌൻߒߚᬺࠍੱߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⚻㛎ߔࠆߩ߆㧘 ߘߩᓟߩᣂ↢ᵴ᭴▽ߩ⚻ㆊߩਛߢ㧘ᬺߪߤ߁ᄌൻߔ ࠆߩ߆㧘⸃ߒߡ⥃ᐥኅߩᓎߦ┙ߡࠆߎߣߪߘߩ⽸₂ ߩ৻ߟߦߥࠆߛࠈ߁㧚 ᬺ≮ᴺᬺ⑼ቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ㧘㓚ኂߦࠃࠆᬺߩ ᄌൻࠍߣࠄ߃ࠆߚߦᓎ┙ߟⷞὐࠍឭ␜ߒߡ߈ߚ㧚ᣣ Ᏹ↢ᵴߩᯏ⢻ߩᄌൻߣߒߡߣࠄ߃ࠆᬺࡄࡈࠜࡑ ࡦࠬߩⷞὐ 2-4)㧘ੱ߇⚻㛎ߔࠆ㧘㓚ኂ೨ߣ㓚ኂᓟߩ ᬺᓥߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊࠍᬺ⚻㛎ߩⷞὐߢᝒ߃ߚ⎇ⓥ 5,6)㧘 㓚ኂᓟߩ⁁ᴫߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦㆡᔕߔࠆߩ߆㧘ߘߩᚢ⇛ࠍ ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ⎇ⓥ 7,8)߇ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘㓚ኂߦࠃࠆᬺ ᓥ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߒߚ߆ࠍត⚝ߒߚ⎇ⓥߢߪ 9-11)㧘 ᬺߦᓥߒ㧘ᣂ↢ᵴࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠢ ࠗࠪࠬࠍ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢࠆߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ㧚 ߒ߆ߒ㧘ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩ⚻ㆊߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘ᬺᓥ ߩᄌൻߦߟߡߪࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡߥ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ࠆ⣖තਛᓟㆮ∝⠪ߩ⚻㛎߆ࠄ㧘㓚ኂ ߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߐࠇߚࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߦ߅ߡᬺ ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߒ㧘ߘߩᄌൻߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⚻㛎ߐࠇ ࠆߩ߆ࠍ㧘ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩⷞὐߣ⽎ቇ⊛ᵴേߩ ᣇࠍߞߡಽᨆߔࠆ㧚 ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩℂ⺰㧦van Gennep ߪ㧘ੱ߇ޘ㧘 ੱ↢ߩ▵⋡ߢ␠ળ⊛ࠍ⒖ⴕߒߡࠁߊߚߦขࠅⴕ ࠊࠇࠆㅢㆊ␞㧔߃߫㧘㕍ᐕ߇ᚑੱߦߥࠆᑼ㧘⚿ ᇕᑼ㧘⫋ᑼߥߤ㧕ࠍ㧘ታ㓙ߩࠗࡈࠦࠬࠍ⽎ᓽߔࠆ ⽎ߣߒߡᝒ߃㧘ߘߩࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩౝኈࠍಽᨆ ߒ㧘ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩ⚻ㆊਛߦ㧘ੱߣ␠ળߣߩ㑐 ଥ㧘߮ੱߩᗧ⼂⁁ᘒߦᄌൻ߇ߺࠄࠇࠆߎߣ㧘⚻ㆊ ߇ㅴⴕߔࠆߦᓥߞߡ㧘ಽ㔌⒖ⴕౣ⛔วߩฦᲑ㓏߇ ࠆߎߣ㧘 ߘߒߡ㧘 ߎߩ㗅ᐨߢ⚻ㆊߔࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߚ 12)㧚 van Gennep ߩฦᲑ㓏ߩ․ᓽߪ㧘ಽ㔌㧦ࠢࠗࠪࠬߦ 㒱ߞߚੱߪ㧘߹ߕ␠ળ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇࠆ㧘⒖ⴕ㧦␠ળߦ߅ߌ ࠆߘߩੱߩሽ㧘 ᓎഀߪᄬࠊࠇ㧘 ᣂߒሽߦᦧࠊࠆ㧘 ౣ⛔ว㧦ᣂߒሽߦᔅⷐߥᬺࠍ₪ᓧߒ㧘ᣂߒᓎ ഀߣߒߡ␠ળߦᏫࠆ㧘ߣߒߚ㧚ᣂᚑੱࠍߣߒߡㅀߴ ࠆߣ㧘ฦᲑ㓏ߩౝኈߦߪ㧘van Gennep ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ၞ 㓸⪭߆ࠄㄝ㈋ߥᚲߦㅪࠇࠄࠇ㧔ಽ㔌ߩᲑ㓏㧕 㧘ሶଏߣ ߒߡߩ␠ળ⊛ࠍᄬ㧘ᚑੱߣ߁ᣂߒࠍਈ ߃ࠄࠇ 㧔⒖ⴕߩᲑ㓏㧕 㧘 ߘߩᓎഀߦᔅⷐߥᵴേࠍ⠌ᓧߒ㧘 ᣂᚑੱߣߒߡ␠ળߦᚯࠅᣂߒߦߟߊ㧔ౣ⛔วߩ Ბ㓏㧕 㧘߇߹ࠇࠆ㧚 ⽎ቇ⊛ੱޟ㑆ߩᵴേߩޠℂ⸃㧦⽎ቇ⠪ߪ㧘ੱ㑆 ߩᗧ⼂ߣኻ⽎ߩᕈ⾰ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚߦ㧘ା㗬ᕈߩࠆ ⺰ℂ⊛ᣇᴺࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ⎇ⓥߒߚ 12)㧚ߘߩ࡙࠾ࠢߥὐ ߪ㧘ੱ㑆ߪ㧘りࠍ⇇ߦ㐿߈㧘⍮ⷡࠍㅢߒߡ⇇ߣ ᵹߒ㧘ߘߎ߆ࠄ⚻㛎ߒߚ߽ߩߦၮߠߡኻ⽎㧔⇇㧕 ࠍ⍮ࠆߣߣࠄ߃ࠆ Husserl ߆ࠄߩᆫߢࠅ㧘ᬺߦ - 36 36- － － ᓥߔࠆੱߩⷞὐ߆ࠄߘߩ⚻㛎ࠍℂ⸃ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ ߩߢࠆ 14,15)㧚⽎ቇߩⷞὐߪ㧘ᬺ߇ᓥߔࠆੱߦ ߣߞߡࠍᗧߔࠆ߆ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆὐ ߢ㧘ᬺ⑼ቇߦߣߞߡ⋉ߢࠆ 16,17)㧚 ⽎ቇߪ㧘ੱ㑆ߪ⇇㧔ߦࠆኻ⽎㧕ࠍ⍮ⷡߒߡ㧘 ߈߆ߌ㧘⍮ⷡࠍߒߡ⇇㧔ኻ⽎㧕ࠍ⚻㛎ߒᵹߒ ߡࠆߣߣࠄ߃ࠆ㧚ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ㧘ᚒ߇ޘ⇇ߦะߌࠆ ᗧ⼂ߩᕈ⾰ࠍᜰะᕈ 18)ߣ߁㧚ੱ㑆߇⇇ߦะߌࠆᜰ ะᕈߦߪ㧘ㆇേߩᜰะᕈߩઁߦ㧘ᖱ✜⊛㧘ᕈ⊛㧘⸒⺆ ⊛ᜰะᕈ߇ࠆߣ Merleau-Ponty ߪᜰ៰ߔࠆ 19)㧚ᧄ⎇ ⓥߢߪᵴേߦ߆߆ࠊࠆᜰะᕈߦὶὐࠍߡࠆ㧚 ੱ㑆ߩᵴേߦ߆߆ࠊࠆᜰะᕈߦߪ㧘Merleau-Ponty ߩ ឭ໒ߒߚޟᠲ⊛ᜰะᕈ ߣޠSchutz ߩឭ໒ߒߚⴕޟേ ߩᜰะᕈ ࠆߥ⇣߁ߣޠ2 ߟߩࡌ࡞ߩᜰะᕈ߇ࠆ ߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆ 20)㧚ᠲ⊛ᜰะᕈ㧦ࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇㧘ᣣᏱ↢ᵴ ߩਛߢ߶ߣࠎߤᗧ⼂ߖߕߦ⥄േ⊛㧘⠌ᘠ⊛ߦⴕ߁ㆇേ ߦ㧘Ᏹߦะߌࠄࠇߡࠆᜰะᕈߢࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ⴕὑ ⠪ߢࠆᚒߪޘṛࠅߥߊᵴേߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍᒰߚࠅ೨ߣ ߒߡ㧘りࠍേ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘⇇(ኻ⽎)ߣᵹߒߡ㧘 ᣣᏱߩᵴേࠍⴕߥߞߡࠆ㧚߃߫㧘࠼ࠕࠍ㐿ߌߡ㧘 ㇱደ߆ࠄᑈਅߦࠆᤨ㧘ᚒߪޘ㧘⥄ಽߩ⢛ਛ߿⢋߿⣨ ߩേ߈ߦߪߞ߈ࠅߣߪ㧘ᗧ⼂ࠍᛄߞߡߥ߇㧘࠼ࠕ ߦ߱ߟ߆ࠄߕߦㅢㆊߔࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⥄ォゞࠍᠲߒߡ ࠆᤨߦ㧘⣨㧘⣉ߩേ߈ࠍ⠨߃ߕߣ߽ᚒߩޘりߪ⥄ォ ゞࠍᠲߔࠆ㧚․ߦᗧ⼂ߖߕ㧘ࡃࡦࠬࠍߣࠅ㧘⤒㧘 ᄢ⣽㧘⢆㑐▵ߦߤߩߊࠄജࠍࠇࠆ߆㧘ᛮߊ߆㧘り ߇⍮ߞߡࠆ㧚ᗧ⼂ߖߕߦりࠍߒߡ㧘ኻ⽎ߩ⥄ ォゞࠍᠲߒߡࠆ㧚ᠲߒߡࠆᤨ㧘⏕ߦᗧ࿑ߒ ߡりߩฦㇱಽࠍേ߆ߒߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ㧚ߎࠇࠄ ߩᵴേߪ⸘↹㧘ડ↹ߥߒߦ⥄േ⊛㧘⠌ᘠ⊛ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ ࠆ㧚⓭ὼ㧘ォ߮ߘ߁ߦߥߞߡ㧘ೋߡࡂࡦ࠼࡞ࠍី ࠆᚻ߿㧘㕙ࠍ〯ࠎᒛࠆ⿷ࠍ㧘ᗧ⼂ߔࠆ㧚ࡍࠫࠍ ߊࠆߣ߈߽㧘ᚻ㚂߿⢀ࠍߤߩߊࠄᦛߍߡ㧘ฦᜰߩ㑐 ▵ࠍᐲᦛߍߡ㧘ߤߩߊࠄߩജߢ⚕ࠍߟ߹ࠎߢ㧘ฝ ߦ߭ߡ㧘ߊࠈ߁ߣߪ⠨߃ߡߥ㧘ߘࠇߪり߇ ⍮ߞߡࠆ 21)㧚ᚒߪޘ㧘ㅢᏱ㧘ߩ㗴߽ߥߊ⥄േ⊛ ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆߎߣࠍ㧘ᒰߚࠅ೨ߩߎߣߣߒߡ㧘りߩേ ߈ߪ㧘᳇ߦߒߡߥ㧚 ߽߁߭ߣߟߪ㧘Schutz ߇ᜰ៰ߒߚⴕേߩᜰะᕈߢ ࠆ 22)㧚ࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄⴕ߁ⴕേ㧘ᵴേࠍㅢߒߡ ᧪ߦะߌࠆᜰะᕈߢࠆ㧚ㅢᏱ㧘ࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ㧘߆ ᵴേࠍߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᤨ㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄ⥄ಽ߇߅ߎߥ߁ᵴേ ߩࠗࡔࠫࠍឬߡࠆ㧚ታ㓙ߦߪ߹ߛⴕߞߡߥ ߇㧘ߘߩᧂ᧪ቢੌᒻߩⴕὑࠍᗐቯߒߡ㧘ᵴേࠍ⸘↹ߒ ߡ㧘ⴕേࠍߎߒ㧘ㆀⴕߔࠆ㧚߃߫㧘࠲ࠍ✬ ߽߁ߣᕁߞߡࠆᤨߪ㧘ߔߢߦ㧘✬ࠎߢࠆ⥄ಽߩࠗ ࡔࠫ߇ࠆ㧚ࠆߪ㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄ࠙ࠖࡦ࠼࡚࠙ࠪ࠶ ࡇࡦࠣߦⴕߊᤨ㧘ᚒߡߊߥࠄ߆ࠊߪߣߎ߆⚦ߪޘ㧘 ߎ߁߿ߞߡ߆ࠍតߒߡ㧘߱ࠄ߱ࠄᱠ߈㧘ຠࠍߡ ࠆߣ߁㧘వߩࠗࡔࠫࠍᜬߞߡࠆ㧚ߎߩᜰะᕈ ߦߪ㧘ᗧ࿑߿⸘↹߇߹ࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩታⴕ߇ⴕേߩ⋡⊛ ߿േᯏߣߥࠆ㧚 ⋡⊛ 㓚ኂߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߐࠇߚࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩਛߢ㧘 ᬺᓥ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߒ㧘ੱ߇ᬺᓥߩᄌൻ ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⚻㛎ߔࠆߩ߆ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ ⋡⊛ߢࠆ㧚ߎߩ⋡⊛ߩߚߦ㧘ࠆ⣖තਛᓟㆮ∝⠪ ߩᬺߩᄌൻࠍࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩⷞὐߣᜰะᕈߩ ᣇࠍߞߡ㧘ℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߔ㧚 ᣇᴺ ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘࠽࠹ࠖࡉಽᨆߩᚻᴺࠍߞߚ㧘⽎ቇ ⊛⎇ⓥߢࠅ㧘ࠤࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖߢࠆ㧚⎇ⓥදജ⠪ ࡒ࠴ 㧔ฬ㧕 ߪᄦߣ 3 ੱߩᆷ߇ࠆ 59 ᱦߩਥᇚߢࠅ㧘 ⣖තਛᓟㆮ∝⠪ߢࠆ㧚7 ᐕ೨ߩ⣖තਛ⊒એ᧪㧘Ꮐ ඨりߩ㤗∽ߣᏀήⷞߩ㓚ኂࠍᜬߞߡࠆ㧚࠺࠲㓸 ߩߚ㧘ࡒ࠴ߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘࠍ 5 ࿁ᣉⴕߒߚ㧚ࠗ ࡦ࠲ࡆࡘࠍඨ᭴ㅧ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑߢⴕ㧘ᓐᅚߩ↢ᵴผ㧘 ⣖තਛએ᧪ߩ᧪㧘⚻㛎ߒߚߎߣ㧘ᣣᏱߩᬺߦߟ ߡ⥄↱ߦߒߡ߽ࠄߞߚ㧚ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߪ㍳㖸ߒ㧘 ㅙ⺆ࠍᚑߒ㧘ᓐᅚߩ⚻㛎ࠍᷓߊℂ⸃ߔࠆߚߦ࠽ ࠹ࠖࡉಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ㧚 ㅙ⺆㍳ࠍ➅ࠅߒ⺒ߺ㧘 ߎߞ ߚ᧪ࠍᤨ♽ߦℂ⸃ߒ㧘ࡒ࠴ߩ⚻㛎ߒߚ᧪ߣ ⚻㛎ߣᬺߩ㑐ଥࠍㅊߞߚ㧚ࡒ࠴߇㗫❥ߦᤨ㑆ࠍㆊߏ ߔㆇേᣉ⸳㧘࠺ࠗࠤࠕ㧘ᖚ⠪ળߩᵴേߦหⴕߒ㧘6 ࿁ ߩෳടⷰኤࠍⴕ㧘ࡈࠖ࡞࠼ࡁ࠻ࠍߟߌ㧘࠺࠲ ߣߒߚ㧚ࡒ࠴ߩ⚻㛎ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚߩ㧘⿷⊛ᖱႎ 㓸ߣߒߡ㧘ᓐᅚߩᜂᒰᬺ≮ᴺ჻ߦᴦ≮⚻㛎ߦߟߡ ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘࠍ 2 ࿁ⴕߞߚ㧚࠺࠲ߩౝኈߪ㧘ᧄੱ ߦ⏕ߒߚ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߩᣇᴺ⺰ߣ࠺࠲ߩ⸃㉼ߦߟߡ ା㗬ᕈࠍ⏕ߔࠆߚߦ㧘⾰⊛⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ ߣࡇࠕࡆࡘߢ⸃㉼ߦߟߡߒวߞߚ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ ⎇ⓥ⸘↹ߪ⡛㓮ࠢࠬ࠻ࡈࠔᄢቇߩ୶ℂᆔຬળߩ୶ ℂክᩏߢᛚߐࠇߚ㧚એਅߦ㧘ࡒ࠴ߩ⣖තਛᓟߩ⚻㛎 ߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍㅀߴࠆ㧚ࡒ࠴ߩ⚻㛎ߪ㧘⣖තਛߦࠃߞߡ ߽ߚࠄߐࠇߚࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߣߘߎ߆ࠄߩ⸃㧔࿁ ᓳ㧕ߣℂ⸃ߐࠇߚ㧚⠨ኤߢߪ㧘ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬ߆ࠄ ⸃߳ߩ⚻ㆊࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦℂ⸃ߒߚߩ߆ࠍߒߊㅀߴ㧘 ߘߩ㑆ߩᬺߩᄌൻࠍᜰะᕈߩᔨߢ⸃㉼ߔࠆ㧚 37－－ -37 ᤨ 㓚ኂ೨ ⚻ㆊ䊶 ᧪ ᒰ䈢䉍೨䈱 ↢ᵴ ಽ 㑆 㔌 ⣖තਛ⊒ 㒮 ᜰะᕈ ኅ䊶䊶 ⋧⺣ᓎ వ䈱ᭉ䈚䉂 ⇇䊶᧪䈫 ቯ䈚䈢ᵹ ㆊ ⒖ ⴕ Ḵ䉕䈖䈋䉎 䉳䊞䉧䉟䊝䉕䉃䈒 ⋁ᵞ䈇ት⸒ ખ㑆䈫䈱ᣏ ⥄ቛ↢ᵴ ᬺᓥ ⚻ ᐳ䉏䈭䈇 േ䈔䈭䈇 䈧䈎䉌䈭䈇 ⸘↹䈏䉂䉖䈭䊌䊷 䈮䈭䈦䈢 ኻ⽎䉕ᠲ䈪䈐䈭䈇 వ䈱䉟䊜䊷䉳䈏 䈋䈏䈔䈭䈇 ౣ⛔ว 䈇䉐䈇䉐䈭ળ䈇 䈇䈔䉎䋨䈪䈐䉎䋩 䈛䉆䉖䋣 ኅ 䊂䉟䉬䉝⋧⺣ᓎ ᖚ⠪ળᵴേ 䉴䊘䊷䉿ᵴേ น⢻ᕈ䈱ታᗵ వ䈱䉟䊜䊷䉳䉕ឬ䈒 ⇇䈫䈱ᵹ ࿑ ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠬߩᬺߩᄌൻ ⚿ᨐ 㧝㧚ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩ⚻ㆊߩ 3 Ბ㓏 ࠺࠲ߩ࠽࠹ࠖࡉಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ㧘ࡒ࠴ߩ⣖ත ਛᓟߩ⚻ㆊߪ㧘Ԙߘࠇ߹ߢߩ↢ᵴ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇ㧘ԙࠆォ ᯏࠍ߆߃㧘Ԛߘߩᓟᣂߚߦ↢ᵴࠍࠅᆎ㧘ኅᣖࠍ ␠ળߦ⣖තਛ೨ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ⟎ߢᚯࠆߣ߁㧘van Gennep ߩࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩ 3 Ბ㓏㧦ಽ㔌㧘⒖ⴕ㧘ౣ ⛔วߦኻᔕߔࠆ⚻ㆊࠍߚߤߞߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇߚ㧚ߘߩߚ 㧘ᧄ⺰ߢߪ van Gennep ߩ↪⺆ߢࠆ㧘ಽ㔌㧘⒖ⴕ㧘 ౣ⛔วࠍߞߡ㧘⚻ㆊࠍㅀߴࠆ㧚 㧞㧚ᬺߩ⾰ߩᄌൻ ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬࠍ⚻ㆊߔࠆߦߟࠇߡ㧘ࡒ࠴ߩᬺᓥ ߇⾰⊛ߦᄌൻߒߡߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ߘ ߩᄌൻߪ㧘⇇ߦะ߆߁ᗧ⼂㧔ᜰะᕈ㧕ߩᄌൻߣߒߡ ℂ⸃ߐࠇߚ㧔࿑㧕 㧚 ⠨ኤ 㧝㧚ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩ⚻ㆊߩ 3 Ბ㓏 ಽ㔌㧦ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘∛೨ߦߪ㧘ᄦߣᆷ 3 ੱߣ↢ᵴߒ㧘ሶ ⢒ߡ㧘ࡄ࠻࠲ࠗࡓߩߦ߇ࠎ߫ࠅ㧘ࡃࡏ࡞ ߇ᄢᅢ߈ߥ㧘ᵴേ⊛ߥᅚᕈߛߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘⣖තਛߦ ࠃࠆ㓚ኂߩߚߦ㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢᒰࠅ೨ߛߞߚ↢ᵴ߇㧘৻ ㆉߦᄢ߈ߊ៊ߥࠊࠇ㧘ࠍߤ߁ߒߡ߆ࠊ߆ࠄߥߊ ߥߞߚ㧚り߇ᄌࠊߞߡ㧘㒮ਛߦߪ㧘ਇᕁ⼏ߥ⚻㛎 ࠍߒߚ㧚⢛߽ߚࠇઃ߈ߩࡌ࠶࠼ߦᐳߞߡߡ߽㧘り ߇ߊߩࠍߤ߁᭽߽ߥ⁁ᘒߛߞߚ㧚ㅌ㒮ᓟߩ⥄ቛ ↢ᵴߢߪ㧘 ኅᣖ߇Ḱߒߚ㘩ࠍ㘩ߴ㧘 ࠹ࡆࠍ⌑㧘 ㆐ߣ㔚ߢߒߡߚ㧚ኅᣖߦ⺃ࠊࠇࠆߣ㧘ህޘᢔ ᱠࠍߒߡߚ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘ㅌ㒮ᓟߩ↢ᵴߦߟߡࠗࡦ࠲ ࡆࡘߢ㧘 ޟ߽ߢ߈ߥߣᕁߞߡߚ㧚 㧚 㧚߽ߒߡ ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇㘩ߪߒߡߊࠇࠆ߆ࠄ㧘㘩 ߿⸒ࠊࠇߚࠄ㧚 㧚 㧚ⴕߊߋࠄߢ㧘߽ߒߡߥ߆ߞߚߢ ߔߨ㧚 㧚 㧚ᄖߦ߽ࠎ߹ࠅߡߥ߆ߞߚߢߔߨ㧚ᒁߞㄟ ߺᕁ᩺ߢߔ㧚 ߚߒߣޠ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘㓚ኂ೨ߦኅᣖ߿␠ળ ߩਛߢᜬߞߡߚ㧘 ޟኅޠ ޟᆷߚߜߩ⋧⺣ߦߩࠆᲣⷫޠ 㧘 㧘 ߩࡓࠗ࠲࠻ࡄޟᷡߩߩߤߥޠᓎഀࠍᄬ㧘␠ ળ߆ࠄ߽㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢ▽ߡ߈ߚ⥄ಽߩ↢ᵴผ߆ࠄ߽㧘 㔌ࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ⒖ⴕ㧦⥄ಽ߆ࠄߪ߽ߖߕߦ㧘ฃり⊛ߥᘒᐲߢᤨ㑆 ࠍㆊߏߒߡߚࡒ࠴ߦ⾰⊛ߦᄢ߈ߥᄌൻ߇ߎࠅ㧘ߘ ߩᬺߪᣂߒᲑ㓏߳ߣ⒖ⴕߒߚ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘⥄ቛߢ ߽ߖߕㆊߏߒ㧘ߐࠇߚ㘩ࠍ㘩ߴ㧘⺃ࠊࠇࠇ߫㧘ᢿ ࠄߕߦ৻✜ߦᄖߒߡ߽㧘ታ㓙ߦߪᭉߒߕ㧘 ߡ߅ޟ ߌ߷ࠅߣޠᗵߓ㧘ߣ߆ߒߥߊߡߪߌߥߣᕁߞߡ ߚ㧚ߘࠎߥࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩਛߢ㧘ߊߟ߆ߩ ᧪߇߈ߞ߆ߌߢ㧘 ࠎ߾ߓࠆ߈ߢޟ㧚 ߁ߣޠᬺߩน ⢻ᕈࠍ⚻㛎ߒߚ㧚 ߃߫㧘 ᢔᱠਛߦḴࠍ߃ߚߎߣ߿㧘 -－3838- － ᬺ≮ᴺᄖ᧪ߩࠞࠅߢࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕࠍߚߎߣ ߇㧘߈ߞ߆ߌ㧔ߪߕߺ㧕ߦߥࠅ㧘⥄ಽ߆ࠄਥ⊛ߦᣣ Ᏹ⊛ߥᬺߦᓥߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚߽ߢ߈ߥߣ ᕁߞߡߚ߇㧘ߢ߈ࠆᬺ߇ࠆߣ߁น⢻ᕈߩ᳇ߠ ߈߇㧘ᓐᅚߩᬺᓥࠍଦㅴߒߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩ Ბ㓏ߪ㧘ࡒ࠴߇㧘␠ળ߆ࠄಽ㔌ߒߚ㧘ᓎഀߩߥ⁁ᘒ ߆ࠄ㧘␠ળߦሽߔࠆ㧘␠ળߢᓎഀࠍᜬߟ⁁ᘒ߳ߩォ ឵ࠍଦߒ㧘 㧔߹ߛ⍎ߦߪ߃ߡߥ㧕ᣂߒᓎഀߦ ะߌߡ㧘ᔅⷐߥᬺࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘↢߈ᣇࠍォ឵ ߔࠆߣ߁㧘 ޟ⒖ⴕߩޠᲑ㓏ߢߞߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇߚ㧚 ౣ⛔ว㧦ᒢߺ߇ߟߊࠃ߁ߦ㧘 ࡒ࠴ߪኅᣖ↢ᵴߩਛߢ㧘 ߢ߈ߥߣᕁߞߡߚᬺߩਛ߆ࠄ㧘⥄ಽߢតߒ㧘⹜ ߒ㧘ࠆߪ㧘⍮ࠅวߦჿࠍ߆ߌࠄࠇߚߎߣ߇߈ߞ ߆ߌߦߥߞߡ㧘ᄙ᭽ߥᬺߦᓥߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚 ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘ኅᣖ↢ᵴ߿ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣ߥࠆ႐㕙ߢᬺߦ ᓥߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘␠ળߦෳടߒ㧘⣖තਛએ᧪㧘 ᄬߞߡߚ␠ળߣߩ⚿߮ߟ߈ࠍ࿁ᓳߒߡߞߚ㧚ࡒ࠴ ߩᬺߪࡕࠩࠗࠢߩࠃ߁ߦ⚵ߺวࠊߐࠅ㧘ᓐᅚߩᣂߒ ↢ᵴࠍ᭴▽ߒߡߞߚ㧚ᬺࠍㅢߒߡࡒ࠴߇␠ળߩ ਛߢᣂߒᓎഀࠍ₪ᓧߒߚ᭽ሶࠍએਅߦㅀߴࠆ㧚 ࡒ࠴ߪㅢ㒮వߩᓙวቶߢ㧘หઍߩᄖ᧪ᖚ⠪ߦ⺃ࠊ ࠇߡ㧘⣖තਛߩᖚ⠪ળߦળߒߡߚ㧚ஜᐽᠲ߿㓚 ኂ⠪ࠬࡐ࠷ߦෳടߒ㧘りߩേ߆ߒᣇࠍ➅ࠅߒ✵ ⠌ߒ㧘 ࡏ࠶࠴ࡖ߿ࡈࠗࡦࠣ࠺ࠖࠬࠢ 㧔り㓚⠪ࠬࡐ ࠷㧕ߩᛛࠍ⏴ߚ㧚✵⠌ᓟߩ߅⨥ળߢߪ㧘ᖚ⠪ળߩవ ヘߚߜ߆ࠄࠍ⡞ߊߩ߇ᭉߒߺߛߞߚ㧚േ߈ߩ✵⠌ߦ ᄞਛߦߥࠅ㧘⥄ቛߢߒߡࠆߣ߈ߦ߽㧘ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘⓭ ὼᣂߒേ߈ࠍ⋡ߩ೨ߢ߿ߞߡߖߡߪᆷ߿ᄦࠍ㛳߆ ߖߚ㧚 ળຬߣߒߡᠲ߿ࠥࡓߦෳടߔࠆ߁ߜߦ㧘⢒ଥ ߩࡑࡀࠫࡖߣߒߡ㧘ઁߩり㓚⠪ࠣ࡞ࡊߣߩ⹜ว ߩ⺞ᢛࠍᒁ߈ฃߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘㓚ኂ⠪ࠬࡐ࠷ᄢળ ߦઍㆬᚻߣߒߡ႐ߒߚ㧚 ᄖ᧪ᬺ≮ᴺ߇߈ߞ߆ߌߣߥࠅ⺞ℂߦᓥߔࠆࠃ߁ ߦߥߞߚࡒ࠴ߪ㧘⥄ಽߢ߽ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߢ↪ߔࠆౕ߿ ߿ࠅᣇࠍᎿᄦߒ㧘ታ〣ࠍ㊀ߨ㧘⺞ℂߩᛛⴚߣࡄ࠻ ࠍᐢߍ㧘߅ߒᢱℂߢ㧘⥄ಽ߽࿐ߩੱ߽ޘᭉ ߒ߹ߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚⊒ᓟਛᢿߒߡߚቄ▵ߩૈ ᾚࠅࠍౣ㐿ߒ㧘⍮ࠅวߦ⿅ߞߡ༑߫ࠇߡࠆ㧚⥄ ಽߩᢱℂߩน⢻ᕈߦ᳇ߠߚࡒ࠴ߪ㧘ᓢߦޘኅᣖߩߚ ߦᢱℂࠍᒁ߈ฃߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪᆷߩ⚿ᇕ ࠍ߁ߚߦ㧘࠙ࠚ࠺ࠖࡦࠣ࠼ࠬߩࠕࠢࠨࠍ ࠅ㧘ᒁ߈‛ߦߔࠆߚߦૈᾚࠍߞߚ㧚 ∛೨ߦߪ⚻㛎ߒߚߎߣ߽ߥ߆ߞߚථ㧘᳓ᵒࠍઁߩ ੱߚߜߣᭉߒࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚⍮ࠅวߦථࠍ൘ ࠄࠇࠆߣ㧘ᜂᒰߩᬺ≮ᴺ჻߇ォୟߩෂ㒾ᕈࠍᔃ㈩ߒ ߡ߽㧘ථࠍᆎߚߣ⺑ᓧߒ㧘ߟߦㄭᚲߩ⢒㙚 ߦኅᣖߣㅢ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚⣻ࠍථบߦߒߟߌߡ りࠍቯߐߖߡ㧘 ะ߆ߞߡ᧪ࠆࠍㅊߞߡᭉߒࠎߛ㧚 ㅢᚲ⠪ߣߒߡㅢ߁࠺ࠗࠤࠕߢߪ㧘⥄ಽ߇Ⓧߺ㊀ߨߡ ߈ߚᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩᎿᄦ߿ᛛⴚࠍઁߩෳട⠪ߦᜰዉߒ㧘ᣂ ߒߊ㓚ኂࠍᜬߞߚੱߩ⋧⺣ᓎࠍᨐߚߒ㧘ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈࠍ⋧ ᚻߦ㧘࠺ࠗࠤࠕߩᵴേࡊࡠࠣࡓߩ┙᩺߿ㆇ༡ߩߚ ߦࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍᒁ߈ฃߌߡࠆ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪࠈࠈߥ ᬺߦᓥߒߡߪ㧘ߘߩᓎഀࠍ₪ᓧߒߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚 van Gennep ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘 ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߦࠆੱߪ㧘 㔌ࠇߡߚ␠ળߦᚯࠅ㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢߣ⇣ߥࠆᣂߒᓎഀ ߦߟߊߚߦ㧘ߘߩᓎഀࠍㆀⴕߔࠆߚߦᔅⷐߥᬺ 㧔ߩࠬࠠ࡞㧕ࠍ㧘ߎߩౣ⛔วߩᲑ㓏ߢ⠌ᓧߔࠆ㧚ࡒ࠴ ߇㧘ᬺߦᓥߒᔅⷐߥࠬࠠ࡞ࠍ⠌ᓧߒ㧘ᖚ⠪ળߩ ⢒ᜂᒰࡑࡀࠫࡖ㧘 ኅᜂᒰ⠪㧘 ⚿ᇕߔࠆᆷߩᲣⷫ㧘 ࠬࡐ࠷ᗲᅢኅߩⶄᢙߩᓎഀߦᣂߚߦߟߡ㧘␠ળߦ ᓳᏫߒߚ⚻ㆊߪ㧘van Gennep ߩࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬℂ⺰ ߣኻᔕߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ㧚 㧞㧚ᬺߩ⾰ߩᄌൻ ⣖තਛߦㆣߞߡ㧘ࡒ࠴ߩᣣᏱ↢ᵴߪోߊᄌࠊߞߚ㧚 㓚ኂ೨ߪᒰߚࠅ೨ߦⴕߞߡߚᣣߩޘᬺ߇ߢ߈ߥߊ ߥࠅ㧘ኅᐸ߿ၞߢߩᓎഀ㧘␠ળߣߩᵹߩᄢㇱಽࠍ ༚ᄬߒߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߊߟ߆ߩ᧪߇ォᯏߣߥࠅ㧘 น⢻ᕈߦ᳇ߠ߈㧘ࠈࠈߥߎߣߦᚢߒ㧘ᬺߦᓥ ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘ࠬࠠ࡞ࠍりߦߟߌ㧘␠ળߩਛߢᣂ ߒߊᓎഀࠍりߦߟߌ㧘ኅᣖࠍߪߓߣߔࠆ␠ળߦᓳᏫ ߒߚ㧚ߎߩࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩಽ㔌߆ࠄ⸃㧔ᣂ↢ᵴ ߩ᭴▽㧕߳ߩㆊ⒟ߢ㧘ᬺ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߒߡߞ ߚ߆㧘ࡒ࠴ߪᬺࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⚻㛎ߒߡߚ߆㧘ࠍℂ ⸃ߔࠆߚߦ㧘ߎߎߢߪ㧘ᜰะᕈߩᣇࠍ߁㧚 ⣖තਛߩ೨㧦ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘ኅᣖߣ 5 ੱߢ↢ᵴߒ㧘ᵴ⊒ߥ ਥᇚߢࠅ㧘ࡄ࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ⠪ߛߞߚ㧚ᵴേ⊛ߦᣣ Ᏹߩᬺߦᓥߔࠆߎߣߪ㧘ᒰߚࠅ೨ߩߎߣߢࠅ㧘 ᓐᅚߪ㧘↢ᵴࠍᭉߒࠎߢߚ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘⺞ℂ㧘ᵞữߩ ኅ㧘ᆷߩ⋧⺣ᓎ㧘ࡄ࠻ൕോߩ㒰㧘ᣂ⡞㈩㆐㧘 ⥄േゞߩㆇォ㧘ࡑࡑߐࠎࡃߥߤߩᣣᏱߩᵴേߦᓥ ߒ㧘߽߁ߓ߈߿ߞߡߊࠆᆷߩᚑੱᑼߩḰࠍᭉߒߺ ߦ⸘↹ߒߡ↢ᵴߒߡߚ㧚 ⣖තਛ߇߽ߚࠄߒߚࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߦ߅ߡ㧘ࡒ ࠴߇ᣣᏱߩᬺࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⚻㛎ߒ㧘ᬺ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ ߦᄌൻߒߚߩ߆ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚߦ㧘ᵴേߦ㑐ࠊࠆ 2 ߟ ߩࡌ࡞ߩᜰะᕈ㧔ᠲ⊛ᜰะᕈߣⴕേߩᜰะᕈ㧕ߦ 39－－ -39 ߟߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ㧚 ಽ㔌㧦⣖තਛᓟ㧘㒮㧘߮ㅌ㒮ᓟ⥄ቛ↢ᵴߩᤨᦼ 㧝㧕“ਇᕁ⼏ߥ”⚻㛎㧦ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘㒮ਛߦり߇㤗∽ߒ㧘 Ꮐࠍήⷞߒߡߚᤨߩ⚻㛎ࠍ㧘ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߢᝄࠅ ߞߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦߒߚ㧚 ߇߆ߐߞ߬ࠅࠊ߆ࠄߥߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧚⥄ಽ ߢ߽ࠊ߆ࠄߥߒ㧚ߢ㧘㒮ߒߡߡ߽㧘೨ߩᣇߚߜߪ ࡌ࠶࠼߆ࠄߔߞߣਅࠅߡ㧘࠻߽ࠗߔߞߣⴕߞߡ㧘ࡄ࠶ ߣᏫߞߡ߈ߡ㧘ࡌ࠶࠼ߦߢ߽ߔߞߣ߇ࠄࠇࠆࠎߢߔ ࠃߨ㧚 ߂߃ޟ㧫ߥࠎߢ㧘ߔߞߣ߇ࠇࠎߩ㧫⑳㧘߇ࠄ ࠇߥߩ߆ߥ㧫ߡߞޠ㧘ߘ߁߁᳇ߒ߆ߥ߆ߞߚࠎߢ ߔ㧚⥄ಽߢ߽㧘ࡕࠦࡦߢߍਅߍ㧘ࠇ㧔⪺⠪ᵈ㧦 㔚േࡌ࠶࠼㧕߇ߞߡ߽⑳ߪᐳߞߡࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚࠎߢ ߔ㧘ోὼ㧚㘩ߩᤨ߽ߍߡ߽ࠄߞߡߚࠎߢߔ㧚 㘩ߴ‛㧔ࠞࠗࠬ㧕ߢ߽ߘ߁߿ߞߡ㧘࠹ࡉ࡞ ߩ߅⋆ߦߩߞߡߊࠆߣ㧘ߎߞߜߩᏀ߇߃ߥࠎߢߔ ߨ㧚߶ߚࠄ㧔ߘߒߚࠄ㧕㧘⥄ಽߩᅢ߈ߥ߽ࠎߢ߽㧘 ߢ߽ߘ߁ߢߔߌߤ㧘߅㓞ߩᣇࠍࠆߣ㧘߿㧘ᨐ‛߽ ߟߡߡߨ㧘ߔߏߥ㧚⑳ߥࠊߣᕁߞߚࠅ㧚㧚㧚 ᦨೋߩ࠽࠹ࠖࡉߢ㧘∛ቶߢ⢛߽ߚࠇઃ߈ߩࡌ࠶࠼ ߦᐳߞߡࠆߣ߈ߦ㧘ᐳࡃࡦࠬࠍ⛽ᜬߢ߈ߕ㧘り ߇ߚ⚻㛎ߣ㧘หቶߩᖚ⠪߇㧘ࡌ࠶࠼߆ࠄ߈ ߇ࠅ㧘࠻ࠗ߳ᱠߡⴕߊߩࠍߥ߇ࠄ㧘⥄ಽ㧔ߩり 㧕ߪߘ߁ߥࠄߥߣ߁㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢߦߥ⚻㛎㧘ਇ ᕁ⼏ߥᗵߓࠍ㧘ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߢ⺆ߞߚ㧚2 ⇟⋡ߩ࠽ ࠹ࠖࡉ߽㧘㘩ᤨߦ㈩⤝ߐࠇߚ⋁ߩᏀߦߞߚࠞ ߿ᨐ‛ࠍ⪭ߣߒߡߚߎߣߦᓟߢ᳇ߠߚߣ߈ߦᗵ ߓߚਇᕁ⼏ߥ⚻㛎ߛߞߚ㧚 ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘⣖තਛߦߥࠆ೨ߪ㧘⥄ಽߢߪߪߞ߈ࠅᗧ࿑ ߒߥߊߡ߽㧘 り߇⥄േ⊛ߥㆇേߢ㧘 ࡃࡦࠬࠍߣࠅ㧘 ᚻ⿷ࠍേ߆ߒߡቶౝࠍ⒖േߒ㧘ⷞⷡߢߣࠄ߃ߚࡦࠧ ߦᚻࠍિ߫ߒߡߚ㧚 ߟ߹ࠅ㧘 ᠲ⊛ᜰะᕈࠍㅢߒߡ㧘 ኻ⽎ߦኻᔕߒߡ㧘⇇ߣᵹߒߡߚ㧚ߘࠇߪᒰߚࠅ ೨ߩߎߣߛߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘⣖තਛᓟߪ㧘ߎߩ⥄േ⊛ㆇ േߣߒߡ⇇ߦะ߆ߞߡߚᠲ⊛ᜰะᕈ߇⇇ߦะ ߆ߞߡⴕ߆ߥߎߣߦ㧘ࡒ࠴ߪਇᕁ⼏ߥ⚻㛎ߒߚߣℂ ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚 㧞㧕ᶖ߃ߚ᧪ߩᬺ ⣖තਛߦߥࠆ೨㧘ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘ㄭ᧪ߦᆷߩᚑੱᑼߩ Ḱࠍߔࠆߎߣࠍᭉߒߺߦߒߡߚ㧚ᆷߩߚߦ⌕‛ ߩ↢߿Ꮺࠍㆬ߮㧘⥄ಽ߇ᆷߦ⌕ߟߌࠆߩࠍᭉߒߺߦ ߒߡߚ㧚ᚒߪޘ㧘ᣣ↢ߩޘᵴߩਛߢ㧘᧪ߦ⥄ಽ߇ ߔࠆᬺߩࠗࡔࠫࠍឬ߈ߥ߇ࠄ↢߈ߡࠆ㧚㓚ኂ೨ ߪ㧘ࡒ࠴ߪⴕേߩᜰะᕈࠍㅢߒߡ᧪ߣᵹߒߡߚ ߪߕߛ߇㧘㓚ኂᓟ㧘ᓐᅚߩ᧪ߩᬺߩࠗࡔࠫߪ㧘 ߤ߁ߥߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆㧫ࡒ࠴ߪࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߢ㧘⣖ත ਛᓟߩ⚻㛎ࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦߒߚ㧚 ߹ߢሶ⢒ߡ߿ߞߡߚߩ߇㧘߿ߞߣ㧘ᚻ㔌ࠇߡ㧘 ߿ߞߣߎࠇ߆ࠄ߿ߥߞߡ㧘߁ᤨߛߞߚ߆ࠄߨ㧚㧚㧚㧚㧚 ሶߤ߽߇ 3 ੱࠆࠎߢߔࠃ㧘ᆷ߫ߞ߆ࠅ㧘㧚㧚㧚㧚ߩᤨ 㧔⣖තਛߦߥߞߚᤨ㧕৻⇟ਅߩሶ߇㜞ᩞ 3 ᐕ↢ߢߒߚ ߆ࠄ㧘ᚑੱᑼߩߣ߈㧘ߎߥߒߚࠈ߁ߣ߆㧘⠨߃ߚߣ ߎࠆߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧘ߣᕁߞߚߩ߇㧘ోㇱߎߣߏߣ ߊࡄߦߥߞߡ㧘ߒߡ߿ࠄࠇ߳ࠎߒ㧚 ࡒ࠴ߪ⣖තਛ೨ߦߪ㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄታⴕߔࠆࠈࠈߥ ᬺߩࠗࡔࠫࠍឬߡ㧘↢ᵴߒߡߚ߇㧘⣖තਛᓟ ߦߪ㧘ߔߴߡ༚ᄬߔࠆ⚻㛎ࠍߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ㄭ ᧪㧘ᆷߩߚߦᚑੱᑼߩ⌕‛ࠍㆬ߮㧘⌕ߟߌࠆߎߣ ࠍ㧘ᒰߚࠅ೨ߩߎߣߣߒߡ㧘ᕁឬߡ߈ߚ㧚ߎߩ࠽ ࠹ࠖࡉߢㅀߴࠄࠇߚߩߪ㧘ߘߩⴕേߩࠗࡔࠫ߇ឬ ߌߥߣ߁⚻㛎ߛߞߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘 㧔⇇ ߩ৻ㇱߢࠆ㧕 ᧪ߣᵹߔࠆⴕേߩᜰะᕈ߇ṛߞߡ㧘 ᧪ߦ⥄ಽߩࠗࡔࠫࠍឬߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥߊߥߞߚ⚻ 㛎ߛߞߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚᧪ߦᯅ߇߆ߌࠄࠇߥ㧘Ꮧ ᦸ߇ᜬߡߥ⚻㛎ߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘⥄ቛߦᏫߞߚ ߣߩ↢ᵴߦߟߡߪ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦߒߚ㧚 ߘࠎߥߦᣧߊ߈ߡ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚߨ㧚߶ࠎ߹ߦࡉ ࡉࡉࡉߒߡ߹ߒߚߨ㧘ߦ߽ߒߥߒ㧚 㧙ߏ㘵߇ߢ߈ߚࠄߏ㘵ࠍ㘩ߴߡ㧫 ߘ߁㧚߶ࠎߢ㧘ࠁߞߊࠅߢᓟߪ߽߁࠹ࡆߥࠎ߆ ࠆ㧚ሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇ߜࠂߞߣᣣߪ߅ᄤ᳇߆ࠄ㧘 ߜࠂߞߣᢔᱠߦⴕߎ߁߆ߣ߆㧘 㧙ߘࠇߪ㧘ᆷߐࠎ߇㧘 ߥߚߺޠࠃ߁ߎⴕޟᗵߓߢߔ߆ ߨ㧚 ߘ߁ߢߔߨ㧚ሶߤ߽ߣ߆㧘ਥੱߣ߆߇ㅪࠇߡߞߡ ߊࠇ߹ߒߚߨ㧚㧔⥄ಽ߆ࠄ㧕ⴕߎ߁ߣ߁ߩߪోὼߥ ߆ߞߚߢߔߨ㧚 ߎߩ࠽࠹ࠖࡉ߆ࠄ㧘ㅌ㒮ᓟߩ↢ᵴߢ㧘ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘 ߐࠇߚ㘩ߴ‛ࠍ㘩ߴ㧘 ᢔᱠ߿⾈‛ߦ⺃ࠊࠇߚࠄ㧘 ህޘ ߟߡⴕߞߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚⣖තਛએ೨ߦߪ㧘หߓ⾈ ‛ࠍߔࠆߣ߈ߦ߽㧘ࡒ࠴ߪ⥄ಽ߇⾈‛ߒߡࠆࠗ - 4040－ － ࡔࠫࠍᜬߞߡߘߩᵴേߦᓥߒߚߪߕߛ߇㧘ህⴕޘ േߒߡࠆߎߩᤨߪ㧘వߦ߆ࠍߒࠃ߁ߣ㧘ࠗࡔࠫ ࠍឬߡᵴേߦᓥߒߡߚߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߣℂ⸃ߐ ࠇߚ㧚⇇߳ะ߆߁ⴕേߩᜰะᕈ߇ṛߞߚ⁁ᘒߛߣ⠨ ߃ࠄࠇߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ᓐᅚߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⾈‛ߩ⚻㛎 ࠍޟኅᣖߪᭉߒࠎߢߚ߇㧘 㧔⥄ಽߩ⚻㛎ߣߒߡߪ㧕⟎ ߡߌ߷ࠅߣޠ㧘ߒߚ㧚ᓐᅚߩਥᕈߩᰳᅤߣߣ ߽ߦ㧘 㧔ኅᣖߣߣ߽ߦⴕേߒߡࠆߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ㧕␠ળ ⊛ᵹߩᰳᅤࠍ⚻㛎ߒߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚 ⒖ⴕ㧦⥄ቛ↢ᵴ㧘ᄖ᧪ᬺ≮ᴺ㧘ᖚ⠪ળᵴേߩ⚻㛎 ߐࠇߚ㘩ࠍ㘩ߴ㧘TV ࠍߡ߱ࠄ߱ࠄㆊߏߒ㧘 ⺃ࠊࠇࠇ߫ህޘᢔᱠߦࠆߣ߁㧘ฃりߥᘒᐲߢ↢ᵴ ߒߡߚࡒ࠴ߦ㧘ᄢ߈ߥ࠲࠾ࡦࠣࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇߿ߞߡ ߈ߚ㧚ߊߟ߆ߩ᧪߇⾰⊛ߥᄌൻࠍᓐᅚߩ↢ᵴᘒ ᐲߦ߽ߚࠄߒߚߎߣ߇㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄߡߊࠆᓐᅚߩ࠽ ࠹ࠖࡉ߆ࠄࠄ߆ߦߥࠆ㧚ߎࠇ߇߈ߞ߆ߌߦߥࠅ㧘ࡒ ࠴ߪ᭽ߥޘᬺߦᓥߒ㧘 ᣂߒ↢ᵴࠍ᭴▽ߒᆎߚ㧚 ࡒ࠴ࠍ⒖ⴕ߳ዉߚߊߟ߆ߩ᧪ߣ⾰⊛ᄌൻߦߟ ߡㅀߴࠆ㧚 ᧪Ԙ Ḵࠍ߃ࠆ㧦ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘ࠆߣ߈㧘ߟ߽ߩ ࠃ߁ߦኅᣖߦ⺃ࠊࠇߡᢔᱠߦߞߚ㧚೨ߦߪ੍ᗐߒ ߡߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘Ḵࠍ߃ߚᤨߩߎߣࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ ߒߚ㧚 ޟ㧘ߌࠆߓ߾ࠎߡߞޠ㧚 ޟ㧘ߎࠎߥߩߢ߈ࠆ ࠎ߆ߣޠᕁ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡߊࠆ㧚ᵞữ‛ࠍ㧔ኅᣖߦ㧕 㓝ࠇߡߒࠃ߁㧔ขࠅㄟ߽߁㧕ߣߔࠆࠎߢߔࠃ㧚 ታ㓙ߦḴࠍ߃ߚ⚻㛎߆ࠄ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߥ߆ߞߚน⢻ ᕈߦ᳇ߠߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ኅᣖߦ㓝ࠇߡᵞ ữ‛ࠍขࠅㄟߣ߁ᣣᏱߩᬺ߳ߣേᯏߠߌࠄࠇߚ ߎߣ߇ℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩ᳇ߠ߈߆ࠄ㧘᧪ߩ↢ᵴߩਛ ߢ㧘ᱠߡᵴേߔࠆ⥄ಽߩࠗࡔࠫࠍᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߥߞ ߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚∛೨ᒰߚࠅ೨ߛߞߚ߇㧘৻ᐲᄬߞߡ ߚᬺߩน⢻ᕈ߇ᓐᅚߩਛߦౣ߮↢߹ࠇߚ⍍㑆ߢ ࠅ㧘᧪ߣߩᵹ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚ⚻㛎ߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄ ࠇߚ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘⣖තਛߩ⊒એ᧪㧘ࡒ࠴߇༚ᄬߒߡ ߚⴕേߩᜰะᕈ߇࿁ᓳߒᆎߚ⍍㑆ߢࠆߣ߽⠨߃ࠄ ࠇࠆ㧚Ḵࠍ߃ߚߣ߁น⢻ᕈߩ᳇ߠ߈ߪ㧘ࡒ࠴ߦ⥄ േ⊛ߥᱠⴕߣ߁ㆇേࠍᣣᏱߩਛߢ➅ࠅߒታⴕߔࠆ ࠃ߁ߦଦߒ㧘ࠈࠈߥᬺߦᓥߒߡ㧘᧪ߣߩᯅ ᷰߒ㧘␠ળߣߩᯅᷰߒߣ߁ᗧࠆᬺߩᯏ⢻ࠍታ ߒߡߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ᧪ԙ ⋁ᵞት⸒㧦ࡒ࠴ߪኅᣖߣߩ↢ᵴߦᚯߞߚ ߇㧘ଐὼߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᄦ߿ᆷߦ㗬ࠅߦߐࠇߚࠅ㧘⋧⺣ࠍ ฃߌࠆߎߣߪߥߊ㧘৻✜ߦ⾈‛ߦⴕߞߡ߽㧘 ߡ⟎ޟ ߌ߷ࠅߣޠᗵߓߡߚߣࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߢߒߡߚ㧚 ߘߩࠃ߁ߥᣣᏱߩ⁁ᴫߢ㧘ࡒ࠴ߪᄕ㘩ᓟߦ⋁ᵞࠍᆎ ࠆߣት⸒ߒߚߎߣࠍߒߚ㧚 㧔ᄕᣇ㧘ኅᣖߪ㧕∋ࠇߡᏫߞߡ߈ߡ㧘 㧔⑳ߪ㧕ߦ߽ ߢ߈ߥ㧚ߓߞߣߒߡኅߦࠆዋߒߢ߽㧘߆㧘 㘩ߩ↪ᗧߢ߽ߒߣߞߚࠄ㧘ߜࠂߞߣߪᭉ߆ߥߣ ᕁߞߚࠎߢߔࠃ㧚߽ߢ߈ߥߌߤ㧘 ޟᓟ ઃߌߛߌߢ ߽⑳߇ߔࠆࠊޠ㧘ߣ߁ߎߣߢ㧔ᄕ㘩ᓟߩ⋁ᵞࠍ㧕ߒ ߒߚࠎߢߔ㧚 ߆ࠄᏫߞߚኅᣖߩ∋ࠇߚᖱ߇㧘ࡒ࠴ࠍ㧘ኅᣖ ߩߚߦ㧘⋁ᵞࠍߒࠃ߁ߣേᯏߠ߆ߖߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ ࠆ㧚ኅᣖߣ߁㧔⥄ಽએᄖߩ㧕ઁ⠪ߩሽ߇㧘ࡒ࠴ߩ ⴕേࠍߪߕ߹ߖߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ઁ⠪ߩ߿㧘ઁ⠪ ߩஜᐽᐘߩߚߦߣ߁േᯏߢ㧘ੱߪೝỗߐࠇ㧘 ⴕേߦଦߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠆߣ⽎ቇ⠪ߩ Levinas ߇ᜰ ៰ߒߚ 23)߇㧘ኅᣖߩஜᐽᐘߚߦ㧘ߣ߁േᯏ߇㧘 ߘࠇ߹ߢṛߞߡߚᓐᅚߩⴕേߩᜰะᕈࠍ⸃ߒ㧘ࡒ ࠴ࠍ⋁ᵞት⸒ߦዉߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ࡒ࠴ߩᄕ㘩ᓟߩ⋁ᵞߪ㧘ભߺߥߊ⛯ߚ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪ Ფᣣᄕ㘩ᓟ㧘ゞߔ߆ࠄ┙ߜ߇ࠅ 1 ᨎߩ⋁ࠍฝᚻߢ ᵞ㧘ᐳߞߡ߭ߣભߺߒ㧘ᰴߩ৻ᨎࠍᵞ߁㧘ࠍ➅ࠅ ߒߚ㧚ᓢߦޘ㧘┙ߩ⠴ਭᕈ߽ᡷༀߒ㧘৻ᐲ┙ߟߣᢙ ᨎߩ⋁ࠍᵞ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚⋁ᵞ߇ᣣ⺖ߦߥࠅ㧘 ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩ⥄േ⊛ߥᬺߦᄌൻߔࠆਛߢ㧘ࡒ࠴ߩᠲ ⊛ᜰะᕈߪᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩਛߢ㐿ߐࠇߡ 㧔࿁ᓳߒߡ㧕 ߞ ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ᧪Ԛ ᬺ≮ᴺᄖ᧪ߢߓ߾߇߽ࠍߊ㧦ࡒ࠴ߪ ⣖තਛ⊒એ㒠㧘⺞ℂߪߢ߈ߥߣᕁ㧘ኅᣖ߹߆ߖ ߦߒߡߚ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ߎߩߣ߈ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘⺞ℂߔࠆ⥄ಽ ߩࠗࡔࠫࠍឬߌߥ߆ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ᆷ߇ᬺ≮ ᴺ჻ߦ⋧⺣ߒ㧘ᬺ≮ᴺᄖ᧪ߢೋߡ⺞ℂߔࠆߎߣߦ ߥߞߚ㧚ࡒ࠴ߩㆬࠎߛ₂┙㧘ࠞࠍࠆߚߦ㧘 ᬺ≮ᴺ჻߇࠹ࡉ࡞ߩߦḰߒߚ㊉ઃ߈߹ߥ᧼ߣ൮ ৼ㧘ࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕࠍ⋡ߩ೨ߦߒߚᤨߩ⚻㛎ࠍ㧘ࡒ࠴ߪએ ਅߩࠃ߁ߦߒߚ㧚 㧔ࠞࠍࠆߚߦࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕࠍߊߎߣߪ㧕ࠊ ߆ߞߡߡ߽㧘ߤ߁߁㘑ߦߒߡ߆ࠊ߆ࠎߥࠊ ߌߢߔࠃ㧚൮ৼីߞߚߓ߾ߥߊߡ㧘ߤ߁߁߰߁ߦߒ - 41 － 41 － ߚࠄࠃ߆㧘⊹ߩ߈ᣇ߽ࠊ߆ࠄߥߒ㧘ߘ߁߆ߣ⸒ߞ ߡ㧘㊉ࠇߒߡߡ߽㧘ࠊ߆ࠎߥߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧚 వ↢߇᧪ߡߥࠎߎޟ㘑ߦ㧘ߒߡߪࠆࠃ㧘ߺࠎߥߪ㧚ޠ ߣ㧚 㧔ᬺ≮ᴺ჻ߪ㧘⋡ߩ೨ߢ㧘㊉ઃ߈߹ߥ᧼ߦࠫࡖࠟ ࠗࡕࠍೝߒ㧘ฝᚻߦᜬߞߚ൮ৼߢߡߖߚ㧚㧕 ߘࠇߢ㧘㧘ߘ߁ߥࠎߛߣ㧘ೋߡ㧘ߘߎߢߪ㧘 ൮ৼߢߚߩ㧚 Ꮐᚻ߇߃ߥߩߢ㧘ߓ߾߇߽ߪߌߥ㧘ᢱℂ ߪߢ߈ߥߣᕁߞߡߚࡒ࠴ߪ㧘 ᚻേߢߓ߾߇ ߽߇ߌࠆߣߎࠈࠍߡ㧘⥄ಽߢታ㓙ߦ߿ߞߡߺߡ㧘 ߘߩน⢻ᕈߦ᳇ߠߚ㧚ߎߩᤨߩࡒ࠴ߩ⚻㛎ࠍಽᨆߔ ࠆߣ㧘߹߹ߢ⍮ࠄߥ߆ߞߚౕߣࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕࠍ⋡ߩ ೨ߦߒߡ㧘߈ᣇ߇ࠊ߆ࠄߕߦ㧘࿎ߞߡߚ߇㧘ታ㓙 ߦᣂߒᣇᴺࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘㧘ߘ߁ߥ ࠎߛߣ㧘น⢻ᕈߦ᳇ߠ߈㧘⥄ಽ߇⺞ℂࠍߔࠆߣ߁ ᧪ߩࠗࡔࠫࠍᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚 ᬺ≮ᴺᄖ᧪ߩߓ߾߇߽߈ࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߦ㧘ࡒ࠴ ߪ㧘ᣣᏱ⊛ߦᢱℂࠍߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚ᆎߚᤨߪ㧘 ࡇࠍߞߚ⊹߈ߪਇེ↪ߥ߉ߎߜߥേ߈ ߛߞߚ߇㧘ᓟߦߪ㧘 ࠎߥࠎߘޟ㧘ࡇࡖࡇࡖߢߔࠊ㧚 ޠ ߣᓐᅚ߇ߔࠆߊࠄߦ⥄േ⊛ߥേ߈ߦߥࠅ㧘ᣣᏱ ⊛ߥ⺞ℂࠍน⢻ߦߒߚ㧚ࡒ࠴߇㧘ታ㓙ߦりࠍߞߡ ኻ⽎ߣᵹߒߚ⚻㛎ࠍㅢߒߡน⢻ᕈߦ᳇ߠ߈㧘↢ᵴߩ ਛߢߘߩᬺᓥ߇➅ࠅߐࠇ㧘⠌ᘠ⊛േߦߥߞߡ ߞߚߎߣ߇ℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚ᅹߍࠄࠇߡߚᠲ⊛ᜰะ ᕈߣⴕേߩᜰะᕈ߇⸃ߐࠇߚ⚻㛎ߛߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆ㧚 ᧪ԛ ખ㑆ߣߩᣏⴕ ࡒ࠴ߦߣߞߡ㧘ᖚ⠪ળߩ㓸߹ࠅ߿ᵴേߦෳടߔࠆߎ ߣߪ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻㛎ߛߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆㧚ߣߡ߽ᗧ ߩࠆ⚻㛎ߛߞߚߎߣ߇㧘એਅߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ߆ࠄࠊ ߆ࠆ㧚 ߶ࠄ㧘ߺࠎߥหߓ㓚ኂ⠪ߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧫⥄ ಽߛߌߓ߾ߥߊߡ⋧ᚻ߽߅ࠎߥߓりߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧚 ߛ߆ࠄ㧘⋧ᚻߩ᳇ᜬߜ߽ߛߚߎ߁ࠊ߆ࠆߒ㧚 ߺࠎߥ߇ߘ߁߁߰߁ߥࠇ߇ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ߥࠎߡ ߁ߩ߆ߥ㧘ή⨥ߥߎߣ߽⸒ࠊߥߒ㧚ߥࠎ߆ߒߡߡ߽㧘 ޟ㧘ߘࠇߢᄢਂᄦߛࠃ㧚ࠁߞߊࠅߒ߿㧚ߣޠ㧚 ⸒ߚߎߣ⸒ߞߡ߽ߺࠎߥ߇ߘࠇࠍฃߌᱛߡߊ ࠇࠆߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧚 ᳇ࠍࠊߥߊߡᷣ㧚ߺࠎߥߨ㧚 ᖚ⠪ળߩખ㑆ߣߩᵴേߪ㧘ᓐᅚߦޟᄢਂᄦޠ ߊߞࠁޟ ࠅޠ ޠࠆࠇࠄߣߌ߁ޟ 㧘ዬᔃߩࠃ㧘⚻㛎ߛߞߚߣ ℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߤ߁ߒߡߘࠎߥߦᗧߩࠆ⚻㛎ߥߩߛ ࠈ߁㧫ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߢ㧘ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘ᖚ⠪ળߩખ㑆ߣⴕߊ ࠣ࡞ࡊᣏⴕߣ㧘ஜᏱ⠪⋧ᚻߩ࠷ࠕߦᄦߣෳടߒߚ ᤨߩ⚻㛎ࠍኻᲧߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ⴕ߈ߚ࠷ࠕߦߟߡ ࠍߒߚ㧚ߘߎߦߪ㧘ᬺࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ⚻㛎ߩ⒁ኒ㧘ߟ ߹ࠅ㧘᧪ߩᬺࠍ↢ߺߔน⢻ᕈ߇ߛߐࠇߚ㧚 ߶ࠎߣߦ㧘ర᳇ߥੱߣ࠷ࠕߥࠎ߆ⴕߞߚࠄ㧘∋ ࠇ߹ߔ߽ࠎߨ㧚 ర᳇ߥੱߣ㧘⑳㧘࠷ࠕⴕߞߚࠎߢߔࠃ㧚߿ߞ߬ࠅ㧘 ᥉ㅢߩ࠷ࠕߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧚ᤨ߹ߢߦ㓸߹ࠇߣ⸒ ࠊࠇߚࠄ㧚㧚㧚ߺࠎߥߦㅅᖺ߆ߌߚࠄ߆ࠎߣ߁ߩ߇ ࠆ߆ࠄ㧚㧚㧚ᔅᱫߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧘ઃߡߊߩߦ㧚 ㅅᖺ߆ߌߚࠄ߆ࠎߣ߁ߩ߇ࠆ߆ࠄ㧚㧚㧚ਥੱ߽᳇ ࠍ߁ߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧫 ߎߎ㧔ᖚ⠪ળߩᣏⴕ㧕ߪߘ߁ߓ߾ߥ߆ࠄߨ㧚 ߎߎߦኻᲧߐࠇߚ㧘ੑߟߩᣏߩ㆑ߪߛࠈ߁㧫৻ ⇟⋡ߦߍߚᣏߪ㧘⥄ಽߩേ߈߇ߘߩ࠷ࠕߩㅦᐲߦ วࠊߕ㧘ᭉߒ߽ߥߊ㧘ᭉߒߥ߆ߞߚ㧚߽߁ ᧪ߦߘߩࠗࡔࠫࠍឬߌߥ߆ߞߚᬺߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ߽߁৻ߟߪ㧘⥄ಽߩᵴേߩ࠹ࡦࡐ߇วߞߡࠆ߆ࠄ㧘 ᧪ߩࠗࡔࠫ߇ឬߌࠆᬺߛߞߚ߆ࠄ㧘ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘ߘ ߎߦน⢻ᕈࠍߺߟߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ㧚 ߎߎߢ㗴ߦߐࠇߚᬺߩ․ᓽߪ㧘⥄ಽߩᵴേߩ࠹ ࡦࡐ߿࠭ࡓ߇㧘ઁ⠪ߩߘࠇߣว߁⚻㛎ߢࠆ㧚ߎߎ ߢࡒ࠴߇⚻㛎ߒߚᬺߪ㧘Csikszentmihalyi ߇␜ߒߚ㧘 ᚢߣࠬࠠ࡞߇ᜟ᛫ߔࠆࡈࡠ㧔ߘߩੱߩᦨᄢߩࠬ ࠠ࡞ࠍߞߡ⥄ಽߩᵴേߦᴚ㗡ߔࠆ㧕 ⚻㛎ߢߪߥߊ 24)㧘 ࠬࠠ࡞ߦචಽߥ߇ࠅ㧘ࠁߞߊࠅߒߚㅦᐲߩ㧘␠ ⊛ߥⷐ⚛߽ᬺ߇ߐࠇߡࠆ㧚ࡒ࠴ߪ㧘࠹ ࡦࡐ㧘࠭ࡓࠍߢ߈ࠆખ㑆ߣߩᬺࠍ⚻㛎ߒߡ㧘 ⥄ಽ߇ฃߌࠇࠄࠇ㧘ᔃᗵࠍࠊߞߡ㧘߹ߚ㧘ᣏⴕ ߦⴕߎ߁ߣ㧘᧪ߦᣏߔࠆ⥄ಽߩࠗࡔࠫࠍឬߊߎߣ ߇ߢ߈ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 りࠍߞߚᬺߩ⚻㛎ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘น⢻ᕈߦ᳇ߠ ߚߎߣ߇߈ߞ߆ߌߦߥࠅ㧘ⴕേߩᜰะᕈ߇᧪߳ߣะ ߆㧘ࡒ࠴ߪవߩᬺߩࠗࡔࠫࠍឬߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡߞߚߩߛࠈ߁ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚น⢻ᕈߩ ᳇ߠ߈ߦࠃߞߡ㧘ᒢߺ߇ߟߚᬺ߇㧘➅ࠅߒᓥ ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⠌ᘠ⊛⥄േ⊛ߥേ߈ߦߥߞߡ ߊߎߣߪචಽߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 - 4242－ － ౣ⛔ว㧦ࠈࠈߥᵴേߦෳടߒߡߪ㧘␠ળ⊛ߥ ⟎㧔ᓎഀ㧕ࠍ₪ᓧߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘᭴▽ߒߚᣂߒ↢ᵴߦ㧘 ࡒ࠴ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥᗧࠍᜬߚߖߡࠆߛࠈ߁㧫 3) ర᳇ߥߎࠈߪ㧘߹ߐ߆ߣᕁ߁ࠃ߁ߥੱߣ㧘ᖚ⠪ળߢ ߽㧘㆐߽ߺࠎߥߘ߁ߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧘ખ㑆߽ߨ㧘᥉ ㅢర᳇߿ߞߚࠄ㧘ߔࠇ㆑ߞߡ߽ࠊ߆ࠄߥੱ߫ߞ߆ࠅ ߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧚ߘࠇ߇㧘ߢߪ㧘ࠈࠎߥߎߣࠊ߆ ࠅวߞߡ㧘⍮ࠅวߞߡ㧘ኅᣖߣ߽ખ⦟ߊߥߞߚࠅߒߡ ࠆਛߢ㧘ᖚ⠪ળߢ߽㧘ߘ߁ߢߔߒ㧘ࠬࡐ࠷߽㧘߹ߐ ߆㧘ߎࠎߥߢ߈ࠆߥࠎߡᕁࠊߥ߆ߞߚߩ߇㧘᥉ㅢߦ߿ߞ ߡࠆߓ߾ߥߢߔ߆㧚 4) 㓚ኂ߇߽ߚࠄߒߚࠢࠗࠪࠬࠍਸ਼ࠅ߃㧘ᬺߦᓥ ߒߥ߇ࠄᣂߒ␠ળ⊛ሽߦߥߞߡߞߚ⚻㛎ࠍ㧘 㓚ኂ߇ㆇࠎߢ߈ߚੱߩߣޘળߣᭉߒߺߣ߁ᗧ ઃߌࠍߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ⚿⺆ 㓚ኂߦࠃࠅࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߦ㒱ߞߚੱߩᬺߩ ᄌൻࠍ㧘ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߩⷞὐߣᜰะᕈߩⷞὐߢಽ ᨆߒߚ㧚ߘߩੱߣ␠ળߣߩ㑐ଥߩᄌൻߣᒰߚࠅ೨ ߛߞߚᵴേ㧔りࠍㅢߒߡ㧘⥄േ⊛ߥേ߈ߣߒߡ⇇ ߣᵹߒߡߚᵴേ㧕 㧘 ⥄ಽߩᵴേߩࠗࡔࠫࠍㅢߒߡ ᧪߳ᵹߒߡߚᜰะᕈߩࠄ߆ߥᄌൻࠍߟߌߚ㧚 㓚ኂߦࠃࠆࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߦࠆੱߪ㧘ੑߟߩᵴ േߩᜰะᕈ߇ṛߞߡน⢻ᕈࠍᜬߡߥ⚻㛎ࠍߔࠆߣ⠨ ߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ᬺࠍㅢߒߡᣂߒ↢ᵴࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߚߦ ߪ㧘ࠗࡈࠢࠗࠪࠬߦࠆੱ߇㧘 ޟ㧘ߌࠆߓ߾ࠎޠ ߣ㧘᧪ߩࠗࡔࠫ߇ᶋ߆ࠎߢߊࠆࠃ߁ߥ㧘ᬺࠍត ߒ㧘ឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⍍㑆ߩߚ ߦ㧘ߘߩੱ߇⇇ߣᵹߔࠆߚߦ߃ࠆ⥄േ⊛ߥ ㆇേ㧘ߘߩੱߩ᧪ߩⴕേߣߒߡᶋ߆ࠎߢߊࠆᬺࠍ ߣ߽ߦតߔദജ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩᬺ ߦߪ㧘ߘߩੱߩၭߞߚ↢ᵴผ㧘ᣣᏱߩᬺߩㅪ⛯ᕈࠍ ߟߥߋน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ㧚 ᢥ₂ 1) 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Change of occupation experienced by a stroke survivor ~Intentionality~ Etsuko Odawara1), Iku Tuji2) 1) Seirei Christopher University, 2) Osaka Health Science University To understand occupation in life crisis brought on by physical disability, I interviewed a woman with stroke and conducted a phenomenological analysis of her experience. After the stroke, her occupations had changed: operational intentionality (automatic behavior) and intentionality of action (action emerging for a purpose across time) were disrupted. Gradual occupational engagement in everyday life prompted awareness of the possibility to establish a new life, and intentionality of action. Through occupational engagement, her new life was established and intentionality increased. Also, ethical responsibility (behavior influenced by the other’s existence) was found to promote intentionality in life crisis after stroke. Key words: occupational engagement, phenomenology, probability, awareness - 44 － 44 －