Reーati。nship betWeen Pーasma and Egg Ch。ーester。ー C。ntents

Relationship
between
Contents
in
in
Plasma
Laying
the
Plasma
the
Age
Ⅱen,
IJeVel
Young
the
Changes
and
Cholesterol
of
icholesteroI
Egg
and
with
Chick
By
Ytlichi
The
that
high
level
of
the
genetic
only
to
level in New
sterol
level
of White
that
HARRIS
in eggs
No
study
cholesterol
hen.
The
has
content
plasma
present
study
was
eggs
of
lower
Mature
laying
hens
Fl),
White
Rocks
(WR-A
and
New
Hampshires
of
(NH-C
the
of
of
atbero-
the
on
However,
bag
been
et
studied
as
undertaken
and
noted
to
be
of the
stable
eggs.
of
cholesterol
through
the year,
Using
dams.
signi色cant
obtained
from
test
preliminary
strain
between
relationship
egg
successive
0.30.
yolk
within
fat
that
the
the
to
same
select
a
levels.
cholesterol
White
described
two
found
a
chole-
in
(1960)
in the
chole-
serum
and
was
the
serum
of age
daughters
al.
the
measured
level
hen
same
for
estimated
the
between
that
and
and
Leghorns
Methods
(WL-F
and
-D
Cornishes
strains), White
appropriated
strain) were
chole9terOI
Agriculture
(1960)
was
content
of the
cholesterol
however,
been
on
reported,
in the
Department
trait
EDWARDS
chickens,
the
between
stated
contaiI〕-
diets
workers･
chicken
of 0.42
al.
that
the
found
were
Materials
relation
et
reported
from
obtained
of
yielding
of
the
diet
a
or
agents
number
in
beritability
this
of
(1958)
difEerences
for
a
(1943)
cockerel
the development
is
animals
KATZ
fed
at 6-9 weeks
chicks
were
dam-families
between
WILCOX
breeds
differences
and
various
level
CEERMS
Leghorn
continuously
significant
a
heritability
the
and
various
rep9rted
Hampsbires.
differences
and
DAUBER
with
of
by
cholesterol
(1955) estimated
sterol
years
of
extent.
BロMGARDNER
slgnificant
effects
laboratory
species
of the
associated
the
were
the
on
effect
limited
a
was
on
studies
in birds
level
cholesterol
凸ock
different
and
cholesterol
Later,
sclerosis.
but
man
to the
hypercholesteremia.
related
the
increase
in the serum
cholesterol
closely
ing
in
atherosclerosis
SAEKI*
-D
content
in the
plasma
to
and
strains
and
(WC-M
estimate
that
their
strain),
the
in the
cor-
egg.
LThe
commercial
standard
ration
tap
and
fed
were
water
libitum
ad
for
all
breeds.
-the
The
-were
plasma
young
from
The
chick
young
The
plasma
the
二and
-result
sulfosalicylic
with
HARRIS
12-15
for
･Legg boiled
in左50
placed
altered.
method
for
adopted
by
mg
_pressed
per
based
fCOmputed
and
g
its
on
and
hen･
those
and
by
mg
at
625m〃.
then
FISHER
and
the
sample
and
ZuRKOWSKI's
whole
ex-
and
again,
a
LE-
of
(2:1)
the
i.n
yolk
yolk
applied
level
total
a
the
and
albumen
cholesterol,
was
acid(2),
to
chloroform-methanol
yolk
was
The
Two-gram
separated･
several
plasma
of
yolk
method
the
sulfuric
of
methods
the
reagent
dl
per
cholesterol
yolk,
color
and
adju･sted
the
of
to
among
a
as
anhydride(13)
with
plasma
the
of
in
obtained
solution
extracted
the
laying
according
was
result
carefully
mlflask
determination
the丘nal
For
determined
combining
WILCOX
(1963). The
were
minutes
hen
the
puncture.
the
and
uniform
non-laying
･the wi咽Vein
expressed
by
rooster,
collected
spectrophotometer
determided
provide
from
acid(7),acetic
a
the
with
best
was
the
contents
cholesterol
to
compare
I,iebermann-Burchard
content
(1957) and
in
was
the
which
mixing
was
heart
of
day
same
those
were
content
The
℃bolesterol
i1964)
by
by
(1964)
measured
,was
adult
cholesterol
cholesterol
VEILLE
determined
to
tried.
-methods
by
levels
bird
measurement
the
on
cholesterol
drawn
chick
ZuRKOWSKI
-made
also
the
ben
same
plasma
in
for the
samples
the
w､ere
￣Blood samples
二in the
egg
､and
obtained
･condition.
Lot
SAEKI
Y.
･S
yolk
was
weight.
Results
Plasma
hens
involving
These
The
levels
New
tin the
The
sex
rooster
all
rbeing
in the
the
51.8%
but
difference
breeds,
of
the
in
former
multiple
the
in.the
non-laying
were
159.8 mg/dl
pl･asma
higher
not
and
(non-laying
On
the
in
the
factor(s).
of
the
in
the
hen.
laying
latter,
the
183.3/180.8mg/dl
hen)
and
･141.3mg/dg
significant.
cholesterol
contrary,
data
breeds
out
level
is
shown
than
the
values
sigrli丘cantly
(P<.01) lower
88.1 and 170.1mg/dl,
averaging
respectively,
latter.
D
the
the
of
genetic
those
Le-
while
among
in
than
Fl),
and
White
sampled
that
with
(WL-D
by
hen
of
differences
strain
in月,uenced
compared
group
was
be
test)
laying
of
variance
range
strains
170
level,
of
slgnificant
Leghorns
difference
FI Strain
Analysis
trait may
was
averaging
this
showed
this
level
in the
Hampsbires,
-(laying hen),
that
Hampshires
150.9/131.5mg/dl
･e.g.,
(Duncan's
particularly
cholesterol
and
一The plasma
'The
results,
New
The
and
total
a
(193.0±12.7mg/dl)
(117.1±7.6mg/dl).
suggest
plasma
Leghorns
cholesterol
highest
the
breeds
of several
level
in
155.8±52.4mg/dl.
was
differences
Leghorns,
White
average
lowest
the
strains.
rand
breeds
signi丘cant
showed
The
represented
(WL-D)
･strain
1.
4
(WしF)
ghorns
Ⅳin
Table
in
hens
laying
in
contents
cholesterol
given
.are
levels
cholesterol
Plasma
the
plasma
cholesterol
in
Table
laying
the
2.
her
former
level
in
Plasma
Group
Egg
and
Table
i.
Breed
and
Cholesterol
Plasma
Contents
in
the
contents
of
laylng
cholesterol
no.
of
ben
strain
Laying
!
grade
r
J
A
WL-F
∃
B
WLD
i
〉
E
40
A
138.7±
7.5
1 34.1
53
B
』
164.7±
5.0
i
130.
WC-M
15
B
F
NH
15
A
170
White
Legborn
WR:
White
Rock
WC:
White
Cornish
NH:
New
2,
Sex
i
22.2
1±14.0
41.8
180.8±11.7
25.1
155.8±52.4
33. 6
multiple
test
range
level
Groups
error
plasma
of
nO,
group
A
in
i
male
the
are
not
adult
signi一
%
level.
and
young
each
birds.
(mg/dl)
group
J
a
!
77. 0
10
at
content
cholesterol
age
strain
lines
different
levels
cholesterol
Breed
by
joined
点cantly
of variability
differences
and
29.2
level
1%
5%
Coe氏cient
34.1
Groups
Hampsbire
Standard
Table
Duncan's
Mean
S,E.:
±S.E･]
7.6
E
C.Ⅴ.:
[M
(%)
117,1＋
WR-A,
M:
_】 ー-
B
D
WL:
C.Ⅴ.
content
(mg/dl)
::i
WL-Fl
Average
cholesterol
193, 0＋12.7
C
D
hens.
B
l
1
Chicken
female
nO,
(laying)
193.
27
0
1
WC-M
B
10
C
5
D
4
84. 6
1
b
115.6
180. 8
48
166. 4
1.5
130. 1
ユ.05
170. 1
10
93.9
9
105.2
1
c
90.4
15
d
l
l
Average
29
88,1
WL
10
98,9
e
≡
i.20. 1
f
1
1
cllick
WR
■
(8 wks･)
19
Average
Duncan's
108. 9
mu_1til〕1e
19
[
99.2
test
range
Note
13:o'1evel
l..
i
Adult
5%
2.
In
the
male
There
adult
i
C
5%
chick
group,
E
and
chick
existed
a
female
d
b
c
a
level
significant
difference
at
the
5%
level
ど.
and
existed
there
level
Adult
level
between
3-
1.%
D
A
a
highly
significant
difference
between
sexes
included
the,
10
Y.
Table
3･
Weekly
changes
of
SAEKI
plasma
in
cholesterol
the
young
female
male
age
1
day
1
wk.
r
grOup
no･
A
10
506. 3
10
568. 5
13
224, 8
21
131. 6
i,0
90.7
10
93. 9
2
C
5
D
8
chick.
l
二さ7[1
Duncan's
i.%
d
98. 9
`【￣￣l
10
multiple
test
range
(male)
level
mg/dl
5
89.9
E
”
114.
nO.
group
-g/dl
(female)
grOup
5%
level
mg/d1
500
∧
/I
＼
′
＼
I
､＼
､､ト
I
＼′一
400
I
r-
q)
>･
1)
臥
I■■lllll■
(〇
岳 300
.
(凸
q)
l■1一■
(⊃
A
O
∼
良
200
ヽ
--一合
＼
-%
＼
＼
--一合♀average
100
0
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10days
age
Fig.
1.
Daily
changes
of
plasma
cholesterol
levels
in the
chick.
Plasma
the
young
males
it is
the
8 weeks
at
chick
in
than
females,
interesting
an
age
among
determination
period,
weekly
differences
significant
8 weeks
to
being
age.
in the
506.3mg/dl
these
age
of
of
values
daily
measured
in
shown
1.
Although
Yolk
level
cholesterol
The
yolk cholesterol
162
and
eggs
at
White
the
level
are
strains
from
taken
differences
5%
and
4.
per
in
for
from
Cholesterol
g
the
of
Table
4.
and
White
･
no.
and
strain
the
group
16
13. 7±0.
WL-Fl
40
14.4±0.
50
WC-M
15
NH
i.5
Duck
Quail
are
during
the
chick.
yolk
in
some
j上
measured
existed
signi丘cant
from
obtained
Eggs
highest
the
(WL-D)
New
and
duck
and
eggs.
quail
cholesterol
M±S.E.
group
(mg/whole
egg)
4
a
272.8±14.
51.
b
260. 6＋11.4
27
C
278.0＋
5.8
17.0±0.22
d
331.4十
5.0
ユ_5.5±0. 23
e
327.4±
3.7
F
13.8±0.39
f
268.1±
8.9
12
G
20.8＋0.32
ユ.6
冗
15.4＋0.74
Duncan's
range
multiple
510. 4j=13.
≡--】
l
47,6±
test
(per g)
level
level
Of
contained
(mg/g)
WL-D
5%
levels
changes
M±S.E.
used
15.1±0.68
grOup
weeks
days
10
tO
level
strains.
chicken,
26
1%
5
of
eggs
D
level,
highest
Plasma
boiled
mean
hatching
After
up
there
Highly
13.8mg/g).
WL-F
WR-A,
The
growing
1.
after
the
Leghorns
yolk
Breed
just
age
production
the
signi丘cant
the
female.
hard
and
at
chick
Fig.
irregular
advanclng
meat
in
3 and
continulng
with
(13.7 and
contents
during
lOOmg/dl.
some
breeds
most
lowest
and
14.9mg/g,
was
those
the
showed
of age
appeared
breeds
among
below
to
descended
appropriating
(17.Omg/g),
Table
decreased
summarized
six
in the
568.5mg/dl
Especially,
(Duncan's test).
level
from
period
1 day
indicated
of
ir3
higher
little
highly
the
age
contents
level
Rocks
Hampsbires
levels
general
lユ
a
and
in Table
as
during
there
be
strains
cholesterol
were
day
to
female,
the
and
plasma
and
one
at
days,
breeds
at
abruptly
3-5
the
the
the
male
starting
Fig.
that
found
were
Chicks
Chicken
respectively.
level in the male
plasma
in
breeds
measurements
the
99.2mg/dl,
the
than
of the
daily
and
observed
and
that
in
Contents
was
age
108.9
higher
was
found
were
In the
of
being
phenomenon
1 week
of
differences
Cholesterol
Egg
and
B
F
C
A
H
(per
ET￣百
G
也
b
f
whole
a
egg)
c
e
d
g
4
1..4
Y.
12
The
cholesterol
level
from
(WL-D)
total
yolk,
ranging
yolk
cholesterol
in
cholesterol
of
the
260.6
levels
eggs
chicken,
in
duck
yolk
a
the
this
mg/
connection,
determined.
bigber
s唱ni丘cantly
indicated
quail
In
were
eggs
289.7
averaged
(WR).
quail
and
revealed
of the
whole
a
331A=mg/yolk
to
the
that
while
in
contained
duck
the
of
SAEKI
The
level than
level
approximate
that
to
the:
chicken.
Correlation
The
co(癖cient between
correlation
that
in the
was
attempted
egg
plasma
between
coe氏cient
was
yolk
estimated
a
with
5.
Table
the
Correlation
no
level
cholesterol
5.
slgni丘cant
between
coe氏cient
cholesterol
in
contents
levels
cholesterol
in Table
seen
as
interest,
great
egg
and
Although
plasma
this
and
and
problem
found
were
correlations
egg
the
in the
plasma
chicken.
r
Breed
nO
and
strain
cb.
dl
per
/c h.1pTi{g
;L一指
0. 080
50
0. 062
15
0. 633**
WC-M
1.5
NH
dl
per
yolk
82
wR-A,?_____,室
■
cb.
of
of
yolk
ー0.
019
-0.159
0. 089
].45
-0.
担聖/
of
per
-0.
181
**･･･P<.01
between
level
sterol
worth
F()r
be
going
purpose
breeds.
details.
of
re･ference,
there
the
and
egg
a
g
Some
of
yolk
resulted
the
between
in
the
value,
Hamp-
New
the
four
the
insigni丘cant
(＋0.22) in
correlation
White
correlations,
estiロ1ated
in
chole-
in
low
coefBcient･
was
production
high
the
negative
correlation
has
fairly
(＋0.63) between
correlation
lev′el per
the
the
estimated
occurred
high
event.
exceptional
into
cholesterol
The
correlation
that
and
plasma
an
level
plasma
exceLpt
the
the
of
to
seemed
not
A
characteristics.
dl
per
Cornishes
will
two
these
hens.
sbire
DiscussioA
lt has
this
and
PIPER
of
a
long
defective
and
cholesterol
et
(1956)
gene
al.
level
known
that
and
for the
(1960)
closely
HARRIS-JoNES
human
estimated
in the chicken,
is under
atherosclerosis
is
character
ORRILD
dominant
CEERMS
been
to
related
et
al.
atherosclerosis.
a
relatively
suggesting
high
a
the
the
(1957) con丘rmed
While,
the
presence
BuMGARDNER
beritability
possibility
in月.uence,
genetic
hypercholesteremia.
of
for
the
the
and
plasma
selection
for
plasma
this
production
are
no
in
Contents
13
Chicken
the
level
as
correlated
yielding
the
plasma
the
laying
earlier
the
of
cholesterol
content
by
The
present
study
chick.
hypotheses
these
to
be
can
the
measuring
was
nock
level
or
satis負ed
in
shown
highest
decreased
to
high
whole
level
laying
the
of
low
production.
Using
in
the
cholesterol
(GRUNDY
et
yolk
ing
of
the
As
indicated
the
chick
at
the
the
of
of 8 weeks･
age
that
days
10
until
the
exceeding
absorption,
al., 1969;
the
plasma
to
285mg%
the丘rst
the
with
baby
total
chick
amount
fact
that
SyLV宜N
it is necessary
of the
yielding
of
of
not
growing
egg
choleperiod
of
mecbanisms
fully de血ed
been
yet
1969).
infor皿ations,
chicken且ock
the
Furthermore,
have
and
the
there
the
changes
during
cycles.
BoRGSTRtiM,
eggs
in
that
level
complicated
itself, independently
these
reproductive
participates
'cholesterol
organs
sug-
mentioned,
the
on
cholesterol
plasma
excretion
and
and
cholesterol
it is incomprehensible
several
sexual
various
synthesis
higher
above
effects
the
(1954a, b) observed
and
The
as
rooster,
Nevertheless,
the
signi丘cantly
cholesterol
at 168 day-old,
and
the
egg.
some
probably
the
plasma
of
cholesterol
a
of
between
MoRI
course
Considering
the
time
hormone.
rats,
amounts
in
the
from
correlatiorlS
the
of
age
has
substance
steroid
that
days
compared
female
the
production
sterol
with
hen
this
in
appeared
84
at
coincided
that
function
(1957) reported
al.
l16mg%
period
gests
above
the
slgni丘cance
500mg/dl-
period･
growing
descended
physiological
levels
cholesterol
et
from
in
understand
cholesterol
low･
initial time
of the
a
yolk.
LEVEILLE
latter
the
if
even
the
selected,
in
prominently
experiment
Therefore,
the
levels
plasma
levels
1/5-i/6
to
during
vary
1 and'Table
3, the
hatching
time
those
and
It is difBcult
rose
greatly
Fig.
at
then
retains
levels
cholesterol
the
the
at
determine
to
However,
not･
the
Plasma
level
level
plasma
undertaken
initial expectation･
the
result contradicting
lower
levels
indicating
was
of plasma
cholesterol
be
by
in the egg
laid
always
tbis且ock
will not
to
a
yolk
less
of
age
whether
age,
the
eggs
it is desirable
level
Lther cholesterol
select for the low
in the young
the
chick
represents
cholesterol
level
is
highly
hen, and
the plasma
cholesterol
level,
be possible
to
indirectly
it may
select
a且ock
If
with
betweenqy
relationships
performances,
in
of cholesterol.
same
and
Cholesterol
th､at-there
some
and
in
Egg
character.
Assumlng
led
and
less
to
plasma
amount
take
much
for
content,
of
of
account
the
breed-
cholesterol･
Summary
Tbe
possibility
present
to
study
select
was
a且ock
as
undertaken
eggs
producing
a
preliminary
contained
test
less
to.explore
amount
of
the
chole-
sterol.
Plasma
samples
of 280
hens
of
several
breeds
and
their
162
eggs
were･
14
Y.
for
used
by
the
the
both
determination.
cholesterol
fed
were
water
libitum.
ad
standard
cholesterol
content
plasma
by
FISHER
the
yolk
tap
and
was.determined
by
cholesterol
LEVEILLE
and
ration
(1957)
combining
HARRIS
and
and
(1963).
Average
plasma
there
and
mg/dl,
The
existed
in也e
than
that
little higher
lower
level
cholesterol
both
male
day,
one
500mg/dl),
(strains)
was
breeds.
The
ranging
from
No
total
and
whole
of
of
age
(above
10
to
up
age.
from
breeds
six
found
were
yolk
the
among
289.7 mg/yolk,
averaged
likely
based
of cholesterol
level
the yolk
and
to
found
was
coefBcient
hen
laying
not
in
content
correlation
estero1 level
Therefore,
it is
differences
a
age
obtained
samples
the
331.4mg/yolk.
to
in the
yolk
significant
cholesterol
260.6
in the
a
w′as
level
advancing
till 8 weeks
strains.
it
signi丘cantly
highest
the
with
decreasing
level
14･9mg/g,
At
a
i.e., 88.1mg/dl.
descended
gradually
and
hen,
manifested
abruptly
cholesterol
signi丘cant
amount
level
the
among
155.8±52.4
was
breeds
and
laying
chicks
hen
averaged
159.8mg/dl,
indicated
The
rooster
hen.
the
female
thereafter
of age,
Tbe
mean
laying
than
and
the
and
hen
non-laying
laying
the
differences
significant
in the
in
content
cholesterol
level
plasma
days
commercial
(1964) and
methods.described
WILCOX
The
The
ZuRKOWSKI
of
method
SAEKI
select
in the
the
plasma
laid
egg
by
chol･
the
same.
less
eggs
producing
containing
level in the young
chick.
aflock
the
upon
between
plasma
References
B口MGARDNER,
H.L.
(1959)
Studies
:
the
CIiERMS,
of
cholesterol
from
Cherms
et alリ1960,
F.L.,
F.H.
WILCOX,
C.S.
and
DAUBER,
cbolesterol
D･V･
and
Arch.
in
L.N･
the
DRIGGERS,
J･C･
V.
and
FISIiER,
H.
JoNES
levels
R･
(1964)
a
over
G･A･
and
linolenic
acid
Pb.
SHAFFNER
D,
and
of
Md.
cited
Gen占ticstudies
of
‥
Sciリ39,
Experimental
iodine
thesis,口niv.
(1960)
Poultry
(1943):
levels
bound
protein
serum
889-892.
in
atherosclerosis
the
chick.
473-492.
DEAN
of
LEVEILLE
(1957)
eggs
cholesterol
Poultry
Sciリ43,
Observations
:
on
by
in且uenced
as
Studies
(1960)‥
or
and/
dietary
time.
of
content
of
breeds
various
Effect
:
period
CARMON
J･L･
and
from
content
of eggs
cholesterol
Poultry
Sci., 39, 487-489.
esterol
serum
cbicken.
chicken.
KATZ
Path.,レ36,
Ⅱ･M･,
EDWARPs,
level
the
on
levels
serum
the
on
strains
serum
of
and
the
on
chickens.
egg
chol-
877-879.
1inoleic
cholesterol,
dietary
fats.
The
interaction
and
∫. Nutrition,
63,
119-129.
GRUNDY,
S,MリE.H.
absorption
HARRIS-JoNES,
AHRENS
and
and
cholesterol
∫.NリE.G.
JoNES
tial hypercholesterolaemia.
HARRIS,
P.C.
and
3了,1210.
WILCOX
some
pbenotypic
DAVIGNON
(1969)
in
synthesis
Studies
correlations
Studies
:
on
egg
in
(1957) :
272,
on
yolk
a
:
∫.Lipid
man.
P.G.
WELLS
and
Lancet,
The
(1958)
(1963a) :
and
and
ど.H･
J･
Resリ川,
of cholesterol
304-315.
Ⅹanthomatosis
andessen-
855-857.
egg
yolk
cbolesterol･
randombred
Poultry
cbolesterol･
1･
Genetic
population.
S°i.,
variation
Poultry
Sciリ
Plasma
Egg
and
Cholesterol
in
Contents
15
Chicken
the
42, 178J.82.
Poultry
cholesterol.
丸EVEILLE,
G･,
H･
FIS=ER
production
Med.,
E･
Changes
the
II.
(1954b):
L.
J･ and
C･
egg
yolk
3.
cholesterol.
Effect
dietary
of
(1.957):
levels
in
Relationshipbetween
the
chicken.
of
onset
Proc.
Exp.
Soc.
egg
Biol･
and
B.
and
P.
reagent.
Changes
(especially
life.
Sciリ24,
ORRILD
Am.
esterol
ZuRKOWSKI,
lipids
sexual
cholesterol
1.. Changes
of
in
lecithin)
and
cholesterol
in
the
male
the
rat
J･
rats.
19G･-193.
of
in
cholesterol
female
the
rats.
∫.of
丁ap.
Zootecb.
and
xantbo･
30-35.
matosis.
ニSyLV丘N,
WEISS
cholesterol
of
normal
丁ap. Zootech.
Sciリ25,
軌pER,
plasma
on
42, 186-1.89.
H.S.
and
and
during
of
S°i.,
94, 383-384.
(1954):
-MoRI,
Studies
(1963c) :
and
(1956):
∫.Medリ21,
BoRGSTROM
Clin.
:
A
rapid
Chemリ10,
familial
bypercholesterole皿ia
34-46.
(1969)
in
sistosterol
(1964)
Essential
the
:
rat.
method
451-455.
Absorption
J.
for
Lipid
and
Res.,
cholesterol
lymphatic
transport
of
chol-
10, 179-1.82.
determination
with
a
single