産業技術大学院大学紀要

ISSN 1882-4021
産業技術大学院大学
紀
要
Bulletin of
Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology
第６号
2012 年 12 月
産業技術大学院大学
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6 （2012）
目
論
次
文
スマートシティにおけるプライバシー影響評価の適用に関する考察 ····· 瀬
戸
洋
一
超音波振動と低周波振動を用いた溶接残留応力の低減 ················· 越
水
重
臣
勝
実
09
敏
015
021
································································································ 青
木
································································································ 栗
田
国内の技術特性から見るイノベーションの阻害要因に関する基礎的考察 ·· 吉
田
NSBroker: インターネット上での対話型通信基盤 ···················· 秋
口
忠
三
ゲーミフィケーションに基づく達成度提示型ものづくり系技術伝承 WBL ·· 橋
本
洋
志
································································································ 田
端
秀
輝
ヒトの概日リズムが照明環境の評価へ与える影響 ····················· 中
島
瑞
季
································································································ 横
井
聖
宏
································································································ 山
中
敏
正
小型ロボットを利用した簡易型 RSNP ロボットサービス開発環境の構築 ·· 成
田
雅
彦
································································································ 加
藤
由
花
································································································ 土
屋
陽
介
チーム設計による 3D-CAD/RP の実務教育 ··························· 舘
野
寿
丈
································································································ 橋
繁
本
洋
志
································································································ 佐々木
信
夫
································································································ 吉
岡
秀
明
································································································ 栗
原
統計的なデータ分析による問合せ結果の自動的な構造化 ··············· 慎
001
037
043
053
宏
061
祥
揆
067
ラスト・モダンにおける近代化の「圧縮」戦略（発展戦略）
開発主義と二つの共発主義 ······································ 前
田
充
浩
075
高圧下のせん断による新素材の作成 ································· 管
野
善
則
087
自律的な学習における目標と手段の調査 ····························· 網
代
剛
093
Home Continuity Plan サービスに関する
平成 23 年度 AIIT-PBL の成果から ································· 川
田
誠
································································································ 田
村
百合子
································································································ 西
垣
勇
································································································ 三
好
きよみ
································································································ 黄
································································································ 加府藤
海
一
人
蘭
茂
101
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6 （2012）
プライバシーアウェアネスに向けたソーシャルメディアの
プライバシー侵害分析 ············································· 嶋
総
田
茂
107
説
RSNP を利用したロボットサービスコンテストの開催報告 ············· 土
屋
陽
介
······························································································· 加
藤
由
花
······························································································· 成
田
雅
彦
情報アーキテクチャ専攻における PBL 環境と学修支援 ················ 土
屋
陽
介
······························································································· 長
尾
雄
行
祥
揆
121
義
夫
127
······························································································· 慎
115
日本が世界に誇れることについての考察 ····························· 戸
沢
自動車のデザインと設計開発における感性価値 ······················· 小
山
登
133
大規模プロジェクトの PM 養成 ····································· 酒
森
潔
137
研究速報
小規模ソフトウェアの効率的開発を実現する PBL 教材の開発 ·········· 小
山
裕
司
······························································································· 中
鉢
欣
秀
143
俊
甫
147
中国の電動自転車産業に関する一考察 ······························· 陳
ナビゲーション関数を用いた視覚フィードバック制御の
目標値生成に対する一考察 ········································· 村
尾
俊
幸
······························································································· 河
合
宏
之
153
離散凸最適化アルゴリズムの応用について ··························· 森
口
聡
子
159
遠隔ワークショップを介した防災まちづくりの
支援環境に関する実践報告 ········································· 佐々木
一晋
······························································································· 脇
田
理
人
······························································································· 山
家
京
子
165
フリーハンド・スケッチによる形態の操作と展開 ····················· 福
田
哲
夫
171
赤ちゃんの駅などの子育て支援施設のための什器の開発 ··············· 國
澤
好
衛
······························································································· 岡
本
和
久
······························································································· 栗
原
佑
治
······························································································· 髙
橋
大
輔
······························································································· 田
島
······························································································· 冨
田
郁
成
183
PBL における協創型ソフトウェア開発モデルへのアプローチ ··········· 中
鉢
欣
秀
189
薫
Bulletin of Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology No.6 （2012）
CONTENTS
Regular Papers
Study on the application of the privacy impact assessment
in the Smart City ················································ Yoichi Seto
001
Reduction of Residual Stress Using Low Frequency
and Ultrasonic Vibrations ········································ Shigeomi Koshimizu
································································································ Shigeru Aoki
································································································ Katsumi Kurita
009
Fundamental Study of Weak Points for Innovation
In Japanese Technological Mechanism ····························· Satoshi Yoshida
015
NSBroker: Interactive Communication Base on The Internet ········· Chuzo Akiguchi
021
WBL on Technical Transfer in NODZUKURI with Present
of Achievement Based on Gamification ····························· Hiroshi Hashimoto
································································································ Hideki Tabata
037
The Effect to Evaluation of Lighting Environment
by Human Circadian Rhythm. ····································· Mizuki Nakajima
································································································ Takahiro Yokoi
································································································ Toshimasa Yamanaka
043
A Simple RSNP Robot Service Developement Environment
using Small-scale Robots ········································· Masahiko Narita
································································································ Yuka Kato
································································································ Yosuke Tsuchiya
053
Practical training of 3D-CAD/RP with team design ·················· Toshitake Tateno
································································································ Hiroshi Hashimoto
································································································ Nobuo Sasaki
································································································ Hideaki Yoshioka
································································································ Hiroshi Kurihara
061
Automatic Structuring Query Results by Statistical Data Analysis ···· Sang-Gyu Shin
067
Developmental Strategies, as 'Compressing' Methods of
Modernization in the Last Modern Era: Developmentalism
and Two Models of Co-developmentalism ··························· Mitsuhiro Maeda
075
Creation of the new materials under high pressure shear stress ······ Yoshinori Kanno
087
A Research of the Purposes and Methods for Autonomous Learning ··· Tsuyoshi Aziro
093
Bulletin of Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology No.6 （2012）
Some Results of AIIT-PBL in 2011 about the
Home Continuity Plan Services ···································· Seiichi Kawata
······························································································· Yuriko Tamura
······························································································· Hayato Nishigaki
······························································································· Kiyomi Miyoshi
······························································································· Hailan Huang
······························································································· Shigeru Kafuto
101
Privacy Invasion Analysis of Social Media for Privacy Awareness······ Shigeru Shimada
107
Review Papers
Report of Robot Service Contest Using RSNP ······················· Yosuke Tsuchiya
······························································································· Yuka Kato
······························································································· Masahiko Narita
115
PBL environment and facilitation of learning in the
Information Systems Architecture Division ························· Yosuke Tsuchiya
······························································································· Takeyuki Nagao
······························································································· Sanggyu Shin
121
Investigation on what Japan can be proud of in worldwide ··········· Yoshio Tozawa
127
Kansei Value in an Automobile Design ····························· Noboru Koyama
133
Project Manager Education for Large projects ······················· Kiyoshi Sakamori
137
Short Notes
A Design of PBL Material for Efficient Software Development ········ Hiroshi Koyama
······························································································· Yoshihide Chubachi
143
A Study on Electric Two-Wheelers Industry in China ················ Junfu Chen
147
A Study on Path Planning for Visual Feedback Control via Navigation· Toshiyuki Murao
······························································································· Hiroyuki Kawai
153
The Application of Discrete Convex Optimization Algorithms ········· Satoko Moriguchi
159
Development of Community-based Workshop for Disaster Mitigation
with Remote Supporting Tools ····································· Isshin Sasaki
······························································································· Masato Wakita
······························································································· Kyoko Yamaga
165
Idea generation for form used Freehand sketch ····················· Tetsuo Fukuda
171
Bulletin of Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology No.6 （2012）
Furniture Design in Facilities for Parents companied
with Small Child ················································ Yoshie Kunisawa
································································································ Kazuhisa Okamoto
································································································ Yuji Kurihara
································································································ Kaoru Tajima
································································································ Daisuke Takahashi
································································································ Ikunari Tomita
183
An Approarch to Co-creative Software Development Model in PBL ···· Yoshihide Chubachi
189
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.1－7 （2012） 〔論文〕
䝇䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛾㐺⏝㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
䛻㛵䛩䜛⪃ᐹ㻌
℩ᡞ㻌 ὒ୍㻌
Study on the application of the Privacy Impact Assessment
in the Smart City
Yoichi Seto
Abstract
The Smart City project is currently being promoted in various countries around the world. That is to
take advantage of personal information and utilization of energy more appropriately. Therefore䠈 it
is said that when there are privacy issues. However䠈 it specifically discuss the privacy risks in the
specific project of Smart City is premature. We discuss the privacy risks around the smart grid
standardization advances which technology is the core of the Smart City. In this paper, we have
verified the effectiveness of the Privacy Impact Assessment, such as privacy risks in Smart City.
Keywords:㻌 Personal information protection law, Privacy Impact Assessment, Risk management,
Smart City䠈Smart Grid
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛾᭷ຠ฼⏝䜔 㻵㼀 䜢฼⏝䛧䝷䜲䝣䝇䝍䜲䝹䛾ኚ
㠉䜢┠ᣦ䛩䝇䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿䠈⌧ᅾ䠈ୡ⏺ྛ
ᅜ䛷᥎㐍୰䛷䛒䜚䠈≉ᐃ䛾䝇䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䛴
䛔䛶䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䜢ලయⓗ䛻ㄽ䛨䜛䛾䛿᫬ᮇᑦ᪩䛷
䛒䜛㻚䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䠈ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䝇䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䛾୰᰾ⓗ䛺ᢏ
⾡䛷䛒䜚䠈ᶆ‽໬䛜㐍䜐䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䜢୰ᚰ䛻䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅
䞊䝸䝇䜽䜢ㄽ䛨䜛㻚㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䛸䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾ၥ
㢟䛿䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛ୖ䛷㔜せ䛺䝔䞊䝬䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛
䠷䠍䠹㻚䛴䜎䜚䠈Ⓨ㟁䛛䜙㏦㟁䞉㓄㟁䛻䛔䛯䜛㟁ຊ⣔⤫䜔ไᚚ
ᶵჾ䜢᝟ሗ䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛸⤫ྜ䛧㐠⏝䛩䜛♫఍䜲䞁䝣䝷ᶵჾ
䛿䝃䜲䝞䞊ᨷᧁ➼䛾᝟ሗ䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱ୖ䛾䝸䝇䜽䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩㻚㻌 㻌
౛䛘䜀䠈⣔⤫ไᚚ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾஌䛳ྲྀ䜚䠈⹫ഇ䛾ไᚚ᝟ሗ
䛻䜘䜛⣔⤫ΰ஘䠈㻰㻰㼛㻿䠄㻰㼕㼟㼠㼞㼕㼎㼡㼠㼑㼐㻌 㻰㼑㼚㼕㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻿㼑㼞㼢㼕㼏㼑㻕ᨷᧁ
䛻䜘䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇ጉᐖ䞉೵Ṇ䛸䛔䛳䛯ᨷᧁ䛿䝷䜲䝣䝷䜲䞁䛾⥔
ᣢ䛻䛸䛳䛶㔜኱䛺஦ែ䜢ᣍ䛟ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛㼇㻞㼉㻚㻌
䜎䛯䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䜢௓䛧䛯ᾘ㈝⪅䛾㟁ຊ౑⏝㔞➼䛾
ಶே᝟ሗ䛾ὶฟ䛻䜘䜛䝥䝷䝞䝅䞊౵ᐖ䛾ᠱᛕ䜒኱䛝䛺ၥ㢟
䛸䛧䛶ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚⏕ά⎔ቃ䛾䛔䛯䜛䛸䛣䜝䛻ྛᐙᗞ䛾
䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊౑⏝≧ἣ䜢┘ど䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍
䇷䛺䛹䛾ᶵჾ䛜タ⨨䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ಶ䚻ே䛾⏕ά᝟ሗ䛜䝛
䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽ୖ䛻ὶฟ䛩䜛༴㝤ᛶ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛㻚䛣䜜䜙䛾ၥ㢟䛿
ᚑ᮶䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛧䛶㆟ㄽ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯⠊ᅖ䜢㉸䛘䛯
᪂䛯䛺ၥ㢟䜒⏕䜏ฟ䛩༴㝤䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾⪃
Received on August 6, 2012
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology䠈 AIIT
䛘᪉䜢ᩚ⌮䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ၥ㢟䜢⪃䛘䜛㝿䛾ᡭ
ἲ䛸䛧䛶䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝞䜲䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾⪃䛘᪉䛸䠈䛭䛾᭷ຊ䛺
ホ౯ᡭἲ䛷䛒䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛾᭷ຠᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶
⪃ᐹ䛩䜛㻚㻌
㻞㻚䝇䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽㻌
㻞㻚㻝㻚㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛸䛿㻌
䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛸䛔䛖ゝⴥ⮬య䛿䠈᪥ᖖㄒ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈
ṇ☜䛻ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿㞴䛧䛔㻚౛䛘䜀䠈௨ୗ䛾どⅬ䛷䝥䝷䜲
䝞䝅䞊䜢䛸䜙䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠍䠅䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾ከ⩏ᛶ䠖㻌 ⏨ዪ䠈ᖺ௦䛺䛹䛷䜒␗䛺䜚䠈
」ᩘ䛾ゎ㔘䛜䛒䜛㻚䛺䛻䜢䜒䛳䛶䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊౵ᐖ
䛸ឤ䛨䜛䛛䛿ே䛻䜘䜚␗䛺䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠎䠅 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾ಶูᛶ䠖㻌 ᛶู䛿ྠ䛨䛷䜒ಶே䛾ㄆ
㆑䛻ᕪ䛜䛒䜛㻚䛹䛾⛬ᗘ䜢䜒䛳䛶䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊౵ᐖ
䛸ឤ䛨䜛䛛䛿ே䛻䜘䜚␗䛺䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠏䠅 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾ὶືᛶ䠖㻌 ၥ㢟䛾≧ἣ䛿䠈♫఍ⓗ
⫼ᬒ䠈ሙᡤ䛺䛹䛷ኚ໬䛩䜛㻚䛺䛹⪃៖䛩䜉䛝どⅬ䛜
䛒䜛㻚㻌
⌧௦♫఍䛿䠈䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䠄♫఍䛾Ᏻ඲ᛶ䠅䛸䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊
䛿䝊䝻䝃䝮䝀䞊䝮䛷䛒䜚䠈䛂Ᏻ඲䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䜢
ᡭᨺ䛥䛺䛟䛶䛿䛺䜙䛺䛔䛃䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘䜒䛒䜛㻚䛧䛛䛧䠈≢⨥䛻ᑐ
䛩䜛୙Ᏻឤ䛸䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻ᑐ䛩䜛Ᏻᚰឤ䛾䝞䝷䞁䝇䛜㔜
せ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ၥ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈
⡿ᅜ㻌 ᅜ❧ᶆ‽ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ 㻺㻵㻿㼀䠄㻺㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌 㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㻿㼠㼍㼚㼐㼍㼞㼐㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥䠅䛜䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻㛵䛩䜛䝃
2
瀬戸洋一
䜲䝞䞊䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䛚䜘䜃䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛ሗ࿌᭩䜢Ⓨ
⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛㼇㻟㼉㻚ヲ⣽䛿 㻞㻚㻞 ⠇䛷⤂௓䛩䜛㻚㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾ᬑཬ䛻క䛔䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛ᠱ
ᛕ஦㡯䛸䛧䛶䠈ಶே᝟ሗ䛾✼┐䠈ಶே䛾⾜ື䛾㏣㊧䠈䝸䜰
䝹䝍䜲䝮┘ど䛺䛹䜢ᣲ䛢䛶䛔䜛㻚➨୕⪅䛿䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗
⏝䛾ᶵჾ䛛䜙᝟ሗ䜢ධᡭ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᾘ㈝⪅䛾ಶேⓗ䛺⾜
ື䜔≧ែ䜢ᢕᥱ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛㻚㻌
౛䛘䜀䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䇷䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢➨୕⪅䛜ධᡭ䛧䛯ሙ
ྜ䠈㟁Ẽ〇ရ䜔㒊ᒇ䛾௙ᵝ≧ἣ䛜䜟䛛䜛䛯䜑䠈ᐙ䛜␃Ᏺ
䛛䛹䛖䛛䜒ศ䛛䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛㻚䜎䛯䠈➨୕⪅䛜་⒪ჾල䛾౑⏝
≧ἣ䜢ධᡭ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䛯䜑䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷ཝ㔜䛻⟶⌮
䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ၥ㢟䛜⾲䛻䛷䛶䛧䜎䛖㻚㻌
㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻜 ᖺ䛻⡿ᅜ䛷ᬑཬ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䛻῝้
䛺䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䝩䞊䝹䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯㼇㻠㼉㻚䛣䛾ሗ࿌䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈
୙ṇ౵ධ䛻䜘䜚䝯䞊䝍⟶⌮䜢ᶓྲྀ䜚䛧䠈䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䜢ኚ᭦䛩
䜛䛣䛸䛷௚ே䛾㟁ຊᩱ㔠䜢ኚ᭦䛩䜛᧯స䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸
䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
ᅗ 㻝 䛿䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾⡆᫆䝰䝕䝹䛷䛒䜛㻚䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅
䞊䝸䝇䜽䛾䜶䝸䜰䛸䛧䛶 㻟 䛴䛒䜛㼇㻝㼉㻚㻌
㻌
Ṇ䛩䜛ᙉ䛔ㄆドᢏ⾡䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
⡿ᅜ䛷䛿䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䛜ィ 䛩䜛㟁ຊ฼⏝᝟ሗ䜢ᾘ
㈝⪅䛻䝸䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮䛷ᥦ౪䛧䠈䛛䛴฼⏝⪅䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䜢
Ᏺ䜛䛣䛸䛜⩏ົ໬䛩䜛ἲ᱌䛜 㻞㻜㻝㻜 ᖺ 㻟 ᭶䛻⡿ᅜୗ㝔䛻ᥦ
ฟ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚ྠἲ᱌䛿䠈䛂㼑㻙㼗㼚㼛㼣㻔㻱㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼕㼏㻌㻯㼛㼚㼟㼡㼙㼑㼞㻌
㻾㼕㼓㼔㼠㼟㻌㼠㼛㻌㻷㼚㼛㼣㻕㻌㻭㼏㼠䛃䛸࿧䜀䜜䠈⡿ᅜ䛾ᾘ㈝⪅䛜㟁ຊ฼⏝
ᩱ䜔㟁ຊᩱ㔠䛾᫬㛫ኚ໬䜢䝸䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮䛷☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛ᶒ฼
䜢☜❧䛩䜛䛣䛸䠈䛭䛧䛶䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺㟁ຊ฼⏝᝟ሗ䜢ᾘ㈝⪅
䛜ᶵჾ䛷ㄞ䜑䜛䜘䛖䛺䝣䜷䞊䝬䝑䝖䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ồ䜑䛶䛔䜛
㼇㻢㼉㻚㻌
2.2. ⡿ᅜ 㻺㻵㻿㼀 䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏㻌
⡿ᅜ䛷䛿䠈㻺㻵㻿㼀 䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛶䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗㛵㐃ᶵჾ䛾
㻵㼚㼠㼑㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥 ☜ಖ䛾᳨ウ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚㻞㻜㻝㻜 ᖺ 㻤 ᭶䛻
㻺㻵㻿㼀㻌㻵㻾㻌㻣㻢㻞㻤䠄㻳㼡㼕㼐㼑㼘㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻌㻳㼞㼕㼐㻌㻯㼥㼎㼑㼞㻌㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥䠅䜢
Ⓨ⾜䛧䛯䠷㻝㻝䠹㻚㻌
䛣䛾ᩥ᭩䛾┠ⓗ䛿௨ୗ䛾䠎Ⅼ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
䈄䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾᝟ሗ䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䜢ᢅ䛖ᅋయ䜈䜺䜲䝎䞁㻌
㻌 䝇䛾ᥦ౪㻌
䈄䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻㐺ྜ䛧䛯᝟ሗ䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱せ௳䛾⟇ᐃ㻌
㻌 䛻฼⏝䛧䛯ศᯒ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻㛵䛩䜛⫼ᬒ᝟ሗ䛾ᥦ౪㻌
㻌 ᮏᩥ᭩䛿ḟ䛾 㻟 㒊ᵓᡂ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
䐟 㼂㼛㼘䠊㻝㻦㻌 㻌 㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻌 㻳㼞㼕㼐㻌 㻯㼥㼎㼑㼞㻌 㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥㻌 㻿㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㼓㼥䠈㻌
㻭㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑䠈㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌㻴㼕㼓㼔㻙㼘㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌㻾㼑㼝㼡㼕㼞㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌
㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾඲య䜢䝤䝻䝑䜽䝎䜲䜰䜾䝷䝮䛷⾲⌧
䛧䛯 㻸㼛㼓㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌 㻾㼑㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌 㻹㼛㼐㼑㼘 䝧䞊䝇䛻䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱せ
௳䛾㐺⏝䛾ᚲせᛶ䛾᭷↓䛜ᐃ⩏䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
䐠 㼂㼛㼘䠊㻞㻦㻌㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻌㻳㼞㼕㼐㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ၥ㢟䜢ᢅ䛳䛶㻌
㻌 㻌 䛔䜛㻚ෆᐜ䛾ᴫせ䛿ᚋ㏙䛩䜛㻚㻌
䐡 㼂㼛㼘䠊㻟㻦㻌 㻌 㻿㼡㼜㼜㼛㼞㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㻭㼚㼍㼘㼥㼟㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻾㼑㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼏㼑㼟㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 ୍㐃䛾⿵㊊ⓗ䛺ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䜔ཧ⪃᝟ሗ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜎䛸㻌 㻌 㻌
㻌 㻌 䜑䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䈄⬤ᙅᛶ䛾䜽䝷䝇ศ㢮㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠍㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛୺䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䈄䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥ศᯒ㻌
㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䈄◊✲㛤Ⓨ䝔䞊䝬㻌
䠄䠍䠅䜶䝸䜰䠍㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䈄㛵㐃つ᱁䛾䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾᪉㔪㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䇷䛻䜘䜚཰㞟䛥䜜䜛ᐙᗞ䛾㟁ຊᾘ㈝䝕䞊䝍
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䈄䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱᳨ウ䛾䜻䞊䛻䛺䜛䝴䞊䝇䜿䞊䝇㻌
䛜䝫䜲䞁䝖䛷䛒䜛㻚䝕䞊䝍䛿㟁ຊ౪⤥ഃ䜈㏦䜙䜜䜛㻚㟁ຊ౪
㻌 䛺䛹䜢ᥖ㍕䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
⤥ഃ䛿䛣䜜䜙䛾ಶே䝕䞊䝍䜢䝃䞊䝡䝇ᥦ౪⤌⧊䛻㌿㏦䛩䜛
㻺㻵㻿㼀㻌㻵㻾㻌㻣㻤㻞㻢㻌㼂㼛㼘㻚㻞 䛿䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ㄢ㢟䛻䛾䜏๭䛛䜜䛶
䛣䛸䜒䛒䜛㻚㻌
䛔䜛㼇㻟㼉㻚䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛㔜せ䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊᝟ሗ䛸
䝕䞊䝍㌿㏦䛿䠈᭷⥺䛾䜋䛛↓⥺䜢฼⏝䛩䜛ሙྜ䛜䛒䜛㻚䛣
䛧䛶䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䜔 㻴㻱㻹㻿䠄㻴㼛㼙㼑㻌 㻱㼚㼑㼞㼓㼥㻌 㻹㼍㼚㼍㼓㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌
䛣䛷䛾㌿㏦䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈䝕䞊䝍䛾⢏ᗘ䛻㛵ಀ䛧䝸䝇䜽䛜Ⓨ⏕
㻿㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙䠅䛛䜙཰㞟䛥䜜䜛ྛᐙᗞ䛾฼⏝⪅᝟ሗ䠄༢఩᫬㛫ᙜ
䛩䜛㻚౛䛘䜀䝝䝑䜹䞊䛒䜛䛔䛿ᝏព䛒䜛䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛻䜘䜚㌿㏦
䛯䜚䛾㟁ຊ౑⏝㔞➼䠅䛜䛒䜛㻚౛䛘䜀䠈ᅗ 㻞 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䝴䞊
୰䛾䝕䞊䝍䛜ഐཷ䛥䜜䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛㻚䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈ಶே᝟
䝄᝟ሗ䛻ྵ䜎䜜䜛䛂㟁ຊ฼⏝≧ἣ䛃䛛䜙䛿䠈ᐙᗞෆ䛾䝴䞊
ሗ䛿༴㝤䛻䛥䜙䛥䜜䜛㻚䛣䛾✀䛾䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇ᥦ౪⪅
䝄䛾⏕ά⾜ື䝟䝍䞊䞁䜔ᐙᗞෆタഛ䠄౛䛘䜀䠈ఫᏯ䛾᭷↓
䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪≢⨥⪅䛻䜘䛳䛶⯆࿡䛒䜛ᐙᗞ䛷䛾⾜ື䠈ᐙ᪘ᵓ
䜔㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䛾ᡤ᭷䛺䛹䠅䜢䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁䛷᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ
ᡂ䛸⤖䜃䛴䛡䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚㻌
⬟䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠎䠅䜶䝸䜰 㻞㻌
⾲ 㻝 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻䛛䛛䜟䜛᝟ሗ䛜䝇䝬䞊䝖
㟁ຊ఍♫䛺䛹䛻䜘䜚䠈㟁ຊᩱ㔠䜔ヲ⣽䛺ᾘ㈝᝟ሗ䜢ྵ䜐䠈
䜾䝸䝑䝗䜢௓䛧䛶ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚㻌
㢳ᐈ᝟ሗ䛾཰㞟䜔䠈฼⏝䠈㛤♧䛺䛹䜢㛵ಀ䛴䛡䛶䛔䜛㻚䛣䛾
䛣䜜䜙䛾᝟ሗ䛿䠈㏻ᖖ䛿㟁Ẽᩱ㔠䛾⟶⌮䜔┬䜶䝛䝃䞊䝡䝇
䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈㟁ຊ఍♫䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇ᥦ౪⤌⧊䛺䛹䛻
䛾䛯䜑䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈฼⏝⪅䛜ᮃ䜎䛺䛔ู䛾
䜘䜚 㻞 ḟ฼⏝䛥䜜䜛㻚䛭䛣䛷䠈䝕䞊䝍䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䠈ᕷሙㄪᰝ䠈
⾜Ⅽ䛻ᝏ⏝䛥䜜䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛㻚௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛺஦౛䛜ᣦ᦬䛥
䝥䝻䝣䜯䜲䝸䞁䜾䠄⾜ືศᯒ䠅䛺䛹䛜⾜䜟䜜䜛㻚䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䠈✼
䜜䛶䛔䜛㼇㻞㼉㻚㻌 㻌
┐䛺䛹䛾⬤ᙅᛶ䛜⏕䛨䜛ᜍ䜜䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠍䠅ブḭ⾜Ⅽ㻌
䠄䠏䠅䜶䝸䜰 㻟㻌
㻌 䝕䞊䝍䛾᧯స䛻䜘䜚௚䛾ሙᡤ䜔௚䛾㟁ᶵ⮬ື㌴䛜ᾘ㈝䛧
ᾘ㈝⪅䛜㟁ຊᾘ㈝䝕䞊䝍䜈䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁䛷䜰䜽䝉䝇䛩䜛䛣䛸
䛯䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛫䛛䛡䜛㻚㻌
䛷䠈ᾘ㈝⪅䛜䠈䛔䛴䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻㟁Ẽ䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䠈䜴
䠄䠎䠅ಶேᣲື䝟䝍䞊䞁䜔฼⏝ᶵჾ䛾≉ᐃ㻌
䜶䝑䝤䜢฼⏝䛧䛶ᢕᥱ䛩䜛㻚䛣䛾䛯䜑䠈䝉䞁䝅䝔䜱䝤䛺䝕䞊䝍
䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䜔䝩䞊䝮䜸䞊䝖䝯䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾䝕䞊䝍䛛䜙≉ᐃ
䜈䜰䜽䝉䝇䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻ᑐ䛧ᙉ䛔䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䛸䠈䛺䜚䛩䜎䛧䜢㜵
䛾ᶵჾ䛾฼⏝䜢㏣㊧䛷䛝䜛㻚䜎䛯䠈㟁Ẽ䛾฼⏝䝕䞊䝍䛛䜙䠈
スマートシティにおけるプライバシー影響評価の適用に関する考察
ᒇෆ䛾䛹䛣䛷䠈䛔䛴䛹䜣䛺ᶵჾ䛜౑䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䛜䜟䛛䜛㻚㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠎㻌 ಶே䛾άື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㟁ຊ౑⏝≧ἣ䛾౛㻌
㻌
㻌 䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䠈ᐙ㟁䝯䞊䜹䛿䛣䛾᝟ሗ䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈〇ရ䛾ಙ㢗
ᛶ䜔ಖドᮇ㛫䛺䛹䛾タᐃ䛻฼⏝䜔䠈䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖ᗈ࿌䛺䛹䛾
䝬䞊䜿䝔䜱䞁䜾䛻฼⏝䛩䜛.
㻌 㻔䠏㻕䝸䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮䛷䛾䝸䝰䞊䝖┘ど㻌
䝸䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮䛷䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᅾᏯ䛾᭷↓䠈ఫே
䛾⾜ື䠄Ṍ䛔䛶䛔䜛䠈ᐷ䛶䛔䜛䛺䛹䠅䛾᝟ሗ䜢ᚓ䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠐䠅䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗௨እ䛾ၟ⏝┠ⓗ䛷䛾౑⏝㻌
ಶே䛾䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛾ᾘ㈝ᒚṔ䛛䜙ᑟฟ䛥䜜䜛䝷䜲䝣䝇䝍
䜲䝹䛾ᒓᛶ᝟ሗ䛿ᗈ䛔ศ㔝䛾〇ရ䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇䝧䞁䝎䞊䛺䛹
䛻᭷⏝䛺᝟ሗ䛸䛺䜛㻚䝧䞁䝎䞊䛿ᒓᛶ᝟ሗ䜢㉎ධ䛧䠈䝍䞊䝀
䝑䝖䛾㑅ᐃ䠈ၟရ䜢ᮃ䜎䛺䛔ே䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒䝉䞊䝹䝇䜢⾜䛖㻚㻌
㻌
⾲䠍㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛷ධᡭ䛷䛝䜛᝟ሗ
㻌
㻌
㻟㻚㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽ᑐ⟇㻌
㻟㻚㻝㻚㻌 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾䜘䛖䛺᪂ᢏ⾡䛾ᑟධ䛻క䛖䝸䝇䜽᳨ウ䛻
䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䛾ᵓ⠏䛜ᚲ
せ䛸䛺䜛㻚䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䛾ᵓ⠏䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈䝸䝇䜽ホ౯䛜
ᚲせ䛸䛺䜚䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ほⅬ䛷䝸䝇䜽䜢䛸䜙䛘䜛䛾䛛䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖
䛺⛬ᗘ䛾䝸䝇䜽䜎䛷䛿チᐜ䛩䜛䛾䛛ุ᩿䛜㔜せ䛸䛺䜛㻚㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䜒䝸䝇䜽ホ౯䛾ほⅬ
䛛䜙䛾᳨ウ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱
ᡓ␎䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛䝍䝇䜽䜢௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛺㻌
䝍䝇䜽䜢ᐃ⩏䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
䝍䝇䜽䠍㻌 ஦౛䠄䝴䞊䝇䜿䞊䝇䠅ศᯒ㻌
᪤Ꮡ䛾᝟ሗ※䠄౛䛘䜀㟁ຊ఍♫䠅䛛䜙䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱⪃៖䛻
䛒䛯䛳䛶䛾஦౛䜢㑅䜃䠈䛭䜜䜙䜢䜒䛸䛻䝸䝇䜽䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䜢
⾜䛖䛯䜑䛾ඹ㏻䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䜢ᵓ⠏䛩䜛㻚㻌
3
䝍䝇䜽䠎㻌 䝸䝇䜽䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖㻌
඲యⓗ䛺ᶵ⬟䝺䝧䝹䛻䛚䛔䛶⬤ᙅᛶ䠈⬣ጾ䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛㻚
ᮏ䜰䜴䝖䝥䝑䝖䛜䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱せ௳䛾ᇶ♏䛸䛺䜛㻚䝫䜲䞁䝖䛿䠈
⌧ᐇⓗ䛺䛂⬣ጾ䛃䛾䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䜢ᐇ᪋䛷䛝䜛䛛䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻌 䞉䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥ศᯒ䠖㻌 ᪤䛻ᐃᮇ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛≉ᐃ䛾䝉䜻䝳䝸㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
㻌 㻌 䝔䜱ၥ㢟䛻╔┠䛧䠈䛭䛣䛻ෆᅾ䛩䜛ၥ㢟䛜䛺䛻䛛䜢ヲ⣽㻌 㻌
䛻᳨ウ䛩䜛㻚䛣䛣䛷䛿ໟᣓⓗ䛺䜼䝱䝑䝥ศᯒ䛿⾜䜟䛪䠈䛒㻌 㻌 㻌
䛟䜎䛷ಶู஦౛䛾ၥ㢟䛻↔Ⅼ䜢䛒䛶䛶ศᯒ䛩䜛㻚㻌
㻌 䞉䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁ศᯒ䠖㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗඲య䛾䝻䝆䜹䝹䜲䞁㻌 㻌
䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇䜢ᵓ⠏䛩䜛㻚⌧ᅾ⣙ 㻝㻤 䛾䜲䞁䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇䜹䝔㻌
䝂䝸䛻ศ㢮䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚౛䛘䜀䠈㻮㻞㻮 䝁䝛䜽䝅䝵䞁䠈䝉䞁䝃㻌 㻌
䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛸⟶⌮䝅䝇䝔䝮㛫䛾䜲䞁䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇䠈୍⯡㻌
ྥ䛡䝃䜲䝖䛸䛾䜲䞁䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇䛺䛹㻚䛣䜜䜙䜢䜒䛸䛻䠈䛭䜜䛮㻌
䜜䛾䜲䞁䝟䜽䝖䜢㧗୰ప䛷ศ㢮䛩䜛㻚䛣䛣䛷䛾䜰䜴䝖䝥䝑䝖㻌
䛿䝍䝇䜽 㻟 䛾䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱せ௳䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛㻚㻌
䝍䝇䜽 㻟㻌 䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱せ௳䛾㛤Ⓨ㻌
᪤Ꮡ䛾ከ㡿ᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱せ௳䜢ཧ⪃䛸䛧䠈ඹ㏻
ⓗ䛺せ௳䜢సᡂ䛩䜛㻚䛯䛰䛧䠈䛣䜜䜙䛿ᚲ㡲せ௳䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈
䛒䛟䜎䛷䜒䠈䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁ⓗ䛺せ⣲䛸䛧䛶఩⨨䛵䛡䜙䜜䜛㻚䝥䝷
䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䛻ᑐ䛩䜛せ௳䛾ᢳฟ䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈ᮏ䝥䝻䝉
䝇䛻䛶䠈䝥䝷䝞䝅䞊䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䜒ᐇ᪋䛩䜛㻚㻌
䝍䝇䜽 㻠㻌 タィ㻌
ୖグ䛾䝍䝇䜽 㻞 䛷ヲ⣽໬䛥䜜䛯ෆᐜ䜢䜒䛸䛻䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䜰
䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䜢タィ䛩䜛㻚䛣䛣䛷タィ䛥䜜䛯䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾
䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛜඲య䛾䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱せ௳䛸䛺䜛㻚
䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱せ௳䛾䜼䝱䝑䝥䛺䛹䛜≉ᐃ䛥䜜䠈䜼䝱䝑䝥䜢ゎᾘ
䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾᳨ウ䜢⾜䛖㻚㻌
䝍䝇䜽 㻡㻌 ホ౯䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾సᡂ㻌
㐺ྜᛶホ౯䛸䛧䛶䛾ホ౯䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䜢సᡂ䛩䜛㻚㻌
䝍䝇䜽 㻞 䛿୍⯡ⓗ䛺䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱ᑐᛂ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈≉䛻䝥䝷䜲
䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䛾ᡭἲ䛸䛧䛶ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾
䛜䠈䛂䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛃䠄㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌 㻵㼙㼜㼍㼏㼠㻌 㻭㼟㼟㼑㼟㼟㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌
௨ୗ 㻼㻵㻭 䛸⾲グ䠅䛷䛒䜛㻚䜎䛯䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ಖㆤ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᑐ
ᛂ䛾ᇶᮏⓗ䛺⪃䛘䜢♧䛧䛯䜒䛾䛜䠈䛂ィ⏬ⓗ䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊
ᑐ⟇䛃㻔㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㻰㼑㼟㼕㼓㼚㻌 ௨ୗ 㻼㼎㻰 䛸⾲グ㻕䛷䛒䜛㼇㻣㼉㻚௨ୗ
䛻ᴫせ䜢⤂௓䛩䜛㻚㻌
㻌
㻟䠊㻞㻚㻌 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝞䜲䝕䝄䜲䞁㻌
㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㻰㼑㼟㼕㼓㼚 䛸䛿䠈䛂ィ⏬ⓗ䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᑐ⟇䛃䛷
䛒䜚䠈䜹䝘䝎䜸䞁䝍䝸䜸ᕞ᝟ሗ䠃䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝁䝭䝑䝅䝵䝘䞊
䛾 㻭㼚㼚㻌 㻯㼍㼢㼛㼡㼗㼕㼍㼚 ༤ኈ䛜 㻝㻥㻥㻜 ᖺ௦䛻ᥦၐ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛㻚
ᐃ⩏䛿䠈䛂䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊౵ᐖ䛾䝸䝇䜽䜢పῶ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈䝅䝇
䝔䝮䛾㛤Ⓨ䛻䛚䛔䛶䝥䝻䜰䜽䝔䜱䝤䠄㼜㼞㼛㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌 ஦๓䠅䛻䝥䝷
䜲䝞䝅䞊ᑐ⟇䜢⪃៖䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䛷䛒䜚䠈௻⏬䛛䜙ಖ
Ᏺẁ㝵䜎䛷䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮䝷䜲䝣䝃䜲䜽䝹䛷୍㈏䛧䛯ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䜢
⾜䛖䛣䛸䛃䛷䛒䜛㼇㻣㼉㻚㻌
㻼㼎㻰 䛾䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䜢ᅗ 㻟 䛻♧䛩㻚㻼㼎㻰 䛿᝟ሗᢏ⾡䛰䛡䛷䛺
䛟䠈⤌⧊䜔♫఍ᇶ┙䜒㐺⏝ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻼㼎㻰 䛾ᐇ᪋䛿㐺
⏝ᑐ㇟䛻 㻣 ཎ๎䜢㐺⏝䛩䜛㻚䜎䛯䠈䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䝥䝷䜲
䝞䝅䞊ᙉ໬ᢏ⾡䠄 㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻙㻱㼚㼔㼍㼚㼏㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼕㼑㼟㻌 ௨ୗ
㻼㻱㼀 䛸⾲グ䠅䜢⤌䜏㎸䜏䠈⤌⧊䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䛾పῶ
ᑐ⟇䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻼㻱㼀 䛿䠈䛂ಶே᝟ሗ䛾୙ᚲせཪ䛿㐪ἲ䛺ฎ⌮䜢㜵䛞䠈ಶ
ே䝕䞊䝍䛻㛵䛩䜛ಶ䚻䛾䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䜢ᙉ໬䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾䝒
䞊䝹䠈ཬ䜃䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚᝟ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾
ಶே䛾䝥䝷䝞䝅䞊ಖㆤ䜢ᙉ໬䛩䜛᝟ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡䛃䛾䛣䛸䛷
䛒䜛㻚౛䛘䜀䠈᝟ሗ䛾┐㞴䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛿ᬯྕ໬ᢏ⾡䠈ᡂ䜚䛩䜎
䛧㜵Ṇ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛿ㄆドᢏ⾡䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻼㼎㻰 䛿䠈ಶே᝟ሗ䛾
䛾 බṇ䛺㐠⏝䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ཎ๎㻔㻲㼍㼕㼞㻌
4
瀬戸洋一
㻵㼚㼒㼛㼞㼙㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼜㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼏㼑㼟䠈௨ୗ 㻲㻵㻼㻿 䛸⾲グ㻕䛻๎䜚䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᵓ
⠏䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢່䜑䛶䛔䜛㻚㻲㻵㻼㻿 䛸䛿䠈ಶே᝟ሗ䜢ᢅ䛖䝅䝇䝔䝮
䛾タィ㛤Ⓨ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᢏ⾡䜔ಶே᝟ሗ䛻㛵䛩䜛බṇ䛺㐠⏝
䛾ཎ๎䜢
䜢䛔䛖㻚㻌㻌
䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾
ᅗ䠏㻌 㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㼎㼥㻌㻰㼑㼟㼕㼓㼚 䛾⪃䛘᪉㻌
㝿䛻䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ၥ㢟䛾ᅇ㑊䞉⦆࿴䛾䛯䜑䛻䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅
䞊䜈䛾ᙳ㡪䜢䛂஦๓䛃䛻ホ౯䛩䜛䝸䝇䜽ศᯒᡭἲ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋⤖ᯝ䜢㋃䜎䛘䠈ᚲせ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾㐠
⏝ⓗཬ䜃ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛺㠃䛛䜙ᵓ⠏䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾௙ᵝ䛾ኚ᭦
䜢ಁ䛩䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛㻚㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮✌ാ๓䛻ኚ᭦䜢
⾜䛖䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮✌ാᚋ䛻䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ၥ㢟䛜Ⓨ⏕
䛧䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾✌ື೵Ṇ䜔䠈䛭䜜䛻క䛔Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䝡䝆䝛䝇
ୖ䛾䝸䝇䜽䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮ᨵಟ䛻క䛖㈝⏝㈇Ⲵ䜢㍍ῶ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜
䛷䛝䜛㼇㻡㼉㻚㻌
ᅗ 㻠㻌 䛿 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᶵ⬟ᵓᡂ䜢♧䛩㻚䠬䠥䠝䛿䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䝣
䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䛸䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䜰
䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䞊㻟 䛴䛾ᶵ⬟䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛㻚㻌
㻌
㻌㻌
㻌
㻲㻵㻼㻿 䛾ཎ๎䛿䠈௨ୗ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻔㻝㻕㻌 ㏻▱䠖㻌 ಶே᝟ሗ䜢཰㞟䛩䜛⪅䛿䠈஦๓䛻᝟ሗ䛾ྲྀ䜚㻌
ᢅ䛔䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ಶே᝟ሗ䛾ᡤ᭷⪅䛷䛒䜛ᙜ஦⪅䛻㛤♧㻌
䛩䜛㻚㻌
㻔㻞㻕㻌 㑅ᢥ䠖㻌 ಶே᝟ሗ䜢཰㞟䛩䜛ሙྜ䛿䛭䛾౑⏝᪉ἲ䛻㻌
䛴䛔䛶䠈ᙜ஦⪅䛻㑅ᢥᶒ䜢୚䛘䜛㻚㻌
㻔㻟㻕㻌 䜰䜽䝉䝇䠖㻌 ཰㞟䛧䛯ಶே᝟ሗ䜢ᙜ஦⪅䛜ཧ↷ཬ䜃㻌
ゞṇ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛩䜛㻚㻌
㻔㻠㻕㻌 䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䠖㻌 ᝟ሗ䛾୙ṇ฼⏝䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ጇᙜ䛺ᑐ⟇㻌
䜢䛸䜛㻚㻌
㻲㻵㻼㻿 䛾ཎ๎䛿 㻻㻱㻯㻰 䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䜢ᇶ♏䛸䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈⡿ᅜ
䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ἲ䜔 㻱㼁 䝕䞊䝍ಖㆤᣦ௧䛻᥇⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㼇㻣㼉㻚㻌
ᚑ᮶䠈♫఍䛾Ᏻ඲ᛶ䜢☜ಖ䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䜢ᙉ໬
䛧䠈䛒䜛⛬ᗘ䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾౵ᐖ䛿௙᪉䛜䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘
᪉䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䛜䠈㻼㼎㻰 䛷䛿䠈䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䛸䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾୧
᪉ 䛾 Ᏻ ඲ ᛶ 䜢 ᡂ ❧ 䛥 䛫 䜛䝫 䝆 䝔 䜱 䝤 䝃䝮 䠄 㻼㼛㼟㼕㼠㼕㼢㼑㻙㻿㼡㼙㻌
㻼㼍㼞㼍㼐㼕㼓㼙䠅䜢ᇶᮏ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 㻌
䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䝃䝮䛾どⅬ䛷䛿䠈䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱ᑐ⟇䛸䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅
䞊ಖㆤ䛿 㼃㼕㼚㻙㼃㼕㼚 䛾㛵ಀ䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㓄
៖䛧䛯ຠ⋡ⓗ䛺䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䝋䝸䝳䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜ᡂ䜚❧䛴㻚䛴䜎䜚䠈
䝫䝆䝔䜱䝤䝃䝮䛸䛿䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮ᵓ⠏䛻㝿䛧䛶䝥䝻䜰䜽䝔䜱䝤䛻
䝡䝆䝛䝇䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᑐ⟇䛸䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱ᑐ⟇䜢
୧❧䛧ᐇ⿦䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻼㼎㻰 䛾䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛ᡭἲ䛜 㻼㻵㻭 䛷䛒䜛㻚ಶே᝟ሗ
䜢ᢅ䛖䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᵓ⠏䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䠈஦ᴗᐇ⾜๓䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅
䞊䝸䝇䜽ホ౯䛾ᐇ᪋䛷ィ⏬ᨵၿ䜢ᅗ䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚
䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䠈㻵㼀 䝅䝇䝔䝮㐠⏝䛾䝸䝇䜽ᅇ㑊䜔䠈ಶே᝟ሗ䜢ᥦ
౪䛩䜛ಶே䜔㛵ᚰ䛾䛒䜛ୡㄽ䜈䛾ㄝ᫂㈐௵䛾ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸
䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚ḟ䛾⠇䛷 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᴫせ䜢⤂௓䛩䜛㻚㻌
㻟㻚㻌 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯㻌
㻟㻚㻝㻚㻌 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛾⫼ᬒ㻌
㻝㻥㻥㻜 ᖺ௦䛻䠈ಶே᝟ሗ䛾㟁Ꮚ໬䛜㐍䜐䛸䛸䜒䛻᝟ሗ䝅䝇
䝔䝮䛾ᵓ⠏䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾ၥ㢟䛜⏕䛨䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅
䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛾ᐇ᪋䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜ጞ䜑䛯㻚㻥㻜 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙䠈⾜ᨻᶵ
㛵䛻䜘䜛ண⟬ᢎㄆ䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䛸䛧䛶䠈⊂❧䛧䛯➨୕⪅ᶵ㛵
䛻䜘䜛 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋䛜⩏ົ໬䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚 㻼㻵㻭 䛜䜹䝘䝎䠈
䝙䝳䞊䝆䝷䞁䝗ཬ䜃䜸䞊䝇䝖䝷䝸䜰䛷ඛ⾜䛧ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯㼇㻤㼉㻚㻌
㻼㻵㻭 䛸䛿ಶே᝟ሗ䛾཰㞟䜢క䛖䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᑟධ䞉ᨵಟ䛾
ᅗ䠐㻌 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯ 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᴫせ㻌
㻌
ἲᚊ䠈䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䠈つ๎䠈ዎ⣙ୖ䛾⩏ົ䠈䝫䝸䝅䞊䛺䛹
䛿䠈䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䛾ධຊ䝕䞊䝍䛸䛺䜛㻚㻌
㻔㻝㻕䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽㻌
ไᗘ㠃䛛䜙䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛷䛒䜛㻚ἲᚊ䠈䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䠈つ๎䠈
ዎ⣙ୖ䛾⩏ົ䠈᪤Ꮡ䛾䝫䝸䝅䞊䛺䛹䜢䜒䛸䛻䠈ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮
䛻ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊せ௳䛾ᢳฟ䜔ホ౯䝅䞊䝖䛺䛹䜢
ᐃ䜑䜛㻚㻌
㻔㻞㻕䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖㻌
㐠⏝㠃䛛䜙䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛷䛒䜛㻚䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽
䞊䜽䜢ඖ䛻䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾䝕䞊䝍䝣䝻䞊ศᯒ䠈ཬ䜃ホ౯䝅䞊䝖
䛺䛹䜢⏝䛔䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛ᙳ㡪ศᯒ䜢⾜䛖㻚㻌
㻔㻟㻕䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䞊㻌
ᢏ⾡㠃䛛䜙䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛷䛒䜛㻚䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽
䞊䜽䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䜢ඖ䛻䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮タィ௙ᵝ
䜢᳨ウ䛧䠈ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛻䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛ၥ㢟ゎỴ䜢ᅗ䜛㻚㻌
㻌 ⾲ 㻞 䛻⡿ᅜ䠈䜹䝘䝎䠈䜸䞊䝇䝖䝷䝸䜰䛺䛹䛻䛚䛡䜛 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ
᪋≧ἣ䜢䜎䛸䜑䜛㻚䜹䝘䝎䛻䛿䠈㻌 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛ἲᚊ
䛸䛧䛶䠈㻌 ⾜ᨻศ㔝䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ἲ䠄㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㻭㼏㼠䠅
䛸Ẹ㛫ศ㔝䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛 㻼㻵㻼㻱㻰㻭䠄㻼㼑㼞㼟㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻵㼚㼒㼛㼞㼙㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌
㻱㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼛㼚㼕㼏㻌㻰㼛㼏㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㻭㼏㼠㼟䠅䛾 㻞㻌 䛴䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛㻚䛹䛱䜙䛾ἲ
ᚊ䛻䜒 㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾グ㏙䛿Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔㻚䛧䛛䛧䠈㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛿
ᢎㄆ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾୍⎔䛸䛧䛶䠈⩏ົ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚⌧ᅾ䠈㻼㻵㻭㻌
䛾ᐇ᪋䛸ἲᚊ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䜢ᩚ⌮䛩䜛ヨ䜏䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
㻌 䜹䝘䝎䛷䛿䠈ᅜᐙ㈈ᨻጤဨ఍䠄㼀㼞㼑㼍㼟㼡㼞㼥㻌 㻮㼛㼍㼞㼐䠅Ⓨ⾜䛾
㻼㻵㻭㻌 䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛾௚䠈ᕞ༢఩䛷Ⓨ⾜䛧䛯䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䜒Ꮡ
ᅾ䛩䜛㻚䜎䛯䠈ᕞ䛤䛸䛻䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝁䝭䝑䝅䝵䝘䞊䜒Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛㻚
䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝁䝭䝑䝅䝵䝘䞊䛿䠈ᨻᗓ⤌⧊䛛䜙⊂❧䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈
㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛾ᐇ᪋䛻㝿䛧䠈ຓゝ䜢⾜䛖㻚䜎䛯䠈㻼㻵㻭㻌 ሗ࿌᭩䛾ᅇ௜䜢
ཷ䛡䜛㻚㻌
㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛾ᐇ᪋୺య䛿䠈ホ౯ᑐ㇟䛷䛒䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᵓ⠏䠋ᨵ
ಟ䛩䜛ᨻᗓᶵ㛵䛷䛒䜛㻚䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ᐇ᪋⤌⧊䛾๪㈐௵⪅
䠄㻰㼑㼜㼡㼠㼥㻌 㻹㼕㼚㼕㼟㼠㼑㼞䠅䛜 㻼㻵㻭㻌 ሗ࿌᭩䛾ᢎㄆ䜢⾜䛖㻚䜎䛯䠈㻼㻵㻭㻌
ሗ࿌᭩䛾බ㛤䜔㈐௵䛻䛴䛔䛶 㻼㻵㻭㻌 䝫䝸䝅䞊䛻グ㍕䛥䜜䛶
䛔䜛㻚㻌
䜸䞊䝇䝖䝷䝸䜰䛷䛿䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ἲ䠄㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㻭㼏㼠㻌㻝㻥㻤㻤䠅䛜
୺䛻ಶே᝟ሗ䛾ྲྀᢅ䛔䛻ಀ䜛ἲⓗ䛺᰿ᣐ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚䝥
䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ἲ➨ 㻝㻠㻌 ᮲䛻つᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛 㻵㻼㻼䠄㻵㼚㼒㼛㼞㼙㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌
㻌
スマートシティにおけるプライバシー影響評価の適用に関する考察
㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌 㻼㼞㼕㼚㼏㼕㼜㼘㼑㼟䠅䛿䠈ᨻᗓᶵ㛵䛻䜘䛳䛶ᢅ䜟䜜䜛ಶே᝟
ሗ䛻䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ಖㆤ䛜᭱ప㝈ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢ᥦ♧䛧䛶
䛔䜛㻚䛴䜎䜚䠈⾜ᨻ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾᪂つᵓ⠏䜔ᨵಟ䛸䛔䛖⾜ᨻୖ
䛾⾜Ⅽ䛜䠈㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛾ᐇ᪋䜢ᚲせ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㼇㻤㼉㻚㻌
䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛⊂❧䛧䛯➨୕⪅ᶵ㛵䛸䛧䛶䝥䝷䜲
䝞䝅䞊䝁䝭䝑䝅䝵䝘䞊ไᗘ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛㻚㻼㻵㻭㻌 䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛿䠈
䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝁䝭䝑䝅䝵䝘䞊䛜⟇ᐃ䛧Ⓨ⾜䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛㻚䜺䜲
䝗䝷䜲䞁䛿Ẹ㛫⏝䛸⾜ᨻ⏝䛾 㻞㻌 䛴䛜Ⓨ⾜䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈⾜ᨻ
⏝䛿 㻼㻵㻭㻌 䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯㝿䠈ሗ࿌᭩䜢බ㛤䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜⩏ົ௜䛡
䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚Ẹ㛫䛷䛾ᐇ᪋䛿䠈බ㛤䜢⩏ົ௜䛡䛶䛔䛺䛔㻚䝙
䝳䞊䝆䝷䞁䝗䛿䜸䞊䝇䝖䝷䝸䜰䛸ྠᵝ䛾ᐇ᪋≧ἣ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
୍᪉䠈⡿ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛 㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛾ᐇ᪋䛿䠈㻌 㟁Ꮚᨻᗓἲ䠄㼑䇲
㻳㼛㼢㼑㼞㼚㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㻭㼏㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻞㻜㻜㻞䠅➨ 㻞㻜㻤㻌 ᮲䛻䜘䜚䠈⩏ົ௜䛡䜙䜜䛶
䛔䜛㻚䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝁䝭䝑䝅䝵䝘䞊䛾䜘䛖䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩
䜛⊂❧䛧䛯➨୕⪅ᶵ㛵䛿Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔㻚䛣䛾䛯䜑䠈ᾏእ䛛䜙䛾
ධᅜ⪅䜢㢦䜔ᣦ⣠䝕䞊䝍䛺䛹䜢⏝䛔⟶⌮䛩䜛 㼁㻿䇲㼂㻵㻿㻵㼀 䛺
䛹䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮ᵓ⠏䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈ᅜᅵᏳ඲ಖ㞀ἲ䠄㻴㼛㼙㼑㼘㼍㼚㼐㻌
㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥㻌㻭㼏㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻞㻜㻜㻞䠅➨ 㻞㻞㻞㻌 ᮲䛻ᇶ䛵䛝䠈䝏䞊䝣䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅
䞊䞉䜸䝣䜱䝃䞊㻌 䠄㻯㼔㼕㼑㼒㻌㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㻻㼒㼒㼕㼏㼑㼞䠅䛾௵࿨䜢⩏ົ௜䛡䛶
䛔䜛㻚㻯㻼㻻㻌 䛿䠈㼁㻚㻿㻚㻌㻰㼑㼜㼍㼞㼠㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻴㼛㼙㼑㼘㼍㼚㼐㻌㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥㻌 䠄⡿
ᅜᅜᅵᏳ඲ಖ㞀┬㻌 ௨ୗ䠈㻰㻴㻿㻌 䛸グ䛩䠅䛜౑⏝䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔
䝮䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ಖㆤ䛾☜❧䜢ಖド䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒
䜛㻚䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᵓ⠏䛩䜛⤌⧊䛾㈐௵⪅䛜 㻼㻵㻭㻌 ᐇ᪋䜢ᣦ♧䛧䠈
㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛾ᐇ᪋ሗ࿌᭩䛻ᑐ䛧䠈㻯㻼㻻㻌 䛜ຓゝ䠈⨫ྡ䛧䠈㻻㼒㼒㼕㼏㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㻹㼍㼚㼍㼓㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻮㼡㼐㼓㼑㼠䠄௨ୗ䠈⾜ᨻ⟶⌮ண⟬ᒁ䛸グ䛩䠅䛜
ሗ࿌᭩䜢⢭ᰝ䛧䠈ၥ㢟䛺䛡䜜䜀ண⟬ㄆྍ䜢⾜䛖㻚䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾
䝸䝑䝗䜒ྠᵝ䛾䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䛷ホ౯䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
ୖグ䛻䜘䜛䛸 㻼㻵㻭㻌 䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈ἲᚊ䠄㼔㼍㼞㼐㻌 㼘㼍㼣䠅䛷⩏
ົ௜䛡䛶䛔䜛⡿ᅜ䛸䠈䝋䝣䝖䝻䞊䠄㼟㼛㼒㼠㻌 㼘㼍㼣䠅䛻┦ᙜ䛩䜛䜺䜲䝗
䝷䜲䞁䛺䛹䛷⩏ົ௜䛡䛶䛔䜛䜹䝘䝎䠈䜸䞊䝇䝖䝷䝸䜰䛜䛒䜛㻚
ἲᚊ䛷⩏ົ௜䛡䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿ㄪᰝ䛧䛯⠊ᅖ䛷䛿⡿ᅜ䛰䛡䛷
䛒䜛㻚⾜ᨻ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᵓ⠏䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛾ᐇ᪋䛿䝅䝇䝔
䝮ᵓ⠏䛾ண⟬ㄆྍ䛾᮲௳䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚䜎䛯䠈㻼㻵㻭㻌 䛾ᐇ᪋䜢୰
❧䛻⾜䛖䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈䜹䝘䝎䠈䜸䞊䝇䝖䝷䝸䜰䛷䛿♫఍ไᗘ䛸䛧
䛶䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝁䝭䝑䝅䝵䝘䞊䛜タ⨨䛥䜜䠈䝕䞊䝍୺య䛷䛒
䜛ಶே䛾฼┈䜢Ᏺ䜛௙⤌䜏䛜䛷䛝䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈♫఍ᗘ䛜䛺䛔
⡿ᅜ䛷䛿䠈ἲᚊ䛻䜘䛳䛶⤌⧊ෆ䛻⊂❧䛧䛯ᑓ㛛┘ᰝᶵ⬟
䛷䛒䜛 㻯㻼㻻㻌 䜢タ⨨䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
᪥ᮏ䛷ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䜒䠈㻼㻵㻭㻌 䜢᭷ຠ䛻ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾
ᡭ㡰䛸୰❧ⓗ䛺ホ౯䛜⾜䛘䜛௙⤌䜏䜢ᩚഛ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ
䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻌
⾲䠎㻌 㻼㻵㻭 䛻㛵䛩䜛ྛᅜ䛾≧ἣ㻌
㻌
㻌
㻟㻚㻞㻚㻌 ᅜ㝿ᶆ‽ 㻵㻿㻻㻞㻞㻟㻜㻣 䛻䛚䛡䜛ᡭ㡰䛸యไ㻌
㻼㻵㻭 䛿 ᅜ 㝿 ᶆ ‽ 䛸 䛺 䛳 䛶 䛔 䜛 㻵㻿㻻㻞㻞㻟㻜㻣 䠄 㻲㼕㼚㼍㼚㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌
㼟㼑㼞㼢㼕㼏㼑㼟䇲㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㻵㼙㼜㼍㼏㼠㻌㻭㼟㼟㼑㼟㼟㼙㼑㼚㼠䠅㻌 䛿䠈ᅜ㝿ᶆ‽໬ጤဨ
఍ 㻵㻿㻻㻌㼀㻯㻢㻤㻛㻿㻯㻣䠄㔠⼥䝃䞊䝡䝇䠅䛻䜘䜚 㻞㻜㻜㻤 ᖺ 㻠 ᭶䛻Ⓨ⾜
5
䛥䜜䛯䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛻㛵䛩䜛ᅜ㝿ᶆ‽つ᱁䛷䛒䜛
㼇㻤㼉㻚㻌
㔠⼥ᴗົ䛿䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䛺άື䛸䛺䜛䛯䜑䠈฼⏝⪅䛾ಶே
᝟ሗ䛿䠈䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䞉䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䜢⤒⏤䛧䛶ᅜቃ䜢㉺䛘䛶
⛣ື䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛㻚䛣䛾䛯䜑䠈ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺ྲྀᘬ䜢⾜䛖㝿䛻䝥䝷
䜲䝞䝅䞊ၥ㢟䛾ᩚྜᛶ䜢ྲྀ䜛ඹ㏻䛾䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䛜ᚲせ
䛸䛺䜚䠈㻵㻿㻻㻞㻞㻟㻜㻣 䛸䛧䛶ᶆ‽໬䛥䜜䛯㻚㻌㻵㻿㻻㻞㻞㻟㻜㻣 䛿䠈ෆᐜⓗ
䛻㔠⼥ᴗ⏺㝈ᐃ䛧䛶䛺䛔䛯䜑䠈௚䛾ᴗ✀䛻䜒㐺⏝ྍ⬟䛸⪃
䛘䜛㻚㻌
㻵㻿㻻㻞㻞㻟㻜㻣 䛷ᐃ䜑䜙䜜䛯 㻼㻵㻭 䛾せồ஦㡯䛿䠈௨ୗ䛾 㻢 㡯
┠䛷䛒䜛㻚๓༙䛾 㻟 㡯┠䛜 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋ᡭ㡰䛻┦ᙜ䛧䠈ᚋ༙
䛾 㻟 㡯┠䛿 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋యไ䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛㼇㻠㼉㻚㻌
䠄䠍䠅㻼㻵㻭 ィ⏬㻌
㻼㻵㻭 ィ⏬䛾┠ⓗ䛿䠈௨ୗ䛾 㻠 Ⅼ䛻㛵䛩䜛సᴗ䜢⾜䛔䠈
㻼㻵㻭 ᐇ᪋ィ⏬᭩䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛒䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠎䠅㻼㻵㻭 䛾㐺⏝⠊ᅖ䛾ᐃ⩏㻌
㻼㻵㻭 ᐇ᪋⪅䛻ᚲせ䛺ᑓ㛛▱㆑ศ㔝䛾≉ᐃ䛩䜛㻚㻌
ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻㐺⏝䛥䜜䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ἲ㻌
௧䠈つ᱁䛾≉ᐃ㻌
䠄䠏䠅ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ㄪᰝ㻌
ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛧䛶䠈௨ୗ䛾஦㡯䜢グ㏙䛩䜛㻚㻌
䇲䝡䝆䝛䝇ୖ䛾┠ⓗ㻌
䇲ಶே᝟ሗ䛾ྲྀᢅ䛔᪉ἲ㻌
䇲ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾㛤Ⓨ䛾✀ู䠄ᑟධ䜎䛯䛿ᨵಟ䛺䛹䠅㻌
䇲ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ẁ㝵䠄௻⏬ẁ㝵䜔タィẁ㝵䛺䛹䠅㻌 㻌
䇲ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᴫᛕᅗ㻌
䇲ᴗົ䝥䝻䝉䝇䝣䝻䞊䠈䝕䞊䝍䝣䝻䞊䠈䝕䞊䝍䝰䝕䝹㻌
䇲᪤▱䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䜈䛾䝫䝸䝅䞊䜔ᅇ㑊⟇㻌
䇲ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢䝃䝫䞊䝖䛩䜛㐠⏝ୖ䛾௙⤌䜏㻌
䠄䠐䠅㻼㻵㻭 ホ౯㻌
㻼㻵㻭 ホ౯䛾┠ⓗ䛿䠈㻼㻵㻭 ィ⏬䛷ᐃ⩏䛧䛯 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋ᑐ㇟
⠊ᅖ䛸䛺䜛᝟ሗ㈨⏘䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈᝟ሗ㈨⏘䛾౯್䛸⬤ᙅᛶ䛾
⛬ᗘ䠈⬣ጾ䛾⛬ᗘ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䜢
᫂☜໬䛧䠈䛭䛾ᑐ⟇᱌䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻼㻵㻭 ホ౯䛷䛿䠈௨ୗ䛾஦㡯䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌
䇲౑⏝䛥䜜䜛ಶே᝟ሗ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᴗົ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛸䝕䞊䝍䝣㻌
㻌 䝻䞊䛾ศᯒ㻌
䇲䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝫䝸䝅䞊䛾㐺ྜᛶ䜼䝱䝑䝥ศᯒ㻌
䇲㻼㻵㻭 ሗ࿌᭩䛾䛯䜑䛾⤖ㄽ䛸່࿌䛾సᡂ㻌
䠄䠑䠅㻼㻵㻭 ሗ࿌㻌
㻼㻵㻭 ሗ࿌䛾┠ⓗ䛿䠈ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䛴䛔䛶㛵ಀ⪅㛫䛷䝺
䝡䝳䞊䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䠈ホ౯䠈ศᯒ䛧䛯஦㡯䜢ᩥ᭩໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷
䛒䜛㻚㻌
ሗ࿌᭩䛿௨ୗ䛾㡯┠䜢グ㍕䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌
䇲㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋⠊ᅖ㻌
䇲㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䠈ሗ࿌᭩䜢సᡂ䛧䛯䝯䞁䝞䞊䛾ᣢ䛴ᑓ㛛▱㻌
㻌 ㆑䛾ศ㔝㻌
䇲㻼㻵㻭 ᐇ᪋䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾⊂❧ᛶ㻌
䇲䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䛾䛯䜑䛻ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯ពᛮỴᐃ䝥䝻䝉䝇㻌
䇲㛵㐃䛩䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝫䝸䝅䞊䠈ಶே᝟ሗಖㆤ䛻㛵䛩䜛㻌
㻌 ἲᚊ䠈㛵㐃䛩䜛つ᱁➼㻌
䇲䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝫䝸䝅䞊䜔ἲᚊ䛻㐺ྜ䛩䜛ୖ䛷䛾䝸䝇䜽䛻㻌
㻌 㛵䛩䜛ホ౯㻌
䇲ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾䝡䝆䝛䝇┠ⓗ䜢㐩ᡂ䛧䠈䝸䝇䜽䜢㍍ῶ䛩䜛㻌
㻌 ௦᭰᱌㻌
䇲䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䜢㍍ῶ䛩䜛௦᭰᱌䛜䠈ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮㻌
㻌 䛾タィ䛻㐺⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛ྰ䛛㻌
䇲㻼㻵㻭 ሗ࿌᭩䛾່࿌䛻ᇶ䛵䛝ᑐᛂ䜢⾜䛖㈐௵⪅䛾≉ᐃ㻌
䠄䠒䠅༑ศ䛺ᑓ㛛▱㆑㻌
瀬戸洋一
6
㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈㻼㻵㻭 ᐇ᪋䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾䝯䞁䝞䞊
䛿ᚲせ䛺ᑓ㛛▱㆑䜢᭷䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚᭱ప㝈௨ୗ䛾ศ㔝
䜢䜹䝞䞊䛧䛶䛔䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌
䇲ホ౯ᑐ㇟䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊㛵㐃䛾ἲᚊ䠈䝫䝸䝅㻌
㻌 䞊䠈ཬ䜃ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ཎ๎䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ἲᚊ㻚㻌
㻌 ศ㔝䛾ᑓ㛛▱㆑㻌
䇲ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䠈ཬ䜃㛵㐃䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛 㻵㼀 䜲䞁䝣䝷㻌 㻌
㻌 䝇䝖䝷䜽䝏䝱䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᑓ㛛▱㆑㻌
䇲ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䠈ཬ䜃㛵㐃䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛ᴗົ䝥䝻䝉㻌
㻌 䝇䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᑓ㛛▱㆑㻌
䠄䠓䠅⊂❧ᛶ䛸බඹᛶ䛾⛬ᗘ㻌
㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䠈ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻㛵䛩䜛฼ᐖ
㛵ಀ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈୰❧ᛶ䜢☜ಖ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻼㻵㻭 ሗ
࿌᭩䜢䠈ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾㛤Ⓨ୺య䛸฼ᐖ㛵ಀ䛾䛺䛔୰❧⤌
⧊䛷☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈฼⏝⪅䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ಖㆤ䛜☜ᐇ
䛻⾜䜟䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠔䠅ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ពᛮỴᐃ᫬䛾฼⏝㻌
㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋⤖ᯝ䛿䠈ᑐ㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䛴䛔䛶ពᛮỴᐃ䜢⾜
䛖㝿䛻䠈㻼㻵㻭 ሗ࿌᭩䛻グ㍕䛥䜜䛯䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䛾ᅇ㑊
⟇䜎䛯䛿⦆࿴⟇䜢ཧ↷䛧䠈タィ䛾ኚ᭦䛺䛹䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛㻚㻌
᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝑䝗䛻ᑐ䛧 㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛯
䜑䛻䛿䠈ᅗ䠑䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻 㻵㻿㻻㻞㻞㻟㻜㻣 䜢せồ஦㡯䛸䛧䛶䝝䞁䝗
䝤䝑䜽䜔䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䠄ᡭ㡰䜔యไ䜢᫂☜໬䠅䛾ᩚഛ䛜ᚲせ
䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠑㻌 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋⎔ቃ䛾ᩚഛ㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻠㻚㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䜈䛾 㻼㻵㻭 䛾㐺⏝㻌
㻠㻚㻝㻚㻌 ⡿ᅜ䛾஦౛㻌
⡿ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䜈䛾 㻼㻵㻭 䛾஦౛䜢௨ୗ䛻㏙
䜉䜛㻚⡿ᅜ䛷䛿䠈㻞㻜㻜㻥 ᖺ 㻣 ᭶䛛䜙 㻤 ᭶䛻ᾘ㈝⪅䠄㟂せᐙ䠅䛸
㟁ຊ᪋タ䛺䛹䛻㛵䛩䜛 㻼㻵㻭 䛜ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯㻚䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻
䛚䛡䜛 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋䛻䜘䜚䠈஦๓䛻䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ၥ㢟䛾ྍど
໬䛜䛷䛝䠈ᑐᛂ䛩䜉䛝஦㡯䛜᫂☜䛻䛺䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖ሗ࿌䛜䛒䜛
㼇㻡㼉㼇㻝㻜㼉㼇㻝㻝㼉㻚㻌
⡿ᅜ䛾䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋䛿௨ୗ䛾᳨ド
䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
䞉䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ಶே᝟ሗ䛜䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䜘䜚⏕ᡂ䠈⵳㻌
㻌 ✚䠈ὶ㏻䛥䜜䜛䛾䛛䠛㻌
䞉䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛷฼⏝䛩䜛ಶே᝟ሗ䛿䠈௚䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮㻌 㻌 㻌
㻌 䜔䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛻䛚䛡䜛ಶே᝟ሗ䛸䛹䛣䛜␗䛺䜛䛾䛛䠛㻌
䈄䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗ᢏ⾡䛻䜘䛳䛶᪂つ䛻Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞㻌 㻌 㻌
㻌 䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䛿䛺䛻䛛䠛㻌
䞉᪤Ꮡ䛾ἲ䜔つไ䠈ᶆ‽䛿䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛ಶ㻌
ே᝟ሗ䛾⏕ᡂ䠈཰㞟䠈ὶ㏻䛻ᑐ䛧䛶㐺⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷
䛝䜛䛾䛛䠛㻌
㻌 䞉䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲䛿䠈᪤Ꮡ䛾ἲ䠈つไ䛚䜘䜃㻌 㻌
㻌 㻌 ᶆ‽つ᱁䛻䜘䜚䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䜢పῶ䛧䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞㻌
㻌 㻌 䝅䞊䜢ಖㆤ䛷䛝䜛䛾䛛䠛㻌
䠄䠍䠅ᑐ㇟⠊ᅖ㻌
㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋⠊ᅖ䜢ᅗ 㻢 䛻♧䛩㻚ᾘ㈝⪅䠄㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴䠈䝇䝬
䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䛺䛹䠅䠈䝺䜺䝅䞊䛺Ⓨ㏦㟁䝅䝇䝔䝮䠈⮬↛䜶䝛䝹䜼
䞊䛻䜘䜛᪂Ⓨ㟁䝅䝇䝔䝮䛺䛹ᗈᇦ䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᑐ㇟䛻 㻼㻵㻭
䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠒㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䜈䛾 㻼㻵㻭 䛾㐺⏝౛㻌
㻌
㻌
䠄䠎䠅㛵ಀἲᚊ䛸つ᱁㻌
㻌 㻼㻵㻭 䛻฼⏝䛧䛯ἲᚊ䜔つ᱁䛿䠈ୗグ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
䞉㻭㼙㼑㼞㼕㼏㼍㼚㻌 㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻯㼑㼞㼠㼕㼒㼕㼑㼐㻌 㻼㼡㼎㼘㼕㼏㻌 㻭㼏㼏㼛㼡㼚㼠㼟㻌
㻔㻭㻵㻯㻼㻭㻕㻌
䞉㻳㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼘㼘㼥㻌㻭㼏㼏㼑㼜㼠㼑㼐㻌㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌 㻼㼞㼕㼚㼏㼕㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌 㻔㻳㻭㻼㻼㼟㻕㻌
䞉㻵㻿㻻㻛㻵㻱㻯㻌㻞㻣㻜㻜㻝㻌㻵㼚㼒㼛㼞㼙㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥㻌㻹㼍㼚㼍㼓㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌 㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻼㼞㼕㼚㼏㼕㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌
䞉㼀㼔㼑㻌㻻㼞㼓㼍㼚㼕㼟㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻱㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌㻯㼛㼛㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻌
㻰㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌 㻔㻻㻱㻯㻰㻕㻌㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㻼㼞㼕㼚㼏㼕㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌
䠄䠏䠅㻼㻵㻭 ᐇ᪋䛻䜘䜚ᚓ䜙䜜䛯ぢゎ㻌
㻌 㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈㻝㻜 䛾ほⅬ䛷䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸㻌 㻌 㻌
䝇䜽䛜᫂☜䛻䛺䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖⤖ㄽ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
䇵ㄝ᫂㈐௵䠖㻌 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛㈐௵㒊⨫䛺䛹䛜᭩㻌
㻌 㢮䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾ᩍ⫱䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䠈䛚䜘䜃䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸㻌
㻌 䝑䝗䝕䞊䝍䜈䛾䜰䜽䝉䝇䛾┘ど䛻㛵䛩䜛᝟ሗ䛜Ḟⴠ䛧䛶㻌 㻌
㻌 䛔䜛㻚㻌
㻙┠ⓗ䛸㛤♧䠖㻌 ཰㞟䛩䜛᝟ሗ䛾㡯┠䠈䛭䛧䛶䝕䞊䝍䛾཰㻌
㻌 㞟䛾┠ⓗ䜢᫂☜䛻䛧䠈㏱᫂ᛶ䜢䜒䛯䛫䜛㻚㻌
㻙㑅ᢥ䛸ྠព䠖㻌 㞟䜑䛯䝕䞊䝍䛾䝍䜲䝥䛸฼⏝䛾᪉ἲ䛻㛵㻌
㻌 䛧䠈ᾘ㈝⪅䜈㑅ᢥᶒ䜢୚䛘䜛䛯䜑䛾ᡭ⥆䛝䜢☜❧䛩䜛㻌 㻌 㻌
㻌 ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻙཰㞟䛸䝇䝁䞊䝥䠖㻌 ཰㞟䛩䜛䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻ᚲせ㻌 㻌
㻌 䛺᭱ᑠ㝈䛾䝕䞊䝍䛸䛩䜛㻚㻌
䇵฼⏝䛸ಖ᭷䠖㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䝀䞊䝖䛿䠈⌧ᅾ฼⏝䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛺䛟㻌
㻌 䛸䜒䠈฼⏝䛸ಖ᭷䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾せồ௙ᵝ䜢☜❧䛩䜛㻚㻌
䇵ಶே䛾䜰䜽䝉䝇䠖㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䛾䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈ᾘ㈝⪅䛜㻌 㻌
㻌 ᐜ᫆䛻䜰䜽䝉䝇䛷䛝䛺䛔」ᩘ䛾ሙᡤ䛷ಖ⟶䛥䜜䜛㻚䜰䜽㻌
㻌 䝉䝇䝫䝸䝅䞊䛸ᡭ㡰䜢☜❧䛩䜛㻚㻌
䇵බ㛤䛸฼⏝ไ㝈䠖㻌 䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛䝕䞊䝍䛒䜛䛔䛿㻌 㻌
㻌 ௚䛾䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䝃䞊䝡䝇άື䛿䠈チྍ䛥䜜䛯┠ⓗ㻌 㻌
䛷䛾䜏බ㛤䛒䜛䛔䛿฼⏝䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛㻚㻌 㻌 㻌
䇵䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䛸⟶⌮⟇䠖㻌 䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛䝕䞊䝍䜢┐㻌
㻌 㞴䠈チྍ䛥䜜䛺䛔䜰䜽䝉䝇䠈฼⏝䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿ᨵኚ䛛䜙㜵㻌
㻌 ᚚ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾⟶⌮⟇䜢☜❧䛩䜛㻚㻌 㻌
スマートシティにおけるプライバシー影響評価の適用に関する考察
䇵ṇ☜ᛶ䛸ရ㉁䠖㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈䝕䞊䝍䛾䝷䜲㻌
㻌 䝣䝃䜲䜽䝹䜢㏻䛨䛶ṇ☜ᛶ䜢ಖ䛴䛯䜑䠈ṇ☜ᛶ䠈᏶඲ᛶ㻌 㻌
䛺䛹䜢᏶ഛ䛥䛫䜛㻚㻌
䇵䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䠈䝁䞁䝥䝷䜲䜰䞁䝇䠖㻌 ᾘ㈝⪅䛻㛵䛩䜛䝁䞁䝥㻌 㻌
㻌 䝷䜲䜰䞁䝇䛻‽ᣐ䛧䠈䜎䛯䠈ᾘ㈝⪅䛛䜙せồ䛜䛒䛳䛯ሙ㻌
ྜ䛿 㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛺௙⤌䜏䜢☜ಖ䛩䜛㻚㻌
䛴䜎䜚䠈⡿ᅜ䛾䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻㛵䛧䛶䠈௨ୗ䜢⤖ㄽ䛸䛧
䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠍䠅ಶே䛻㛵㐃䛴䛡䜛᪂䛧䛔✀㢮䛾᝟ሗ䛿䠈㟁ຊᾘ㈝
ືྥ䛺䛹䜢ྵ䜏䠈㛵㐃䛩䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䝕䞊䝍䛻
㛵䛩䜛᪤Ꮡ䛾ἲ䜔つไ䛷䛿䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾䝕䞊䝍䛛䜙ὶ
ฟ䛩䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛾ಖㆤ䛻㛵䛧⪃៖䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔㻚
䛣䛾䛯䜑䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜
䛒䜛㻚㻌
䠄䠎䠅᪂䛧䛔䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾ᢏ⾡䠈≉䛻䝇䝬䞊䝖䝯䞊䝍䜔㻌 㻌
ྠᵝ䛾➃ᮎᶵჾ䜒䠈䜎䛯᪂䛧䛔䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䜔
ㄢ㢟䜢⏕䜏ฟ䛩ᠱᛕ䛜䛒䜛㻚᪤Ꮡ䛾ᨻ⟇䛜䠈ఏ⤫ⓗ
䛺㟁ຊ⥙䛛䜙཰㞟䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯㟁ຊᾘ㈝᝟ሗ䜢཰㞟
䛩䜛௻ᴗ䜢Ᏺ䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜ཎᅉ䛷䛒
䜛㻚ᾘ㈝⪅䛾❧ሙ䛷䛾ᨻ⟇㌿᥮䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
⡿ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯 㻼㻵㻭 䛿䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻㛵䛧
ά⏝䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺᝟ሗ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᡭ㡰䛷཰㞟䠈⵳
✚䛥䜜䠈䛭䛧䛶䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᙧ䛷ά⏝䛥䜜䜛䛾䛛䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩
䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈᪤Ꮡ䛾ἲ䜔ᨻ⟇䛾㝈⏺䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
䛣䜜䛿䠈ᾘ㈝⪅䜢䛿䛨䜑䛸䛩䜛䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊䛾ྜព䛾
䜒䛸䠈㐺ṇ䛺ほⅬ䛷䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᵓ⠏䛧㐠⏝䛧䠈᪂つ䛾䝃䞊䝡
䝇䛾ཧධ䜒ྍ⬟䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
㻌
4.2. 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛 PIA ᑟධ䛾ព⩏
⌧≧䛷䛿䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮䛚䜘䜃䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᙧ䛻䛺䜛
䛛୙᫂☜䛺㒊ศ䛜ከ䛟䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䠄䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䠅䛻
䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ၥ㢟䛿䠈䜎䛰᏶඲䛻ᢕᥱ䛷䛝䛶䛔䛺䛔㻚
ྠ᫬䛻ಶே᝟ሗ䛾཰㞟䛻㛵䜟䜛⤌⧊䛻䛚䛡䜛᪉㔪䠄䝫䝸䝅
䞊䠅䜔つไ䜒༑ศ䛻ᩚഛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔㻚㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䞊䠄ᾘ㈝⪅䠈᪋
タ䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇䝥䝻䝞䜲䝎䞊䛺䛹䠅䛿ከᩘᏑᅾ䛩䜛ணᐃ䛷䛒䜚䠈
䜎䛯䠈ಶே᝟ሗ䛾ὶ㏻䛜」㞧䛻䛺䜛㻚㻌
䛣䛾䛯䜑䠈䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛜䜒䛯䜙䛩䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽⮬
య䛜᫂☜䛷䛺䛟䠈᪤Ꮡ䛾ἲయ⣔䜔䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛷䛿ᑐᛂ䛷䛝
䛺䛔㻚䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ಖㆤ䛾䝁䞁䝥䝷䜲䜰䞁䝇య⣔䜢
ᩚ䛘䜀䛔䛔䛾䛛䠈㻼㻵㻭 䜢⏝䛔䛶஦๓䛻ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜᭷ຠ
䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
䜎䛯䠈ಶே᝟ሗ䛾ὶ㏻䛿䠈୍ඖⓗ䛷䛺䛟䠈ྛ᪋タ䠈䝃䞊䝡
䝇䝥䝻䝞䜲䝎䞊䛜ಶู䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ಖㆤᇶ‽䜢㡰Ᏺ䛩䜛
䛰䛡䛷䛿䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ಖㆤᑐ⟇䛿᏶඲䛷䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䜛㻚䝅
䝇䝔䝮ᵓ⠏㐠⏝䛾ึᮇ䛾ẁ㝵䛷ඹ㏻ⓗ䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᇶ
‽䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䜢ᩚ䛘䜛ୖ䛷 㻼㻵㻭 䜢ά⏝䛷䛝䜛㻚㻌
㻌 ⡿ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾 㻼㻵㻭 ᡭἲ䜒ヨ⾜㘒ㄗ䛾
ẁ㝵䛷䛒䜚䠈ලయⓗ䛺ά⏝䛻ྥ䛡䛯᳨ウ䛿䛣䜜䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛
䛜䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䜢ྍど໬䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ά⏝
䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛㻚᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈䠏❶䛷㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈ඛ㐍
ⓗ䛻 㻼㻵㻭 䛾ά⏝䜢㐍䜑䜛⡿ᅜ䜔䜹䝘䝎䛸␗䛺䜛♫఍యไ䠈
ἲయ⣔䛾䛯䜑䠈䜎䛪䛿䠈㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛷䛝䜛⎔ቃ䛾ᩚഛ䛜ᚲ
せ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
㻌
㻡㻚䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䛿䠈䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺ほⅬ䛷䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛜᥎㐍䛥
䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚⌧᫬Ⅼ䛷䝇䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䜢ಠ▔䛧䛯䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸
7
䝇䜽䜢ㄽ䛨䜛䛾䛿᫬ᮇᑦ᪩䛷䛒䜚䠈ලయⓗ䛻㛤Ⓨ䛜㐍䜏ྛ
ᅜඹ㏻䛾ㄢ㢟䛸䛺䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛾䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䛻
䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䛯㻚㻌
ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝞䜲䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸䛔䛖䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅
䞊ᑐ⟇䛾⪃䛘䛸䠈ィ⏬ⓗ䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᑐ⟇䛻䛚䛔䛶㔜せ
䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯ᡭἲ䛾᭷ຠᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䛯㻚㻌
䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛿⡿ᅜ䜔
䜹䝘䝎䛺䛹䛷䛾ᐇ᪋䛻㝈ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾䝥䝷䜲
䝞䝅䞊䝸䝇䜽䛾Ὑ䛔ฟ䛧䛚䜘䜃ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ᑐ⟇䛾᪉㔪䠈ᨻ⟇
Ỵᐃ䛻᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻚ሗ࿌䛷䛿䠈ᚑ᮶䛾
䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䛻㛵䛧䛶㆟ㄽ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯⠊ᅖ䜢㉸䛘䛯᪂䛯䛺
ၥ㢟䜒⏕䜏ฟ䛩༴㝤䛜䛒䜛䛸ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
᪥ᮏ䛷䜒䠈㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛⎔ቃ䛾ᩚഛ䜢᪩ᛴ䛻㐍䜑䠈䝇
䝬䞊䝖䝅䝔䜱䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛㻚䛣䛾
䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈㻌
䠄䠍䠅㻼㻵㻭 䛾ຠᯝ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛ᐈほⓗ䛺ホ౯䛾ᐇ᪋䠈 ᐃἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ㻚㻌
䠄䠎䠅㻼㻵㻭 䜢ᐇ᪋䝁䝇䝖䛾ᢚไ䛩䜛௙⤌䜏䛜ᚲせ㻚౛䛘䜀ホ
౯᪉ἲ䛾䠄༙䠅⮬ື໬㻚㻌
䠄䠏䠅㻼㻵㻭 䛾ᐇ᪋⎔ቃ䛾ᩚഛ䛜ᚲせ㻚౛䛘䜀䠈ᡭ㡰䜔ᐇ᪋
యไ䜢᫂☜䛻䛧䛯䝝䞁䝗䝤䝑䜽䜔䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛾㛤Ⓨ㻚㻌
௨ୖ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌
㼇㻝㼉᪂஭ᏹᚁ䠈ྡ࿴฼⏨䠈‪ᕝ㝯ḟ䠖㻌 ୡ⏺䛾䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑
䝗ᨻ⟇䛸ᶆ‽໬ືྥ 㻞㻜㻝㻝䠈䜲䞁䝥䝺䝇 㻾㻒㻰 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖
䝯䝕䜱䜰⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻝㻌㻚㻌
㼇㻞㼉ఀ⸨⪽䠈ᓥ⏣Ẏ䠈⚄⏣඘䠖䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛᝟ሗ
䝉 䜻 䝳䝸 䝔 䜱 䠈 ᮾ Ⱚ 䝺䝡 䝳䞊 䠈 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻢㻢 䠈 㻺㼛㻚㻝㻝 䠈 㼜㼜㻚㻢㻙㻥䠈
㻞㻜㻝㻝㻚㻌
㼇㻟㼉㻺㻵㻿㼀㻵㻾㻌㻣㻢㻞㻤㻌㻳㼡㼕㼐㼑㼘㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻌㻳㼞㼕㼐㻌㻯㼥㼎㼑㼞㻌㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥㻦㻌
㼂㼛㼘㻚㻞 䠈 㻌 㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻌 㻳㼞㼕㼐 䠈 㻌 㻺㻵㻿㼀 䠈 㻭㼡㼓㼡㼟㼠㻌
㻞㻜㻝㻜㻚㻌
㼇㻠㼉⸨஭⚽அ䠈ᒣཱྀ೺௓䠖㻌 䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䛸䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䞉
ಶே᝟ሗ䛾ಖㆤ䠈ಙᏛᢏሗ 㻿㻵㼀㻱㻞㻜㻝㻜㻙㻠㻜䠈㼜㼜㻚㻟㻡㻙㻠㻜䠈
㻞㻜㻝㻜㻚㻌
㼇㻡㼉㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻌㻳㼞㼕㼐㻦㻌㻱㼙㼎㼑㼐㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㼕㼚㼠㼛㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌㻰㼑㼟㼕㼓㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㻱㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼕㼏㼕㼠㼥㻌㻯㼛㼚㼟㼑㼞㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚䠈㻌 㻺㼛㼢㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㻜㻥㻚㻌
㼇㻢㼉໭⡿䛻䛚䛡䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䜾䝸䝑䝗䞉䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䠈
ᖹᡂ 㻞㻟 ᖺ㟁ẼᏛ఍඲ᅜ኱఍㻌 ➨ 㻝 ศ෉䠈㼜㼜㻚㻡㻙㻣䠈㻞㻜㻝㻝㻚㻌
㼇㻣㼉㧗ᆏᐃ䠈℩ᡞὒ୍䠖㻌 䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊㻌 䝞䜲㻌 䝕䝄䜲䞁䇲ィ⏬
ⓗ䛺䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᑐ⟇䇲䠈⮬ືㄆ㆑䠍䠌᭶ྕ䠈㼜㼜㻚㻡㻣㻙㻢㻟䠈
㻞㻜㻝㻝㻚㻌
㼇㻤㼉℩ᡞὒ୍䜋䛛䠖䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛸ಶே᝟ሗಖㆤ䠈㻌 㻌
㻌 ୰ኸ⤒῭♫䠈㻞㻜㻝㻜㻚㻌
㼇㻥㼉℩ᡞὒ୍䜋䛛䠖᝟ሗ䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱ᐇ⿦ಖド䛸䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䠈㻌
㻌 ᪥ᮏᕤᴗฟ∧䠈㻞㻜㻜㻥㻚㻌
㼇㻝㻜㼉㻺㻵㻿㼀㻌 㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻌 㻳㼞㼕㼐㻌 㻴㼕㼓㼔㻌 㻸㼑㼢㼑㼘㻌 㻯㼛㼚㼟㼡㼙㼑㼞㻙㼠㼛㻙㼁㼠㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌
㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌 㻵㼙㼜㼍㼏㼠㻌 㻭㼟㼟㼑㼟㼟㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌 㻰㼞㼍㼒㼠㻌 㼢㻟㻚㻜 䠈 㻌 㻿㼑㼜㼠㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌
㻞㻜㻜㻥㻌㻚㻌
㼇㻝㻝㼉㻺㻵㻿㼀㻵㻾㻌㻣㻢㻞㻤㻌㻳㼡㼕㼐㼑㼘㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌㼠㼛㻌㻿㼙㼍㼞㼠㻌㻳㼞㼕㼐㻌㻯㼥㼎㼑㼞㻌㻿㼑㼏㼡㼞㼕㼠㼥㻌
㼂㼛㼘㻌㻵㻵㻦㻌㻼㼞㼕㼢㼍㼏㼥㻌㻮㼞㼕㼑㼒㼕㼚㼓䠈㻌 㻿㼑㼜㼠㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㻞㻜㻝㻜㻚㻌
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.9－13 （2012） 〔論文〕
㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䛸ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䛯⁐᥋ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾పῶ
㉺Ỉ 㔜⮧ *㻌 䞉㻌 㟷ᮌ ⦾ **㻌 䞉㻌 ᰩ⏣ ຾ᐇ **
Reduction of Residual Stress Using Low Frequency and Ultrasonic Vibrations
Shigeomi Koshimizu* and Shigeru Aoki** and Katsumi Kurita**
Abstract
Welding is widely used for construction of many structures. It is well known that residual stress is
generated near the bead because of locally given heat. Tensile residual stress on the surface degrades
fatigue strength. On the other hand, welding is used for repair of mold and die. In this case, reduction
of residual stress is required because of protection from crack of welded part in mold and die. In this
paper, a new method for reduction of residual stress of welded joint is proposed for repair welding of
mold and die. In this method, low frequency and ultrasonic vibrations are used during welding. Thick
plates are used as specimens of mold and die. Residual stresses are reduced when low frequency and
ultrasonic vibrations are used during welding. Experimental results are examined by simulation
method using an analytical model. One mass model considering plastic deformation is used as an
analytical model. Experimental results are demonstrated by simulation method.
Keywords: Welding, Residual stress, Mold, Repair welding, Plastic deformation
1.
⥴ゝ
⁐᥋䛿ከ䛟䛾ᵓ㐀≀䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛᥋ྜἲ䛷䛒䜛䠊⁐
᥋䛿ᒁ㒊ⓗ䛻⇕䜢ຍ䛘䜛᥋ྜἲ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈⁐᥋㒊௜㏆
䛻ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛[1]䠊⾲㠃䛻Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛿
⑂ປᙉᗘ䛻ᝏᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛩[2]䠊ṧ␃ᛂຊ䜢పῶ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛜
䛔䛟䛴䛛ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[3]䠊䛭䛾୰䛷䠈⇕ฎ⌮䜔䝅䝵䝑䝖䝢䞊
䝙䞁䜾䛜ᐇ⏝໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[4] 䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾᪉ἲ䛷䛿䠈≉Ṧ䛺⿦
⨨䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜚䠈᫬㛫䛜䛛䛛䜛䛺䛹䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ䛜䛒䜛䠊⁐᥋ᚋ
䛻᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䜛᪉ἲ䜒ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾᭷ຠᛶ䛻䛴
䛔䛶䛿␲ၥど䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[5]䠊
ⴭ⪅䜙䛿᪂䛧䛔ṧ␃ᛂຊపῶἲ䛸䛧䛶᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙
⁐᥋䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䠈䛭䛾᭷ຠᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛶䛝䛯䠊
䛭䛾୰䛷䠈ⷧᯈ䛾✺ྜ䛫⁐᥋䛻䛚䛔䛶㒊ᮦ䛾ᅛ᭷᣺ືᩘ
䛻㏆䛔ẚ㍑ⓗప䛔᣺ືᩘ䛾᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛䛸ᘬ
ᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛯[6][7]䠊䜎䛯䠈ᗈ䛔
⠊ᅖ䛾࿘Ἴᩘᡂศ䜢ྵ䜐୙つ๎᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈
ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛯[8]䠊
୍᪉䛷䠈㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䛿ᅛయ୰䛷䛾ఏ㐩⋡䛜䜘䛔䛣䛸䛜▱
䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[9]䠊㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䛿㞴๐ᮦ䛾ษ๐䜔ረᛶຍᕤ䛺䛹
䛻฼⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛 [10] 䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䛣䛸䜢⪃៖䛧䛶䠈ⴭ⪅䜙䛿㉸
㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䠈ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂ
ຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛯[11]䠊
㔠ᆺ䛾⿵ಟ䛻䛿⁐᥋䛜౑䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾ሙྜ䠈㔠ᆺ䛾
⿵ಟ㒊䛾䜂䜃๭䜜䜢㜵䛠䛯䜑䛻䠈ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾పῶ䛜ᮃ䜎䜜
䛶䛔䜛䠊ⷧᯈ䛾ṧ␃ᛂຊపῶἲ䜢㔠ᆺ䛾䜘䛖䛺䝤䝻䝑䜽ᮦ䛻
ᛂ⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜜䜀䠈㔠ᆺ䛾⿵ಟ㒊䛾䜂䜃๭䜜䜢㜵䛠䛣
䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
ᮏሗ࿌䛷䛿䠈㔠ᆺ䛾⿵ಟ⁐᥋䛾㝿䛻᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻
䜘䛳䛶ṧ␃ᛂຊ䜢పῶ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢ᥦ᱌䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾᪉ἲ䛷䛿䠈
᣺ື䛸䛧䛶ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛸㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛䠊
㔠ᆺ䛾ヨ㦂∦䛸䛧䛶ཌᯈ䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື
䛚䜘䜃㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛䛸䠈ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜ప
ῶ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ䜢ゎᯒ䝰䝕䝹䜢⏝
䛔䛯䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䛳䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊ゎᯒ䝰䝕䝹䛸䛧䛶ረ
ᛶኚᙧ䜢⪃៖䛧䛯䜀䛽䜢䜒䛴䝰䝕䝹䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅
䝵䞁䛻䜘䛳䛶ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊
2.
ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛚䜘䜃㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䛯ᐇ㦂
ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛚䜘䜃㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛ᐇ㦂
䛻䜘䜚䠈ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾పῶ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊
2.1. ᐇ㦂⿦⨨
ᅗ㸯࡟ヨ㦂∦ࡢᑍἲࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᮦ㉁ࡣ୍⯡ᵓ㐀⏝ᅽᘏ㗰
ᮦ (JIS SS400)࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅽᘏ᫬ࡢṧ␃ᛂຊࢆ㝖ཤࡍࡿࡓࡵ
࡟㸪┿✵↝㕌⅔࡛ 1 ᫬㛫 900Υ࡟ಖᣢࡋ㸪200Υ࡟࡞ࡿࡲ
࡛⅔෭ࡋࡓ㸬ヨ㦂∦ࡢ୰ᚰ⥺࡟ἢࡗ࡚㛗ࡉ 150mm㸪ᖜ
5mm㸪῝ࡉ 2mm ࡢ⁁ࢆࡘࡅࡓ㸬㔠ᆺࡢ⿵ಟ࡟ぢ❧࡚࡚㸪
ࡇࡢ⁁㒊ศࢆ⁐᥋ࡍࡿᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺㸬
ᅗ㸰࡟ᐇ㦂⿦⨨ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡋࡓヨ㦂∦ࢆᅗ㸰ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ᨭᣢ⿦⨨ୖ࡟⨨ࡁ㸪ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື࠾ࡼࡧ㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື
ࢆຍ࠼࡞ࡀࡽ⁐᥋ࡋࡓ㸬
Received on September 30, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
**㒔❧⏘ᴗᢏ⾡㧗ᑓ䠈Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology
10
越水重臣
2.2. ᣺ື䛾 ᐃ
㻳㼍㼕㼚㻔㼐㻮㻕
Fig.1 Size of specimen (mm)
ヨ㦂∦ୖ䛾᣺ື䜢ຍ㏿ᗘ䝢䝑䜽䜰䝑䝥䛻䜘䜚⏝䛔䛶 ᐃ䛧
䛯䠊ຍ㏿ᗘ䛿ᅗ䠏䛻♧䛩䠑Ⅼ䠄A Ⅼ䛛䜙 E Ⅼ䠅䛷 ᐃ䛧䛯䠊
FFT 䜰䝘䝷䜲䝄䞊䜢⏝䛔䛶 ᐃ䛧䛯ຍ㏿ᗘ䛾䝟䝽䞊䝇䝨䜽䝖
䝹ᐦᗘ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒 ᐃ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
ᅗ䠐䛻 A Ⅼ䛷 ᐃ䛧䛯ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛾䝟䝽䞊䝇䝨䜽䝖䝹䜢♧
䛩䠊䜎䛯䠈ᅗ䠑䛻 A Ⅼ䛷 ᐃ䛧䛯㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䛾䝟䝽䞊䝇䝨䜽
䝖䝹ᐦᗘ䜢♧䛩䠊ᅗ䠐䛚䜘䜃ᅗ䠑䛛䜙䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜༳ຍ䛧䛯࿘
Ἴᩘᡂศ䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛 100Hz 䛚䜘䜃 37.5kHz 䛾䛸䛣䜝䛻䝢
䞊䜽䛜ほᐹ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊௚䛾Ⅼ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ྠᵝ䛾⤖
ᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䠈ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛚䜘䜃㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື
䛜ヨ㦂∦䛻Ⰻዲ䛻ఏ㐩䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䠊
㻜
㻙㻞㻜
㻙㻠㻜
㻙㻢㻜
㻙㻤㻜
㻙㻝㻜㻜
㻙㻝㻞㻜
㻙㻝㻠㻜
㻜
㻡㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㻝㻡㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻲㼞㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼥㻔㻴㼦㻕
Fig.2 Experimental setup
Fig.4 Power spectral density function of low frequency
vibration (Point A)
㻜
㻳㼍㼕㼚㻔㼐㻮㻕
㻙㻞㻜
Fig.3 Excitation point of ultrasonic vibration and
measuring locations of power spectral density
functions (mm)
㻙㻠㻜
㻙㻢㻜
㻙㻤㻜
㻙㻝㻜㻜
㻜
㻝㻜㻜㻜㻜
㻞㻜㻜㻜㻜
㻟㻜㻜㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜㻜㻜
㻡㻜㻜㻜㻜
㻲㼞㼑㼝㼡㼑㼚㼏㼥㻔㻴㼦㻕
ᅗ㸰࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ప࿘Ἴ᣺ືⓎ⏕ჾࡣᨭᣢᯈࡢୗ࡟
⨨ࡁ㸪ప࿘Ἴ᣺ືࡣᨭᣢᯈࡢୗ࠿ࡽヨ㦂∦ࡢ୰ᚰ࡟ຍ࠼
Fig.5 Power spectral density function of ultrasonic
vibration (Point A)
ࡓ㸬ప࿘Ἴ᣺ືࡢ᣺ືᩘࡣ 100Hz ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟㸪ᅗ
㸰࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟⨨࠸ࡓヨ㦂∦ࡢᅛ᭷᣺ືᩘࡣ 46Hz ࡛࠶
2.3. ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾 ᐃ
ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪100Hz ࡢప࿘Ἴ᣺ື࡟ࡼࡾヨ㦂∦ࡀ
ඹ᣺ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸㸬୍᪉ࡢ㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ືⓎ⏕ჾࡣᅗ㸱
࡟♧ࡍ఩⨨࡟⨨ࡁ㸪㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ືࡣヨ㦂∦ࡢୖ㠃࠿ࡽຍ࠼
ࡓ㸬㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ືࡢ᣺ືᩘࡣ 37.5kHz ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື
ࡢฟຊࡣ 100W ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ヨ㦂∦ࡣ⮬ືⅣ㓟࢞ࢫ࢔࣮ࢡ⁐
᥋⿦⨨ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⁐᥋ࡋࡓ㸬⁐᥋ࡣ୍ᒙ⁐᥋࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪
ẚ㍑ ᐃࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪᣺ືࢆຍ࠼࡞࠸࡛⁐᥋ࡋࡓヨ㦂∦ࡶ
〇సࡋࡓ㸬
⁁࡟ἢࡗ࡚⁐᥋ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬⁐᥋㏿ᗘࡣ 2mm/s ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ 75s ࡛⁐᥋ࡀ⤊஢ࡍࡿ㸬࣡࢖ࣖࡢᚄࡣ 0.9mm㸪
㟁ᅽࡣ 21V㸪㟁ὶࡣ 120A ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬
ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛿 6mol/䉭 䛾ሷ㓟䛷⁐᥋㒊䛾㓟໬⿕⭷䜢㝖ཤ
䛧䠈ᕷ㈍䛾໬Ꮫ◊☻ᾮ(CPL)䛷ᖹ⁥໬䛧䛯ᚋ䛻 X ⥺ᛂຊ ᐃ⿦⨨䠄ᰴᘧ఍♫䝸䜺䜽〇䠅䛷 ᐃ䛧䛯䠊⾲䠍䛻ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾
ᐃ᮲௳䜢♧䛧䛯䠊
ᅗ䠒䛻ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾 ᐃⅬ䜢♧䛩䠊ᅗ䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䠈䝡䞊䝗
ୖ䛾 13 Ⅼ䠈䝡䞊䝗┤ゅ᪉ྥ䛾 5 Ⅼ䛷䝡䞊䝗᪉ྥ䛾ṧ␃ᛂຊ
䜢 ᐃ䛧䛯䠊
2.4. ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䛯ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ
ᅗ 7(a)䛚䜘䜃ᅗ 7(b)䛻䛭䜜䛮䜜ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䛯ሙ
ྜ䛾䝡䞊䝗ୖ䛚䜘䜃䝡䞊䝗┤ゅ᪉ྥ䛾ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾 ᐃ⤖ᯝ
䜢♧䛩䠊
超音波振動と低周波振動を用いた溶接残留応力の低減
Table 1 Conditions of X ray stress measurements
Characteristic X-rays
Diffraction plane
Filter
Stress determination
Psi angle
Irradiated area
Tube voltage and
current
Scan condition
Peak determination
Direction of
measurement
X-ray optics
Cr-KD
D-Fe(211)
Vanadium foil
sin2\ method
0o, 15o, 30o, 45o
2™4mm2
30kV, 8mA
1.0o
Half value width
method
Direction of bead
ྠᅗ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䕿䛿ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛪䛻 ᐃ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䠈
䖃䛿ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙 ᐃ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䠊ప࿘Ἴ
᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛔ሙྜ䠈䝡䞊䝗ୖ䛷䛿ᅗ 7(a)䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䛩䜉
䛶䛾Ⅼ䛷ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊䛸䛟䛻䝡䞊䝗୰ኸ㒊䛷
㧗䛔ᘬᙇṧᛂຊ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐
᥋䛩䜛䛸䠈ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䝡䞊䝗┤ゅ᪉ྥ
䛷䛿ᅗ 7(b)䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䠈ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛔ሙྜ䛻䛿
ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋
䛩䜛䛸䠈ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊୧ᅗ
䛛䜙䠈ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶ᘬᙇṧ
␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䜛ຠᯝ䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊
2.5. ㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䛯ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ
ᅗ 8(a)䛚䜘䜃ᅗ 8(b)䛻䛭䜜䛮䜜㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䛯ሙ
ྜ䛾䝡䞊䝗ୖ䛚䜘䜃䝡䞊䝗┤ゅ᪉ྥ䛾ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾 ᐃ⤖ᯝ
䜢♧䛩䠊䕿䛿㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛪䛻 ᐃ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䠈䖃䛿㉸
㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙 ᐃ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䠊㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢
ຍ䛘䛺䛔ሙྜ䠈䝡䞊䝗ୖ䛷䛿ᅗ 8(a)䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䛩䜉䛶䛾Ⅼ
䛷ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊䛸䛟䛻䝡䞊䝗୰ኸ㒊䛷㧗䛔ᘬ
ᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩
䜛䛸䠈ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䝡䞊䝗┤ゅ᪉ྥ䛷䛿
ᅗ 8(b)䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䠈㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛔ሙྜ䛻䛿ᘬᙇ
ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛䛸䠈
ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊୧ᅗ䛛䜙䠈㉸
㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ
䛜పῶ䛥䜜䜛ຠᯝ䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊
Parallel beam
Fig.6 Measuring locations of residual stress (mm)
㻟㻡㻜
㻾㼑㼟㼕㼐㼡㼍㼘㻌㻿㼠㼞㼑㼟㼟㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕
㻾㼑㼟㼕㼐㼡㼍㼘㻌㼟㼠㼞㼑㼟㼟㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕
㻟㻡㻜
㻟㻜㻜
㻞㻡㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻝㻡㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼢㼕㼎㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼢㼕㼎㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㻡㻜
㻜
㻙㻤㻜 㻙㻢㻜 㻙㻠㻜 㻙㻞㻜
㻜
㻞㻜
㻠㻜
㻢㻜
㻟㻜㻜
㻞㻡㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻝㻡㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼢㼕㼎㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼢㼕㼎㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㻡㻜
㻜
㻙㻤㻜 㻙㻢㻜 㻙㻠㻜 㻙㻞㻜
㻾㼑㼟㼕㼐㼡㼍㼘㻌㻿㼠㼞㼑㼟㼟㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕
㻾㼑㼟㼕㼐㼡㼍㼘㻌㼟㼠㼞㼑㼟㼟㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕
㻡㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜
㻟㻜㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㻜
㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼢㼕㼎㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼢㼕㼎㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㻙㻢㻜
㻙㻠㻜
㻙㻞㻜
㻜
㻞㻜
㻠㻜
㻞㻜
㻠㻜
㻢㻜
㻤㻜
(a) on the bead
(a) on the bead
㻙㻞㻜㻜
㻜
㻰㼕㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㼎㼑㼍㼐㻔㼙㼙㻕
㻤㻜
㻰㼕㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㼎㼑㼍㼐㻔㼙㼙㻕
㻙㻝㻜㻜
11
㻢㻜
㻰㼕㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻌㼎㼑㼍㼐㻔㼙㼙㻕
(b) on line perpendicular to the bead
Fig.7 Residual stress using low frequency vibration
㻠㻡㻜
㻠㻜㻜
㻟㻡㻜
㻟㻜㻜
㻞㻡㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻝㻡㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㻡㻜
㻜
㼣㼕㼠㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌㼢㼕㼎㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼢㼕㼎㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚
㻙㻢㻜
㻙㻠㻜
㻙㻞㻜
㻜
㻞㻜
㻠㻜
㻢㻜
㻰㼕㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㼎㼑㼍㼐㻔㼙㼙㻕
(b) on line perpendicular to the bead
Fig.8 Residual stress using ultrasonic vibration
12
越水重臣
3.
ゎᯒ᪉ἲ
⁐᥋┤ᚋ䛾⁐᥋㒊௜㏆䛾㝆అຊ䛿㠀ᖖ䛻ప䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯
䜑䛻䠈ᑠ䛥䛔እຊ䜢ຍ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶ᐜ᫆䛻ረᛶኚᙧ䛜⏕
䛨䜛䠊᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶ረᛶኚᙧ䛜⏕䛨䠈䜂䛪䜏䛜
㛤ᨺ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶⁐᥋ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙
䜜䜛䠊䛣䛾᮲௳䜢⪃៖䛧䛯䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈䝡䞊䝗䛾
୰ኸ㒊௜㏆䛻䛚䛡䜛ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾పῶ䜢ᐃᛶⓗ䛻᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣
䛸䛜ゎᯒ䛾┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠊
3.1. ゎᯒ䝰䝕䝹
ゎᯒ䛻⏝䛔䛯䠎ḟඖ䝰䝕䝹䜢ᅗ䠕䛻♧䛩 [12] 䠊䛣䛾ᅗ䛿ヨ
㦂∦䛾䝡䞊䝗௜㏆䜢䝰䝕䝹໬䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊ᶓ㍈䠄x ㍈䠅䛿
䝡䞊䝗┤ゅ᪉ྥ䠈⦪㍈䠄y ㍈䠅䛿䝡䞊䝗᪉ྥ䜢♧䛩䠊
ky
u
kx
u
kx
m
ky
z Zn 2 z Zpx
u
䛣䛣䛷䠈Zpx 䛿Ọஂኚ఩䜢⾲䛧䠈 Zn
(1)
2k x / m 䛿ᙎᛶ⠊ᅖෆ
䛾ᅛ᭷෇᣺ືᩘ䜢⾲䛩䠊Zfx 䜢ᙎᛶ㝈⏺ኚ఩䛸䛩䜛䛸䠈䜀䛽
䛜ᘬᙇຊ䜢ཷ䛡䛶㝆అ䛧䛯ሙྜ䛾㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧ䛿ḟᘧ䛷୚
䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 z 2Fx / m u 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌
㻌
㻌 (2)
䛣䛣䛷䠈 Fx 䛿 x ㍈䛻䛚䛡䜛䜀䛽䛾㝆అຊ䜢⾲䛩䠊Zpr 䜢 㻌 㻌
z <0,䛸䛺䛳䛯䛸䛝䛾ኚ఩䛸䛩䜛䛸䠈Zpx = Zpr䠉Zfx 䛸䛺䜚䠈ᙎ
ᛶ⠊ᅖෆ䛾ᘧ(1)䛻ᡠ䜛䠊
㻌 ᅽ⦰ຊ䜢ཷ䛡䛶㝆అ䛩䜛ሙྜ䛻䠈ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛻┦ᙜ䛩䜛
Fys 䛜ኚ໬䛧䠈㝆అຊ䛜ኚ໬䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾ሙྜ䠈㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧ
䛿䠈
z 2 Fx Fys / m u
㻌
㻌㻌㻌㻌
(3)
Ze 䜢᣺ື㛤ጞ᫬䛾㝆అኚ఩䛸䛩䜛䛸䠈䛣䛾䛸䛝䛾㝆అຊ
Fys 䛿 kyZe 䛸䛺䜛䠊Zmr 䜢 z >0 䛸䛺䛳䛯䛸䛝䛾ኚ఩䛸䛩䜛䛸䠈
Zpx=Zmr+Zfx 䛷䛒䜚ᘧ(3)䛾㝆అຊ䛻┦ᙜ䛩䜛 Fx䠉Fys 䛿ḟ
ᘧ䛷୚䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
Fx Fys Fx k y Ze Zpy
㻌
(4)
^
ze
ky
kx
㻌㻌㻌
(a) without preload
u
ᅗ䠕(b)䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䠈y ㍈᪉ྥ䛾䜀䛽䜢㔮ྜ䛔఩⨨䛛䜙
Ze ᘬᙇ䛳䛯≧ែ䛷 x ᪉ྥ䛻᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䜛䠊kyZe 䛜᣺ື䜢ຍ
䛘䛺䛔ሙྜ䛾ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾┦ᙜ䛩䜛䠊䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䜀䛽䛜᏶඲
ᙎረᛶᒚṔ᚟ඖຊ≉ᛶ䜢䜒䛴䜒䛾䛸䛧䛯䠊
ᅗ䠍䠌䛻 x ㍈᪉ྥ䛾᚟ඖຊ䛸ኚ఩䛾㛵ಀ䜢♧䛩䠊x ㍈䛸㻌 㻌
y ㍈䛜୺ᛂຊ䛾᪉ྥ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䠈䜀䛽䛜ᅗ䠍䠍䛻♧䛩䝖䝺䝇
䜹䛾㝆అ᮲௳䛻䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶㝆అ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛸䛧䛯䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿 Fy
䛸 Fx 䛿➼䛧䛔䜒䛾䛸䛧䛯䠊
ධຊ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㉁Ⅼ䛾ኚ఩䜢 z(x-u)䛸䛩䜛䛸䠈ᙎᛶ⠊ᅖෆ
䛾 x ㍈᪉ྥ䛾㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧ䛿䠈
u
kx
`
䛣䛣䛷䠈Zpy 䛿 y ㍈᪉ྥ䛾Ọஂኚ఩䛾࿴䜢⾲䛩䠊y ㍈᪉ྥ䛾
ኚ఩䛻ᑐ䛧䛶㝆అ㡿ᇦ䛜䝡䞊䝗䛾ᖜ䛸➼䛧䛟䠈䛣䛾㡿ᇦ䛾య
✚䛜➼䛧䛔䛸䛩䜛䛸䠈
Z py 0.5Z px
(5)
㻌
m
䛣䜜䜙䛾᮲௳䜢⪃៖䛧䛶䠈ᙎᛶ⠊ᅖෆ䛾ᘧ(1)䛻ᡠ䜛䠊᣺
ື䜢ຍ䛘䛯ᚋ䛾ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛿ḟᘧ䛷୚䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
Fyf k y Ze Z py
㻌㻌
(6)
ky
ze
(b) with preload
Fig.9 Two dimensional model
x ㍈᪉ྥ䛸 y ㍈᪉ྥ䛾ᛂຊ䛿ᅗ䠍䠍䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛺⤒㊰䜢䛯
䛹䜛䠊Ọஂኚ఩䛜⏕䛨䜛䛸䛝䛻ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䜛䠊ᅽ⦰
ຊ䜢ཷ䛡䛯ሙྜ䛻㝆అ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䛾䛷䠈ᅗ䠍䠍䛷䛿ᅽ⦰
ຊ䜢ཷ䛡䜛ሙྜ䛻⣔䛜㝆అ䛩䜛䛸䛧䛯䠊ᐇ㝿䛾ィ⟬䛷䛿ᅽ
⦰ຊ䜢ཷ䛡䛯ሙྜ䛻䛾䜏㝆అ䛧䛯䠊
fy
f
x
Fy
F
x
kyZe
̿
Fx
Fx
k Z
x fx
0
Z
fx
Zpr
fx
z-Z
fx
̿
Fig.10 Perfectly-elasto-plastic force-deformation
relation
Fy
Fig.11 Tresca yield criterion
超音波振動と低周波振動を用いた溶接残留応力の低減
3.2. ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
ධຊຍ㏿ᗘ 䛿ḟᘧ䛷୚䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
㻌㻌㻌
㻌 㻌 㻌 u U sin Zt
(7)
䛣䛣䛷䠈U 䛿ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛚䜘䜃㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䛾᣺ᖜ䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌 㻌
Z䛿 100Hz 䜎䛯䛿 37.5kHz 䛻┦ᙜ䛩䜛෇᣺ືᩘ䛷䛒䜛䠊᣺
ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛧䛯ሙྜ䛸᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛔䛷⁐᥋䛧䛯ሙ
ྜ䛾ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾ẚ䜢ồ䜑䛯䠊
⾲䠎䛚䜘䜃⾲䠏䛻䛭䜜䛮䜜ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛚䜘䜃㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື
䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⤖ᯝ䜢♧䛩䠊Fy 䛿୍㍈ᛂຊ≧ែ䛻䛚䛡䜛㝆అຊ䛷
䛒䜛䠊ヨ㦂∦䛾ᅛ᭷᣺ືᩘ䛿 46Hz 䛷䛒䜛䠊kyZe/Fy 䛿 0.9 䛸
䛧䛯䠊඲䛶䛾᮲௳䛷᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛧䛯ሙྜ䛸᣺ື䜢
ຍ䛘䛺䛔䛷⁐᥋䛧䛯ሙྜ䛾ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛾ẚ䛜 1 ௨ୗ䛸䛺䛳䛶
䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛚䜘䜃㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙
⁐᥋䛩䜛䛸ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈
F䡕/mU 䛜ᑠ䛥䛔䜋䛹䠈ධຊ᣺ᖜ䛜኱䛝䛔䜋䛹ṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜ప
ῶ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䠊
Table 2 Ratio of residual stress with low frequency
vibration to that without low frequency vibration
(100Hz, kyZe/Fy=0.9)
F㹷/mU
Fyf/kyZe
2.0
0.515
3.0
0.770
4.0
0.861
Table 3 Ratio of residual stress with ultrasonic
vibration to that without ultrasonic vibration
(37.5kHz, kyZe/Fy=0.9)
F㹷/mU
Fyf/kyZe
4.
0.06
0.728
0.08
0.740
0.10
0.818
⤖ゝ
㔠ᆺ䛾⿵ಟ⁐᥋䛻䛚䛡䜛ṧ␃ᛂຊపῶ䛻ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛸
㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䛜䛚䜘䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊䜎䛪䠈ప࿘
Ἴ᣺ື䜢ཌᯈ䛻ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝
䛔䛺䛔ሙྜ䛻䛿䠈䝡䞊䝗䛾୰ኸ䛻㧗䛔ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜⏕䛨
䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䛯䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜
పῶ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊ḟ䛻䠈ཌᯈ䛻㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘
䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢⏝䛔䛯ሙྜ䛻䛿䠈䝡䞊䝗
䛾୰ኸ䛾ᘬᙇṧ␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊᭱ᚋ
䛻䠈ረᛶኚᙧ䜢⪃៖䛧䛯䜀䛽䜢䜒䛴ゎᯒ䝰䝕䝹䜢⏝䛔䛯䝅䝭
䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䛳䛶ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈ప࿘
Ἴ᣺ື䛚䜘䜃㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢ຍ䛘䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䛩䜛䛸䠈ᘬᙇṧ
␃ᛂຊ䛜పῶ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䠊
௒ᚋ䠈ప࿘Ἴ᣺ື䛸㉸㡢Ἴ᣺ື䜢㔜␚䛧䛺䛜䜙⁐᥋䜢⾜
䛔䠈䛭䛾ຠᯝ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯䛔䠊䛥䜙䛻䛿䠈ᐇ⏝ᛶ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䛯
䜑䛻䠈ヨ㦂∦䛾ᙧ≧䜔ཌ䜏䜢ኚ䛘䛺䛜䜙䛾ᐇ㦂䜒⾜䛳䛶䛔䛟
ணᐃ䛷䛒䜛䠊
5.
13
ㅰ㎡
ᮏ◊✲䛿䠈ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘ䛛䜙 25 ᖺᗘ䛾኱Ꮫ䞉㧗ᑓ㐃ᦠ஦
ᴗᇶ㔠䛾᥼ຓ䜢ཷ䛡䛶⾜䜟䜜䛯䛣䛸䜢グ䛧䠈䛣䛣䛻ឤㅰ䛾ព
䜢⾲䛩䜛䠊
[1]
Mele, E., Calado,L. and Luca,A.D., Experimental
Investigation on European Welded Connections, J.
Structural Engineering, ASCE, 129-10 (2003),
pp.1301-1311.
[2] Frost,N.E., Marsh,K.J. and Pook,L.P., Metal Fatigue,
Dover, New York, (1999), pp.332-337
[3] Le, N.V., Method and Mechanism of Beneficial
Residual Stress in Tube, J. Pressure Vessel Technology,
ASME, 116-2 (1994), pp.175-178.
[4] Nakacho, K., A Simple Estimating Method for
Reduction of Welding Residual Stresses in Thick
Welded Joint from Stress-Relief Annealing-Part III:
Development of Estimating Equations for Multiaxial
Stress State in Thick Welded Joint, J. Pressure Vessel
Technology, ASME, 124-1 (2002), pp.14-21.
[5] Gnirss, G., Vibration and Vibratory Stress Relief.
Historical Development, Theory and Practical
Application , Welding in the World, 26-11/12 (1988),
pp.4-8.
[6] Aoki, S., Nishimura, T. and Hiroi, T., Reduction of
Residual Stress for Welded Joint Using Vibrational
Load, Steel and Composite Structure, 4-5 (2004),
pp.355-365.
[7] Aoki, S., Nishimura, T., Hiroi, T. and Hirai, S.,
Reduction Method for Residual Stress of Welded Joint
Using
Harmonic
Vibrational
Load,
Nuclear
Engineering and Design, 237 (2007), pp.206-212.
[8] Aoki, S., Nishimura, T. and Hiroi, T., Reduction Method
for Residual Stress of Welded Joint Using Random
Vibration, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 235 (2005),
pp.1441-1445.
[9] Rose,J.L., Ultrasonic Waves in Solid Media, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, (1999), pp.40-53.
[10] Electronic Industries Association of Japan, Ultrasonic
Engineering, Corona Publishing, Tokyo, (1993),
184-188.
[11] Aoki, S., Nishimura, T., Hirai, S. and Hiroi, T., Effect of
Ultrasonic Vibration on Reduction of Residual Stress of
Welded Joint, Proc. Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference
2001, 3 (2001), pp.810-814.
[12] Aoki, S., Nishimura, T., Hiroi, T., Hirai, S. and Kamiya,
M., Effect of Vibrations with Different Frequencies on
Reduction of Residual Stress of Welded Joint,
Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced
Technology in Experimental Mechanics 2007, CD-ROM Paper
No.OS3-2-1, (2007).
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.15－19 （2012） 〔論文〕
ᅜෆࡢᢏ⾡≉ᛶ࠿ࡽぢࡿ
࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ⪃ᐹ
ྜྷ⏣ ᩄ*
Fundamental Study of Weak Points for Innovation
In Japanese Technological Mechanism
Satoshi Yoshida*
Abstract
It is important to discuss and understand the characteristic of Japanese industrial area in these days
because of economic and social condition. This paper analyzes industrial characteristics and product
characteristics with Architecture concept which is based on the relationship among elements of
artifacts. Especially, it is quite valuable to study the possibility of innovation to recover from today’s
situation. So this paper discusses the fundamental mechanism of innovation and the characteristics of
Japanese creation and manufacturing characteristics. Then, some directions and methods for future
development of several industrial areas in Japan is discussed.
Keywords: Innovation Process, Characteristics of Industry, Architecture Concept, Integration of
elements, Kaizen
1 䛿䛨䜑䛻
⌧ᅾ䚸ᅜෆ䛾ከ䛟䛾௻ᴗ䛿䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾஦ᴗ䜢ぢ┤䛩ᚲせ
ᛶ䜢㆟ㄽ䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸≉䛻᭱⤊㢳ᐈ䛜㈙䛔ᡭ䛸䛺䜛〇ရศ㔝
䠄B2C䠅䛾⏘ᴗ䜢୰ᚰ䛻ᅜ㝿➇த䛾୰䛷᪩ᛴ䛺ᑐᛂ䜢㏕䜙
䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸ᅜෆ௻ᴗ䛿䚸iPod 䜔 SNS 䛺䛹䛾䜲䝜䝧䞊
䝔䜱䝤䛺〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾๰ฟ䛿ᴟ䜑䛶㝈䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸ゝ䜟
䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛺䛔㒊ศ䛜䛒䜛䚹
ᮏ✏䛷䛿䚸䛣䛣ᩘᖺ㢖⦾䛻౑䜟䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䜲䝜䝧䞊
䝅䝵䞁䛸䛔䛖ᴫᛕ䛻╔┠䛧䚸䛭䜜䛜ᅜෆ௻ᴗ䛷᥎㐍䛧䛶䛔䛟
ୖ䛷䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶⪃ᐹ䜢ຍ䛘䛶䛔䛟䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹≉䛻䚸
᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡䛻㛵䛩䜛≉ᛶ䛜䚸䛣䜜䛛䜙㉳䛣䛭䛖䛸䛩䜛䜲䝜䝧
䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻ᑐ䛧䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛩ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛛䜢
㆟ㄽ䛧䛶䛔䛟䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹
䜛᫬Ⅼ䜢㉸䛘䜛䛸䠄B ẁ㝵䠅䚸▷ᮇ㛫䛻䛹䜣䛹䜣〇ရ䛾䝟䞊䝣
䜷䝬䞁䝇䛜ୖ䛜䜚䚸୍⯡ⓗ䛻ᕷሙ䛻䜒ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䚹
䛯䛰䚸᭱⤊ẁ㝵䛷䛿〇ရ䛻㛵䛩䜛䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬䞁䝇䛿ୖ䛜䜙
䛺䛟䛺䜚䚸䛣䛾᫬Ⅼ䠄C ẁ㝵䠅䛷䛿Ᏻ౯䛷౑䛔䜔䛩䛔〇ရ䛜
୺せ䛸䛺䜚䚸䛭䜜䜙䛿ᕷሙ䛻ከ䛟ฟᅇ䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸〇
ရ䛾኎䜜➽䛛䜙ᕷሙ䛜ḧ䛩䜛〇ရ䛾䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬䞁䝇䛜᫂☜
䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䜢ព࿡䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹
䛱䛺䜏䛻䚸᪥ᮏ䛷䛿䚸〇ရ䛾㉁䜢䛹䜣䛹䜣ୖ䛢䛶䛔䛟➇த
䛾 B ẁ㝵䛷ᡂຌ䜢཰䜑䛶䛝䛯௻ᴗ䛜ከ䛔䛸䛔䛘䜘䛖䚹䜎䛯䚸
䛭䛾ᚋ䛾 C ẁ㝵䛷䛿䝁䝇䝖➇த䛸䛺䜚䚸䛔䛛䛻Ᏻ౯䛻⏕⏘䛩
䜛䛛䛜㔜せ䛸䛺䜚䚸୰ᅜ௻ᴗ䜔㡑ᅜ௻ᴗ䛺䛹䛜ᕷሙ䜢䛸䜛ഴ
ྥ䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠎䠅
2 ᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛺≉ᛶ䛾ᣢ䛴ྍ⬟ᛶ
2.1 ᢏ⾡䛾䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬䞁䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛⥅᫬ⓗኚ໬
䜎䛪䚸ᢏ⾡䛾ኚ໬䜢᫬㛫䛾⤒㐣䛻ἢ䛳䛶⪃ᐹ䛩䜛䚹ᅗ䠍
䛿䚸ᢏ⾡䛾ືྥ䛻䜘䜛〇ရ≉ᛶ䛾᥎⛣䜢⾲䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹
䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠍䠅⦪㍈䛿䚸〇ရ䛾䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬䞁䝇䜢⾲䛧䚸ලయⓗ
䛻䛿〇ရ䛾ရ㉁䚸㍍䛥䚸ᑠ䛥䛥䚸౯᱁䛾Ᏻ䛥䛺䛹䛜ヱᙜ䛩䜛䚹
ᶓ㍈䛿䚸ᢞධ䛥䜜䛯⤒῭ⓗ㈨※䜢⾲䛩䚹ලయⓗ䛻䛿䚸ᢞ㈨
䝁䝇䝖䚸䛛䛡䛯᫬㛫䚸ᑐᛂ䛧䛶䛝䛯⥲ேᩘ䛺䛹䛜ヱᙜ䛩䜛䚹䛣
䛾䜾䝷䝣䛿ᢏ⾡䛾 S Ꮠ᭤⥺䛺䛹䛸࿧䜀䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸୍⯡ⓗ䛻䛿䚸
ᅗ 1 䛾䜘䛖䛻 S Ꮠᆺ䛾᭤⥺䜢ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
ᙜึ䠄A ẁ㝵䠅䛿ᢞ㈨䝁䝇䝖䜔᫬㛫䜢䛛䛡䛶䜒䚸䛺䛛䛺䛛ᕷ
ሙ䛻ฟ䛫䛭䛖䛺〇ရ䛜䛷䛝䛪䚸ⱞປ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛒
Received on
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ, Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology
ᅗ䠍㻌 ᢏ⾡䛾 S Ꮠ䜹䞊䝤䛾ᴫᛕ
16
吉田敏
2.2 ᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᛶ䛸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾㜼ᐖせᅉ
䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶⪃䛘䛯᫬䚸䜲䝜䝧
䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢㉳䛣䛩䛣䛸䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㜼ᐖせᅉ䛸䛺䜚ᚓ䜛せ⣲䜢᳨
ウ䛧䚸௬ㄝ䛸䛧䛶ᥦ♧䛧䛶䛔䛟䚹
2.2.1㻌 㢳ᐈ䛾せᮃ䜢⌮ゎ䛧䛻䛟䛔䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮
䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䚸♫఍䛻౯್䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䚸ᾐ㏱䛧䛶䛔䛟
⌧㇟䛷䛒䜛௨ୖ䚸㢳ᐈ䛾せᮃ䛾⌮ゎ䛜ᴟ䜑䛶㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䚹
䛣䛾Ⅼ䛛䜙௨ୗ䛾䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䛶䛔䛝䛯䛔䚹
䠍䠅㻌 䛴䛟䜚㎸䜏䜈䛾㈹㈶
䜎䛪䚸స䜚ᡭ䛜ᆅ㐨䛻ᨵၿ䜢✚䜏㔜䛽䜛䛣䛸䜈䛾㈹㈶䛻
䛴䛔䛶⪃䛘䛶䛔䛟ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹
ከ䛟䛾ඃ䜜䛯ᅜෆ௻ᴗ䛿䚸ᴟ䜑䛶㧗䛔㉁䛾๰㐀䝯䜹䝙䝈
䝮䜢䛴䛟䜚ୖ䛢䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸᭱⤊ⓗ䛺〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䛰
䛡䛷䛺䛟䚸タィ䜔⏕⏘䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䜔⤌⧊యไ䛺䛹䚸ከ䛟䛾
๰㐀䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾୰䛷ᚭᗏⓗ䛻ከ䛟䛾せ⣲䛾㉁䜢㧗䜑䛶䛔䜛
ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜘䛖䚹
౛䛘䜀䚸䛒䜛〇㐀ᴗ䛾䝸䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䜹䞁䝟䝙䞊䛾୺ຊᕤሙ
䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ྛᕤ⛬䛻䛚䛡䜛䛂໶䛃䛜䝡䝕䜸䜔෗┿䜢㏻䛧䛶⤂
௓䛥䜜䚸䛭䛾⬟ຊ䛛䜙๰䜚ฟ䛥䜜䜛ရ㉁䛜䛂䛚ᐈᵝ䛾䛯䜑䛃䛷
䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖ゎㄝ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹䛭䛣䛻䛿䚸ᬑ㏻䛾䝴䞊䝄䞊
䛷䛿㐪䛔䛜䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒䛒䜛䜘䛖䛺ᚭᗏⓗ䛺ရ㉁䛾ྥ
ୖ䛜ᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䛜䛒䜛䚹ᢸᙜ⪅䛻䝠䝲䝸䞁䜾䛧䚸ᮏᙜ䛻
䛂䛚ᐈᵝ䛾䛯䜑䛃䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛸䚸䛂㧗ရ㉁䜢
ồ䜑䜛ே䛻䛿ศ䛛䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖⟅䛜䛺䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䛾஦౛䜢䚸⪃ᐹ
䛧䛶䛔䛟䛸䚸స䜚ᡭ䛸䛧䛶㢮䜎䜜䛺ရ㉁ྥୖ䛻ᐤ୚䛷䛝䜛⬟ຊ
䛜㧗䛟ホ౯䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸䜸䞊䝞䞊䝇䝨䝑䜽
䛺䛹䜈䛾ᑐᛂ䛻㝈⏺䛜䛒䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ྵ䜣䛷䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺஦౛䛿䚸䝴䞊䝄䞊䛾せᮃ䛾ᢕᥱ䛻㛵䛧䚸స䜚ᡭ䛾
⪃䛘᪉䛻୙᫂☜䛺㒊ศ䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜸䞊䝞
䞊䝇䝨䝑䜽䛺䛹䛾༴㝤ᛶ䜢ྵ䜑䚸䝴䞊䝄䞊䛜ᮏᙜ䛻ồ䜑䛶
䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢ṇ☜䛻⌮ゎ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸䛿⪃䛘䛻䛟䛔䚹ᅗ䠍䛷
ゝ䛘䜀䚸C ẁ㝵䜢✺䛝ᢤ䛡䛶ୖ䜈ୖ䜈䛸ྥ䛛䛚䛖䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢
ព࿡䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ゝ䛔᥮䛘䜛䛺䜙䚸䛩䛷䛻ᕷሙ䛾䜋䛸䜣䛹䛜せ
ᮃ䛩䜛䜘䛖䛺ရ㉁䛻䛿ᒆ䛔䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䚸ᚲせ䛾䛺䛔䝺䝧䝹䛸
䛔䛖䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
ᅜෆ௻ᴗ䛾ෆ㒊䛻䛿䚸඲䛶䛾ഃ㠃䛛䜙㧗䛔㉁䜢☜ಖ䛩䜛
䛣䛸䛜⫯ᐃ䛥䜜䜛ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸ᅜෆ䛾〇
ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢䛴䛟䜛௻ᴗ䛷䛒䜜䜀䚸᩾᪂䛺䝡䝆䝛䝇䝰䝕䝹
䛺䛹䛾ᡓ␎㠃䜘䜚䚸ᆅ㐨䛺ᢏ⾡㒊㝲䛻䜘䜛㉁ⓗྥୖ䛾⥔ᣢ
䛜ඃඛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ഴྥ䜢ྰᐃ䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹
䛣䜜䜙䛿䚸ඛ⾜◊✲䛾ෆᐜ䛸▩┪䛧䛺䛔䚹⸨ᮏ䛜ᣦ᦬䛧䛶
䛔䜛᧿䜚䛒䜟䛫䛻䜘䜛タィᛮ᝿䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠏䠅䛛䜙䜒䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖
䛺⤖ㄽ䛸䛺䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
䠎䠅㻌 䝬䞊䜿䝔䜱䞁䜾䛻䛚䛡䜛䝪䝍䞁䛾᥃䛡㐪䛔
䝬䞊䜿䝔䜱䞁䜾䛾┠ⓗ䛿ᕷሙ䛸௻ᴗ䜢⤖䜃䛴䛡䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒
䜛䛜䚸䛭䛾୰䛷䜒ᕷሙ䛜ఱ䜢ồ䜑䛶䛔䜛䛛䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜୍䛴
䛾୺せ䛺┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸⌧ᅾ䛾ᅜෆ䛾ከ䛟䛾௻ᴗ䛷䛸
䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛ලయⓗ䛺ᡭἲ䛻䛿㐪࿴ឤ䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸䝬䞊䜿䝔䜱䞁䜾䛾どⅬ䛛䜙䜒୺せ䛺ᡭἲ䛾୍䛴
䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚸䝅䝵䞊䝹䞊䝮䜢ྲྀ䜚ୖ䛢䛶⪃ᐹ䜢ຍ䛘䜛䚹ᅜෆ䜢௦
⾲䛩䜛௻ᴗ䛻䛿༑ศ䛻᳨ウ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛯䝅䝵䞊䝹䞊䝮䛜䛒䜛
ሙྜ䛜ከ䛔䚹㏻ᖖ䚸ඃ䜜䛯ᒎ♧✵㛫䛜䛒䜚䚸〇ရ䛜㨩ຊⓗ
䛻ぢ䛘䜛䜘䛖₇ฟ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹せ䛩䜛䛻䚸䛭䛣䜢ゼ䜜䛯䝴䞊䝄
䞊䛿䚸᪂〇ရ䛻㨩஢䛥䜜䚸ᒎ♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䝰䝕䝹䜢㉎ධ䛧䛯
䛟䛺䜛䛸䛔䛖䜟䛡䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾඲䛶䛾䝅䝵䞊䝹䞊䝮
䛿䚸䛭䛾┠ⓗ䜢ᯝ䛯䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸ゝ䛔ษ䜜䛺䛔㒊ศ䛜䛒䜛䚹
ྛ௻ᴗ䛾䝅䝵䞊䝹䞊䝮䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䚸タィ⪅䛻䝠䝲䝸䞁䜾䛩䜛
䛸䚸♫ෆ䛾ྛ㒊⨫䛛䜙ᣦ♧䛥䜜䛯䚸᪂䛧䛔ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ䜔〇ရ
䛾ᨵၿⅬ䛺䛹䚸䛭䛾〇ရ䛾㛗ᡤ䛾᫂♧䛜᭱኱䛾┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛
䛸ᣦ᦬䛩䜛䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸♫ෆ䛾௻⏬㒊⨫䚸タィ㒊⨫䚸⏕⏘㒊⨫䚸
㈍ಁ㒊⨫䛛䜙䛿䚸䜰䝢䞊䝹䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖䛜♧䛥䜜䚸䛭䜜䛻ᇶ䛵
䛔䛶㞝ᘚ䛻ఏ䛘䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛰䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸
䛣䜜䛷䛿䚸ᮏ᮶䛾┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䚸ᕷሙ䛸௻ᴗ䜢⤖䜃䛴䛡䜛䛸䛔
䛖ഃ㠃䛜ⴠ䛱䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
ᴟ䜎䜜䛻䚸ᕷሙ䛸௻ᴗ䜢⤖䜃䛴䛡䜛┠ⓗ䛻≉໬䛧䛯䝅䝵䞊
䝹䞊䝮䛜䛒䜛䚹䛭䜜䛿䚸䝴䞊䝄䞊䛜䜋䛧䛔᝟ሗ䛜ఱ䛛䜢ᚭᗏ
ⓗ䛻⪃䛘䛶䛴䛟䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹㏻ᖖ䛾䝅䝵䞊䝹䞊䝮
䛷䛿䚸䛴䛟䜚ᡭ䛜䜰䝢䞊䝹䛧䛯䛔䛣䛸䜢୪䜉䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜚䚸
ゝ䜟䜀ᑐᴟ䛾≧ែ䛸䛔䛘䜛䚹せ䛩䜛䛻䚸స䜚ᡭ䛜䚸⮬ศ㐩䛜
䛹䜣䛺䛻䛩䛤䛔〇ရ䜢๰䜚ฟ䛧䛯䛛䜢ᒎ♧䛧䛯䛔䛰䛡䛸䛔䛖䛣
䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛭䜣䛺䛣䛸䛿㢳ᐈ䛻䛿㛵ಀ䛺䛔䛾䛛䜒䛧䜜
䛺䛔䚹㏻ᖖ㢳ᐈ䛿⊂⮬䛾䝇䝖䞊䝸䞊䜢ᣢ䛳䛶〇ရ䜢㉎ධ䛧䚸
౑⏝䛧䛶䛔䛟䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠐䠅
2.2.2㻌 ⎔ቃ䛾ኚ໬䛻ᑐ䛩䜛୙㐺ྜ
䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䚸័⾜㌶㐨䛾ኚ᭦䛜๓ᥦ䛸䛺䜛䛜䚸䛣䛾
ኚ໬䜈䛾ᑐᛂຊ䛻䛴䛔䛶⪃䛘䛶䜏䜛䚹
䠍䠅㻌 ᡂຌయ㦂䛾ඹ᭷
⌧ᅾ䛾ከ䛟䛾ඃ䜜䛯ᅜෆ௻ᴗ䛿䚸䛴䛟䛳䛯〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡
䝇䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ᅗ 1 䛾 B ẁ㝵䛻䛚䛡䜛ᡂຌయ㦂䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹
䛭䛧䛶䚸䛭䛾య㦂䛾グ᠈䛿䚸ྛ௻ᴗ䛻䛚䛔䛶⤌⧊ᩥ໬䛾ᇶ
┙䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛㠃䛜䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛺䛬䛺䜙䚸ྛ௻ᴗ䛾♫
ဨ䚸䛭䜜䜒ᖿ㒊♫ဨ䛾ከ䛟䛜୰ᚰ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛚䛥䜑䛯ᡂຌ䛻䜘
䛳䛶௻ᴗ䛜௒᪥䛾ᆅ఩䜢☜❧䛧䛶䛔䜛㠃䛜䛒䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䚹
䜎䛯䚸〇ရ䜔⏕⏘᪉ἲ䛾㉁䜢᪥䚻ྥୖ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻㞟୰䛩
䜜䜀ᅜ㝿ⓗ➇த䛻ᡴ䛱຾䛴䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯⤒㦂䛸グ᠈䜢䛚ᣢ
䛴♫ဨ䛜䚸⌧ᅾ䛾௻ᴗෆ䛾୺せ䝫䝇䝖䛻ከ䛔䛸䛔䛖ഴྥ䛜䛒
䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛䚹䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿䚸䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ᡂຌ䜢཰䜑䛶䛝䛯᪉ἲㄽ
䛜ྰᐃ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜㞴䛧䛟䚸䛣䜜䛛䜙䜒᪉㔪䜢䛴䛟䜛䛸䛝䛾ᇶᮏ
䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸䛣䜜䛿䚸⪃䛘᪉
䜔䜔䜚᪉䛾ᅛᐃ䜢♧䛩ෆᐜ䛷䛒䜚䚸ኚ໬䛜ᣐ䜚ᡤ䛸䛺䜛䜲䝜
䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛿䚸䝬䜲䝘䝇䛻ാ䛟ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ྰᐃ䛷䛝䛺
䛔䚹
䠎䠅㻌 ⌧⾜䛾యไ䛾ኚ໬䛿ᅔ㞴
ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䛔ᅜෆ䛾௻ᴗ䛷䛿䚸⌧ᅾ䜒⤊㌟㞠⏝䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯
⪃䛘᪉䛜䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹䜒䛱䜝䜣䚸⌧ᅾ䛣䛾Ⅼ䛿㎿㏿䛻⛣⾜
䛧䛶䛔䜛㠃䜒䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸኱௻ᴗ䛾ඃ⚽䛺ㄢ㛗䜔㒊㛗䜽䝷䝇
䛜㌿⫋䛧䜘䛖䛸⪃䛘䛯ሙྜ䛾ᅔ㞴䛥䛺䛹䜢⪃䛘䜜䜀᫂䜙䛛䛺
䜘䛖䛻䚸㌿⫋䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯ே䛾␗ື䜢๓ᥦ䛸䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔♫఍䝯
䜹䝙䝈䝮䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛿ྰᐃ䛧䛝䜜䛺䛔䚹䜎䛯䚸䛣䛾♫
఍䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛜๻ⓗ䛻ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᅔ㞴䛺䛾䛿䚸୺䛻 2 䛴
䛾⌮⏤䛛䜙᫂䜙䛛䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛䚹䜎䛪䚸⤌⧊䜈䛾ᡤᒓ䛻䜘䜚
♫఍ⓗ䝇䝔䞊䝍䝇䛜ㄒ䜙䜜䜛ഃ㠃䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䚸䛭䛧䛶䚸⤊㌟㞠
⏝䜢๓ᥦ䛻༙⏕䜢ᤝ䛢䛶䛝䛯♫ဨ䛜䛩䛷䛻䛯䛟䛥䜣䛔䜛䛣䛸
䛷䛒䜛䚹≉䛻䚸ே஦ไᗘ䜔᪼⤥ไᗘ䛺䛹䚸఍♫䛜ഴ䛝䛷䜒䛧
䛺䛔㝈䜚䚸ኚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜ᴟ䜑䛶ᅔ㞴䛺䛣䛸䛿⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜘䛖䚹
せ䛩䜛䛻䚸⌧⾜䛾యไ䜔័⾜㌶㐨䜢ኚ᭦䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛿䚸
䛺䛛䛺䛛ᅔ㞴䛺ഃ㠃䜢ᣢ䛳䛯ᅜෆ௻ᴗ䛜ከ䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛻䛺
䜛䚹
2.2.3㻌 ᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡ⓗᛮ⪃䛻㛵䛩䜛ഴྥ
䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿័⾜㌶㐨䛾ኚ᭦䛜๓ᥦ䛻䛺䜛䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ
⊩ 5䠅䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻䚸㏻ᖖ䛿᪤Ꮡ䛾๰㐀䛻㛵䛩䜛⪃䛘᪉䛾䛹䛣
䛛䜢ኚ᭦䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛸䛺䜛䚹䛣䛾䛸䛝䚸⌧⾜䛾⪃䛘᪉䛜䛩䛷
䛻☜❧䛧䛶䛔䜛䝞䝷䞁䝇䛜䛒䜛䛸䛩䜜䜀䚸䛭䜜䜢ᔂ䛩䛣䛸䛻䛺
䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺どⅬ䛛䜙䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᛶ䜢⪃ᐹ䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸
䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢⪃䛘䛶䛔䛟䚹
䐟 㻌 〇ရ䜔⏕⏘䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ྛせ⣲䛾᧿䜚ྜ䛫
ேᕤ≀䛾≉ᛶ䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛⪃䛘᪉䛻䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛸䛔䛖ᴫ
ᛕ䛜䛒䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸ᑐ㇟䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲䛾┦஫౫Ꮡᛶ䛻╔┠䛧
䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䚸〇ရ䜔䛭䛾⏕⏘䝥䝻䝉䝇䛺䛹䜢ᑐ㇟䛻⤒ႠᏛ
ศ㔝䜢୰ᚰ䛻ඛ⾜◊✲䛜䛚䛣䛺䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠒䠅
≉䛻䚸⸨ᮏ䛻䜘䜚⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗ䜢୰ᚰ䛻䚸〇ရ䛭䛾䜒䛾䛾ᵓᡂ
せ⣲䜔䚸⏕⏘䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾⢭ᰝ䛺䛹䛾᳨ウ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸
国内の技術特性から見るイノベーションの阻害要因に関する基礎的考察
䛭䛾୰䛷䛣䛾䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᴫᛕ䛜౑䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䛾୰䛷䚸
᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶〇ရ䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲䜢᧿䜚ྜ䛫䜛ഴྥ
䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖どⅬ䛜ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾䚸ᵓᡂせ⣲䜢
᧿䜚ྜ䛫䜛ᒁ㠃䛿䚸ᅗ 1 䛷ゝ䛘䜀 B ẁ㝵䛷᭱䜒ᚲせ䛸䛥䜜䜛
ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠓䠅䛣䜜䛿䚸A ẁ㝵䛿䚸᪂つᛶ䛾㧗
䛔⪃䛘᪉䛾๰㐀ẁ㝵䛷䛒䜚䚸䛸䛻䛛䛟┠ⓗ䜢䛿䛯䛩䜘䛖䛻ఱ䛸
䛛ᵓᡂせ⣲䜢㑅䜃䚸㊊䜚䛺䛔䛸䛣䜝䜢๰䜛䜘䛖䛺ẁ㝵䛷䛒䜛䚹
B ẁ㝵䛿ᨵၿ䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧䚸䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡ᑐ㇟䛾䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬䞁䝇
䜢ᣲ䛢䜛䛣䛸䛻㞟୰䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹C ẁ㝵䛿༑ศ䛻ᑐ㇟䛾
䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬䞁䝇䛜ୖ䛜䛳䛯≧ἣ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬䞁䝇䛾
ྥୖ䛿୺䛺䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡⏕⏘䝁䝇䝖䜔䝇䝢
䞊䝗䜢ᢚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜୺䛺䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖䛸䛺䜛ẁ㝵䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖
䛺どⅬ䛛䜙⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸඲䛶䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲䜢୍ᗘ䛻ྲྀ䜚ᢅ䛔䛺䛜
䜙ᑐ㇟䛾䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬䞁䝇䜢䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡ྥୖ䛥䛫䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛᧿䜚
ྜ䛫ᆺ䛾ᛮ⪃䛿䚸B ẁ㝵䛻ຠᯝⓗ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖௬ㄝ䛜❧䛴䛣
䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
䛣䛾୰䛷䛿䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸䛿␗䛺䜛᪉ྥᛶ䛷䛒䜛䛂䜹䜲
䝊䞁䛃䛸䛔䛖ᴫᛕ䛻䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛ෆᐜ䛷᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ䛿ᙉ䜏䜢ᣢ䛴
䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛺䛹䛷౑䜟䜜
䛰䛧䛯ᴫᛕ䛷䛒䜚䚸᪤Ꮡ䛾ከ䛟䛾せ⣲䜢ᚭᗏⓗ䛻᭱㐺໬䛧䛶
䛔䛟ᴫᛕ䛷䛒䜛䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠔䜹䜲䝊䞁䠅
䐠 㻌 〇ရ䜔⏕⏘䝥䝻䝉䝇௨እ䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲䛾᧿䜚ྜ䛫
᧿䜚ྜ䛫䜛䛾䛿〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢┤᥋ᵓᡂ䛩䜛㒊ရ䞉⣲
ᮦ䜔᝟ሗ䛺䛹䛾せ⣲䜔⏕⏘䝥䝻䝉䝇䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹౛䛘䜀䚸
iPod 䛸ᅜෆ䝯䞊䜹䞊䛾ᦠᖏ➃ᮎ䛾㐪䛔䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸iPod 䛿䚸
ᙜึ䜘䜚䝪䝍䞁䛜䛹䛣䛻䛒䜛䛾䛛䜘䛟䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䜘䛖䛺䛩䛳䛝䜚
䛧䛯䝕䝄䜲䞁䛰䛳䛯䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䚸ᅜෆ䝯䞊䜹䞊䛾〇ရ䛿䚸ᢲ䛧
䜔䛩䛔䜘䛖䛻䚸⌮ゎ䛧䜔䛩䛔䜘䛖䛻䚸䝪䝍䞁䛜⾲㠃䛾ୗ༙ศ
䛻䛔䛴䜒㏻䜚䛾㡰␒䛷䛝䛱䜣䛸୪䜣䛷䛔䛯䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛺ഴྥ䛜
䛒䛳䛯䛾䛷䛒䛺䛔䛰䜝䛖䛛䚹
iPod 䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䜢๰䜚ୖ䛢䜛䛣䛸䛿䚸᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ䛻䜒ᐜ᫆䛻
ྍ⬟䛰䛳䛯䛾䛷䛒䜝䛖䛛䚹᪥ᮏ䛾〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䛿䚸ᖖ䛻⥲
ྜⓗ䛺䝞䝷䞁䝇䛜䛸䜙䜜䜛ഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹౑䛔ᡭ䛛
䜙ぢ䛯ሙྜ䚸䛚䛭䜙䛟౑䛔䛻䛟䛔䛣䛸↓䛟䚸ရ㉁䜒㧗䛟䚸ቯ䜜䜔
䛩䛟䜒䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹⌮⏤䛿䚸඲䛶䛾どⅬ䛛䜙᳨ウ䛥
䜜䛯඲せ⣲䛾᧿䜚ྜ䛫䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛸䛩䜜䜀䚸
඲䛶䛾ഃ㠃䛛䜙⪃䛘䛶᭱㐺໬䜢≺䛖䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭
䛾䛯䜑䚸㏫䛻⪃䛘䛯䛸䛝䚸ఱ䛛䛾័⾜㉳ື䜢ኚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛿䚸᪤
Ꮡ䛾䝞䝷䞁䝇ឤぬ䜢ᔂ䛩䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛ሙྜ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻
䛺䜛䚹䜹䜲䝊䞁䛾ᛮ⪃䛻䛿䚸䛣䛾䝞䝷䞁䝇䛾⛣⾜䛜㒊ศⓗ䛷
ᑠつᶍ䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸඲య䛾䝞䝷䞁䝇䜢ᔂ䛩䛣䛸䛺䛟⛣⾜
䛜ྍ⬟䛺䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛜䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜘䛖䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䜲䝜
䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ᴫᛕ䛿䚸᪤Ꮡ䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䜔⪃䛘᪉䛾ఱ䛛䛻䚸
୙㐃⥆䛺⛣⾜䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜๓ᥦ䛻䛺䜛䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸䛭䛾᪉ྥ
ᛶ䜢ᑟ䛝ฟ䛩䜘䛖䛺〇ရ䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䜔⏕⏘䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢⤌䜐䛸䛝䚸
ከ䛟䛾ሙྜ䛜䛛䛺䜚┠❧䛳䛯ኚ᭦䜢ྵ䜐ሙྜ䛜ከ䛟䚸䛭䛾䛯
䜑䛻䛿ẚ㍑ⓗᙉ䛔᪤Ꮡ䛸␗䛺䜛᪉ྥᛶ䜢ᣢ䛳䛯ෆᐜ䛸䛺䜛
ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜ᙉ䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻䚸᪤Ꮡ䛾䝞䝷䞁䝇䛜
ಖ䛯䜜䜛᪉ྥᛶ䛸䛿㏫䛾᪉ྥᛶ䛜ฟ䛶䛟䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜚䚸᪥ᮏ
䛾ᢏ⾡㠃䛾≉ᛶ䛜㜼ᐖせᅉ䛻䛺䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ྵ䜐䛣䛸䛻䛺
䜛䚹
3 ᪥ᮏ䛾≉ᛶ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ
๓❶䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡ⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ᇶ䛵䛝䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵
䞁䜢㉳䛣䛩䛣䛸䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㜼ᐖせᅉ䛸䛺䜚ᚓ䜛ഃ㠃䜢௬ㄝ䛸䛧䛶
ᥦ♧䛧䛯䚹ᮏ❶䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸䛣䛣䛷ᣲ䛜䛳䛯୕䛴䛾௬ㄝ䛻䛴
䛔䛶䚸⪃ᐹ䜢ຍ䛘䚸䛒䜛ഃ㠃䛛䜙ぢ䛯᳨ド䜢ヨ䜏䜛䚹
ಶ䚻䛾௬ㄝ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛๓䛻䚸ᢳ㇟ⓗ䛛䛴ከ㠃ⓗ䛺䜲䝜䝧
䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸䛔䛖⌧㇟䛻ᑐ䛧䚸䛣䛣䛷䛾どⅬ䜢⤠䛳䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䜢ヨ
17
䜏䜛䚹䜎䛪䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸䛔䛖ᴫᛕ䛾ᐃ⩏䛸䛧䛶䛿䚸᪤Ꮡ䛾
័⾜㌶㐨䜢ๅ᪂䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢㏻䛧䛶᪂䛧䛔
౯್䜢๰㐀䛧䚸♫఍䛻ኚ໬䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩⌧㇟䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹
䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ぢ᪉䜢ᇶᮏ䛸䛧䛶᳨ド䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢㏣䛳䛶
䛔䛝䛯䛔䚹
3.1 ౑䛔ᡭ䛾せᮃ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ
♫఍䛾୰䛻᪂䛧䛔౯್䜢๰㐀䛩䜛⌧㇟䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䚸䛴䜎䜚䚸
♫఍䛾୰䛻䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⌧㇟䛜㉳䛣䜙䛺䛔㝈䜚䛿䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁
䛸䛿ゝ䛘䛺䛔䜟䛡䛷䛒䜛䚹䜒䛧䚸ရ㉁䛾Ⰻ䛔〇ရ䜢๰䜛䛣䛸䛰
䛡䜢୺䛻⪃䛘䛯䛸䛧䛯䜙䚸䛭䛾〇ရ䛜ᕷሙ䛷౯್䜢๰㐀䛧䚸
䛭䛾⤖ᯝ኎䜚ୖ䛢䜔฼┈䛻⤖䜃௜䛟䛛䛹䛖䛛䛿䚸䜋䛸䜣䛹㛵
㐃䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹౯್䛾 ᐃ䛿䚸౯್䛾ᐃ⩏䜢ྵ䜑
ᴟ䜑䛶ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸௻ᴗ䛾୺せ䛺┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛ᣢ⥆ⓗⓎᒎ
䛸䛔䛖㠃䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸኎䜚ୖ䛢䜔฼┈䛸䛔䛖㒊ศ䛻ᖐ╔䛩䜛䛣
䛸䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜝䛖䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸స䜚ᡭ䛸䛧䛶౯್䛜๰
㐀䛥䜜䜛䛾䛿䚸ồ䜑䜙䜜䛯┠ⓗ䜢ⓗ☜䛻㐩ᡂ䛥䜜䛯᫬䛷䛒䜛
䛸⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜ᇶᮏ䛷䛒䜝䛖䚹䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ぢ᪉䛛䜙᪂
䛧䛔౯್䜢䛴䛟䜛䛣䛸䜢ᤊ䛘䛶䛔䛝䛯䛔䚹
⌧ᅾ⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛௻ᴗάື䛾୰䛷䚸䛂䝴䞊䝄䞊䛾どⅬ䛷
䜒䛾䜢๰䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䜢䜘䛟⪺䛟䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸ᮏᙜ䛻䝴䞊䝄䞊
䛾どⅬ䛷⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛒䜝䛖䛛䚹䝬䞊䜿䝔䜱䞁䜾Ꮫ㡿ᇦ䛷
䛿䚸䛛䛺䜚๓䛛䜙䝴䞊䝄䞊䛿⮬ᕫ䛾せᮃ䜢᫂☜䛻ゝ䛖䛣䛸䛿
୙ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛸⤖ㄽ䛵䛡䛶䛔䜛䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠐䠅せ䛩䜛䛻䚸ぢ
䛯䛣䛸䜒䛺䛔〇ရ䜢⪃䛘䛯䜚䚸䛹䜣䛺䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛾䛛䜟䛛䜙
䛺䛔䛾䛻ᐇ⌧䛧䛶䜋䛧䛔䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䛯䜚䚸㛗ᮇⓗ䛻ぢ䛶ఱ䛜
㔜せ䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛺䛹䚸⮬ศ䛾せᮃ䜢⮬ศ䛷ṇ☜䛻ᢕᥱ
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᅔ㞴䛺㠃䛜䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹
ᅗ䠎䛿䚸〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜䛴䛟䜚ᡭ䛻䜘䛳䛶䛴䛟䜙䜜䚸䛭䜜
䛜䝴䞊䝄䞊䛻䜘䛳䛶䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ཷ䛡ྲྀ䜙䜜䛶䛔䛟䛛䜢ᴫᛕⓗ
䛻ᤊ䛘䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䛴䛟䜚ᡭ䠄ྛ௻ᴗ䠅䛿〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢
ᴫᛕタィ䚸ᶵ⬟タィ䛺䛹䜢㏻䛧䛶䛴䛟䜚ୖ䛢䛶䛔䛟䚹䛛䛺䜚⪃
䛘㎸䜣䛷᭱⤊ⓗ䛻ᵓᡂ䜢タィ䛧䚸タィᅗ䜔௙ᵝ᭩䛻ⴠ䛸䛧
㎸䜏䚸⏕⏘䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠕䠅䛧䛛䛧䚸䝴䞊䝄
䞊䛿䛭䜣䛺䝇䝖䞊䝸䞊䛿▱䜛䛣䛸䛿䛺䛟䚸ᇶᮏⓗ䛻⯆࿡䜢䜒䛴
䛣䛸䜒䛺䛔䛸䛔䛘䜛䚹౑䛔ᡭ䛿䚸㉎ධ䛧䛯〇ရ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛴
䛔䛶䚸⊂⮬䛾༳㇟䜢ᣢ䛱䚸౑䛔᪉䜔౯್ほ䜢ᢪ䛔䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸
䛻䛺䜛䚹౛䛘䜀䚸䝕䝆䝍䝹䜹䝯䝷䜔ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ䛺䛹䛾〇ရ䛷䛿䚸
ཌ䛔ྲྀᢅㄝ᫂᭩䛜䛴䛔䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸䛒䜜䛜䜎䛥䛻䛴䛟䜚ᡭ䛾䝇
䝖䞊䝸䞊䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹స䜚ᡭ䛿䚸⮬ศ䛜〇ရ䜢๰䜛
ୖ䛷⪃䛘䛯ෆᐜ䜢䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡඲䛶ㄝ᫂᭩䛻グ㏙䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛
䛣䛸䛻䛺䜝䛖䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸〇ရ䜢㈙䛳䛶ྲྀᢅㄝ᫂᭩䜢ㄞ◚䛩䜛౑
䛔ᡭ䛿⛥䛷䛒䜛䚹㏻ᖖ䚸⮬ศ䛜౑䛖ୖ䛷ᚲせ᭱ప㝈䛾᝟ሗ
䜢ᚓ䜘䛖䛸䛧䚸䛭䛾〇ရ䛾䛩䜉䛶䛾ㄝ᫂䜢᏶඲䛻⌮ゎ䛩䜛䛣
䛸䛻ព⩏䜢ឤ䛨䛶䛔䛺䛔䛛䛾䜘䛖䛺ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛸䛔䛘䜘䛖䚹䛭
䛧䛶䚸౑䛔䜔䛩䛔䚸౑䛔䛻䛟䛔䚸౯್䛜䛒䜛䚸౯್䛜↓䛔䚸䛸
䛔䛖ឤぬ䛿䚸䛴䛟䜚ᡭ䛾≺䛔䛸␗䛺䜛䛸䛣䜝䛛䜙ᢪ䛟ഴྥ䛜䛒
䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛰䜝䛖䛛䚹
䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢㉳䛣䛩ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ୖ䛢䜛ᇶᮏⓗ䛺䛣䛸䛾୍
䛴䛻䚸䛂┿ᦸ䛻䝴䞊䝄䞊䛾どⅬ䛻❧䛴䛃䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔
䛘䜘䛖䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸ᅗ䠎䛻䛒䜛䛂Ⓨ⏕ᶵ⬟䛃䜢䜘䛟ほᐹ䛩䜛
ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛣䛾Ⓨ⏕ᶵ⬟䛸䛿䚸౑䛔ᡭ䛜ᵝ䚻
䛺ឤぬ䜔ᛮ䛔䜢ᢪ䛔䛶䚸⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶⾲ฟ䛩䜛ᶵ⬟䜢ᣦ䛧䛶䛔
䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹せ䛩䜛䛻䚸స䜚ᡭ䛜⪃䛘䜛ᶵ⬟䛸䛿␗䛺䜚䚸౑
䛔ᡭ䛜↓ព㆑䛾䛖䛱䛻䚸䜒䛧䛟䛿஦๓䛻ィ⏬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟䚸౑
䛳䛶䛔䛟୰䛷ᑐ㇟䛾〇ရ䛾ᶵ⬟䜢᫂☜໬䛧䛶䛔䛟ෆᐜ䛷䛒䜛䚹
䛣䛾Ⓨ⏕ᶵ⬟䛾ほᐹ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛స䜚䛿ᴟ䜑䛶ᑡ䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖
ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛜䚸䛭䛾ෆᐜ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ู✏䛻ㆡ䜛䜒䛾䛸䛩䜛䚹
3.2 ኚ໬䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ
㻌 ᪤Ꮡ䛾័⾜㌶㐨䛾ๅ᪂䛿䚸௻ᴗ䛺䛹䛻䛚䛡䜛♫఍䛾୰
18
吉田敏
ᅗ㸰 〇ရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡘࡃࡾᡭࡢ๰㐀ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢㄆ㆑࣭౑⏝ࣉࣟࢭࢫ
䛾άື䛷䛿䚸䛣䜜䜎䛷஦ᴗ䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛝䛯᪉ἲ䜢ኚ䛘䛶䛔
䛟䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜ྵ䜎䜜䜛䚹せ䛩䜛䛻䚸ᨵၿ䛻䜘䜛䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾஦ᴗ
䛾ᡭἲ䜔⪃䛘᪉䛾ᘏ㛗䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ఱ䛛䛾せ⣲䜢ๅ᪂䛩䜛䛣䛸
䜢ᣦ䛩䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸ୗグ䛾䠑䛴䛾䝍䜲䝥䛻ศ䛡䛶⪃
䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛸䛥䛫䛶䛔䜛䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 10㻌 䝗䝷䝑䜹䞊䠅
䐟᪂䛧䛔ၟရ䛾㛤Ⓨ
䐠᪂䛧䛔⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛾ᑟධ
䐡᪂䛧䛔㈍㊰䜔ᕷሙ䛾㛤ᣅ
䐢᪂䛧䛔ᮦᩱ౪⤥※䛾⋓ᚓ
䐣᪂䛧䛔⤌⧊䛾ᙧᡂ
䜎䛯䚸୹⩚䛻䜘䜛䛸᪂䛧䛔䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᒎ㛤䛺䛹䜒ຍ䛘䜛䜉
䛝䛷䛒䜛䛸ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠑䠅䛣䛾୰䛷䚸ከ䛟䛾ᅜ
ෆ䛷䛾㆟ㄽ䛿䚸䐟䛜୰ᚰ䛷䚸䐠䛜䛭䛾ḟ䛻ඃඛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛
ഴྥ䛜ぢཷ䛡䜙䜜䜛㠃䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛿ྰ䜑䛺䛔䚹䛭䛾ୖ䚸୙☜
ᐇᛶ䛜⤌⧊䛻ෆໟ䛥䜜䜛䝔䞊䝬䛻䛴䛔䛶ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛔䜛᪉
ྥᛶ䛜䛒䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䚹䜒䛧䚸䛭䛖䛷䛒䜛䛺䜙䚸⌧≧䛾యไ
䜔๰㐀䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜๓ᥦ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻
䛺䜚䛭䛖䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ⴭ䛧䛟ᢚ䛘
䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜚䚸䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍ᢏ⾡䜔㏻ಙᢏ⾡䛺䛹䛾ᇶ┙ⓗᢏ
⾡䛾Ⓨᒎ䛻క䛖๰㐀䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛾ኚ໬䜔ᕷሙ䛾ኚ໬䛻ᑐᛂ
䛷䛝䛺䛔ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ྰᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿㞴䛧䛟䛺䜛䚹
௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛻័⾜㌶㐨䛾ๅ᪂䛜ᇶᮏ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊
䝅䝵䞁䜢㉳䛣䛩䛻䛿ᵝ䚻䛺ኚ໬䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸⌧ᅾ
䛾௻ᴗ䛾୰䛷䛿๓㏙䛾䜘䛖䛻ኚ໬䛩䜛ෆᐜ䛿㝈䜙䜜䚸䝅䝇䝔
䝮඲య䜢ᛴ⃭䛻ኚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛿୙ྍ⬟䛻㏆䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹᪥
ᮏ䛾ඃ䜜䛯௻ᴗ䛿䚸䛣䛣䛻⮳䜛䜎䛷ᚲ䛪ᡂຌయ㦂䛜䛒䜛䚹ᡂ
ຌ䛧䛶䛝䛯䛛䜙ඃ䜜䛯௻ᴗ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯䜟䛡䛷䛒䜝䛖䚹䜎䛯䚸
䛣䛾ᡂຌయ㦂䛾ෆᐜ䛿䚸㏻ᖖ௻ᴗ䛾୰ᚰ䜢ᢸ䛖䝯䞁䝞䞊䛜
ྠ୍䛾䜒䛾䜢య㦂䛧䛶䛝䛯ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛿䛪䛷䛒䜛䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸௻
ᴗ䛾୰ᚰ䝯䞁䝞䞊䛜ྠ䛨䜒䛾䜢ಙ䛨䚸ྠ䛨᪉ἲ䜢ᣐ䜚ᡤ䛸䛩䜛
ഴྥ䛜⏕䜎䜜䜛䛿䛪䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛣䛛䜙䚸௻ᴗᩥ໬䛜⏕䜎䜜䜛
ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒ప䛟䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛧䚸♫ဨ඲ဨ䛾୰䛷⫯ᐃ䛥䜜
䜛⪃䛘᪉䛻୍ᐃ䛾᪉ྥᛶ䛜⏕䜎䜜䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛿ྰᐃ䛷䛝䛺
䛔䚹
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⪃ᐹ䛾୰䛛䜙ᑟ䛝ฟ䛫䜛᪉ྥᛶ䛾୰䛻䚸௻ᴗ䛾
๰㐀䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛻ኚ໬䜢ồ䜑䜛䜘䛖䛺䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䚸๓グ
䛾䜘䛖䛺≧ែ䛾௻ᴗ䛷䛿䚸㉳䛣䛩䛣䛸䛜ᅔ㞴䛺ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛
䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛿䚸௻ᴗ䛾つᶍ䛜኱䛝䛡䜜䜀኱䛝䛔䜋䛹䚸
ຓ㛗䛥䜜䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜘䛖䚹
3.3 ᪤Ꮡ䛾䝞䝷䞁䝇䛛䜙䛾ゎᨺ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ
᪥ᮏே䛾ᛮ⪃䝟䝍䞊䞁䛸䛧䛶䚸䛂㠀ᖖ䛻ከ䛟䛾」㞧䛺᮲௳
䠄せ⣲䠅䜢ᕦ䜏䛻᧿䜚ྜ䛫䛶᭱㐺䛺⟅䛘䜢ฟ䛩䛃䚸䛸䛔䛖≉ᚩ
䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䠄ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 11䠅䛣䜜䛿䚸䛭䛾䜎䜎䛷䛿䝞䝷䞁䝇
䛾Ⰻ䛔⟅䛘䜢ᑟ䛝ฟ䛩ഴྥ䛛䜙䚸䛒䜛䝍䜲䝥䛾䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁
䛿ᐇ⌧䛧㞴䛔ഃ㠃䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
㏻ᖖ䚸」㞧䛺᮲௳䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛᫬䛻䚸᭱㐺䛺⟅䛘䛰䛡䜢㏣
䛔ồ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹๓㏙䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸᪥ᮏே䛿䛒䜛ഴྥ䛾⪃䛘
᪉䜢䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸඲䛶䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲䜢ㄪᩚ䛧䚸᭱㧗䛾䝟䞊䝣䜷䝬
䞁䝇䜢ᵓ⠏䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ᣦ䛩䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䛯䛟䛥䜣䛾⣲ᮦ䜔㒊
ရ䛛䜙〇ရ䜢๰䜚ฟ䛩᫬䛻䚸᭱㧗䛾⣲ᮦ䛾᧿䜚ྜ䜟䛫䜢┠
ᣦ䛧䚸᭱㧗䛾㒊ရ䜢᧿䜚ྜ䛫䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸
ከ䛟䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䜛᫬䚸᭱㐺䛺䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢⪃䛘䛰
䛭䛖䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⪃䛘᪉䜢䛸䜛䛸䚸䛒䜛≉ᐃ䛺どⅬ䛛䜙㌶㐨䛾ኚ᭦
䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᅔ㞴䛻䛺䜛䚹౛䛘䜀≉ᚩ䛾䛒䜛䛂䛸䛜䛳䛯䛃〇ရ
䜢๰䜛䛾䛻䚸ᚋ䜜䜢ྲྀ䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹せ䛩䜛䛻䚸
䛤䛟ᑡᩘ䛾ඃ఩Ⅼ䜢ಙ䛨䚸᪂䛧䛔䜒䛾䜢๰䜛䛣䛸䛜ᅔ㞴䛻䛺䜛
䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹
䛧䛛䛧䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿᪤Ꮡ䛾័⾜㌶㐨䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸
䛜๓ᥦ䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸ᴟ≉ᐃ䛾せ⣲䜢㠀㐃⥆ⓗኚ໬䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜
ᇶᮏⓗ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸඲య䛾せ⣲䜢᧿
䜚ྜ䛫䜛ሙྜ䚸䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ᴟ≉ᐃ䛾せ⣲䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䜛䛰䛡䛷
䛿〇ရ䛿᏶ᡂ䛫䛪䚸䛭䛾୍㒊䛾ኚ໬䜢ྵ䜐ᙧ䛷඲య䛾᭱
㐺ゎ䜢ồ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
䛣䛣䜎䛷⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸ᅜෆ䛾⤌⧊䛿䚸䛤䛟ᑡᩘ䛾せ⣲䛾ኚ໬
䛻≉໬䛧䛯䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿㉳䛣䛧䛻䛟䛔䛸䛔䛖᪉ྥᛶ䜢ぢฟ
䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䛭䛾䛸䛝䚸≉䛻௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛺ၥ㢟Ⅼ
䛜⏕䛨䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
䜎䛪䚸௚ᆅᇦ䛾㛤Ⓨ䛾䝇䝢䞊䝗䛻䛴䛔䛶䛔䛡䛺䛔ྍ⬟ᛶ
䛜⏕䛨䜛Ⅼ䛷䛒䜛䚹୍㒊䛾せ⣲䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䛯〇ရ䜢⪃䛘䛯ሙ
ྜ䚸ᅜෆ䛾స䜚ᡭ䛿ኚ໬䛩䜛୍㒊䛾せ⣲䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䚸ከ䛟䛾
せ⣲䛾᭱㐺ゎ䜢ᶍ⣴䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹ᙜ↛䚸䝇䝢䞊䝗䛻ၥ㢟
䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛿ྰᐃ䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹䛯䛰䛧䚸඲య䛾᭱㐺
ゎ䛾ᚲせᛶ䛜㠀ᖖ䛻㧗䛔〇ရ䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸᭷฼䛸䛺䜛
ሙྜ䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
ḟ䛻䚸୍㒊䛾ኚ໬䛻㔜ᚰ䜢ഴ䛡䜛䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿㉳䛣䛧
国内の技術特性から見るイノベーションの阻害要因に関する基礎的考察
䛻䛟䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸䛒䜛ኚ໬䜢㐍䜑䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸
඲య䛾䝞䝷䞁䝇䜘䜚䚸᪂つⓗ㨩ຊ䛺䛹䛾ഃ㠃䜢ඃඛ䛥䛫䜛䛣
䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䜜䜛ሙྜ䛻ᑐᛂ䛧䛻䛟䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹౛䛘䜀䚸
iPod 䛾䝇䜲䝑䝏㢮䛿ᴟ䜑䛶ゎ䜚䛻䛟䛔䛸䛣䜝䛻䛒䜚䚸䛿䛨䜑䛶
᧯స䛧䛯ே䛿ⱞ៖䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䝍䝑䝏䝟䝛䝹䜢඲
㠃ⓗ䛻౑䛳䛯᧯స㠃䛾᪂つᛶ䛛䜙඲య䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛜⪃䛘䜙
䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䚸ᅜෆྛ♫䛾ᦠᖏ➃ᮎ䛾䝇䜲䝑䝏㢮䛾䝕䝄䜲
䞁䛸኱䛝䛟␗䛺䜛䜒䛾䛸䛺䛳䛯㠃䛜䛒䜛䚹ᅜෆྛ♫䛾䝇䜲䝑䝏
㢮䛿䚸Ᏻᚰ䛧䛶௒䜎䛷䛾␗✀䛸ྠ䛨䜘䛖䛻⪃䛘䜜䜀᧯స䛷䛝
䜛➼䛻㓄䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹཯㠃䚸䝕䝄䜲䞁㠃䛻᪂つᛶ䛜↓䛟䚸㨩
ຊ䜢ῶ䛨䛶䛔䜛䛸ゝ䜟䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛺䛔䚹
4 䜎䛸䜑
ᮏ✏䛷䛿䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸䛔䛖ᴫᛕ䛻╔┠䛧䚸䛭䜜䛜ᅜෆ
௻ᴗ䛷᥎㐍䛧䛶䛔䛟ୖ䛷䚸㜼ᐖせᅉ䜢ྵ䜑䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ྍ⬟ᛶ
䛜⏕䛨䜛ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛾䛛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶⪃ᐹ䜢ຍ䛘䛯䚹
䛣䛣䛷䛿≉䛻୕䛴䛾ഃ㠃䛛䜙⪃ᐹ䜢ຍ䛘䚸᳨ド䜢ヨ䜏䛯䚹
౑䛔ᡭどⅬ䛾⌮ゎ䛾ᅔ㞴䛥䛛䜙ぢ䛯䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ྍ⬟
ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸ኚ໬䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶ᚓ䜙䜜䜛㠃䛜䛒䜛
䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䚸䛭䛧䛶䚸᧿䜚ྜ䛫䛾ᛮ⪃䛛䜙⏕䛨䜛
඲య䛾せ⣲䛾᭱㐺ゎ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜛䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁
䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢㆟ㄽ䛧䛶䛝䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜛䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䚸
๓ᥦ䛸䛺䜛᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡≉ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸䛭䜜䜙䛾ᢳ㇟ᛶ䚸ྍ
ኚᛶ䛛䜙᏶඲䛺ᙧ䛾᳨ド䛿ᴟ䜑䛶ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜚䚸㆟ㄽ䛿ᣢ⥆
䛥䜜䜛䜉䛝䛷䛒䜛䚹≉䛻䚸≉ᐃ䛾⏘ᴗศ㔝䜔〇ရ䜢ྲྀ䜚ୖ䛢䚸
ලయⓗ䛺஦౛䛷௬ㄝ䛸᳨ド䜢⧞䜚㏉䛩䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸ಶ䚻᫂
☜䛺⤖ㄽ䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜘䛖䚹
䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䚸㠀ᖖ䛻ከ䛟䛾஦᯶䛛䜙㉳䛣䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜
䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻ᑐ䛧䚸ཧຍ䛩䜛䝯䞁䝞䞊䛜ᖖ䛻ᩄឤ䛻䛺
䛳䛶䛚䛟䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛺䛾䛿⮬᫂䛷䛒䜝䛖䚹䛯䛰䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺≧
ἣ䛜ᵓ⠏䛷䛝䜜䜀䚸ᙅ䜏䜢ᙉ䜏䛻ኚ䛘䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜ฟ䛶䛟䜛䚹
䛴䜎䜚䚸」ᩘ䛾㠉᪂ᛶ䜢ྵ䜐᭱㐺ゎ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢㏣䛖䛣䛸䛜ྍ
⬟䛸䛺䜚ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹౛䛘䜀䚸⣲ᮦ䛾㠉᪂䛸⏕⏘䝥䝻䝉䝇
䛾㠉᪂䜢」ྜⓗ䛻⪃䛘䛶䛔䛳䛯䜚䚸㢳ᐈ䜔䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛺䛹
」ᩘ䛾⤌⧊䛸ඹྠ䛾〇ရ㛤Ⓨ䜢⾜䛳䛯䜚䚸ᵝ䚻䛺ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜
䛒䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸䝰䝆䝳䝷䞊ᆺ䛜ᚓព䛺ᾏእ䛾௻ᴗ
䛻ẚ䜉䚸ᅜෆ௻ᴗ䛾᪉䛜䚸」ྜⓗ䛷」㞧䛺᪂つᛶ䜢ᐇ⌧䛷
䛝䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴㠃䛜䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹
㏆ᖺ䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䚸ᢏ⾡䛾㠉᪂䛛䜙༢⣧䛻Ⰻ䛔〇ရ
䛜⏕䜎䜜䜛䝟䝍䞊䞁䛿䚸䛛䛺䜚ῶ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭
䛧䛶䚸኱䛝䛺⤖ᯝ䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾䛒䜛」ྜⓗ䛺ኚ໬䜢ᣢ
䛴䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜ᚎ䚻䛻㉳䛣䜚ጞ䜑䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛘䜘䛖䚹᪥ᮏ
䛾⬟ຊ䛾ά䛛䛧᪉ḟ➨䛷䚸኱䛝䛺䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢㉳䛣䛩ྍ
⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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୹⩚Ύ䚸䛄䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁ᐇ㊶ㄽ䛅䚸ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧♫䚸
2010
ఀ୹ᩗஅ䚸ຍㆤ㔝ᛅ⏨䚸䛄⤒ႠᏛධ㛛䛅᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺
♫䚸1989 ᖺ
⸨ᮏ㝯ᏹ䚸䛄䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚⤒ႠᏛ䛅䚸ගᩥ♫᪂᭩䚸2007.
ୖཎᚁᙪ䚸䛄䝬䞊䜿䝔䜱䞁䜾ᡓ␎ㄽ䇷ᐇ㊶䝟䝷䝎䜲䝮
䛾෌ᵓ⠏䛅䚸᭷ᩫ㛶䚸1999
୹⩚Ύ䚸䛄ᢏ⾡⤒Ⴀㄽ䛅䚸ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧䚸2006
⸨ᮏ㝯ᏹ䚸䛂䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛾⏘ᴗㄽ䛃䚸䛄䝡䝆䝛䝇䞉䜰
䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛅䚸᭷ᩫ㛶䚸pp3-26䚸2001䚸
⸨ᮏ㝯ᏹ䚸Ᏻᮏ㞞඾⦅ⴭ䚸䛄ᡂຌ䛩䜛〇ရ㛤Ⓨ䛅䚸᭷
ᩫ㛶䚸2000.3.
௒஭ṇ᫂䚸䛄䜹䜲䝊䞁䛅䚸᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ฟ∧♫䚸2010
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⸨ᮏ㝯ᏹ䚸䛄᪥ᮏ䛾䜒䛾㐀䜚ဴᏛ䛅䚸᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺♫䚸
2004.6
P䞉E䞉䝗䝷䝑䜹䞊䚸䛄䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸㉳ᴗᐙ⢭⚄䛅䚸䝎䜲
䝲䝰䞁䝗♫䚸2007
⸨ᮏ㝯ᏹ䚸⬟ຊᵓ⠏➇த䛅䚸୰බ᪂᭩䚸2003.6
Ulrich, Karl T., “The Role of Product
Architecture in the Manufacturing Firm,”
Research Policy, 24, pp.419-440, 1995
C.Alexander䚸✄ⴥṊྖヂ䛄ᙧ䛾ྜᡂ䛻㛵䛩䜛䝜䞊䝖䛅䚸
㮵ᓥฟ∧఍䚸1978
Ulrich, Kirl, 䇾The Role of Product Architecture
in the Manufacturing Firm,䇿 Research Policy,
24, pp.419-440䚸1995
㟷ᮌᫀᙪ䚸䛂⏘ᴗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛾䝰䝆䝳䞊䝹໬䛃䚸
䛄䝰䝆䝳䞊䝹໬䛅䚸ᮾὒ⤒῭᪂ሗ♫䚸pp3-31䚸2002 ᖺ
Baldwin C. and Clark K., DESIGN RULES,
Vol.1: The Power of Modularity, The MIT Press,
2000.
ྜྷ⏣ᩄ䚸㔝ᇛᬛஓ䚸䛂䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛃䛾ᘓ⠏⏕⏘䛻䛚
䛡䜛ᵓᡂせ⣲䛾䝰䝆䝳䝷䞊໬䛻㛵䛩䜛⪃ᐹ䚸᪥ᮏᘓ⠏
Ꮫ఍ィ⏬⣔ㄽᩥ㞟㻌 ➨ 595 ྕ䚸pp173-180䚸2007
ྜྷ⏣ᩄ䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ⾡≉ᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛୍⪃ᐹ䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᢏ
⾡㠉᪂㻌 䞊⤒㦂⵳✚䛸▱㆑ᇶ┙໬䞊㻌 ➨ 3 ᅇᅜ㝿䡸䢙
䢊䢛䡸䢚䡯䢍ㄽᩥ㞟 pp25-28䚸2009.
㤿ሙ㟹᠇䚸䛄䝕䝆䝍䝹౯್๰㐀䚸NTT ฟ∧䛅䚸1998
㟷ᓥ▮୍䚸Ṋ▼ᙲ䚸䛂䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䛃䚸
䛄䝡䝆䝛䝇䞉䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛅䚸᭷ᩫ㛶䚸pp27-70䚸2001
䝦䞁䝸䞊䞉䝏䜵䝇䝤䝻䜴䚸ᴋᮌᘓ䚸䛂〇ရ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱
䛾䝎䜲䝘䝭䝑䜽䡡䝅䝣䝖䛃䚸䛄䝡䝆䝛䝇䞉䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛅䚸᭷
ᩫ㛶䚸pp263-285䚸2001
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.21－35 （2012） 〔論文〕
NSBroker: Πϯλʔωοτ্Ͱͷର࿩‫ܕ‬௨৴‫ج‬൫
ळɹ‫ޱ‬ɹ஧ɹࡾ ∗
NSBroker: Interactive Communication Base on The Internet
Chuzo Akiguchi∗
Abstract
Network Service Broker(NSBroker for short) is a fundamental software to construct two-way real-time
communication systems interconnecting many participants on the Internet. Broker, which is a component included in NSBroker, intermediates service providers and clients using restricted HTTP protocol.
After establishing the connection, the connected client and the server can communicate interactively
as equals. In this paper, we present background and goals of developing NSBroker, and then propose
two-way communication model among group members and basic message protocol. Next, the architecture and primary components of NSBroker are shown with a package diagram and a class diagram.
How to develop NSBroker application is proposed as an application development process. We present
three applications of NSBroker; 1) QuickChat which is a chat system including animation delivering
and collaborative image editing, 2) rash which is a remote shell system, and 3) CoDE which is a collaborative UML class diagram editor. Finally, the result of performance evaluation test and the future
plan are discussed.
Keywords: Request Broker, Network Service, HTML5, WebSocket, COMET, Ajax
1. ͸͡Ίʹ
NSBroker(Network Service Broker) ͸ɼΠϯλʔωο
τ্Ͱෳ਺ਓͷࢀՃऀʹΑΔ૒ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊͷ
‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥϦͰ͋Γɼ‫ڭ‬ҭ༻ Java ϓϩάϥϛϯά‫ڥ؀‬
Ash ͷҰίϯϙʔωϯτͱͯ͠։ൃͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋ΔɽAsh
͸ Java ʹΑΔιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃͷ‫ڭ‬ҭΛߦ͏ͨΊͷϓϩ
άϥϛϯά‫͋Ͱڥ؀‬Γɼਤ 1 ʹࣔ͢ߏ੒ΛͱΔɽAsh Ͱ͸ɼ
ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ٕज़ʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃͷ༷ʑͳٕ
๏Λ࣮ફ͢ΔͨΊͷ‫ޠݴ‬΍ɼπʔϧɼ࠶ར༻ํ๏࿦Λ‫ؚ‬Ήι
ϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃϓϩηεͷࢧԉ‫ڥ؀‬Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δ͜ͱΛ໨ࢦ
͓ͯ͠Γɼ͜Ε·ͰʹύΠϓˍϑΟϧλʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ίϚϯυ֦
ு‫ߏػ‬Λ‫ؚ‬Ή‫ج‬൫ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷ։ൃ [1] ΍ιϑτ΢ΣΞ
ϓϩηεࢧԉ‫ڥ؀‬ͷ։ൃ [2]ɼGUI ϥΠϒϥϦͷ։ൃ [3] ɼ
ӬଓతΦϒδΣΫτ؅ཧͷ‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥϦ EntityStore[4]
ͷ։ൃΛਐΊ͖ͯͨɽ
‫ڥ؀‬Λఏ‫͍ͯ͑ߟͱ͍ͨ͠ڙ‬ΔɽͦͷͨΊʹ GUI ΍Ӭଓత
ͳσʔλ؅ཧɼΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱͷ௨৴‫ػ‬ೳͳͲͷ࠷΋
ॏཁͳଆ໘ΛҰͭͷ։ൃ‫ڥ؀‬ͷதͰମ‫ܥ‬తʹఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ‫ܭ‬ը
Ͱ͋ΔɽຊߘͰ͸ɼAsh ͷશମ‫ܭ‬ըͷதͷΠϯλʔωοτ
্Ͱͷ௨৴‫ػ‬ೳʹয఺Λ͋ͯɼΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱෳ਺ਓ
ͷࢀՃऀʹΑΔ૒ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊͷ‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥ
ϦͰ͋Δ NSBroker ʹ͍ͭͯड़΂Δɽ
Πϯλʔωοτ্ͷαʔϏεͷަ‫׵‬ʢఏ‫ͱڙ‬ར༻ʣ͸ɼΠ
ϯλʔωοτʹ઀ଓͰ͖Δ‫ثػ‬ͷരൃతͳ૿Ճͱଟ༷Խʹ
Αͬͯ‫͖΂͘ڻ‬มԽΛੜΈग़͠ଓ͚͍ͯΔɽͦͷଟ͘͸ Web
ϒϥ΢βͱ Web αʔόʹؔ࿈ٕͨ͠ज़ʹΑͬͯߏங͞Εͯ
͍ΔɽϢʔβͷѹ౗తଟ਺͕͜ͷ‫Ͱڥ؀‬ಈ͘ΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯΛલఏͱ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ΒͰ͋Δɽ௨৴଎౓ͱ CPU ͷߴ଎
ԽʹΑΓɼAjax ౳ͷ࣮࣌ؒੑ͕ߴ͘ૢ࡞ੑʹ༏ΕͨΞϓϦ
έʔγϣϯͰ͑͞‫ط‬ଘͷٕज़ͷ૊߹ͤͰ࣮‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Մ
ೳʹͳͬͨɽ‫ࡏݱ‬͸࣮࣌ؒ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ
࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δ‫ج‬൫ٕज़ͱͯ͠ HTML5 ࢓༷ͷதͰ WebSocket
ٕज़ͷ࢓༷ͷࡦఆ͕ਐΜͰ͍Δɽ
ຊߘͰఏҊ͢ΔΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷ‫ج‬൫
ٕज़ NSBroker Ͱ͸ɼ͜ͷΑ͏ͳඪ४తͳ‫ڥ؀‬Λલఏʹ͢
ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼάϧʔϓͰͷ࣮࣌ؒ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷΞϓϦέʔ
γϣϯΛΞΠσΞϨϕϧ͔Β୹࣌ؒͰ։ൃͰ͖Δ‫ج‬൫ٕज़
ͷ࣮‫ݱ‬Λ໨ࢦͨ͠ɽ໨తΛߜΓࠐΈγϯϓϧͳઃ‫ܭ‬Λ௥‫ٻ‬
͢Ε͹ɼखܰͰ࢖͍΍͍͢‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥϦΛ࣮‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δͱ
ߟ͔͑ͨΒͰ͋Δɽ
ਤ1
Ash ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ NSBroker
͋Δఔ౓ͷ࣮༻ੑΛ࣋ͭιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ։ൃͰ͸ɼGUI
΍σʔλϕʔε؅ཧ (Ӭଓੑͷ͋Δσʔλͷ؅ཧ)ɼ௨৴‫ػ‬ೳ
͕ඞཁʹͳΔ৔߹͕ଟ͍ɽAsh Ͱ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳΞϓϦέʔ
γϣϯ։ൃΛɼٕज़ͷຊ࣭͚ͩʹूதֶͯ͠शͰ͖Δ։ൃ
NSBroker Ͱର৅ͱ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɼιϑτ΢Σ
Ξ։ൃͳͲͷάϧʔϓ‫׆‬ಈΛࢧԉ͢ΔΠϯλʔωοτɾΞϓ
ϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋ΔɽΠϯλʔωοτʹ༰қʹ઀ଓͰ͖Δ૒
ํ޲௨৴ͷ‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥϦΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼ൚༻
ͷ Web ϒϥ΢βͰ͸ͳ͘ɼಠࣗͷ GUI ΍ίϚϯυϥΠϯ
ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ΋ͭΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛΠϯλʔωοτɾ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹਐԽͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͳΔͱߟ͑ͨɽ
ຊߘͰ͸ɼ·ͣ NSBroker ͕ର৅ͱ͢ΔΠϯλʔωοτɾ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷྖҬͱαʔϏεͷఏ‫ܗڙ‬ଶʹ͍ͭͯ෼
Received on November 19, 2012.
∗ ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶɼ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़‫ڀݚ‬Պ, School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
22
秋口忠三
ੳ͠ɼNSBroker ͷ։ൃͷഎ‫ͱܠ‬໨తΛࣔ͢ɽଓ͍ͯɼNSBroker ͷ֓೦Ϟσϧɼ௨৴ϓϩτίϧɼιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ
ΞʔΩςΫνϟɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃϓϩηεɼద༻ࣄ
ྫɼ༗ޮੑͷධՁɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ՝୊ʹ͍ͭͯड़΂Δɽద༻ࣄྫ
ͱͯ͠ɼ؆қνϟοτ‫ػ‬ೳɼϑΝΠϧަ‫׵‬αʔϏεɼ‫ڠ‬ಉฤ
ू͕ՄೳͳϖΠϯτπʔϧɼಈը૾ͷ഑৴ϓϩάϥϜɼΫ
ϥεਤ‫ڠ‬ಉฤूπʔϧΛ঺հ͢Δɽ
2. ։ൃͷഎ‫ͱܠ‬໨త
Ϧͷ‫ػ‬ೳ‫ڧ‬Խ΍ API ͷվળ͕ૉૣ͘ߦ͑ΔΑ͏ʹɼ
γϯϓϧͳઃ‫ܭ‬Λ௥‫͠ٻ‬ɼ੡඼ߏஙͱςετ‫ߏڥ؀‬
ஙΛಉ࣌ฒߦతʹਐΊΔɽ
2.3. ઃ‫ܭ‬ͷํ਑
Ҏ্ͷ໨తɾ໨ඪΛୡ੒͢ΔͨΊʹҎԼͷํ਑ʹैͬͯ
ઃ‫ͱܭ‬։ൃΛਐΊͨɽ
• ૒ํ޲௨৴ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ໌շͳΞʔΩςΫνϟ
Λఏ‫͖Ͱڙ‬ΔΑ͏ʹཧղ͠΍͍͢άϧʔϓؒ૒ํ޲
௨৴ϞσϧΛఆٛ͢Δɽ
ຊઅͰ͸ɼNSBroker ͷ։ൃͷഎ‫ͱܠ‬ಈ‫͍ͯͭʹػ‬ड़΂
։ൃͷ໨తΛ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δɽ
• Πϯλʔωοτ্ͰͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯߏஙͱӡ༻
͕༰қʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ HTTP ϓϩτίϧΛϕʔεʹ͠
ͨ؆қͳϓϩτίϧΛఆٛ͢Δɽ
2.1. ։ൃͷഎ‫ܠ‬
චऀΒ͸ɼ࣮ੈքσʔλΛར༻ͨ͠αʔϏεΛޮ཰తʹ
։ൃɾߏங͢ΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱͯ͠ɼωοτϫʔΫαʔϏ
εϓϥοτϑΥʔϜʢNetwork Service Platform: NSPʣ
ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λߦ͖ͬͯͨ [5][6]ɽ͜ͷ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯྫͱͯ͠άϧʔϓʹΑΔιϑτ΢ΣΞϓϩηεΛࢧԉ͢Δ
γεςϜͷࢼ࡞Λߦ͍ɼNSP ͕ର৅ͱ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯͷ۩ମతͳΠϝʔδ࡞ΓΛߦͬͨɽ·ͨ NSP αʔϏε
࣮‫جݱ‬൫ͱͯ͠࠾༻ͨ͠ RSNP(Robot Service Network
Protocol) [7] ͷධՁΛ໨తʹ RSNP ͷϩϘοτଆΞϓϦ
έʔγϣϯ։ൃ‫ݕ͍ͯͭʹڥ؀‬౼ͨ͠ [8]ɽ‫ڞ‬ಉ‫ڀݚ‬Λ௨͡
ͯΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷ࣮‫ؔ͢ʹࣜํݱ‬Δߟ
࡯΋ਐΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨ [9]ɽ
චऀࣗ਎͸ιϑτ΢ΣΞϓϩηεʹओͨΔؔ৺͕͋Γɼι
ϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃͱ͍͏‫ੈ࣮ݱ‬քͷ‫׆‬ಈϓϩηεʹؔ͢Δ‫ه‬
࿥Λࣗಈऩूͦ͠ΕΛ‫ͨ͠༻׆‬ϓϩηεվળͷ࢓૊ΈΛ‫ݚ‬
‫͍ͯ͠ڀ‬ΔɽάϧʔϓʹΑΔιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛϓϩηε
σʔλͷࣗಈऩूͷ‫ࢧͰ఺؍‬ԉ͢ΔγεςϜͷ࣮‫ݱ‬Λ໨ࢦ
͍ͯ͠Δɽͦͷ࣮‫جݱ‬൫ͱͯ͠ RSNP ΛධՁ͢Δͱ RSNP
͕ఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ‫ػ‬ೳͱ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ‫ػ‬ೳͷؒͷΪϟοϓ͕େ͖͍ͱࢥΘ
Εͨɽ໨తΛ໌֬Խ͠‫ػ‬ೳΛߜΓࠐΊ͹ɼΠϯλʔωοτ্
Ͱιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃͷάϧʔϓ‫׆‬ಈΛࢧԉ͢ΔγεςϜΛ࣮
‫͢ݱ‬Δ௨৴‫ج‬൫Λద౓ͳ޻਺ͰߏஙͰ͖ΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍͜
ͱ͕ϓϩτλΠϐϯάΛ௨ͯ͡໌Β͔ʹͳͬͨɽNSBroker
ͷ։ൃ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳ‫ݕ‬౼ʹΑͬͯಈ‫͚ͮػ‬ΒΕͨɽ
• ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ͷઃ‫ٕܭ‬ज़Λ‫ͯ͠࢖ۦ‬ॏෳ͕ͳ͘
֦ுੑʹ༏ΕͨΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ௥‫͢ٻ‬Δɽ
2.2. ։ൃͷ໨త
NSBroker ͕ର৅ͱ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯྖҬ͸ɼΠϯ
λʔωοτ্Ͱߴ౓ͳର࿩ੑΛ΋ͬͨάϧʔϓ‫׆‬ಈΛࢧԉ͢
ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ
ߏஙɾӡ༻͢ΔͨΊͷ௨৴‫ج‬൫Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ͜ͱ͕ NSBroker
ͷ໨తͰ͋Δɽ
͜ͷ໨తΛୡ੒͢ΔͨΊʹҎԼͷ໨ඪΛઃఆ͠ NSBroker
ͷ։ൃΛਐΊͨɽ
1. շదͳର࿩ੑΛ࣮‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δ௨৴‫ج‬൫Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ
άϧʔϓͰͷ࣮࣌ؒ૒ํ޲௨৴Λαϙʔτ͢ΔΞϓϦ
έʔγϣϯΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊͷ௨৴‫ج‬൫Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔɽϏ
σΦը૾౳ͷϚϧνϝσΟΞͷૹड৴΋ର৅ͱ͢Δɽ
2. ૒ํ޲௨৴ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ։ൃ‫ڥ؀‬Λ੔උ͢Δ
Πϯλʔωοτ্Ͱߴ౓ͳର࿩ੑΛ΋ͭ৽͍͠छྨ
ͷαʔϏεΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δ‫ج‬൫ͱͯ͠΋ར༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏
ʹ͍ͨ͠ɽͦͷͨΊʹ͸ΞΠσΞΛखૣ࣮͘ূ࣮‫ݧ‬
Ͱ͖Δ։ൃ‫͕ڥ؀‬ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ௨৴‫ج‬൫ͱ‫ʹڞ‬Ξϓ
Ϧέʔγϣϯ։ൃΛࢧԉ͢Δςετɾσόοά‫ڥ؀‬΋
߹Θͤͯ։ൃ‫ͯ͠ͱڥ؀‬ఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δɽ
3. ࣋ଓతͳ੒௕͕Մೳͳൃలੑͷ͋Δ‫ج‬൫ٕज़ͱ͢Δ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ΁ͷద༻‫͔ݧܦ‬Βվળ͢΂͖
఺͕ൃ‫͞ݟ‬ΕͨΒɼվળཁ๬ʹରͯ͠‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥ
• ௨৴‫ػ‬ೳΛίϯϙʔωϯτԽ͠ଞͷΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯ‫ػ‬ೳͱͷಠཱੑΛߴΊΔɽ
• ϓϩάϥϚʹͱͬͯͷཧղੑͱརศੑʹ༏Εͨ API
Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δɽ
• ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯߏஙͱӡ༻Λޮ཰Խ͢ΔͨΊʹ௨
৴‫ج‬൫ͱ‫ʹڞ‬ςετ‫ڥ؀‬Λ੔උ͢Δɽ
2.4. ؔ࿈ٕज़
NSBroker Λ։ൃ͢Δ্Ͱ‫ط‬ଘͷٕज़ͷଟ͘Λࢀߟʹ͠
ͨɽΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱͷ૒ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δ‫ج‬൫ٕज़
ͱͯ͠ಛʹؔ࿈ੑͷߴ͍ٕज़ʹ͍ͭͯҎԼʹ·ͱΊΔɽ
• ORB(Object Request Broker)
ORB ͸ɼωοτϫʔΫ্ͷϊʔυʹ෼ࢄͨ͠ΦϒδΣ
ΫτؒͰσʔλ΍ϝοηʔδΛ఻ୡɾަ‫͢׵‬Δࡍͷ஥
հ໾ͱͯ͠༻͍ΒΕΔιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ͋ΔɽWindows
ͷ COM/DCOM ΍ɼJava/RMIɼOMG ੍͕ఆͨ͠
CORBA ͳͲͷ࣮૷͕͋Δɽߴ৴པੑΛཁ‫͞ٻ‬ΕΔ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯؒ௨৴‫ج‬൫Ͱ͋Γɼର࿩ੑͷߴ͍
૒ํ޲௨৴ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͸޲͔ͳ͍ɽ
• COMET
COMET ͸ HTTP Λར༻ͯ͠૒ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δ
ٕज़Ͱ͋ΔɽCOMET Ͱ͸αʔόଆ͔Βͷϓογϡ
഑৴͕ՄೳͰ͋Δ͕ɼଟ͘ͷ࣮૷Ͱ͸ٖࣅతʹ૒ํ
޲௨৴Λߦ͏ͨΊ௨৴͕ൃੜ͢Δ͝ͱʹ TCP ͷϋϯ
υγΣΠΫखଓ͖Λ࠶౓ߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δ΄͔ɼHTTP
ίωΫγϣϯΛ௕࣌ؒ઎༗͢ΔͨΊͦͷؒಉҰαʔ
όʹ઀ଓ͢ΔଞͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷಈ࡞ʹӨ‫ڹ‬Λ
‫͢΅ٴ‬Մೳੑ͕͋Δ౳ͷ໰୊͕ੜ͡Δɽ
• Ajax
Ajax ͸ɼJavaScript ૊ΈࠐΈΫϥεͰ͋Δ XMLHttpRequest Λ࢖ͬͨඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ͱɼ௨৴݁ՌʹԠ
ͯ͡μΠφϛοΫ HTML ͰಈతʹϖʔδͷҰ෦Λॻ
͖‫͑׵‬Δํ๏ʹΑΓɼWeb ϒϥ΢βͷඪ४తͳ‫ػ‬ೳ
͚ͩͰ࣮༻తͰ༏ΕͨϢʔβΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛඋ
͑ͨಈతͳ Web ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ։ൃΛՄೳʹ͢
Δٕज़Ͱ͋Δɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼ֤छ Web ϒϥ΢βؒ
ͷ࣮૷ͷҧ͍΍ಈతϖʔδॻ͖‫͑׵‬ͷॲཧ͸ΞϓϦ
έʔγϣϯ։ൃͷෛ୲Λ૿Ճ͍ͤͯ͞Δɽ
• HTML5 WebSocket
WebSocket ͸ HTTP Λϕʔεͱͨ͠૒ํ޲௨৴ͷ
ٕज़Ͱ͋ΓɼΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόؒͰ௨৴Λߦ͏
ͨΊͷϓϩτίϧͷ࢓༷ [10] ͱ Web ϒϥ΢β্Ͱ
ಈ࡞͢Δ JavaScript ޲͚ͷ API[11] ͷ̎ͭͷ࢓༷
͔Βߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯΔɽHTTP Λϕʔεͱ͍ͯ͠Δͷ
Ͱ௨ৗͷ Web αʔόͱ Web ϒϥ΢βͷؔ܎ͱಉ༷
ʹϑΝΠΞ΢ΥʔϧΛ௒͑ͨ௨৴͕༰қʹ࣮‫͖Ͱݱ‬
NSBroker: インターネット上での対話型通信基盤
Δ͜ͱʹՃ͑ɼΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔό͕઀ଓ‫ޙ‬͸ର
౳ͳؔ܎Ͱ૬‫ʹޓ‬ϝοηʔδͷަ‫͕׵‬ՄೳͱͳΔɽ
WebSocket Ͱ͸ΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόͷ઀ଓͷͨΊ
ʹ HTTP ͷ GET ϦΫΤετ͕࢖༻͞Εɼ઀ଓ͕֬
ཱ͢ΔͱͦΕҎ߱͸ιέοτΛ࢖ͬͨ૒ํ޲ͷσʔ
λͷަ‫͕׵‬ՄೳͱͳΔɽ઀ଓ‫ޙ‬ͷσʔλަ‫׵‬͸ಠࣗ
ͷϓϩτίϧʹΑ࣮ͬͯ‫͞ݱ‬ΕΔɽNSBroker Ͱ΋
ಉ༷ʹɼPOST ϦΫΤετͰ઀ଓ͠ɼ઀ଓ‫ޙ‬͸Ξϓ
ϦέʔγϣϯຖʹಠࣗͷϓϩτίϧͰαʔϏεͷަ
‫ߦ͕׵‬ΘΕΔɽ
3. άϧʔϓͰͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷϞσϧ
3.1. NSBroker ͷ֓೦Ϟσϧ
NSBroker ͸Πϯλʔωοτ্ͰάϧʔϓͰͷ૒ํ޲௨
৴Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊͷ‫ج‬൫ιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ͋ΔɽNSBroker
͸ Web ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͓͚Δ Web αʔόʹ૬౰͢Δ
΋ͷͰ͋Δ͕ɼͦͷओཁͳ‫ػ‬ೳ͸αʔϏεͷఏ‫ͦͱऀڙ‬ͷ
ར༻ऀͷ஥հ໾ͱͯ͠ͷ໾ׂͰ͋ΔɽଈͪɼNSBroker ͷ
αʔόͱͯ͠ͷ‫ػ‬ೳ͸αʔϏεఏ‫ͱऀڙ‬αʔϏεར༻ऀΛ
Πϯλʔωοτ্Ͱ઀ଓ͢ΔαʔϏεΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ͜ͱͰ͋
ΔɽNSBroker ͷ֓೦Λࣔ͢૒ํ޲௨৴ͷϞσϧΛਤ 2 ʹ
ࣔ͢ɽ
23
(CPi) ͕࡞ΒΕΔɽ͜ΕΒ͕ϓϩΩγͷάϧʔϓΛ‫ܗ‬੒͠ά
ϧʔϓͰͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷ‫ͳͱૅج‬Δɽ̍ͭͷ SP ͱͦΕͱ
αʔϏεަ‫ؔͰ׵‬࿈෇͚ΒΕͨ CPi(i=1..n) ͔ΒͳΔάϧʔ
ϓΛϓϩΩγάϧʔϓ (proxy group) ͱ‫Ϳݺ‬ɽNSBroker
͸ෳ਺ͷϓϩΩγάϧʔϓΛ؅ཧ͠ɼ༷ʑͳαʔϏεަ‫׵‬
‫ܗ‬ଶͷ࣮‫ݱ‬ΛՄೳʹ͍ͯ͠Δɽ
3.2. ϝοηʔδͷߏจ
αʔϏεͷަ‫׵‬͸ϝοηʔδʹΑͬͯߦΘΕΔɽΤʔδΣ
ϯτͱϓϩΩγͷؒ͸ιέοτͰ઀ଓ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ૒ํ޲
ʹจࣈྻͷϝοηʔδ͕ૹड৴͞ΕΔɽϝοηʔδ͸Մಡ
ੑͷ͋ΔจࣈྻΛϕʔεͱ͢Δɽจࣈྻ͸վߦίʔυʹΑͬ
ͯෳ਺ߦʹ෼ׂ͞Εɼߦ୯ҐͰॲཧ͞ΕΔɽΤʔδΣϯτͱ
ϓϩΩγ͸͜ͷߏจʹैͬͯϝοηʔδͷ߹੒ͱૹ৴ɼड
৴ͱղੳΛߦ͏ɽ͜Ε͕ର࿩ͷ‫ج‬ຊ‫ػ‬ೳͱͳΔɽ
NSBroker ͷ௨৴ϓϩτίϧͷૹ৴ϝοηʔδͷߏจΛ
BNF ‫ه‬๏ͰҎԼʹࣔ͢ɽ
speach ::= { message }
message ::= ( query | answer | notify | command | plain )
query ::= ’?’ broker-protocol NL { content }
answer ::= ’%’ broker-protocol NL { content }
notify ::= ’!’ broker-protocol NL { content }
command ::= ’>’ data-string NL { content }
plain ::= ’@’ data-string
broker-protocol ::= dialog-name { key [ ’=’ value ] }
dialog-name ::= identifier
key ::= identifier
content ::= { data-string NL } NL
value ::= ۭനจࣈͱվߦจࣈΛ‫͍ͳ·ؚ‬จࣈྻ
data-string ::= վߦจࣈΛ‫͍ͳ·ؚ‬จࣈྻ
NL ::= վߦจࣈ
ਤ2
άϧʔϓͰͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷϞσϧ
NSBroker ͷ֓೦Ϟσϧ͸ɼϒϩʔΧ (broker)ɼϓϩΩ
γ (proxy)ɼΤʔδΣϯτ (agent) ͷ 3 ͭͷओཁͳߏ੒ཁૉ
͔Β੒ΔɽϒϩʔΧ͸ωοτϫʔΫαʔϏεΛ஥հ͢Δ௨
৴ओମͰ͋ΓɼΤʔδΣϯτ͸ϒϩʔΧ͔Β઀ଓαʔϏε
Λड͚Δ௨৴ओମͰ͋ΔɽΤʔδΣϯτ͸αʔϏεͷఏ‫ڙ‬
ऀ͔ར༻ऀɼ·ͨ͸྆ऀΛ͔ͶΔɽαʔϏεΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ໾
ׂͱͯ͠ϒϩʔΧʹ઀ଓͨ͠৔߹͜ΕΛαʔόΤʔδΣϯ
τ (server agent, SA) ͱ‫ͼݺ‬ɼαʔϏεΛར༻͢Δ໾ׂͱ
ͯ͠઀ଓͨ͠৔߹͜ΕΛΫϥΠΞϯτΤʔδΣϯτ (client
agent, CA) ͱ‫Ϳݺ‬ɽຊߘͰ͸؆୯ͷͨΊʹҎ‫ޙ‬αʔόΤʔ
δΣϯτΛαʔόɼΫϥΠΞϯτΤʔδΣϯτΛΫϥΠΞ
ϯτͱ‫͕͋ͱ͜Ϳݺ‬ΔɽϒϩʔΧ͸ɼ֤छͷαʔό΍Ϋϥ
ΠΞϯτɼͦͷଞͷΤʔδΣϯτ͕Πϯλʔωοτ্Ͱαʔ
ϏεΛަ‫͢׵‬Δࢢ৔ (marketplace) Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ΋ͷͱߟ͑
Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
ϒϩʔΧ͸ΤʔδΣϯτ͔Βͷ઀ଓཁ‫ٻ‬Λड͚Δͱɼ֤
ΤʔδΣϯτʹରԠͨ͠ϓϩΩγΛ࡞ΓɼҎ‫ޙ‬͸͜ͷϓϩ
Ωγ͕ΤʔδΣϯτͱͷ૒ํ޲௨৴Λड͚࣋ͭɽҰൠతͳ
αʔϏεͷަ‫ܗ׵‬ଶͰ͸ɼαʔϏεఏ‫ڙ‬Λߦ͏̍ͭͷαʔό
ΤʔδΣϯτ SA ͕αʔϏεͷఏ‫ڙ‬Λड͚Δෳ਺ͷΫϥΠΞ
ϯτΤʔδΣϯτ CAi(i=1..n) ͱ̍ରଟͷؔ܎Λ΋ͭɽ֤ʑ
ͷ SA ͱ CAi ʹରԠͯ͠ɼؔ࿈͢ΔαʔόϓϩΩγ (server
proxy, SP) ͱΫϥΠΞϯτϓϩΩγ (client proxy, CP) ‫܈‬
BNF ͷ಺༰͸ҎԼͷ௨ΓͰ͋ΔɽNSBroker ͷ௨৴ओମ
Ͱ͋ΔΤʔδΣϯτ·ͨ͸ϓϩΩγ͸Ұ࿈ͷϝοηʔδΛ
ൃߦ͢Δɽ֤ϝοηʔδ͸ཁ‫ٻ‬Λࣔ͢Ұߦͷจࣈྻͱϝο
ηʔδʹؔ࿈ͨ͠೚ҙ‫ݸ‬ͷίϯςϯπσʔλΛ‫ؚ‬Ήɽ
ϝοη ʔ δ छ ผ ͸ ɼQUERY, ANSWER, NOTIFY,
COMMAND, PLAIN ͷ̑छྨ͕͋ΔɽͦΕͧΕ̍ͭͷಛघ
จࣈͰද͞ΕΔɽQUERY ͸ ANSWER ͷฦ৴Λ଴ͭϝο
ηʔδͰ͋Γɼਖ਼ৗʹॲཧ͞ΕΔͱ ANSWER ϝοηʔδ
͕ฦ৴͞ΕΔɽNOTIFY ͸Ұํ޲ͷૹ৴Λߦ͏ϝοηʔδ
Ͱ͋Γૹୡ֬ೝΛඞཁͱ͠ͳ͍ɽQUERY ͱ ANSWERɼ
NOTIFY ͷϝοηʔδ͸ର࿩໊ͱෳ਺ͷϓϩύςΟ͔Βͳ
ΔɽϓϩύςΟ͸Ωʔͱ஋͔ΒͳΓ஋͸লུͰ͖Δɽ
COMMAND ͸ Shell ίϚϯυͱͯ͠ධՁ͞Εɼͦͷ݁
Ռඪ४ग़ྗ΁ग़ྗ͞ΕͨςΩετ͕ςΩετίϯςϯπͱ
ͯ͠ฦ͞ΕΔɽPLAIN ͸ϝοηʔδͱͯ͠ͷۭനߦΛσʔ
λίϯςϯπͷ۠੾ΓΛදۭ͢നߦͱ۠ผ͢ΔͨΊʹಋೖ
ͨ͠ɽίϯςϯπ͸೚ҙͷඇۭനจࣈྻ͕ۭനจࣈྻͰ෼
཭͞Εͨߏ଄Λ΋ͭɽ
NSBroker ʹ͓͚Δ௨৴͸͜ͷߏจʹैͬͯϝοηʔδ
͕ૹ৴͞Εɼͦͷϝοηʔδͷड৴ଆ͸ͦͷ಺༰Λղऍ͠ɼ
͜ͷߏจʹैͬͯϝοηʔδΛฦ৴͢ΔͷͰ͋Δɽର࿩͸
2 ऀؒͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷ૊߹ͤͰ࣮‫͞ݱ‬ΕΔɽNSBroker ͷ
άϧʔϓ؅ཧͷϝΧχζϜ͕άϧʔϓͷϝϯόʔؒͰͷର
࿩Λ੍‫͢ޚ‬Δɽ
3.3. μΠΞϩά (dialog)
μΠΞϩά͸ɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϨϕϧͷର࿩ϓϩτί
ϧΛఆ࣮ٛ͠૷͢ΔͨΊʹಋೖͨ͠૒ํ޲௨৴ͷ࢓༷Λࣔ͢
ΠϯλϑΣʔεͰ͋ΓɼQA ‫ܕ‬௨৴ͱ NOTIFY ‫ܕ‬௨৴ͷ̎
24
秋口忠三
छྨͷ௨৴‫ࣜܗ‬Λఆ͍ٛͯ͠ΔɽQA ‫ܕ‬௨৴͸ʮQUERY ͷ
ʮANSWER
ૹ৴ʯɼ
ʮQUERY ͷड৴ͱ ANSWER ͷൃߦʯɼ
ͷड৴ʯΛߦ͏̏ͭͷϝιου͔ΒͳΓɼNOTIFY ‫ܕ‬௨৴
͸ʮNOTIFY ͷૹ৴ʯͱʮNOTIFY ͷड৴ʯΛߦ͏̎ͭ
ͷϝιου͔ΒͳΔɽ
૒ํ޲௨৴‫ػ‬ೳΛ࢖ͬͯαʔϏεަ‫׵‬Λߦ͏ΞϓϦέʔ
γϣϯ͸αʔϏεަ‫׵‬ͷϓϩτίϧΛઃ‫͠ܭ‬ɼͦΕΛμΠ
Ξϩάͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼNSBroker Λհͯ͠
઀ଓ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽγεςϜύϥϝʔλͷ໰߹ͤ΍ઃ
ఆɼϑΝΠϧͷసૹɼςΩετσʔλ΍ը૾ͳͲͷίϯς
ϯπͷૹड৴ͱදࣔɼγΣϧίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦ౳ͷ‫ج‬ຊతͳ
ϓϩτίϧʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼNSBroker ͷ૊ࠐΈμΠΞϩάͱ
ͯ͠ఏ‫͞ڙ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ
4.
NSBroker ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ
ຊઅͰ͸ NSBroker ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ‫ݸ‬ʑͷίϯϙʔ
ωϯτͷ໾ׂΛઆ໌͢Δɽ
4.1. NSBroker ͷશମͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ
NSBroker ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟΛද͢ύοέʔ
δਤ [12] Λਤ 3 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
• ϒϩʔΧͷ্ཱͪ͛ͱΤʔδΣϯτͷϒϩʔΧ΁ͷ
઀ଓͷ؅ཧ
• ૹ৴͢Δϝοηʔδ΍σʔλίϯςϯπͷฤू΍؅ཧ
• ड৴ͨ͠ϝοηʔδ΍σʔλίϯςϯπͷදࣔ΍Ξ
ϓϦέʔγϣϯ‫ػ‬ೳͷ‫ى‬ಈ
• ֤छΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ‫ػ‬ೳͷ૊ࠐΈ
ड৴ͨ͠ϝοηʔδ΍σʔλίϯςϯπͷදࣔ‫ػ‬ೳΛ࢖ͬ
ͯ Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔεͷ֤ϝιου͕࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ
broker.image ύοέʔδʹ͸ը૾σʔλͷੜ੒ɾૹ৴ɾ
ड৴ɾදࣔͷͨΊͷΫϥε͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽಈը૾ͷૹड
৴ͷੑೳΛ࣮‫͖Ͱݧ‬ΔΑ͏ʹɼΞχϝʔγϣϯͷੜ੒Ϋϥ
ε΋༻ҙͨ͠ɽ
app ύοέʔδͱ app.mandel ύοέʔδ͸Ξϓέʔγ
ϣϯϨϕϧͷΫϥεΛ‫ؚ‬Έɼbroker.core, broker.gui, broker.image ͷΫϥεΛར༻֤ͨ͠छͷαϯϓϧϓϩάϥϜ
ूͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯಠࣗͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷ‫ػ‬
ೳ͸ɼୈ 4.3.4. અͰઆ໌͢ΔμΠΞϩάΫϥεͱ࣮ͯ͠‫ݱ‬
Ͱ͖Δɽapp ύοέʔδʹ͸μΠΞϩάΫϥεͷ࣮૷ྫͱ
ͦͷ૊ࠐΈྫ͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽͦͷҰͭ͸ broker.gui ύο
έʔδͷ Canvas ΫϥεΛར༻ͨ͠‫ڠ‬ௐฤू‫ػ‬ೳΛ΋ͬͨ
ϖΠϯτπʔϧͰ͋ΔɽCanvasDialog ͰઢըΛඳը͢Δ
API ΛμΠΞϩάΫϥεͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͜͠ΕΛϚ΢εʹΑΔ
࡞ը‫ػ‬ೳ͔Β‫ͼݺ‬ग़͍ͯ͠Δɽ‫ڠ‬ௐฤू‫ػ‬ೳΛ࣮૷͢Δα
ϯϓϧͱͳΔɽ
app.mandel ύοέʔδ͸ Mandelbrot ਤ‫ܗ‬ͷੜ੒αʔ
ϏεΛ࣮૷ͨ͠ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋ΓɼMandelbrot ਤ
‫ܗ‬ͷදࣔ۠ըͱ഑৭ύϥϝʔλΛ౉ͯ͠ Mandelbrot ਤ‫ܗ‬
ੜ੒‫ػ‬ೳΛ‫ݺ‬ग़݁͠Ռͷը૾Λड৴ͯ͠දࣔ͢Δ QA ‫ܕ‬௨
৴ͱɼੜ੒ͨ͠ Mandelbrot ਤ‫ܗ‬Λૹ৴͢Δ͚ͩͷૹୡ֬
ೝΛ‫ ͍ͳ·ؚ‬Notify ‫ܕ‬௨৴ͷ࣮૷ྫͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ
4.2. NSBroker ͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ίΞ෦ͷΫϥεਤ
NSBroker ͷத৺෦ͷߏ଄͸Ϋϥεਤ [12] ʹΑͬͯ࠷΋
ޮՌతʹઆ໌Ͱ͖ΔɽNSBroker ͷίΞ෦෼ͷΫϥεਤΛ
ਤ 4 ʹࣔ͢ɽओཁͳߏ੒ཁૉʹ͍ͭͯͦͷ໾ׂΛઆ໌͢Δɽ
ਤ3
NSBroker ͷύοέʔδਤ
NSBroker ͸ 6 ͭͷύοέʔδ͔Βߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ૒
ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δ‫ػ‬ೳ͸ broker.core ʹू໿͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ
broker.util ͸ϑΝΠϧૢ࡞΍จࣈྻૢ࡞ɼը૾σʔλॲཧɼ
೔࣌ૢ࡞ͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛ‫ؚ‬Ήɽbroker.core ͸ broker.util Ҏ֎ͷ
ύοέʔδʹ͸ґଘ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɽ
૒ํ޲௨৴Ҏ֎ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ‫ػ‬ೳ͸ɼbroker.core
ͷΫϥεͷ API Λ‫ͼݺ‬ग़͢͜ͱʹΑͬͯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
ͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛར༻͢ΔɽͦΕʹରͯ͠ broker.core
ͷΫϥεͷ࣮ߦ݁Ռ͸ broker.core Ͱఆٛ͞Εͨ Monitor
ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ࢖ͬͯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯଆ΁఻͑ΒΕΔɽ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɼMonintor ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷
ͨ͠ Monitor ΫϥεΛ૒ํ޲௨৴͕։࢝͞ΕΔલʹ broker.core.WorkerBase ʹొ࿥͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼϢʔβΠ
ϯλϑΣʔεͱ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷίΞ෦෼ͱͷ૒ํ޲ͷ API ͷ
‫ݺ‬ग़͕͠ՄೳͱͳΔɽ
broker.gui ύοέʔδʹ͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ GUI ෦
෼Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊͷΫϥε͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽͦͷத৺తͳ
࿮ׂΛ୲͏Ϋϥε͕ broker.core.Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔε
Λ࣮૷ͨ͠ MonitorBase Ͱ͋Δɽ
MonitorBase ͸ҎԼͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ
ਤ4
NSBroker ͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ίΞ෦ͷΫϥεਤ
NSBroker ʹ͓͚Δ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷओମ͸ΤʔδΣϯτ
(Agent) ͱϓϩΩγ (Proxy) Ͱ͋ΔɽϒϩʔΧ (Broker) ͸
ΤʔδΣϯτͱϓϩΩγͷ઀ଓαʔϏεΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔɽΤʔ
δΣϯτ͸αʔϏεΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔαʔόͱαʔϏεΛड͚Δ
ΫϥΠΞϯτͷ̎छྨʹ෼͚ΒΕΔɽ
4.3. ૒ํ޲௨৴ίΞ෦ͷΠϯλϑΣʔε࢓༷
4 ͭͷΠϯλϑΣʔε͸૒ํ޲௨৴ίΞ෦ͷ‫ڞ‬௨࢓༷Λ
ఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δɽ
NSBroker: インターネット上での対話型通信基盤
4.3.1. Common ΠϯλϑΣʔε
Common ΠϯλϑΣʔεͰ͸ɼNSBroker ͷ‫ڞ‬௨ఆ਺Λ
ఆٛ͢ΔɽNSBroker Ͱ͸ɼૹड৴͞ΕΔϝοηʔδ͸͢
΂ͯจࣈྻͰ͋Γߦ୯ҐͰॲཧ͞ΕΔɽCommmon Πϯλ
ϑΣʔεͰ͸ɼ͜ΕΒϝοηʔδͷߏ੒ཁૉͱͳΔϓϩύ
ςΟͷ‫ޠ‬ኮΛఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δ (4.5. ࢀর)ɽCommon Ͱఆٛ͢
ΔμΠΞϩάࣝผ໊ͱϓϩύςΟͷΩʔ໊͸ɼNSBroker
ϝοηʔδΛ‫ه‬ड़͢Δͱ͖ͷΩʔϫʔυʢ༧໿‫ޠ‬ʣʹ૬౰
͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
4.3.2. Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔε
Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛҎԼʹࣔ͢ɽ
public interface Monitor {
void msglog(boolean msglog);
boolean msglog();
void showStatus(String status);
void print(String msg);
void println(String msg);
void viewText(String title, String text);
void viewImage(String title, BufferedImage bimage);
void viewComponent(String title, JComponent compo);
void onClose();
}
Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔεͰ͸ɼNSBroker ͕಺෦ͷॲཧ
ঢ়‫گ‬΍ड৴ͨ͠σʔλίϯςϯπͷ಺༰ΛɼΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯͷϢʔβΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ௨ͯ͡Ϣʔβʹ௨஌͢ΔͨΊͷ
ϝιουΛఆ͍ٛͯ͠ΔɽDefaultMonitor ͸ Monitor Π
ϯλϑΣʔεͷσϑΥϧτͷ࣮૷Ͱ͋Γɼλά෇͖ͷจࣈྻ
(ը૾ͷ৔߹͸λΠτϧͷද͚ࣔͩ) ͱͯ͠ඪ४ग़ྗ΁ग़ྗ͢
ΔɽGUI Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸ɼ࣮ߦεςʔλε
ͷදࣔྖҬɼϝοηʔδͷදࣔྖҬɼςΩετɾը૾ɾͦͷଞ
ͷίϯςϯπͷදࣔྖҬΛ࣮૷͠ɼMonitor ΠϯλϑΣʔε
ͷ֤ϝιουΛɼ͜ΕΒͷྖҬ΁ͷจࣈྻ΍ը૾ͷදࣔΛߦ
͏‫ػ‬ೳͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͢΂͖Ͱ͋Δɽbroker.gui.MoniterBase
͸͜ͷ࣮૷ྫͰ͋Δɽ
4.3.3. Shell ΠϯλϑΣʔε
Shell ΠϯλϑΣʔεͷ‫ه‬ड़ΛҎԼʹࣔ͢ɽ
public interface Shell {
void initShell();
String evalShell(String command);
}
Shell ΠϯλϑΣʔεͰ͸ɼΤʔδΣϯτ͔Βૹ৴͞Ε
ͨίϚϯυจࣈྻΛධՁɾ࣮ߦ͢ΔΠϯλϓϦλͷॳ‫ظ‬Խ
ͱίϚϯυͷධՁɾ࣮ߦΛߦ͏ϝιουΛఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δɽ
Broker ͸ Shell ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛԾ࣮૷͓ͯ͠Γɼಛఆͷ
Shell ‫ޠݴ‬ͷ૊ΈࠐΈ͸ Broker Λ֦ுͯ͠ߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖
Δɽapp.AshBroker ͸ Broker ʹ Ash ίϚϯυ‫ޠݴ‬Λ૊
ΈࠐΜͩ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
4.3.4. Dialog ΠϯλϑΣʔε
Dialog ΠϯλϑΣʔεͷ‫ه‬ड़ΛҎԼʹࣔ͢ɽ
public
void
void
void
void
void
}
interface Dialog {
query(DInfo dinfo);
onQuery(DInfo dinfo);
onAnswer(DInfo dinfo);
notify(DInfo dinfo);
onNotify(DInfo dinfo);
Dialog ͸ɼୈ 3.3. અͰड़΂ͨ૒ํ޲ର࿩‫ܕ‬௨৴‫ػ‬ೳͷ
࢓༷Λࣔ͢ΠϯλϑΣʔεͰ͋Δɽ5 ͭͷϝιου͸͍ͣΕ
΋ DInfo(Dialog Information) ‫ܕ‬ΛҾ਺ʹͱΔɽDInfo ͸
25
ϓϩτίϧͷϝιου໊ͱϓϩύςΟ৘ใʢkey/value Ϛο
ϓʣΛอ͓࣋ͯ͠ΓɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϨϕϧͷϓϩτί
ϧΛఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ·ͨϓϩτίϧͷ࣮૷ͷࡍ͸
DInfo ͕ఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δ֤छϝιουΛར༻ͯ͠ϓϩύςΟ
ͷ஋ͷࢀর΍ઃఆ͕ߦ͑Δɽ
Dialog ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷ͨ͠ΫϥεΛμΠΞϩάΫ
ϥεͱΑͿɽμΠΞϩάΫϥεΛ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼNSBroker ͷ௨৴Ϟσϧʹ‫͍ͨͮج‬άϧʔϓͰͷ૒ํ޲௨৴͕
ՄೳͱͳΔɽैͬͯ૒ํ޲௨৴Λߦ͏ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ
௨৴෦෼ͷ։ൃ͸μΠΞϩάΫϥεͷ։ൃʹू໿͞ΕΔɽ
4.4. ૒ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔΫϥε‫܈‬
NSBroker ͸ɼWorkerBase, Broker, HttpBase, Proxy,
ServerProxy, ClientProxy, Agent, Dialog ౳ͷΫϥε͔Β
ߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ
4.4.1. WorkerBase Ϋϥε
WorkerBase ͸ɼϒϩʔΧΛߏ੒͢Δओཁͳίϯϙʔω
ϯτͰ͋Δ BrokerɼProxyɼAgentɼDialog ͷ‫ڞ‬௨ͷϕʔ
εΫϥεͰ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒͷίϯϙʔωϯτ͸ Socket Ͱ઀
ଓ͞Εͨ௨৴૬खͱϝοηʔδͷަ‫׵‬Λߦ͏ɽ͢ͳΘͪ૬
खଆ͔ΒͷϝοηʔδΛ଴ͪͳ͕Β૬खଆ΁ϝοηʔδΛ
ૹΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽೋͭͷεϨουʹૹ৴
ͱड৴Λ෼୲ͤ͞Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱ WorkerBase ʹ͸
Thread Λ‫ܧ‬ঝͤ͞૬खଆ͔ΒͷϝοηʔδΛ଴ͪड͚Δ໾
ׂΛ΋ͨͤͨɽ
૒ํ޲௨৴Λߦ͏ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸֤छσʔλίϯ
ςϯπͷૹड৴͕ൃੜ͢ΔɽWorkerBase Ͱ͸ɼૹ৴͢Δ
σʔλίϯςϯπͷ഑ஔͱड৴͢Δσʔλίϯςϯπͷ഑
ஔͷͨΊʹ docRoot ͱ workRoot ͷೋͭͷσΟϨΫτϦΛ
؅ཧ͍ͯ͠Δɽ
૒ํ޲௨৴ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼૹ
ड৴͞ΕΔϝοηʔδͷγʔέϯεΛ༰қʹ௥͑Δ͜ͱ͕ς
ετஈ֊ͰඞਢͱͳΔɽNSBroker Ͱ͸ɼ௨৴‫ج‬൫ͷ಺෦ͷ
ঢ়ଶ΍ड৴ͨ͠ϝοηʔδΛΞϓϦέʔγϣϯଆʹ఻͑Δ࢓
૊Έͱͯ͠ Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛఆٛͨ͠ɽWorkerBase ͸ɼMonitor ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷ͨ͠ Monitor Ϋ
ϥεΛอ࣋͠ɼ͜ͷϝιουΛ‫ݺ‬ग़͢ API Λఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ
ͦͷଞʹɼWorkerBase Ͱ͸σόοάࢧԉ΍ੑೳଌఆͷ
ͨΊͷϝιουΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ
4.4.2. Broker Ϋϥε
Broker ͸ɼAgent ʹର͢Δ઀ଓαʔϏεΛఏ‫͠ڙ‬ར༻
ঢ়‫گ‬Λ؅ཧ͢ΔͨΊʹɼAgent ͷΞΧ΢ϯτΛ؅ཧ͍ͯ͠
ΔɽBroker ͸ɼ‫ى‬ಈ‫ޙ‬௚ͪʹ ServerSocket Ͱ Agent ͔
Βͷ઀ଓཁ‫ٻ‬Λ଴ͪड͚ΔɽBroker ͸઀ଓཁ‫ٻ‬Λडཧͨ͠
Βద੾ͳ Proxy Λੜ੒͠ɼAgent ͱͷަ৴Λ։࢝ͤ͞Δͨ
Ίʹੜ੒ͨ͠ Proxy Λ‫ى‬ಈ͢Δɽ
Proxy ͷੜ੒͸ ProxyFactory ͕ߦ͏ɽProxyFactory ͸
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯಠࣗͷαʔϏεʹରԠͨ͠ϓϩΩγΛಈ
తʹੜ੒͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ·ͨ ServerProxy ͷೋ
ॏ‫ى‬ಈ΍ಉҰΫϥΠΞϯτͷಉ࣌઀ଓ౳ͷ੍‫ޚ‬౳ͷ༷ʑͳ
઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶΛαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠Δɽ
Broker ͸ɼ‫ ࡏݱ‬Agent ʹ઀ଓ͞ΕՔಇ͍ͯ͠Δશͯͷ
Proxy ͷϦετͱɼશͯͷ ServerProxy ͷϦετΛ΋ͪɼ
༷ʑͳ‫ܗ‬ଶͷϓϩΩγάϧʔϓͷ؅ཧΛՄೳʹ͍ͯ͠ΔɽΞ
Χ΢ϯτ৘ใͱϓϩΩγάϧʔϓͷ৘ใΛ༻͍༷ͯʑͳ઀
ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶͷαʔϏεަ‫͕׵‬ՄೳʹͳΔɽ
ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Βͷ઀ଓཁ‫ʹٻ‬ରͯ͠઀ଓ͢΂͖αʔό
Λಛఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ϛονϯάઓུʹ܎Δ໰୊Ͱ͋Δɽ‫ࡏݱ‬
ͷ࣮૷Ͱ͸ ServerProxy ͷϦετ͔Β࠷ॳʹαʔϏεՄೳ
ͳ΋ͷΛฦ͢ɽ͜ͷϝιουΛΦʔόϥΠυ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬ
ͯɼϚονϯάઓུΛΧελϚΠζ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
26
秋口忠三
Broker ͷͦͷଞͷ‫ػ‬ೳͱͯ͠ɼՔಇதͷ Proxy ʹର͠
֤ͯछͷϝοηʔδ΍σʔλίϯςϯπΛϒϩʔυΩϟε
τ͢ΔͨΊͷ API Λఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ
4.4.3. HttpBase Ϋϥε
HttpBase ͸ HTTP ϙʔτΛ࢖ͬͯ Soket ʹΑΔ૒ํ޲
௨৴Λߦ͏ͨΊͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛू໿ͨ͠ΫϥεͰ͋ΓɼProxy ͱɼ
AgentɼDialog ͷ‫ڞ‬௨ͷϕʔεΫϥεͰ͋Δɽ
HttpBase ͸ɼ௨৴૬खͷ HttpBase ΦϒδΣΫτ͔Β
ૹ৴͞ΕΔϝοηʔδΛ଴ͪड͚ΔॲཧΛ WorkerBase ͔
Β‫ܧ‬ঝ͢ΔεϨουʹ୲౰͍ͤͯ͞Δɽϝοηʔδ଴ͪड
͚ॲཧ͸ɼ௨৴૬ख͔Βૹ৴͞ΕΔϝοηʔδʹରͯ͠ɼ
QUERY, ANSWER, NOTIFY, COMMAND, PLAIN ͷ
5 छྨͷϝοηʔδछผʹԠͨ͡ϝιουΛ‫ͼݺ‬ग़͢ɽ
NSBroker ͷ QA ‫ܕ‬௨৴͸ɼ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷͨΊͷ‫ج‬ຊ‫ػ‬
ೳͱͯ͠ɼQUERY ͷૹ৴ɼQUERY ͷड৴ͱ ANSWER
ͷฦ৴ɼANSWER ͷड৴Λߦ͏ API Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δɽ̍ͭͷ
QUERY ͷૹ৴‫ޙ‬͸ɼͦͷ QUERY ͷ ANSWER Λड৴
͠ॲཧ͕‫ྃ͢׬‬Δ·Ͱ৽ͨͳ QUERY Λૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ
͖ͳ͍ɽHttpBase ͸ ANSWER ͷड৴଴ͪঢ়ଶΛ؅ཧ͢
ΔͨΊʹૹ৴ͨ͠ QUERY ͷ৘ใΛอ࣋͠ɼಉ‫ͼݺظ‬ग़͠
Λߦ͏ invoke ϝιουΛαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠Δɽ
NSBroker ͷ NOTIFY ‫ܕ‬௨৴͸ૹୡ֬ೝΛߦΘͳ͍௨
৴ํࣜͰ͋ΓɼNOTIFY ͷૹ৴ͱ NOTIFY ͷड৴ΛΛߦ
͏ API Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δɽ
4.4.4. Proxy Ϋϥε
Proxy ͸ɼBroker ଆͰ Agent ͱͷ૒ํ޲௨৴Λॲཧ͢
ΔɽҎԼͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δɽ
• ઀ଓ৘ใ΍࣮ߦ‫ࢹ؂‬৘ใͷ؅ཧ
• Agent ͔Βૹ৴͞Εͨ QUERY ΍ ANSWERɼNOTIFY ͷड৴ॲཧ
• Proxy ؒͰͷ֤छϝοηʔδͷసૹॲཧ
• Shell ίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦͱ݁Ռͷฦ৴
• Agent ͔Βૹ৴͞Εͨϝοηʔδͷશ Proxy ΁ͷ
഑৴
ϝοηʔδͷड৴ʹؔ͢Δॲཧ͸ HttpBase ΫϥεͰఆ
ٛ͞ΕͨҎԼͷϝιουΛΦʔόϥΠυ͢Δ͜ͱͰ࣮‫͞ݱ‬
Ε͍ͯΔɽ֤ϝιου͸ͦΕͧΕ PLAINɼCOMMANDɼ
QUERYɼANSWERɼNOTIFY ͷ֤ϝοηʔδͷड৴ॲ
ཧΛߦ͏ɽ
public
...
void
void
void
void
void
...
}
class HttpBase {
onMessage(String message);
onCommand(String command);
handleQA(DInfo dinfo);
answerReceived(DInfo dinfo);
notifyReceived(DInfo dinfo);
Agent ͕ Broker ʹ઀ଓཁ‫ٻ‬Λग़࣌͢ʹ໾ׂΛ໌ࣔ͠ͳ
͍৔߹͸ Proxy ͕ੜ੒͞ΕɼAgent ͸ Proxy ͱ૒ํ޲௨৴
Λߦ͏ɽϝοηʔδͷѼઌ͸ Agent ͕@to ϓϩύςΟͰ໌ࣔ
తʹࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ͕ɼলུͨ͠৔߹͸ Proxy ͷϝο
ηʔδ഑ૹϙϦγʔʹैͬͯసૹઌΛಛఆ͢ΔɽProxy ͸ࣗ
਎ͰϝοηʔδͷॲཧΛߦ͏͕ɼProxy Λ֦ுͨ͠ ServerProxy ͱ ClientProxy Ͱ͸ Proxy άϧʔϓͷ৘ใΛ࢖͍ɼ
ϝοηʔδͷछผʹԠͯ͡ Proxy άϧʔϓͷԿΕ͔ʹϝο
ηʔδΛసૹ͢Δɽද 1 ͸ɼProxy ͱ ClientProxyɼServerProxy ͕ϝοηʔδΛड৴ͨ͠ͱ͖ͷసૹઌͷܾఆํ๏Λ
֤ϝοηʔδछผຖʹࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
ද1
ϝοηʔδͷసૹઌͷܾఆํ๏
Message type
Proxy
ClientProxy
ServerProxy
QUERY
self
SP
CPi
ANSWER
self
@from
@from
NOTIFY
self
CP* - CPi + SP
CP*
COMMAND
self
SP
CPi
PLAIN
P*
CP* + SP
CP*
self
ࣗ਎Ͱॲཧ
SP
CPi
ಛఆͷ CP ʹసૹ
CP*
SP ʹసૹ
શͯͷ CP ʹసૹ
P*
શͯͷ Proxy ʹసૹ
@from
QUERY ൃ৴‫ʹݩ‬సૹ
Proxy ͸αʔόʹ΋ΫϥΠΞϯτʹ΋ͳΒͳ͍ෆಛఆ
Ϣʔβͷ Agent ͱ૒ํ޲௨৴Λߦ͏ɽServerProxy ͸αʔ
ό (SA) ͱͷؒͰ૒ํ޲௨৴Λߦ͍ɼClientProxy ͸ΫϥΠ
Ξϯτ (CA) ͱͷؒͰ૒ํ޲௨৴Λߦ͏ɽ
Proxy Ͱ͸ɼPLAIN ϝοηʔδ͸Ϣʔβ ID Λ෇Ճͯ͠
Broker ʹ઀ଓதͷશͯͷ Proxy ʹ഑৴ʢϒϩʔυΩϟετʣ
͢Δ͕ɼClientProxy ͱ ServerProxy Ͱ͸ Proxy άϧʔ
ϓ಺Ͱͷ഑৴Λߦ͏ɽCOMMAND ϝοηʔδ͸ Broker
͕ධՁ࣮ߦͦ͠ͷ࣮ߦ݁ՌΛ Proxy ͕ฦ৴͢Δɽ
QUERYɼANSWERɼNOTIFY ͷ֤ϝοηʔδʹ͍ͭͯ
͸ɼProxy ͸ड৴ͨ͜͠ΕΒͷϝοηʔδΛ Broker ಺Ͱॲ
ཧ͢Δ͕ɼProxy Λ֦ுͨ͠ ServerProxy ͱ ClientProxy
͸࿈‫ͯ͠ܞ‬ϝοηʔδͷసૹॲཧΛߦ͍ɼProxy άϧʔϓ
Ͱͷ૒ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͍ͯ͠ݱ‬Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹͯ͠ Proxy ά
ϧʔϓͰͭͳ͕ͬͨ SA ͱෳ਺ͷ CA ͷؒͰͷάϧʔϓؒ
૒ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͍ͯ͠ݱ‬Δɽ
ServerProxy ͸ΫϥΠΞϯτͷ઀ଓཁ‫ʹٻ‬ର͢ΔαʔϏ
εཁ‫ٻ‬ͷՄ൱ͷ൑ఆ΍ؔ܎ͷཱ֬ɾղফɼProxy άϧʔϓ
ͷ؅ཧ౳ͷ ClientProxy ͷ઀ଓ؅ཧΛߦ͍ͬͯΔɽ
4.4.5. Agent Ϋϥε
Agent ͸ɼBroker ଆͷରԠ͢Δ Proxy ͱͷؒͰ૒ํ޲
ͷ Socket ௨৴Λߦ͏ͨΊʹҎԼͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ
• Proxy ͱͷؒͰͷ઀ଓͷཱ֬ͱղফ
Agent Λੜ੒͠ཁ‫ٻ‬৚݅Λຬͨ͢ Proxy ʹ઀ଓ͠ɼ
૒ํ޲௨৴։࢝ͷ४උΛߦ͏ɽऴྃཁ‫ʹٻ‬ରͯ͠ϓ
ϩΩγͱͷ઀ଓΛղআ͢Δɽ
• Broker ͷγεςϜύϥϝʔλͷ໰߹ͤ΍ઃఆ
Broker ͷγεςϜύϥϝʔλΛ໰߹ͤɼऔಘɼઃఆ
Λߦ͏ɽ
• ަ৴ઌͷѼ໊Ϧετͷ؅ཧ
Ѽ໊Ϧετͷॳ‫ظ‬Խɼϝϯόͷ௥Ճɼ࡟আɼѼઌύ
ϥϝʔλ࡞੒౳Λߦ͏ɽ
• ѼઌΛࢦఆͨ͠ NOTIFY ͷૹ৴
ૹ৴ύϥϝʔλ @to ʹ഑෍ઌͷѼઌΛઃఆ͠ɼNOTIFY Λૹ৴͢Δɽ͢Ͱʹ໌ࣔతʹѼઌ (@to) ͕ࢦఆ
͞Ε͍ͯͨΒͦΕΛ࠾༻͢ΔɽAgent ͷѼઌ؅ཧϦ
ετ͕ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯͨΒͦͷ಺༰Λ@to ʹઃఆ͢Δɽ
ͦΕҎ֎ͷ৔߹͸ະఆٛͱ͠ɼBroker ଆͷ഑෍ϙϦ
γʔʹै͏ɽ
Agent Λ࢖༻͢ΔϓϩάϥϜͰ͸ɼHttpBase ͔Β‫ܧ‬ঝ
ͨ͠ϝιουΛར༻ͯ͠ɼϝοηʔδૹ৴ɼಉ‫ݺظ‬ग़͠ɼ
QUERY ૹ৴ɼNOTIFY ૹ৴ɼςΩετૹ৴ɼը૾ૹ৴ɼ
ը૾ϑΝΠϧૹ৴ͳͲΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ·ͨɼAgent
ͷ਌Ϋϥε HttpBase Ͱఆٛ͞ΕͨҎԼͷϝιουΛΦʔ
όϥΠυ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼ֤छͷϝοηʔδͷड৴࣌ͷ
ॲཧΛ֦ு͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
protected
protected
protected
protected
void
void
void
void
notifyReceived(DInfo dinfo);
onCommand(String command);
onMessage(String message);
onClose();
NSBroker: インターネット上での対話型通信基盤
4.4.6. DialogBase Ϋϥε
DialogBase ͸ɼDialog ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷ͨ͠૒ํ
޲ର࿩‫ܕ‬௨৴‫ػ‬ೳΛ΋ͭΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊͷ
ϕʔεΫϥεͰ͋Δɽ૒ํ޲ର࿩‫ܕ‬௨৴‫ػ‬ೳ͸ɼDialog Ͱ
ఆٛ͞Εͨ̑ͭͷϝιουʢQUERY ͷૹ৴ɼQUERY ͷ
ड৴ͱ ANSWER ͷฦ৴ɼANSWER ͷड৴ɼNOTIFY ͷ
ૹ৴ɼNOTIFY ͷड৴ʣ͔Βߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯΔɽDialogBase
Ͱ͸͜ΕΒͷϝιουͷσϑΥϧτ࣮૷Λఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ֦
ுΫϥεʹ͓͍ͯɼඞཁͳϝιουΛ࠶ఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬ
ͯɼ೚ҙͷ૒ํ޲ର࿩‫ܕ‬௨৴‫ػ‬ೳΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
ୈ 4.5. અͰ͸γεςϜ૊ࠐΈͷμΠΞϩάΫϥεʹ͍ͭͯ
આ໌͢Δɽ
ड৴ॲཧΛߦ͏ϝιου (onQuery, onAnswer, onNotify) Ͱ͸ɼର࿩ϝοηʔδͷड৴‫ʹޙ‬ίϯςϯπͷड৴ͱ
಺༰֬ೝΛߦ͏ͷʹɼҎԼͷϝιουΛར༻Ͱ͖Δɽ
void readContent(DInfo dinfo)
void viewImageContent(DInfo dinfo, String title)
void viewTextContent(DInfo dinfo, String title)
4.4.7. ͦͷଞͷΫϥε
BPInfo, DInfo, HttpInfo ౳ͷΫϥε͸ɼNSBroker ʹ
͓͚Δ֤छͷϝοηʔδ৘ใΛϓϩάϥϜͷதͰૢ࡞͢Δ
ͨΊͷϝιουΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ
BPInfo ͸ HTTP ௨৴ϓϩτίϧͱϒϩʔΧಠࣗϓϩτ
ίϧͷσʔλߏ଄Λఆٛ͠ɼϝοηʔδͷจࣈྻද‫಺ͱݱ‬
෦ͷσʔλߏ଄ͷؒͷ૬‫ޓ‬ม‫׵‬ͷͨΊͷϝιουΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬
ΔɽϓϩύςΟͷ஋͸೚ҙͷจࣈྻΛ࣋ͪಘΔɽϝοηʔ
δͷதͷϓϩύςΟද‫ʹݱ‬͸ۭനจࣈ΍վߦίʔυΛ‫ؚ‬Ί
Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷͰɼϓϩύςΟͷ஋͸Τεέʔϓॲཧ
Λࢪ͠ɼۭനจࣈͱվߦίʔυΛ‫͍ͳ·ؚ‬จࣈྻʹม‫͞׵‬
Εͯϝοηʔδ͕૊ΈཱͯΒΕΔɽHttpInfo ͸ BPInfo Λ
֦ு͠ HTTP ϓϩτίϧͷϦΫΤετͱϨεϙϯεͷ৘ใ
Λ؅ཧ͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳΛ΋ͭɽ
DInfo ͸ɼAgent ͱ Proxy ͷؒͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷϓϩτί
ϧ৘ใɼ͓Αͼ Proxy ؒͰͷϝοηʔδͷసૹ΍ίϯςϯ
πͷॲཧʹඞཁͳ৘ใʢίϯςϯπ৘ใɼίϯςϯπͷද
੍ࣔ‫ޚ‬ɼத‫఺ܧ‬ɾऴ୺۠ผʣΛ؅ཧ͢Δɽ
NSBroker ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɼDialogBase ΫϥεΛ
֦ுͯ͠ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϨϕϧͷϓϩτίϧΛ࣮૷͢Δɽ
DialogBase ͷ֦ுΫϥεͷ֤ϝιουͷ࣮૷ʹ౰ͨͬͯ͸ɼ
DInfoʢͱͦͷ਌Ϋϥεͷ BPInfoʣ͕ఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔϝιουΛ
࢖༻ͯ͠ɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϨϕϧͷ API ͱ NSBroker ͷ
ϓϩτίϧͱͷؒͷσʔλม‫׵‬Λߦ͏ɽ
4.5. ૊ࠐΈμΠΞϩά
NSBroker ʹ͸ɼ͋Β͔͡Ί 5 ͭͷμΠΞϩάΫϥε͕
༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽશମʹ‫ڞ‬௨Ͱ࢖༻͞ΕΔϓϩύςΟΛද
2 ʹࣔ͢ɽͦΕͧΕͷμΠΞϩά͸͜ΕΒ‫ڞ‬௨ͷϓϩύςΟ
ʹՃ͑ͯಠࣗͷϓϩύςΟΛ࣋ͭɽ
ද2
NSBroker Ͱ‫ڞ‬௨ʹ࢖ΘΕΔϓϩύςΟҰཡ
ϓϩύςΟ໊
આ໌
@serial no
ϝοηʔδͷ௨͠൪߸
@query seq
QU ERY ͷ௨͠൪߸
@f rom
ૹ৴‫ݩ‬ͷ proxyID
@to
ૹ৴ઌͷ proxyID
@relay
த‫ૹܧ‬৴ͷఆٛ
@result
QU ERY ͷ࣮ߦ݁Ռ
@timestamp
λΠϜελϯϓ
@type
ίϯςϯπछผ (text/image/binary)
27
4.5.1. γεςϜύϥϝʔλͷ໰߹ͤ΍ઃఆ
SystemDialog ͸ɼNSBroker ͷϒϩʔΧ͕؅ཧ͍ͯ͠
ΔγεςϜύϥϝʔλʹର͢ΔΞΫηοαͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬
Δɽมߋ͕‫͞ڐ‬ΕͨγεςϜύϥϝʔλʹରͯ͠͸஋Λม
ߋͰ͖ΔɽSystemDialog ͸ ‘system’ ͱ͍͏ࣝผ໊Ͱొ࿥
͞Εͯ͋Δɽද 3 ʹ system μΠΞϩάͰ࢖༻͢Δϓϩύ
ςΟΛࣔ͢ɽ
ද3
system μΠΞϩάͷϓϩύςΟҰཡ
ϓϩύςΟ໊
આ໌
@proxy no
Քಈ͍ͯ͠ΔϓϩΩγͷ‫਺ݸ‬
@proxy
ରԠ͢ΔϓϩΩγ ID
@server
αʔό ID
@members
ϝϯό ID Ϧετ
@proxy inf o
ϓϩΩγάϧʔϓͷҰཡ৘ใ
@server inf o
αʔόҰཡ৘ใ
@member inf o
ϝϯόͷҰཡ৘ใ
@next proxy
࣍ʹׂΓ౰ͯΔϓϩΩγ ID
ύϥϝʔλͷ஋Λ໰߹͍ͤͨ৔߹͸ɼΩʔ໊͚͔ͩΒͳ
ΔϓϩύςΟΛࢦఆͨ͠ system ϝοηʔδΛ QUERY ͷ
ಉ‫ͼݺظ‬ग़͠Ͱૹ৴͢Δɽͦͷ݁Ռฦ͞ΕΔ ANSWER ͷ
ϓϩύςΟͷ஋Λࢀর͢Ε͹Α͍ɽύϥϝʔλͷ஋ͷઃఆ
͸ɼϓϩύςΟʹ஋Λઃఆͯ͠ system ϝοηʔδΛૹ৴͢
Ε͹Α͍ɽઃఆ͕ਖ਼࣮͘͠ߦ͞Εͨ৔߹͸ɼANSWER ͷ
@result ϓϩύςΟͷ஋͕ ‘OK’ ͱͳΔɽ
ҎԼ͸γεςϜύϥϝʔλͷࢀরͱઃఆΛߦ͏ QUERY
ͱͦΕʹର͢Δ ANSWER ͷྫͰ͋ΔɽҎԼͷྫͰμΠΞ
ϩάࣝผ໊ͷલͷจࣈ͸ϝοηʔδͷछผΛද͕͢ɼ‘/’ ͸
QUERY ͷಉ‫ͼݺظ‬ग़͠Λҙຯ͢Δɽಉ‫ͼݺظ‬ग़͠Ͱ͸ɼૹ
৴ଆ͸ QUERY Λද͢ ‘?’ Λઌ಄จࣈͱͨ͠ϝοηʔδΛ
ૹ৴‫ޙ‬଴ͪঢ়ଶͱͳΓɼANSWER Λड͚औͬͯ಺༰֬ೝ
Λߦ͔ͬͯΒ‫ͼݺ‬ग़͠ଆʹ੍‫ޚ‬Λ໭͢ɽ
/system
%system
/system
%system
/system
%system
@proxy @members
@proxy=3 @members=1:3 @result=OK
@next_proxy
@next_proxy=4 @result=OK
@next_proxy=200
@next_proxy=200 @result=OK
4.5.2. ϝοηʔδͷૹड৴࣌ࠁͷଌఆ
PingDialog ͸ϝοηʔδͷૹड৴࣌ࠁΛଌఆ͢ΔͨΊͷ
μΠΞϩάͰ͋ΔɽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯଆͰઃఆ͢Δϓϩύ
ςΟ͸ͳ͍͕ɼNSBroker ͷ಺෦ͰɼDialog ΠϯλϑΣʔ
εͷ 5 ͭͷϝιουʹରԠͨ͠λΠϜελϯϓ͕ࠁҹ͞Εɼ
ϝοηʔδͷड৴ଆͰ͸ରԠ͢ΔϓϩύςΟͰͦͷ஋Λࢀর
Ͱ͖ΔɽPingDialog ͸ ‘ping ͱ͍͏ࣝผ໊Ͱొ࿥͞Εͯ͋
Δɽද 4 ʹ ping μΠΞϩάͰ࢖༻͢ΔϓϩύςΟΛࣔ͢ɽ
ද4
ping μΠΞϩάͷϓϩύςΟҰཡ
ϓϩύςΟ໊
આ໌
@time query
QU ERY ͷൃ৴࣌ࠁ
@time onquery
QU ERY ͷड৴࣌ࠁ
@time onanswer
AN SW ER ͷड৴࣌ࠁ
@time notif y
N OT IF Y ͷൃ৴࣌ࠁ
@time onnotif y
N OT IF Y ͷड৴࣌ࠁ
ping μΠΞϩάͷ࢖༻ྫΛҎԼʹࣔ͢ɽ
28
秋口忠三
?ping @to=3 @query_seq=7 @time_query=21:28:04.895
%ping @to=3 @query_seq=7 @time_query=21:28:04.895 \
@from=2 @time_onquery=21:28:03.589
\
@result=OK @time_onanswer=21:28:04.895
͜ͷྫ͸͋ΔϚγϯͰՔಇ͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥΠΞϯτ
(@proxy=2) ͔ΒผϚγϯͰՔಇ͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥΠΞϯτ
(@proxy=3) ʹ ping Λ QUERY ͱͯ͠ൃߦ͠ɼͦͷ݁Ռ
ͷ ANSWER ϝοηʔδΛࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋ΔɽQUERY ൃ
৴ଆͷϚγϯͷλΠϚͱ ANSWER ฦ৴ଆͷϚγϯͷλΠ
Ϛͷ͕࣌ؒࠩಡΈऔΕΔɽ
4.5.3. ϑΝΠϧͷసૹ
FTPDialog ͸ϑΝΠϧͷૹड৴Λߦ͏μΠΞϩάΫϥε
Ͱ͋ΔɽFTPDialog ͸ ‘ftp’ ͱ͍͏ࣝผ໊Ͱొ࿥͞Εͯ͋
Δɽද 5 ʹ ftp μΠΞϩάͰ࢖༻͢ΔϓϩύςΟΛࣔ͢ɽ
ද5
ftp μΠΞϩάͷϓϩύςΟҰཡ
ҎԼ͸ίϯςϯπͷૹड৴ͱදࣔΛߦ͏ϝοηʔδͷྫ
Ͱ͋Δɽ
?view @file=account.txt
?view @type=image @file=ph.jpg @title=cute_girl
!view @type=binary @file=BRK.zip @sink=BRK2012.zip
4.5.5. γΣϧίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦ
ShellDialog ͸ɼγΣϧίϚϯυΛ QUERY ͱͯ͠ൃߦ
͠ɼͦͷ࣮ߦ݁ՌΛ ANSWER ͱͯ͠ड৴͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳΛ΋ͬ
ͨμΠΞϩάΫϥεͰ͋ΔɽShellDialog ͸ɼ‘rash’ ͱ͍͏
ࣝผ໊Ͱొ࿥͞Εͯ͋Δɽ͜ͷμΠΞϩάΫϥεΛ࢖͏͜
ͱʹΑͬͯγΣϧίϚϯυͷಉ‫ͼݺظ‬ग़͕͠ՄೳʹͳΔɽද
7 ʹ shell μΠΞϩάͰ࢖༻͢ΔϓϩύςΟΛࣔ͢ɽ
ද7
shell μΠΞϩάͷϓϩύςΟҰཡ
ϓϩύςΟ໊
આ໌
ϓϩύςΟ໊
આ໌
@command
γΣϧίϚϯυͷίϚϯυจࣈྻ
@f ile
ૹ৴͢ΔϑΝΠϧ໊
@exitcode
γΣϧίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦ݁Ռͷऴྃίʔυ
@sink
ड৴ϑΝΠϧͷอଘ໊
@content
ίϚϯυͷඪ४ग़ྗ΁ͷग़ྗ݁Ռ
@type
ίϯςϯπछผ (text/image/binary)
@size
ϑΝΠϧͷ༰ྔ
ҎԼʹ࢖༻ྫΛࣔ͢ɽ
?ftp @file=BRK.zip @sink=BRK2012.zip @type=binary
!ftp @file=BRK.zip @sink=BRK2012.zip @type=binary
?ftp @file=src/Broker.java @sink=work
࠷ॳͷྫ͸όΠφϦϑΝΠϧ BRK.zip ΛϓϩΩγάϧʔ
ϓͷϝϯό͔Βऔಘ͠ BRK2012.zip ͱ͍͏໊લͰอଘ͢Δɽ
2 ൪໨ͷྫ͸ BRK.zip Λάϧʔϓϝϯόʹ BRK2012.zip
ͱ͍͏໊લͰ഑৴͢Δɽ࠷‫ޙ‬ͷྫ͸ɼάϧʔϓϝϯό͔Β
src/Broker.java ΛςΩετϑΝΠϧͱͯ͠औಘ͠ɼwork
σΟϨΫτϦͷԼʹอଘ͢Δɽ
ϑΝΠϧͷछผ͸ @type ϓϩύςΟ Ͱ໌ࣔతʹࢦఆ͢
Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽϑΝΠϧछผ @type ͷࢦఆ͕ͳ͍৔߹͸
ϑΝΠϧ໊ͷఴ͑ࣈ͔ΒछผΛ൑ఆ͢ΔɽόΠφϦϑΝΠϧ
(@type=binary) ͱը૾ϑΝΠϧ (@type=image) ʹ͍ͭͯ
͸ɼૹ৴ଆͰ Base64 ͰςΩετ‫ʹࣜܗ‬Τϯίʔυͯ͠ૹ
৴͠ड৴ଆͰσίʔυͯ͠‫ݩ‬ͷσʔλ‫ࣜܗ‬Λ࠶‫͍ͯ͠ݱ‬Δɽ
ςΩετϑΝΠϧ͸సૹͷաఔͰ͜ͷΑ͏ͳม‫ߦ͕׵‬ΘΕ
ͳ͍ͷͰޮ཰తͰ͋Δɽ@size ϓϩύςΟ͸ Broker ͕స
ૹॲཧΛߦ͏ࡍʹड৴ͨ͠σʔλΛϝϞϦ্Ͱอ࣋͢Δ͔
ϑΝΠϧͰอ࣋͢Δ͔Λ൑அ͢Δ৘ใͱͯ͠࢖༻͢Δɽ‫ݱ‬
ࡏ͸ 1M όΠτҎԼͷσʔλ͸ϝϞϦ্ʹอ࣋͢Δ࣮૷ͱ
͍ͯ͠Δɽ
4.5.6. ೚ҙͷμΠΞϩάͷ࣮ߦ
೚ҙͷμΠΞϩάΫϥεΛ࣮ߦ͢ΔͨΊʹɼࣝผ໊͕ ‘execute’ ͱ͍͏Ծ૝తͳμΠΞϩάΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽexecute
μΠΞϩά͸@fqcn ϓϩύςΟΛ΋ͪɼ͜ͷϓϩύςΟʹ
μΠΞϩάΫϥεͷ‫׬‬શम০໊ (FQCN) Λࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ
૊ΈࠐΈμΠΞϩάͱಉ༷ʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ఆٛͨ͠
μΠΞϩάΫϥεΛ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
ҎԼʹ execute ͷ࢖༻ྫΛࣔ͢ɽ
?execute @fqcn=app.mandel.MandelDialog \
res=0.005 real=-0.6 imag=0.4
!execute @fqcn=app.mandel.MandelDialog \
res=1.0E-4 real=-1.76 imag=0.0
4.6. ࣮ߦ࣌ͷΦϒδΣΫτߏ੒
ਤ 5 ͸ϒϩʔΧʹҰͭͷαʔόͱ 3 ͭͷΫϥΠΞϯτ͕
઀ଓ͠ɼΫϥΠΞϯτ CA1 ͔Βը૾ϑΝΠϧ fuji.jpg Λ
NOTIFY ഑৴ͨ͠ͱ͖ͷΦϒδΣΫτߏ੒ͱϝοηʔδϑ
ϩʔΛࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽਤ 2 ʹࣔͨ͠૒ํ޲௨৴Ϟσϧ
ʹରͯ͠ϒϩʔΧͱΤʔδΣϯτʹϞχλ͕઀ଓͨ͠΋ͷ
ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ͜͜ͰɼBroker ͱ ServerɼClient1 ͸ಉ
ҰϚγϯ্ͰɼClient2 ͱ Client3 ͸ผϚγϯͰಈ࡞ͯ͠
͍Δɽ
4.5.4. ίϯςϯπͷૹड৴ͱදࣔ
ViewDialog ͸ FTPDialog Λ֦ுͨ͠μΠΞϩάͰ͋
ΓɼςΩετϑΝΠϧɼόΠφϦϑΝΠϧɼը૾ϑΝΠϧͷ
ૹड৴ͱͦͷ಺༰ͷදࣔ‫ػ‬ೳΛ΋ͭɽViewDialog ͸ ‘view’
ͱ͍͏ࣝผ໊Ͱొ࿥͞Εͯ͋Δɽද 6 ʹ view μΠΞϩά
Ͱ࢖༻͢ΔϓϩύςΟΛࣔ͢ɽ
ද6
view μΠΞϩάͷϓϩύςΟҰཡ
ϓϩύςΟ໊
આ໌
@f ile
ૹ৴͢ΔϑΝΠϧ໊
@sink
ड৴ϑΝΠϧͷอଘ໊
@type
ίϯςϯπछผ (text/image/binary)
@size
ϑΝΠϧͷ༰ྔ
@title
ίϯςϯπͷදࣔλΠτϧ
ਤ5
1 αʔόͱ 3 ΫϥΠΞϯτͰͷ૒ํ޲௨৴
NSBroker: インターネット上での対話型通信基盤
CM1 ্ͰͷϢʔβૢ࡞ʹΑͬͯ CA1 ͔Βൃߦ͞Εͨ NOTIFY ϝοηʔδ͸ΫϥΠΞϯτϓϩΩγ CP1 ͕ड৴͠ɼ
αʔόϓϩΩγ SP ͱΫϥΠΞϯτϓϩΩγ CP2 ͱ CP3 ʹ
సૹ͞ΕɼͦΕͧΕରԠ͢ΔΤʔδΣϯτʹૹ৴͞ΕΔɽ֤
ΤʔδΣϯτ͸Ϟχλϝιουͷ viewImage(title, bimage)
ϝιουΛ࢖ͬͯड৴ͨ͠ը૾Λ GUI Ϟχλʹදࣔ͢Δɽ
͜͜Ͱࣔͨ͠ΦϒδΣΫτਤ͸ɼbroker.gui.MonitorBase
ΫϥεΛ֦ுͨ͠ BrokerPanel Ϋϥεͱ AgentPanel Ϋ
ϥεͷ GUI Λ࢖͍ͬͯΔɽ
NOTIFY ϝοηʔδΛड৴͠ը૾Λදࣔͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ GUI
ը໘ͷදࣔঢ়‫گ‬Λਤ 6 ʹࣔ͢ɽClient2 ͱ Client3 ʹରԠ
͢Δը໘͸ଞͷϚγϯ্Ͱಈ࡞͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ͜ͷਤʹ͸‫ؚ‬
·Ε͍ͯͳ͍ɽ
ਤ6
Broker ͱαʔόɼΫϥΠΞϯτͷ GUI ը໘
5. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃϓϩηε
5.1. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃશମͷྲྀΕ
γεςϜύϥϝʔλͷࢀরͱઃఆɼϑΝΠϧͷૹड৴ɼς
Ωετ΍ը૾౳ͷσʔλίϯςϯπͷૹड৴ͱදࣔɼγΣ
ϧίϚϯυͷૹ৴ͱ࣮ߦ݁Ռͷૹड৴౳ͷ‫ج‬ຊతͳ૒ํ޲
௨৴‫ػ‬ೳʹؔͯ͠͸ୈ 4.5. અͰड़΂ͨɽ૊ΈࠐΈμΠΞϩ
άͰఏ‫͞ڙ‬Ε͍ͯͳ͍ϝοηʔδަ‫׵‬Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊʹ͸
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯಠࣗͷϓϩτίϧΛઃ‫͠ܭ‬μΠΞϩάΫ
ϥεΛ࣮૷͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɽຊઅͰ͸ɼΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯಠࣗͷ૒ํ޲௨৴‫ػ‬ೳΛ։ൃ͢ΔखॱΛࣔ͢ɽ
5.2. ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷϓϩτίϧઃ‫ܭ‬
૒ํ޲௨৴ͷϓϩτίϧઃ‫Ͱܭ‬͸ Dialog ΠϯλϑΣʔε
ͷ̑ͭͷϝιουΛ࣮૷͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯϨϕϧͷ࢓༷Λܾఆ͢Δɽ
•
•
•
•
•
μΠΞϩάࣝผ໊
ϓϩύςΟͷΩʔ໊
ϓϩύςΟͷऔΓ͏Δ஋ͷఆٛ
QUERY ͷछྨͱ౉͢΂͖ϓϩύςΟ
֤ QUERY ʹର͢Δ ANSWER ͷछྨͱ౉͢΂͖ϓ
ϩύςΟ
• NOTIFY ͷछྨͱ౉͢΂͖ϓϩύςΟ
QUERY ͱ ANSWERɼNOTIFY ͷछผ͸ɼϓϩύςΟ
ͷ૊߹ͤύλʔϯͰ൑ఆͯ͠΋ྑ͍͠ɼ໌ࣔతʹϝιου
໊ΛϓϩύςΟͰఆٛͯ͠΋ྑ͍ɽ͜ΕΒͷ࢓༷Λܾఆ͢
Δ͜ͱ͸̍ͭͷΫϥεͷ API Λઃ‫͢ܭ‬Δ͜ͱʹ૬౰͢Δɽ
QA ‫ܕ‬௨৴ͱ NOTIFY ‫ܕ‬௨৴͸྆ํΛ࣮૷͢Δඞཁ͸ͳ͍
͕ɼଟ͘ͷ৔߹྆ऀ͸ྨࣅͨ͠ίʔυͰ࣮૷Ͱ͖Δɽ
29
5.3. μΠΞϩάΫϥεͷ࣮૷
ϓϩτίϧઃ‫ ͍ͯͮجʹ༷࢓ܭ‬Dialog ΠϯλϑΣʔε
ͷ 5 ͭͷϝιουΛ࣮૷͢Δɽ֤ϝιου͸μΠΞϩάϓ
ϩύςΟΛ؅ཧ͢Δ DInfo ΫϥεΛ࢖ͬͯϓϩύςΟͷఆ
ٛɾ஋ͷઃఆɾ஋ͷࢀরΛߦ͍ɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕༻ҙ
ͨ͠ΫϥεͷϝιουΛ‫ͼݺ‬ग़ͤ͹ྑ͍ɽ
5.4. ϢʔβΠϯλϑΣʔεͷઃ‫૷࣮ͱܭ‬
αʔόͱΫϥΠΞϯτͷ྆ऀʹ͍ͭͯϢʔβΠϯλϑΣʔ
εΛઃ‫͢ܭ‬ΔɽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϨϕϧͰͷϢʔβΠϯλ
ϑΣʔεͷઃ‫Ͱܭ‬͸ɼަ৴૬खʹ౉͢σʔλͷೖྗ‫ࣜܗ‬ɼߋ
৽૬ख͔Βड͚औΔσʔλʹର࣮ͯ͠ߦ͢΂͖ΞΫγϣϯ
Λܾఆ͢Δɽड৴σʔλͷදࣔʹ͸ Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔ
εͷ API Λ༻͍Δɽ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯಠࣗͷσʔλͷද͕ࣔඞཁͳ৔߹͸ɼ
Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛಠࣗʹ࣮૷͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ
͍ɽಠࣗͷ Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔεͷ࣮૷Ͱ͸ MonitorBase ΫϥεΛ֦ு͢Δ͔ɼMonitorBase Ϋϥεͷ࣮૷Λ
ࢀߟʹ৽ͨʹઃ‫૷࣮ͱܭ‬Λߦ͏͜ͱʹͳΔɽapp.AppPanel,
app.ChatServerPane, app.ChatPanel ͸య‫ܕ‬తͳΤʔδΣ
ϯτଆͷϢʔβΠϯλϑΣʔεͱͦΕΛ֦ுͨ͠αʔόͱ
ΫϥΠΞϯτͷϢʔβΠϯλϑΣʔεͷ࣮૷ྫͰ͋Δɽ
ϒϩʔΧଆͷ GUI ͸ broker.gui.BrokerPanel Ͱఏ‫͞ڙ‬
Ε͍ͯΔɽapp.AshBroker ͸͜Εʹ Shell ΠϯλϑΣʔε
ͱͯ͠ Ash γΣϧίϚϯυΛධՁ࣮ߦ͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳ͕࣮૷͞Ε
͍ͯΔɽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ಠࣗͷϒϩʔΧ‫ػ‬ೳΛඞཁͱ
͢Δ৔߹͸ɼbroker.gui.BrokerPanel Λ֦ு͢Δͷ͕ྑ͍
ͩΖ͏ɽ
5.5. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ‫ػ‬ೳͷ࡞ΓࠐΈ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯಠࣗͷ૒ํ޲௨৴‫ػ‬ೳ͸μΠΞϩάΫ
ϥεͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͢Δ͕ɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ‫ػ‬ೳ͸ɼAgent
ΫϥεɼHttpBase Ϋϥεɼ૊ࠐΈμΠΞϩάͷ֤Ϋϥε
͕ఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ‫ػ‬ೳΛ૊Έ߹Θ࣮ͤͯ‫͢ݱ‬Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽΞϓ
Ϧέʔγϣϯଆ͕࢖༻͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳ͸ Agent Ϋϥεͱͦͷ਌Ϋ
ϥε͕ఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔϝιουͰ͋Δɽओཁͳ΋ͷΛҎԼʹࣔ͢ɽ
class Agent extends HttpBase {
// HttpBase Ͱఆٛ͞ΕͨϝιουʢҰ෦ʣ
void sendQuery(dinfo);
void sendAnswer(dinfo, result);
void sendNotify(dinfo);
void sendPlain(message);
void sendMessage(message);
boolean notifyViewText(title, text);
void sendText(text);
boolean notifyViewImage(title, bimage);
void viewImageFile(fname);
void sendBinary(fname);
void setInvokeTimeout(int timeout);
DInfo invoke(query);
DInfo invoke(dinfo);
boolean evalQuery(query);
void evalNotify(invoice);
// ΦʔόϥΠυՄೳͳϝιου
protected void onClose();
protected void onCommand(command);
protected void onMessage(message);
// Agent Ͱఆٛ͞ΕͨϝιουʢҰ෦ʣ
static Agent open(url,role,userId,password);
void startListening(int timeout);
void close();
}
Data types of arguments are defined below:
dinfo: DInfo, bimage: BufferedImage,
30
秋口忠三
paramMap: Map<String,String>,
timeout: int, *: String;
6. ద༻ࣄྫ
ຊઅͰ͸ NSBroker ͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ϥΠϒϥϦΛ༻͍ͨΞ
ϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ 3 ͭͷྫΛࣔ͢ɽ
6.1. ϓϩάϥϜྫ̍ɿQuickChat
ਤ 6 ͸؆қνϟοτγεςϜ QuickChat ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ͷ GUI
ը໘Ͱ͋ΔɽQuickChat ͸ɼNSBroker ͷ࢓༷‫ݕ‬౼ͱ࣮૷ɼ
ςετɼੑೳධՁΛߦ͏ͨΊͷ‫ߏڥ؀‬ஙͷҰ‫ͯ͠ͱ؀‬։ൃ
ͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
QuickChat ͷ։ൃͰ͸ɼ·ͣ Monitor ΠϯλϑΣʔε
Λ࣮૷ͨ͠ GUI ϕʔεΫϥεͱͯ͠ MonitorBase Λ࡞੒
ͨ͠ɽBroker ͱ ServerɼClient ͷ GUI ը໘͸ MonitorBase Λ࢖༻ͯ͠ߏஙͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
MonitorBase Ͱ͸ɼૹ৴ϝοηʔδΛฤू͢ΔྖҬɼϝο
ηʔδΛ NOTIFY ·ͨ͸ಉ‫ظ‬ɾඇಉ‫ظ‬ͷ QUERY ͱͯ͠
ૹ৴͢ΔͨΊͷϘλϯΛ഑ஔ͢ΔྖҬɼड৴ͨ͠ϝοηʔ
δΛදࣔ͢ΔྖҬɼγεςϜঢ়ଶͷදࣔྖҬɼ֤छμΠΞ
ϩάͷ࣮ߦ༻ϘλϯΛ഑ஔ͢ΔྖҬΛ؅ཧ͍ͯ͠Δɽड৴
ͨ͠ίϯςϯπͷදࣔ΍μΠΞϩάͷฤूྖҬͱͯ͠ɼϝο
ηʔδදࣔྖҬͱಉ͡৔ॴʹλϒ෇ͷදࣔྖҬΛઃ͚ͨɽ
BrokerMonitor ͸ MonitorBase ʹରͯ͠ Broker ͷ؅
ཧ‫ػ‬ೳΛ௥Ճͯ͠΋ͷͰ͋Γɼ‫ى‬ಈϚγϯͷ IP ΞυϨεͱ
ϙʔτ൪߸ɼૹड৴͢ΔυΩϡϝϯτϧʔτύεͷදࣔͱ
ઃఆͷྖҬΛඋ͍͑ͯΔɽ
QuickChat ͷαʔόͱΫϥΠΞϯτ͸ը໘λΠτϧҎ֎
͸΄ͱΜͲಉ͡಺༰Ͱ͋Δɽը໘্෦ʹ઀ଓ৘ใͷઃఆྖ
Ҭ͕͋ΓɼϢʔβ໊ɼύεϫʔυɼBroker ͷ URLɼαʔϏ
εͷछผΛઃఆͰ͖Δɽը໘ӈଆͷμΠΞϩά࣮ߦ༻Ϙλ
ϯ഑ஔྖҬʹ͸ɼίϯςϯπૹ৴ (Push)ɼը૾ͷ‫ڠ‬ಉฤू
(Paint, Draw)ɼΞχϝʔγϣϯը૾ͷ഑৴ (Ԍ্ɼ෾ਫ)ɼ
Mondelbrot ը૾ͷ࡞੒ͱ഑৴ (Mandelbrot)ɼઢըͷ࡞ը
(CanvasQ, CanvasN) ౳ͷϘλϯ͕͋Δɽ
ը૾ͷ‫ڠ‬ಉฤू͸Ωϟϯόε্ΛϚ΢εͰઢΛඳ͘ૢ࡞
ΛνϟοτࢀՃऀʹ഑৴͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳͰ͋Δɽը૾ͷมߋ͝ͱʹ
ը૾σʔλશମΛ഑৴͢Δ Paint ͱϚ΢εͷ‫੻ي‬৘ใ͚ͩ
Λ഑৴͢Δ Draw ͷ̎छྨͷϓϩτίϧΛ࣮૷͠ɼ‫ڠ‬ௐฤ
ू࡞‫ۀ‬ͷ࣮࣌ؒੑೳͷධՁΛߦͬͨɽΞχϝʔγϣϯը૾
ͷ഑৴͸ຖඵԿϑϨʔϜͷը૾ͷૹड৴͕Մೳ͔ධՁ͢Δ
ͨΊʹར༻ͨ͠ɽ
Mandelbrot ͸ը૾Λѻ͏ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ૒ํ޲௨
৴‫ػ‬ೳΛ௥Ճ͢Δํ๏Λ‫͢ূݕ‬ΔͨΊʹ։ൃͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸
‫ط‬ଘͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ API ΛμΠΞϩάͱͯ͠ఆٛ͠ɼ
ԕִར༻‫ػ‬ೳ΋֦ͨͤͨுΛߦ͏࣮૷ྫͱͳΔɽ
ઢըͷ࡞ը͸ɼઢըͷඳըϥΠϒϥϦ Canvas ʹରͯ͠
μΠΞϩάΫϥεΛ࣮૷͠ɼ͜ͷ canvas μΠΞϩάΛ࢖ͬ
࣮ͯ૷ͨ͠ɽ໿ 2.2 ສຊͷઢ෼͔ΒͳΔઢը૾Λ QA ௨৴
ํࣜͱ NOTIFY ௨৴ํࣜͰ࣮ߦ͠ɼ֤छͷ৚݅ͷ‫Ͱݩ‬ඳ
ըίετͱ௨৴ίετͷׂ߹Λଌఆͨ͠ɽ͜ΕΒͷੑೳධ
Ձͷ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯ͸ୈ 7. અͰड़΂Δɽ
6.2. ϓϩάϥϜྫ̎ɿϦϞʔτγΣϧ rash
NSBroker ͷμΠΞϩάΫϥε͸ɼGUI ͔Βར༻͢Δͩ
͚Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɼίϚϯυϥΠϯ·ͨ͸εΫϦϓτϑΝΠϧ͔
ΒಡΈऔͬͨϝοηʔδΛΠϯλϓϦλํࣜͰධՁɾ࣮ߦ
͢Δ͜ͱͰར༻͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δɽ
ҎԼͷ readEvalPrint ϝιου͸ΠϯλϓϦλͷτοϓ
Ϩϕϧͷ੍‫ߏޚ‬଄Λࣔ͢ɽ
void readEvalPrint(url, role, userId, password) {
Agent agent = Agent.open(url,role,userId,password);
agent.startListening(2000);
String line;
while((line = readLine()) != null) {
String message = line.substring(1);
switch(line.charAt(0)) {
case ’@’: agent.sendPlain(message); break;
case ’!’: agent.evalNotify(message); break;
case ’?’: agent.evalQuery(message); break;
case ’/’:
DInfo answer = agent.invoke(message);
if(answer != null) println(answer.message());
break;
}
}
agent.close();
}
open ϝιουͰ Broker ʹ઀ଓ͠ɼͦͷ݁ՌಘΒΕΔ
Agent ΦϒδΣΫτΛ࢖ͬͯϝοηʔδΛॲཧ͢Δϝιο
υΛ‫ͼݺ‬ग़͢ɽϝΠϯϧʔϓͰ͸ɼreadLine() ͕ίϚϯυ
ϥΠϯ·ͨ͸ϝοηʔδΛ‫ه‬ड़ͨ͠εΫϦϓτ͔Β 1 ߦͷ
ϝοηʔδΛಡࠐΈɼϝοηʔδछผ͝ͱʹ HttpBase ͕
ఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔରԠ͢ΔϝιουΛ‫ͼݺ‬ग़͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷϝοηʔ
δ͸ୈ 3.2. અͰࣔͨ͠ߏจʹै͏ɽ
ୈ 4.5. Ͱड़΂ͨΑ͏ʹઌ಄จࣈͷ ‘/’ ͸ QUERY ͷಉ‫ظ‬
‫ݺ‬ग़͠Λҙຯ͠ɼAgent Ϋϥεͷ invoke(message) ϝιο
υͰ࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷϝιου͸࣮ߦ݁Ռͱͯ͠ DInfo
‫ܕ‬ͷ஋Λฦ͢ɽ͜ͷ಺༰Λจࣈྻʹม‫͢׵‬Ε͹݁ՌΛಡΈ
औΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
rash ͸͜ͷϝιουΛࠎ֨ʹ࡞੒ͨ͠ Ash ίϚϯυͷ
ϦϞʔτγΣϧͰ͋ΔɽreadEvalPrint ʹࣔͨ͠ 4 छྨͷ
ϝοηʔδʹՃ͑ͯɼϦϞʔτͰͷ Ash ίϚϯυ (ઌ಄จ
ࣈ ‘>’) ͱϩʔΧϧͳ Ash ίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦͰ͖Δ‫ػ‬ೳ͕͋Δɽ
·ͨ QUERY ͷಉ‫݁ߦ࣮ظ‬Ռͷදࣔ (:prop)ɼ֤ίϚϯυ
ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ؒͷදࣔ (:prof)ɼϝοηʔδϩάͷදࣔ (:mlog)ɼ
ϝοηʔδΤίʔͷදࣔ (:echo) Λ੍‫͢ޚ‬Δϑϥάͷઃఆ‫ػ‬
ೳΛ༻ҙͨ͠ɽ
͜ΕΒͷ rash ίϚϯυΛεΫϦϓτϑΝΠϧͰ‫ه‬ड़͠ɼ
‫ػ‬ೳςετ΍ੑೳςετͷࣗಈԽΛਤ͍ͬͯΔɽҎԼ͸ ftp
μΠΞϩάͷੑೳධՁ༻ͷεΫϦϓτͰ͋ΔɽੑೳධՁͷ
ͨΊͷσΟϨΫτϦͷॳ‫ظ‬Խɼେ༰ྔϑΝΠϧͷ QUERY
ಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ʹΑΔऔಘɼNOTIFY ඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ʹΑΔ഑৴ɼ࣮
ߦ݁Ռͷ֬ೝͷͨΊͷϑΝΠϧ৘ใͷදࣔͷॲཧ͕‫ه‬ड़͞
Ε͍ͯΔɽ
rm -fr tmp
mkdir tmp
:echo
:prof
/ftp @file=data/ftp256.data @sink=tmp/get.data
sleep 32000
date
ls -lf tmp/*.data
!ftp @file=data/ftp256.data @sink=tmp/put.data
sleep 8000
date
ls -lf tmp/*.data
6.3. UML ΫϥεਤΤσΟλͷ‫ڠ‬ௐฤूπʔϧ CoDE
CoDE ͸ UML Ϋϥεਤͷ‫ڠ‬ಉฤूπʔϧͰ͋ΓɼΠϯ
λʔωοτͰ઀ଓ͞Εͨෳ਺୆ͷίϯϐϡʔλ্ͰಉҰͷ
ΫϥεਤΛ‫ڠ‬ಉͰฤू͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δɽ‫ݸ‬ਓ࡞‫༻ۀ‬ͷ
UML ΫϥεਤΤσΟλΛ NSBroker Λ࢖֦ͬͯுͨ͠΋
ͷͰ͋ΔɽCoDE ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ͷը໘ΠϝʔδΛਤ 7 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
1 ͭͷΤσΟλͰʮ‫ڠ‬ಉฤूʯͷʮαʔόͷ։࢝ʯΛ࣮
ߦ͢Δͱɼ઀ଓ৘ใ΍Ϛ΢εΧʔιϧͷ৭Λબ୒͢ΔμΠ
Ξϩά͕දࣔ͞ΕɼඞཁͳઃఆΛ֬ೝ‫઀ޙ‬ଓΛ࣮ߦ͢Δͱɼ
ͦͷΤσΟλ͸‫ڠ‬ಉฤूͷαʔόͱͯ͠ϒϩʔΧʹ઀ଓ͠ɼ
ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔ΒͷฤूࢀՃͷཁ‫ٻ‬Λ଴ͭɽ‫ڠ‬ಉฤूΛߦ
͏ࢀՃऀ͸ɼ
ʮ‫ڠ‬ಉฤूʯϝχϡʔ͔Βʮฤू΁ͷࢀՃʯΛ࣮
NSBroker: インターネット上での対話型通信基盤
ߦ͢Δɽಉ༷ͷ઀ଓ֬ೝͷμΠΞϩά͕දࣔ͞ΕΧʔιϧ
ͷ৭Λબ୒ͯ͠઀ଓ͢Δɽ͜ͷঢ়ଶͰࢀՃऀ͸ಉҰͷΫϥ
εਤʹରͯ͠ฤू࡞‫ۀ‬Λߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δঢ়ଶʹͳΔɽ‫ڠ‬
ಉฤूͷࢀՃऀͷҰਓ͕‫࡞ʹط‬੒ͨ͠ UML ΫϥεਤΛฤ
ूର৅ͱͯ͠બ୒͢ΔͱͦͷΫϥεਤͷ৘ใ͸‫ڠ‬ಉฤूͷ
ࢀՃऀશһʹ഑෍͞ΕɼಉҰͷΫϥεਤʹର͢Δ‫ڠ‬ಉฤू
͕ՄೳʹͳΔɽΫϥεΛද͢ϊʔυ΍ؔ܎Λද͢ΞʔΫͷ
௥Ճɼ࡟আɼϊʔυͷҐஔͷมߋɼଐੑ৘ใͷઃఆ΍มߋ
౳ͷΫϥεਤͷ‫ڠ‬ಉฤू͕ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ
31
ೳ্ͷࠩҟ͕ੜ͡Δ͔Λ༧ଌͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ͋ΔɽNSBroker Ͱ૝ఆ͞ΕΔ઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶΛਤ 8 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
࿦ཧߏ੒͸௨৴ओମʢΤʔδΣϯτͱϓϩΩγʣͷ઀ଓ
‫ܗ‬ଶʹΑͬͯมΘΔɽΤʔδΣϯτ͸ͦΕͧΕಠཱͨ͠ϓ
ϩηεͷதͷ 1 εϨουͱͯ͠Քಇ͢Δɽ֤ΤʔδΣϯτ
ͱ઀ଓ͢ΔϓϩΩγ͸ϒϩʔΧ͕ಈ࡞͢Δϓϩηεͷதͷ
1 εϨουͱͯ͠Քಇ͢Δɽ֤ϓϩηε͸ΠϯλʔωοτͰ
઀ଓ͞Εͨ೚ҙͷϚγϯ্Ͱಈ࡞ͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ͠
͕ͨͬͯ෺ཧతʹ͸ଟ༷ͳ઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶΛͱΓಘΔɽ
΋ͬͱͷ୯७ͳ઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶ͸ΤʔδΣϯτͱϓϩΩγ͕ಉ
ҰϚγϯͷผϓϩηεͱͯ͠௨৴͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹Ͱ͋Δ (ਤ
8-(a))ɽయ‫ܕ‬తͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸Ұͭͷ LAN ্Ͱෳ਺
ͷ PC ͕઀ଓ͢Δ‫ܗ‬ଶͰ͋ΓɼҰ୆ͷϚγϯ্ͰϒϩʔΧ
͕Քಇ͠ɼ͜ΕʹҰͭͷαʔόͱෳ਺ͷΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ͦ
ΕͧΕผͷίϯϐϡʔλ্Ͱಈ࡞͢Δ‫ܗ‬ଶͰ͋Δ (ਤ 8-(c))ɽ
࠷΋ҰൠతͰෳࡶͳ઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶ͸ɼάϩʔόϧ IP ΞυϨεΛ
΋ͭ ҰͭͷϚγϯ্Ͱಈ࡞͢ΔϒϩʔΧʹରͯ͠Πϯλʔ
ωοτ্ͷҰͭͷίϯϐϡʔλ͕αʔόͱͯ͠઀ଓ͠ɼ͞
Βʹผͷෳ਺ͷίϯϐϡʔλ͕ΫϥΠΞϯτͱͯ͠ϒϩʔ
ΧΛ‫ܦ‬༝ͯ͠αʔόʹ઀ଓ͢Δ‫ܗ‬ଶͰ͋Δɽ͞Βʹɼෳ਺
ͷαʔόͱෳ਺ͷΫϥΠΞϯτ͕૬‫઀ʹޓ‬ଓ͋͠͏‫ܗ‬ଶ΋
ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
ਤ7
CoDE ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ը໘
CoDE Ͱ͸‫ڠ‬ಉฤू‫ػ‬ೳΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊʹ DialogBase Λ
֦ுͨ͠ UMLCanvasDialog ΫϥεΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͠ΔɽΦʔ
όϥΠυͨ͠ϝιου͸ onNotify(dinfo) ͚ͩͰ͋ΓɼΫ
ϥεਤฤूʹ͸ NOTIFY ௨৴͚ͩΛ࢖͍ͬͯΔɽϓϩτ
ίϧ͸ UML Ϋϥεਤͷฤूૢ࡞Λ method ϓϩύςΟͰ
ࢦఆ͠ɼ෇ଐ͢ΔύϥϝʔλΛͦΕͧΕͷϓϩύςΟͰࢦ
ఆ͢ΔํࣜΛͱ͍ͬͯΔɽϚ΢εͷ‫ج‬ຊૢ࡞΋ఆ͓ٛͯ͠
ΓɼϚ΢ευϥοάʹΑΔϊʔυҠಈ΋ଈ࠲ʹ‫ڠ‬ಉฤूऀ
ʹϑΟʔυόοΫͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹઃ‫͞ܭ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ
Ϛ΢εϙΠϯλ͸ͦΕͧΕͷࢀՃऀ͝ͱʹҟͳΔ৭Λ෇
͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖͞ΒʹࢀՃऀͷϢʔβ໊΋දࣔ͞ΕΔɽ‫ڠ‬
ಉฤूऀ͸ଞͷฤूऀͷϚ΢εͷಈ͖Λ‫͕ͳݟ‬Βࣗ෼ͷฤ
ू࡞‫ۀ‬Λߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ΄ͱΜͲ࣌ؒࠩΛ‫͍ͳ͡ײ‬ఔ
౓ͷԠ౴ੑೳ͕࣮‫͞ݱ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ
7.
NSBroker ͷੑೳධՁ
ຊઅͰ͸ɼ·ͣ NSBroker Λ࢖༻ͯ͠ߏஙͰ͖ΔΞϓϦ
έʔγϣϯͷωοτϫʔΫߏ੒Λࣔ͠‫ج‬ຊతͳ௨৴‫ܗ‬ଶΛ
੔ཧ͢Δɽଓ͍֤ͯछ௨৴‫ܗ‬ଶʹ͓͚Δ௨৴ͷ‫ج‬ຊੑೳɼඳ
ըੑೳͱͷ૬ରൺֱɼେ༰ྔσʔλͷૹड৴ੑೳͷͦΕͧ
Εͷଌఆ݁ՌΛࣔ͢ɽ͜ΕΒͷଌఆσʔλΛ౿·͑แ‫ׅ‬త
ͳੑೳධՁΛߦ͏ɽ
ද 8 ʹੑೳଌఆʹ࢖༻ͨ͠Ϛγϯͷ࢓༷Λࣔ͢ɽ
ද8
ੑೳଌఆͰ࢖༻ͨ͠Ϛγϯͷ࢓༷
7.1. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷωοτϫʔΫߏ੒
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛߏங͢Δ৔߹ɼ֤छͷ࿦ཧతͳωο
τϫʔΫߏ੒ͱ෺ཧతͳωοτϫʔΫߏ੒ͰͲͷΑ͏ͳੑ
ਤ8
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷωοτϫʔΫߏ੒
ຊߘͰ͸ɼ֤छωοτϫʔΫߏ੒Ͱͷੑೳ༧ଌͷ‫ૅج‬σʔ
λΛಘΔͨΊʹɼਤ 8-(a) ͷ A-P ઀ଓͱਤ 8-(b)(c) ͷ C-S ઀
ଓʹ͍ͭͯɼ֤ϓϩηε͕ಉҰϚγϯ্ʹ͋Δ৔߹ͱ LAN
‫ڥ؀‬ͷҟͳΔϚγϯ্ʹ͋Δ৔߹ͰͷੑೳධՁΛߦ͏ɽ
ਤ 9 ͱਤ 10 ͸ͦΕͧΕ A-P ઀ଓͱ C-S ઀ଓͰͷಉ‫ظ‬௨
৴ͱඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ͷϝοηʔδγʔέϯεΛࣔ͢ɽ͍ͣΕ΋
ftp μΠΞϩάΛϑΝΠϧૹ৴ཁ‫ٻ‬ͷಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ (/ftp) ͱϑΝ
Πϧૹ৴ͷඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ (!ftp) ΛߦͬͨࡍͷγʔέϯεਤͰ
͋Δɽ͜ΕΒͷਤͰॎํ޲ͷ఺ઢͷ໼ҹ (S,R) ͸ϑΝΠϧ
σʔλͷૹ৴ʢS:ϑΝΠϧಡࠐΈɼΤϯίʔυɼηϯυʣͱ
ड৴ʢR:ϨγʔϒɼσίʔυɼϥΠτʣͷ࣌ؒͷ͔͔Δॲཧ
Λද͍ͯ͠Δɽ
32
秋口忠三
ਤ9
A-P ઀ଓͷಉ‫ظ‬ɾඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴
ਤ 11
ಉҰϚγϯ্Ͱͷ ping ੑೳ
ද 9 ֤छ઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶʹ͓͚Δ ping ੑೳͷઢ‫ܗ‬ճ‫ؼ‬ύϥϝʔλ
ਤ 10
7.2.
C-S ઀ଓͷಉ‫ظ‬ɾඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴
ϝοηʔδૹड৴ͷ‫ج‬ຊੑೳͷଌఆ
ping ͸࣌ࠁͷࠁҹҎ֎ͷॲཧΛߦ͍ͬͯͳ͍ܰྔͷϓϩ
τίϧͰ͋Γɼ௨৴ͷ‫ૅج‬σʔλͱͯ͠ଞͷσʔλͷධՁ
ʹ͔ܽͤͳ͍ ∗1 ɽଌఆ͸ 4 ୆ͷͦΕͧΕಛੑͷҟͳΔϚγ
ϯʹ 10000 ճͷ ping Λ࣮ߦ͠ɼ1000 ճຖʹ‫ܦ‬ա࣌ؒΛ‫ه‬
࿥ͨ͠ɽ
ਤ 11 ͸ 1 ୆ͷϚγϯ্Ͱ࣮ߦͨ͠ ping ੑೳͷଌఆ݁Ռ
Λࣔ͢ɽ͜ͷάϥϑͷ 4 ຊͷઢ͸ͦΕͧΕ A-P ઀ଓͱ C-S
઀ଓͰͷಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ (/ping) ͱඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ (!ping) ͷੑೳΛද
͢ɽ10000 ճͷ ping ʹཁͨ͠ඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴͸ A-P ઀ଓͰ໿
1.6 ඵɼC-S ઀ଓͰ໿ 1.9 ඵɼಉ‫ظ‬௨৴͸ A-P ઀ଓͰ໿ 3.7
ඵɼC-S ઀ଓͰ໿ 5.6 ඵͰ͋ͬͨɽ͍ͣΕͷ௨৴‫ܗ‬ଶͰ΋
1 ϛϦඵ/ping ະຬͰ͋Δɽଌఆͷ݁Ռ͸༧૝௨Γ̍࣍ઢ‫ܗ‬
ճ‫ؼ‬ύϥϝʔλͰද‫͖ͨͰݱ‬ɽ
ಉ༷ͷଌఆΛҟͳΔϚγϯؒͰ༗ઢ LAN ͱແઢ LAN ͷ
৔߹ʹ͍࣮ͭͯࢪͨ͠ɽԿΕͷ݁Ռ΋ϚγϯಛੑʹΑͬͯ
ࠩ͸͋Δ΋ͷͷ΄΅ಉ͡܏޲ͷ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕΒɽͨͩ͠ແ
ઢ LAN ͷಉ‫ظ‬௨৴Ͱ͸ϝοηʔδͷܽམʹΑΔ QUERY
ͷ௨͠൪߸ (@query seq) ͷͣΕ͕ੜ͡ 10000 ݅ͷଌఆʹ
଱͑ΒΕͳ͔ͬͨͷͰ 1000 ݅ͰͷଌఆΛߦͬͨɽ͜ͷଌ
ఆ݁Ռ͔Β‫ٻ‬Ίͨઢ‫ܗ‬ճ‫ؼ‬ύϥϝʔλΛද 9 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
∗1
LAN ઀ଓ͞ΕͨϚγϯؒͰͷ ping ੑೳ͸ඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴Ͱ
͸ಉҰϚγϯؒͰͷੑೳͱൺֱͯ͠ಉ౳Ҏ্Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕
֬ೝͰ͖ͨ (ද 9-c ͱ d)ɽಉ‫ظ‬௨৴Ͱ͸૬खଆͷϚγϯͷ
ੑೳʹґଘ͢Δ͕ಉ౳ੑೳͷϚγϯͰ͸̎ഒະຬ (ද 9-b ର
c)ɼੑೳͷྼΔϚγϯͰ΋̏ഒະຬ (ද 9-b ର d) ͷ࣌ؒͰ࣮
ߦͰ͖ͨɽແઢ LAN(130Mbps) Ͱ͸ɼ༗ઢ LAN(1Gbps)
ͷ৔߹ͱൺֱͯ͠ඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴Ͱ໿ 3 ഒɼಉ‫ظ‬௨৴Ͱ͸ 5ʙ6
ഒͷ࣌ؒΛཁͨ͠ (ද 9-d ର e)ɽC-S ઀ଓͷಉ‫ظ‬௨৴Ͱ͸
4.8msec/ping ͷੑೳͰ͋ͬͨ (ද 9-e)ɽ
7.3. ௨৴ੑೳͱඳըੑೳͷ૬ରൺֱ
NSBroker ͕ର৅ͱ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯྖҬ͸ɼΠϯ
λʔωοτ্Ͱߴ౓ͳର࿩ੑΛ΋ͬͨάϧʔϓ‫׆‬ಈΛࢧԉ
͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋Δɽշదͳର࿩ੑΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δͨ
Ίʹ͸௨৴ੑೳͱඳըੑೳͷόϥϯεΛߟ͑ͨઃ‫͕ܭ‬ඞཁ
Ͱ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱ‫ج‬ຊతͳ௨৴ੑೳͱඳըੑೳͷσʔλΛಘ
ΔͨΊʹɼSierpinsky curve Λ canvas μΠΞϩάΛ࢖ͬ
ͯ࡞ը͢ΔϓϩάϥϜΛ࡞੒͠ඳըੑೳΛଌఆͨ͠ ∗2 ɽ
A-P ઀ଓͱ C-S ઀ଓʹ͍ͭͯ QA ํࣜ (ಉ‫ظ‬௨৴) ͱ NOTIFY ํࣜ (ඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴) ͰͷඳըΛ਺୆ͷϚγϯͰ࣮ߦ͠
ͨɽ֤छ৚݅Ͱͷඳը࣌ؒͷଌఆ݁ՌΛද 10 ʹࣔ͢ɽද
ping ʹ͓͚Δ࣌ࠁͷࠁҹʹ͸ 0.1msec/ping ऑͷίετ͕͔͔Γ௨৴ίετΑΓߴ͔ͬͨɽ௨৴ͷίετ͸͜ͷ 2/3 ఔ౓Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ
Sierpinsky curve ͸࠶‫ؼ‬తʹఆٛ͞ΕͨϑϥΫλϧਤ‫ܗ‬ͷҰछͰ͋ΓɼWaclaw Sierpinski ʹΑͬͯൃ‫͞ݟ‬Εͨɽดͨ͡ઢ෼ͰۭؒΛ
Ұ༷ʹຒΊਚ͘͢ੑ࣭Λ΋͓ͬͯΓɼඳըͷঢ়‫گ‬Λࢹ֮ԽͰ͖ΔͷͰɼඳըੑೳΛ௚‫؍‬తʹཧղ͢Δͷʹ໾ʹཱͭɽn=1 Ͱ 4 ຊɼn=2 Ͱ
16 ຊɼn=3 Ͱ 64 ຊͷ࿈ଓ͢Δઢ෼Ͱดͨ͡‫ۂ‬ઢ͕ඳը͞ΕΔɽඳըੑೳͷଌఆͰ͸ɼn=1..7 ·Ͱͷ 7 ͭͷ‫ۂ‬ઢΛ৭Λม͑ͯॏͶͯඳը
͠ɼ߹‫ ܭ‬21,844 ຊͷઢ෼ͷඳը࣌ؒΛଌఆͨ͠ɽ
∗2
NSBroker: インターネット上での対話型通信基盤
10 ͷ਺஋͸ઢ෼͋ͨΓͷඳը࣌ؒ (୯ҐϛϦඵ) Ͱ͋Δɽଌ
ఆͰදࣔͨ͠ Sierpinsky curve શମͷඳը࣌ؒ͸ 1 ඵऑ
͔Β਺ेඵͰ͋ͬͨɽ
ද 10
ද 11
33
֤छ઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶɾ௨৴‫͚͓ʹࣜܗ‬Δ ftp ੑೳ
canvas μΠΞϩάͷඳըੑೳ
ά ϥ ϑΟοΫ ε Ξ Ϋ η ϥ Ϩ ʔ λ Λ ౥ ࡌ ͠ ͨ Ϛ γ
ϯ (PC120221 ͱ notePC) Ͱ ͸ ઢ ෼ ͷ ඳ ը ί ε τ ͸
0.03msec/line ఔ౓Ͱ͋Γϓϩηεؒ௨৴ͷίετΑΓ
΋௿͍ɽҰํάϥϑΟοΫεΞΫηϥϨʔλΛ౥ࡌ͍ͯ͠
ͳ͍Ϛγϯ (PC110308) Ͱ͸ 0.7msec/line ఔ౓Ͱ͋Γϓ
ϩηεؒ௨৴ͷίετΑΓ΋͸Δ͔ʹߴ͘ɼ༗ઢ LAN ͷ
ಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ͷίετͱಉఔ౓Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ
ແઢ LAN Λ༻͍ͨ৔߹ɼඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴Ͱͷඳըੑೳ͸ͦ
Ε΄Ͳѱ͘ͳ͍͕ɼ௨৴ঢ়‫ʹگ‬Αͬͯ͸௨৴ʹ͔ͳΓͷ஗
Ԇ͕ΈΒΕͨɽͦͷͨΊಉ‫ظ‬௨৴Ͱ͸ invoke ‫ͼݺ‬ग़͠ͷ
λΠϜΞ΢τʹΑͬͯ௨৴͕தஅ͠ෆ҆ఆͳಈ࡞ʹͳΔ͜
ͱ͕ଟ͔ͬͨɽಉ‫ͼݺظ‬ग़͠Λར༻͢Δࡍ͸λΠϜΞ΢τ
΍ಉ‫ظ‬ෆશʹΑΔো֐͔ΒͷϦΧόϦʔॲཧ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ
canvas μΠΞϩάΛ༻͍ͨඳըͷςετ͸ෆ҆ఆͳ௨৴ঢ়
ଶΛࢹ֮Խ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷੑೳͱ৴
པੑͷվળ΁ͷώϯτ͕ಘΒΕΔ͜ͱΛࠓճͷੑೳଌఆͷ
தͰ࣮‫ͨ͠ײ‬ɽ͜͜ʹࣔͨ͠σʔλ͸ର࿩ੑͷߴ͍ΞϓϦ
έʔγϣϯΛ։ൃ͢Δࡍͷ‫ૅج‬σʔλͱͯ͠༗༻Ͱ͋Δߟ
͑ΒΕΔɽ
7.4. େ༰ྔσʔλͷૹड৴ੑೳͷධՁ
ୈ 4.5.3. અͰड़΂ͨΑ͏ʹɼNSBroker Ͱ͸ૹ৴͢Δ
σʔλίϯςϯπΛςΩετϑΝΠϧͱόΠφϦϑΝΠϧ
ʹ෼͚ɼը૾σʔλΛ‫ؚ‬ΉόΠφϦσʔλʹ͍ͭͯ͸ૹ৴
࣌ʹ Base64 ͰςΩετ‫ʹࣜܗ‬Τϯίʔυ͠ɼड৴࣌ʹ‫ݩ‬
ͷόΠφϦσʔλʹͰίʔυ͍ͯ͠Δɽେ༰ྔσʔλͷૹ
ड৴ͷੑೳධՁͰ͸ɼ1M όΠτ͔Β 128M όΠτ·Ͱͷ
ϑΝΠϧΛςΩετ/όΠφϦɼಉ‫ظ‬/ඇಉ‫ظ‬ɼA-P ઀ଓ/C-S
઀ଓɼಉҰϚγϯ಺/LAN ઀ଓͷ֤छ৚݅ͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤͰ
ૹड৴Λߦ͍ॴཁ࣌ؒΛଌఆͨ͠ɽμΠΞϩάͷ 5 ͭͷϝ
ιου (4.3.4. અ) ͷ࣮ߦͷ։࢝࣌ࠁͱऴྃ࣌ࠁΛϩάʹग़
ྗ͠ෳ਺ͷ௨৴ओମ͕ཁͨ͠ॲཧ࣌ؒΛଌఆͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ
ͨ͠ɽ
ଌఆ͸ ftp μΠΞϩάΛ rash ϦϞʔτγΣϧ (6.2. અ)
ͷεΫϦϓτͱͯ͠όονతʹ࣮ߦ͠ɼग़ྗͷ݁Ռͷϩά
ΛεΫϦϓτͰղੳͨ͠ɽ֤छ৚݅ͰͷଌఆΛҰ୆ͷϚγ
ϯͱ LAN ઀ଓ͞Εͨ 2 ୆ͷϚγϯͰ໾ׂΛม࣮͑ͯࢪ͠
ͨɽ౰વͳ͕Βॴཁ࣌ؒ͸ϑΝΠϧ༰ྔʹൺྫ͢Δ݁Ռ͕
ಘΒΕͨɽ͜ΕΒͷଌఆͷ݁Ռ͔ΒಘΒΕͨઢ‫ܗ‬ճ‫ؼ‬ύϥ
ϝʔλΛද 11 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
਺ MB Ҏ্ͷେ༰ྔσʔλʹରͯ͠͸Ќ 0(༰ྔθϩͷ৔
߹ͷૹ৴࣌ؒ) ͸ແࢹͰ͖Δ஋Ͱ͋ΔɽЌ 1 ͸୯Ґ༰ྔ౰Γ
ͷૹड৴࣌ؒͰ͋Δɽද 11-a) ʹΑΔͱɼςΩετϑΝΠ
ϧΛಉҰϚγϯ্ɾA-P ઀ଓɾඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ (!ftp) ͷ৚݅Ͱ
ߦ͏৔߹Ͱ 100MB ౰Γ 3 ඵ͔͔ΔɽόΠφϦϑΝΠϧͷ
৔߹͸͜Ε͕ 7.2 ඵͱͳΔɽ͜ͷࠩͷ 4.2 ඵ͕ Base64 Ͱ
ͷΤϯίʔυɾσίʔυ࣌ؒͱૹड৴͢Δσʔλ༰ྔͷ૿
Ճ (4/3 ‫ʹ )ڧ‬ΑΔ΋ͷͰ͋Δɽͳ͓ಉ͡ϚγϯͰ cat ίϚ
ϯυΛ࢖ͬͯಉ͡༰ྔͷςΩετϑΝΠϧΛίϐʔͨ͠৔
߹ 20 ඵఔ౓ͷ͕͔͔࣌ؒͬͨɽftp μΠΞϩάʹΑΔϑΝ
Πϧૹड৴͸ cat ίϚϯυΑΓ΋͸Δ͔ʹߴ଎Ͱ͋Δɽ
ද 11-b) ͷӈଆͷઢ‫ܗ‬ճ‫ؼ‬ύϥϝʔλΛಋ͖ग़ͨ͠άϥ
ϑΛਤ 12 ʹࣔ͢ɽ͜Ε͸όΠφϦϑΝΠϧΛ PC110204 ͔
Β notePC ΁ૹड৴ͨ͠ଌఆ݁ՌͷৄࡉΛද͢΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
ਤ 12
ftp μΠΞϩάʹΑΔϑΝΠϧૹ৴ੑೳͷྫ
Ҏ্ͷଌఆ݁Ռ͔ΒҎԼͷ܏޲Λ֬ೝͰ͖Δɽ
• ಉ‫ظ‬௨৴ͱඇಉ‫ظ‬௨৴͸େ༰ྔσʔλͷૹड৴ʹؔ
ͯ͠༗ҙͳੑೳࠩ͸ͳ͍ɽ
• ௨৴ίετ͕ϑΝΠϧ IO ίετͱൺֱͯ͠খ͍͞
(ߴ଎௨৴ͷ) ৔߹͸ɼC-S ઀ଓ͸ A-P ઀ଓͷ΄΄ഒ
ͷ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔɽ௨৴ίετ͕૬ରతʹେ͖͘ͳΔ
ͱશମͷૹड৴࣌ؒ͸௕͘ͳΔ͕྆ऀͷੑೳࠩ͸খ
͘͞ͳΔɽ
34
秋口忠三
• CPU ෛՙ΍ϑΝΠϧ IO ෛՙͷେ͖͍ॲཧ͸ෳ਺Ϛ
γϯʹॲཧΛ෼ࢄͤ͞Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼ௨৴ίετΑ
Γ΋෼ࢄʹΑΔॲཧͷฒྻԽͷޮՌ͕‫ظ‬଴Ͱ͖ɼҰ୆
ͷϚγϯͰॲཧ͢ΔΑΓ΋ߴ଎ԽͰ͖Δ৔߹͕͋Δɽ
Ҏ্ͷ஌‫ݟ‬͸໨৽͍͜͠ͱͰ͸ͳ͍͕ɼఆྔతʹͦͷఔ
౓Λ೺ѲͰ͖ΔͷͰ૒ํ޲௨৴ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛઃ‫͢ܭ‬
Δࡍʹ༗ӹͳ৘ใͱͳΔͩΖ͏ɽ
7.5. Ξχϝʔγϣϯը૾ͷૹड৴ͱදࣔ
ୈ 6.1. અͰ঺հͨ͠ QuickChat ʹ͸Ξχϝʔγϣϯը
૾Λ഑৴͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳ͕͋Δɽ͜ͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛ࢖ͬͯ 7 ສըૉ͔Β
20 ສըૉͷ JPEG ը૾Λຖඵ 5ʙ30 ϑϨʔϜ (fps) ఔ౓
Ͱ௕࣌ؒ഑৴ͨ͠ࡍͷಈ࡞ͷ҆ఆੑΛ‫ͨ͠࡯؍‬ɽ
1 ͭͷ QuickChat αʔόͱ 3 ͭͷ QuickChat ΫϥΠΞ
ϯτΛ༗ઢ LAN(1Gbps) Ͱ઀ଓ͞Εͨ 3 ୆ͷϚγϯͰՔ
ಇ͠ɼΞχϝʔγϣϯը૾ͷҰํ޲ͷ௕࣌ؒ഑৴Λߦͬͨɽ
20 ສըૉͷ JPEG ը૾ (໿ 40KB) Λ 30fps Ͱ 2 ࣌ؒఔ౓
࣮ߦ͕ͨ͠ɼಛʹҟৗ͸‫ݟ‬ΒΕͣಈ࡞͸҆ఆ͍ͯͨ͠ɽ
QuickChat ͷը૾഑৴͸ಛผͳ഑৴੍‫ޚ‬Λߦ͍ͬͯͳ
͍ɽैͬͯෳ਺ͷ௨৴ओମ͕Ξχϝʔγϣϯը૾ͷಉ࣌഑
৴Λ࢝ΊΔͱϝοηʔδͷࠞ৴͕ൃੜ͠ɼ࠷ѱͷ৔߹αʔ
όʔɾΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ϑϦʔζ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅͕ൃੜͨ͠ɽ1 ͭ
ͷ QuickChat αʔόͱ 1 ͭͷ QuickChat ΫϥΠΞϯτͰ
૒ํ޲ʹ഑৴͢Δ৔߹͸ 20 ສըૉ 24fps Ͱ΋ൺֱత҆ఆ
ͨ͠ಈ࡞Λ͍͕ͯͨ͠ɼ͜ΕʹΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ 1 ͭ௥Ճ͞
ΕΔͱϝοηʔδͷࠞ৴͕ଟൃ͠ϑϦʔζͨ͠ɽ௥ՃΫϥ
ΠΞϯτΛऴྃͤ͞ΔͱϑϦʔζ͸ղফͨ͠ɽ5ftp ఔ౓ͷ
഑৴Ͱ͋Ε͹ 3 ୆ͷϚγϯͰՔಇͤͨ͞ 1 αʔόɾ2 Ϋϥ
ΠΞϯτ͕ൺֱత҆ఆͯ͠ಈ࡞͢Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ͜
Ε͸ 5fps Ͱ‫ࣸإ‬ਅΛૹ৴͋͠͏γϯϓϧͳఞஊγεςϜΛ
QuickChat Λϕʔεʹ։ൃͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛࣔࠦ͢Δ΋ͷͰ͋
Δɽ͔҆͠͠ఆͨ͠γεςϜΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊʹ͸ΞϓϦέʔ
γϣϯͱͯ͠Ξχϝʔγϣϯը૾Λࠞ৴ͳ͘഑৴͢ΔϝΧ
χζϜ͕ඞཁ͕͋Δɽ
7.6. ੑೳධՁ
Ҏ্ड़΂͖ͯͨఆྔతͳධՁʹՃ͑ͯɼQuickChat ͷը
૾ͷ‫ڠ‬ಉฤू‫ػ‬ೳͱ UML ΫϥεਤΤσΟλͷ‫ڠ‬ௐฤूπʔ
ϧ CoDE ͷૢ࡞‫ײ‬Λใࠂ͢ΔɽQuickChat ͷը૾ͷ‫ڠ‬ಉ
ฤू‫ػ‬ೳΛɼલઅͰͷ΂ͨఞஊ‫ࣜܗ‬ͷ 3 ऀؒΞχϝʔγϣ
ϯը૾഑৴Λߦ͍ͬͯΔঢ়‫Ͱگ‬ઢըͷ௥‫ه‬ฤूΛߦͬͯΈ
ͨɽϖϯͷಈ͖͸΄ͱΜͲ஗Ԇ͢Δ͜ͱͳ͘ 3 ୆ͷϚγϯ
ؒͰ‫؍‬ଌͰ͖ͨɽ͋ΔϚγϯͷϚ΢εΛ࢖ͬͯผͷϚγϯ
্ͷը૾Λ‫͕ͳݟ‬ΒઢըΛඳ͘͜ͱ΋ҧ࿨‫ͱ͜͏ߦ͏ͳײ‬
͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ͔ΒԠ౴ੑೳ͸‫ۃ‬Ίͯྑ޷Ͱ͋Δͱ͍
͑ΔɽΫϥεਤΤσΟλʹ͍ͭͯ΋΄΅ಉ༷ͷૢ࡞‫͕ײ‬ಘ
ΒΕͨɽ
NSBroker ͕ର৅ͱ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯྖҬ͸ɼΠϯ
λʔωοτ্Ͱߴ౓ͳର࿩ੑΛ΋ͬͨάϧʔϓ‫׆‬ಈΛࢧԉ
͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊʹઃ‫Ͱܭ‬͸ର࿩ੑ
ΛଛͳΘͳ͍ϝοηʔδૹड৴ͷੑೳΛॏࢹͨ͠ɽ·ͨԕ
ִձٞͰͷΧϝϥը૾ͷަ‫׵‬΋ѻ͑ΔϨϕϧͷੑೳΛ໨ࢦ
ͨ͠ɽ৴པੑʹؔͯ͠͸ߴ౓ͳϨϕϧΛ௥‫͍ͳ͍ͯ͠ٻ‬ɽ͋
Δఔ౓ͷσʔλͷܽམ͸ӡ༻ϨϕϧͰରॲ͢Δ΄͏͕࣮༻
తͰ͋Δͱߟ͔͑ͨΒͰ͋Δɽ
Ҏ্ͷ‫͔఺؍‬Βɼߴ౓ͳର࿩ੑΛ΋ͬͨΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯΛΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱߏங͢ΔͨΊͷ‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥϦͱ
ͯ͠े෼ͳੑೳͱ৴པੑΛඋ͍͑ͯΔͱධՁͰ͖Δɽ
8.
ࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ՝୊
8.1. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃࢧԉ‫ػ‬ೳͷ‫ڧ‬Խ
άϧʔϓͰͷ࣮࣌ؒ૒ํ޲௨৴Λѻ͏ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ޲্ͷͨΊʹɼ‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥϦͷ֦ுੑͷ޲
্΍‫ػ‬ೳ‫ڧ‬Խɼ։ൃࢧԉπʔϧ΍։ൃ‫ڥ؀‬ͷ੔උʹؔͯ͠
ҎԼͷ՝୊͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
1. NSBroker ͷίΞ෦෼ͷ֦ுੑ
ΫϥΠΞϯτɾαʔό‫ܕ‬ͷ઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶ͸ NSBroker Ͱ͸
Proxy ʹΑ࣮ͬͯ‫͞ݱ‬Ε͓ͯΓɼ઀ଓαʔϏεͷ࢓༷
͸ Proxy ͷ࣮૷ʹ૊Έࠐ·Ε͍ͯΔɽୈ 4.4.2. અͰ
ड़΂ͨΑ͏ʹ NSBroker ͷ ProxyFactory ͕ Proxy
ͷΠϯελϯεΛੜ੒͢ΔɽProxyFactory ࣗ਎Λ֦
ு͠ɼ৽͍͠઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶΛαϙʔτ͢Δ Proxy (ServerProxy ͱ ClientProxy) ͷੜ੒‫ػ‬ೳΛ૊ΈࠐΉ͜ͱʹ
Αͬͯɼ৽͍͠઀ଓαʔϏεͷ࣮‫͕ݱ‬ՄೳͰ͋Δͱ
ߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ͔͠͠σϑΥϧτͷ઀ଓαʔϏεҎ֎
ʹ͜ͷ֦ுੑͷద༻ྫ͸ͳ͍ɽ͜ͷ֦ுੑͷ࣮ূ͕
1 ͭͷ՝୊ͱͳΔɽ
2. ΠϯλϑΣʔεఆٛ‫ޠݴ‬
ୈ 5.3. અͰड़΂ͨ௨ΓɼNSBroker ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯ։ൃͰ͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯಠࣗͷαʔϏεʹର͠
ͯμΠΞϩάΫϥεͷ࡞੒͕ඞཁͰ͋ΔɽμΠΞϩ
άΫϥεͷ࣮૷ͷ͔ͳΓͷ෦෼͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
Ϋϥεͷϝιου‫ݺ‬ग़͠ͱ NSBroker ͷϝοηʔδ
‫ࣜܗ‬ͷม‫ॲ׵‬ཧͰ͋Γɼൺֱత؆୯ͳม‫ن׵‬ଇͰࣗ
ಈԽͰ͖ΔɽCORBA ͷ IDL ͱಉ༷ͷΠϯλϑΣʔ
εఆٛ‫ޠݴ‬Λઃ‫͠ܭ‬ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΫϥεͷ࢓༷
ΛμΠΞϩάΫϥεʹม‫͢׵‬ΔτϥϯεϨʔλΛఏ
‫͢ڙ‬Ε͹ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃͷੜ࢈ੑ͕େ͖͘վ
ળͰ͖Δɽ
3. ςετͱσόοάͷࢧԉ
ෳ਺ͷ௨৴ओମ͔ΒͳΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷςετͱ
σόοά͸ɼςετ‫ڥ؀‬ͷߏஙͱ݁Ռͷ֬ೝͰ։ൃऀ
ʹେ͖ͳෛ୲Λ͔͚ΔɽNSBroker Ͱ͸௨৴ίΞ෦
෼ͷ։ൃͷաఔͰςετ࡞‫ۀ‬Λޮ཰Խ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓૊
ΈΛ࡞ΓࠐΜͰ͖ͨɽୈ 6. અͰ঺հͨ͠ QuickChat
ͱ rash ͸ɼ௨৴ίΞ෦෼ͷςετɾσόοάࢧԉ‫؀‬
‫ڥ‬ͷ໾ׂΛ୲͍ͬͯΔɽྫ͑͹ QuickChat ͷ GUI
ը໘্ʹ͸ૹड৴͞ΕΔϝοηʔδΛબ୒తʹදࣔ
͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳ͕͋Δɽ֤௨৴ओମ͕ͦΕͧΕͷ GUI ը໘
Λ΋ͪɼ૬‫ޓ‬ͷϝοηʔδަ‫׵‬ͷϑϩʔΛ໨ࢹͰ͖
ΔͷͰɼಈ࡞֬ೝͱσόοάͷޮ཰Խʹ໾ʹͨͬͨɽ
rash ͸μΠΞϩάΫϥεͷςετΛߦ͏ࡍʹɼίϚ
ϯυϥΠϯ͔Βͷର࿩తͳςετͱεΫϦϓτԽ͠
ͨςετʹΑΔόονςετʹҖྗΛൃ‫ͨ͠ش‬ɽ͜
ͷ࢓૊Έ͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷςετͱσόοάʹ
΋ར༻Ͱ͖Δ͕͞Βʹվળ͍ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕͋Δɽྫ
͑͹ɼෳ਺ͷ௨৴ओମؒͷϝοηʔδϑϩʔͷ௥੻
Λ༰қʹ͢ΔͨΊʹϝοηʔδϩά͔Βγʔέϯε
ਤΛࣗಈੜ੒͢ΔπʔϧͳͲ͕๬·ΕΔɽ
4. ੑೳଌఆ
ୈ 7. અͰࣔͨ͠ੑೳධՁͷσʔλΛಘΔͨΊʹɼ௨
৴ίΞ෦෼ʹରͯ࣌ؒ͠ଌఆͷ࢓૊ΈΛ࡞ΓࠐΜͩɽ
ྫ͑͹ɼϝοηʔδૹड৴ͷ࣌ࠁΛλΠϜελϯϓ
ͱͯ͠ϝοηʔδʹఴ෇͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳɼෳ਺ͷϚγϯؒ
ͰλΠϚʔ࣌ࠁΛಉ‫ظ‬Խ͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳͳͲͰ͋Δɽ·ͨ
ϩάΛղੳ͠ੑೳσʔλΛू‫͢ܭ‬ΔͨΊʹ͍͔ͭ͘
ͷεΫϦϓτΛ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃͰ
΋͜ΕΒͷੑೳଌఆͷ࢓૊Έ΍πʔϧ͸ར༻Ͱ͖Δ
͕͞Βʹվળ͍ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕͋Δɽ
NSBroker: インターネット上での対話型通信基盤
8.2. ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ
NSBroker ͷ઀ଓαʔϏεΛड͚ΔͨΊʹ ID ͱύεϫʔ
υʹΑΔΞΧ΢ϯτͷ؅ཧΛߦ͍ͬͯΔ͕ɼηΩϡϦςΟ
ରࡦ͸‫ݱ‬ঢ়Ͱ͸શ͘ߨ͍ͯ͡ͳ͍ɽՄಡੑͷߴ͍ϝοηʔ
δ͸ୈࡾऀʹ‫͑ݟؙ‬ͷঢ়ଶͰ͋ΓɼΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱಈ
࡞͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ։ൃ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ద੾ͳೝূख
ஈͱ҉߸Խͷ࢓૊ΈΛ‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥϦͱͯ͠ఏ‫Ͱ͖΂͢ڙ‬
͋Δɽ
NSBroker ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸؆ܿͰ͋Γɼ઀ଓαʔϏ
εͷड෇ॲཧ΍ϝοηʔδͷૹड৴ͷϙΠϯτ͸୯ҰԽ͞
Ε͍ͯΔɽ։ൃͱӡ༻ͷརศੑΛߟྀͯ͠ηΩϡϦςΟؔ
࿈ίϯϙʔωϯτΛಈతʹ͔ͭબ୒తʹ૊ΈࠐΉ࢓૊ΈΛ
ߟҊ͢Δ͜ͱ͸‫ڵ‬ຯਂ͍։ൃ՝୊Ͱ͋Δɽ
8.3. ֤छ‫ܗ‬ଶͷωοτϫʔΫαʔϏεͷ࣮ূ࣮‫ݧ‬
NSBroker ͷ௨৴Ϟσϧ͸ 1 αʔόɾෳ਺ΫϥΠΞϯτ
ʹΑΔάϧʔϓͰͷ૒ํ޲௨৴Λ‫ج‬ຊͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͔͠͠
௨৴ͷ૬खଆ͸ૹ৴ଆ͕ ProxyID ͰࢦఆͰ͖ΔͷͰɼΑ
Γॊೈͳ઀ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶΛ࣮‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δɽྫ͑͹ 1 ͭͷ௨৴ओମ͕
αʔϏεͷఏ‫͋Ͱऀڙ‬Γ͔ͭαʔϏεͷར༻ऀʹ΋ͳΔ઀
ଓ‫ܗ‬ଶ΋ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ৽͍͠ωοτϫʔΫαʔϏεͷΞΠ
σΞͷϓϩτλΠϓΛ࡞੒࣮͠ূ࣮‫͢ݧ‬ΔͨΊͷ‫ج‬൫ͱ͠
ͯ NSBroker ͸࠷దͰ͋Δͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ
9. ͓ΘΓʹ
άϧʔϓͰͷ࣮࣌ؒ૒ํ޲௨৴Λߦ͏ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
։ൃͷࢧԉΛ໨తͱͨ͠؆қͳ‫ج‬൫ιϑτ΢ΣΞͱͯ͠ NSBroker Λ։ൃͨ͠ɽຊ࿦จͰ͸ɼNSBroker ͷ։ൃͷഎ‫ܠ‬
ͱ໨తɼઃ‫ํܭ‬਑ɼάϧʔϓͰͷ૒ํ޲௨৴ͷϞσϧɼΞʔ
ΩςΫνϟɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃϓϩηεɼద༻ࣄྫɼ༗
ޮੑͷධՁɼࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ՝୊ʹ͍ͭͯใࠂͨ͠ɽ
NSBroker ͷ։ൃͰ͸ɼάϧʔϓͰͷ࣮࣌ؒ૒ํ޲௨৴
ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛϓϩτλΠϐϯά‫Ͱ֮ײ‬ΞΠσΞϨ
ϕϧ͔Β୹࣌ؒͰՔಇ͢ΔϓϩάϥϜΛ։ൃͰ͖Δ‫ج‬൫ϥ
ΠϒϥϦͷ࣮‫ݱ‬Λ໨ࢦͨ͠ɽ಺෦ߏ଄ΛͰ͖Δ͚ͩཧղ͠
΍͘͢͢ΔͨΊʹɼઃ‫૷࣮ͱܭ‬ΛͰ͖Δ͚ͩ୯७ʹ͢Δ͜
ͱʹ౒ྗΛूதͨ͠ɽଟ͘ͷ௨৴‫ج‬൫ϥΠϒϥϦʹΈΒΕ
ΔଟॏͷϓϩτίϧελοΫΛഉ͠ɼϓϨΠϯͳςΩετ
ϕʔεͰϓϩτίϧͷ࣮‫جݱ‬൫Λઃ‫ͨ͠ܭ‬ɽͦͷ݁Ռඇৗ
ʹίϯύΫτͳπʔϧʹ࢓্͕ͬͨͱߟ͍͑ͯΔɽ
ใࠂͷ࠷‫ʹޙ‬ɼNSBroker શମͷ։ൃ‫ن‬໛Λ঺հ͢Δ ∗1 ɽ
ද 12 ʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼ։ൃͨ͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞ͸ඇৗʹখ͞
ͳ΋ͷͰ͋ΔɽNSBroker ͸શମͰ 6 ͭͷύοέʔδͰߏ
੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ૒ํ޲௨৴Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊͷίΞ෦ͷύο
έʔδ broker.core ͷαΠζ͸ 28 ϑΝΠϧ 2.48KLOC ఔ
౓ɼ શମͰ 69 ϑΝΠϧ 6.48KLOC ͷ‫ن‬໛ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ
͜ͷதͰ app.mandel ͱ broker.image ͷ 1.18KLOC ͸΄
΅मਖ਼ͳ͘࠶ར༻ͨ͠ίʔυͰ͋Δɽ֓೦Ϩϕϧઃ‫ܭ‬Ҏ߱
ͷ։ൃ޻਺͸໿ 600H Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ
ද 12
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
∗1
ύοέʔδ໊
app
app.mandel
broker.core
broker.gui
broker.image
broker.util
߹‫ܭ‬
NSBroker ͷ։ൃ‫ن‬໛
ߦ਺
1493
703
4821
1396
944
683
10040
LOC
1107
565
2481
1168
619
538
6478
ίϝϯτ
ϑΝΠϧ਺
212
81
1880
96
240
88
2597
18
4
28
8
8
3
69
35
ͳ͓ Ash ͷ Java ίʔυͷ‫ن‬໛͸ɼNSBroker Λআ͍ͯ
35 ύοέʔδɼ288 ϑΝΠϧɼ29.9KLOC ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ
ࠓ‫ޙ‬͸ɼAsh ‫Ͱڥ؀‬άϧʔϓʹΑΔιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛࢧ
ԉ͢Δ‫ڠ‬ௐ࡞‫ࢧۀ‬ԉͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ΁ͷద༻Λਤ
Γɼ࣮༻ੑͷ޲্ʹ౒Ί͍ͨɽ
ँࣙ
࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶͷ 2011 ೥౓मྃੜͷ౹ࠃ෱͞Μ͸ɼ
2011 ೥౓ͷ PBL ‫ڭ‬ҭͷதͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃͷ՝୊ͱ͠
ͯ UML ΫϥεਤΤσΟλͷ‫ڠ‬ௐฤू‫ػ‬ೳ CoDE ͷ։ൃ
Λ୲౰͕ͨ͠ɼ͜ͷ։ൃʹ NSBroker Λద༻͠ NSBroker
ͷ༗ޮੑΛ࣮ূͯ͘͠ΕͨɽCoDE ͷ NSBroker ར༻෦ͷ
ίʔυΛ෼ੳ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼNSBroker ͷΞʔΩςΫ
νϟͷվྑͱ API ͷվળͷͨΊʹ༗ӹͳώϯτ͕ಘΒΕɼ
NSBroker ͷશମͷվળʹͭͳ͕ͬͨɽ౹ࠃ෱͞Μͷߩ‫ݙ‬
ʹ‫͢ँײ‬Δɽ
ࢀߟจ‫ݙ‬
[1] ळ‫ޱ‬஧ࡾ, “‫ڭ‬ҭ༻ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ‫جڥ؀‬൫ͷࢼ࡞,”
࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ‫ل‬ཁ, Vol. 1, pp. 111–119, 2007.
[2] ळ‫ޱ‬஧ࡾ, “ιϑτ΢ΣΞϓϩηεࢧԉ‫ڥ؀‬ͷࢼ࡞ͱධ
Ձ,” ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ‫ل‬ཁ, Vol. 3, pp. 1–12, 2010.
[3] ळ‫ޱ‬஧ࡾ, “Ash ϓϩάϥϛϯά‫͚͓ʹڥ؀‬Δ GUI ϥΠ
ϒϥϦͷઃ‫ͱܭ‬ධՁ,” ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ‫ل‬ཁ, Vol. 4,
pp. 1–12, 2010.
[4] ळ‫ޱ‬஧ࡾ, “EntityStore: ӬଓతͳΦϒδΣΫτ؅ཧ
ͷͨΊͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ,” ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ‫ل‬ཁ,
Vol. 5, pp. 1–14, 2011.
[5] Y. Kato, M. Narita and C. Akiguchi: “The Network
Service Platform for Real-World Data,” IEEE
WAINA2009, pp.55-60, 2009. 2008.
[6] ੒ాխ඙, ଜ઒լ඙, ২໦ඒ࿨, Ԭྛ‫ܡ‬थ, ळ‫ޱ‬஧ࡾ, ೔Ӝ
྄ଠ, ଂాӳ೭, Ճ౻༝Ֆ, “ΠϯλʔωοτΛ‫ͨ͠༻׆‬
ϩϘοταʔϏεͷ࣮‫ͱݱ‬։ൃΛࢧԉ͢Δ RSi(Robot
Service Initiative) ͷऔΓ૊Έ,” ೔ຊϩϘοτֶձࢽ,
Vol. 28, No. 7, 2010.
[7] ϩϘοταʔϏεΠχγΞνϒ: “Robot Service Network Protocol 2.0 ࢓༷ॻ,” 2008(9).
[8] ळ‫ޱ‬஧ࡾ, ੒ాխ඙, Ճ౻༝Ֆ, “RSNP ͷϩϘοτଆ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ‫ڥ؀‬,” ೔ຊϩϘοτֶձֶज़ߨ
ԋձ, 2009.
[9] M. Narita, Y. Murakawa, C. Akiguchi, Y. Kato
and T. Yamaguchi: “Push Communication for Network Robot Services and RSi/RTM Interoperability,” FUZZ-IEEE2009, 2009.
[10] I. Fette and A. Melnikov: “The WebSocket protocol,” 2011, http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455
[11] Ian Hickson:
“The WebSocket APT,” 2011,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-websockets20110929/.
[12] Object Management Group, “UML2.0 ࢓༷ॻ 2.1
ରԠ,” ΦʔϜࣾ, 2006.
ຊߘͰ͸ϓϩάϥϜͷ‫ن‬໛Λߦ਺Ͱද͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɼԿΕ΋ίϝϯτߦͱۭനߦΛ‫( ਺ߦ͍ͳ·ؚ‬LOC) Ͱ͋Δɽ
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.37－42 （2012） 〔論文〕
䝀䞊䝭䝣䜱䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻ᇶ䛵䛟㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᆺ䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚⣔ᢏ⾡ఏᢎ
WBL
⏣ ➃㻌 ⚽㻌 ㍤*㻌 䞉㻌 ᶫ ᮏ ὒ ᚿ**
WBL on Technical Transfer in MONODZUKURI with Present of
Achievement Based on Gamification
Hideki Tabata* and Hiroshi Hashimoto**
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel WBL for technical transfer based on gamification, which leads to
continuously learning with fun. In this WBL system, target selection at any time method and
sequential presentation of achievement method are used to derive the fun. And we report the
problems and the possibilities through experiments by applying the WBL system with the methods to
learners.
Keywords: technical transfer, gamification, WBL, target selection
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
2. ⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䜢ಁ䛩タィ
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻ᑐ䛧䛶⥅⥆䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦ពḧ䜢ᑟฟ䛩
䜛䛯䜑䠈WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮ᵓ⠏䛾タィᣦ㔪䛸䛧䛶䝀䞊䝭䝣䜱䜿䞊
䝅䝵䞁[1][2]䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䛂ᴦ䛧䛥䛃䜢ᑟฟ䜎䛯䛿⥅⥆䛥䛫䜛௙⤌
䜏䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾䛂ᴦ䛧䛥䛃䜢ᐇ⌧䛥䛫䜛 WBL 䜢ᵓ⠏䛥䛫䜛
䛯䜑䛾᪉ἲㄽ䛸䛧䛶䠈䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ䛃䛚䜘䜃䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘ
ᥦ♧䛃䛜᭷⏝䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖௬ㄝ䜢❧䛶䠈䛣䛾௬ㄝ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯
WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䠈䛭䛾᭷⏝ᛶ䜢♧䛩䠊
ᢏ⾡ఏ㐩䛾᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶䠈 WBL(Web Based Learning)䝅
䝇䝔䝮䛜䛒䜛䠊WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾䝯䝸䝑䝖䛸䛧䛶䠈ཷㅮ⪅䛾᫬㛫䞉
✵㛫䜢ၥ䜟䛪䛻Ꮫ⩦䜢㐍䜑䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈
䛭䛾䝯䝸䝑䝖ᨾ䛻Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬㌟䛾Ꮫ⩦ពḧ䛜㧗䛟䛺䛔䛸䠈⥅⥆䛧
䛯Ꮫ⩦䛜ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜⏕䛨䜛༴㝤ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䠊
䛭䛣䛷䠈ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻ᑐ䛧䛶⥅⥆䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦ពḧ
䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䛾タィᣦ㔪䛸䛧䛶䛂ᴦ䛧
䛥䛃䜢ᑟฟ䜎䛯䛿⥅⥆䛥䛫䜛௙⤌䜏䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾䛂ᴦ䛧䛥䛃
䜢ᐇ⌧䛥䛫䜛 WBL 䜢㛤Ⓨ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛾᪉ἲㄽ䛸䛧䛶䠈䛂㝶᫬
┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ䛃䛚䜘䜃䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧䛃䛜᭷⏝䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖௬
ㄝ䜢❧䛶䠈䛣䛾௬ㄝ䛻ᇶ䛵䛝䛂ᴦ䛧䛥䛃䜢ᑟฟ䞉⥅⥆䛥䛫䜛䛯
䜑䛻䛿䠈䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛃䛸䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛃䛜
㔜せ䛸⪃䛘䠈Ꮫ⩦ᑐ㇟䛻㐺ษ䛺ᐇ⌧䜢ᅗ䜛䠊
㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾᭷ຠᛶ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈䠄ᰴ䠅ி
὾ᕤᴗᡤ䛾⤒㦂ᖺᩘ䛜䠍ᖺ䛾ึᚰ⪅䛾♫ဨ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈䛣䛾
䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢⏝䛔䛯䝣䜱䞊䝹䝗ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈⇍⦎⪅䛸
䛾ẚ㍑䜢⾜䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䠈ᗄ䛴䛛䛾⯆࿡῝䛔⤖ᯝ䜢ᚓ䛯䛾䛷䛣
䜜䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊
2.1. ௚䛾 WEB 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛾ᕪ␗䛾⪃ᐹ
Received on September 25, 2012
*䠄ᰴ䠅ᴦᒇ䠈Gakuya Co., Ltd.
**⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠈⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䜢ಁ䛩䛸䛔䛖タ
ィせ௳䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈௚䛾䜲䞁䝍䝷䜽䝔䜱䝤䛺䝕䝆䝍䝹䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸
䛾ẚ㍑䛷⪃䛘䜛䠊
౛䛘䜀䠈㕲㐨㥐䛾⮬ືⓎๆᶵ䜔㖟⾜䛾 ATM 䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈
฼⏝⪅䛾➃ᮎ᧯స᫬㛫䛻ẚ౛䛧䛶䠈➃ᮎ䛻୪䜆⾜ิ䜒㛗䛟
䛺䜛䠊䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈฼⏝⪅䛜ồ䜑䜛䛂䜔䜚䛯䛔䛣䛸䛜䛩䛠䛷䛝䜛䛃
䛸䛔䛖㟂せ䛸Ⴀᴗ䛾ຠ⋡໬䛿䠈฼⏝⪅䛾➃ᮎ᧯స᫬㛫䛾▷
⦰䜢ᅗ䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷୍⮴䛩䜛䠊䛭䜜ᨾ䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺➃ᮎ䛻ồ䜑
䜙䜜䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾タィせ௳䛻䛿䠈䛂▐㛫ⓗ䛻᧯స䛜⌮ゎ䛷䛝
䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊
୍᪉䠈WEB ୖ䛾䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁䝅䝵䝑䝢䞁䜾䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䛚䛔䛶
䜒䠈฼⏝⪅䛾䝇䝖䝺䝇㍍ῶ䛾䛯䜑䠈䜂䛔䛶䛿䝴䞊䝄䛾㞳⬺⋡
䜢పῶ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛻䛂▐㛫ⓗ䛻᧯స䛜⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䛃
䛸䛔䛳䛯ᶵ⬟ᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮タィせ௳䛿Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䠊ྠ
᫬䛻䠈䝴䞊䝄䛻ᑐ䛧⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖タィせ௳
䜒ྠ᫬䛻ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊ゝ䛔᥮䛘䜜䜀䠈୍ᅇ䛒䛯䜚䛾฼⏝᫬㛫
䛾▷⦰䛸ᖹ⾜䛧䛶䠈䛂䜎䛯᮶䛯䛔䛃䛸ᛮ䜟䛫฼⏝ᅇᩘ䛾ቑຍ
䜢ಁ䛩䠈䛴䜎䜚⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䜢ಁ䛩ᶵ⬟タィ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊
IT 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䠈ᶵ⬟䜔ᛶ⬟䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛔䠈ఱᗘ䛷
䜒䜰䜽䝉䝇䛧䛯䛟䛺䜛䛂㢳ᐈ⤒㦂౯್䛃㔜せ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛
䛾䛷䛒䜛 [3]䠊
WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊䜐
䛧䜝䠈䝴䞊䝄䜒⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䜢ᮃ䜐䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䜸䞁䝷
䜲䞁䝅䝵䝑䝢䞁䜾䝅䝇䝔䝮䜘䜚䜒⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䜢ಁ䛩䠈䛸䛔䛖タ
ィせ௳䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿⥅⥆฼⏝䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈䝕䝆䝍䝹䝀䞊
䝮䛾タィᡭἲ䛻╔┠䛧䛯䠊䝕䝆䝍䝹䝀䞊䝮䛿⏕άᚲ㟂ရ䛷
䛿↓䛔䛜䠈䛭䜜䜖䛘䛻䠈䛭䛾Ⓨᒎ䛾㐣⛬䛷ே䚻䛻ᡭ䛻䛸䛳
38
橋本洋志
䛶䜒䜙䛖䛯䜑䛻䠈᧯స᪉ἲ䜢▐㛫ⓗ䛻ఏ䛘䜛䠈䛸䛔䛖ᕤኵ䜢䛧
䛶䛝䛯䠊ྠ᫬䛻䠈䝀䞊䝮㐍⾜䛾᫬㛫㍈䛻䛒䜟䛫䛶ᴦ䛧䛥䜢ឤ
䛨䛥䛫䜛௙᥃䛡䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻タィ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䝀䞊䝮䝥䝺
䜲䚸䛴䜎䜚ᴦ䛧䛥䛾⤒㦂䜢⥅⥆䛥䛫䜛ᡭἲ䠄䝀䞊䝮䝕䝄䜲䞁䠅
䜢☻䛔䛶䛝䛯 [4][5]䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈䛣䛾ᴦ䛧䛥䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛧䠈⥅⥆䛥
䛫䜛䝀䞊䝮䛾ᡭἲ䜢䠈WBL 䛾⥅⥆฼⏝䛻ᛂ⏝䛩䜛䠊
2.2. 䝀䞊䝭䝣䜱䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻ᇶ䛵䛟タィせ௳
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷ᵓ⠏䛩䜛 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䛿䠈䝕䝆䝍䝹䝀䞊䝮䛜
ᣢ䛴ᐇ₇䞉ホ౯䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢᥼⏝䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䝕䝆䝍䝹䝀
䞊䝮䛜⥅⥆฼⏝䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ே䜢ᴦ䛧䜎䛫䜛⾲⌧ᡭἲ
䜢⏝䛔䜛䠊
୍⯡ⓗ䛻ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䝀䞊䝭䝣䜱䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ཎ⌮䛿䠈
ㄢ㢟䜢䜽䝸䜰䋻ሗ㓘䜢୚䛘䜛䋻஺ὶ䠄⮬ᕫ䜰䝢䞊䝹䠅
(1)
䜢ᚠ⎔䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻䛒䜛䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
(1) 䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⪃ᐹ䜢㏙䜉䜛䠊
ㄢ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈Ꮫ⩦㐣⛬䜔ಶே䛾䜒䛸䜒䛸䛾▱㆑䜔㈨㉁
䛻౫Ꮡ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ㄢ㢟䛿Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾Ꮫ⩦䝺䝧䝹
䛻䜘䜚㐺ᐅኚ᭦䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊
㻌 ሗ㓘䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈༢䛻ሗ㓘䜢୚䛘䜛䛰䛡䛷䛿䠈┠ⓗ䛸ᡭẁ䜢
䛿䛝㐪䛘䛶Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䛜㏵୰䛛䜙ୖ䛜䜙䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔
䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛䠈ෆⓗືᶵ䛵䛡䛸እⓗືᶵ
௜䛡䛷ㄝ᫂䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈Ꮫ⩦㐣⛬䛾➃⥴䛻䛴䛟䛸
䛝䛻䛿䠈䜎䛰䠈Ꮫ⩦ពḧ䛜⇍ᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛾䛷䠈ሗ㓘䜢䛒
䛯䛘䜛䛸䛔䛖እⓗືᶵ௜䛡䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛯
䛰䛧䠈㔠㖹䛺䛹䛾ᑐ౯䛷䛺䛟䠈䜋䜑䜛䠈䜎䛯䛿䠈䝇䝍䞁䝥䛸䛔䛳
䛯䜒䛾䛷䛺䛔䛸䠈㔠㖹䛷䛿ᚋ䚻䠈䛭䛾⋓ᚓ䛜┠ⓗ䛻䛩䜚᭰䜟
䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䠈㏵୰䛛䜙Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䛜ୖ䛜䜙䛺䛟䛺䜛༴㝤ᛶ䛜ᣦ
᦬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
Ꮫ⩦䛾➃⥴䜢ୖᡭ䛻䛩䛞䜛䛸䠈ḟ➨䛻䠈ㄢ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛧䛯䛔
䛸䛔䛖ពḧ䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈ෆⓗືᶵ䛵䛡䛜⌧䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䠊䛣
䜜䛜⌧䜜䜛䛸䠈እ㒊䛛䜙䛾ሗ㓘↓䛧䛷䠈⮬ᚊ䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦䛜⾜䜟
䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜚䠈⥅⥆ᛶ䛜⏕䛨䜛䠊
䝀䞊䝭䝣䜱䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁⌮ㄽ䛷䛿䠈䛥䜙䛻⥅⥆ᛶ䜢ሀᅛ䛺䜒䛾
䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈஺ὶ䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈௚⪅䛻䜘䜛ㄆᐃ䛸䛔䛖⮬ᕫ䜰
䝢䞊䝹䛾ᑟධ䜢ᅗ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
୍᪉䠈㢮ఝ䛾⪃䛘᪉䛷䠈䝃䜲䝖䜴䛜ᥦၐ䛩䜛䛂䝀䞊䝮䝙䜽䝇䛃
⌮ㄽ[5][9]䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈䝀䞊䝮䛾䛚䜒䛧䜝䛥䛸 UI(User
Interface)䜢㛵㐃௜䛡䛯⪃ᐹ䛷䛒䜛䠊
䝃䜲䝖䜴䛿䠈䝀䞊䝮䛜ே䜢ክ୰䛻䛥䛫䜛 UI 䜔₇ฟ䛸䛔䛳䛯
䝜䜴䝝䜴䜢䛂䝀䞊䝮䝙䜽䝇䛃䛸䛧䛶䜎䛸䜑䠈䛭䜜䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷
⌧ᐇ♫఍䛸䝀䞊䝮䜢⤖䜃䛴䛡䜛䜉䛟άື䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂䝀
䞊䝮䝙䜽䝇䛃⌮ㄽ䛿䛂┤ឤⓗ䞉ᮏ⬟ⓗ䛻᧯స䛷䛝䜛䛃䛂」㞧䛺
᧯స䜢ẁ㝵ⓗ䛻⌮ゎ䛧䠈ᛮ䜟䛪ክ୰䛻䛺䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖஧䛴䛾せ
⣲䜢㦵Ꮚ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈䛂┤ឤⓗ䛷ᛌ㐺䛺䜲䞁䝍䞊䝣䜵
䞊䝇䛃䛂䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹୙せ䛾᧯స⌮ゎ䛃䛂䛿䜎䜛₇ฟ䛃䛂ẁ㝵ⓗ䛺
Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䛃䛂䝞䞊䝏䝱䝹䛸䝸䜰䝹䛾䝸䞁䜽䛃䛸䛔䛖 5 㡯┠䜢ᣲ䛢䠈
䛥䜙䛻䛭䜜䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛ᡭἲ䜢ヲ⣽䛻㏙䜉䛶䛔䜛䠊
௨ୖ䛾⪃ᐹ䜢ᇶ䛻䠈㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾タィせ௳
䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䠈ḟ䛾せ௳䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊
x
䛂▐㛫ⓗ䛻᧯స䛜⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛃䛣䛸䛿䝀䞊
䝮䝙䜽䝇䛾䛂┤ឤⓗ䞉ᮏ⬟ⓗ䛻᧯స䛷䛝䜛䛃せ⣲䛻ᙜ
䛶䛿䜎䜛䠊
x
୍᪉䠈䛂⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䜢ಁ䛩䛃䛣䛸䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䝀䞊䝮
䝙䜽䝇䛾䛂」㞧䛺᧯స䜢ẁ㝵ⓗ䛻⌮ゎ䛧䠈ᛮ䜟䛪ክ
୰䛻䛺䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖せ⣲䛸ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䠊
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿 WBL 䛻䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾䛂⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䜢ಁ䛩䛃ᡭ
ἲ䛻╔┠䛧䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䠈䛭䛾ᡭἲ䛾᫂ᩥ໬䛾䛯䜑䛻䝀䞊
䝮䝙䜽䝇䛾୰䛷䜒䛂」㞧䛺᧯స䜢ẁ㝵ⓗ䛻⌮ゎ䛧䠈ᛮ䜟䛪
ክ୰䛻䛺䜛䛃せ⣲䜢ά⏝䛩䜛䠊
3. WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮
㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾せ௳䜢ḟ䛻♧䛩䠊
䞉 䝕䝇䜽䝖䝑䝥 PC 䛷䛾㜀ぴ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈సᴗ⌧ሙ䛻䝍
䝤䝺䝑䝖➃ᮎ䜢ᣢ䛱㎸䜏సᴗ䛧䛺䛜䜙䛾㜀ぴ䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䠈
䝤䝷䜴䝄䛷㜀ぴྍ⬟䛺 Web 䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁
䞉 䝥䝷䝑䝖䝣䜷䞊䝮䛿䠈Linux+Apache+Mysql+PHP
WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮ୖ䛾⾲♧䠈᧯సୖ䛾≉ᚩ䛿௨ୗ䛾䛸䛚䜚䛷
䛒䜛䠊
䞉 ┠ ḟ 䛸 䛧 䛶 䛾 ᙺ ๭ 䜢 ᣢ 䛴䛂 ᢏ⾡ せ ⣲ 䝬 䝑 䝥䛃 ⏬ 㠃
(Fig.1)䛿䠈㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ䛸㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧䛻⏝䛔
䜛䠊
䞉 䛂ᢏ⾡せ⣲䝬䝑䝥䛃⏬㠃䛻䛿Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䜢♧䛩䝍䜲䝖䝹
䛜᭩䛛䜜䛯䜰䜲䝁䞁䛜୪䜣䛷䛚䜚䠈䜰䜲䝁䞁䜢䜽䝸䝑䜽
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛂సᴗ䝫䜲䞁䝖䛃⏬㠃䜈㑄⛣䛩䜛䠊
䞉 ᐇ㝿䛻ᡭ㡰䜔䝁䝒䜢ື⏬䜔ᅗ∧䜢⏝䛔䛶ఏ䛘䜛䛂స
ᴗ䝫䜲䞁䝖䛃⏬㠃(Fig.2)䛿䠈సᴗෆᐜ䛾ᩍ♧䜢䝸䞁䜽
䛾ᙇ䜙䜜䛯䝔䜻䝇䝖䠈ື⏬䛺䛹䜢⏝䛔䛯䝬䝹䝏䝯䝕䜱
䜰ᩍᮦ䛷䛒䜛䠊 䛣䛾ᩍᮦ䛾సᡂ䛻䛿䠈఍♫䝇䝍䝑䝣
䛾᪤Ꮡ䛾ᩍ♧ἲ䛻ຍ䛘䛶䠈⇍⦎⪅䛾ᬯ㯲▱ᢳฟ䜢
⾜䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䜢఍♫䝇䝍䝑䝣䛸┦ㄯ䛧䛺䛜䜙཯ᫎ䛥䛫
䛯䠊
Fig.1 ᢏ⾡せ⣲䝬䝑䝥⏬㠃
Fig.2 సᴗ䝫䜲䞁䝖⏬㠃
ゲーミフィケーションに基づく達成度提示型ものづくり系技術伝承 WBL
39
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈ḟ❶௨㝆䛷㏙䜉䜛ᴦ䛧䛥䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛ᡭἲ䜢
䛂ᢏ⾡せ⣲䝬䝑䝥䛃⏬㠃䛻䛶ᑟධ䠈᳨ウ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
䜢ᥦ♧䛩䜛䠊
䛂ᢏ⾡せ⣲䝬䝑䝥⏬㠃䛃䛻䛚䛡䜛䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛃䛿䠈
௨ୗ䛾 2 䛴䜢≉ᚩ䛸䛧䛶ᣢ䛴䠊
4. ᴦ䛧䛥䛸䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ䛃䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧䛃䛾タ
䛆1-1䛇Ꮫ⩦䛩䜛㡯┠䜢䝸䝇䝖≧䛻୪䜉䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈஧ḟඖ䝬
䝑䝥ୖ䛻㓄⨨
䛣䜜䛿䠈⏝ព䛥䜜䛯Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䜢䠈ᚑ᮶䛾ᩍ⛉᭩䛾䜘䛖䛻ୖ
䛛䜙ୗ䛻㡰␒䛻Ꮫ䜀䛫䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䠄䛒䜛⛬ᗘ䛾⮬⏤䛾୰
䛷䠅Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾ពᛮ䛷㑅ᢥ䛧䛯㡰␒䛷Ꮫ䜀䛫䜛䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛂඲యീ䜢▱䛳䛶䛛䜙ヲ⣽䜢▱䜚䛯䛔䛃䛂ヲ⣽䜢▱䛳䛶䛛䜙ḟ
䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛻㐍䜏䛯䛔䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾䝇䝍䜲䝹䛻䛒䜟䛫
䛯Ꮫ⩦䜢ྍ⬟䛩䜛䛸ྠ᫬䛻䠈⮬ศ䛷Ꮫ⩦䛾㡰␒䜢⪃䛘㑅ᢥ
䛥䛫䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈䛂⮬ศ䛾ពᛮ䛷㐨䜢ษ䜚㛤䛟䛃ᴦ䛧䜐య㦂
䜢ᥦ౪䛧䠈⮬୺ⓗ䛺⥅⥆Ꮫ⩦䜢ಁ䛩䠊
ィㄽ
4.1. タィᴫせ
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷ᵓ⠏䛧䛯 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾タィ䛷䛿䠈䝀䞊䝮䛜
ᣢ䛴ᴦ䛧䛥䛾୰䛷䜒䠈
<ᴦ䛧䛥 1>䛂⮬ศ䛾ពᛮ䛷㐨䜢ษ䜚㛤䛟䛃ᴦ䛧䛥
<ᴦ䛧䛥 2>䛂᧯స䛻ᑐ䛧䛶㇏䛛䛺䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽⾲⌧䛜
㏉䛳䛶䛟䜛䛃ᴦ䛧䛥
<ᴦ䛧䛥 3>䛂⮬ศ䛾⾜Ⅽ䛾✚䜏㔜䛽䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㐩ᡂឤ䛃
䛸䛔䛖ᴦ䛧䛥䛻╔┠䛧䛯䠊䛭䛧䛶䠈<ᴦ䛧䛥 1>䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩ᡭ
ἲ䛸䛧䛶䛆1䛇䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛃䜢䠈<ᴦ䛧䛥 2><ᴦ䛧䛥 3>
䛾ᴦ䛧䛥䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩䛯䜑䛾ᡭἲ䜢䛆2䛇䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛃
䛸䛧䛶ᥦ♧䛩䜛(Fig.3 ཧ↷)䠊
╔┠䛧䛯ᴦ䛧䛥
㻨ᴦ䛧䛥㻝㻪
䛂⮬ศ䛾ពᛮ䛷㐨䜢ษ䜚㛤䛟䛃ᴦ䛧䛥
ᴦ䛧䛥䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩䛯䜑䛾ᡭἲ
䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ䛃ᡭἲ
㻨ᴦ䛧䛥㻞㻪
䛂᧯స䛻ᑐ䛧䛶㇏䛛䛺䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽
䚷⾲⌧䛜㏉䛳䛶䛟䜛䛃ᴦ䛧䛥
䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ䛃ᡭἲ
㻨ᴦ䛧䛥㻟㻪
䛂⮬ศ䛾⾜Ⅽ䛾✚䜏㔜䛽䛻ᑐ䛩䜛
䚷㐩ᡂឤ䛃䛾ᴦ䛧䛥
Fig.3. ╔┠䛧䛯䛯䛾䛧䛥䛸䛭䜜䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩ᡭἲ
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷ᵓ⠏䛧䛯 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈Ꮫ⩦䛩䜛㡯┠
䜢⾲♧䛥䛫䜛䠈䛔䜟䜖䜛┠ḟ䛾ᙺ๭䜢ᣢ䛴⏬㠃䠄௨ୗ䛣䜜䜢
䛂ᢏ⾡せ⣲䝬䝑䝥⏬㠃䛃䛸࿧䜆䠅䛻䛶ୖグ 2 ᡭἲ䜢ᑟධ䛧䛯䠊
4.2. 㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ
≀஦䜢㐙⾜䛩䜛ୖ䛷䠈኱ᑠ䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺䝇䝁䞊䝥䛷䛾┠ᶆ䜢
タᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾㔜せᛶ䛿䛔䛖䜎䛷䜒䛺䛔䛜䠈䝕䝆䝍䝹䝀䞊䝮
䛾タィ䛻䜒䛚䛔䛶䜒䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿ඹ㏻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
๓㏙䛾䝃䜲䝖䜴䛿䛂䝀䞊䝮䝙䜽䝇䛃䛾䛂┠ᶆタᐃ䛃䛾ᡭἲ䛻
䛴䛔䛶䠈
(1)䝇䝍䞊䝖᫬䛾䝴䞊䝄タᐃ
(2)᭱⤊┠ᶆ䛾タᐃ
(3)┤㏆┠ᶆ䛾タᐃ
(4)୰㛫┠ᶆ䛾タᐃ
䛸䛔䛳䛯Ⅼ䜢䛒䛢䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛣䛷䛂䝀䞊䝮䝙䜽䝇䛃䛻≉ᚩⓗ䛺䛾
䛿䠈(4)୰㛫┠ᶆ䛾タᐃ䠈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛷䛒䜛䠊(1)䡚(3)䛿䛂┠ᶆ
䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈(4)䛿䠈
䞉 ୰㛫┠ᶆ䛿᫂☜䛻ᥦ♧䛫䛪䠈䝥䝺䜲䝲䞊䛾ุ᩿䛷タ
ᐃ䛥䛫䜛䠊
䞉 ୰㛫┠ᶆ䜢ᥦ♧䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᮦᩱ䛿ⓗ☜䛻ᥦ♧䛩䜛䠊
䛸䛔䛖≉ᚩ䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊୰㛫┠ᶆ䜢䝥䝺䜲䝲䞊⮬㌟䛻タᐃ
䛥䛫䠈䜽䝸䜰䛥䛫䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䛔䛛䛻䜒䝥䝺䜲䝲䞊䛿⮬ศ䛜
㑅ᢥ䛧䛯㐨䜢⮬䜙㐍䜣䛷䛔䜛Ẽ䛻䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛 [7]䠊
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈ୖグ䛾䛂┠ᶆタᐃ䛃䛾ᡭἲ䜢ᇶ䛻䠈<ᴦ䛧䛥
1>䛂⮬ศ䛾ពᛮ䛷㐨䜢ษ䜚㛤䛟䛃ᴦ䛧䜏䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈
ゝ䛔᥮䛘䜜䜀䠈䝴䞊䝄䛻ᢲ䛧௜䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈⮬ศ䛷┠ᶆ䜢タ
ᐃ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䠄䛧䛯Ẽ䛻䛥䛫䜛䠅䛯䜑䛻䠈䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛃
䛆1-2䛇Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䜢䠈Ꮫ⩦䛾㐍ᤖ䛻䛒䜟䛫䛶」ᩘᥦ♧
ᩍ⛉᭩䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䛜䝸䝇䝖≧䛻୪䜣䛷䛔䛯䛺䜙䜀䠈
⮬⏤䛿↓䛔௦䜟䜚䛻䠈Ꮫ⩦䛩䜛㡰␒䛿䜟䛛䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈䛆1-1䛇
䛾䜘䛖䛺ᙧᘧ䜢ྲྀ䛳䛯ሙྜ䠈䛔䛝䛺䜚඲䛶䛾Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䛜⾲♧
䛥䜜䜛䛸䠈䝴䞊䝄䛿ఱ䜢┤㏆┠ᶆ䛻䛧䛶䜘䛔䛛ᡞᝨ䛳䛶䛧䜎䛖
䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈Ꮫ⩦䛾㐍ᤖ䛻䛒䜟䛫䛶㛵㐃䛩䜛Ꮫ⩦
㡯┠䜢㛤♧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䜖䜛䜔䛛䛻㑅ᢥ䛾ᮦᩱ䜢ᥦ♧䛩䜛䠊
䛺䛚䠈(1)䝇䝍䞊䝖᫬䛾䝴䞊䝄タᐃ䠈(2)᭱⤊┠ᶆ䛾タᐃ䠈
(3)┤㏆┠ᶆ䛾タᐃ䛾䛂┠ᶆ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛸䠈(4)୰
㛫┠ᶆ䛾タᐃ䛾䛂┠ᶆ䜢䝴䞊䝄䛻᥈䛥䛫䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛿୍ぢ
┦཯䛩䜛䛸䛣䜝䛜䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈䝞䝷䞁䝇ㄪᩚ䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾
䝞䝷䞁䝇ㄪᩚ䛾㐣⛬䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ᚋ㏙䛩䜛䠊
4.3. ㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ
WBL 䜢ྵ䜑䛯 WEB 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻㝈䜙䛪ᐙ㟁䛷䛒䛳䛶䜒䠈
ᶵჾ䜢᧯స䛧䛯㝿䛻ఱ䛛䛧䜙䛾䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽䛜㏉䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈
౑⏝⪅䛻䛸䛳䛶䛝䛱䜣䛸᧯స䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢ᐇឤ䛥䛫Ᏻᚰ䛥䛫䜛䛯
䜑䛻ᚲせ䛺䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊ྠ᫬䛻䛭䛾䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽⾲⌧䛜㇏䛛
䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈䛭䜜䜢౑⏝⪅䛿ᮇᚅ䛧ᴦ䛧䜏䜢ぬ䛘䠈ఱᗘ
䜒᧯స䛧䛯䛟䛺䜛䠊䛣䜜䜢ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿<ᴦ䛧䛥 2>䛂᧯స㇏䛛䛺
䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽⾲⌧䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䛶ධຊ䜢䛩䜛䛃ᴦ䛧䛥䛸࿧䜆䠊
䜎䛯䠈❧䛶䛯┠ᶆ䜢୍䛴୍䛴䜽䝸䜰䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ឤ䛨䜛䠈䛒䜛
䛔䛿✚䜏㔜䛽䛯⮬ศ䛾⾜Ⅽ䜢᣺䜚㏉䛳䛯䛸䛝䛻䠈㐣ཤ䛸⌧ᅾ
䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᐇឤ䛩䜛<ᴦ䛧䛥 3>䛂㐩ᡂ䛩䜛䛃ᴦ䛧䛥䜒䛒
䜛䠊
䛭䛣䛷䠈ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿<ᴦ䛧䛥 2><ᴦ䛧䛥 3>䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩ᡭἲ
䛸䛧䛶䠈䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛃䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛䠊
䛂ᢏ⾡せ⣲䝬䝑䝥⏬㠃䛃䛻䛚䛡䜛䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛃
䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䜢୍䛴ಟ஢䛩䜛ᗘ䛻⏬㠃䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䜛䠈䛸䛔䛖
ᙧ䛷ᐇ⌧䛥䛫䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛷䠈Ꮫ⩦䛸䛔䛖ධຊ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈
㏲ḟ ⏬㠃䛾ኚ໬䛸䛔䛖䝺䝇䝫䞁䝇䜢䛝䛱䜣䛸㏉䛩䠈䛸䛔䛖䛂㇏
䛛䛺䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䛶ධຊ䜢䛩䜛䛃ᴦ䛧䛥䜢ᑟ䛟䠊䜎䛯䠈
Ꮫ⩦㏵୰䛒䜛䛔䛿⤊஢᫬䛻䠈䛭䛾᫬䛾䝯䝙䝳䞊⏬㠃䛸Ꮫ⩦
㛤ጞ᫬䛾䝯䝙䝳䞊⏬㠃䛾ᕪ䜢┠䛻ぢ䛘䜛ᙧ䛷⾲⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈
<ᴦ䛧䛥 3>䛂㐩ᡂ䛩䜛䛃䛾ᴦ䛧䛥䜢₇ฟ䛩䜛䠊
5. WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮
5.1. タィᣦ㔪
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᵓ⠏䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈ḟ䛾ᡭ㡰䜢
᥇䛳䛯䠊
I.
ᡭἲ䛾ල㇟໬
II.
ᐇ㝿䛾 WBL 䛾ᵓ⠏
40
橋本洋志
III.
ල㇟໬䛧䛯ᡭἲ䛾ホ౯
ᨵၿ๓䠖ึ䜑䛛䜙඲㒊⾲♧
䜎䛯 III.䛾ල㇟໬䛧䛯ᡭἲ䛾ホ౯䜢㋃䜎䛘䠈䛒䜙䛯䜑䛶 I.
䛾ᡭἲ䛾ල㇟໬䛻䛴䛔䛶ぢ┤䛧䜢⾜䛖䠈䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛺䝅䝇䝔䝮
ᵓ⠏䝹䞊䝥ἲ䜢᥇⏝䛧䛯䠊䛺䛚䠈䛣䛾୍㐃䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮ᵓ⠏䝹
䞊䝥䛿䠈
䞉 WBL ᵓ⠏䝏䞊䝮ෆ䛷䛾ホ౯ཬ䜃ホ౯䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ぢ
┤䛧
䞉 ᮏㄽᩥ➹⪅䛜ᡤᒓ䛩䜛኱Ꮫ㝔䛻䛚䛡䜛䠈䜒䛾䛵䛟
䜚䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛ᩍဨ䞉Ꮫ⏕䛻䜘䜛ホ౯ཬ䜃ホ౯䛻ᇶ
䛵䛟ぢ┤䛧
䞉 ᮏ WBL 䜢ᵓ⠏䛩䜛㝿䛻ྲྀᮦ༠ຊ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯
䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚௻ᴗ䛻䜘䜛ホ౯ཬ䜃ホ౯䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ぢ┤䛧
䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛻 3 ᅇ䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛(Table.1)䠊
ᨵၿᚋ䠖䜰䝙䝯䞊䝅䝵䞁䛷㡰␒䛻⾲♧
7DEOH:%/ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢホ౯⪅
ホ౯⪅ྡ⛠
ᑐ㇟㼍 㼃㻮㻸ᵓ⠏䝏䞊䝮
ᑐ㇟㼎 䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚㛵㐃䛾ᩍဨ䞉Ꮫ⏕
ྲྀᮦ༠ຊ௻ᴗ䛾♫ဨ䞉ᙺဨ
ᑐ㇟㼏
䠄㻔ᰴ㻕ி὾ᕤᴗᡤ䠅
ホ౯ᐇ᪋᪥
ᖺ㱋
㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻣௨㝆㝶᫬ 㻞㻜௦䡚㻡㻜௦
㻞㻜㻝㻜㻛㻝㻝㻛㻞㻜
㻞㻜௦䡚㻢㻜௦
㻞㻜㻝㻝㻛㻝㻛㻞㻜
㻞㻜௦䡚
㻌 䛣䛾䠈㛤Ⓨ㐣⛬䛷䛒䛢䜙䜜䛯ၥ㢟Ⅼ䛿䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮ᨵၿ䛾
ᮦᩱ䛷䛒䜛䛸ྠ᫬䛻䠈ᩍ⫱䝁䞁䝔䞁䝒䜢సᡂ䛩䜛ୖ䛷䛾㔜せ
䛺Ⅼ䛾෌Ⓨぢ䛻䜒⧅䛜䛳䛯䠊
௨ୗ䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮ᵓ⠏䝹䞊䝥䜢⧞䜚㏉䛩䛣䛸䛷ぢ䛘䛶䛝䛯ၥ
㢟Ⅼ䛸䛭䛾ゎỴ⟇䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊
5.2. 㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛾ල㇟໬䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ䛸ゎỴ⟇
A䠅䜎䛪䛹䛣䛛䜙ጞ䜑䜜䜀䜘䛔䛛ศ䛛䜙䛺䛔
WBL ヨస∧䜢సᡂ䛧 WBL ᵓ⠏䝏䞊䝮ෆ䛷ホ౯䜢䛧䛶
䛔䛯᫬䛾ヰ䠊䛂䛆1-1䛇Ꮫ⩦䛩䜛㡯┠䜢䝸䝇䝖≧䛻୪䜉䜛䛾䛷䛿
䛺䛟䠈஧ḟඖ䝬䝑䝥ୖ䛻㓄⨨䛩䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖ᡭἲ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ホ౯䜢
ཷ䛡䜛䛯䜑䠈Fig.4 䛾ୖ㒊䛾䜘䛖䛺⏬㠃䜢䝯䞁䝞䞊䛻ᥦ♧䛧䛯䠊
⏬㠃సᡂ⪅䛿䠈ᡂ㛗䜢ᕥୗ䛛䜙ྑୖ䜈䛾ୖ᪼䜢䜲䝯䞊䝆䛧䠈
䜰䜲䝁䞁䜢㓄⨨䛧䛯䛾䛰䛜䠈ホ౯䝯䞁䝞䞊䛛䜙䛿䛂䛹䛣䛜䝇䝍
䞊䝖䛷䛹䛣䛜䝂䞊䝹䛛ศ䛛䜙䛺䛔䛃䛸䛔䛖ពぢ䜢䜒䜙䛳䛯䠊
ᩍ⛉᭩䛾䜘䛖䛻Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䛜䝸䝇䝖≧䛻୪䜣䛷䛔䛯䛺䜙䜀䠈
䛭䛣䛻䛿䠈䛂ୖ䛛䜙ୗ䛻㡰␒䛻䛃Ꮫ䜣䛷䛔䛟䠈䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜ྵព
䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈஧ḟඖ䝬䝑䝥ୖ䛻୪䜉䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䝸
䝇䝖≧䛻୪䜉䛯䛸䛝䛻ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䛯Ꮫ⩦㡰␒䛻㛵䛩䜛ᬯ㯲䛾
஢ゎ䛜ᾘ䛘䛶䛧䜎䛳䛶䛔䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛣䛾䛣䛸䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ึ䜑䛶⏬㠃⾲䜢♧䛥䛫䛯㝿䛻Ꮫ⩦㡯┠
䜢⾲䛩䜰䜲䝁䞁䜢䜰䝙䝯䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢౑䛳䛶㡰␒䛻⾲♧䛥䛫䛯䠊
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈᭱ึ䛻⾲♧䛥䜜䛯䜰䜲䝁䞁䛜᭱ึ䛻Ꮫ䜆䛸䛣䜝䛷
䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖ពᅗ䜢䠈ື䛝䜢⏝䛔䛶ఏ䛘䜛䜘䛖䛻⾲♧᪉ἲ䜢ᨵၿ
䛧䛯(Fig.4)䠊
Fig.4. 䝇䝍䞊䝖䛸䝂䞊䝹䜢♧䛩ᕤኵ
B)᭱⤊┠ᶆ䛜ぢ䛘䛵䜙䛔
Ꮫෆ䛷䛾䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛ᩍဨ䞉Ꮫ⏕䛻䜘䜛ホ౯఍䛻
䛶䠈䛂㏵୰䛷㡯┠䛜ቑ䛘䜛䛸䠈䛄ఱ䠈䜎䛰䛣䜣䛺䛻䛒䜛䛾䛅䛸ᘬ
䛔䛶䛧䜎䛖䛃䛸䛔䛖ពぢ䛜䛒䛜䛳䛯䠊ྠ᫬䛻ὶධ䛩䜛᝟ሗ䛾㔞
䜢ไ㝈䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈Ꮫ⩦䛾㡰␒䛻㛵䛩䜛䛒䜛⛬ᗘ䛾䜺䜲䝗䛻
䛺䜛䛣䛸䜢ពᅗ䛧䛯ᡭἲ䛜䠈䛂ඛ䛜ぢ䛘䛺䛔䛃䛸䛔䛖㞀ᐖ䜢Ⓨ
⏕䛥䛫䠈㏫䛻䝴䞊䝄䛾䜔䜛Ẽ䜢๐䛔䛷䛧䜎䛳䛶䛔䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛣䜜䛿䠈䛂᭱⤊┠ᶆ䜢タᐃ䛩䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖䝀䞊䝮䝙䜽䝇䛾┠ᶆタ
ᐃᡭἲ䛸཯䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊
䛣䛾஦㇟䛾ゎỴ⟇䛸䛧䛶䠈䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑䜰䜲䝁䞁䛾࿘䜚䛻䠈⅊
Ⰽ䛾෇䜢ᥥ⏬䠈㏣ຍ䛾䜰䜲䝁䞁䛜⾲♧䛥䜜䜛⟠ᡤ䛾䝠䞁䝖䛻
䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䠄Fig.5䠅䠊
C䠅ᚋ䛷᣺䜚㏉䜛䛸䛝䠈㡯┠䛛䜙䛥䛜䛩䛣䛸䛜䜔䜚䛵䜙䛔
䛣䜜䜒Ꮫෆ䛷䛾䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛ᩍဨ䞉Ꮫ⏕䛻䜘䜛ホ
౯఍䛷䛾ពぢ䠊ᢏ⾡ఏᢎ䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈Ꮫ⩦୰䠈䛒䜛
䛔䛿Ꮫ⩦ᚋ䛻≉ᐃ䛾Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䛾䜏ぢ㏉䛩䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘
䜙䜜䜛䠊ᚑ᮶䛾䜘䛖䛺⣬䝧䞊䝇䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈┠ḟ䜢㎺䛳
䛶௵ព䛾㡯┠䜢᥈䛧ฟ䛩䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾᫬
䛾ᮏ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䛿䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾஦㇟䛾
ゎỴ⟇䛸䛧䛶䠈᪤⩦䛾㡯┠䛻䛴䛔䛶୍ぴ໬䛩䜛䛂᳨⣴䛃䝰䞊
䝗䜢㏣ຍ䛧䛯䠊䛺䛚䠈䛣䛾䛂᳨⣴䛃䝰䞊䝗䛿䠈䛂ึ䜑䛶䜰䜽䝉䝇䛧
䛯㡰䛃䛂᭱ᚋ䛻䜰䜽䝉䝇䛧䛯㡰䛃䛂஬༑㡢㡰䛃䛸䝋䞊䝖䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖
䛻䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䝴䞊䝄䛜᥈䛧䜔䛩䛔䜘䛖䛻ᕤኵ䜢䛧䛯䠄Fig.6䠅䠊
ゲーミフィケーションに基づく達成度提示型ものづくり系技術伝承 WBL
ᨵၿ๓䠖䜰 䜲䝁䞁䛾䜏⾲♧
41
䛣䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䠈䛹䛣䛻㐩ᡂ䜢♧䛩ᫍ䛾䝬䞊䜽䛜⾲♧䛥䜜䜛䛛䠈
᭱ึ䛾ẁ㝵䛷⾲♧䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻⾲⌧䜢ኚ᭦䛧䠈᭱⤊ⓗ䛺ᙧ䛜
᝿ീ䛧䜔䛩䛟ᕤኵ䜢䛧䛯䠄Fig.7䠅䠊
ึ䜑䛾Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䜽䝸䜰䛷኱䛝䛺ᫍ䛜⾲♧䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛷
ᨵၿᚋ䠖䜰 䜲䝁䞁䠇䜰 䜲䝁䞁䛜㏣ຍ
䛥䜜䜛ሙᡤ䛾䝠䞁䝖䜢⾲♧
௚䛾Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䜽䝸䜰䛷ᫍ䛜ቑ䛘䜛䜣䛰䛸㐃᝿䛥䛫䜛
)LJ᭱⤊┠ᶆࢆぢ࠼ࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿᕤኵ
ᨵၿᚋ䠖ྑୖ䛾䝪䝍䞁䜢ᢲ䛩䛸
᳨⣴䝰䞊䝗䛜⾲♧
)LJ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ࢦ࣮ࣝࢆ᝿ീࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿᕤኵ
6. 㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᆺ䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚⣔ᢏ⾡ఏᢎ WBL 䛻ᑐ䛩
䜛ホ౯
)LJ ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢆ࢔ࢩࢫࢺࡍࡿᕤኵ
5.3. ㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛾ල㇟໬䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ䛸ゎỴ⟇
㐩ᡂᗘ䜢┠䛻ぢ䛘䜛ᙧ䛻䛩䜛ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏⮬య䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ྰ
ᐃⓗ䛺ពぢ䛿↓䛛䛳䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈୍䛴୍䛴䛾⾜ື䛻䛴䛔䛶䝺
䝇䝫䞁䝇䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛿ぢ䛘䛶䜒䠈Ꮫ⩦䜢⥆䛡䛶䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᙧ䛻
䛺䜛䛛䠈䛂᭱⤊ⓗ䛺䝂䞊䝹䛜ぢ䛘䛺䛔䛃䛸䛔䛖ពぢ䜢䜒䜙䛳䛯䠊
๓❶䛷㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈ᮏ WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᵓ⠏㐣⛬䛻䛚䛔
䛶䠈䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䛻㛵䜟䜛᪉䚻䛻㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ䠈㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ
♧ᡭἲ䛾ᐇ⌧໬䛻䛚䛡䜛ၥ㢟Ⅼ䜢ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛯䠊ྠ᫬䛻䠈䜒
䛾䛵䛟䜚ᢏ⾡ఏᢎ WBL 䛻䛚䛡䜛㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ䠈㏲ḟ㐩ᡂ
ᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛾ጇᙜᛶ䜔䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䛯 WBL 䛾฼
⏝䝅䞊䞁䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ពぢ䜒䛒䛜䛳䛯䠊ᮏ❶䛷䛿䠈䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺
ពぢ䛛䜙䠈ᴦ䛧䛥䜢⏝䛔䛯 WBL 䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶⪃ᐹ䛩
䜛䠊
䞉㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ホ౯
ᑐ㇟⪅ b 䛾䛂䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚㛵㐃䛾ᩍဨ䞉Ꮫ⏕䛃䛻సᡂ㏵୰䛾䝁
䞁䝔䞁䝒䜢ぢ䛶䜒䜙䛳䛯䛸䛝䠈䛂Ꮫ⩦䝥䝻䝉䝇䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䠈䛣䛾
䜘䛖䛻䜂䛸䛴䛾㐨➽䛷ᥥ䛡䜛䜘䛖䛺⡆༢䛺䜒䛾䛺䛾䛰䜝䛖䛛䛃
䛂Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻䜘䛳䛶㔜Ⅼⓗ䛻Ꮫ䜃䛯䛔䛸䛣䜝䛿㐪䛖䛜䠈䛣䛾䝁䞁
䝔䞁䝒䛰䛸୍㏻䜚㡰␒䛻㐍䜑䜛ὶ䜜䛧䛛䛺䛔䠊䜒䛖ᑡ䛧Ꮫ⩦⪅
䛾Ꮫ⩦≧ἣ䜢཯ᫎ䛧䛯స䜚䛻䛿䛷䛝䛺䛔䛛䛃䛸䛔䛖ពぢ䜢䜒䜙
42
橋本洋志
䛳䛯䠊WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾᭱⤊ᙧ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䜢Ꮫ⩦⪅
䛾ពᛮ䛷㑅ᢥ䛧䛯㡰␒䛷Ꮫ䜀䛫䜛䛣䛸䜢≺䛳䛶䛔䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧
䛺䛜䜙సᡂ㏵୰䛾ẁ㝵䛷䛣䛖䛔䛖ពぢ䛜ฟ䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿䠈
䛂඲యീ䜢▱䛳䛶䛛䜙ヲ⣽䜢▱䜚䛯䛔䛃䛂ヲ⣽䜢▱䛳䛶䛛䜙ḟ
䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛻㐍䜏䛯䛔䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾䝇䝍䜲䝹䛻䛒䜟䛫
䛯Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲ䛻ᑐ䛧㟂せ䛜䛒䜛䠈䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛾⾲䜜䛷䛒䜛䠊䛩䛺
䜟䛱䠈䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚ᢏ⾡ఏᢎ WBL 䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥ
ᡭἲ䛃䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ホ౯䛥䜜䛯䛸ゝ䛘䜘䛖䠊
䛯䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚ᢏ⾡ఏᢎ WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ᐇ㝿䛾䜒䛾
䛵䛟䜚௻ᴗ䛷䛾௻ᴗෆᩍ⛉᭩䛸䛧䛶䛾ᡭ䛤䛯䛘䜢ឤ䛨䜛䛣䛸
䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊ᛂ⏝౛䛸䛧䛶䠈Ꮫᰯ䛷䛾䛂㟁Ꮚᩍ⛉᭩䛃䜈䛾ྍ⬟
ᛶ䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈฼⏝⪅䠄ඣ❺⏕ᚐ䠅䜔౑⏝䝅䞊䞁
䠄ᩍᐊ䛾䜘䛖䛻඲ဨ䛜ྠ᫬䛻Ꮫ⩦䛩䜛ሙᡤ䠅䛸䛔䛳䛯ᒓᛶ䛜
௒ᅇ䛾஦౛䛸䛿␗䛺䜛䛾䛷䠈䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛃䛾䜘䛖䛻
Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾䝇䝍䜲䝹䛻䜘䛳䛶Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲ䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜㐺䛧
䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ᨵ䜑䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊
䞉㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧䛃ᡭἲ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ホ౯
ᑐ㇟⪅ c 䛾ྲྀᮦ༠ຊ௻ᴗ䛾♫ဨ䞉ᙺဨ䛻సᡂ䛧䛯 WBL
䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ぢ䛶ホ౯䛧䛶䜒䜙䛳䛯㝿䠈䛂䝡䝆䝳䜰䝹䛜ኚ䜟䛳䛶
䛔䛟㻌 䛣䛣䜎䛷ຮᙉ䛧䛯䜣䛰䛃䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿⌮ゎ䛧䛶䜒
䜙䛘䛯䠄ᕤሙ㛗䠅䠊䜎䛯䠈♫㛗䛛䜙䠄䛣䛱䜙䛛䜙䝀䞊䝮䛾⾲⌧ᡭ
ἲ䜢ྲྀ䜚ධ䜜䛯䛸䛿ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䛾䛻䜒㛵䜟䜙䛪䠅䛂䝀
䞊䝮䜏䛯䛔䠊ᴦ䛧䛭䛖䛃䛸䛔䛖ឤ᝿䛜䛒䜚䠈䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧䛃
ᡭἲ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ዲពⓗ䛺ホ౯䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛸ゝ䛘䜘䛖䠊
ㅰ㻌 㻌 㻌 ㎡
௒ᅇ䛾 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈ᩍᮦ䛸䛧䛶◒▼సᡂ
ᕤ⛬䜢ྲྀᮦ䛥䛫䛶䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾
ホ౯䛻䜒䛤༠ຊ䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯䠈ᰴᘧ఍♫ ி὾ᕤᴗᡤ䛾㛵ಀ
⪅䛾ⓙᵝ䛻῝䛟ឤㅰ䛔䛯䛧䜎䛩䠊䜎䛯䠈ᐇ㦂䛻༠ຊ䛧䛶䛔䛯
䛰䛔䛯䠈AIIT2010 ᖺᗘಟ஢⏕䛾㡑㻌 ㉸Ặ, ᑎᮏ㻌 ྜྷ៞Ặ,
ྜྷ⏣㻌 ⫱௦Ặ䛻ឤㅰ䛧䜎䛩䠊
䞉௻ᴗෆᩍ⛉᭩䛸䛧䛶䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ
ᐇ㝿䛻ྲྀᮦ䜢䛧䛯௻ᴗ䛷సᡂ䛧䛯 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ぢ䛶ホ
౯䛧䛶䜒䜙䛳䛯㝿䠈䛂ᡭ㡰᭩䜢స䛳䛶䜒䠈෗┿䛸ᩥ❶䛰䛡䛷䠈
䛹䛣䛻ఱ䛜䛒䜛䛛䛜ศ䛛䜙䛺䛔䛾䛷౑䜟䜜䛺䛔䠈ぢ䛺䛔䠊䛣䛖
䛔䛖ᙧᘧ䛷䛒䜜䜀ぢ䜛䛃䛂䠄ᢏ⾡⩦ᚓ䜢ጞ䜑䜛䠅๓䛻᭱ึ䛻䛣
䜜䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䜙䜲䝯䞊䝆䛜䛴䛝䜔䛩䛔䛃䛂䛸䛳䛴䛝䜔䛩䛟䛺䜛䛃
䛸䛔䛖ពぢ䛜⪺䛛䜜䛯䠄20 ௦⏨ᛶ䠈⇍⦎ᢏ⾡⪅䠅䠊
䜎䛯䠈䛂ศ䛛䜣䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸䛝䛻䛃䛂㏫䛻୍ᅇ䜏䛶䛯䛸䛣䜝䛜䠈
ᚋ䛷䛹䛾㡯┠䛜ぢ䛯䛔䠈䛸䛔䛳䛯䛸䛝䛻䛃ぢ㏉䛩䠈䛸䛔䛖౑䛔
᪉䜒䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䛖ᣦ᦬䜒䛒䛢䜙䜜䛯䠊
7. 䛚䜟䜚䛻
ᮏㄽᩥ䛿䠈ᴦ䛧䛥䛷Ꮫ⩦䛾⥅⥆฼⏝䜢ຠᯝⓗ䛻ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩
䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚ᢏ⾡ఏᢎ WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䠈䛭䛾᭷⏝ᛶ䜢
᳨ド䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾䝣䜱䞊䝹䝗ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛔䠈ୗグ䛾ᡂᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜
䛯䠊
1) 䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚ᢏ⾡ఏᢎ WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾 UI 䜢⪃䛘䜛ୖ䛷䠈
䛂⥅⥆䛧䛯฼⏝䠈฼⏝ᅇᩘ䛾ቑຍ䛃䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䛯䜑タィᣦ㔪
䛸䛧䛶䛂ᴦ䛧䛥䛃䜢䛒䛢䛯䠊
䛂ᴦ䛧䛥䛃䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᡭἲ䛸䛧䛶䠈䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭ
ἲ䛃䛸䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛃䜢ᥦ♧䛧䛯䠊
2) 䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛃䛸䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛃䛻䛴䛔
䛶䠈ᡭἲ䛾ල㇟໬䊻ල㇟໬䛧䛯ᡭἲ䛾 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䜈䛾
ᦚ㍕䊻ホ౯䛸ᡭἲ䛾ぢ┤䛧䠈䛸䛔䛖ᡭ㡰䜢ྲྀ䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᡭἲ
䛜ᣢ䛴ၥ㢟Ⅼ䛾Ὑ䛔ฟ䛧䛸Ὑ⦎໬䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾㐣⛬䛷䠈
䛂Ꮫ⩦㡯┠䜢䝸䝇䝖≧䛻୪䜉䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦㡰␒䜢ᬯ㯲ⓗ䛻
ᣦᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖䛃䛂䛹䜜䛟䜙䛔䛾Ꮫ⩦䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛
┠ฎ䜢♧䛩䛣䛸䛜⥅⥆Ꮫ⩦䛻䛿㔜せ䛃䛂ᩍᮦ䛻䛿ᚋ䛷ぢ㏉
䛩䛣䛸䜒ồ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈෌☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸
䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊
3) 䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛃䜢⏝䛔䛯 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢䜒䛾䛵
䛟䜚ᢏ⾡㛵ಀ⪅䛻ᥦ♧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䛂඲యീ䜢▱䛳䛶䛛䜙ヲ⣽
䜢▱䜚䛯䛔䛃䛂ヲ⣽䜢▱䛳䛶䛛䜙ḟ䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛻㐍䜏䛯䛔䛃䛸䛔
䛳䛯䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾䝇䝍䜲䝹䛻䛒䜟䛫䛯Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶㟂せ
䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛯䠊
4) 䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛃䛻㛵䛧䛶䠈Ꮫ⩦㐍ᤖ䛻䛒䜟䛫
䛶 WBL 䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾䝡䝆䝳䜰䝹䜢ኚ໬䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈᧯స䛻ᑐ
䛧䛶㇏䛛䛺䝺䝇䝫䞁䝇䛜㏉䛳䛶䛟䜛䛃ᴦ䛧䛥䠈䛂⮬ศ䛾⾜Ⅽ䛾
✚䜏㔜䛽䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㐩ᡂឤ䛃䛸䛔䛖ᴦ䛧䛥䜢ఏ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝
䛯䠊
5) 䛂㝶᫬┠ᶆ㑅ᢥᡭἲ䛃䛸䛂㏲ḟ㐩ᡂᗘᥦ♧ᡭἲ䛃䜢⏝䛔
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
஭ୖ᫂ே䠈䇾䝀䞊䝭䝣䜱䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䇿䠈NHK ฟ∧䠈2012
῝⏣ᾈႹ䠈䇾䝋䞊䝅䝱䝹䝀䞊䝮䛿䛺䛬䝝䝬䜛䛾䛛䇿䠈䝋䝣䝖䝞䞁
䜽䜽䝸䜶䜲䝔䜱䝤䠈2002䠊
⏣୰㐩㞝䠖䛂䛂䛚䜒䛶䛺䛧䛃䛾 IT 㠉࿨㻌 䜶䜽䝇䝨䝸䜶䞁䝇䞉䝔䜽䝜
䝻䝆䞊䛜䝡䝆䝛䝇䜢ኚ䛘䜛䛃䠈2010
ᒾ㇂ᚭ䠖䛂䝀䞊䝮䛾䝏䜹䝷䛃䠈ᖹᡂ 19 ᖺᗘ 䝅䝸䜰䝇䝀䞊䝮䛾⌧
≧ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩䠈pp.5-7 䠈2008
䝃䜲䝖䜴䞉䜰䜻䝠䝻:䛂䜽䝷䝸䜸䞁䜹䞊䝘䝡䛂䝇䝮䞊䝇䝘䝡 NX710䛃
㛤Ⓨ䛾஦ᚋ᳨ド-䝀䞊䝮䝙䜽䝇⌮ㄽ䜢ᛂ⏝䛧䛯䝕䝆䝍䝹ᐙ㟁
㛤Ⓨ-䛃䠈᪥ᮏ䝕䝆䝍䝹䝀䞊䝮Ꮫ⏺ 2010 ᖺ኱఍ ண✏㞟,
pp.80-85 䠈2010
⸨ᮏᚭ䠖䛂䝅䝸䜰䝇䝀䞊䝮㻌 ᩍ⫱䞉♫఍䛻ᙺ❧䛴䝕䝆䝍䝹䝀䞊
䝮䛃䠈2007
䝬䞊䜽䞉䝥䝺䞁䝇䜻䞊䠖䛂䝔䝺䝡䝀䞊䝮ᩍ⫱ㄽ 䝬䝬䟿 䝆䝱䝬䛧
䛺䛔䛷䜘 ຮᙉ䛧䛶䜛䜣䛰䛛䜙䛃䠈2007
ᒾ㇂ᚭ䠖䛂ᮾி኱Ꮫ䛂䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁䝀䞊䝮䛾ᩍ⫱┠ⓗ฼⏝䛾䛯䜑
䛾◊✲䛃䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛃䠈ᖹᡂ 19 ᖺᗘ 䝅䝸䜰䝇䝀䞊䝮䛾⌧≧ㄪ
ᰝሗ࿌᭩䠈pp.9-17 䠈2008
䝃䜲䝖䜴䞉䜰䜻䝠䝻 䞉ᑠ㔝᠇ྐ䠖䛂䝙䞁䝔䞁䝗䞊DS 䛜኎䜜䜛⌮⏤
䝀䞊䝮䝙䜽䝇䛷䜲䞁䝍䞊䝣䜵䞊䝇䛜ኚ䜟䜛䛃䠈2007
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.43－52 （2012） 〔論文〕
䝠䝖䛾ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛜↷᫂⎔ቃ䛾ホ౯䜈୚䛘䜛ᙳ㡪
୰㻌 ᓥ㻌 ⍞㻌 Ꮨ*㻌 䞉㻌 ᶓ㻌 ஭㻌 ⪷㻌 ᏹ**㻌 ᒣ㻌 ୰㻌 ᩄ㻌 ṇ**
The Effect to Evaluation of Lighting Environment
by Human Circadian Rhythm
Mizuki NAKAJIMA* , Takahiro YOKOI** and Toshimasa YAMANAKA**
Abstract
We notice relevancies between objective and subjective evaluation from visual or non-visual effect of
light quality on the lighting environment. From moving of the phase in human syntony in a day, how
would be changing impressions of color temperature and positions of lighting. We examine two times a
day. Examinees who have no task are observed by measuring rheometer for subjective evaluation from
light change and by psychological measurement for objective evaluation. In a result there are
differences in subjective evaluations, if objectives are not. These studies show that human circadian
rhythm would take effect to evaluate of lighting environment.
Keywords: Lighting environment, Brain activity, Circadian rhythm, Evaluation.
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
䝠䝖䛿ከ䛟䛾᫬㛫䜢✵㛫䛻ᅖ䜎䜜䛶⏕ά䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈≉䛻✵㛫
䛾༳㇟䛻ᑐ䛧䛶኱䛝䛟ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛↷᫂䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈ග䛾㔞
䛷䛿䛺䛟㉁䛜✵㛫䛾₇ฟᛶ䜢㧗䜑䜛䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭
䛾䛯䜑䠈↷᫂✵㛫䛾ホ౯䜢㐺ษ䛻ィ䜚✵㛫タィ䛾ᣦᶆ䜢స
ᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᛌ㐺䛺⏕ά䛻ᑐ䛧䛶᭷ព⩏䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊䛴
䜎䜚ග䛾㉁䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ホ౯ᡭἲ䛾ᣦᶆ䛾సᡂ䛿䠈ᒣᐙ䛜[1]୍
䛴䛾ග䛛䜙ጞ䜎䜛䛂ᚰᆅ䜘䛔ග䠄䛒䛛䜚䠅䛾䛒䜛ᬽ䜙䛧䛾๰㐀䛃
䛸䛧䛶䛾◊✲䛸䝕䝄䜲䞁䛿䠈⏘ᏛᐁẸ䛜㐃ᦠ䛧䛶Art䠄ⱁ⾡ᛶ䠅
Space䠄✵㛫ᛶ䠅Science & Technology䠄⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䠅䛾どⅬ
䛷䠈」ྜⓗ䛻ᤊ䛘䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜኱ษ䛷䛒䜛䛸ᣦ᦬䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈
௒ᚋ䛾↷᫂✵㛫䝕䝄䜲䞁◊✲䛻䛸䛳䛶䛚䛚䛔䛻᭷⏝䛷䛒
䜛䠊㻌
㻌 䝠䝖䛾┠䛛䜙ධ䛳䛯ග᝟ሗ䛿䠈⬻䛾୰䛷኱䛝䛟䠎㏻䜚䛾᪉ἲ
䛷ฎ⌮䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜂䛸䛴䛿ᙧ䜔Ⰽ䠈ື䛝䛾▱ぬ䛻㛵䛩䜛䜒
䛾䛷䠈⥙⭷䛷ཷ䛡ྲྀ䛳䛯ග䛾᝟ሗ䛜どぬ㔝䛷ฎ⌮䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸
䛷ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䠊䜒䛖䜂䛸䛴䛿⬻䛾どᗋୗ㒊䛻䛒䜛ど஺ཫୖ᰾
䠄SCN䠅䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛యෆ᫬ィ䛺䛹䛷ฎ⌮䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[䠎]䠊䛣䛾䜘
䛖䛺⏕య䛻ෆᅾ䛩䜛SCN䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯ᶵᵓ䛻䜘䛳䛶⏕䛨䜛䠈
⣙24᫬㛫䛾ᵝ䚻䛺⏕య䝸䝈䝮䜢ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛸䛔䛔䠈ᮏ㛫[䠏]䛿
1㻚⏕䜎䜜䛴䛝䛾䝸䝈䝮䛄⏕ᚓᛶ䛅䠈2㻚እ㒊䛛䜙࿘ᮇⓗ䛺䜶䝛䝹
䜼䞊౪⤥䜢ᚲせ䛸䛧䛺䛔䛄⮬ᚊᛶ䛅䠈3㻚䝸䝈䝮࿘ᮇ䛜24᫬㛫
䛛䜙ከᑡ䛪䜜䜛䛄ᴫ᪥ᛶ䛅䠈4㻚እ⏺䛾࿘ᮇᛶ䛻ྠㄪ䛩䜛䛄ྠ
ㄪᛶ䛅䠈௨ୖ䛾4䛴䛾≉ᚩ䜢㏙䜉䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾୰䛷䜒㻠䛾䛄ྠ
ㄪᛶ䛅䛜ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛾୺䛯䜛ᶵ⬟䛷䠈24᫬㛫࿘ᮇ䛾᫨ኪኚ
໬䛻ྠㄪ䛧1᪥䛾᫬้䜔Ꮨ⠇䜢ㄆ㆑䛩䜛䠊䛴䜎䜚䠈ග䛿どぬ
ⓗస⏝䛸㠀どぬస⏝䜢ᣢ䛱䠈どぬⓗస⏝䛸䛿↷ᗘ䜔Ⰽ ᗘ
䛜⬻䛾どぬ㔝䛷ฎ⌮䛥䜜▱ぬ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䠈㠀どぬస⏝
䛸䛿どぬⓗ䛺▱ぬ䜢ᚲせ䛫䛪䠈ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䜈䛾఩┦ㄪ⠇స
⏝䠈䝯䝷䝖䝙䞁ศἪᢚไ䜈స⏝䛩䜛[䠐䌦䠒]䠊㻌 㻌
㻌 ග䛾㠀どぬຠᯝ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾◊✲䛷䛿䠈ே䛾ෆᅉ
ᛶ䛾ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛿25᫬㛫䛷䛒䜚䠈ᮅ䛾ග䛻䜘䛳䛶24᫬㛫䛻䝸
䝉䝑䝖䛥䜜䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧᭱㏆䛻䛺䜚Czeisler䜙㻌
[䠓]䛾ᐇ㦂䛛䜙䠈ෆᅉᛶ䛾ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛿24᫬㛫䜘䜚䜒ᑡ䛧㛗䛔
఩䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖◊✲⤖ᯝ䛜Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛯䠊ᴫ᪥఩┦ኚ໬䜔䝯䝷
䝖䝙䞁ศἪᢚไస⏝䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䠈䛛䛺䜚ᙉ䛔ග䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛
䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈Aoki䜙[䠔]䛾◊✲䛛䜙ᩘⓒ䝹䜽䝇䛾ప䛔
↷ᗘ䛷䜒䝯䝷䝖䝙䞁䛜ᢚไ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻
䛣䜜䜎䛷㠀どぬస⏝䛻ᑐ䛩䜛↷ᗘ䛾ᙳ㡪䛿᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛶
䛔䛯䛜䠈⡿ᅜ䛾Brainard䛸ⱥᅜ䛾Skene䜙䛾2䛴䛾䜾䝹䞊
䝥䛛䜙ග䛾䝇䝨䜽䝖䝹䛻䜒ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜
[9-10]䠈䛥䜙䛻Ⰽ䛾▷Ἴ㛗ග䛿䝯䝷䝖䝙䞁ᢚไ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈యෆ
᫬ィ䛾఩┦ኚ໬䠈ぬ㓰స⏝䠈▖Ꮝ䛾ᑐᢠ཯ᑕ䛻䜒ᙉ䛟స⏝
䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒᫂䜙䛛䛻䛥䜜䛯[11-12]䠊㻌 㻌
㻌 ௨ୖ䛾◊✲ሗ࿌䜢䜅䜎䛘䜜䜀䠈ග䛾㠀どぬస⏝䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈
᪥ᖖⓗ䛻⾜䜟䜜䜛⛬ᗘ䛾ல⣽䛺↷᫂ኚ໬䛷䜒ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶
䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䛩䜛䛸᪤Ꮡ◊✲䛾䜘䛖䛺䠈䛒䜛┠ⓗ
䛷タᐃ䛧䛯↷᫂⎔ቃ䛜䠈ᚰ⌮䠈⏕⌮ⓗ䛻ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜙䜜䛶䛔
䜛䛾䛛ྰ䛛䛸䛔䛖ホ౯䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈㠀どぬຠᯝ䛜どぬຠᯝ䛾
ホ౯䜈୚䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢䠈ᚰ⌮䠈⏕⌮୧ഃ㠃䛛䜙ṇ☜䛻཯ᫎ䛩
䜛䛣䛸䛜ᛌ㐺䛺↷᫂✵㛫䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䠊䛣䛾䛣
䛸䛿᭱㏆䛾↷᫂䛻䛚䛡䜛ホ౯◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈᳃⏣[13]䛜᪥ᮏ
⏕⌮ே㢮Ꮫ఍䛻䛚䛔䛶᫂どᛶ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟⏕⌮ⓗ䛺ග䞉↷᫂
䛾ᙳ㡪䜢䜒⪃៖䛧䛯✵㛫䛾ᛌ㐺ᛶ䜢⪃䛘䜛᪉ྥᛶ䛜㐍䜣䛷
䛝䛶䛔䜛䛸ᣦ᦬䛧䠈ᡞ⏣㻌 [14]䛿ᅜ㝿↷᫂ጤဨ఍㻔CIE㻕䛷䛿⏕
⌮ᣦᶆ䜢⪃៖䛧䛯↷᫂ຠᯝ䛾ᢏ⾡ጤဨ఍䛜Ⓨ㊊䛩䜛䛺䛹ᅜ
㝿ᶆ‽໬䜈䛾ື䛝䛜άⓎ໬䛧䛴䛴䛒䜚䠈㏆䛔ᑗ᮶䠈㠀どぬ
ⓗ䛺స⏝䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒㓄៖䛥䜜䛯↷᫂タィᣦ㔪䛜タഛ䛥䜜䜛
䛸ᣦ᦬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䜒♧၀䛥䜜䜛䠊㻌
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䠈㻭㼐㼢㼍㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻵㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼕㼍㼘㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥
**⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔䠈㼁㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼀㼟㼡㼗㼡㼎㼍㻌㻳㼞㼍㼐㼡㼍㼠㼑㻌㼟㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼛㼒㻌㻯㼛㼙㼜㼞㼑㼔㼑㼚㼟㼕㼢㼑㻌㻴㼡㼙㼍㼚㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑
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中島瑞季
㻌 ග䛾どぬస⏝䠈㠀どぬస⏝୧㠃䛛䜙↷᫂⎔ቃ䛻䛚䛔䛶ග
䛾㉁䛷䛒䜛Ⰽ ᗘ䛾ホ౯䜢⾜䛳䛯ᐇ㦂䛸䛧䛶䠈ᇉ㘥䜙㻌 [15]䛾
ዲ䜏䛾Ⰽ ᗘ䛾Ꮨ⠇ᕪ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ሗ࿌䛜䛒䜛䠊500lxෆ䛷
7500k䛸3000k䛾2᮲௳䛷䠈୺ほホ౯䛸䛧䛶 ෭ឤ䠈ᛌ㐺ឤ䠈
ⴠ䛱╔䛝ឤ䠈᫂䜛䛥ឤ䜢ホ౯䛧䠈⏕⌮ホ౯䛸䛧䛶⾑ᅽ䜢 ᐃ
䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䜢᫓ᮇ䛸⛅ᮇ䛷ẚ㍑䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊⤖ᯝ䛿䠈୺
ほホ౯䛾ᛌ㐺ឤ䛿䠈᫓ᮇ䛷䛿᫂䜛䛥ឤ䜢཯ᫎ䛧⛅ᮇ䛷䛿 ෭ឤ䜢཯ᫎ䛧䠈⏕⌮ィ 䛷䛿⛅ᮇ䛿7500k䛷 ⇕่⃭䛻ᑐ
䛩䜛⏕⌮཯ᛂ䛜ẚ㍑ⓗ኱䛝䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈᮲௳䛻䜘䜚⾑ᅽኚື
䛜䛒䜛ᣦᶆ䛻㐪䛔䛜ぢ䜙䜜䠈ᚰ⌮཯ᛂ䜢⿬௜䛡䜛䜒䛾䛸䛺䛳
䛯䛸ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈1䛴䛾่⃭䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᚰ⌮ホ౯䛿䠈ᴫ
᪥䝸䝈䝮䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡ኚ໬䛧䠈ᐈほホ౯䛿䛭䛾䛣䛸䜢⿬௜䛡
䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢♧၀䛩䜛䠊䛴䜎䜚䠈↷᫂⎔ቃ䛾༳㇟䜢
ホ౯䛩䜛䛾䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛯≧ែ䜢๓
ᥦ䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊䛩䛺䜟䛱㠀どぬຠᯝ䜢
ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛≧ែ䛾どぬຠᯝ䜢ホ౯ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᴫ᪥䝸䝈
䝮䛜↷᫂⎔ቃ䜈䛾ே䛾ホ౯䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛
䛾䛛᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿
๓㏙䛾䜘䛖䛻ᚰ⌮䠈⏕⌮ⓗ䛻ཷ䛡ධ䜜䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛ྰ䛛䛸
䛔䛖ホ౯䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ᚰ⌮ᣦᶆ䛸⏕⌮ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䛯ホ౯⤖ᯝ
䛾㛵ಀᛶ䛻╔┠䛩䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈㠀どぬຠᯝ䛸䛧䛶䛾ே䛾
ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛜どぬຠᯝ䛸䛧䛶䛾↷᫂䛾Ⰽ ᗘ䜈䛾ホ౯䛻䛒
䛯䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢䠈୺ほホ౯䛸䛧䛶䛾ᚰ⌮ホ౯䛸䠈ᐈほⓗホ౯䛸
䛧䛶䛾⏕⌮ィ ホ౯୧㠃䛛䜙᳨ウ䛧ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㠀どぬ
ຠᯝ䛸どぬຠᯝ䛜↷᫂⎔ቃホ౯䛻୚䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛾㛵ಀᛶ䜢
᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䠈ホ౯ᡭἲ䛾ᐇ⏝໬䜈䛾ᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢
┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛䠊㻌
㻌
2. ᐇ㦂
2.1. ┠ⓗ
㻌 ᮏᐇ㦂䛿䠈1᪥䛾୰䛷㠀どぬຠᯝ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䠈ᴫ᪥䝸䝈
䝮䛾ྠㄪᛶ䛾఩┦䛜ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䠈↷᫂䛾どぬⓗຠᯝ䛷
䛒䜛Ⰽ ᗘ䛸↷ᑕ఩⨨䛻ᑐ䛩䜛༳㇟䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛䛾䛛䠈
ྠ᪥䛾ᮅ10᫬䛸ኤ᪉18᫬䛻2ᅇᐇ㦂䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䠈୺ほホ౯䛸
䛧䛶䛾䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖䛸ᐈほホ౯䛸䛧䛶䛾⬻⾑ὶィ 䜢౑⏝䛧䛯
ホ౯୧㠃䛛䜙᳨ウ䜢⾜䛖䠊㻌
㻌
2.2. ᪉ἲ
㻌 䛥䜙䛻ே䛾⾜ື≉ᛶ䛾ᕪ␗䠈䛔䜟䜖䜛ᮅ᪉㻙ኪᆺ䛾ಶேᕪ
䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䠈䛭䛾ᙳ㡪䛿1-5᫬㛫㐜䜜䛶㡬Ⅼ఩┦䛜⌧䜜䜛䛸
ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏ᮶䛷䛒䜜䜀ᮅ᪉㻙ኪᆺ䛾ุู䛻䛿῝㒊య
䝸䝈䝮䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜔⤊᪥䝫䝸䜾䝷䝣䜱䝔䜱グ㘓䜢⏝䛔䛶
╧╀㻙ぬ㓰䝸䝈䝮䜢ㄪ䜉䜛䛣䛸䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䛣䛾᪉ἲ
䛿ᐜ᫆䛻⾜䛘䜛䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䛭䛣䛷㉁ၥ⣬⚊䜢⏝䛔䛶⡆
౽䛛䛴㎿㏿䛻ุู䛩䜛ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛜
Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire䠄ᮅ᪉㻙ኪᆺ
㉁ၥ⣬䠖MEQ䠅䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾◊✲䛛䜙㉁ၥ⣬䛻䜘䛳䛶
㑅䜀䜜䛯ᮅ᪉㻙ኪᆺ⿕㦂⪅䛷䛿⏕⌮ᶵ⬟䛜♧䛩ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮
఩┦䛜␗䛺䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊௨ୖ䛾㓄៖䜢⾜䛔ྠㄪᛶ
䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛ᣦᶆ䛸䛧⤫ไ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊㻌
㻌 MEQ䛿᪥ᖖ䛾᫬㛫䛾౑䛔᪉䠈╧╀䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᒓᛶ䠈㉳ᗋᚋ
䛾Ẽศ䠈㝈ᐃ䛥䜜䛯᫬㛫ᖏ䛻䛚䛡䜛⾜ື≉ᛶ➼䜢㑅ᢥ⫥䛛
䜙㑅䜃ᅇ⟅䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䜒䛾䛷䠈඲19㡯┠䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᚓⅬ⠊ᅖ䛿16-86Ⅼ䛷䠈ྜィⅬᩘ䛜㧗䛔䜋䛹ᮅ᪉䛾䝸䝈䝮
䜢ᣢ䛴䛸ุ᩿䛩䜛䠊ุᐃ䛿᫂䜙䛛䛺ᮅ᪉䠄70-86Ⅼ䠅㐺ᗘ䛺
ᮅ᪉䠄56-69Ⅼ䠅୰㛫ᆺ䠄45-58Ⅼ䠅㐺ᗘ䛺ኪᆺ䠄31-41Ⅼ䠅᫂
䜙䛛䛺ኪᆺ䠄16-30Ⅼ䠅䛾䠑䛴䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䛻ศ䛡䜙䜜䜛[18-20]䠊
⤖ᯝ䛿㐺ᗘ䛺ᮅ᪉1ྡ䠈୰㛫ᆺ11ྡ䠈㐺ᗘ䛺ኪᆺ4ྡ䠈᫂䜙
䛛䛺ኪᆺ2ྡ䛻ศ㢮䛥䜜䛯䠊㻌
㻌 య ᐃ䛿䝔䝹䝰䛾㟁Ꮚయ ィC231䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊ィ ᪉
ἲ䛿䜘䜚ṇ☜䛺య 䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛯䜑ண ᘧ䛷䛿䛺䛟ᐇ ᘧ
䛷10ศ⛬ᗘ䛾᫬㛫䜢䛛䛡䛯䠊እⓗ䛺ᙳ㡪䜢⪃៖䛧䠈ᐊ 25
ᗘ䛾ᐇ㦂᥍䛘ᐊ䛷䠑ศ⛬ᗘᏳ㟼䛻╔ᖍ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛳䛯ᚋィ 䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛯䠊⤖ᯝ䛿m2䠈m5䠈m6䠈m7௨እ䛿఩┦䛾ኚ໬䛜
☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛯䠊m2䠈m6䠈m7䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿MEQ䛻䛚䛔䛶ኪᆺ䛷
䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖⤖ᯝ䛜ฟ䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑఩┦䛾㡬Ⅼ䛾䛪䜜䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜
䜛䠊m5䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿㢼㑧䜢ᘬ䛔䛶䛔䜛䛸䛾⮬ᕫ⏦࿌䜢䛖䛡䛶䛔
䜛䛯䜑యㄪ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡఩┦䛾ኚ໬䜢☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊
䠄⾲1䠅㻌
㻌
⾲ 1㻌 ⿕㦂⪅᝟ሗ
2.2.1.㻌 ⿕㦂⪅
㻌 ᮏᐇ㦂䛿⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ䞉ே㛫⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉◊✲೔⌮ጤဨ
఍䛻䛚䛔䛶ᢎㄆ䜢ᚓ䛶⾜䜟䜜䠈⿕㦂⪅䛻䛿◊✲䛾ᴫせ䠈䝕
䞊䝍䛾ᢅ䛔䛻䛴䛔䛶⌮ゎ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛔䠈ྠព䜢ᚓ䛯ୖ䛷ᐇ㦂䜢
⾜䛳䛯䠊⿕㦂⪅䛿⏨ᛶ10ྡ䠈ዪᛶ8ྡ䠈ィ18ྡ䠈ᖹᆒᖺ㱋
23.6ṓ䛷඲ဨྑ฼䛝䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯䠊᪤Ꮡ◊✲䜘䜚䠈
ゎᯒ䛻ᚲせ䛺ேᩘ䜢‶䛯䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊㻌
㻌
2.2.2.㻌 ⿕㦂⪅䛾఩┦ኚ໬䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㓄៖
㻌 ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛻䛚䛡䜛ྠㄪᛶ䛾ᐇ㦂䛿䠈䝠䝖䛾఩┦ኚ໬䛜♧
䛥䜜䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜚䠈䛭䛾ᣦᶆ䛸䛧䛶య 䛸ᚰᢿ䛜䛒䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊
ᰗᮏ䜙[16]䛿䜘䜋䛹䛾⎔ቃኚ໬䛜㉳䛝䛺䛔㝈䜚ᮏ㉁ⓗ䛻ᔂ䜜
䛺䛔ྠㄪᛶ䛸䛧䛶య 䛸ᚰᢿ䜢䛒䛢䠈௚䛾⬟ຊ䛸ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮
䛾㛵ಀ䜢᥈䜛┠Ᏻ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸ᣦ᦬䛧䠈ᗈ㔜[17]䛿䠈య 䝸
䝈䝮䛿⢭⚄άື䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛜ヲ⣽䛛䛴ໃຊⓗ䛻ᒎ㛤䛥䜜䠈య
䛿㉳ᗋ᫬ᩘ᫬㛫๓䛻᭱ప 䛸䛺䜚௨ᚋḟ➨䛻ୖ᪼䛧䛶ኤ
᪉䛻᭱㧗 䜢♧䛩ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䛝䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛶
䛔䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊௨ୖ䜘䜚ᮏᐇ㦂䛷䛿య 䜢ᐇ㦂ẖ䛻ィ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷⿕㦂⪅䛾ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛾఩┦䛜ື䛔䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢☜
ㄆ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌
㻌
㻌
2.2.3.㻌 ᐇ㦂่⃭
㻌 ௒ᅇ䛾ᐇ㦂䛷䛿ᐇ⏕ά䛻䛚䛡䜛↷᫂⎔ቃ䝕䝄䜲䞁䛻ᑐ䛧
䛶䛾ホ౯᪉ἲ䛾᳨ウ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈⿕㦂⪅䛻䛸䛳䛶᪥ᖖ⏕ά
䜢๓ᥦ䛸䛧䠈ぢ័䜜䛯ග※䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ホ౯䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯
䜑Ⰽ ᗘ䛿↷᫂Ꮫ఍䛾ఫᏯ↷᫂タィᢏ⾡ᣦ㔪䛻䜘䜚䠈ᬮ
㻔3,300K௨ୗ㻕䠈୰㛫㻔3,300Kࠥ5,300K㻕䠈ᾴ㻔5,300K௨ୖ㻕
䛾3䛴䛾䜾䝹䞊䝥䛻ศ䛡䜙䜜[21]䠈㡰䛻㟁⌫Ⰽ䠈᫨ⓑⰍ䠈᫨
ගⰍ䛸䜒࿧䜀䜜䜛ศ㢮䛻䛺䜙䛳䛶䠈㟁⌫Ⰽ䠈᫨ⓑⰍ䛾䠎✀㢮
䜢౑⏝䛧䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻↷᫂䛾ᖹᆒ₇Ⰽホ౯ᩘ㻔Ra㻕䛿80௨ୖ䛜
ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊௨ୖ䜢㋃䜎䛘䠈ග่⃭䛿せ௳䜢‶䛯
䛩ᮾⰪ䝷䜲䝔䝑䜽ᰴᘧ఍♫䛾䝛䜸䝪䞊䝹Z䝸䜰䝹䠈㟁⌫ᆺ⺯
ගⅉ䜢౑⏝䛧䛯䠊㻌
ヒトの概日リズムが照明環境の評価へ与える影響
㻌 㟁⌫Ⰽ䛾ᖹᆒ₇ฟホ౯ᩘ䛿83Ra䠈ගᗘ䛿59cd䠈ග᮰䛿
810lm䠊᫨ⓑⰍ䛾ᖹᆒ₇ฟホ౯ᩘ䛿83Ra䠈ගᗘ䛿53cd䠈
ග᮰䛿73lm䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䠄ᅗ1,2䠅㻌
㻌
ᅗ 1㻌 ᫨ⓑⰍ
45
2.2.4.㻌 ᐇ㦂⎔ቃ
㻌 ᐇ㦂⎔ቃ䛿䠈⿕㦂⪅䛜࿘ᅖ䛾⎔ቃ䜘䜚≉ᐃ䛾ព࿡䛵䛡䜢
ឤ䛨䛺䛔䜘䛖䛻╔ᖍ䛧䛯㝿䛻✵㛫䛸䛾㛵ಀᛶ䜢ᙅ䜑䜛䛣䛸䠈↷
ᑕゅᗘ䛜ኚ໬䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜚䜔䛩䛔䛣䛸䠈௨ୖ䜢㓄៖䛧䠈ቨ
㠃䜢ⓑᆅ䛾↓ᆅ䛻䛧䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻⿕㦂⪅䛾⏕⌮ⓗ㈇Ⲵ䜢ῶ䛨䜛
䛯䜑䛻↓㡢䛻㏆䛔≧ែ䛸䛧䠈⮬↛䛺యໃ䛷᳔Ꮚ䛻╔ᗙ䛧䛶
✵㛫䛻ග䛜↷ᑕ䛥䜜䜛ᵝᏊ䜢ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛యໃ䛷⾜䛳䛯䠊
䠄ᅗ㻡䠅ᐇ㦂ᐊෆ䛾 ᗘ䛿25Υ䠈‵ᗘ䛿50%䛻タᐃ䛧䛯䠊Ⰽ
ᙬ↷ᗘィ䝁䝙䜹䝭䝜䝹䝍CL200A䜢౑⏝䛧䠈ィ 䛧䛯ྛ่⃭
ෆ䛷䛾↷ᗘ䛸┦㛵Ⰽ ᗘ䜢ୗグ䛾⾲䛻♧䛩䠊䠄⾲㻞䠅㻌
㻌
ᅗ 2㻌 㟁⌫Ⰽ
㻌
㻌 䛥䜙䛻ග※䜢┤᥋ぢ䜛䜘䛖䛺่⃭䛛䜙䛿ග䛾䜾䝺䜰䜘䜚୙ᛌ
ឤ䜢ឤ䛨䜛ᜍ䜜䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑ஙⓑⰍ䛾䜹䝞䞊䜢⿦╔䛧䠈
↷ᗘ䛾ᴟ➃䛺ᕪ䛛䜙୙ᛌឤ䜢୚䛘䛺䛔䜘䛖㓄៖䛧䛯䠊่⃭䛾
ග※䛿ᆶ┤᪉ྥ50cmẖ䠈䠑䛴タ⨨䛧䛯䠊䠄ᅗ㻟㻘㻠䠅㻌
㻌
ᅗ 5㻌 ᐇ㦂ᐊෆ⎔ቃ
⾲ 2㻌 ྛ่⃭䛻䛚䛡䜛↷ᗘ䛸┦㛵Ⰽ ᗘ
ᅗ 3㻌 ่⃭ᥦ♧౛
㻌
2.2.5.㻌 ᐈほホ౯
ᅗ 4㻌 ่⃭䛾㓄⨨㛵ಀ䛸ྡ⛠
㻌 ᮏᐇ㦂䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛛䛴ᩘ್ⓗ䛻ே䜈䛾ᚰ⌮ⓗ䛚
䜘䜃⏕⌮ⓗᙳ㡪䛻㛵䛩䜛䝕䞊䝍䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛥
䜙䛻ᮏᐇ㦂䛾┠ⓗ䛿䠈㠀どぬຠᯝ䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛୰䛷どぬຠ
ᯝ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈㠀どぬຠᯝ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢┤᥋ホ
౯䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈どぬຠᯝ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱䝠䝖䛜
ග䛾㉁䜢ホ౯䛧䛶䛔䜛≧ែ䜢ᐈほホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䠊
䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿⬻άື䜢ィ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜᭱㐺䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊㻌
㻌 ⬻άືィ 䛾௦⾲ⓗ䛺㠀౵く䛾⏕⌮ᣦᶆ䛾୰䛷䠈⬻ᶵ
⬟䜲䝯䞊䝆䞁䜾䛿⏕䛝䛯≧ែ䛾⬻άື䜢እ㒊䛛䜙ほᐹ䛷䛝䜛
䛣䛸䛜኱䛝䛺≉ᚩ䛷䛒䜛[22]䠊䛭䛾ከ䛟䛿Ᏻ඲䛺᳨ᰝ䛸䛧䛶䛩
䛷䛻᏶ᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠊ே䛾᝟ື཯ᛂ䛾⌮ゎ䛻㠀ᖖ䛻᭷⏝䛷
䛒䜛䠊㏆㉥እ⥺ศගἲ䠄Near Infrared Spectroscopy:
46
中島瑞季
NIRS䠅䛿᭱ᑠ20mm䛾✵㛫ศゎ⬟䠈200sec௨ୗ䛾᫬㛫ศ
ゎ⬟䛷㢌⓶⾲㠃䛛䜙20mm䛾῝䛥䜢ィ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷
䛒䜛[23]䠊㏆㉥እ⥺䛿⏕య䜈䛾㏱㐣⋡䛜㧗䛟䠈⾑ᾮ୰䛻ྵ䜎
䜜䜛䝦䝰䜾䝻䝡䞁ศᏊ䛻䛿㏆㉥እ⥺䜢䜘䛟྾཰䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖ᛶ
㉁䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑㏆㉥እ⥺䛾྾཰ᗘྜ䛔䛛䜙䝦䝰䜾䝻䝡䞁
⃰ᗘ䛾ኚ໬䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊⬻⾑ὶ㔞䛾ኚ໬
䛿ᐇ㝿䛻᝟ሗ䜢ฎ⌮䛧䛶䛔䜛⚄⤒άື䛾䛒䜙䜟䜜䛷䛿䛺䛔
䛜䠈⚄⤒άື䛜䛚䛣䛳䛯㡿ᇦ䛻䛚䛔䛶⚄⤒άື䛻ᚲせ䛺䜶
䝛䝹䜼䞊䜢౪⤥䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᒁᡤⓗ䛻㓟⣲ᾘ㈝㔞䛜ቑ䛘䠈㓟
⣲䛾⿵඘䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䛻⾑⟶䛾ᣑᙇ䛜䛚䛣䜚䠈⾑ὶ㔞䛜ቑຍ
䛩䜛䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ≉ᐃ䛾㡿ᇦ䛻䛚䛔䛶㓟⣲໬䝦䝰䜾䝻䝡䞁⃰
ᗘ䛜ୖ䛜䜛䠊䛣䛾ᣦᶆ䜢฼⏝䛧䛶኱⬻⓶㉁䛻䛒䜛ᵝ䚻䛺⬻
ᶵ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠈▱ぬ䠈㐠ື䠈ゝㄒ䠈グ᠈䠈ㄆ▱䠈ᛮ⪃䠈ᐇ⾜ᶵ
⬟䛺䛹䛾ാ䛝䜢᥎ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊௨ୖ䛾⌮⏤䛛䜙NIRS
⿦⨨䜢౑⏝䛧⬻⾑ὶኚ໬䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷⬻䛾ാ䛝䜢ほᐹ
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛㻌 [24-25]䠊௨ୖ䜘䜚䠈ᮏᐇ㦂䛻䛚䛔䛶
䛿NIRS䜢౑⏝䛧⬻⾑ὶ䜢ィ 䛧ᐈほホ౯䛸䛩䜛䠊㻌
㻌
2.2.6.㻌 ⬻⾑ὶィ 㻌 NIRS䛾㛗ᡤ䛿䠈ᵓ㐀䛜ᑠつᶍ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䠈᫬㛫ศゎ⬟䛜
㧗䛔䛣䛸䠈⿕㦂⪅䛾ᣊ᮰ᛶ䛜ప䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙ᐇ⎔ቃ䛻㏆䛔≧ែ
䛻䛚䛔䛶⬻άື䛾ィ 䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊䛧䛛
䛧▷ᡤ䛸䛧䛶ග㊰㛗䛾ၥ㢟䛸䛧䛶䠈⬻䛾άື䜢ィ 䛩䜛㝿䛻
⓶⭵䠈➽䛾⾑ὶ䛾ኚ໬䜢⬻⾑ὶ䛾ኚ໬䛸䛧䛶 ᐃ䛧䛶䛧䜎䛖
ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䛾▷ᡤ䜢㑊䛡䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈ᐇ㦂᮲௳タ
ᐃ䛾㝿䛻䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛸䛧䛶ᐇ㦂᮲௳䛸≀⌮ືస䛜ྠᵝ䛷䠈
ᚰ⌮ⓗ䛺ᙳ㡪䛾䜏䛜㐪䛖᮲௳䜢タᐃ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊⏣㎶
䜙[22]䛿⬻⾑ὶ䛾ኚ໬䛻䛿⎔ቃ䛾䜋䛛ᐇ᪋䛩䜛⢭⚄㞟୰ㄢ
㢟䜈䛾័䜜䜒⤖ᯝ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䠈䛹䛱䜙䛜
ᙉ䛟ᙳ㡪䜢䛒䛯䛘䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䛿⿕㦂⪅䛾⤒㦂䛾ಶேᕪ䛻䜘
䜛䛸ᣦ᦬䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䜢㋃䜎䛘䛶䜒≉ᐃ䛾䝍䝇䜽䛻ᚑ஦䛧䛺
䛔䛣䛸䛜↷᫂⎔ቃ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛༳㇟䛾ホ౯䛻䛿ᚲせ䛺䛾䛷䛿䛺
䛔䛛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻่⃭䛾ᛴ⃭䛺༳㇟䛾ኚ໬䜢㑊䛡䜛䠈ᚰ
⌮ⓗ䛻ᙉ䛔䝥䝺䝑䝅䝱䞊䛜䛛䛛䜚⯆ዧ䠈⥭ᙇ䛧䛺䛔䜘䛖䛻䛩
䜛䠈Ⓨờ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢㓄៖䛩䜛䛯䜑㛗᫬㛫䛾ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䜟䛺䛔➼
㓄៖䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚▷ᡤ䜢⿵䛖䜒䛾䛸䛩䜛䠊㻌
㻌 ィ 䛻䛿᪥❧䝯䝕䜱䝁〇䛾ETG-4000䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊ィ 䛿ᅜ
㝿10/20ἲ䛻ᇶ䛵䛝䠈Fz㒊䜢୰ᚰ䛻3×4䛾䝥䝻䞊䝤䜢⏝䛔
ᕥྑ2䜹ᡤ䠈24䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䜢グ㘓䛧䛯䠊䝥䝻䞊䝤䛾ィ 㛫䛿
3䟛䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏᐇ㦂䛿⿕㦂⪅䛾᝟ື䛾ኚ໬䜢ィ 䛧䛶䛔䜛䛯
䜑䠈⬻⾑ὶ䛾ィ ఩⨨䛿㧗ḟ䛺άື䜢ྖ䛳䛶䛔䜛๓㢌㐃ྜ
㔝䛸䛧䛯䠊㻔ᅗ㻢㻕㻌
㻌
2.2.7.㻌 ୺ほホ౯
㻌 ୺ほホ౯䛿䠈⬻⾑ὶ䜢ィ 䛧䛺䛜䜙่⃭䛾ኚ໬䜢ᐇ㦂ᐊ
ෆ䛷ほᐹ䛧䛯ᚋ䛻⾜䛳䛯䠊⬻⾑ὶィ 䜈䛾㓄៖䛸䛧䛶䠈๓㏙
䛾㏻䜚≉ᐃ䛾䝍䝇䜽䛻ᚑ஦䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ᑐ㇟䜢䛯䛰ほᐹ
䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䛣䛸䛜䛒䛢䜙䜜䜛䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑
ィ ⤊஢ᚋ䛻ᐇ㦂ᐊ䜢ฟ䛯䛸䛣䜝䛷ཱྀ㢌䛻䜘䜚㉁ၥ䛧䛯䠊ඛ
ධほ䜢䜒䛳䛶่⃭䜢ほᐹ䛧䛺䛔䜘䛖䛻䠈⬻⾑ὶィ ๓䛻⿕㦂
⪅䛻ᑐ䛧䛶⤊஢ᚋ䛻่⃭䜢ホ౯䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖᪨䛿ఏ䛘䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊
䛭䛾䛯䜑୺ほホ౯䛻⣽䛛䛔タᐃ䜢ධ䜜䜛䛸෌⌧䛜㞴䛧䛔䛣
䛸䠈䛥䜙䛻䛣䛾◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿่⃭䛾⣽䛛䛔༳㇟䜢ィ 䛩䜛
䛣䛸䛜┠ⓗ䛷䛿䛺䛔䛯䜑῝䛟⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟ᅇ⟅䛷䛝䜛䠈䛂୍
␒ዲ䛝䛺่⃭䛃䛂୍␒᎘䛔䛺่⃭䛃䛾2䛴䜢㉁ၥ㡯┠䛸䛧䛯䠊
⿕㦂⪅䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾㉁ၥ㡯┠䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ヱᙜ䛩䜛่⃭䛾఩
⨨䛸Ⰽ ᗘ䜢⏦࿌䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䛜䠈஦๓ᐇ㦂䛻䛚䛔䛶↷᫂䛜䠑
ẁ㝵䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢ṇ☜䛻⏦࿌䛷䛝䜛⿕㦂⪅䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䠈ୖ䛛୰ኸ
䛛ୗ䛷ᅇ⟅䛩䜛⿕㦂⪅䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑୺ほホ౯䛻䛚
䛔䛶䛾↷ᑕ఩⨨䛿ୗグ䛾ᅗ䛾䜘䛖䛻タᐃ䛧䠈䠄ᅗ䠓䠅3ẁ㝵䛾
↷ᑕ఩⨨䛸䠈2✀㢮䛾Ⰽ ᗘ䛛䜙䠈ୖグ䛾2✀㢮䛾㉁ၥ㡯┠
䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᅇ⟅䜢ᚓ䛯䠊㻌
㻌
ᅗ 7㻌 ่⃭䛾ྡ⛠タᐃ㻌
㻌
2.2.8.㻌 䝅䞊䜿䞁䝇
㻌 ᐇ㦂䛿௨ୗ䛾ᡭ㡰䛷⾜䜟䜜䛯䠊㻌
่⃭࿊♧䛾䝅䞊䜿䞁䝇䛿ᅗ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛䠊䠄ᅗ㻤䠅㻌
㻝㻚 ⿕㦂⪅䛿ᡤᐃ䛾఩⨨䛻╔ᖍ䛩䜛㻌
㻞㻚 ᐇ㦂ᐇ᪋⪅䜘䜚่⃭䛾ㄝ᫂䠈ᐇ㦂䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ㄝ᫂䜢䛖䛡䜛㻌
㻟㻚 ⿕㦂⪅䛻ග䝖䝫䜾䝷䝣䜱䞊䛾䝥䝻䞊䝤䜢⿦╔ᚋᐇ㦂ᐊ䛾ᡬ
䜢㛢䜑ᾘⅉ㻌
㻠㻚 ⿕㦂⪅䛿Ᏻ㟼㛢║60⛊ᚋ㛤║䛧䠈ᐊෆ✵㛫䜢ぢ䜛㻌
㻡㻚 60⛊䛾่⃭ᥦ♧㽢่⃭ᩘ⾜䛖㻌
㻢㻚 ᐇ㦂ᐊ䛾ᡬ䜢㛤䛡䠈Ⅼⅉᚋ䝥䝻䞊䝤䜢እ䛧ᐇ㦂⤊஢㻌
䈜ᮅኤ䛾2ᅇィ 䜢⾜䛖䠊㻌
䛺䛚่⃭䛿ᥦ♧㡰ᗎ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛺䛔䜘䛖䠈⿕㦂⪅䛤䛸䛻㻌
␗䛺䜛䜘䛖㓄៖䛩䜛䠊㻌
㻌
㻌
ᅗ 6㻌 䝥䝻䞊䝤䛾㓄⨨㻌
ᅗ 8㻌 ᐇ㦂䛾䝅䞊䜿䞁䝇㻌
ヒトの概日リズムが照明環境の評価へ与える影響
2.3. ⤖ᯝ
2.3.1㻌 ୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ
඲18⿕㦂⪅䛾୺ほホ౯䛾⤖ᯝ䛿௨ୗ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛䠊䠄⾲䠏䠅
඲ᅇ⟅䜢㏻䛧䛶䠈㟁⌫Ⰽ䛜䜘䜚ዲ䜎䜜䜛ഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟
䛛䜛䠊ᮅዲ䛝䛾ᅇ⟅䛿1ྡ䜢㝖䛝㟁⌫Ⰽ䛷䛒䜚䠈䛭䛾୰䛷䜒rl
䛾ᅇ⟅䛜ከ䛟ぢ䜙䜜䜛䠊ኤዲ䛝䛾ᅇ⟅䛿ᮅ䛻䛿᫨ⓑⰍ䜢ዲ
䛝䛸ᅇ⟅䛧䛯⿕㦂⪅䛜1ྡ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜4ྡ䛻ቑຍ䛩䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻
↷ᑕ఩⨨䛻㛵䛧䛶䜒ኚື䛻䜀䜙䛴䛝䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊᎘䛔䛾ᅇ
⟅䛿ᮅኪඹ䛻᫨ⓑⰍ䛻ከ䛟䠈↷ᑕ఩⨨䛾ኚື䜒䜋䜌↓䛔䠊㻌
㻌
⾲ 3㻌 ୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ
y
y
y
y
㻌
2.3.2㻌 ᐈほホ౯⤖ᯝ
㻌
㻌 ඲18⿕㦂⪅䛛䜙඲8่⃭ศ䛾ᮅኤ䛾⬻⾑ὶኚ໬䛾䝕䞊䝍
䜢ྲྀᚓ䛧䛯䠊ETG-4000䛻䜘䜚㏆㉥እ⥺䛾཯ᑕ䛜୙༑ศ䛸䛥
䜜䛯䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䠈యື䛻䜘䜚䜰䞊䝏䝣䜯䜽䝖䛜ΰධ䛧䛯䛸ぢ䜙
䜜䜛䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䠈䛿䛪䜜್䜢ྵ䜐䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䜢ゎᯒᑐ㇟እ䛸
䛧䛯䠊ゎᯒᑐ㇟እ䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䛿௨ୗ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛䠊㻔⾲䠐㻕㻌
㻌
⾲ 4㻌 ゎᯒᑐ㇟እ ch
47
䛯䛛䛜↷ᑕ఩⨨䛸䛺䜚ィ ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜛䛯䜑䠈w䠏r䠏䛜䛭䜜
䛮䜜䛾่⃭䛾᭱ึ䛻௜䛟䠊w䠏r䠏่⃭䛜࿊♧䛥䜜䜛๓䠈
10⛊㛫䜢ᖹᆒ್䛸䛧䝧䞊䝇䝷䜲䞁⿵ṇ䜢ETG-4000ෆ䝋
䝣䝖䛷⾜䛳䛯䠊㻔ᅗ䠕㻕㻌
oxyHb 䛿⿕㦂⪅ෆ䛾┦ᑐⓗ䛺್䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈⿕㦂⪅㛫
䛷䛾ẚ㍑䛜୙ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚ẚ㍑ྍ⬟䛺 Z ್䛻ኚ᥮䛥䜜䛯
oxyHb䠄Z-oxyHb䠅䛻䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝕䞊䝍
䜢ྛ䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䛷ᖹᆒ䛜 0䠈ᶆ‽೫ᕪ䛜䠍䛻䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺
䜛䜘䛖䛻ồ䜑䛯䠊
ୖグฎ⌮䜢⾜䛳䛯 w䠏䠈r䠏䛾ᖹᆒ್䛸ᙜヱ่⃭䛾ᖹᆒ್
䛾ᕪศ䜢ྛ่⃭䛻䜘䜛ኚ໬㔞䛸ᐃ⩏䛧䛯䠊
ྛ่⃭ᥦ♧᫬㛫ෆ䛾RAW䝕䞊䝍䛾䜾䝷䝣䛜30⛊䛷䝖䝺
䞁䝗䛾ኚ໬䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛㡯┠䛜ከᩘ䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈่⃭ᥦ♧
㛤ጞ0⛊䛛䜙⤊஢䜎䛷䛾60⛊䠈㻜⛊䛛䜙30⛊䠈30⛊䛛䜙
60⛊䜎䛷䛾3䝟䝍䞊䞁䛷ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊㻌
ィ ᫬้䠈୺ほホ౯䛾⤖ᯝẖ䛻ྛ่⃭䜢せᅉ䛸䛧䛶䠈่
⃭ᥦ♧᫬㛫䛻䛚䛡䜛ྛch䛾Z-oxyHb䛾ᖹᆒ䛾ᕪ䛜⤫ィ
ⓗ䛻᭷ព䛷䛒䜛䛛䠑䝟䞊䝉䞁䝖Ỉ‽䛷ከኚ㔞䛾ศᩓศᯒ
䜢⾜䛔䠈่⃭䠈ィ ᫬้䠈୺ほホ౯䛾ᕪ䛜⬻⾑ὶኚ໬
䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊ẚ㍑ᑐ㇟䛿඲䠍䠔⿕㦂
⪅䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᮅኤ䛾ィ ⤖ᯝ䛸䠈୺ほホ౯䛾⤖ᯝ䛛䜙ᮅ
ኤ䛾୺ほホ౯䛾⤖ᯝ䛜ዲ䛝᎘䛔୧᪉ኚ໬䛧䛺䛔⩌䠄nc
⩌䠅䠈ዲ䛝䛰䛡ኚ໬䛧䛯⩌(c⩌)䛾ᮅኤ䛾ィ ⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䠊
ヲ⣽䛿ୗ䛻グ䛩䠊㻌
䖂඲18⿕㦂⪅
-ᮅኤ஧ᅇศ䛾ィ ⤖ᯝ
--ẚ㍑ᑐ
Ⰽ ᗘ䠄Color = r,w䠅/఩⨨䠄Height = 1,2,4,5䠅/᫬㛫
䠄Time = m,e䠅/
ග่⃭䠄Light =r1,r2,r4,r5,w1,w2,w4,w5䠅
-ᮅ䛾ィ ⤖ᯝ䠈ኤ䛾ィ ⤖ᯝ
--ẚ㍑ᑐ
Ⰽ ᗘ/఩⨨/ග่⃭
䖂⩌ศ䛡䛧䛯⿕㦂⪅䠄c⩌䠙ᮅኤ䛾୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ䛜ኚ໬
䛧䛺䛔䠈nc⩌䠙ᮅኤ䛷᎘䛔䛾୺ほホ౯䛾䜏ኚ໬䛩䜛䠅
-ᮅኤ஧ᅇศ䛾ィ ⤖ᯝ
--ẚ㍑ᑐ
Ⰽ ᗘ/఩⨨/᫬㛫/ග่⃭
㻌
2.3.3㻌 ⬻⾑ὶィ 䝕䞊䝍䛾ゎᯒᡭ㡰
㻌
㻌 NIRS⿦⨨䛻䜘䛳䛶ィ 䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䜢௨ୗ䛾ᡭ㡰䛷ゎᯒ䜢
⾜䛳䛯䠊㻌
㻌
y NIRS䛻䜘䛳䛶ィ 䛷䛝䜛䝕䞊䝍䛻䛿㓟⣲໬䝦䝰䜾䝻䝡
䞁ኚ໬㔞䠄oxyHb䠅䠈⬺㓟⣲໬䝦䝰䜾䝻䝡䞁ኚ໬㔞
䠄deoxyHb䠅䠈䛭䜜䜙䛾ྜィ䛷䛒䜛䝦䝰䜾䝻䝡䞁ኚ໬㔞
䠄totalHb䠅䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈ᒁᡤⓗ䛺⬻⾑ὶኚ໬䛻᭱䜒཯ᛂ䛜
኱䛝䛔䛸䛥䜜䜛oxyHb䜢䝕䞊䝍䛸䛧䛶᥇⏝䛧䛯䠊㻌
y 䠑⛊㛫䛾⛣ືᖹᆒ䜢⟬ฟ䛧䛯䠊㻌
y oxyHb䛾䝧䞊䝇䝷䜲䞁䛿⤒᫬䛻క䛖⑂ປ䛺䛹䛻䜘䜚⏕⌮
ⓗ䛺䜖䜙䛞䛜⏕䛨䜛䠊㻢㻜⛊䛾่⃭࿊♧┤๓㻝㻜⛊䜢
Pre-stimᮇ㛫䠈㻢㻜⛊䛾่⃭࿊♧┤ᚋ㻞㻜⛊䜢⬻⾑ὶኚ໬
䛜䝧䞊䝇䝷䜲䞁䜎䛷ᅇ᚟䛩䜛Recoverᮇ㛫䠈Recoverᮇ
㛫䛾┤ᚋ㻝㻜⛊䜢Post-taskᮇ㛫䛸䛧䛯䠊௒ᅇ䛾ᐇ㦂䛷䛿
w3䠈r䠐䠈䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ྛ䚻䛾Ⰽ ᗘ䛾่⃭䛜䛹䜜䛟䜙䛔ື䛔
ᅗ 9㻌 䝍䝇䜽䛾ᵓᡂ
48
中島瑞季
2.3.4㻌 ⬻⾑ὶィ 䝕䞊䝍䛾ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ
ከኚ㔞䛾ศᩓศᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䠈5 䝟䞊䝉䞁䝖Ỉ‽䛷᭷
ព䛺ᕪ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯 ch 䜢௨ୗ䛾⾲䛻䜎䛸䜑䛯䠊䠄⾲ 5䠅䠄⾲ 7䠅
䛥䜙䛻᭷ព䛺஺஫స⏝䛜䛒䛳䛯せᅉ㛫䛷䠈䛹䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫
䛾ኚື䛜኱䛝䛛䛳䛯䛾䛛☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈༢⣧୺ຠᯝ䛾᳨
ᐃ䠄Bonfwrroni ἲ䠅䜢⾜䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䜒ୗグ䛾⾲䛻䜎䛸䜑䛯䠊
䠄⾲ 6䠅䠄⾲ 8䠅
⾲ 5㻌 ඲䠍䠔⿕㦂⪅㻌 ከ㔜ẚ㍑⤖ᯝ
⾲ 8㻌 ⩌ศ䛡䛧䛯⿕㦂⪅㻌 ༢⣧୺ຠᯝ䛾᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ
⾲ 6㻌 ඲䠍䠔⿕㦂⪅㻌 ༢⣧୺ຠᯝ䛾᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ
⾲ 7㻌 ⩌ศ䛡䛧䛯⿕㦂⪅㻌 ከ㔜ẚ㍑⤖ᯝ
ヒトの概日リズムが照明環境の評価へ与える影響
3. ⪃ᐹ
3.1. ඲䠍䠔⿕㦂⪅䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾⪃ᐹ
ከኚ㔞ゎᯒ
-ᮅኤ 2 ᅇศ
--Color
ᕥ༙⌫䛷᭷ពᕪ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛 ch 䛜ከ䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ᕥ༙⌫
䛿 color 䛾ᕪ䜢ཷ䛡䜛㒊఩䛜ከ䛟䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊⤒᫬᫬
㛫䛾ᕪ䛛䜙᭷ពᕪ䛾䛒䜛䠿䡄䛜⌧㇟䛩䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈⤒᫬ኚ໬䛾
ᙳ㡪䛿䛒䜎䜚ཷ䛡䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䠊
--Time
⤒᫬䛻క䛔᭷ពᕪ䛾䛒䜛 ch 䛜ከ䛟ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䠈30-60 ⛊䛷
䛿ྑ༙⌫䛻ከ䛟 m 䛜㧗䛔ᕪ䜢♧䛧ᕪ䛜ཷ䛡䜛㒊఩䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸
䛛䜙䠈m 䛸 e 䛷䛿⤒᫬䛾ኚ໬䛻క䛔⬻άື䛜ኚ໬䛧䠈ホ౯᫬
㛫ᖏ䛾㐪䛔䛜⤖ᯝ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
--Light
0-60 ⛊䛷 w䠑䛜 r䠑䜘䜚㧗䛔್䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾䛒䜛 ch 䛜ㄆ䜑䜙
䜜䜛䠊୺ほホ౯䛷 rl 䛜ዲ䛝䛸䛔䛖ᅇ⟅⪅䛜ከ䛔䛣䛸䛜㛵㐃䛧
䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
--஺஫స⏝
Color 䛸 Time 㛫䛷ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䠊
௨ୖ䜘䜚䠈䝍䝇䜽⤒᫬᫬㛫䛾ᕪ䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾䛒䜛 ch 䛜ኚ໬
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈⬻άື䛜⤒᫬䛻క䛔ኚ໬䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙
䜜䜛䠊 Time 䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䜘䜚ග่⃭䛻ᑐ
䛩䜛ホ౯䛜ኚ໬䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
--ᮅ䛸ኤ
-Color
㻌 ᮅ䛿䛩䜉䛶䛾䝍䝇䜽᫬㛫䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾䛒䜛 ch 䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛
䛜ᩘ䛿ᑡ䛺䛔䠊ኤ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿㻌 30-60 ⛊䛾㛫䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾䛒
䜛 ch 䛜↓䛔䠊ኤ䛾 0-30 ⛊䛷䛿 0-60 ⛊䛸ẚ䜉䛶ྑ༙⌫䛷᭷
ពᕪ䛾ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛 ch 䛜ከ䛟䠈0-60 ⛊䛷䛿᭷ពᕪ䛾ㄆ䜑䜙䜜
䜛 ch 䛻䛚䛔䛶 w 䛜 r 䜘䜚㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈0-30
⛊䛷䛿 r 䛜㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿ᮅ䛸ኤ䛷䛿⤒᫬
䛾ኚ໬䛻క䛖⬻άື䛻ᕪ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䠈䛥䜙䛻ྠ᫬้䛻䛚䛡䜛
ග่⃭䛾ホ౯䛻䛯䛔䛧䛶䠈⤒᫬ኚ໬䛻䛚䛔䛶⬻άື䛾୍ᐃ
䛾᪉ྥ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
-Height
ኤ䛻 Height 䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾䛒䜛 ch 䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ኤ䛾
䜋䛖䛜ග䛾㧗䛥䛻ᩄឤ䛺⬻άື䛾㒊఩䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜
䜛䠊
-Light
ᮅ䛿 0-60 ⛊䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛 ch 䛜䛒䜚䠈ኤ䛿 0-60
⛊䠈0-30 ⛊䛷ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿 Color 䛸ྠᵝ䛻 0-30 ⛊
䛾㛫䛻䛚䛔䛶≉䛻⬻άື䛜ኚ໬䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠊
䛥䜙䛻 r䠍䛸 w䠑䛾䜒䛳䛸䜒༳㇟䛾㐲䛔่⃭㛫䛷᭷ពᕪ䛜ㄆ䜑
䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈Ⰽ ᗘ䠈㧗䛥䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ᮅ䜘䜚ኤ䛾䜋䛖䛻⬻㒊఩
䛾άືᕪ䛜኱䛝䛔ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠊
㻌 ௨ୖ䜘䜚䠈ᮅ䠈ኤ䛻䛚䛔䛶⬻άື䛾⤒᫬ኚ໬䜔᭷ពᕪ
䛾䛒䜛 ch 䛻ᕪ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䠈↷᫂䜢ぢ䛶䛔䜛᫬㛫ᖏ
䛾㐪䛔䛜⬻άື䛻䜒⌧䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻୺ほホ
౯䛾ᅇ⟅䛷䛿䠈ග่⃭䛾㧗䛥䛜䠏ẁ㝵䛷ㄆ㆑䛧䛶䛔䜛⿕㦂
⪅䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䠈⬻άື䛷䛿䠑ẁ㝵䛻ศ䛡䛶᭷ពᕪ
䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛 ch 䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ㄆ㆑䛧䛶䛔䛺䛟䛶䜒䠈▱ぬ
䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
㻌
49
༢⣧୺ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウ
-ᮅኤ䠎ᅇศ
--Color*Time(r,w)
w 䛻ከ䛟୺ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛 ch 䛜ከ䛟䠈 r䠈w 䛸䜒䛻 0-30
⛊䛿 e 䛻㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䠈30-60 ⛊䛿 m 䛻㧗䛔್䜢♧䛩䠊䛥䜙
䛻ྑ༙⌫䛻᭷ពᕪ䜢ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛 ch 䛜ከ䛔䠊䛣䜜䜘䜚䠈≉䛻 w
䛻䛚䛔䛶ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛿ග่⃭䜢ぢ䛯䛸䛝䛾⬻άື䛾⤒᫬ኚ
໬䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
--Color*Time(m,e)
e 䛻ከ䛟୺ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛 ch 䛜ከ䛔䛜䠈30-60 ⛊䛷䛿୺
ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛔䠊䛥䜙䛻 m 䛻䛚䛔䛶୺ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜
䜛 ch 䛿 r 䛻㧗䛔್䜢♧䛩䛣䛸䛜ከ䛟䠈e 䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿 w 䛻㧗䛔
್䜢♧䛩䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䜒䠈ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛜⤒᫬ኚ໬䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛
䛣䛸䛸ඹ䛻䠈ග่⃭䛾ホ౯䛿ホ౯᫬㛫ᖏ䛾ᙳ㡪ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛䛣
䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠊
㻌 ௨ୖ䜘䜚䠈↷᫂䛾Ⰽ䛸ホ౯᫬㛫ᖏ䛾㛵ಀ䛻୺ຠᯝ䛜⌧䜜
䜛䛣䛸䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈Ⰽ䛸ホ౯᫬㛫ᖏ䛾ホ౯䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⬻άື䛻
ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ䛜䛒䜚䠈⤒᫬䛻క䛔ኚ໬䛩䜛ᕪ䛿䠈Ⰽ䛸ホ౯᫬㛫
䛾㛵ಀ䛻⏤᮶䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
3.2. ⩌ศ䛡䛧䛯⿕㦂⪅䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾⪃ᐹ
㻌 ከኚ㔞ゎᯒ
-c ⩌䛸 nc ⩌
--Color
c ⩌䛿⤒᫬ኚ໬䛸ඹ䛻᭷ពᕪ䛾ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠿䡄䛜ቑ䛘䜛䛜
nc ⩌䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ῶᑡ䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻 nc ⩌䛷᭷ពᕪ
䛾ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛 ch 䛿୍㈏䛧䛶 w 䛜㧗䛔್䜢♧䛩䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈c
⩌䛿 0-30 ⛊䛷 w䠈30-60 ⛊䛷䡎䛻ኚ໬䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿䠈୺ほ
ホ౯⤖ᯝ䛾ᕪ䛿䠈⬻άື䛾⤒᫬䛻క䛖ኚ໬䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛
䛣䛸䛸䠈ග่⃭䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䝍䝇䜽᫬㛫䛷⬻㒊఩䛻ᕪ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸
䜢♧၀䛩䜛䠊
--Height
䠿⩌䛾䜏 0-30 ⛊䛷᭷ពᕪ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䠊୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ䛻
ᮅኤ䛷ᕪ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜ᙳ㡪䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊
--Time
c ⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿 0-30 ⛊䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠿h 䛿䛺䛔䛜䠈
0-60,30-60 ⛊䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾䛒䜛䠿䡄䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䠈䛩䜉䛶 m 䛻㧗
䛔ᩘ್䜢♧䛩䠊nc ⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾ホ౯᫬㛫䛷᭷ព
ᕪ䛾䛒䜛䠿䡄䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛜䠈0-60,0-30 ⛊䛻䛚䛔䛶 e 䛜㧗䛔
್䜢䠈30-60 ⛊䛻䛚䛔䛶 m 䛜㧗䛔್䜢♧䛩䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈ᴫ᪥䝸
䝈䝮䛿୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ䛻ᕪ䛜䛒䜛⩌㛫䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈⬻άື䛻ྠ
䛨ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠊
--Light
㻌 c ⩌䠈nc ⩌ඹ䛻 0-60,0-30 ⛊䛷᭷ពᕪ䛾ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠿䡄䛜䛒
䜛䛜䠈c ⩌䛿 0-30 ⛊䛻䛚䛔䛶 w 䛜㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䠈nc ⩌䛿䡎
䛻㧗䛔್䜢♧䛩䠊䛣䜜䛿୺ほホ౯䛾ᕪ䛷ዲ䛝䛿䡎䛜ከ䛟䠈᎘
䛔䛿 w 䛜ከ䛔䛸䛔䛖⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䠈ග่⃭䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ዲ䜏䛻ᙳ㡪䛥
䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䠈୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ䛻ᕪ䛜䛒䜛⩌㛫䛷䛿
Time ྠᵝ䛻⬻άື䛻ྠ䛨ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜
䛯䠊
--஺஫స⏝
㻌 䠿⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶 Time 䛸 Color 㛫䠈Time 䛸 Color 䛸 Height
㛫䛻ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䠈nc ⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶 Time 䛸 Color 㛫䠈Time 䛸
Height 㛫䛻ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䠊
㻌
㻌
50
中島瑞季
༢⣧୺ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウ
-c ⩌䛸 nc ⩌
--Color*Time (r,w)
c ⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶䡓䛻᭷ពᕪ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠿䡄䛜ከ䛟䠈⤒᫬䛸ඹ
䛻୺ຠᯝ䛾ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠿䡄䛜ቑ䛘䜛ഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䠊nc ⩌䜒ྠᵝ
䛻䡓䜈୺ຠᯝ䛜ከ䛟ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛜䠈30-60 ⛊䛾䜏୺ຠᯝ䛜
ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿䠈୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ䛾ᕪ䛜⤒᫬䛻క䛖್
䛾ኚ໬䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䠈୧⿕㦂⪅⩌ඹ䛻ᴫ
᪥䝸䝈䝮䛾ᙳ㡪䜢䛖䛡䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠈
--Color*Time (m,e)
㻌 c ⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䡉䛾 0-30 ⛊䛾䜏୺ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛔䠊
nc ⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䡉䛾 30-60 ⛊䛾䜏䛷୺ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊
ホ౯䛧䛯᫬㛫ᖏ䛿୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䠈⬻άື䛻䜒
ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䠊
-c ⩌
--Time*Color*Height (r,w)
--Time*Color*Height (m,e)
㻌 r,w ඹ䛻 0-60 ⛊䛻䛚䛔䛶୺ຠᯝ䛾䛒䜛䠿䡄䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䠈m
䛻䛚䛔䛶 30-60 ⛊䛾䜏୺ຠᯝ䛾䛒䜛䠿䡄䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䠊
r 䛾᪉䛜ከ䛟୺ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䛣䛸䠈䠏䛴䛾せᅉ㛫䛷୺ຠ
ᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䛾䛿䠿⩌䛾䜏䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ග่⃭䛻ᑐ䛩
䜛୺ほホ౯⤖ᯝ䛜ྠ୍䛷䜒䠈ホ౯⪅䛻䜘䛳䛶▱ぬ㐣⛬䛜ኚ
໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䠊
-nc ⩌
--Time*Height(1,2,4,5,)
1,2 䛻䛚䛔䛶 30-60 ⛊䛾䜏୺ຠᯝ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䠈䛩䜉䛶 m 䛻
㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ホ౯᫬㛫ᖏ䛻䜘䛳䛶↷ᑕ఩⨨
䜢ホ౯䛧䛯⬻άື䛻ᕪ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻 nc ⩌
䛻䛚䛡䜛ᮅ䛾୺ほホ౯䛿䠈ዲ䛝䛺↷ᑕ఩⨨䛻 4.5 䜢ᅇ⟅䛧
䛶䛔䜛⿕㦂⪅䛜ከ䛟ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䠈䛭䛾཯ᑐ䛻䛸䛺䜛䠍䠈䠎䜘䜚ᙳ
㡪䛜୚䛘䜙䜜䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
㻌 ௨ୖ䜘䜚䠈୺ほホ౯䛾⤖ᯝ䛜ᮅኤ䛷ኚ໬䛧䛺䛟䛶䜒䠈⬻ά
ື䛻䛿ᕪ䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈୺ほホ౯䛜ኚ
໬䛩䜛䠈䛧䛺䛔䛷⬻άື䛾⤒᫬䛻క䛖ኚ໬䜔཯ᛂ㒊఩䛜␗
䛺䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈୧⩌㛫䛻▱ぬ䛩䜛㝿䛾⬻άື䛻ྠ୍ᛶ䛜↓
䛔䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻୺ほホ౯䛜ኚ໬䛩䜛⩌䛻ᑐ䛧䛶
୺ຠᯝ䛜ከ䛟ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䛣䛸䛿䠈ග่⃭䛻ᑐ䛧䛶▱ぬ䛩䜛㝿
䛻䠈่⃭䛸᫬㛫䜢㛵㐃䛵䛡䜛㒊఩䛜ከ䛟ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
䛻䛺䜚䠈ಶே䛾ឤ᝟䛜䜘䜚ග่⃭䛾ホ౯䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛
䛣䛸䛷⤖ᯝ䛜ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䠊c ⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿୺
ຠᯝ䛜䝍䝇䜽᫬㛫䛩䜉䛶䛷ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛜䠈nc ⩌䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿
30-60 ⛊㛫䛷䛧䛛ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䜒▱ぬ㐣⛬䛻ᕪ䛜⏕
䛨䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
㻰㻕
㻱㻕
㻌 ௨ୖ䜘䜚䠈1 ᪥䛾୰䛻䛚䛡䜛⤒᫬ኚ໬䛛䜙䝠䝖䛾ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮
఩┦䛜ື䛟䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈ග䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ホ౯䛿ኚ໬䛩䜛䛸⪃៖
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䠈ග䛾㠀どぬຠᯝ䛿どぬຠᯝ䛾ホ౯䜈ᙳ㡪
䜢୚䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠊
㻌 ḟ䛻䠈ホ౯ᡭἲ䛻㛵䛧䛶 C)䠈D)䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈᪤Ꮡ◊✲䛛
䜙䠈ග䛾㠀どぬస⏝䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈᪥ᖖⓗ䛻⾜䜟䜜䜛⛬ᗘ䛾ல
⣽䛺↷᫂ኚ໬䛷䜒ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䠈ே㛫䛿ホ
౯䠈ุ᩿䠈᥎ㄽ䜢ྵ䜐䜘䛖䛺㧗ḟ䛺ᚰ⌮㐣⛬䛜⮬㌟䛾୰䛷
⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸⮬య䜢䠈┤ឤⓗ䛻ព㆑䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛪䠈᥎ㄽ
䛻䜘䜚⹫ഇ䛾⌮⏤䜢స䜚ୖ䛢䛶䛧䜎䛖䛣䛸䛜ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸[26]
䛜⪃៖䛷䛝䠈↷᫂⎔ቃ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛㝿䛻䠈୺ほホ౯䠈ᐈほホ
౯䛾୧ഃ㠃䛛䜙᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䠈䜘䜚䝠䝖䛾ឤ᝟䜢ホ౯䛻཯ᫎ
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛩䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻 A)䛻㛵䛧䛶䠈ග䛾᫂
㡰ᛂ䠈Ⰽ㡰ᛂ䠈➼䛾ᙳ㡪䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䠈᫂㡰ᛂ䛿᫂
ᡤど䛻䛺䜛䜎䛷 30-60 ⛊㻘Ⰽ㡰ᛂ䛿ṧຠ䛜䛺䛟䛺䜛䜎䛷ᩘ⛊
䛛䜙ᩘศ䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛[2䠓]䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ྛ่⃭ᥦ♧᫬㛫ෆ䛾
RAW 䝕䞊䝍䛾䜾䝷䝣䛜 30 ⛊䛷䝖䝺䞁䝗䛾ኚ໬䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛㡯
┠䛜ከᩘ䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ㄝ᫂䛷䛝䜛䠊䛣䛾䛛䛺䜚ᚤᑡ䛺ග䛾ኚ໬
䜒ᐈほホ౯䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃៖䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䜒䠈୺ほ䠈
ᐈほྜ䜟䛫䛯ホ౯䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊㻌
㻌 䛧䛛䛧䠈E)䛻㛵䛧䛶ゝ䛘䜀䠈ᐈほホ౯䛻䛚䛡䜛஺஫స⏝䛻
ᕪ䛜⏕䛨䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ᴫ᪥䝸䝈䝮䛻䛚䛡䜛⏕ᚓᛶ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈
ᚋᚓᛶ䜒⪃៖䛧᳨ウ䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛔䛡䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠊
ᐈほホ౯䛻䛚䛡䜛Ⰽ ᗘ䠈᫬㛫䠈㧗䛥䛾ᖹᆒ್䛾ୖୗ㛵ಀ
䛻㐪䛔䛜䛒䜛䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈⤖ᯝ䛻䛭䜜䛮䜜୍ᐃ䛾㛵ಀᛶ䛜
ぢ䜙䜜䛯䛣䛸䛿䠈↷᫂⎔ቃ䛻䛚䛡䜛ホ౯䛻ᙳ㡪䛩䜛ᚋᚓᛶ
䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢⪃៖䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊ᚋᚓᛶ䛿▱ぬ㐣⛬
䛾ᕪ䛛䜙䜒᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䠈ホ౯䛿↓⮬ぬ䞉↓ព㆑䛾䛖䛱
䛻㉳䛣䜛⮬ືⓗ䛷┤ឤⓗ䛺⬻ෆ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛷䛒䜛 [2䠔]䛣䛸䛛䜙䜒䠈
௒ᚋ䠈㠀どぬຠᯝ䛸どぬຠᯝ䛜↷᫂⎔ቃホ౯䛻୚䛘䜛ᙳ㡪
䛾㛵ಀᛶ䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䠈ホ౯ᡭἲ䛾ᐇ⏝໬䜈䛾ᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲
䛸䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈▱ぬ䠈ㄆ㆑㐣⛬䛾ᢕᥱ䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜚䠈ホ౯
㐣⛬䛾᝟ሗྲྀᚓ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻╔┠䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
4. ⤖ㄽ
ᮏ◊✲䛿䠈↷᫂⎔ቃ䛻䛚䛡䜛ග䛾㉁䛜䜒䛴どぬⓗຠᯝ䠈
㠀どぬⓗຠᯝ䜢䜅䜎䛘䛯୺ほホ౯䛸ᐈほホ౯䛾㛵ಀᛶ䛻
╔┠䛧䛯䠊㻝 ᪥䛾䛺䛛䛷䝠䝖䛾ྠㄪᛶ䛾఩┦䛜ື䛟䛣䛸䛷䠈↷
᫂⎔ቃ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ⰽ ᗘ䛸↷ᑕ఩⨨䛻ᑐ䛩䜛༳㇟䛻ኚ໬䛜⏕
䛨䜛䛾䛛䠈ྠ᪥䛾 10 ᫬䛸 18 ᫬䛻 2 ᅇᐇ㦂䜢ᐇ᪋䛧᳨ウ䜢
⾜䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ௨ୗ䛜⪃ᐹ䛥䜜䛯䠊㻌
㻌
㻭㻕
ග䜢ぢ䛶䛔䜛㛫䛾⬻άື䛿⤒᫬䛸ඹ䛻ኚ໬䛩䜛䠊㻌
㻮㻕
ᮅ䛸ኤ䛷䛿⬻άື䛾⤒᫬ኚ໬䛻䜘䜛άᛶ໬㒊఩䠈஺
஫స⏝䛻ᕪ䛜⏕䛨䜛䠊㻌
㻯㻕
୺ほホ౯䛾⤖ᯝ䛜ᮅኤ䛻䛚䛔䛶ኚ໬䛜䛺䛟䛶䜒䠈ᐈ
ほホ౯䛷䛒䜛⬻άື䛿ኚ໬䛩䜛䠊㻌
୺ほホ౯䛷ุ᩿䛷䛝䛺䛔่⃭䛾ᕪ䛷䜒䠈⬻άື䜈ᙳ
㡪䜢୚䛘䠈ᐈほホ౯䛜ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䠊㻌
ᮅኤ䛷୺ほホ౯䛜ኚ໬䛩䜛⿕㦂⪅⩌䛸ኚ໬䛧䛺䛔⿕
㦂⪅⩌䛷䛿䠈⬻άື䛾⤒᫬ኚ໬䜔཯ᛂ㒊఩䛜␗䛺䜛
䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈୧⩌㛫䛻䛚䛔䛶䛾ග䛾▱ぬㄆ㆑㐣⛬䛿ྠ
୍䛷䛿䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䠊㻌
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
ᒣ ᐙ ဴ 㞝 㻌 ↷ ᫂ ⎔ ቃ 䛾 タ ィ 䞉 ホ ౯ 㻌 ↷ ᫂ Ꮫ ఍ ㄅ 㻌 8B㻌
VOL.94㻌 pp.529-530㻌 2010
ᵽཱྀ㔜࿴㻌 ග䛾㠀どぬస⏝㻌 -ග⎔ቃ䜈䛾㐺ᛂ-㻌 ᪥ᮏ⏕⌮
ே㢮Ꮫ఍ㄅ㻌 VOL.16,No1 pp.21-26 2011
ᮏ㛫◊୍㻌 䝃䞊䜹䝕䜱䜰䞁䝸䝈䝮㻌 ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊⏕⌮Ꮫ
ㅮᗙ㻌 ◊✲ሗ࿌㻌 pp.740
ᶫᮏ⪽Ꮚ㻌 ᮏ㛫䛥䛸㻌 ᮏ㛫◊୍㻌 ╧╀䛸⏕య䝸䝈䝮㻌 ᪥⸆⌮ㄅ㻌
129, pp.400~403 2007
ᒸᒣ኱㻌 ୰ᑿගஅ㻌 ᚨ୸ಙᏊ㻌 ᮏ㛫䛥䛸㻌 ᮏ㛫◊୍㻌 ⏕య䝸䝈
䝮ᶵᵓ䛾㝵ᒙⓗ䝰䝕䝹໬㻌 ಙᏛᢏἲ㻌 MBE2007-65 2007
኱ᕝ໷Ꮚ㻌 ⏕య䝸䝈䝮䛸ග㻌 ↷᫂Ꮫ఍ㄅ㻌 ➨ 93 ᕳ㻌 ➨ 3 ྕ㻌
pp.128-133㻌 ᖹᡂ 21 ᖺ
Czeisler, C.A., Duffy, J.F., Shanahan, T.L., Brown, E.N.,
Mitchell, J.F., Rimmer, D.W., Ronda, J.M., silva, E.J.,
Allan, J.S., Emens, J.S., Dijk, D.J., Kronauer, R.E.:
Stability precision, and near-24- hour period of the
human circadian pacemaker. Science, 284(5423),
pp.2177-2181, 1999
Aoki, H., Yamada, N., Ozeki, Y., Yamane, H., Kato, N.:
ヒトの概日リズムが照明環境の評価へ与える影響
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㻌
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㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
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suppressnocturnal melatonin concentration in human
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Brainard, G,C., Hanifin, J.P., Greeson, J.M., Byrne, B.,
Glickman, G., Gerner, E., Rollag, M.D.: Action
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Evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor. J.
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for melatonin suppression: Evidence for a novel
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Cajochen, C., Jud, C., Munch, M., Kobialka, S., Wirz Justice, A., Albrecht, U.: Evening exposure to blue light
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᳃ ⏣ ೺ 㻌 ග 䞉 ↷ ᫂ ◊ ✲ 䛾 ື ྥ 㻌 ᪥ ᮏ ⏕ ⌮ ே 㢮 Ꮫ ఍ ㄅ㻌
VOL.16,㻌 No1 pp.17-18 2011, 2
ᡞ⏣┤ᘯ㻌 䝃䞊䜹䝕䜱䜰䞁䝸䝈䝮䜈䛾ග䛾ᙳ㡪㻌 ↷᫂Ꮫ఍ㄅ㻌
➨ 91 ᕳ㻌 ➨ 10 ྕ pp.656-658 ᖹᡂ 19 ᖺ
ᇉ㘥┤㻌 ௚㻌 ᚰ⌮䞉⏕⌮཯ᛂ䛛䜙ホ౯䛧䛯ዲ䜏䛾Ⰽ ᗘ䛸ᐊ
䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛻㛵䛩䜛ᐇ㦂ⓗ◊✲ ᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫ఍ィ⏬⣔
ㄽᩥ㞟㻌 ➨ 528 pp.67-73 2000
ᰗᮏ᭷஧㻌 ᡁ฼ග㻌 䝃䞊䜹䝕䜱䜰䞁䝸䝈䝮䛸⾜ືయຊ䛸䛾㛵ಀ㻌
య⫱Ꮫ◊✲㻌 38㻌 pp.437-445 1994
ᗈ㔜ె἞㻌 ே䛾䝃䞊䜹䝕䜱䜰䞁䝸䝈䝮䛸ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㻌 ᚰ⌮⛉Ꮫ㻌 ➨
20 ᕳ㻌 ➨䠎ྕ㻌 1998 11
▼ཎ㔠⏤䞉ᐑୗᙲኵ䞉≟ୖ∾䞉⚟⏣୍ᙪ䞉ᒣᓮ຾⏨䞉ᐑ⏣ὒ㻌
᪥ᮏㄒ∧ᮅᆺ୍ኪᆺ㻔㻹㼛㼙㼕㼚㼓㼚㼑㼟㼟㻙㻱㼢㼑㼚㼕㼚㼓㼚㼑㼟㼟㻕㻌 ㉁ၥ⣬䛻䜘
䜛ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ㻌 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲䠈㻡㻣㻘㻌㼜㼜㻚㻤㻣㻙㻥㻝㻘㻌㻝㻥㻤㻢
㛵ᕝ㤶ⴥᏊ㻌 ᮅ᪉㻙ኪᆺ䛻䜘䜛⢭⚄సᴗㄢ㢟䛾䝃䞊䜹䝕䜱䜰
䞁䝸䝈䝮ኚ໬㻙㧗↷ᗘග↷ᑕ䛾᭷↓䛻䜘䜛᳨ウ㻙㻌 ἲᨻ኱Ꮫ⣖
せ㻌 㼜㼜㻚㻞㻜㻟㻙㻞㻝㻢㻌㻞㻜㻜㻤
⏣ᐑ⪽㻌 ௚㻌 ㉁ၥ⣬䜢⏝䛔䛯ᮅ᪉-ኪᆺ䛾ุᐃἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛᳨
ウ㻌 ᚰ㌟་㻌 ➨ 30 ᕳ㻌 ➨ 6 ྕ 1990㻌 10
↷᫂Ꮫ఍ ⦅䠖ఫᏯ↷᫂タィᢏ⾡ᣦ㔪 ➨ 2 ∧, ↷᫂Ꮫ఍,
2007
⏣௦Ꮫ㻌 䝠䝖䛾᝟ື䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛻䛫䜎䜛⬻䜲䝯䞊䝆䞁䜾◊✲䛾
㐍Ṍ㻌 ᪥⸆⌮ㄅ㻌 125 pp.88-96 2005
ᒣᮏ๛㻌 ∾ᩔ㻌 ᑠἨⱥ᫂㻌 ග䜢⏝䛔䛯⬻ᶵ⬟ィ ἲ䠖㏆㉥እ
⥺ග䝖䝫䜾䝷䝣䜱㻌 ᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍ㄅ㻌 㻡㻥㻌 㻝㻜㻌 pp.㻢㻣㻡㻙㻢㻤㻝㻌
㻞㻜㻜㻠
⚟⏣ṇே㻌 ⢭⚄⑌ᝈ䛾デ᩿䞉἞⒪䛾䛯䜑䛾⮫ᗋ᳨ᰝ䛸䛧䛶䛾
㻺㻵㻾㻿 ᐃ㻌 㻹㻱㻰㻵㼄㻌 㼂㻻㻸㻚㻟㻥㻌 pp.㻠㻙㻝㻜㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻠
᪥❧䝯䝕䜱䝁㻌 ග䝖䝫䜾䝷䝣䜱䞊㻌 䝴䞊䝄䞊఍㈨ᩱ㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻜
Petter Johansson, Lars Hall, Sverker Sikstrom,
Andress Olsson. :Failure to Detect Mismatches
Between Intention and Outcome in a Simple Decision
Task: Science Vol. 310 no. 5745 pp. 116-119 7 October
2005
ᓥ಴▖䜋䛛㻌 Ⰽ㡰ᛂ่⃭ᾘኻᚋ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ⰽ䛾ぢ䛘䛾᫬㛫᥎
⛣,㻌 VISION, Vol.21 No2 101-114, 2009
Bargh,J.A.et.al. The automatic evaluation effect:
Unconditional automatic attitude activation with a
pronunciation task Journal of Experimental 㻌 Social
Psychology, 32, pp, 185-210 1996
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51
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中島瑞季
㈨ᩱ 1㻌 ඲ 18 ⿕㦂⪅ ch 䛤䛸䛾ᖹᆒ್䛸ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
㈨ᩱ 2㻌 ⩌ศ䛡䛧䛯⿕㦂⪅ ch 䛤䛸䛾ᖹᆒ್䛸ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.53－59 （2012） 〔論文〕
54
成田雅彦
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ਤ3
৬ٕज़ऀ‫ڭ‬ҭΛߦ͍ͬͯΔɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼ
ʮRSi ֶज़‫༻ڀݚ‬αΠτʯ
γεςϜͷߏ੒
ͱʮRSiCameraRobotʯΛ༻͍ͨࠃࡍ PBLɼ͞Βʹʮ͜Ε
ϩϘοταʔϏε͔Β੒Γɼ‫ڞ‬௨αʔϏεͰ͸ɼ֤छαʔ
ΒΛ۩ମతʹͲͷΑ͏ʹ‫͔͍ͯ͘͠༻׆‬ʯΛςʔϚͱͨ͠
ϏεΛαϙʔτ͢ΔͨΊʹɼPull ‫ܕ‬ɾPush ‫ܕ‬ɼಉ‫ظ‬ɾඇ
‫ا‬ը‫ܕ‬ͷ PBL Λ࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͘͠༧ఆͰ͋Δɽ
ಉ‫ܕظ‬ͷ௨৴ϞσϧΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬ΔɽҰํɼϩϘοταʔ
ҎԼɼ2. ͰຊߘͰߟ࡯ର৅ͱ͢Δ RSNP ʹ͍ͭͯɼ3. Ͱ
Ϗε͸‫ج‬ຊϓϩϑΝΠϧͱԠ༻ϓϩϑΝΠϧ͔Β੒ΓɼΧ
ֶज़‫༻ڀݚ‬αΠτʹ͍ͭͯɼ4. Ͱ RSiCameraRobot ʹͭ
ϝϥɾԻ੠ೖग़ྗͳͲͷϚϧνϝσΟΞ‫ػ‬ೳ΍ɼલ‫ޙ‬ճస
͍ͯɼ5. ͰαʔϏεϩϘοτ΁ͷ RSNP ͷ࣮૷ʹ͍ͭͯड़
ಈ࡞ͳͲ୯७ͳಈ࡞ɾύλʔϯಈ࡞ͳͲͷϩϘοτͷಈ͖
΂ɼ6. ͰຊߘΛ·ͱΊΔɽ
Λ‫ج‬ຊϓϩϑΝΠϧͱͯ͠ఏ‫͠ڙ‬ɼఱ‫ؾ‬αʔϏεɾ‫ݟ‬कΓ
αʔϏεɾϦϞʔτ੍‫Ͳͳޚ‬ͷαʔϏεΛԠ༻ϓϩϑΝΠ
ϧͱͯ͠ఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼϩϘοτͷ‫ػ‬ೳͱϩϘο
2.
RSi ϩϘοταʔϏεϞσϧ
RSi Ͱ͸ɼϩϘοταʔϏεΛɼωοτϫʔΫΛհͯ͠
ϩϘοτ͕ఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ৘ใαʔϏεɼ΋͘͠͸෺ཧతͳαʔ
Ϗεͱఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δɽਤ 1 ʹϞσϧͷ֓ཁΛࣔ͢ɽϩϘο
τ΍αʔϏεϓϩόΠμɼϢʔβͳͲ͔Βߏ੒͞Εɼಉ‫ظ‬ɾ
ඇಉ‫ظ‬ͷ௨৴ʹΑΔಈ࡞΍ಈ࡞ύλʔϯͷࢦࣔɾ݁ՌͷऔΓ
ग़͠ɼϩϘοτ͔ΒϓϩόΠμ΁ͷ໰͍߹Θͤɾ௨஌ɼαʔ
Ϗεͷఏ‫ڙ‬ɼϢʔβΛ‫ؚ‬Ή֎քͱͷ΍ΓऔΓΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕
Ͱ͖Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹϩϘοτΛΠϯλʔωοτʹ઀ଓ͢Δ
ར఺͸ɼਓͱϩϘοτ͕‫ڠ‬ௐͯ͠αʔϏεΛߦ͏ʮ‫ڠ‬ௐ‫ܕ‬ʯ
ϩϘοτΛ࣮‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δ͜ͱɼΠϯλʔωοτ্ͷίϯςϯ
πΛ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱͳͲʹ͋ΔɽRSNP ͸ɼ͜ͷϞσϧ
ʹैͬͯαʔϏεͷϓϩτίϧΛ‫ن‬ఔ͓ͯ͠ΓɼҟͳΔϕ
ϯμͰಠཱͯ͠։ൃͨ͠ϩϘοτ/αʔϏεؒͰͷ૬‫ޓ‬ӡ༻
͕Մೳʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽRSNP ͷγεςϜΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ
ਤ 2 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
RSNP ͷಛ௃͸Լ‫ه‬ͷͱ͓ΓͰ͋ΔɿʢiʣΠϯλʔωο
ταʔϏεͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛϞδϡʔϧԽͯ͠ఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ
‫ػ‬ೳͷҟͳΔଟ༷ͳϩϘοτ΍֤छαʔϏε΁ͷద༻ΛՄ
ೳʹ͍ͯ͠Δɽ
3.
RSi ֶज़‫༻ڀݚ‬αΠτ
࣍ʹɼRSi ֶज़‫༻ڀݚ‬αΠτʹ͍ͭͯઆ໌͢ΔɽຊαΠ
τ͸ɼ‫͕ऀڀݚ‬Πϯλʔωοτ্Ͱ RSNP ΫϥΠΞϯτ
ϩϘοτʹؔ͢Δ༷ʑͳΞΠσΟΞΛࢼΈΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
։ൃ/࣮ߦ‫ڥ؀‬αΠτͰ͋ΔɽγεςϜߏ੒Λਤ 3 ʹࣔ͢
ʢຊαΠτͷৄࡉʹ͍ͭͯ͸ [9] Λࢀর͞Ε͍ͨʣɽαʔ
ό‫ػ‬ೳ͸ɼ‫ࡏݱ‬ɼ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ಺ʹߏங͞Ε͓ͯΓɼ
http://rsi.aiit.ac.jp/ ʹΞΫηε͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼΠϯλʔ
ωοτ‫ܦ‬༝Ͱͷར༻͕ՄೳͰ͋ΔɽRSNP2.3 ͷҰ࣮૷Ͱ
͋Δ FJLIB Λ༻͍ͯߏங͞Ε͓ͯΓɼRSNP αʔόʢ֤छ
αʔϏε౳ʣɼRSNP ΫϥΠΞϯτʢϩϘοτ౳ʣɼGUIɼ
ΞΧ΢ϯτ؅ཧͷ 4 ͭͷϞδϡʔϧ͔Βߏ੒͞ΕΔɽ
τͱͷ੔߹ੑ͕ߴ͘ɼඪ४Խ͞Εͨ๛෋ͳ‫ػ‬ೳͷ্ʹαʔ
ϏεΛߏஙͰ͖ɼଟ༷ͳϩϘοτͱ֤छαʔϏεʹద༻Ͱ
3.1.
͖ɼෳ਺࣮૷ؒͰ૬‫઀ޓ‬ଓ͕Ͱ͖Δʀ
ʢiiʣ‫ݯࢿػࢉܭ‬ͷ‫ݶ‬
RSNP αʔό͸ɼਤ 3 ͷϩϘοταʔϏεͷ෦෼ʹ૬౰
͠ɼαʔόΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮૷͢ΔϞδϡʔϧͰ͋Δɽ
RSNP Ͱఆٛ͞Ε֤ͨछϓϩϑΝΠϧΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ
༷ʑͳΫϥΠΞϯτʹϩϘοταʔϏεΛఏ‫ڙ‬ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ
͜ͷͱ͖ɼϩϘοτͷ࣮૷͸ϓϩϑΝΠϧʹӅณ͞ΕΔͷ
Ͱɼαʔό։ൃऀ͸͜ͷ࣮૷Λҙࣝ͢Δඞཁ͕ͳ͍ɽͭ·
ΓɼΠϯλʔωοτٕज़ऀ͕ϩϘοτͱಠཱʹαʔϏεΛ
։ൃ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳʹͳΔɽ͞ΒʹɼRSNP ͸ Web αʔ
ϏεΛϕʔεͱ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɼ֤छ Web αʔϏεͱͷϚο
γϡΞοϓ΋ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ
ΒΕ͍ͯΔϩϘοτ΁ͷ৘ใఏ‫ڙ‬΍ࢦ͕ࣔਝ଎ʹߦ͑Δʀ
ʢiiiʣϩϘοτΒ͍͠αʔϏεͱͯ͠ɼը૾΍ηϯα৘ใΛ
ϩϘοταʔϏε΁࿈ଓతʹసૹͰ͖ɼछʑϓϥοτϑΥʔ
Ϝͱͷ࿈‫͖Ͱݱ࣮͕ܞ‬Δɽ
ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͷϕʔε͸ɼΠϯλʔωοτ΍γες
Ϝߏங޲͚௨৴‫ج‬൫Ͱ͋Δ Web αʔϏε‫ج‬൫Λར༻͍ͯ͠
ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼߴ৴པϝοηʔδϯά‫ػ‬ೳɼηΩϡϦςΟ‫ػ‬
ೳ౳ɼΠϯλʔωοτͱ੔߹ੑͷߴ͍ඪ४Խ͞Εͨ‫ػ‬ೳΛ
ར༻ՄೳͰ͋ΔɽϓϥοτϑΥʔϜࣗ਎͸‫ڞ‬௨αʔϏεͱ
RSNP αʔό
小型ロボットを利用した簡易型 RSNP ロボットサービス開発環境の構築
ਤ5
55
RSNP ͷϝοηʔδύλʔϯ
ʢRSiCameraRobotɼAppStore Ͱఏ‫ڙ‬ʣΛఏ‫͓ͯ͠ڙ‬Γɼ
͜ΕΒΛ࣮ߦ͢Δͱ௚ͪʹαΠτ্ͰαʔϏε͕ར༻Ͱ͖
Δɽͳ͓ɼຊαΠτ͸ࠃࡍԽରԠ͓ͯ͠Γɼࠃࡍ PBL Ͱͷ
ར༻͕Մೳʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ
ਤ4
3.2.
RSi ϩϘοτϚοϓ
RSNP ΫϥΠΞϯτ
RSNP ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸ɼਤ 3 ͷϩϘοτΫϥΠΞϯτͷ
෦෼ʹ૬౰͠ɼΫϥΠΞϯτΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࣮૷͢Δ
ϞδϡʔϧͰ͋ΔɽRSNP Λར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɼαʔό্Ͱ
ఏ‫͞ڙ‬Ε͍ͯΔ༷ʑͳαʔϏεͷར༻͕ՄೳʹͳΔɽͳ͓ɼ
RSNP ͸ϩϘοτͱαʔόؒͷ઀ଓʹٖࣅ PUSH ‫ػ‬ೳΛ
ར༻͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼϩϘοτΛϑΝΠΞ΢Υʔϧ಺ʹઃஔ
ͨ͠ηΩϡΞͳӡ༻͕࣮‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δɽ
3.3.
GUI
GUI ͸ɼਤ 3 ͷ RSi ϩϘοτϚοϓͷ෦෼ʹ૬౰͠ɼαʔ
όͷϑϩϯτΤϯυͷ໾ׂΛՌͨ͢ϞδϡʔϧͰ͋Δɽ͜͜
Ͱ͸ɼ઀ଓ͍ͯ͠ΔϩϘοτͷҐஔΛ஍ਤ্Ͱࣔ͢αʔϏ
εͱ࣮ͯ͠‫͍ͯ͠ݱ‬ΔɽWeb αʔόͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͞ΕɼΤϯ
υϢʔβ͸ Web ϒϥ΢β‫ܦ‬༝Ͱ͜ͷ GUI ʹΞΫηε͢Δɽ
4.
RSiCameraRobot
࣍ʹɼϩϘοτଆγεςϜͱͯ͠։ൃͨ͠ RSiCameraRobot ʹ͍ͭͯઆ໌͢ΔɽRSiCameraRobot ͸ɼεϚʔ
τϑΥϯʢຊߘͰ͸ iPhone Λར༻ʣΛ RSi ࢓༷ͷϩϘο
τΧϝϥͱͯ͠ಈ࡞ͤ͞Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼΧϝϥͷલͷ༷ࢠ
Λԕִ͔ΒϞχλ͢Δ‫ݟ‬कΓαʔϏεΛେ‫ܕ‬ͷαʔϏεϩ
Ϙοτͱಉ༷ʹड͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋
Δɽ͜ΕʹΑΓɼαʔϏεϩϘοτΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ଟ͘ͷ։ൃ
ऀ͕༰қʹϩϘοταʔϏεΛ։ൃ͠ɼͦΕΛখ‫ܕ‬ͷϩϘο
τΛར༻ͯ͠ࢼ࡞Ͱ͖Δ౳ͷಛ௃͕͋Δɽֶज़‫༻ڀݚ‬αΠ
τͱಉ༷ɼࠃࡍԽରԠʹΑΓɼάϩʔόϧͳར༻͕Մೳʹ
ͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ
͜͜ͰεϚʔτϑΥϯΛར༻͢Δͷ͸ɼ৘ใ‫΁ऀڀݚܥ‬
ͷϩϘοταʔϏεී‫ʹٴ‬༗ޮͰ͋ΔͨΊͰ͋ΔɽεϚʔτ
ϑΥϯ͸ɼΧϝϥɼՃ଎౓ηϯαɼ࣓‫ؾ‬ηϯαɼ໌҉ηϯαɼ
ϚΠΫɼWi-FiɼBluetooth ௨৴‫ػ‬ೳ౳Λ࣋ͪɼ෺ཧಈ࡞Λ
3.4.
ΞΧ΢ϯτ؅ཧ
আ͚͹ϩϘοτʹྨࣅ͍ͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼRSNP ϥΠϒϥϦ
ΞΧ΢ϯτ؅ཧ͸ɼਤ 3 ͷΞΧ΢ϯτ؅ཧͷ෦෼ʹ૬౰
Λ౥ࡌ͢Ε͹ɼ୯ಠ͋Δ͍͸ LEGO NXT ౳ͷখ‫ܕ‬ϩϘο
͠ɼΞΧ΢ϯτ؅ཧ‫ػ‬ೳΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔϞδϡʔϧͰ͋Δɽϩ
τͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤͯϩϘοταʔϏεͷࢼ࡞Λߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ
ϘοταʔϏε΁ͷΞΫηε੍‫ޚ‬౳Λ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼϩ
͖ɼ։ൃ‫ج‬൫ͱͯ͠΋ద͍ͯ͠Δɽͨͩ͠ɼCPU ͕ඇྗͳ
Ϙοτ΍ͦͷϢʔβΛ؅ཧ͢Δ‫ػ‬ೳ͕ඞਢͰ͋Γɼ͜͜Ͱ
͜ͱ͕՝୊Ͱ͋ΓɼͦͷͨΊຊߘͰ͸ɼϩϘοταʔϏεͷ
͸ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͷ‫ػ‬ೳͱͯ͠ఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬ΔɽϩϘοτ
ࢼ࡞ʹඞཁͳ‫ػ‬ೳͱੑೳΛఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ͜ͱΛ໨తʹɼiPhone
ͷ௥Ճɼొ࿥৘ใͷमਖ਼ɼมߋɼ࡟আ౳͸͜ͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛհ͠
্ʹ RSNP ʹ४‫ͨ͠ڌ‬ϥΠϒϥϦ࣮૷ iRSNP ͱɼͦΕΛ
࣮ͯࢪ͞Εɼ؅ཧ৘ใ͸σʔλϕʔεʹอଘ͞ΕΔɽ
‫ͨ͠༻׆‬খ‫ܕ‬ϩϘοτͱͯ͠ RSiCameraRobot Λ࣮૷͢
Δ͜ͱͱͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼRSNP ͷϥΠϒϥϦ࣮૷ʹ͸લड़͠
3.5.
ఏ‫ڙ‬αʔϏε
‫ࡏݱ‬ɼαʔό্ͰΫϥΠΞϯτϩϘοτʹఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δ
αʔϏε͸ɼRSi ϩϘοτϚοϓʢਤ 4 ࢀরʣɼΞΧ΢ϯ
ͨͱ͓Γ FJLIB ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͕ɼεϚʔτϑΥϯͱͯ͠͸
Andoid ൛ͷΈͰ͋ΓɼiPhone ൛͸ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͨΊɼ
ࠓճ৽ͨʹϥΠϒϥϦͷ࣮૷Λߦͬͨɽ
τ؅ཧ‫ػ‬ೳͷ 2 ͭͰ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒʹ௥Ճͯ͠ɼҰ࣮૷ྫͱ
ͯ͠ɼϩϘοτ‫ݟ‬कΓαʔϏεΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ͜Ε͸ϩ
4.1.
ϘοτΧϝϥͰࡱӨ͞Εͨө૾ΛɼWeb ϒϥ΢β্Ͱ‫ࢹ؂‬
4.1.1.
Ͱ͖ΔαʔϏεͰ͋Δɽֶज़‫༻ڀݚ‬αΠτͰ͸ɼΫϥΠΞ
RSNP ͸ɼਤ 5 ʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼϩϘοτ‫఺ى‬αʔό௨஌
‫ܕ‬ɼϩϘοτ‫఺ى‬αʔϏεԠ౴‫ܕ‬ɼϩϘοτ‫఺ى‬αʔό഑৴
‫ܕ‬ɼαʔό‫఺ى‬ϩϘοτ௨஌‫ܕ‬ɼαʔό‫఺ى‬ϩϘοτԠ౴
ϯτϩϘοτ༻ͷαϯϓϧίʔυʢPC ʹ Web ΧϝϥΛ઀
ଓͨ͠‫ܗ‬ଶΛ૝ఆʣɼ͓Αͼ 4. Ͱઆ໌͢Δ iPhone ΞϓϦ
iRSNP ͷ࣮૷
࣮૷ൣғ
56
成田雅彦
ਤ6
iRSNP ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ
‫ܕ‬ɼαʔό‫఺ى‬ϩϘοτ഑৴‫ܕ‬ͷ 6 ͭͷϝοηʔδύλʔ
ϯΛ࣋ͭɽiRSNP Ͱ͸‫ূݕ‬ͷͨΊɼ͜ͷ͢΂ͯͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛ࣮
૷͢Δ͜ͱͱͨ͠ɽҰํɼαʔϏεϓϩϑΝΠϧͷ࣮૷ൣғ
͸ɼֶज़‫༻ڀݚ‬αΠτ΁઀ଓ͠ɼ͓Ͱ͔͚Ϛοϓ΍‫ݟ‬कΓ
αʔϏε౳ͷ RSi αʔϏεͷར༻ʹඞཁͳ΋ͷͷΈͱͨ͠ɽ
ԼҐ૚ͱͯ͠͸ɼHTTP ্ʹϩϘοτ‫ͱ఺ى‬αʔό‫఺ى‬
ͷ 2 ຊͷ௨৴࿏Λߏங͢ΔɽRSi ͸ RSNP Λɼෳ਺࣮૷Մ
ೳͰ૬‫઀ޓ‬ଓͰ͖Δඪ४ϓϩτίϧͱͯ͠ఆΊ͍ͯΔͨΊɼ
࢓༷ॻΛ΋ͱʹ͜ΕΒͷ࣮૷Λߦͬͨɽ
4.1.2.
࣮૷‫ػ‬ೳ
ϓϩτλΠϓͱͯ͠͸ɼ্ड़ͨ͠Α͏ʹɼ͓Ͱ͔͚Ϛο
ϓ΍‫ݟ‬कΓαʔϏεͰͷར༻ΛલఏʹɼΧϝϥΛ࢖ͬͨը૾
औಘ‫ػ‬ೳΛ࣮૷͢Δ͜ͱͱͨ͠ɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼ࣮༻తͳ‫ػ‬ೳΛ
࣮༻తͳੑೳͰఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ͜ͱΛ໨ࢦ͢ɽͦͷͨΊɼ‫ܞ‬ଳి࿩
ͷಈը௨࿩ʹҰൠʹ༻͍ΒΕΔ QVGAʢ320 × 240 ϐΫη
ϧʣ΍ͦͷ൒෼ʢ240 × 160 ϐΫηϧʣͷղ૾౓Λ࣋ͪɼϑ
ϨʔϜϨʔτͯ͠͸ɼਓ͕ؒಈըͱͯ͠ҧ࿨‫ײ‬Λ‫͍ͳ͡ײ‬
Ϩʔτͱ͞ΕΔ 8 fps Ҏ্Λੑೳͷ໨ඪͱͨ͠ɽRSNP Ͱ
ਤ7
RSiCameraRobot ͷ֓‫؍‬
͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽը૾ॲཧʹ͸ picker ͱ capture Λར༻͠ɼࣗ
ಈয఺‫ػ‬ೳʹରԠͨ͠ɽ
͞ΒʹɼJava Ͱ͸ΨϕʔδίϨΫγϣϯʹΑΓϝϞϦ؅
ཧ͕ࣗಈԽ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷʹର͠ɼCocoa ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ
͸ࢀরΧ΢ϯλํ͕ࣜ࠾༻͞Ε͓ͯΓɼϝϞϦϦʔΫରࡦ
͕໰୊ʹͳΔɽ·ͨɼCocoa ͷఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ UI ෦඼ʹ͸ॲཧ࣌
͕ؒେ͖͍΋ͷ͕ଘࡏ͠ɼੑೳ޲্ͷোนʹͳΔɽ͜ΕΒ
Λߟྀͯ͠ΞʔΩςΫνϟΛઃ‫ͨ͠ܭ‬ɽ݁ՌΛਤ 6 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
4.2. RSiCameraRobot ͷ࣮૷
iRSNP Λར༻͠ɼiPhone Λ༻͍ͨΧϝϥϩϘοτ RSiCameraRobot Λ࣮૷ͨ͠ [10]ɽϩϘοτͷ֓‫؍‬Λਤ 7 ʹ
ࣔ͢ɽຊΧϝϥϩϘοτ͸ɼ3. Ͱड़΂ֶͨज़‫༻ڀݚ‬αΠτ
ʹ઀ଓ͢Δͱ‫ݟ‬कΓαʔϏεΛར༻Ͱ͖ɼ͜ΕʹΑΓ‫ࢹ؂‬
γεςϜͷߏங͕ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼiRSNP ্ʹΧϝ
ϥը૾Λ distribute camera image Λ༻͍ͯ࿈ଓతʹసૹ
͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ։ൃ͠ɼೝূ‫ػ‬ೳͱͱ΋ʹఏ‫͠ڙ‬
͍ͯΔɽճઢෛՙΛ௿‫͢ݮ‬ΔͨΊʹɼ‫ܞ‬ଳి࿩ճઢΛར༻
͢Δࡍʹ͸ɼऔಘը૾ͷղ૾౓Λ੍‫͢ݶ‬Δ࢓૊Έ͓Αͼస
ૹ଎౓Λམͱ͢࢓૊ΈΛಋೖ͍ͯ͠Δɽ
͸ɼը૾Λ࿈ଓͯ͠సૹ͢Δϓϩτίϧͱͯ͠ɼMultime-
dia profile ʹ distribute camera imageʢαʔό͔Βͷཁ
‫ٻ‬Λ‫ʹػܖ‬ϩϘοτ͕ඇಉ‫ʹظ‬ը૾Λ഑৴͠ଓ͚Δϓϩτ
ίϧʣ͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰɼ͜ΕΛར༻͢Δɽ
4.3. ੑೳධՁ
ࢼ࡞ͨ͠ iRSNP ͷ௨৴࿏ͯ͠ͷੑೳɼը૾औಘ/సૹͷ
ੑೳʹ͍ͭͯධՁΛߦͬͨͷͰɼͦͷ݁ՌΛใࠂ͢Δɽ
ϩϘοτଆͰͷը૾औಘ͔Βసૹ·Ͱͷॲཧ͸ɼΧϝϥ
͔Βͷը૾औಘɼը૾ͷ JPEG ը૾΁ͷม‫׵‬ɼJPEG ը૾
ͷαʔό΁ͷૹ৴ͷॱʹͳΔɽຊߘͰ͸ɼ͜ΕΒΛ௚ྻʹ
ߦ͏௚ྻํࣜͱɼը૾औಘͱ JPEG ม‫׵‬ɼૹ৴ͱΛฒྻʹ
ߦ͏ฒྻํࣜͷ 2 छྨͷํࣜΛ࣮૷͠ൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽ
4.1.3.
࣮૷্ͷ޻෉
iPhone ͷ։ൃʹ͸ɼObjective-C ‫ ͱޠݴ‬Cocoa ϑϨʔ
ϜϫʔΫΛ࢖͏ඞཁ͕͋Δ͕ɼ͜ͷ্Ͱ RSNP ͷ‫ػ‬ೳ͕࣮
૷Ͱ͖Δ͔͕՝୊ͱͳΔɽCocoa ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸γϯά
ϧεϨουͷ GUI ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃʹ͸ద͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɼ
RSNP ͸ϩϘοτͱϩϘοταʔϏεͷؒʹ্Լ 2 ຊͷ௨
৴࿏Λ࣋ͪඇಉ‫͢ޚ੍ʹظ‬Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊϚϧν
εϨουʹͤ͟ΔΛಘͣɼ௨ৗͷϓϩάϥϛϯάͰ͸Ӆณ
͞Ε͍ͯΔ runLoop ॲཧΛߦ͏͜ͱʹΑΓɼRSNP Ͱཁ
‫͞ٻ‬ΕΔ௨৴ύέοτΛ࢓༷Ͳ͓Γͷॱ൪Ͱ΍ΓͱΓ͢Δ
4.3.1. ࣮‫ڥ؀ݧ‬
࣮‫ݧ‬͸ɼiRSNP Λ౥ࡌͨ͠ iPhone 3GSʢiOS 4.1ɼARM
600 MHzʣɼiPhone 4ʢiOS 4.1ɼARM 1 GHzʣɼൺֱର
৅ͱͯ͠ RSNP2.3 ϥΠϒϥϦΛ౥ࡌͨ͠ PCʢMac OS X
v10.6.5ɼCore 2 Duo 2.4 GHzɼ4MBʣΛ༻͍ɼαʔϏε
ଆʹಉ͡‫ܕ‬ͷ PCɼແઢ LAN ‫ ͯ͠ͱڥ؀‬AirMac Extreme
ʢIEEE 802.11 b/g/nʣΛ༻͍ͨɽJPEG ม‫׵‬ͷ compression quality ͸ 0.6 ͱͨ͠ɽ
4.3.2. ༧උ࣮‫ݧ‬
‫ج‬ຊੑೳͱͯ͠ɼύέοτΛૹ৴͔ͯ͠ΒԠ౴͕ฦΔ·
Ͱͷ࣌ؒʢΦʔόϔου࣌ؒʣΛϝοηʔδύλʔϯຖʹ
ଌఆͨ͠ɽσʔλ௕͸ϖΠϩʔυ 10 KB Ͱ͋Δɽ݁ՌΛද
1 ʹࣔ͢ɽαʔό‫఺ى‬ϩϘοτԠ౴‫ܕ‬ͷ݁ՌͰ͋Δ 33 ms.
Λɼ‫ط‬ଘͷ RSNP ϥΠϒϥϦͷԠ౴࣌
小型ロボットを利用した簡易型 RSNP ロボットサービス開発環境の構築
ද1
57
iRSNP ௨৴ͷΦʔόϔου
ϝοηʔδύλʔϯ
Φʔόϔου
ϩϘοτ‫఺ى‬αʔό௨஌‫ܕ‬
18 ms.
ϩϘοτ‫఺ى‬αʔόԠ౴‫ܕ‬
33 ms.
ϩϘοτ‫఺ى‬αʔό഑৴‫ܕ‬
30 ms.
(֤഑৴͝ͱ)
αʔό‫఺ى‬ϩϘοτ௨஌‫ܕ‬
33 ms.
αʔό‫఺ى‬ϩϘοτԠ౴‫ܕ‬
33 ms.
αʔό‫఺ى‬ϩϘοτ഑৴‫ܕ‬
35 ms.
(֤഑৴͝ͱ)
ද2
iRSNP ͷੑೳධՁ݁Ռ
‫ػ‬छ
ϐΫηϧ
ํࣜ
Ϩʔτ
αΠζ
CPU
3GS
240×160
௚ྻ
9.0fps
10.0fps
7.1KB
7.5KB
38%
53%
7.3fps
9.4fps
9.5KB
7.5 KB
30%
39%
7.0fps
6.8fps
15.5KB
15.0KB
69%
57%
7.2fps
6.9fps
12.6KB
12.9KB
39%
42%
ฒྻ
4
240×160
௚ྻ
ฒྻ
3GS
320×240
௚ྻ
ฒྻ
4
320×240
௚ྻ
ฒྻ
ਤ9
γεςϜͷߏ੒
UITextView Λ༻͍ͯΞϓϦ͔Βͷ৘ใΛਵ࣌஝ੵ͠ɼ2 ඵ
ִؒͰεΫϩʔϧͯ͠৘ใͷ࠷‫ޙ‬ඌΛදࣔͤ͞Δ࣮‫ݧ‬Λߦͬ
ͨɽଌఆ͸ϐΫηϧ਺ 200×200ɼiPhone 3GS Λ࢖༻͠ɼ
σόοΨʹ઀ଓͨ͠‫ͨͬߦͰڥ؀‬ɽ݁ՌΛਤ 8 ʹࣔ͢ɽ͜
͔͜ΒɼεΫϩʔϧͳ͠ͷ৔߹ʹൺ΂ JPEG ॲཧ͕࣌ؒେ
෯ʹ৳ͼ͓ͯΓɼJPEG ॲཧ͸ distribute camera image
ॲཧͷେ൒Λ઎Ί͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɽ
4.4.
ߟ࡯
ੑೳධՁͷ݁ՌΛҎԼʹ·ͱΊΔɽ
• ը૾औಘ/సૹͰ͸ɼiPhone 4ɼ3GS ͱ΋ʹɼQVGA
ͷ൒෼ͷαΠζͷը૾Ͱ౰ॳͷ໨ඪ஋Ͱ͋Δ 8 fps
Ҏ্ͷసૹϨʔτΛୡ੒Ͱ͖ͨɽiPhone 3GS Ͱ͸ɼ
CPU ࢖༻཰͕ 40%͔Β 60%ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰɼCPU
ύϫʔʹରͯ͠ॲཧ଎౓͕৳ͼͣɼCPU ࢖༻཰͕Լ
͕͍ͬͯΔɽ͜Ε͸ OS ͷ੍‫ʹޚ‬ΑΔ΋ͷͱࢥΘΕΔɽ
• ฒྻํࣜ͸ɼ௚ྻํࣜͱ͕ࠩͳ͍৔߹͕͋Δɽը૾ѹ
ॖ͕࣌ؒ௕͘ɼ௨৴͕े෼ૣ͍৔߹ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔ͕ɼ
௨৴ෛՙ͕ߴ͍ແઢ‫Ͱڥ؀‬͸ฒྻํ͕ࣜ༗ޮͰ͋Δɽ
ਤ8
RSNP ॲཧ΁ͷ UI ෦඼ͷӨ‫ڹ‬
ؒ 26 ms.ʢจ‫[ ݙ‬11] ʹ͓͚ΔϖΠϩʔυ 10 KBɼ༗ઢωο
τϫʔΫଳҬ 100 MbpsɼCPU Core 2 Duo 2 GHzʣͱൺ
ֱ͢ΔͱɼϩϘοτଆͷ CPU ͷҧ͍ɼແઢ LAN/༗ઢ LAN
ͷҧ͍ΛՃຯ͢Ε͹ɼଥ౰ͳ஋Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽͦͷ
ͨΊɼ͜ͷ݁ՌΛɼϩϘοταʔϏεͷγεςϜੑೳͷ‫ݟ‬
ੵΓʹར༻͢Δ͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽ
• εΫϩʔϧ౳ͷ UI ෦඼͸ CPU Ϧιʔεͷফඅ͕େ
͖͍ɽ͞Βʹ CPU ׂΓ౰ͯͷ༏ઌ౓͕ߴ͍ͱࢥΘ
Εɼը૾ѹॖ౳ CPU Λଟ͘ফඅ͢ΔॲཧΛ஗Βͤෆ
҆ఆʹ͍ͯ͠Δɽੑೳ͕ཁ‫͞ٻ‬ΕΔॲཧͱಉ࣌ʹར
༻͠ͳ͍Α͏੍‫͢ޚ‬Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼߴ଎Ͱ҆ఆͨ͠
ॲཧΛ࣮‫͖Ͱݱ‬Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
ࢼ࡞݁Ռ͔Β͸ɼiRSNP ͸ଞͷ࣮૷ͱൺ΂ଝ৭ͷͳ͍ੑ
ೳͰ͋Δ͜ͱɼը૾औಘ/ సૹॲཧʹ͓͍ͯ΋౰ॳͷ໨ඪੑ
ೳΛୡ੒ՄೳͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɽຊ࣮૷͸ RSNP ࢓༷
4.3.3. ը૾औಘ/సૹͷੑೳ
લઅͰ‫ن‬ఆͨ͠໨ඪੑೳΛୡ੒͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛ‫͢ূݕ‬Δ
ͨΊɼੑೳʹେ͖ͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ༩͑Δɼ‫ػ‬छɼϐΫηϧ਺ɼॲ
ཧํࣜΛมԽͤ͞ɼసૹϨʔτɼը૾αΠζɼCPU ࢖༻཰
Λଌఆͨ͠ɽͳ͓ଌఆ͸ɼసૹΛ 1,000 ճ‫܁‬Γฦ͠ฏ‫ۉ‬Λ
‫ٻ‬ΊΔ࣮‫ݧ‬Λ 3 ճ‫܁‬Γฦͨ͠ɽ݁ՌΛද 2 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
࣍ʹɼCocoa ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ UI ෦඼ʹ͓͚Δॲཧ࣌
ؒͷӨ‫ڹ‬ΛධՁ͢ΔͨΊʹɼiRSNP ͷը૾సૹͱฒྻʹɼ
Λ΋ͱʹߦͬͨ΋ͷͰɼRSNP ͷෳ਺࣮૷ͷ‫ʹূݕ‬΋ͳͬ
͍ͯΔɽҰํɼiRSNP Λ࢖ͬͨࡍͷը૾సૹͷσʔλྔ͸ɼ
1 ը໘͋ͨΓ 12∼15 KB ͱ૝ఆ͢Δͱɼ࠷଎ͷ৔߹Ͱ 0.8
Mbps ఔ౓Ͱ͋Δɽগ਺ͷϩϘοτΛϩʔΧϧͳαʔόͰ
ॲཧ͢Δʹ͸໰୊ͳ͍͕ɼΠϯλʔωοτʹ઀ଓͨ͠ϗε
τͰେྔͷϩϘοτ͔ΒͷॲཧΛड͚෇͚Δͷ͸‫࣮ݱ‬తͰ
͸ͳ͍ɽͦͷ৔߹͸ɼϩʔΧϧαʔόͱΠϯλʔωοτʹ
઀ଓͨ͠ϗετͷ໾ׂ෼୲Λ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ
58
成田雅彦
6.
ロボットの操作
͓ΘΓʹ
ຊߘͰ͸ɼখ‫ܕ‬ϩϘοτΛར༻ͨ͠؆қ‫ ܕ‬RSNP ϩϘο
ταʔϏε։ൃ‫ڥ؀‬ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽຊ‫ڥ؀‬͸ɼ։ൃ/࣮ߦαΠ
τͰ͋ΔʮRSi ֶज़‫ڀݚ‬αΠτʯͱϩϘοτΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯͰ͋ΔʮRSiCameraRobotʯ͔Β੒Γɼ։ൃऀ͸ɼখ‫ܕ‬
ϩϘοτ΍εϚʔτϑΥϯΛར༻ͯ͠ϩϘοτΛ։ൃ͢Δ͜
ͱʹΑΓɼଞͷϩϘοτʹ΋ద༻Մೳͳιϑτ΢ΣΞΛ։ൃ
Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔɽຊߘͰ͸͞Βʹɼখ‫ܕ‬ϩϘοτʢLEGO
送信するメッセージを入力する
ਤ 10
送信する
ϩϘοτ੍‫༻ޚ‬ը໘ͷΠϝʔδ
5. αʔϏεϩϘοτ΁ͷ RSNP ͷ࣮૷
ఏҊͨ͠؆қ‫ ܕ‬RSNP ϩϘοταʔϏε։ൃ‫ڥ؀‬ͷ༗ޮ
ੑΛ‫͢ূݕ‬ΔͨΊʹɼෳ਺ϩϘοτ΁ͷ RSNP ͷ࣮૷ྫͱ
ͯ͠ɼLEGO NXT ʹখ‫ ܕ‬PC Λ૊Έ߹Θ࣮ͤͯ‫ͨ͠ݱ‬ϩ
Ϙοτͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΛɼେ‫ܕ‬ͷ෋࢜௨੡αʔϏεϩϘο
τ enon ʹҠ২ͨ͠ɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼαʔόଆͷ‫ূݕ‬Λ߹Θͤ
ͯߦ͏ͨΊʹɼΫϥ΢υ‫Ͱ্ڥ؀‬ͷαʔό‫ػ‬ೳͷߏங΋ࢼ
ΈͨɽγεςϜߏ੒Λਤ 9 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
NXTʣʹ࣮૷ͨ͠ RSNP ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛͦͷ··αʔ
ϏεϩϘοτʢenonʣʹҠ২͠ɼಉ͡αʔϏεΛར༻Ͱ͖
Δ͜ͱΛ‫ͨ͠ূݕ‬ɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼϩϘοτ‫ػ‬ೳͷ௥ՃɼҟͳΔϓ
ϥοτϑΥʔϜ΁ͷద༻౳ΛਐΊ͍ͯ͘༧ఆͰ͋Δɽ
ँࣙ
ຊ‫ڀݚ‬ΛਐΊΔʹ͋ͨΓɼRSi ࢓༷ࡦఆϫʔΩϯάάϧʔ
ϓͷօ͞·ʹ‫و‬ॏͳ͝ҙ‫ݟ‬Λ௖͖·ͨ͠ɼ·ͨɼ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़
େֶӃେֶͷ‫ेޒ‬ཛྷొ͞Μɼେࢁ௚ਓ͞Μɼᴡ౻༝߳ར͞
Μɼࡕ‫ޱ‬࿨໌͞Μɼ֯ాཾଠ͞Μɼத઒޾ࢠ͞Μɼதࢁԝ
࢜͞Μʹ͸ LEGO NXT ͓Αͼ enon ΁ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯͷ࣮૷ʹ͝‫ྗڠ‬௖͖·ͨ͠ɽ͜͜ʹ‫ँײ‬ͷҙΛද͠·͢ɽ
খ‫ ܕ‬PC ΁ͷ࣮૷‫ػ‬ೳ͸ɼԕִૢ࡞ɼը૾औಘ/సૹɼԻ
੠ग़ྗͷ 3 छྨͰ͋Δɽԕִૢ࡞͸ɼΠϯλʔωοτ‫ܦ‬༝
ͰϩϘοτΛԕִૢ࡞͢Δ΋ͷͰɼϘλϯૢ࡞ʹΑΓϩϘο
ࢀߟจ‫ݙ‬
τΛલ‫ࠨޙ‬ӈʹҠಈͤ͞Δɽը૾औಘ/సૹ͸ɼϩϘοτͷ
ΧϝϥͰը૾Λऔಘ͠ɼͦΕΛϒϥ΢βʹ࿈ଓసૹ͢Δ‫ػ‬
ೳͰ͋ΔɽԻ੠ग़ྗ͸ɼϢʔβ͕ϒϥ΢βʹೖྗͨ͠จࣈ
ྻΛϩϘοτ͕ಡΈ্͛Δ‫ػ‬ೳͰ͋Δɽখ‫ ܕ‬PC ʹ͸Ի੠
ಡΈ্͛‫ػ‬ೳ͕ͳ͍ͨΊɼίϯιʔϧ΁ͷจࣈྻͷग़ྗͰ
ຊ‫ػ‬ೳΛ୅ସ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ΕΒΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬ΔͨΊͷ RSNP ͷ
ϓϩϑΝΠϧͱͯ͠͸ɼԕִૢ࡞ͷͨΊʹ Motion profile
Λɼը૾΍Ի੠σʔλΛѻ͏ͨΊʹ Multimedia profile Λ
ར༻͍ͯ͠ΔɽϢʔβ͕Πϯλʔωοτ‫ܦ‬༝ͰϩϘοτΛ
ૢ࡞͢Δը໘Λਤ 10 ʹࣔ͢ɽ
ϩϘοτͷ੍‫ޚ‬͸ɼRSNP Λར༻ͯ͠Ϋϥ΢υ্ͷαʔ
όʹΑΓߦΘΕΔɽRSNP Λར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɼαʔόͱϩ
Ϙοτؒͷ௨৴࢓༷͕‫ڞ‬௨Խ͞ΕΔͨΊɼ༷ʑͳछྨͷϩ
Ϙοτ͕‫ڞ‬௨ͷαʔϏεΛར༻ՄೳʹͳΔɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼ΋ͱ
΋ͱখ‫ ܕ‬PC ্ʹ࣮૷͞ΕɼLEGO NXT Λૢ࡞͍ͯͨ͠
ιϑτ΢ΣΞΛɼେ‫ܕ‬ͷαʔϏεϩϘοτ enon Ͱ΋ར༻͢
Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͰ͋ͬͨɽenon Λ੍‫͢ޚ‬Διϑτ΢ΣΞ͸৽
ͨʹίʔσΟϯά͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ͕ɼΠϯλʔωοτ্Ͱ
ఏ‫͞ڙ‬ΕΔαʔϏεͱɼͦͷαʔϏεʹΞΫηε͢Δ෦෼
͸‫ڞ‬௨Ͱར༻ՄೳͰ͋ΔɽϢʔβ͕ར༻͢ΔΠϯλϑΣʔ
ε΋ɼਤ 10 ʹࣔ͢΋ͷΛ‫ڞ‬༗Ͱ͖Δɽͭ·Γɼେ‫ܕ‬ϩϘο
τͷೖख͕ࠔ೉Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋ɼখ‫ܕ‬ϩϘοτͰಈ࡞ͷ‫ূݕ‬΍
αʔϏε෦෼ͷ։ൃΛߦ͍ɼͦΕΛ༰қʹαʔϏεϩϘο
τʹల։͢Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕‫͖ͨͰূݕ‬ɽ
͜͜Ͱߏஙͨ͠ 2 छྨͷϩϘοτʢLEGO NXT ͱ enonʣ
͸ɼ2011 ࠃࡍϩϘοτలͷ‫ؒظ‬த࿈ଓՔಈ͠ɼ҆ఆӡ༻͕
ՄೳͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕‫͞ূݕ‬Εͨɽ
[1] N. Ando, T. Suehiro, K. Kitagaki, T. Kotoku
and W. Yoon, “RT-Middleware: Distributed Component Middleware for RT (Robot Technology),”
IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems 2005 (IROS 2005),
pp. 3933–3938, 2005.
[2] M. Quigley, K. Conley and B. Gerkey, “ROS: an
open-source Robot Operating System,” IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) Workshop on Open Source Robotics
2009, 2009.
[3] RoboEarth, http://www.roboearth.org/
[4] R. Arumugam, R. Enti, L. Bingbing, W. Xiaojun, K. Baskaran, F. King, A. Kumar, K. Meng
and G. KitVikas, “DAvinCi: A Cloud Computing
Framework for Service Robots,” IEEE International Conference on Robotics 2010, 2010.
[5] ੒ాխ඙, ଜ઒լ඙, ২໦ඒ࿨, Ԭྛ‫ܡ‬थ, ळ‫ޱ‬஧ࡾ,
೔Ӝ྄ଠ, ଂాӳ೭, Ճ౻༝Ֆ, “ΠϯλʔωοτΛ‫׆‬
༻ͨ͠ϩϘοταʔϏεͷ࣮‫ͱݱ‬։ൃΛࢧԉ͢Δ RSi
ʢRobot Service InitiativeʣͷऔΓ૊Έ,” ೔ຊϩϘο
τֶձࢽ, Vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 829–840, 2010.
[6] RSi Robot Service initiative,
http://robotservices.org/
小型ロボットを利用した簡易型 RSNP ロボットサービス開発環境の構築
[7] ੒ాխ඙, ଜ઒լ඙, ২໦ඒ࿨, தຊ‫ܒ‬೭, ฏ໺ઢ࣏, ଂ
ాӳ೭, Ճ౻༝Ֆ, “ී‫ظٴ‬ͷϩϘοταʔϏε‫ج‬൫Λ໨
ࢦ͢ RSNPʢRobot Service Networl Protocolʣ2.0
ͷ։ൃ,” ೔ຊϩϘοτֶձࢽ, Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. 857–
867, 2009.
[8] 2011 ࠃࡍϩϘοτల,
http://www.nikkan.co.jp/eve/irex/
[9] Y. Kato, T. Izui, Y. Murakawa, K. Okabayashi,
M. Ueki, Y. Tsuchiya and M. Narita, “RSiCloud for Integrating Robot Services with Internet Services,” The 37th Annual Conference of
the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON
2011), pp. 2164–2169, 2011.
[10] RSiCameraRobot,
http://itunes.apple.com/jp/app/rsicamerarobot/
id465884650?mt=8
[11] ଜ઒լ඙, ২໦ඒ࿨, Ԭྛ‫ܡ‬थ, “RSNP2.2 ࢓༷ͱ Android ൛ϥΠϒϥϦ,” ୈ 28 ճ೔ຊϩϘοτֶձֶज़
ߨԋձ༧ߘू, RSJ2010AC2C2-1, 2010.
59
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.61－66 （2012） 〔論文〕
䝏䞊䝮タィ䛻䜘䜛 3D-CAD/RP 䛾ᐇົᩍ⫱
⯓㔝ᑑ୔*㻌 䞉㻌 ᶫᮏὒᚿ*㻌 䞉㻌 బ䚻ᮌಙኵ**㻌 䞉㻌 ྜྷᒸ⚽᫂***㻌 䞉㻌 ᰩཎᏹ***
Practical training of 3D-CAD/RP with team design
Toshitake Tateno*, Hiroshi Hashimoto*, Nobuo Sasaki**,
Hideaki Yoshioka*** and Hiroshi Kurihara***
Abstract
In recent mechanical and electrical products, knowledge intensive product design is required for
creating high-value-added products. Considering these trends, a design training program was planned
and implemented for next generation product designers. In this program, every trainee belongs to a
team and designs at least one part of the target product as a 3D-CAD model. These part models are
assembled with other models in a common virtual space and fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP). The
models are redesigned many times with discussions exchanged among team members. Not only
technical skills of 3D-CAD/RP but also communication skills were trained through creating one
product. In this paper, contents of the program carried out three times are introduced, and the
knowledge gained through the practices are presented.
Keywords: 3D-CAD, Rapid Prototyping, Team Design, Communication Skill, Education
1.
䛿䛨䜑䛻
㟁ẼᶵᲔ〇ရ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿ప౯᱁໬➇த䜈䛾ᑐᢠ䛸䛧䛶䚸
㧗ᗘ䛺ᢏ⾡䛻䜘䜚㧗௜ຍ౯್䜢ᣢ䛴〇ရ㛤Ⓨ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䚸
௒ᚋ䜒䛣䛾ഴྥ䛜㢧ⴭ䛻䛺䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑タィ䛷
䛿㧗ᗘ䛺ᑓ㛛▱㆑䜢ᣢ䛳䛯ᢏ⾡⪅㞟ᅋ䛻䜘䜛ඹྠసᴗ䛜ᚲ
㡲䛸䛺䜚䚸ḟୡ௦⏘ᴗ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻ᦠ䜟䜛䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䛻䛸䛳䛶䚸
䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䛜ᚲ㡲䛾䝇䜻䝹䛻䛺䜛䛣䛸䛿᫂䜙䛛䛷䛒䜛䚹
୍᪉䛷䚸タィ䛷䛾ィ⟬ᶵᨭ᥼䛷䛿䚸ᶵᲔ⣔䜔㟁Ẽ⣔䛾
CAD(Computer-Aided Design)䚸ྛ✀䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝒䞊
䝹䛺䛹䚸ከ䛟䛾䝒䞊䝹䛜ά⏝䛥䜜䚸〇ရ䛾㧗ᗘ໬䛻క䛳䛶ᚲ
㟂ရ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸ḟୡ௦⏘ᴗ䜢ᢸ䛖䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䛻䛸䛳䛶䚸䝕䝆䝍
䝹䝕䞊䝍䜢ඹ᭷䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸䝏䞊䝮䛷タィ䜢㐍䜑䜛⬟ຊ䛿ᚲ
㡲䛸䛔䛘䜛䚹౛䛘䜀ᶵᲔ⣔䛾タィ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸〇ရ䛾䠏ḟඖ
ᙧ≧䝰䝕䝹䝕䞊䝍䜢」ᩘே䛷ඹ᭷䛧䚸୍䛴䛾〇ရタィ䜢༠
ㄪⓗ䛻㐍䜑䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛿䚸⯟✵ᶵ䜔⮬ື㌴䛺䛹䛾㒊ရⅬᩘ
䛾ከ䛔〇ရ䜢ᢅ䛖௻ᴗ䛷䛿᪤䛻୍⯡ⓗ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧
䛺䛜䜙䚸ྠ䛨௻ᴗ䜔䜾䝹䞊䝥௻ᴗ䛸䛔䛳䛯ඹ㏻䛾ᩍ⫱䝅䝇䝔
䝮ᣢ䛳䛯⤌⧊䛻㝈䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸ඹ㏻䛾ᩍ⫱䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᣢ䛯䛺
䛔௻ᴗ䛻䜘䜛㐃ᦠ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺タィ䝥䝻
䝉䝇䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䚹
䛸䛣䜝䛜㏆ᖺ䚸䜾䝹䞊䝥௻ᴗ䛾༢఩䛸䛿ู䛻䚸ᆅᇦ༢఩䛷
୰ᑠ௻ᴗ䛾ᣢ䛴㧗ᗘ䛺ᢏ⾡䜢㞟⣙䛧䚸᪂䛧䛔〇ရ䛵䛟䜚䜢
䛩䜛ヨ䜏䛜䜏䜙䜜䜛䚹౛䛘䜀䚸ရᕝ༊䛷䛿䚸䛂㏆㞄䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔
䜱䞊䝅䝇䝔䝮 [1]䛃䛾㛤Ⓨᐇ㊶౛䛜䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䚸௻ᴗ㛫㐃
ᦠ䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䜘䜛᪂〇ရ㛤Ⓨ䜢䛥䜙䛻ಁ㐍䛩䜛䛻䛿䚸ᆅ
ᇦ㛫䛷ඹ㏻䛺タィ䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢స䜚ୖ䛢䜛䛣䛸䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜚䚸
Received on October 18, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology䠈AIIT
**OPI䠈Open Institute䠈AIIT
*** (ᰴ)䝕䝄䜲䞁䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䠈Design Network Co. Ltd.
䛭䛾ᩍ⫱䛾ሙ䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛䚹
䛭䛣䛷ᮏᏛ䛷䛿䚸ᙧ≧タィ䜢ᑐ㇟䛻䚸ᆅᇦ䛷䛾௻ᴗ㛫㐃
ᦠ䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᩍ⫱䛸䛧䛶◊ಟ
䜢௻⏬䛧䚸ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾◊ಟ䛾୍㒊䛿᪤䛻⤂௓ [2]䛥䜜䛶䛔
䜛䛜䚸ᮏ✏䛷䛿䚸䛣䜜䜎䛷䠏ᅇᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯◊ಟ䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸
ᚓ䜙䜜䛯▱ぢ䜢ᩚ⌮䛩䜛䚹
2.
2.1.
ᶵᲔ⣔ 3D-CAD 䛸 RP
3D-CAD
ᶵᲔ⣔䛾 CAD 䛿ィ⟬ᶵ䜢౑䛳䛶ᅗ㠃䜢ᥥ⏬䛩䜛䛔䜟䜖
䜛 Computer-Aided Drawing 䛻ጞ䜎䜛䛜䚸᭱㏆䛷䛿 3 ḟඖ
䝕䞊䝍䜢ᣢ䛳䛯❧య䝰䝕䝹䛸䛧䛶ᙧ≧䜢⾲⌧䛩䜛䛔䜟䜖䜛
3D-CAD(3-Dimensional Computer-Aided Design)䛜୺
ὶ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹ᅗ㠃䛿ᙧ≧䜔〇㐀᝟ሗ䛺䛹䜢グ㏙䛧䚸タィ
⪅䛸⏕⏘ᢏ⾡⪅㛫䛾᝟ሗఏ㐩䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸❧య䝰䝕䝹
䛷䛿䚸䝺䞁䝎䝸䞁䜾䛺䛹䜢᪋䛧䛯䜾䝷䝣䜱䜽䝇⾲⌧䚸㉁㔞䛺䛹䛾
≀⌮ィ⟬䚸ᵓ㐀ゎᯒ䚸ຍᕤ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛺䛹䚸䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊
䝅䝵䞁䛸⤫ྜ䛧䛯฼⏝䛻䝯䝸䝑䝖䛜䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䛯䜑タィ㛤Ⓨ䛾
ୖὶ䛛䜙ୗὶ䛻䜟䛯䜛䚸䝬䞊䜿䝔䜱䞁䜾䛛䜙䚸䜲䞁䝎䝇䝖䝸䜰䝹
䝕䝄䜲䞁䚸タィ䚸ゎᯒ䚸ຍᕤ䚸⤌❧䚸㈍኎䚸ಖ඲䛸䛔䛳䛯〇
ရ䝷䜲䝣䝃䜲䜽䝹䛻䜟䛯䜛ᗈ⠊ᅖ䛾ᴗົάື䜢䚸❧య䝰䝕䝹
䜢䝧䞊䝇䛻〇ရ䝰䝕䝹䜢ඹ᭷䛧䚸⤫ྜ䛧䛶䛔䛟᪉ྥ䛻䛒䜛䚹
䛣 䛾 䜘 䛖 䛺 ഴ ྥ䛛 䜙 䚸 タ ィ 㛤 Ⓨ 䛻ᦠ 䜟 䜛 ㄡ 䛷 䜒 䛜⮬ 䜙
3D-CAD 䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢฼⏝䛧䚸ᴗົ䛻⏕䛛䛧䛶䛔䛟䝇䜻䝹䛜ồ
䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹䛥䜙䛻䛿䚸3D-CAD 䛷䛾〇ရ䝰䝕䝹䜢௚⪅䛸䜔䜚
ྲྀ䜚䜢䛧䛺䛜䜙୍䛴䛾〇ရタィ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䛟䝏䞊䝮タィ⬟ຊ
䛜୙ྍḞ䛸䛺䜛䚹
62
2.2.
舘野寿丈
RP
䝷䝢䝑䝗䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾(Rapid Prototyping䚸 RP)䛿䚸㎿
㏿䛺ヨస䜢ព࿡䛧䚸ᙧ≧タィ䛾ศ㔝䛷ゝ䛘䜀䚸3D-CAD 䛷
䝞䞊䝏䝱䝹䛻タィ䛥䜜䛯ᙧ≧䜢ᐇయ≀䛸䛧䛶༶ᗙ䛻సᡂ䛩
䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹ᙧ≧タィ䛾ሙྜ䚸ᙧ䛾᭤㠃䛾ලྜ䜔䚸ᡭ䛻ྲྀ
䛳䛯䛸䛝䛾ឤぬ䛺䛹䛿䚸ィ⟬ᶵ䛻ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛯ᫎീ䛰䛡䛷䛿ホ
౯䛧䛻䛟䛔䛾䛷䚸ᐇయ䛾䛒䜛≀䛸䛧䛶స䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䜜䜛䚹
䜎䛯䚸ヲ⣽タィ䛷䜰䝉䞁䝤䝸㒊ရ䜢タィ䛩䜛㝿䛻䚸㒊ရ㛫䛾
᥋ゐ䜔䜽䝸䜰䝷䞁䝇䚸⤌䜏௜䛡䛺䛹䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛜䚸ィ⟬ᶵ䛷
䛾ᩘ್ⓗ䛺⾲⌧䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䚸ឤぬⓗ䛺㔞䛸䛧䛶ឤ䛨䜛䛯䜑䛻
䜒䚸䛭䛾ホ౯䛻ᐇయ≀䛿᭷┈䛷䛒䜛䚹
RP 䛻䜘䜛ᙧ≧⏕ᡂ䛾᪉ἲ䛻䛿䚸䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾᪉ἲ䛜䛒䜛䛜䚸
⌧ᅾ䛿✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ䛻䜘䜛᪉ἲ䛜୺ὶ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䛥䜙䛻䚸✚
ᒙ㐀ᙧἲ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䚸ග㐀ᙧ䚸ᢲ䛧ฟ䛧ᡂᆺ䚸⢊ᮎ᥋╔䛺䛹䚸
ᩘከ䛟䛾᪉ἲ䛜㛤Ⓨ䛥䜜䚸䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾≉ᚩ䜢⏕䛛䛧䛯ά⏝
䛜䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹ᙧ≧タィ䛷䛿䚸ᐇయ≀䛻䜘䜛ホ౯䛜㔜せ䛷䛒
䜚䚸䛭䛾༶ᗙ䛻䝣䜱䞊䝗䝞䝑䜽䜢䛧䛺䛜䜙ಟṇタィ䛩䜛䝥䝻䝉
䝇䜢Ꮫ䜆䛯䜑䛻᭷┈䛺䝒䞊䝹䛷䛒䜛䚹
2.3.
ࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾேᮦ⫱ᡂ࣭☜ಖ஦ᴗ
ⴭ⪅䜙䛾ᡤᒓ䛩䜛⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛿䚸ᆅᇦ⏘ᴗ䜈
䛾㈉⊩䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛⤌⧊䛸䛧䛶䚸OPI(Open Institute)䜢タ
⨨䛧䚸ᆅᇦ௻ᴗ䛸䛾ඹྠ◊✲䛾ᨭ᥼䜔䚸䝉䝭䝘䞊䛺䛹䜢௻
⏬䞉ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾άື䛾୍⎔䛸䛧䛶䚸䛂௚⪅䛸㐃ᦠ䛧䛺
䛜䜙ᐇົ䝺䝧䝹䛷᪂〇ရ㛤Ⓨ䜢ᡂ䛧㐙䛢䜛⬟ຊ㇏䛛䛺♫఍
ே⫱ᡂ䛃஦ᴗ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸ᖹᡂ 22 ᖺᗘ 1 ḟ䞉2 ḟ䞉2
ḟ㏣ຍศ䛾඲ᅜ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᅋయ୰ኸ఍䛾⿵ຓ஦ᴗ䛷䛒䜛䛂䜒
䛾䛵䛟䜚ேᮦ⫱ᡂ䞉☜ಖ஦ᴗ䛃 [3]䛾ጤクඛ䛸䛧䛶᥇ᢥ䛥䜜䛯
◊ಟ䛷䛒䜛䚹
ᮏ◊ಟ䛿䝏䞊䝮ຊ䛾㣴ᡂ䜢䜻䞊䝽䞊䝗䛸䛧䛯䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮
䜢ᵓᡂ䛧䛶䛔䜛Ⅼ䛻≉ᚩ䜢ᣢ䛴䚹◊ಟ䛿」ᩘ䛾䝁䞊䝇䛜䛒䜚䚸
䛭䜜䜙䛿ᐇ᪋ᅇẖ䛻␗䛺䜛䛜䚸3D-CAD/RP 䛾䝁䞊䝇䛿䠏ᅇ
䛸䜒ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯䚹䛔䛪䜜䜒䠍䡚䠎㐌㛫䛾㛗ᮇ㛫䛻Ώ䜛඘ᐇ䛧
䛯ෆᐜ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹
3.
CAD/RP ㅮᗙ䛾䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮
ᅗ 1䡚ᅗ 3 䛻䚸䠏ᅇᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾◊ಟ඲య䛾䜹䝸
䜻 䝳 䝷 䝮 䛸 䚸 3D-CAD/RP ㅮ ᗙ 䛾 ఩ ⨨ 䛵 䛡 䜢 ♧ 䛩 䚹
3D-CAD/RP ㅮᗙ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛾ෆᐜ䛿ྠ䛨䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸௚䛾ㅮ
ᗙ䛸䛾㛵㐃䜔䚸ᐇ᪋ᙧែ䛜ⱝᖸ␗䛺䜛䛾䛷䚸䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾◊
ಟ䜢ಶู䛻ㄝ᫂䛩䜛䚹3 ᅇ䛾◊ಟ䛿౽ᐅ䛾䛯䜑䚸㛤ദ㡰䛻
◊ಟ A䚸◊ಟ B䚸◊ಟ C 䛸࿧䜆䛣䛸䛻䛩䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸ᮏㅮᗙ䛿ᇶ
♏⦅䛸ᛂ⏝⦅䛻ศ䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸䝏䞊䝮タィ䜢ྵ䜐ᛂ⏝⦅
䜢୰ᚰ䛻ㄝ᫂䛩䜛䚹
3.1.
◊ಟ A
ᑓ㛛ㅮᗙ䛷䛒䜛 CAD/RP 䛾ㅮᗙ䛿䚸ᇶ♏⦅䠄◊ಟ 4䠅䛸ᛂ
⏝⦅䠄◊ಟ 5䠅䜢䚸䛭䜜䛮䜜 15 䝁䝬(22.5 ᫬㛫)䛪䛴䛷ᵓᡂ䛧
䛶䛔䜛䚹䠄ᅗ 1 ཧ↷䠅㻌 䛣䛾◊ಟ A 䛷䛿䚸ཷㅮ⪅඲ဨ䛜ᇶ♏⦅
䛸ᛂ⏝⦅䛾୧᪉䜢ཷㅮ䛧䛯䚹
3D-CAD 䛿 CATIA V5 䜢౑⏝䛧䚸RP 䛾⿦⨨䛿䜸䝤䝆䜵
䝑䝖♫〇 EDEN350䠄ග◳໬ᶞ⬡䜢䜲䞁䜽䝆䜵䝑䝖䛷✚ᒙ䛧䛶
䛔䛟䝍䜲䝥䠅䜢౑⏝䛧䛯䚹఍ሙ䛾ᵝᏊ䜢ᅗ 4䚸㐀ᙧᶵ䛾እほ䜢
ᅗ 5 䛻♧䛩䚹
ᇶ♏⦅䛷䛿䚸䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ᙧ≧䜢䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䛩䜛ㄢ
㢟䛻䜘䜚 3D-CAD 䛾ᇶ♏ⓗ䛺䜸䝨䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢Ꮫ⩦䛧䛯䛖䛘
䛷䚸⊂⮬䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䜢┒䜚㎸䜣䛰ᙧ≧䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䜢䛩䜛⮬⏤
ㄢ㢟䛾タィ䜢䛧䛯䚹
ᛂ⏝⦅䛷䛿䚸୍䛴䛾タィᑐ㇟≀䜢」ᩘே䛷༠ຊ䛧䛶సᡂ
䛩䜛䝏䞊䝮タィ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䝏䞊䝮⦅ᡂ䛿䚸ᇶ♏⦅䛷䛾ㄢ㢟
䛷䝇䜻䝹䜢ホ౯䛧䚸ྛ䝏䞊䝮䛾䝞䝷䞁䝇䛜ྲྀ䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䚹
ཷㅮ⪅䛾୰䛻䛿䚸᪤䛻ᴗົ䛷 3D-CAD 䜢ᢅ䛳䛶䛔䜛ே䛛䜙䚸
඲䛟䛾ึᚰ⪅䜎䛷䛚䜚䚸䝇䜻䝹䛾䜀䜙䛴䛝䛿኱䛝䛛䛳䛯䛜䚸ᩒ
䛘䛶䝺䝧䝹ู䛻䝏䞊䝮⦅ᡂ䛿䛫䛪䚸䝇䜻䝹䛻ᛂ䛨䛶㐺ษ䛻
䝏䞊䝮ෆ䛷సᴗศᢸ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢₇⩦䛾୍䛴䛻ྵ䜑䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸
㌴య䛾ᙧ≧䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿኱䛝䛥䛾ไ㝈䛸䚸඲ဨ䛜᭱ప㝈୍䛴
䛾㒊ရ䜢タィ䛩䜛㒊ရᵓᡂ䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䚸௨እ䛿௵ព䛻Ỵ䜑
䛶䜘䛔䛸䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾䛯䜑タィ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸3D-CAD 䛾䝰䝕䝸
䞁䜾䝇䜻䝹䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ព໶ⓗ䛺䝕䝄䜲䞁䝇䜻䝹䜒ồ䜑䜙
䜜䜛䚹䛥䜙䛻䛿䚸䝏䞊䝮䜢୍䛴䛻䜎䛸䜑䜛䝏䞊䝮䝸䞊䝎䜒ᐃ䜑
䜛䛾䛷䚸䝸䞊䝎䝅䝑䝥䝇䜻䝹䜒ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸䛣䛾ㄢ
㢟䛷䛿タィ㛤Ⓨ䛾ᐇົ䛷ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛ᖜᗈ䛔䝇䜻䝹䛜せồ䛥
䜜䜛䛜䚸ཷㅮ⏕䛻䛭䜜䜙䜢䛩䜉䛶㌟䛻╔䛡䛥䛫䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛䛾
䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䝏䞊䝮ෆ䛷ዴఱ䛻ಶ䚻ே䛜ᚓព䛸䛩䜛䝇䜻䝹䜢Ⓨ
᥹䛥䛫䜛䛛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䜢㔜ど䛧䛯䚹
ᇶ♏ㅮᗙ㻌
◊ಟ 1䠖䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䡶䢌䡩䢂䡵䡬䡸䡪䢙㣴ᡂㅮᗙ㻌
◊ಟ 2䠖䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚ᥦ᱌ຊ㣴ᡂㅮᗙ㻌
◊ಟ 3䠖䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䝥䝻䝉䝇ᐇ㊶ㅮᗙ㻌
ᑓ㛛ㅮᗙ䠄CAD/RP ⣔䠅
◊ಟ 4䠖3 ḟඖ CAD
䛸䢓䢇䢛䡫䢀䢚䢈䢛䢗䢀䡼䡮䢇䢛䢙䡴䢚 㻌
◊ಟ 5䠖䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽
タィ 㻌
ᑓ㛛ㅮᗙ䠄䡻䢈䢀䡯䡦䡭⣔䠅㻌
◊ಟ 6䠖䝥䝻䜾䝷䝭䞁
䜾ㅮᗙ
◊ಟ 7䠖Web 䝥䝻䜾
䝷䝭䞁䜾ㅮᗙ 㻌
ᅗ 1 ◊ಟ A 䛾䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮
ᇶ♏ㅮᗙ㻌
◊ಟ 1䠖䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䝏䞊䝮ຊ㣴ᡂ(䡶䢌䡩䢂䡵䡬䡸䡪䢙)㻌
◊ಟ 2䠖䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚ᥦ᱌ຊ㣴ᡂㅮᗙ(ᥦ᱌ຊ)㻌
ᑓ㛛ㅮᗙ䠄CAD/RP ⣔䠅㻌
◊ಟ 4䠖㻌 3D-CAD 䛸 㻌
䢓䢇䢛䡫䢀䢚䢈䢛䢗䢀䡼䡮䢇䢛䢙䡴䢚㻌 㻌
◊ಟ 5䠖䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽タィ㻌
ᑓ㛛ㅮᗙ䠄ရ㉁⟶⌮⣔䠅㻌
◊ಟ 3䠖ရ㉁⟶⌮㻌
ᅗ 2㻌 ◊ಟ B 䛾䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮
ᑓ㛛ㅮᗙ䠄CAD/RP ⣔䠅㻌
◊ಟ 2䠖㻌 3D-CAD 䛸
䢓䢇䢛䡫䢀䢚䢈䢛䢗䢀䡼䡮䢇䢛䢙䡴䢚 㻌
◊ಟ 3䠖䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽タィ
ᑓ㛛ㅮᗙ䠄ရ㉁⟶⌮⣔䠅㻌
◊ಟ 1䠖ရ㉁⟶⌮㻌
ᕤሙぢᏛ䠄ㅮ₇఍ྵ䜐䠅㻌
CAD 䜢ά⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛⌧ሙ䛾ぢᏛ䛸ㅮ₇㻌
ᅗ 3㻌 ◊ಟ C 䛾䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮
チーム設計による 3D-CAD/RP の実務教育
3.2.
◊ಟ B
4.
◊ಟ B 䛾ㄢ㢟䛿◊ಟ A 䛸ྠ䛨䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸ᇶ♏⦅䛸ᛂ⏝⦅
䛾ཷㅮ⏕䜢ู䚻䛻ເ㞟䛧䛯䚹䛭䛾ເ㞟䛾ẁ㝵䛷 3D-CAD 䛾
⤒㦂䜢䜒䛸䛻䚸ᇶ♏⦅䛸ᛂ⏝⦅䜢ཷㅮ⏕䛻㑅ᢥ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䜘䛖
䛻䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸◊ಟ A 䛾ᛂ⏝⦅䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ྠ䛨䝏䞊䝮ෆ䛷
䛾ಶே䛾䝇䜻䝹ᕪ䛜⃭䛧䛟䚸䝏䞊䝮タィ䜢䛩䜛ୖ䛷䛾ᨭ㞀䛜
⏕䛨䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䛾㓄៖䛷䛒䜛䚹䛯䛰䛧䚸ᛂ⏝⦅䜢㑅ᢥ䛧䛯ཷㅮ
⏕䜒䚸3D-CAD 䛾⤒㦂䛜䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾 䚸ᮏ◊ಟ䛷౑⏝䛩䜛
CAD 䛿ึ䜑䛶䛷䛒䜛ே䛜ከ䛔䛸⪃䛘䚸䝏䞊䝮タィ䛻ධ䜛๓
䛻ᇶ♏⦅䛸ྠ䛨 LED 䝷䜲䝖䛾タィ䜢⾜䛔䚸CAD 䛾᧯స⩦ᚓ
䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛸䛧䛯䚹ᛂ⏝⦅䛾◊ಟ᫬㛫䛿 18 䝁䝬(27 ᫬㛫)䛸䛧䚸
◊ಟ A 䜘䜚䜒㛗䛔᫬㛫䛻タᐃ䛧䛯䚹
3.3.
4.1.
63
స〇౛
ᇶ♏⦅
ᇶ♏⦅䛾⮬⏤ㄢ㢟䛿ᅗ 6 䛻♧䛩ᑠᆺ LED 䝷䜲䝖䛾㒊ရ䛸
䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾䝷䜲䝖䛿䚸䛽䛨䛻䜘䜚ศゎ䞉෌⤌❧䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚䚸䝷
䜲䝖䛾ୗ⵹䛾㒊ရ䜢ୖ⵹䛸ṇ䛧䛟ྜ⮴䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻䝰䝕䝹䜢స
〇䛩䜛䚹స〇䛧䛯㒊ရ䜢౑䛳䛶෌⤌❧䛧䚸LED 䛜Ⅼⅉ䛩䜛䛣
䛸䜎䛷䜢᭱పᇶ‽䛸䛧䚸ୗ⵹䛾እഃ䛾㒊ศ䛻䜰䝺䞁䝆䜢ຍ䛘
䛶䝕䝄䜲䞁ᛶ䛾㧗䛔㒊ရస〇䜢┠ᣦ䛩䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䚹
◊ಟ A 䛷䛿඲ဨ䛜ᇶ♏⦅䜢ཷㅮ䛧䚸◊ಟ B,◊ಟ C 䛾ᛂ
⏝⦅ཷㅮ⪅䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䚸䝏䞊䝮タィ䛻ධ䜛๓䛻 CAD ᧯స
⩦ᚓ䛾䛯䜑䛣䛾⮬⏤ㄢ㢟䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱䚸ᛂ⏝⦅䛾
ཷㅮ⪅඲ဨ䛜䛣䛾ㄢ㢟䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹
◊ಟ C
◊ಟ C 䛷䛿䚸 3D-CAD/RP ㅮᗙ䛾ㄢ㢟ཬ䜃ᐇ᪋ᙧែ䛿
◊ಟ B 䛸ྠ䛨䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽➼䛾ᇶ♏ㅮᗙ䛾௦䜟䜚
䛻ᕤሙぢᏛ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸3D-CAD 䛾ά⏝ᐇែ䜢⌮
ゎ䛩䜛ୖ䛷䚸⌧ሙ䛾ぢᏛ䛜Ḟ䛛䛫䛺䛔䛸ุ᩿䛧䛯䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹
䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸ᛂ⏝⦅䛾◊ಟ᫬㛫䛿 11 䝁䝬(16.5 ᫬㛫)䛸䛺䜚䚸
◊ಟ B 䜘䜚䜒䛛䛺䜚▷䛔䛖䛘䚸䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽➼䛾ᇶ♏ㅮᗙ䛜
┬␎䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸䝏䞊䝮タィ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛩ᠱᛕ䛥䜜䛯䚹
䛣䛾䛯䜑䚸᪂䛯䛻 TA(Teaching Assistant)䜢᥇⏝䛧䚸䝏䞊
䝮άື䜢䝃䝫䞊䝖䛩䜛యไ䜢ᩚ䛘䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸◊ಟ B 䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸
⮬⩦䜢䛧䛯䛔䛸䛩䜛ពぢ䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸༑ศ䛺⮬⩦ྍ
⬟᫬㛫䜢タ䛡䜛䛸ඹ䛻䚸⮬⩦ᣦᑟ᭩䜢సᡂ䛧䚸Ⓨᒎⓗ䛺Ꮫ
⩦䜒䛷䛝䜛⎔ቃ䜢‽ഛ䛧䛯䚹
䜎䛯䚸ᮏᏛ䛾タഛ᭦᪂䛻క䛔䚸3D-CAD 䛿 SolidWorks䚸
RP 䛾⿦⨨䛿䜸䝤䝆䜵䝑䝖♫〇 CONNEX350 䜢౑⏝䛧䛯䛜䚸
◊ಟ䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛ୖ䛷䛾ᶵ⬟ⓗ䛺┦㐪䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹
Lower
case
Upper
case
LED
Battery
ᅗ 6㻌 ᇶ♏⦅䛾ㄢ㢟䠄ᑠᆺ LED 䝷䜲䝖䠅
ཷㅮ⪅䛾సᡂ䛧䛯 RP 㐀ᙧ≀䜢䚸᪤Ꮡ䛾 LED 䝷䜲䝖䛻⤌
䜏௜䛡䛯౛䜢ᅗ 7 䛻♧䛩䚹䛣䛾ཷㅮ⏕䛿ୗ⵹䛻䜽䝸䝑䝥䜢䛒
䛧䜙䛳䛯⊂⮬䛾ᙧ≧䜢సᡂ䛧䛯䚹䜽䝸䝑䝥䛾ᙧ≧䛻䛿⮬⏤᭤
㠃䜢⏝䛔䛶䛚䜚䚸ཷㅮ㛤ጞ᫬䛻䛿ึ⣭⪅䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸䛛䛺䜚
㧗ᗘ䛺ᢏ⾡䜢ά⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸ᅗ 8 䛻 CG 䛾
౛䜢♧䛩䚹䝕䝄䜲䞁ᛶ䛻ඃ䜜䛯䜒䛾䜒ከ䛟䛒䛳䛯䚹
ᅗ 4㻌 ㅮ⩦఍ሙ䛾ᵝᏊ
ᅗ 7㻌 ᇶ♏⦅䛷䛾స〇౛䠄RP 䝰䝕䝹䚸◊ಟ A䠅
ᅗ 5㻌 ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ䛻䜘䜛 RP ⿦⨨
ᅗ 8㻌 ᇶ♏⦅䛷䛾స〇౛䠄CG䚸◊ಟ C䠅
64
舘野寿丈
4.2.
ᛂ⏝⦅
ㄢ㢟䛿඲㛗 150mm ⛬ᗘ䛾䝋䞊䝷䞊䜹䞊䛸䛧䚸䝋䞊䝷䝟䝛
䝹䛸䝰䞊䝍䞉㌴㍯䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䜻䝑䝖䜹䞊㒊ရ䠄ᅗ 9 ཧ↷䠅䜢౑
⏝䛧䚸㌴య䜢タィ䛧䛯䚹
タィ㛤ጞ᫬Ⅼ䛻䛿䚸タィ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ὶ䜜䠄ᅗ 10 ཧ↷䠅䜢
ㄝ᫂䛧䚸䝏䞊䝮ෆ䛷䛾䝇䜿䝆䝳䞊䝹సᡂ䛻ᙺ❧䛶䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖
䛻䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ㅮᖌ䛜స〇䛧䛯సᡂ஦౛䜢౑䛳䛶䚸㒊ရ䛾᥋
ྜ᪉ἲ䛺䛹ලయⓗ䛺䝜䜴䝝䜴䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒ㄝ᫂䛧䛯䚹䠄ᅗ 11 ཧ
↷䠅
Base
Support
䛧䛯䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䛻㐺ྜ䛧䛯䝰䝕䝹ᙧ≧䛻௙ୖ䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸
䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹௚䛾䝏䞊䝮䛾䝰䝕䝹䜒䝞䜼䞊䜔 F1 䝬䝅䞁䛸䛔䛳
䛯䚸䝏䞊䝮タィึᮇ䛾ẁ㝵䛷㆟ㄽ䛧䛶Ỵᐃ䛧䛯䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䜢
཯ᫎ䛧䛯ᙧ≧䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹
Solar cell
ᅗ 12㻌 ◊ಟ A 䛷䛾స〇౛䠄RP 䝰䝕䝹䠅
ᅗ 9㻌 ᛂ⏝⦅䛾ㄢ㢟䠄䝋䞊䝷䞊䜹䞊䜻䝑䝖䠅
ᅗ 13㻌 ◊ಟ A 䛷䛾స〇౛䠄CG䠅
ᅗ 10㻌 タィ䛾ὶ䜜䛾ㄝ᫂
ᅗ 11㻌 ලయ౛䜢⏝䛔䛯タィ᪉ἲ䛾ㄝ᫂౛
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
◊ಟ B 䛷䛾స〇౛
㻌 ◊ಟ B 䛷䛿䚸ᇶ♏⦅䛸ᛂ⏝⦅䛸䜢ู䚻䛻㛤ദ䛧䛯ᙳ㡪䜒
䛒䜚䚸ᛂ⏝⦅䛻ཧຍ䛧䛯ཷㅮ⏕䛿 5 ྡ䛷䚸䠍䝏䞊䝮䛷䛾ᐇ᪋
䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ᛂ⏝⦅䛻ཧຍ䛧䛯ཷㅮ⏕䛾䝇䜻䝹䛻䜀䜙䛴
䛝䛜䛒䜚䚸CAD 䛾᧯స䜢⩦ᚓ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸඲ 6 ᪥㛫䠄඲ 18 䝁
䝬䠅䛾䛖䛱ึ䜑䛾 2 ᪥㛫䠄6 䝁䝬䠅⛬ᗘ䜢ᇶ♏⦅䛸ྠ䛨 LED 䝷
䜲䝖䛾సᡂ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸䝏䞊䝮タィ䛻඘䛶䜛᫬㛫䛜ᑡ䛺
䛟䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䝇䜿䝆䝳䞊䝹䛜㐜䜜䚸タィึᮇẁ
㝵䛾䝕䜱䝇䜹䝑䝅䝵䞁䜔䚸タィ䛾ぢ┤䛧䛜༑ศ⾜䛺䛘䛺䛔⤖
ᯝ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹
ᡂᯝ≀䜢ᅗ 14 䛻♧䛩䚹ᚑ᮶䛾⮬ື㌴䛸䛿␗䛺䜛᩾᪂䛺
ᙧ≧䛜ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䛯䛖䛘䚸஝㟁ụ䜢ᦚ㍕䛧䛶㥑ື䛷䛝䜛ᕤኵ䜒
䛥䜜䛯䛜䚸ᙧ≧඲య䛾⤫୍ឤ䛜ⱝᖸ୙㊊䛧䛶䛔䜛ឤ䛨䛜ぢ
䜙䜜䜛䚹
◊ಟ A 䛷䛾స〇౛
◊ಟ A 䛷స〇䛥䜜䛯 RP 䝰䝕䝹䛸 CG 䜢♧䛩䚹䝯䞁䝞䞊䛿
඲㒊䛷 12 ே䛷䛒䜚䚸3 䝏䞊䝮䛷άື䛧䛯䚹ึ䜑䛻〇ရ䝁䞁䝉
䝥䝖䛻䛴䛔䛶㆟ㄽ䛧䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䚸㒊ရ༢఩䛻ᢸᙜ䜢ศ䛡䛶䝰䝕
䝹సᡂ䛧䚸ศ๭䛧䛯㒊ရ䛾᥋⥆௙ᵝ䛺䛹䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁
䜢䛸䜚䛺䛜䜙௙ୖ䛢䛶䛔䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸タィẁ㝵䜢⤒䜛䛯䜃䛻
RP 䝰䝕䝹䜢స〇䛧䚸䜲䝯䞊䝆䛾☜ㄆ䜢⾜䛔䛺䛜䜙ᙧ≧䜢ヲ
⣽໬䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䚹ᡂᯝ≀䛾୍౛䜢ᅗ 12䠄RP 䝰䝕䝹䠅䛸ᅗ
13(CG)䛻♧䛩䚹ᅗ 12 䛿ᕥ䛛䜙䝰䝕䝹䜢ヲ⣽໬䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯
ᵝᏊ䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹≉䛻 CG 䜢ぢ䜛䛸⌮ゎ䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸᝿ᐃ
ᅗ 14㻌 ◊ಟ B 䛷䛾స〇౛䠄RP 䝰䝕䝹䠅
チーム設計による 3D-CAD/RP の実務教育
4.2.3.
◊ಟ C 䛷䛾స〇౛
◊ಟ C 䛷䛿䚸◊ಟ B 䛸ྠᵝ䛻ᇶ♏⦅䛸ᛂ⏝⦅䛸䜢ศ䛡䛶
ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹ཧຍ⪅䛿 5 ྡ䛷䚸1 䝏䞊䝮䛷ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹CAD/RP
䛾◊ಟ᫬㛫䛿඲ 5 ᪥㛫䠄11 䝁䝬䠅䛸䛺䜚䚸䛃◊ಟ A䚸◊ಟ B 䛻
ẚ䜉䛶䛛䛺䜚▷䛟䛺䛳䛯䛯䜑䚸䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ຠ⋡໬䜢ᅗ䛳䛯䚹୍
䛴䛻䛿䚸CAD 䛾᧯స⩦ᚓ䛻඘䛶䜛᫬㛫䜢 1 ᪥䠄2 䝁䝬䠅䛻ᢚ
䛘䚸௦䜟䜚䛻⮬⩦᫬㛫䜢タ䛡䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸๓ᅇ䛾ᛂ⏝⦅䛻ཧຍ
䛧䛯ཷㅮ⏕䛾୍ே䜢䝔䜱䞊䝏䞁䜾䜰䝅䝇䝍䞁䝖(TA)䛸䛧䛶᥇
⏝䛧䚸⤒㦂ⓗ䛺❧ሙ䛛䜙䛾䜰䝗䝞䜲䝇䛜䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䚹
ᡂᯝ≀䜢ᅗ 15䠄RP 䝰䝕䝹䠅䛸ᅗ 16(CG)䛻♧䛩䚹䝁䞁䝉䝥
䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾㡹୔䛥䛜ព㆑䛥䜜䛯ᵓ㐀䛻䛺䛳䛯䛖䛘䚸䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑
஝㟁ụ䛸ኴ㝧㟁ụ䛸䛾୧᪉䜢ྠ᫬䛻ᦚ㍕䛩䜛ᕤኵ䛜᪋䛥䜜
䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸ຠ⋡ⓗ䛺సᴗ䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸䛣䛾ヲ⣽タィ䜎䛷䛾
䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢䛣䜜䜎䛷䛻䛺䛔▷䛔᫬㛫䛷῭䜎䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸䝰䝕䝹䜢స䜚䛣䜣䛷䛔䛟䝥䝻䝉䝇䛷䛿䚸〇ရ䛻㛵
䛩䜛▱㆑䚸䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻㛵䛩䜛▱㆑䛾䛔䛪䜜䜒㐣ཤ䛾⤒㦂ⓗ
▱㆑䛜᭷ຠ䛻ά⏝䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛷䛒䜛䚹
(a) ◊ಟ A
(b) ◊ಟ B
ᅗ 15㻌 ◊ಟ C 䛷䛾స〇౛䠄RP 䝰䝕䝹䠅
(c) ◊ಟ C
ᅗ 17㻌 ㉮⾜఍䛾ᵝᏊ
⾲ 1 ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ㉁ၥ㡯┠
1㸬◊ಟ඲య
1-1
◊ಟᮇ㛫ࡣ㐺ษ࡛ࡋࡓ࠿㸽
1-2
タഛࡣ㐺ษ࡛ࡋࡓ࠿㸽
2㸬ㅮᗙ
ᅗ 16㻌 ◊ಟ C 䛷䛾స〇౛䠄CG䠅
2-1
ㅮᗙࡢᵓᡂࡣ⌮ゎࢆຓࡅࡿࡼ࠺Ⰻࡃ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
2-2
◊ಟ᫬㛫ࡢ㓄ศࡣ㐺ษ࡛ࡋࡓ࠿㸽
2-3
₇⩦ࡸࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ࢕ࡣ⌮ゎࡢຓࡅ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
2-4
ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢேᩘࡣ㐺ษ࡛ࡋࡓ࠿㸽
3㸬ㅮᖌ
4.2.4.
㉮⾜఍
ᛂ⏝⦅䛾᭱⤊᪥䛻䛿䚸䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛾㉮⾜఍䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䛩
䜉䛶䛾䝏䞊䝮䛻䛚䛔䛶௬᝿䞉ᐇయ䛸䜒䛻⤌䜏❧䛶䜢᏶ᡂ䛩䜛
䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹◊ಟ A 䛷䛾㉮⾜఍䛷䛿タᐃ䛧䛯 10m ⛬ᗘ䛾
㊥㞳䜢ኴ㝧ග䜶䝛䝹䜼䛻䜘䜚᏶㉮䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹◊ಟ B䚸
◊ಟ C 䛷䛿䚸䛭䜜䛮䜜㞵ኳ䚸ኪ㛫䛷䛒䛳䛯䛯䜑䚸஝㟁ụ䛻
䛶㉮⾜䛥䛫䚸᏶㉮䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸◊ಟ B䚸◊ಟ C
䛷䛿䚸ㅮᖌ䛜స〇䛧䛯䝰䝕䝹䜢୪㉮䛥䛫䛯䚹㉮⾜఍䛿┠ᶆ
㐩ᡂ䛾႐䜃䜢ᐇឤ䛩䜛Ⰻ䛔ᶵ఍䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹
3-1
ㅮᖌࡣࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᣺ࡿ⯙ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
3-2
ㅮᖌࡣ஦౛࡞࡝ࢆ♧ࡋ᫂☜࡟ุࡾࡸࡍࡃㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
3-3
ㅮᖌࡣ᫬㛫ࢆ㐺ษ࡟⟶⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
3-4
ㅮᖌࡣ◊ಟ⏕ࡢ㉁ၥࡸせᮃ࡟㐺ษ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
4㸬ᩍᮦ
4-1
ᩍᮦࡢෆᐜࡣᏛ⩦඲య࡟ᙺ❧ࡕࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
4-2
ᩍᮦࡢᵓᡂࠊᩥ᭩ࠊᅗ⾲ࡣุࡾࡸࡍ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍ࠿㸽
5㸬◊ಟᡂᯝ
5-1
Ꮫಟ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞▱㆑ࡸࢫ࢟ࣝࡀ㌟࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
5-2
Ꮫಟ࡛ᚓࡓ▱㆑ࡸࢫ࢟ࣝࡣ௙஦࡛ᙺ❧ࡕࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ࠿㸽
6㸬◊ಟ‶㊊ᗘ
6-1
ࡇࡢ◊ಟ࡟‶㊊ࡋࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
6-2
ࡇࡢ◊ಟࢆ཭ேࡸྠ൉࡟ࡶ⸀ࡵࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ࠿㸽
65
66
舘野寿丈
6. 䜎䛸䜑
ᮏ✏䛷䛿䚸ḟୡ௦䛾䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰ᩍ⫱䛸䛧䛶䚸CAD/RP 䜢ά
⏝䛧䛯䝏䞊䝮タィ䜢䛩䜛䛂௚⪅䛸㐃ᦠ䛧䛺䛜䜙ᐇົ䝺䝧䝹䛷
᪂〇ရ㛤Ⓨ䜢ᡂ䛧㐙䛢䜛⬟ຊ㇏䛛䛺♫఍ே⫱ᡂ䛃◊ಟ䛾ᐇ
㊶䜢㏻䛧䛶䚸◊ಟ᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶⪃ᐹ䛧䛯䚹ᮏ◊ಟ䜢㏻䛧䛶ᚓ
䜙䜜䛯▱ぢ䜢䚸ᩚ⌮䛧䛶䛚䛟䚹
(1) CAD/RP 䜢ά⏝䛧䛯䝏䞊䝮タィ䛻䜘䜚䚸CAD/RP 䛾䝇
䜻䝹䛸䚸䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䝇䜻䝹䛸䛾୧᪉䛾ྥୖ䛜ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䜛䚹
(2) 䝏䞊䝮タィ䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛖䛘䛷䚸ཷㅮ⪅䛾 CAD/RP 䛾
䝇䜻䝹䝺䝧䝹䛾䜀䜙䛴䛝䜢ῶ䜙䛩ᕤኵ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䚹
(3) 䝏䞊䝮タィ䜢㐍䜑䜛䛖䛘䛷䚸タィ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾⤒㦂ⓗ▱
㆑䜢ά䛛䛩䛣䛸䛷䚸䝥䝻䝉䝇ຠ⋡໬䜢ᅗ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
ᅗ 18㻌 䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖⤖ᯝ
[1]
[2]
5. ホ౯
ᮏ◊ಟᛂ⏝⦅䛾ホ౯䛸䛧䛶䚸ཷㅮ⏕䛻ᑐ䛧䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖⫈ྲྀ
䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹 ⾲䠍䛻䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖㉁ၥ㡯┠䜢♧䛩䚹䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾㡯
┠䛻䛴䛔䛶 5 Ⅼἲ䛷᥇Ⅼ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛔䚸᭱ᚋ䛻⮬⏤グ㏙䛾ḍ
䜢タ䛡䛶䛔䜛䚹䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ᅇ཰⋡䛿◊ಟ A 䛜 73%䚸◊ಟ B 䛜
80䠂䚸◊ಟ C 䛜 100䠂䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹
ྛ㡯┠䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖ᖹᆒ䜢ᐇ᪋ᅇู䛻ẚ㍑䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖ᅗ 18
䛻グ䛩䚹◊ಟ A 䛿䛩䜉䛶䛾㡯┠䛷 4 ௨ୖ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸ཷㅮ
⪅䛻䛸䛳䛶‶㊊䛺◊ಟ䛻䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿㛗ᮇ䛾
◊ಟᮇ㛫䛜☜ಖ䛷䛝䚸ཷㅮ⪅඲ဨ䛜ᇶ♏⦅䛸ᛂ⏝⦅䛾୧᪉
䜢ཷㅮ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸ᛂ⏝⦅㛤ጞ᫬䛻䛿᭱ప㝈䛾䝇
䜻䝹䜢඲ဨ䛜☜ಖ䛷䛝䛯䛯䜑⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䚸◊ಟ
B 䛿䚸≉䛻䝏䞊䝭䞁䜾䛻䛚䛔䛶༑ศ䛺ホ౯䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝
䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸◊ಟ A 䛸䛿␗䛺䜚䚸◊ಟᮇ㛫䛾ၥ㢟䛛䜙
ᇶ♏⦅䛸ᛂ⏝⦅䜢୪ิ䛻ᐇ᪋䛫䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛪䚸CAD 䛾⤒㦂䛻
ᇶ䛵䛔䛶ཷㅮ⪅䜢ู䚻䛻ເ㞟䛧䛶䝇䜻䝹䛾ᆒ୍໬䜢┠ᣦ䛧
䛯䜒䛾䛾䚸⤖ᯝⓗ䛻䛿䝇䜻䝹䛾䜀䜙䛴䛝䜢ῶ䜙䛩㛫䜒䛺䛟ᛂ
⏝⦅䜢㛤ጞ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䜚䚸䝏䞊䝮άື䜢෇⁥䛻㐍䜑䜙䜜䛺
䛔䛣䛸䛜䛒䛳䛯䛯䜑䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸◊ಟ C 䛿◊ಟ B 䜘
䜚䜒▷䛔ᮇ㛫䛷䛒䛳䛯䛻䜒㛵䜟䜙䛪䚸඲యⓗ䛻䛿‶㊊䛺⤖ᯝ
䜢ᚓ䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸⮬⩦᫬㛫䛾☜ಖ䚸TA 䛾ά⏝䛻䜘䜛䝏
䞊䝮タィ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ಁ㐍䛺䛹䚸䝇䜻䝹䛾䜀䜙䛴䛝䜈䛾ᑐᛂ䛜
ຌ䜢ዌ䛧䛯䛯䜑䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹
䜎䛯䚸⮬⏤グ㏙ḍ䛾䝁䝯䞁䝖䛷䛿䚸䛂ᐇົ䛷䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊
䝅䝵䞁⬟ຊ䜢㣴䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䛃䛺䛹䚸3D-CAD 䜔 RP 䛾ᢏ⬟
⩦ᚓ䛻ຍ䛘䛶䚸䝏䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䛷䛾άື䛾య㦂䜢㧗䛟ホ౯䛩䜛
ពぢ䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䚹
[3]
ရᕝ༊ Web 䝃䜲䝖
http://www䚹city䚹shinagawa䚹tokyo䚹
jp/hp/menu000001000/hpg000000978䚹htm
⯓㔝ᑑ୔䞉ᶫᮏὒᚿ䞉బ䚻ᮌಙኵ䞉ྜྷᒸ⚽᫂䞉ᰩཎᏹ䚸䇾ḟୡ
௦䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚ேᮦ⫱ᡂ䛾䛯䜑䛾 CAD/RP”䠈㟁ẼᏛ఍䝅䞁䝫䝆
䜴䝮㈨ᩱ䠈pp䚹17䠉21䠈2010䚹
඲ᅜ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᅋయ୰ኸ఍㻌 Web 䝃䜲䝖㻌
http://www䚹chuokai䚹or䚹jp/index䚹htm
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.67－73 （2012） 〔論文〕
⤫ィⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝࡢ⮬ືⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀໬
ៅ ⚈ ᥡ*
Automatic Structuring Query Results by Statistical Data Analysis
Sang-Gyu Shin*
Abstract
In this paper, I propose automatic structuring query results by statistical data analysis when create a
view which has database information by ACTIVIEW. When present information through the WWW,
recently, the adaptation is need for mobile terminals which is exploded very rapidly. Then, Iß propose
ACTIVIEW which can create web view that is optimized of user terminal screen by restructuring
query results from common database result.
Keywords: Database Automatic Structuring Query Statistics
1.
䛿䛨䜑䛻
㏆ᖺ㸪WWW ࡢᬑཬ࡜ඹ࡟㸪WWW ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࣅࢪࢿ
ࢫ࢔ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸ㸪฼⏝⪅࡬ࡢ᝟ሗᥦ౪㸪௻ᴗෆ᝟
ሗ㛤♧ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ[1-4]㸬
WWW ࡢᬑཬ࡟క࠸㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ Web ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
せồࡶከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
≉࡟㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢⓎᒎ࡟ࡼࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢ
㐍໬࡜ඹ࡟ࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢࢧ࢖ࢺࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢧ࢖ࢺ࡞࡝ࡢ
ࢹ࣮ࢱ㞟⣙ᆺ Web ࢧ࢖ࢺࡀሙᡤࡢ㝈⏺ࢆ㉸࠼㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟
ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ከࡃࡢ㜀ぴ⪅ࡀ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱㒊ศࡢ Web
ࢧ࢖ࢺࡣࢹࢫࢡࢺࢵࣉࣃࢯࢥࣥྥࡅ࡟సᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪
⌧ᅾ㸪ከᵝ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࣔࣂ࢖ࣝ➃ᮎ࡟ࡣᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞
࠸㸬
౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᮏࡢ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏ
ࡀⴭ⪅ࡸฟ∧♫㸪౯᱁࡞࡝ࡀ୍㐃࡛⾲♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠶ࡗ࡚㸪
㜀ぴ⪅ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ᝟ሗࢆᇶ࡟㑅ࡪ㸬
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ྠࡌෆᐜࢆ㸪ᦠᖏ➃ᮎࡢࡼ࠺࡟♧⏬㠃
ᖜࡀ⊃࠸➃ᮎ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢせồ
ࡸ⯆࿡࡟ᛂࡌࡿ࠿㸪᝟ሗᥦ౪ഃ᪉ࡢពᚿࡀධࡗࡓᙧ࡛෌
ศὶࡋ㸪⾲♧ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪኱ᡭࡢ௻ᴗ௨እࡣ㸪ከᵝ࡞㜀ぴ⪅࢔ࢡࢭࢫ➃
ᮎ⎔ቃ࡟ᛂࡌࡓࢧ࢖ࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢺసᡂ⪅
࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱ࡁ࡞㈇ᢸ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
2.
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ HTML ᩥࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㸬
ᮏ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ACTIVIEW ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ ᇶ ┙ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ
SuperSQL ࡜㸪ࡇࡢᛂ⏝ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ ACTIVIE ࡟㛵
ࡋ࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
2.1. SuperSQL
SuperSQL[5]ࡣ㸪TFE㸦Target Form Expression㸧ࢆ
⏝࠸࡚ SQL ࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓၥྜࡏゝㄒ࡛㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟
ၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࡓᖹᆠ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡢฟຊ⤖ᯝࢆᵓ㐀໬ࡋ㸪ᣦᐃࡉ
ࢀࡓ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᛂ⏝ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡬ኚ᥮ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
TFE ࡣ㸪SQL ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࣜࢫࢺࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪
TFE ≉᭷ࡢ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮㸦⤖ྜᏊ࡜཯᚟Ꮚ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࣞ
࢖࢔࢘ࢺࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ྛ⤖ྜᏊ࡜཯᚟Ꮚࡣḟඖ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
౛࠼ࡤ㸪HTML ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿሙྜ 1㸪2 ḟඖࡣ㸪
⾲ࡢ⾜࡜ิ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ㸪3 ḟඖࡣࣁ࢖ࣃ࣮ࣜࣥࢡ࡟ᑐᛂࡍ
ࡿ㸬
SuperSQL ࡢ ㉁ ၥ ᩥ ࡣ 㸪 SQL ࡢ SELECT ⠇ ࢆ
GENERATE <medium> <TFE> ࡢ ᵓ ᩥ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ
GENERATE ⠇ ࡛ ⨨ ࡁ ᥮ ࠼ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡇ ࡛
<medium> ࡣฟຊ፹యࢆ♧ࡋ㸪XML㸪HTML ࡞࡝ฟ∧
࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡢᣦᐃࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸬ri ࢆ㛵ಀ㸪P ࡣ SQL ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ᮲௳࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪SuperSQL ࢡ࢚࣮ࣜࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲
ࡏࡿ㸬
GENERATE<medium><TFE>
FROM r1,r2,...,rn
WHERE P
ACTIVIEW
㜀ぴ⪅࢔ࢡࢭࢫ➃ᮎ⎔ቃ㸦௨ୗ㸪ࣔࢽࢱᖜ㸧࡟㐺ᛂࡋ
ࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢺసᡂ⪅࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡓඖࡢၥྜࡏᩥࡣ㸪ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ᥦ᱌ࡍࡿᡭἲ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓၥྜࡏᩥࡣ
ACTIVIEW ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࣔࢽࢱᖜ࡟㐺ᛂࡋࡓၥ
ྜࡏᩥ࡟᭩ࡁ┤ࡍ㸬
ࡑࡋ࡚㸪᭩ࡁ┤ࡏࡽࢀࡓၥྜࡏᩥ࡟ᚑ࠸㸪SuperSQL
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉㸪School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
2.1.1
z
⤖ྜᏊ䛸཯᚟Ꮚ
௨ୗ࡟㸪⤖ྜᏊ࡜཯᚟Ꮚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⡆༢࡟㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
Ỉᖹ⤖ྜᏊ( , )㸸୧࢜࣌ࣛࣥࢻࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᶓ࡟㐃⤖
ࡋ࡚ฟຊ㸬
68
慎祥揆
ᆶ┤⤖ྜᏊ( ! )㸸୧࢜࣌ࣛࣥࢻࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⦪࡟㐃⤖
ࡋ࡚ฟຊ㸬
῝ᗘ᪉ྥ࡬ࡢ⤖ྜᏊ( ¥% )㸸୧࢜࣌ࣛࣥࢻࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ
ࢆࣜࣥࢡࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㐃⤖ࡋ࡚ฟຊ㸬
Ỉᖹ཯᚟Ꮚ( [ ], )㸸࢜࣌ࣛࣥࢻࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ㝈
ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᶓ࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⤖ྜࡍࡿ㸬
ᆶ┤཯᚟Ꮚ( [ ]! )㸸࢜࣌ࣛࣥࢻࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ㝈
ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⦪࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⤖ྜࡍࡿ㸬
z
z
z
z
཯᚟ᏊࡢධࢀᏊ⾲⌧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢢ࣮ࣝࣆࣥࢢ㸦௨ୗ㸪ᵓ㐀
໬㸧ࢆ┤ឤⓗ࡟ᣦᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
2.1.2
࢖ࢬ㸧ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿ㸬
TFE ྛᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢᖜࡢ᝟ሗ࡜㸪⿦㣭᝟ሗࡢ͆ᖜ͇
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡀΰᅾࡍࡿᘧ㸦ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺᘧ࡜ࢧ࢖
ࢬ᝟ሗ㸧ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪⾲ࡢᖜࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿ㸬
(3) ࣮ࣘࢨ⾲ᖜࡢ್࡜ẚ࡭㸪⾲ࡢᖜࡀ኱ࡁࡅࢀࡤ㸪%
௨ୗ࡟㏙࡭ࡿኚ᥮࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ᚑ࠸ࢡ࢚࣮ࣜࢆኚ᭦ࡍ
ࡿ㸬ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺኚ᥮࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ᚑ
࠸ࢡ࢚࣮ࣜࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿ㸬
(4) ࣮ࣘࢨ⾲ᖜࡢ್࡜ẚ࡭㸪⾲ᖜࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛㸪
㸦2㸧㸦3㸧ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ㸬
ࡇࡢὶࢀࡢฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡣኚ᥮ࡉࢀ㸪㜀
ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ HTML ᩥࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㸬
(2)
⿦㣭Ꮚ
SuperSQL ࡛ࡣ㛵ಀࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡼࡾᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ᝟
ሗ࡟㸪ᩥᏐࢧ࢖ࢬ㸪ᩥᏐิࡢฟຊ㡿ᇦ(ࢭࣝ)ࡢᶓᖜ㸪ࢭ
ࣝෆ࡛ࡢᩥᏐิࡢ఩⨨࡞࡝ࡢ᝟ሗࢆ௜ຍ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽࡣ⿦㣭₇⟬Ꮚ@¥{⿦㣭ᣦᐃᘧ¥})࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣦᐃ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
⿦㣭ᣦᐃᘧࡣ(㡯┠ྡ = ್)࡜ࡋ࡚ᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬」ᩘᣦᐃ
ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࡣྛࠎࢆ``,''࡛༊ษࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪⛉┠ྡࡢ⫼ᬒࢆ
㉥࡟ࡋ࡚㸪ࢭࣝෆࡢ୰ኸ࡟ᩥᏐิࢆ㓄⨨ࡋࡓ࠸ሙྜࡣ௨
ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟グ㏙ࡍࡿ㸬
[ ࢳ࣮࣒ྡ@{bgcolor=red, width=100} !
[ 㑅ᡭྡ , ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥ ] !
]!
3.
⤫ィⓗ䛺䝕䞊䝍䛾ศᯒ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࢧ࢖ࢺసᡂ⪅ࡀᐃ⩏ࡋࡓ ACTIVIEW ၥྜ
ࡏᩥ࠿ࡽᢳฟࡋࡓ㏻ᖖࡢ SQL ᩥࢆࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡬ၥ࠸
ྜࢃࡏࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ⤫ィ᝟ሗࡢศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ACTIVIEW ၥ
ྜࡏᩥࡢᵓ㐀໬ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ㸬
3.1. ௦⾲ᒓᛶ
ᅗ 1 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ၥ
ྜࡏࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ᳨⣴⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᅗ 2 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖹᆠ࡞
ࢹ࣮ࢱࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࢆ㏉ࡍ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪SuperSQL ၥྜࡏᩥ࡛
ࡣ཯᚟Ꮚࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ್ࡀ࠶ࡿࡔ
ࡅ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⾲♧࡛ࡁࡿ.
2.2 ACTIVIEW
ACTIVIEW[6]ࡣ㸪㛵ಀࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ WWW ࡢ㐃ᦠ
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ SuperSQL ࡢᇶ♏ࡢୖ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ࢔ࢲ
ࣉࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡾ㸪SuperSQL ࡀ≉ᚩ࡜ࡍࡿࢹ࣮
ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡢฟຊࡢከᙬ࡞ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺᶵᵓࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ACTIVIEW ࡛ࡣ㸪3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏ࣮ࣝࣝࢆᐃࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ
࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ㸪࣮ࣘࢨ⎔ቃ࡟᭱㐺໬ࡉࢀࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ
ࡢ⏕ᡂࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ACTIVIEW ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ඖࡢၥྜࡏᩥ࠿ࡽ᳨
⣴ࡉࢀࡓࣇࣛࢵࢺ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࠿ࡽ㸪ྠࡌࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛
࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ⏬㠃ࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚
ືⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ⤖ᯝࡢᥦ౪ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ACTIVIEW ࡢ ၥ ྜ ࡏ ᩥ ࡣ 㸪 ฟ ∧ ࣓ ࢹ ࢕ ࢔ ᣦ ᐃ ࡀ
ACTIVIEW ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡳ࡛㸪SuperSQL ࡢࢡ࢚࣮ࣜ࡜ྠ
ࡌ᭩ࡁ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
GENERATE ACTIVIEW
[ o.year@{width=60}, t.group@{width=40},
t.name@{width=150}, p.name@{width=300¥},
p.birth@{width=150}, p.pisition@{width=50},
p.clubs@{width=250}, p.height@{width=70},
p.weight@{width=60}
]!
FROM play p, team t, openyear o
WHERE t.teamid = o.teamid and
o.year = 2006 and t.id = p.teamid
ACTIVIEW ࡢၥྜࡏᩥࡣ㸪ࣇࣟࣥࢺ࢚ࣥࢻࡀཷࡅྲྀ
ࡗࡓ࣮ࣘࢨ⾲♧⏬㠃ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ᝟ሗࢆᇶ࡟㸪㐺ᛂ໬ฎ⌮㒊
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣮ࣘࢨ⾲♧⎔ቃࡢ⏬㠃ࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟
ኚ᥮ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ኚ᥮ࡢᡭἲࡣ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍ㸬
(1) ࣇࣟࣥࢺ࢚ࣥࢻ࠿ࡽ࣮ࣘࢨ⾲ᖜࡢ್㸦⾲♧⏬㠃ࢧ
ᅗ 1 ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡢࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ Schema
ᅗ 2 ㏻ᖖၥྜࡏᩥ࡟ࡼࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ᳨⣴⤖ᯝ
ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏻ᖖࡢၥྜࡏᩥ࡟ SuperSQL ࡢ TFE ࢆᣦ
ᐃࡍࡿ࡜㸪
ࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉྡࠖ࡜ࠕࢳ࣮࣒ྡࠖ࡟ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓ
⾲ࡀ⏕ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ᅗ 3㸧㸬
㏻ᖖࡢၥྜࡏᩥ:
SELECT t.group, t.name, p.name, p.birth
FROM team t, player p
WHERE t.id = p.teamid
ACTIVIEW ࡢၥྜࡏᩥ:
統計的なデータ分析による問合せ結果の自動的な構造化
GENERATE ACTIVIEW [ t.group ,
[ t.name , [ p.name , p.birth ]
]! ]!
FROM …
69
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪௦⾲ᒓᛶ㞟ྜࡢᩘ࡜ྠࡌࡃ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ᑦ㸪࠶ࡿᒓᛶ㸦AX㸧ࡀ௦⾲ᒓᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ㛵ᩘ
PI(AX)ࡣ㸪௦⾲ᗘ⏝࠸࡚㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃࡵࡿ㸬
PI(AX) = 1 - DR(AX) / S(AX)
ᐃ⩏ 4 ࠶ࡿᒓᛶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ၥྜࡏࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ್ࡀ࢖ࣥࢫࢱ
ࣥࢫ௦⾲ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪㞟⣙ࡉࢀࡿ๭ྜࢆ㞟⣙⋡࡜ࡍࡿ
㸦PI(AX)㸧.
ᅗ 3 ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓ⾲
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓ⾲ࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪㏻
ᖖࡢၥྜࡏᩥ࠿ࡽ㸪࡝ࡢᒓᛶࢆᚑ࠸ศ㢮ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆỴࡵࡿ
ᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢ౛ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒ྡࠖࡣࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉྡࠖ࡟ᵓ㐀
໬ࡉࢀ㸪ࠕ㑅ᡭྡࠖ࡜ࠕㄌ⏕᪥ࠖࡣ㸪ࠕࢳ࣮࣒ྡࠖ࡟ᵓ㐀
໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒ྡࠖᒓᛶ࡛ࡣྠࡌ್㸦ࢳ࣮࣒ྡ 㸧ࡀ㔜」ࡋ࡚
ฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚㸪
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒ྡࠖᒓᛶࡢࡼ࠺࡟㔜」ࡋ࡚ฟ⌧
ࡍࡿ್ࢆᣢࡘᒓᛶࡢ್ࡣ㸪ྠࡌ್ྠኈ࡟⧳ࡵ࡚⾲♧࡛ࡁ
ࡿ㸬
ᐃ⩏ 1 㔜」ࡋ࡚ฟ⌧ࡍࡿၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝࡢ್ࢆᣢࡘᒓᛶࢆ
௦⾲ᒓᛶ㸦AR㸧㸪࠶ࡿၥྜࡏᩥ㸦Q㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽᢳฟࡉࢀ
ࡿ௦⾲ᒓᛶࡢ㞟ྜࢆ௦⾲ᒓᛶ㞟ྜ㸦SAR(Q)㸧࡜ࡍࡿ㸬௦
⾲ᒓᛶ௨እࡢᒓᛶࡣ㏻ᖖࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᣢࡘᒓᛶࡔ࡜ุ᩿ࡋ㸪
ࢹ࣮ࢱᒓᛶ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
ᐃ⩏ 2 ࠶ࡿᒓᛶ AX ࡢၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝ್࠿ࡽ㔜」ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿ
್ࢆ௦⾲್㸦VR(AX)㸧࡜ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࡢ㞟ྜࢆ௦⾲್
㞟ྜ㸦SVR(AX)㸧࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
౛࡛ࡣ㸪
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒ྡࠖ࡜ࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉྡࠖᒓᛶࡀ௦⾲ᒓᛶ
࡟࡞ࡾ㸪
SAR(Q) = { ࢳ࣮࣒ྡ 㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉྡ }
࡜♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
3.2. ⾲ᒓᛶ䛾ᢳฟ
ࢧ࢖ࢺసᡂ⪅ࡀᐃ⩏ࡋࡓၥྜࡏᩥࢆၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࡓ⤖ᯝ
࠿ࡽ㸪⮬ືⓗ࡟௦⾲ᒓᛶࢆᢳฟࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᒓᛶࡢ⤖ᯝ್
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜」ࡋࡓ್ࡀฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚ࡳࢀࡤ࡛
ࡁࡿ㸬
ᐃ⩏ 3 ࠶ࡿᒓᛶ$A_X$࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ್ࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅ㔜」
ࡋ࡚ฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢫ௦⾲ᗘ
㸦DR(AX)㸧࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
࠶ࡿᒓᛶ㸦AX㸧ࡢၥྜࡏࡓᐇ㝿ࡢ⤖ᯝ್ࡢ㞟ྜࢆ S(AX)
࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢫ௦⾲ᗘ DR(AX)ࡣ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲
ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
DR(AX) = |distinct( S(AX) )|
ᅗ 3 ࡢྛࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࠿ࡽ㸪2006 ᖺ World Cup ᫬ࡢࢹ࣮
ࢱࢆၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢫ㞟⣙⋡ࢆ
ᢳฟࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㞟⣙⋡ࢆᇶ࡟㸪௦⾲ᒓᛶࢆᐃࡵࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ḟࡢၥྜࡏᩥࡣ㸪
ࠕࢳ࣮࣒ࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪
32 ಶࡢ⤖ᯝ tuple ࢆ㏉㑏ࡋࡓ(ẖᖺ㸪32 ࢳ࣮࣒ࡀཧຍ)㸬
ၥྜࡏᩥ 1㸸
SELECT t.name, t.group, t.continent,
flagimage
FROM
team t, openyear o
WHERE t.id = o.teamid and
o.year = 2006
ၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝ㸪ࠕnameࠖᒓᛶࡢ௦⾲ᗘࡣ 32 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ྠࡌྡ๓ࢆᣢࡘ㑅ᡭࡣ୍ேࡶ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟㉳
ᅉࡍࡿ㸬
ࠕnameࠖᒓᛶࡢ㞟⣙⋡ PI(Aname)ࡣ 1-(32/32)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
0 ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࠕflagimageࠖᒓᛶࡢ㞟⣙⋡ࡶ 0 ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
㞟⣙⋡ࡀ 0 ࡛࠶ࡿព࿡ࡣ㸪㔜」ࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ್ࡀ 1 ࡘࡶ
࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡇࡢᒓᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣᵓ㐀໬࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪௦⾲ᒓᛶ࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬
ࠕgroupࠖᒓᛶࡣ 8 ࡢ௦⾲ᗘࢆᣢࡗ࡚㸦Group A ࠿ࡽ
Group H ࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧㸪㞟⣙⋡ࡣ 1-(8/32)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 0.75 ࡟
࡞ࡿ㸬ྠࡌࡃ㸪ࠕcontinentࠖᒓᛶࡢ௦⾲್㞟ྜ㸦$
SVR(continent)㸧ࡣࠕAfrica㸪Asia㸪Europe㸪North and
Central America㸪South Americaࠖࡢ 5 ࡘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚㸪
௦⾲ᗘࡶ$5$࡟࡞ࡾ㸪㞟⣙⋡ࡣ 0.84 ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ၥྜࡏᩥ 1 ࡢ௦⾲ᒓᛶ㞟ྜ SAR(Q)
ࡣ
SAR(Q) = { group , continent }
࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
3.3. ௦⾲ᒓᛶ㛫䛾┦㛵
㞟⣙⋡ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝㸪ၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝ್࡟ᑐࡍࡿ௦⾲್ࡢ㞟
⣙⋡ࡀ㧗࠸㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪㞟⣙⋡ࡀ㧗࠸
ࠕcontinentࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᵓ㐀໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀṇࡋ࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡉ
ࢀࡿ㸬
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㞟⣙⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡔࡅ࡛ṇࡋ࠸௦⾲ᒓᛶ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ
࠿ࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
3.3.1
ྠ୍䝔䞊䝤䝹
ࡲࡎ㸪ၥྜࡏᩥࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ 1 ࡘࡢࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢࡳ㛵ಀࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿሙྜࡢ௦⾲ᒓᛶ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭
ࡿ㸬ࠕࢳ࣮࣒ࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿၥྜࡏᩥࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࠕ㑅
ᡭࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪௨ୗ࡟グࡍၥྜࡏᩥࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪
70
慎祥揆
2006 ᖺ World Cup ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ㑅ᡭ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ཰
㞟ࢆヨࡳࡓ㸬
ၥྜࡏᩥ 2㸸
SELECT p.name, p.birth, p.pisition,
p.clubs, p.height, p.weight
FROM
play p, team t, openyear o
WHERE t.teamid = o.teamid and
o.year = 2006 and t.id = p.teamid
౛ࡢၥྜࡏᩥ࠿ࡽぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ၥྜࡏࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣࠕ㑅
ᡭࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢၥྜࡏᩥ
࡟ᑐࡋ㸪736 ಶࡢ⤖ᯝ tuple ࡀ㏉㑏ࡉࢀࡓ㸦32 ࢳ࣮࣒࡛
ྛࢳ࣮࣒࡟ 23 ྡࡢ㑅ᡭ㸧㸬ၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽศᯒࡋࡓྛᒓ
ᛶࡢ௦⾲ᗘ࡜㞟⣙⋡ࡣ㸪
DR(Aname)=736,
PI(Aname)=1-736 / 736 = 0
DR(Abirth) = 691
PI(Abirth) = 1- 691 / 736 = 0.06$
࣭࣭࣭
࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
ࠕnameࠖ࡜ࠕbirthࠖࡣ 0 ࡟㏆࠸ࡢ࡛㸪௦⾲ᒓᛶ࡟ࡣ
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࠿ࡽ௦⾲ᒓᛶ࡟࡞
ࢀࡿ௦⾲ᒓᛶ㞟ྜࡣ{position㸪clubs㸪height㸪weight}
࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࠕ㑅ᡭࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢࡔࡅࢆㄪ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࡢ 3 ࡘ
ࡢᒓᛶࡀ௦⾲ᒓᛶ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᒓᛶ࡟ᚑ࠸㸪ᵓ㐀໬
ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࠕheightࠖ㸪ࠕweightࠖࡢᒓ
ᛶ࡛ᵓ㐀໬ࡍࡿࡢࡀṇࡋ࠸࠿ࡣ␲ၥ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢ
ྛᒓᛶ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍ
ࡿ㸬
3.3.2
ᒓᛶ㛫䛾┦㛵
ࠕpositionࠖᒓᛶࡢ⤖ᯝ್ࡢ୰࠿ࡽࡣᖹᆒ 4 ಶ㸦{DF㸪
FW㸪GK㸪MF}㸧ࡢ್ࡀໟྵࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
㞟 ⣙ ⋡ ࡣ $0.83$࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ௚ ࡟ 㸪ࠕ clubs ࠖ㸪ࠕ height ࠖ㸪
ࠕweightࠖᒓᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪0.5 ๓ᚋࡢ㞟⣙⋡ࢆぢࡏࡓ㸬
ࠕbirthࠖᒓᛶ࠿ࡽࠕteamidࠖᒓᛶ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿ
࡜㸪1 ࡘࡢࠕbirthࠖᒓᛶࡢ⤖ᯝ್࡟ᑐࡋ㸪࡯ࡰ 1 ࡘࡢ್
ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪1㸸1 ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ᵓ㐀໬࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬
ࠕpositionࠖᒓᛶ࠿ࡽࠕteamidࠖᒓᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ┦㛵ࢆ
ㄪ࡭ࡿ࡜ࠕpositionࠖᒓᛶࡢ್ 1 ࡘ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪23 ಶࡢ
ࠕteamidࠖᒓᛶࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪཯ᑐ࡛ᵓ㐀໬ࡍ
ࡿ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ㸬
ᐃ⩏ 5 ௦⾲ᒓᛶ➼ࡣ㸪஫࠸࡟┦㛵ࢆㄪ࡭㸪ໟྵ㛵ಀࢆ♧
ࡍ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪A ௦⾲ᒓᛶࡢ 1 ࡘࡢ⤖ᯝ್࡟ᑐࡋ㸪B ௦⾲
ᒓᛶࡢ್ࡀከᩘ㛵ಀࡉࢀ࡚࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪A ௦⾲ᒓᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚㸪B ௦⾲ᒓᛶࡸ௚ࡢᒓᛶࢆᵓ㐀໬ࡍࡿ㸬
௒ࡲ࡛ࡢㄪ࡭࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ࠕteamidࠖᒓᛶࡀ⏝࠸ࡉࢀࡓ
ሙྜࡣࠕpositionࠖᒓᛶࢆᵓ㐀໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍␒ຠ⋡࡛
ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡍࡿ㸬
3.3.3
ၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝࡀ㸪ྠ୍ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢᒓᛶࡢࡳ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ሙྜࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᒓᛶࡢ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࢆㄪ࡭ࡽࢀࡿ᝟ሗࡀᑡ
࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪2 ࡘ௨ୖࡢࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡀ JOIN ࡉࢀ㸪ၥྜ
ࡏ⤖ᯝࢆྲྀࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢ㛫࡟ࡶ㛵㐃ᛶ
ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᒓᛶࡢ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࢆㄪ࡭ࡽࢀࡿ᝟ሗࡀቑ࠼
ࡿ㸬
ࡑࡋ࡚㸪JOIN ࡍࡿࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢ⤫ィ᝟ሗࡶཧ⪃ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡛㸪ᒓᛶ➼ࡢ┦㛵ᛶࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃㄪ࡭ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ၥྜࡏᩥ
3 ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ ACTIVIEW ࡢၥྜࡏᩥ㸦㸰㸬㸰⠇ཧ↷㸧
࠿ࡽ㏻ᖖࡢၥྜࡏᩥࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
2006 ᖺ World Cup ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࢳ࣮࣒࡜㑅ᡭ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
ၥྜࡏᩥ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
౛ࡢၥྜࡏᩥ 2 ࡛⏝࠸ࡓࠕ㑅ᡭࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢྛᒓᛶ࡟
㛵ࡍࡿ┦㛵ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿ㸬ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢྛᒓᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ┦㛵ࡢ
ㄪ࡭ࡣ㸪ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࠿ࡽྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓ௦⾲ᒓᛶࢆᑐ㇟࡟
ࡍࡿ㸬
ࡲࡎ㸪ࠕteamidࠖࡢ௦⾲ᗘ࡜㞟⣙⋡ࡣ㸪
ၥྜࡏᩥ 3㸸
SELECT o.year, t.group, t.name, p.name,
p.birth, p.pisition, p.clubs,
p.height, p.weight
FROM
play p, team t, openyear o
WHERE t.teamid = o.teamid and
o.year = 2006 and t.id = p.teamid
DR(Ateamid) = 32
PI(Ateamid) = 1- 32 / 736 = 0.96
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௦⾲ᒓᛶ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ྛᒓᛶࡢ㛫ࡢໟྵ㛵ಀࢆㄪ࡭
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࡝ࡢᒓᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᵓ㐀໬࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡀㄪ࡭ࡽࢀ
ࡿ㸬
ࠕteamidࠖࡣ 32 ಶࡢ௦⾲್㸦ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢᩘ㸧ࢆᣢࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸬
1 ࡘࡢ௦⾲್࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࠕbirthࠖᒓᛶࡢ⤖ᯝ್ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ
ࡣᖹᆒ 23 ಶࡢ್ࡀໟྵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࠕteamidࠖ
ᒓᛶࡢ 1 ࡘࡢ௦⾲್࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࠕbirthࠖᒓᛶࡢ⤖ᯝ್࡜ࡢ
㞟⣙⋡ࡀ 0 ࡟࡞ࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ᐇ㝿ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽㄪ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪ྠࡌࢳ࣮࣒࡟ྠࡌㄌ⏕᪥
ࡶᣢࡘ㑅ᡭࡣ 4 ேࡋ࠿࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡔ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࠕteamidࠖ
ᒓᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࠕbirthࠖᒓᛶࡀᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶ㸪ព࿡࡞࠸
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࠕteamidࠖࡀၥྜࡏᩥ࡟⏝࠸ࡉࢀࡓ
ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕbirthࠖᒓᛶࡣᵓ㐀໬ࡋ࡞࠸㸬
ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪ࠕ teamidࠖ ᒓ ᛶ ࡢ 1 ࡘ ࡢ ௦ ⾲ ್ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪
JOIN
ࡲࡎ㸪WHERE ⠇࡛ JOIN ࡉࢀࡿࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ᝟ሗࢆཧ⪃
ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ㸬ྛࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢ tuple ࡢᩘࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢸ࣮
ࣈࣝ㛫ࡢໟྵ㛵ಀࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘㄪ࡭ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࠕteamࠖ࡜
ࠕplayerࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢ඲࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢫᩘࢆẚ࡭࡚ࡳࡿ࡜
ࡣࠕteamࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡢ඲࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢫᩘ 360 ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
ࠕplayerࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ᑡ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪2
ࡘࡢࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡣ WHERE ⠇࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪㛵ಀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽ࠿ࡽุ᩿ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࠕplayerࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡣࠕteamࠖ
ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࡟ໟྵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
ᐃ⩏ 6 ஫࠸࡟㛵ಀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢸ࣮ࣈࣝࡣ㸪඲࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥ
ࢫᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ഃࡀከ࠸ഃࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
4
ACTIVIEW 䛾ၥྜ䛫ᩥ䛾ᵓ㐀໬
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪3 ❶࡛㏙࡭ࡓ㸪ၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝࡢ⤫ィ᝟ሗࢆᇶ
統計的なデータ分析による問合せ結果の自動的な構造化
࡟ ACTIVIEW ࡢၥྜࡏᩥࡢᵓ㐀໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
ACTIVIEW ࡛ࡣ㸪ฟຊ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡜ࡋ࡚ HTML ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ㸪
HTML ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢᵓ㐀Ỵᐃࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪௨ୗ࡛ࡣ TFE
ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⪃࠼ࡿ㸬FROM ྃ㸪WHERE
ྃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟᭱ึࡢၥྜࡏ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ㏻ᖖࡢ
SQL ࡢࡶࡢࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ㸬ACTIVIEW ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪㜀ぴ⪅
ࡢ⾲ᖜ࡟㐺ᛂࡋࡓ Web ࣅ࣮ࣗ㸦௨ୗ㸪ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ㸧ࡢᥦ
౪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᡭἲࡀ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏ
◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ༢⣧࡟㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜ࡟⦰ࡵࡽࢀࡿࣞ
࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢᥦ౪࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ྛᒓᛶ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆồࡵࡓࣞ
࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢᥦ౪ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪ၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏ
ࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ⤫ィⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ㸪ᵓ㐀໬ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᵓ㐀໬ࡉ
ࢀࡓၥྜࡏᩥ࡟ᚑ࠸㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜ࡟㐺⏝ࡋࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘
ࢺࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ㸬
[ o.year ,
[ t.group ,
[ t.name ,
[ p.position %
[ p.name㸪p.birth㸪
p.clubs㸪p.height㸪p.weight
]!
]!]!]!]!
ᐇ㦂䛸⪃ᐹ
5
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᐇ㦂࡜
ホ౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
5.1
4.1 ཯᚟Ꮚ䛾㐺⏝
2.1.1 ⠇࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ SuperSQL ࡢၥྜࡏᩥࡣ⤖ྜ
Ꮚ࡜཯᚟Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ACTIVIE ࡢၥྜࡏ
ᩥࡣฟ∧࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ᣦᐃࡀ ACTIVIEW ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡳ࡛㸪
SuperSQL ࡜ྠࡌ᭩ࡁ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡎ㸪3.3 ⠇࡛㏙࡭ࡓ㸪
ྛᒓᛶࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ᇶ࡟㸪཯᚟Ꮚࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬
཯᚟Ꮚࢆᣦᐃࡼࡾ㸪ྛᒓᛶࡢ㛫࡟ໟྵ㛵ಀࡀᣦᐃ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ㸬3.3.2 ⠇ࡢᒓᛶ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࢆᚑ࠸㸪ၥྜࡏᩥ 3 ࡬ࡢ཯
᚟Ꮚࡢᣦᐃࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ㸬
ࡲࡎ㸪ࠕplayerࠖࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱᒓᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࠕp.name㸪p.birth㸪p.clubs㸪p.height㸪p.weightࠖ➼
ࡣ௦⾲ᒓᛶࠕp.positionࠖ㸪࡟௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
p.position [ p.name㸪p.birth㸪p.clubs㸪p.height㸪
p.weight ]!
⥆࠸࡚㸪3.3.1 ⠇࡜ 3.3.3 ⠇ࡢࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ㛫ࡢ JOIN ࢆᇶ
࡙ࡃᡭἲ࡟ᚑ࠸㸪཯᚟Ꮚࢆᣦᐃࡋࡓၥྜࡏᩥࢆ௨ୗ࡟グ
ࡋࡓ㸬
[ o.year,
[ t.group,
[ t.name,
[ p.position,
[ p.name㸪p.birth㸪
p.clubs㸪p.height㸪p.weight
]!
]!]!]!]!
4.2
䝇䝍䜲䝹䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛᪉ἲ
ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢹ࣮ࢱ࡞࡝㸪ᮏᩥࡸヲ⣽㡯┠ࡲ୍࡛ᗘ࡟⾲♧
ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜どㄆᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀ
ࡗ࡚㸪༢⣧࡟እഃ࡛㞟⣙ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣜࣥࢡࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ព࿡ⓗ࡟ศ๭ྍ⬟࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࣜࣥࢡࢆసࡾ㸪ヲ
⣽᝟ሗࢆࡑࡢඛ࡛⾲♧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᡭἲࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ
࠶ࡿ㸬
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪཯᚟Ꮚࡢ๓࡟ࣜࣥࢡࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿ㸬
ࡑࢀࡣ㸪⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓၥྜࡏᩥࡣ㸪
ྛせ⣲ࡢໟྵ㛵ಀࢆ཯᚟Ꮚ࡛ᣦྡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪཯᚟Ꮚ
ࡢ๓ࡢᒓᛶ࡜㸪཯᚟Ꮚ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚ḟ࡟⌧ࢀࡿᒓᛶࡢ㛵ಀ
ࡀ௚ࡢᒓᛶࡼࡾᙉ࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௨ୗࡢၥྜ
ࡏศࡢ㑅ᡭࡢ᝟ሗࡣ㸪ࠕp.positionࠖ࠿ࡽࣜࣥࢡࡉࢀࡓࣞ
࢖࢔࢘ࢺ࡛ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
71
ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ
ᚑ᮶ࡢᡭἲ࡜ẚ࡭㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ၥྜࡏࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ㸪
⤫ィⓗ࡟ศᯒࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᵓ㐀໬ࡋ㸪ACTIVIEW
ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ㸪㜀ぴ⪅࡟㸪ࡼࡾ㐺ᛂࡉࢀࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘
ࢺࢆ⏕ᡂࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ஦ࢆド᫂ࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ඖࡢၥྜࡏ
ᩥ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢ㐺⏝ࡋࡓᡭἲ࡜㸪⤫ィⓗ࡞ศ
ᯒ࡟ࡼࡾᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓၥྜࡏᩥ࡟࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ୧᪉
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺㸬ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗ 1 ࢆᇶ࡟㸪2 ࡘࡢ
ᡭἲ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪5.2 ⠇ࡢᐇ㦂⏝ࡢၥྜࡏᩥࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪⏕ᡂ
ࡉࢀࡿࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࠺㸬
5.2
ᐇ㦂䛻䜘䜛ẚ㍑
㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜ࡟㐺ᛂྍ⬟࡞ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪
ᚑ᮶ࡢᡭἲࡣၥྜࡏᩥ࡟⌧ࢀࡿせ⣲ࡢ㡰㏻࡟࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㐺
⏝ࡍࡿ࠿㸪ඖࡢၥྜࡏᩥ࠿ࡽ⏕ᡂྍ⬟࡞ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢࣃ
ࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⏕ᡂࡋ㸪࠶ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍ
ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢᡭἲࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ඖࡢၥྜࡏᩥࡢ⾲ᖜࡣ 1180
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪1180 ௨ୖࡢ⾲ᖜࢆᣢࡘ㜀ぴ⪅⎔ቃ
࡛ࡣ ACTIVIEW ฎ⌮ࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ
ᡭἲࢆᚑࡗ࡚㸪௨ୗᐇ㦂⏝ࡢၥྜࡏᩥࢆᵓ㐀໬ࡍࡿ࡜㸪
ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓၥྜࡏᩥ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ᐇ㦂⏝ࡢၥྜࡏᩥ㸸
GENERATE ACTIVIEW
[ o.year@{width=60}, o.name@{width=200},
t.group@{width=40}, t.name@{width=200},
t.flagimg@{width=50}, p.name@{width=300},
p.birth@{width=150}, p.pisition@{width=50},
p.height@{width=70}, p.weight@{width=60}
]!
FROM play p, team t, openyear o
WHERE t.teamid = o.teamid and
o.year = 2006 and t.id = p.teamid
ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓၥྜࡏᩥ㸸
GENERATE ACTIVIEW
[ o.year@{width=60}, o.name@{width=200},
[ t.group@¥{width=40¥},
[ t.name@¥{width=200¥}, t.flagimg@{width=50},
[ p.name@{width=300}, p.birth@{width=150¥},
p.pisition@{width=50}, p.height@{width=70},
p.weight@{width=60}
]! ]! ]!
]!
72
慎祥揆
FROM …
㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜࡀ 600 ࡢሙྜ㸪ᚑ᮶ᡭἲ࡜ᥦ᱌ᡭἲ࡟ࡼ
ࡿࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢᡭἲ࡛⏕ᡂࡉࢀ
ࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡀ㸪ᥦ᱌ᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘
ࢺࡼࡾ㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜ᭱㐺໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪せ⣲㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ
ᛶࡀぢ࠼࡞࠸㸬ࡑࢀ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㸪ᥦ᱌ᡭἲ㜀ぴ⪅࡟ぢࡸࡍ
࠸ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࢆ⏕ᡂࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ㄗᕪ⠊ᅖෆࡢࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ
ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᐇ㦂࡛ࡢㄗᕪ⠊ᅖࡣ 10%࡟ࡋࡓ㸬
ᅗ 5 ࡣ㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜࡀ 900 ࡢሙྜࡢࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ⤖ᯝ
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᥦ᱌ᡭἲ࡛ࡣ㸪880 ࡢᖜࢆᣢࡘࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ⤖ᯝ
ࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢᡭἲࡢ୰㸪ඖࡢၥྜࡏᩥ࠿ࡽࣞ࢖࢔
࢘ࢺ⤖ᯝࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㝿㸪࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿᑐ㇟࡝ࡋ࡚㸪
ඖࡢၥྜࡏᩥ࠿ࡽ⏕ᡂྍ⬟࡞඲ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᑐࡋ㸪࣮ࣝࣝ
ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡢࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
6
⪃ᐹ
⏕ᡂྍ⬟࡞ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࡓᚋ㸪࣮ࣝ
ࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿᡭἲࡣ㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜ࡟᭱㐺໬ࡉࢀࡓ⾲ᖜ
ࢆᣢࡘࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ⤖ᯝࡢ⏕ᡂࡣྍ⬟ࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪せ⣲ࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀࡢ㛵ಀ
ᅗ 5 㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜࡀ 900 ࡢሙྜ
࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ၥྜࡏ⤖
ᯝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪⤫ィⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ྛせ⣲㛫ࡢ
㛵ಀᛶࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆព࿡ⓗ࡟ศ๭ྍ⬟࡞ሙ
ᡤ࡛ศ๭ࡋู࡚ࠎ࡟⾲♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣどㄆᛶྥୖࡢࡓࡵ࡟
ࡶᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡢᥦ᱌ᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ព࿡
ᛶࢆᣢࡘせ⣲ࡢศ㢮ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ
࡛㸪ACTIVIEW ࡢ㐺⏝࡟ࡼࡿ㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜ࡟㐺⏝ࡋ
ࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࢆືⓗ࡟⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㝿ࡶ㸪ព࿡ⓗ࡟㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ
せ⣲➼ࡢ㞟ྜ࡛㸪ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢ෌ᵓ㐀ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
⤖ᯝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪⤫ィⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ྛせ⣲
㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆព࿡ⓗ࡟ศ๭ྍ⬟
࡞ሙᡤ࡛ศ๭ࡋู࡚ࠎ࡟⾲♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣどㄆᛶྥୖࡢࡓ
ࡵ࡟ࡶᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
ᮏ◊✲ࡢᥦ᱌ᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ព࿡ᛶࢆᣢࡘせ⣲ࡢศ㢮
ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ࡑࡋ࡛㸪ACTIVIEW ࡢ㐺⏝࡟ࡼࡿ㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜ࡟
㐺⏝ࡋࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࢆືⓗ࡟⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㝿ࡶ㸪ព࿡ⓗ࡟㛵
ಀ࠶ࡿせ⣲➼ࡢ㞟ྜ࡛㸪ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢ෌ᵓ㐀ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞
ࡗࡓ㸬
ᅗ 4 㜀ぴ⪅ࡢ⾲ᖜࡀ 600 ࡢሙྜ
7
䛚䜟䜚䛻
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪SuperSQL ࡢ TFE ᣦᐃ࡛㸪ᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸࡞࠸ ACTIVIEW ㉁ၥᩥࡢၥྜࡏ⤖ᯝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤫ィⓗ
ᛶ㉁ࢆᐃ⩏ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⮬ືⓗ࡟ᵓ㐀໬ࢆ⾜࠺ᡭ
ἲࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ㸬⤖ᯝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⤫ィⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ྛ
せ⣲㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ព࿡ᛶࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡍᡭἲࢆᥦ
᱌ࡋࡓ㸬ᥦ᱌ᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ACTIVIEW ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪
㜀ぴ⪅࡟ࡼࡾぢࡸࡍࡃጇᙜ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡓ㸬௒ᚋࡣ㸪⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱ௨እ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ Schema
᝟ሗࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࡢኚ᥮ࡸ㸪㜀ぴ⪅ࡢពᛮࡀ཯ᫎ
ྍ⬟࡞ၥྜࡏᩥࡢᵓ㐀໬ᡭἲ࡞࡝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚
࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
統計的なデータ分析による問合せ結果の自動的な構造化
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
Papastavrou㸪S㸪͆Mobile agents for World Wide Web
distributed database access㸪͇ IEEE Trans㸬Knowledge
and Data Engineering㸪Vol㸬24㸪Issue㸬11㸪pp㸬802
㸫820㸪2000㸬
Z㸬Xinwen㸪J㸬Won㸪G㸬Simon and K㸬Anugeetha㸪
͆ Elastic HTML5:Workolad Offloading Using
Cloud-Based Web Workers and Storages for Mobile
Devices 㸪͇ Mobile Compuiting, Applications, and
Services㸪Vol㸬76㸪Part㸬8㸪pp㸬373㸫381㸪2012㸬
M㸬H㸬Qusay㸪Z㸬Shaunr and N㸬Thanh㸪
͆Integrating
Mobile Storage into Database Systems Courses 㸪͇
SIGITE’12㸪2010㸬
H㸬Zef and V㸬Eelco㸪͆Declaratively progrmming the
mobile web with Mobl㸪
͇ OOPSLA’11㸪pp㸬695㸫712㸪
2011㸬
Y. Maeda, and M. Toyama㸪
͆ACTIVIEW : Adaptive data
presentation using SuperSQL 㸪͇ Proc 㸬 VLDB 㸪
pp.695-696, 2001.
S. G. Shin㸪͆ACTIVIEW : Implementation of Adaptive
Web View Using SuperSQL㸪͇ The 6th International
Conference on Informatics and Systems, 2008.
73
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.75－85 （2012） 〔論文〕
ラスト・モダンにおける近代化の「圧縮」戦略（発展戦略）
−開発主義と二つの共発主義−
前 田 充 浩*
Developmental Strategies, as 'Compressing' Methods of
Modernization in the Last Modern Era: Developmentalism and Two
Models of Co-developmentalism
Mitsuhiro Maeda*
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to classify models of valid developmental strategies which will be
adopted by developing economies in the 21st century. The strategy of developmentalism had been
adopted by Japan and some of the East Asian economies, and shown remarkable success in the latter
half of 20th century. In the 21st century, however, many successful cases of socio-economic
development could not be properly explained by the model of developmentalism . Studies of
Info-socionomics show a new model of 'co-developmentalism' to explain mechanism of recent
successful cases. This study shows two models of co-developmentalism , the Washington Model, based
on the Washington Consensus compiled in 1989, and the Connectivity Model, typically seen in
ASEAN s policies toward ASEAN Connectivity 2015.International organizations/networks, other
governments, research institutions have been collaboratively promoting various connectivity policies
and producing synergetic effects among them. APEN (Asia Professional Education Network) has
been playing significant roles in this area.
Keywords: reflexive modernization, developmentalism, co-developmentalism, connectivity, APEN
1.
問題の所在
1989 年の東西冷戦集結以降，それまで計画経済制度を
採っていた多くの諸国が市場経済化に取り組み，移行経
済圏諸国と呼ばれることとなった．爾後約四半世紀，そ
れら移行経済圏諸国の経済成長には大きな跛行性が見ら
れ，順調に経済成長が進んだ諸国と失敗した諸国の格差
が広がっている．
本研究は，幾つかの移行経済圏諸国が経済成長に成功
した重要な要因の１つはそれら諸国政府が適切な発展戦
略を採用をしたことであるという前提に立ち，その発展
戦略の内容を検討し，モデル化を試みるものである．
20 世紀後半以降の世界システムにおける重要課題の
１つは，発展途上国の開発，すなわち「貧しい」発展途
上国において順調な経済成長を推進し，相当程度の「豊
かさ」を実現することであると言える．その実現のため
には，それぞれの発展途上国が，発展戦略とここで呼ぶ
基本的な方針の下に，各般の政策を包括的，システマテ
ィックに策定し，推進していくことが必要になる．今日
の世界システムにおける重要課題の１つは，発展途上国
に対して，有効に機能する適切な発展戦略を提示するこ
とであると言える．発展途上国の経済成長の正否は，多
分に，政府が適切な発展戦略を採用できるかどうかに依
っていることになる．移行経済圏諸国とは，1989 年以前
Received on September 25, 2012
*産業技術研究科，School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
において，計画経済制度（または，それを包含する政治
体制としてのマルクス・レーニン主義）という制度を採
用したがゆえに経済成長に失敗していた諸国，と見るこ
ともできる．
なお，後に見るように本研究の整理では，発展戦略と
は工業化による経済成長を進めるための方法に関する概
念であるため，計画経済制度自体は発展戦略ではない．
したがって，計画経済制度を異なる発展戦略の下に推進
することはあり得る．しかしながら，歴史が示すところ
では，どのような発展戦略の下にあるとしても，計画経
済制度という制度を採用する限りにおいては順調な経済
成長はあり得なかったと言える．
問題は，移行経済圏諸国が 1989 年以降に採用した発
展戦略の内容である．計画経済制度を採用する選択肢が
事実上消滅した 20 世紀末の世界では，市場経済制度の
枠組の中に存在する多様な発展戦略の中のどれを採用す
るかによって爾後の経済成長の正否が大きく変わること
になる．
本研究では，第１に，発展途上国が自国の経済成長の
ために採用する発展戦略を類型化し，その内容を整理す
る．20 世紀末以降，実質的な選択肢として発展途上国に
提示された発展戦略としては，開発主義及び情報社会学
で言う共発主義の２つが考えられる．それらの特徴と有
76
前田充浩
ຠᛶࢆศᯒࡍࡿ㸬
➨㸰࡟㸪20 ୡ⣖ᮎ௨㝆ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ⛣
⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪1990 ᖺ௦࡟ ASEAN ࡟ຍ┕ࡋࡓ
㸲࠿ᅜ㸦࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔㸪ࣛ࢜ࢫ㸪࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥཬࡧ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒㸧
ࢆ᥇ࡾୖࡆ࡚ࡑࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࣭ࢫࢱࢹ࢕ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜ
ࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆᑟ࠸ࡓⓎᒎᡓ␎ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬
࡞࠾㸪ࡇࢀࡽ㸲࠿ᅜࡢ ASEAN ຍ┕ࡣ㸪1994 ᖺ 7 ᭶
ࡢ ASEAN እ┦఍ྜ࡛Ỵᐃࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࡢỴᐃ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪
1995 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 28 ᪥࡟࣋ࢺࢼ࣒㸪1997 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 23 ᪥࡟࣑ࣕ
࣐࣮ࣥཬࡧࣛ࢜ࢫ㸪1999 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 30 ᪥࡟࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ࡀ㸪
ࡑࢀࡒࢀ ASEAN ࡟ຍ┕ࡋࡓ㸬
➨㸱࡟㸪ࡑࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࣭ࢫࢱࢹ࢕ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඹⓎ୺
⩏ࡢ୰࡟㸰ࡘࡢ㢮ᆺࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸㢮ᆺࡢඹⓎ୺⩏ࡀ
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟኱ࡁ࡞ຠᯝࢆᣢࡕ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢ
㢮ᆺࡢඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢ᥎㐍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜᨻᗓࡢࡳ
࡞ࡽࡎᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢከࡃࡢ୺యࡀ༠ാࡋ㸪㔜␚ⓗ࡞ຠᯝࢆ
Ⓨ᥹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬
2.
2.1.
෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦໬࡜Ⓨᒎᡓ␎
๓ྐ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏
㏆௦໬ᡓ␎ࡢ᭷ࡍࡿຠᯝ࡜ࡣ㸪✺ࡁワࡵࡿ࡜㸪ᕤᴗ໬
ࢆ▷ᮇ㛫࡛ᡂຌࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᕤᴗ໬࡟ᚲせ࡜ࡉ
ࢀࡿᮇ㛫ࢆࠕᅽ⦰ࠖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
௒᪥㸪
ᕤᴗ໬ࡢ㐍ᒎࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆィ ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪
୍ேᙜࡓࡾ GNI ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬OECD㸪
ୡ⏺㖟⾜➼࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ୡ⏺ࡢᅜᐙࢆᴫࡡ୍ேᙜࡓࡾ
GNI ࡀ 10,000 ࢻࣝ⛬ᗘ࡛⥺ᘬࡁࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢᅜᐙࢆ
ඛ㐍ᅜ㸪௨ୗࡢᅜᐙࢆⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡜ࡍࡿศ㢮ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸦ὀ㸯㸧㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᕤᴗ໬ࡢࠕᅽ⦰ࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪⌧᫬Ⅼ࡟
࠾࠸୍࡚ேᙜࡓࡾ GNI ࡀ 10,000 ࢻࣝࢆ኱ࡁࡃୗᅇࡿㅖ
ᅜࡀ㸪▷ᮇ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ 10,000 ࢻࣝ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓࡣࡑ
ࢀࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ≧ែࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬1990
ᖺ௦࡟ᕷሙ⤒῭໬࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ぢࡿ࡜㸪୍㒊ࡢ㈨※⏘ฟᅜࢆ㝖࠸࡚㸪ྛᅜࡢ୍ேᙜࡓࡾ
GNI ࡣ 10,000 ࢻࣝ࡟኱ࡁࡃཬࡤ࡞࠸Ỉ‽࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
ࠕᅽ
⦰ࠖࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽㅖᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
1990 ᖺ௦ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᥇⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓⓎᒎᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪
௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
➨㸯ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ➨ 2 ḟୡ⏺኱
ᡓᚋ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚ 1950 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ 1980 ᖺ௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚᪥ᮏࡀ
᥇⏝ࡋ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ຠᯝࢆୖࡆ㸪1960 ᖺ௦௨㝆㸪⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡣ
࠶ࢀ࢔ࢪ࢔ NIEs㸦㡑ᅜ㸪ྎ‴㸪㤶 ཬࡧࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ㸧
࡟࠾࠸࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇࢀࡶࡲࡓ኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝࢆୖࡆ㸪1980
ᖺ௦௨㝆࡛ࡣ㸪ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ ASEAN ㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᥇⏝ࡉ
ࢀ࡚ᡂᯝࢆୖࡆࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
᪥ᮏ㸪࢔ࢪ࢔ NIEs ཬࡧ୍㒊ࡢ ASEAN ㅖᅜࡣ㸪࠸ࢃ
ࡺࡿ㞜⾜ᆺⓎᒎࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡣ㸪༢࡟
⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡀ㡰␒࡟㌶㐨࡟஌ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇࡢࡳ࡞
ࡽࡎ㸪Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ඹ㏻ᛶࢆᣢࡘ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃ
ࡕ⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡣ࠶ࢀ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢඹ㏻ᛶࢆ㸪ᮧୖὈுࡣ㸪ᮧୖὈ
ு㹙1992㹛࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ㸬
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪
ࠕ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜ࡣ㸪⚾᭷㈈⏘ไ࡜ᕷሙ⤒῭㸦ࡍ࡞
ࢃࡕ㈨ᮏ୺⩏㸧ࢆᇶᮏᯟ⤌࡜ࡍࡿࡀ㸪⏘ᴗ໬ࡢ㐩ᡂ㸦ࡍ
࡞ࢃࡕ୍ேᙜࡾ⏕⏘ࡢᣢ⥆ⓗᡂ㛗㸧ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟
ᙺ❧ࡘ࠿ࡂࡾ㸪ᕷሙ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛗ᮇⓗどⅬ࠿ࡽᨻᗓࡀ௓ධ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᐜㄆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⤒῭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㛤Ⓨ୺
⩏ࡣ㸪᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ᅜᐙ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㢮ఝࡢᨻ἞ⓗ⤫ྜయ㸧ࢆ
༢఩࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡉࢀࡿᨻ἞⤒῭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢሙ
ྜ㸪㆟఍ไẸ୺୺⩏࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢไ⣙㸦⋤ไ୍࣭ඪ
⊂⿢ไ࣭㌷㒊⊂⿢ไ࡞࡝㸧
ࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸㸬
ࠖ
㸦ᮧୖὈு㹙1992㹛ୗ p5-6㸬
㸧
㸬
➹⪅ࡣ๓⏣඘ᾈ㹙2011㹛࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩚ⌮ࡉࢀ
ࡓ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆࡉࡽ࡟㸰ࡘࡢ㢮ᆺ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᙅ࠸㛤Ⓨ୺⩏
࡜ᙉ࠸㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ㢮ᆺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ㸬
ᙅ࠸㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜ࡣ㸪
ࠕᅜᐙࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞⏘
ᴗࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡋ㸪ࡑࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡉࢀࡓ⏘ᴗ
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⿵ຓ㔠㸪ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨᨭ᥼➼ࡢᨭ᥼ᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌࡿࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢱ࣮ࢤࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡉࢀࡓ⏘ᴗ㸪ࡑࢀ࡬ࡢᨭ᥼ࡢ
᪉ἲ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜᐙ㛤Ⓨ‫ۑۑ‬ᖺィ⏬➼࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ
NIS 㸦 ᅜ ᐙ ࢖ ࣀ ࣋ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࣭ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ 㸸 National
Innovation System㸧࡜࠸࠺ᩥ᭩࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ㸪Ⓨ⾲ࡉ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸㸬
ࠖ
㸦๓⏣඘ᾈ㹙2011㹛p57㸧
㸬
ᙉ࠸㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜ࡣ㸪
࢔ࢭࣥࣈ࣮ࣜ⣔〇㐀ᴗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖹᆒ
㈝⏝㏴ῶᒁ㠃ࡀᗈࡃ⌧ࢀࡿ⏘ᴗࢆ୺ᑟ⏘ᴗ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟
ᕷሙࡢኻᩋࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟᭷ຠ࡞Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᖹᆒ
㈝⏝㏴ῶᒁ㠃ࡀᗈࡃ⌧ࢀࡿ⏘ᴗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᙜ㠃ࡣ⏕⏘つᶍࢆ
ᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡓࡵ㸪඲࡚ࡢ௻ᴗ
࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢࢼࢵࢩࣗᆒ⾮ࡣ㸪⏕⏘つᶍࢆᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ
タഛᢞ㈨ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪㟂せ࡟ࡣ㝈ᗘࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢࢼࢵࢩࣗᆒ⾮ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪㐣๫⏕⏘࡟ࡼࡾከࡃ
ࡢ௻ᴗࡀಽ⏘ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ࡟⊂༨ࡲࡓࡣᐻ༨ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᕷሙࡢኻᩋࢆ㑊ࡅ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ௻
ᴗࡀ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᡓ␎࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ㐺ษ࡟㐍ࡵ㸪࠿
ࡘ௻ᴗ㛫ࡢ㐺ษ࡞➇தࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ≧ែࢆᨻᗓࡢᨻ⟇࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡀᙉ࠸㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➃ⓗ࡟
ࡣ㸪⾜ᨻᣦᑟ࡜࠸࠺ἲᚊ࡟ᇶ࡙࠿࡞࠸᪉ἲ࡛ᨻᗓࡀᕷሙ
࡟௓ධࡋ㸪
ཧධつไཬࡧタഛᢞ㈨つไࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪
ᴗ⏺ẖ࡟㐺ษ࡞ᩘࡢ௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡿ㐺ṇ➇தࢆ㐍ࡵࡉࡏࡿ࡜
࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡣ㸪1950 ᖺ௦ࡢ᪥ᮏࢆᄏ▮࡟ከࡃ
ࡢㅖᅜ࡛኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝࢆୖࡆࡓࡓࡵ㸪1990 ᖺ௦ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭
ᅪㅖᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ᭷ຊ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥࡜ᡂࡾᚓࡓ㸬᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࡟
࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ୡ⏺ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡢከࡃࡀ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆ᥇
⏝ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪᪥ᮏࡢࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑ኱ࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᬑཬࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤒⦋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
๓⏣඘ᾈ㹙2011㹛࡛ศᯒࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢせ᪨ࢆ
㏙࡭ࡿ࡜௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
1993 ᖺ㸪᪥ᮏᨻᗓ㸦㏻ၟ⏘ᴗ┬㸧ࡣ㸪
ࠕASEAN ⏘ᴗ
㧗 ᗘ ໬ ࣅ ࢪ ࣙ ࣥ Ѹ ⏘ ᴗ ᨻ ⟇ ࡢ ࢫ ࢫ ࣓ ࠖ㸦 ㏻ ၟ ⏘ ᴗ ┬
㹙1993㹛
㸧࡜㢟ࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩ࢆ࡜ࡾࡲ࡜ࡵ㸪᪥ ASEAN ⤒
῭㛶൉఍㆟㸦AEM-MITI㸧࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚᪥
ASEAN ⤒῭㛶൉఍㆟ࡣ㸪ASEAN ㅖᅜࡀྠᩥ᭩࡛♧ࡉ
ࢀࡓෆᐜࡢᨻ⟇ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆỴᐃࡋ㸪᪥ᮏᨻᗓ
㸦㏻ၟ⏘ᴗ┬㸧ࡣ㸪ASEAN ୺せᅜ࡜ࡑࡢᨻ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍ
ࡿࡓࡵࡢḟᐁ⣭ᨻ⟇ᑐヰࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆᗄࡘ࠿タ
⨨ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ࡢ๪㢟࡛ゝ࠺ࠕ⏘ᴗᨻ⟇ࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏ
ࡀᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ᑬࡶ㸪1993 ᖺࡢ
Ỵᐃࢆཷࡅ࡚ḟᐁ⣭ᨻ⟇ᑐヰࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࢱ࢖㸪࣐
ࣞ࢖ࢩ࢔㸪࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ཬࡧࣇ࢕ࣜࣆ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾ㸪⛣⾜⤒
῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬
1994 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㸪
᪥ᮏ࡜ ASEAN ࡢඹྠ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪
᪥ ASEAN
⤒῭㛶൉఍㆟ࡢᖖタᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔࣭ࣛ࢜ࢫ࣭
࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ⏘ᴗ༠ຊ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠖࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ
ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔㸪ࣛ࢜ࢫཬࡧ࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚ᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘ࡬ࡢ෇⁥࡞⛣⾜ࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞
༠ຊࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋࡓࡢࡳ࡞
ラスト・モダンにおける近代化の「圧縮」戦略（発展戦略） 開発主義と二つの共発主義
ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆᬑཬࡉࡏࡿᡭẁ࡜
ࡋ࡚ࡶᶵ⬟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ᢡࡋࡶ 1993 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡀࠕᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢወ㊧ࠖ
࡜㢟ࡉࢀࡓሗ࿌᭩㸦ୡ⏺㖟⾜㹙1993㹛㸧ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ㸪㛤Ⓨ
୺⩏ࡢ᰿ᖿ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪ᑂ㆟఍➼ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᅜෆࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝ
ࢲ࣮ࡢࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫᙧᡂ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࢫࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬
᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣ㸪
୰ኸ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪
㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢᬑཬࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬1990 ᖺ௦࡟ࡣ㸪࢟ࣝࢠࢫࢱࣥ㸪
࢝ࢨࣇࢫࢱࣥ㸪࢘ࢬ࣋࢟ࢫࢱࣥཬࡧࢺࣝࢡ࣓ࢽࢫࢱࣥ࡟
ᑐࡋ࡚෇೉Ḱࡢ౪୚ࢆ㛤ጞࡋ㸪
ࡑࡢᨻᗓ㛫༠㆟࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪
෇೉Ḱ౪୚ࡢ஦ᐇୖࡢ᮲௳ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
୺⩏ⓗ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡢ᥇⏝ࢆ᥎ዡࡋࡓ㸬
ࡲࡓ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣ 1993 ᖺ࡟ TICAD㸦࢔ࣇࣜ࢝㛤Ⓨ఍
㆟ 㸸 Tokyo International Conference on African
Development㸧ࢆ㛤ጞࡋ㸪࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ㅖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨ୺
⩏ࢆᬑཬࡍࡿࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆᚓࡓ㸬
JICA 㸦 ᅜ 㝿 ༠ ຊ ᶵ ᵓ 㸸 Japan International
Cooperation Agency㸧ࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ௦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ୡ⏺ࡢ⛣
⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡢᨻᗓࡢ⾜ᨻᐁࢆ᪥ᮏ࡬ᣍࡁ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆ
ᩍ࠼ࡿከࡃࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓ㸬኱Ꮫ࡛ࡶ㸪౛࠼ࡤᨻ
⟇◊✲኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ௦ᮎ࠿ࡽ 21 ୡ⣖࡟࠿ࡅ࡚
㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢㅮᗙࢆ⨨ࡁ㸪ୡ⏺ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡢ㈈ົ┬
ࡲࡓࡣ୰ኸ㖟⾜ࡢ⾜ᨻᐁ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜ࡗ
ࡓ㸬
୍᪉㸪21 ୡ⣖ࡢ௒᪥࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡣୡ⏺ࡢ⛣
⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡛ᗈࡃ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃ
ࡕ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟ᮧୖὈுࡀ 1991 ᖺ࡟ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪
㛤Ⓨ୺⩏㸪≉࡟ᙉ࠸㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᗄࡘ࠿
ࡢ㔜せ࡞๓ᥦࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡢከࡃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ
ࡑࡢ๓ᥦࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
᭱኱ࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᙉ࠸㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞๓ᥦ࡛
࠶ࡿᨻᗓ࡜Ẹ㛫㒊㛛࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ≉ูࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀࡀ⛣⾜⤒῭
ᅪㅖᅜࡢከࡃ࡛ࡣᐇ⌧୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᙉ࠸
㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢ᰿ᖿࡣ㸪Ẹ㛫௻ᴗࡢタഛᢞ㈨ᢚไ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑ
ࢀࢆᨻᗓࡣ㸪ἲᚊ࡟ᇶ࡙࠿࡞࠸⾜ᨻᣦᑟ࡜࠸࠺᪉ἲ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㸬Ẹ㛫௻ᴗࡣ㸪ᨻᗓࡢ⾜ᨻᣦᑟ࡟᭹ࡋ࡚㸪
▷ᮇⓗ࡟ࡣࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶ㸪฼┈ࡢቑ኱ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍタഛᢞ㈨
ࢆ᩿ᛕࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪Ẹ㛫௻ᴗࡀ㸪ᨻᗓ
ࡣᴗ⏺඲యࡢⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵ࡟ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᨻ
ᗓࡢ⾜ᨻᣦᑟ࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪▷ᮇⓗ࡟ࡣタഛᢞ㈨ࡢ᩿ᛕ
࡛୙฼┈ࢆ⿕ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ࡣ⮬♫ࡢ฼┈࡟࡞ࡿ
࡜ಙ㢗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡀศᯒࡋࡓᑂ
㆟఍ไᗘࡶ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ಙ㢗㛵ಀࡢ㔊ᡂ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ຠᯝࡀ
࠶ࡿ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬
⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡀࠕ⛣⾜ࠖࡍࡿ๓㸪ィ⏬⤒῭ไᗘࢆ᥇
⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣ㸪タഛᢞ㈨ࡢỴᐃࡣ㸪ᨻᗓࡀ⾜࠸㸪
ᨻᗓࡀ௻ᴗ࡟ࡑࢀࢆ࿨௧ࡋࡓ㸬୍᪉ᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࡢᑟධ
࡟ࡼࡾᨻᗓࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞࿨௧ᶒ㝈ࢆኻ࠸㸪タഛᢞ㈨ࡣ௻
ᴗࡢุ᩿࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐ
ⓗ⤒⦋ࢆ⤒࡚࠸ࡿ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ἲᚊ࡟ᇶ࡙
࠿ࡎ࡟┦஫ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᩚഛᢞ㈨ࡢ᩿ᛕࢆಁࡍ
ไᗘࡣ㸪㐠Ⴀࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
ASEAN ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢࡿ࡜㸪1986 ᖺ࡟
ࢻ࢖ࣔ࢖ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡣ㸪ከศ࡟㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆ୰᰾
࡜ࡍࡿⓎᒎᡓ␎ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦ὀ㸰㸧
㸬
୍᪉㸪௚ࡢㅖᅜ㸦࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔㸪ࣛ࢜ࢫཬࡧ࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ㸧
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪1993~1994 ᖺ㡭ࡢ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡢ┠ㄽぢ࡟ࡣ཯
ࡋ࡚㸪21 ୡ⣖࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡀ᪥ᮏᆺࡢ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏
77
ࢆⓎᒎᡓ␎ࡢ୰᰾࡟ᤣ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ฿ᗏุࡌ㞴࠸㸬
୍᪉㸪
ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡣ 21 ୡ⣖࡟ධࡿ࡜㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㧗࠸⤒῭ᡂ㛗
ࢆ㐙ࡆࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢⓎᒎᡓ␎ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜ࡣูࡢࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸬
2.2.
ඹⓎ୺⩏㸦Co-developmentalism㸧
21 ୡ⣖࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ୡ⏺୰࡛㸪⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡢࡳ࡞
ࡽࡎ㸪ᩘከࡃࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀᛴ㏿࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐙ࡆࡘࡘ
࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽㅖᅜࡢⓎᒎᡓ␎࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡢ
సᴗࡶ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬
᝟ሗ♫఍Ꮫࡢ๰ጞ⪅࡛࠶ࡿබᩥಇᖹࡣ㸪㏆௦㛤ጞ௨᮶
ࡢᩘⓒᖺ㛫ࡢṔྐࢆಠ▔ࡋ㸪1550 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢ㏆௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ᅜᐙ໬ࡢᒁ㠃ࢆ㸪௨ୗࡢ 5 ᒁ㠃࡛ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᝟ሗ♫఍
Ꮫ࡛ゝ࠺ᅜᐙ໬ࡢᒁ㠃࡜ࡣ㸪ᅜᐙࡢ୺せ࡞ᙺ๭ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡜
ࡋ࡚⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢಁ㐍ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ᅜᐙ༢఩࡛⤒
῭ᡂ㛗ࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢయไࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼
ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ⓨᒎᡓ␎ࡢ࠶ࡿ㠃ࢆᣦࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ぢࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᒁ㠃ࡢᮎᮇ࡟ࡣ㸪᪂ࡓ
࡞ᒁ㠃࡜ࡢ㔜␚ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪᫬ᮇࡀ㔜」ࡍࡿ㸬
➨㸯࡟㸪ᴫࡡ 1550 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1700 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢᮇ㛫ࡣ㸪
⤯ᑐ⋤ᨻ࡜࠸࠺ไᗘࡀᅜᐙ໬ࡢ୺せ࡞᪉ᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽ
ࢀࡓ㸬➨㸰࡟㸪ᴫࡡ 1650 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1800 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢᮇ㛫
ࡣ㸪❧᠇ྩ୺ᨻ࡜࠸࠺ไᗘࡀᅜᐙ໬ࡢ୺せ࡞᪉ᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚
⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ㸬➨㸱࡟㸪ᴫࡡ 1750 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1900 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚
ࡢᮇ㛫ࡣ㸪Ẹ୺ඹ࿴ᨻ࡜࠸࠺ไᗘࡀᅜᐙ໬ࡢ୺せ࡞᪉ᘧ
࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣୡ⏺ᶆ‽࡜࡞ࡾ㸪௒᪥ࡢୡ⏺࡟
ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆಖᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
➨㸲࡟㸪1850 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2000 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢᮇ㛫࡟ୡ⏺࡛
ᖜᗈࡃ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓᅜᐙ໬ࡢ᪉ᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆᣲࡆ
ࡿ㸬㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜ࡣ㸪ᚋⓎᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᅽ⦰ࠖ
㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ▷
ᮇ㛫࡟୍ேᙜࡓࡾ GNI ࢆ኱ࡁࡃ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪
ᨻᗓࡀᕷ
ሙ࡟ᗈ⠊࡟௓ධࡍࡿ➼኱ࡁ࡞࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿ
♫఍ⓗ࡞ไᗘ㸦ᅜᐙ໬ࡢ᪉ᘧ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ
ព࿡࡛ࡢ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡣ㸪19 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࡟ࡣ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢⱥᅜ㸪ࣇ
ࣛࣥࢫ➼ඛⓎᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㐜ࢀ࡚ᕤᴗ໬ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓᚋⓎᅜ
ࡓࡿࢻ࢖ࢶ㸪᪥ᮏࡀ᥇⏝ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ 20 ୡ⣖࡟ධࡿ࡜㸪㠉
࿨ᚋࡢࢯ㐃ࡶ㐃࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ὀ㸱㸧
㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ 20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࡟࡞
ࡿ࡜㸪㞜⾜ᆺ࡟㸪࢔ࢪ࢔ NIEs㸪୰ᅜ㸪୍㒊ࡢ ASEAN
ㅖᅜࡀ㐃࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
බᩥಇᖹࡢᩚ⌮ࡢ≉ᚩࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪➨㸳ࡢᒁ
㠃ࢆࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪1950 ᖺ࠿
ࡽ㸦ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㸲ࡘࡢᒁ㠃ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ 150 ᖺ㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ከศ 2100 ᖺࡲ࡛㸧࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢᮇ㛫࡟࠾
࠸࡚୺せ࡞᪉ᘧ࡜࡞ࡿᅜᐙ໬ࡢ᪉ᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඹⓎ୺⩏
㸦co-developmentalism㸧ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ྠᵝ㸪
ࠕᅽ⦰ࠖ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ
Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⤯ᑐ
⋤ᨻ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪❧᠇ྩ୺ᨻ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪Ẹ୺ඹ࿴ᨻ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ㧗࠸Ỉ‽ࡢ୍ேᙜࡓࡾ GNI ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡓᅜᐙ㸦ᚋⓎᅜࡲࡓࡣⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ㸬
㸧ࡀ㸪▷ᮇ㛫
࡟ࡑࢀࢆඛⓎᅜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚㐯Ⰽ࡞࠸Ỉ‽࡟㧗ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ
ሙྜ࡟᥇⏝ࡍࡿⓎᒎᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩚ⌮ࡢ௙᪉ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏
ࢆᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟㝈ᐃࡍࡿᮧୖὈுࡢ
ᩚ⌮࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
ᇶ‽ࡣ㸪⤒῭ᡂ㛗㸦㏆௦໬ࡢࠕᅽ⦰ࠖ
㸧ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡜
ࡉࢀࡿᨻ⟇ࡢ⟇ᐃ࡜㐠Ⴀ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪እᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿
ᶵ㛵➼ࡢ㛵୚ࢆㄆࡵࡿ⛬ᗘ࡟࠶ࡿ㸬㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ
78
前田充浩
࡟㸪⮬ᅜᨻᗓ㸪➃ⓗ࡟ࡣ⮬ᅜẸ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ⾜ᨻ
ᶵᵓࡀ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࢆ᥇ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪እᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓ
ࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡢ㛵୚ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡟ࡋ࠿ㄆࡵ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡣ㸪㏫࡟㸪እᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡢ㛵୚ࢆ
ᗈ⠊࡟ㄆࡵ㸪⮬ᅜẸ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ⾜ᨻᶵᵓࡀ኱ࡁ
࡞࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࢆ᥇ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࡇࡔࢃࡽ࡞࠸
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝඹⓎ୺⩏ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓㅖᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪እᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓ
ࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡀ⟇ᐃࡋࡓᨻ⟇ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ᥇⏝ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓࡑ
ࡢᐇ᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶእᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡀ୺ᑟⓗ࡞
ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ஦ែࡀᗈࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬බᩥಇᖹ
ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞஦ែࡣ㸪1950 ᖺ௨㝆㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅ 21 ୡ⣖
ࡢୡ⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪౛እⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࡶ
ࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪⮬ᅜẸ࡟ࡼࡿඃ⚽࡞⾜
ᨻᶵᵓ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡢ⫱ᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡟㛗
࠸᫬㛫ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜࡀከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡍ
࡛࡟ᅜෆ࡟ඃ⚽࡛㸪࠿ࡘ⮬ᅜࡢⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵ࡟㌟࿨ࢆ㉃ࡍ
ࡿ㧗࠸ࣔࣛࣝ࡟ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡓேᮦࡀ༑ศ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ
ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࢆ⮬ᅜẸࠕࡢࡳࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣẚ㍑ⓗᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿ㸬20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙㸪᪥ᮏ࡟⥆࠸࡚㡑
ᅜ㸪ྎ‴ࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡀୡ⏺ࡢὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓ㡭㸪ࡇࢀࡽㅖ
ᅜࡢᡂຌࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ⛉ᣲไᗘࡢఏ⤫ࢆ≌ࡃඃ⚽࡞ࢸ
ࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺೃ⿵ࡀࡍ࡛࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࠖࢆᣲࡆࡿ
ぢ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺೃ⿵ࡀ
Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᙼ㸦ዪ㸧㐩ࢆᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ࢸ
ࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪␃Ꮫࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪
┦ᙜࡢࢥࢫࢺࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᩍ⫱㸪カ⦎ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞
ࡿ㸬
୍᪉㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛ
ࢺೃ⿵ࡀ༑ศ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡶᑡ࡞ࡃࡣ࡞࠸㸬ෆ
ᡓ➼࡟ࡼࡾᚑ᮶ࡢᨻᗓࡀᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡉ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸ࢃࡺ
ࡿࠕኻᩋᅜᐙ㸦failed states㸧
ࠖࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ≉࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ኱
ࡁ࠸㸬࣏࣭࣏ࣝࢺᨻᶒ࡟ࡼࡿ▱㆑ேࡢ኱㔞⹢ẅࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ
ࡓ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ඾ᆺ౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽㅖᅜࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜࠸࠺Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡟ᇶ࡙࠸
࡚⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐍ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡢ
⫱ᡂ࡟⭾኱࡞᫬㛫ࢆせࡋ㸪኱ࡁ࡞ᅔ㞴࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡿ㸬
୍᪉ୡ⏺࡛ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛࡟ 20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࠿ࡽ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜㸪࢔
ࢪ ࢔ 㛤 Ⓨ 㖟 ⾜ ➼ ࡢ MDBs 㸦 ከ ᅜ ⡠ 㛤 Ⓨ 㔠 ⼥ ᶵ 㛵 㸸
Multilateral Developmental Banks㸧
㸪ᅜ㝿㐃ྜ㸪OECD
㸦 ⤒ ῭ ༠ ຊ 㛤 Ⓨ ᶵ ᵓ 㸸 Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development㸧➼ࡢᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵㸪ཬࡧከ
ࡃࡢඛ㐍ᅜᨻᗓࡀ㸪ಶูࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ᥇⏝ࡍ࡭ࡁࡉࡲ
ࡊࡲ࡞ᨻ⟇ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜᨻᗓ࡟ࡑࡢ᥇⏝ࢆᥦ᱌
ࡋ㸪᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᐇ᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ୺ᑟⓗ࡞
ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᗈࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ㸪
ࡑࢀࡽࡢᥦ᱌ࢆཷࡅධࢀ㸪ᚲせ࡞ᅜෆࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ᥇ࡾ㸪
㢳ၥࢆཷࡅධࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡲࡓࡣඛ㐍ᅜᨻᗓ࡜ᐃ
ᮇ༠㆟ࡢሙࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᙜヱⓎ
ᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ㸪⮬ᅜẸ࡟ࡼࡿࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡢᵓ⠏࡜
࠸࠺సᴗࢆ኱ࡁࡃ⡆␎໬ࡋࡘࡘ㸪┦ᙜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆᐇ⌧
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ᫬ᮇࡢ࠶ࡿⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ᥇⏝ࡋࡓⓎᒎ
ᡓ␎ࢆ㸪100%㛤Ⓨ୺⩏㸪ࡲࡓࡣ 100%ඹⓎ୺⩏࡜ᓧูࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚲࡎ୧⪅ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
୍᪉ 21 ୡ⣖࡟࠾࠸࡚ᛴ㏿࡟⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡘࡘ࠶
ࡿⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢከࡃ࡛ࡣ㸪ඹⓎ୺⩏࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿせᅉࡀ
኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ASEAN ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ 1986 ᖺ௨㝆⊂ຊ࡛ࢻ࢖ࣔ࢖ࢆ᥎㐍
ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪┦ᙜ⛬ᗘ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢせᅉࢆㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿ㸬
୍᪉㸪௚ࡢㅖᅜ㸦࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔㸪ࣛ࢜ࢫཬࡧ࣑࣐࣮ࣕࣥ㸧
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪21 ୡ⣖࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢᡂ
ຌࡣ㸪ከศ࡟ඹⓎ୺⩏࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ぢࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
2.3.
ඹⓎ୺⩏࡜෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦
ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡣ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜ẚ࡭࡚㸪ࡍ࡛࡟ᅜෆ࡟₶ἑ࡞ࢸ
ࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺೃ⿵ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪▷࠸‽ഛ
ᮇ㛫࡛㧗࠸⤒῭ᡂ㛗㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ㞳㝣ࠖࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ฼Ⅼࡺ࠼࡟㸪20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙㸪
≉࡟ 21 ୡ⣖࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽከࡃࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀඹⓎ୺⩏
ࢆ୰᰾࡜ࡍࡿⓎᒎᡓ␎ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ㸪⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
୍᪉ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢḞ㝗࡜ࡋ࡚㸪௨ୗࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
➨㸯ࡢḞ㝗ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨᣢ⥆ᛶ㸦sustainability㸧ࡢၥ㢟࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬እᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡢᥦ᱌ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࢆࡑࡢ
ࡲࡲ᥇⏝ࡋ㸪࠿ࡘࡑࡢᐇ᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶእᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ
㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ຓຊࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪☜࠿࡟ࠕ㞳㝣ࠖࡣ
ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ⥅⥆ࡋ㸪ඛⓎᅜࡢỈ‽㸦⌧
᫬Ⅼ࡛ OECD ࡢᇶ‽ࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪
ᴫࡡ୍ேᙜࡓ
ࡾ 10,000 ࢻࣝ㸬
㸧࡟㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸㸬
➨㸰ࡢḞ㝗ࡣ㸪㑅ᢥࡢၥ㢟㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᩘከࡃࡢእᅜᨻ
ᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀูࠎࡢᥦ᱌ࢆᣢࡗ࡚᮶ࡿ
≧ἣ࡛㸪⮬ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ᨻ⟇ࢆṇࡋࡃ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ
⬟ຊࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡿᥦ᱌ࡢෆᐜࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗
࡞ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ㑅ᢥࡀࡑࡢᚋࡢ⮬ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢṇ
ྰࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢᮾす෭ᡓᮇ࡟ࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚㔜
せ࡞ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ㸪≉࡟᪂ࡓ࡟ᨻ἞ⓗ⊂❧
ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ㸪
すഃ㝕Ⴀ࠿ࡽᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࢆ㸪
ᮾഃ㝕Ⴀ࠿ࡽィ⏬⤒῭ไᗘࢆᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ከࡃࡢⓎᒎ㏵
ୖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᨻ἞ⓗ㸪ᚰ᝟ⓗ࡟㸪ᮾഃ㝕Ⴀࡢㄝᚓࢆ⪺
ࡃᚿྥࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ᫆࠿ࡗࡓ㸬᪂ࡓ࡟ᨻ἞ⓗ⊂❧ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓ
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ᐀୺ᅜࡣṤ࡝ࡀすഃ㝕Ⴀࡢ୺せᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
ࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼㸪ᮾഃ㝕Ⴀࡢ⾜ࡗࡓḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄝᚓ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃ
ࡕࠕⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢேࠎࡀ㈋ࡋ࠸ࡢࡣ஧㔜ࡢᦢྲྀ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃ
ࡕᅜෆ࡛㈨ᮏᐙࡀປാ⪅ࢆᦢྲྀࡋ㸪ࡲࡓᅜ㝿⤒῭࡛ඛ㐍
ᅜࡀⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࢆᦢྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚
㈋ᅔ࠿ࡽ⬺ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢᦢྲྀࢆ೵Ṇࡉࡏࢀࡤࡼ
࠸㸬
ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿ୺ᙇࡀㄝᚓຊࢆᣢࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓィ⏬
⤒῭ไᗘࡣ㏻ᖖඹ⏘ඪ୍ඪ⊂⿢࡜ࢭࢵࢺ࡛᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㑅ᣲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᶒຊࡢᗙࢆ㏣ࢃࢀࡿ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࡞
࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣከࡃࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢᶒຊ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㨩ຊⓗ࡞ࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽࡢせᅉ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ 1960-1980 ᖺ௦࡟ࡣ㸪ከ
ࡃࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀィ⏬⤒῭ไᗘࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ࡑࡢ
⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᖐ⤖࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝࢆᚅࡓ࡞࠸㸬
1990 ᖺ௦ึ㢌㸪ィ⏬⤒῭ไᗘࡀ㑅ᢥ⫥࡜ࡋ࡚ᾘ⁛ࡋࡓ
ᚋ㸪1990 ᖺ௦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࡢ୰࡟ࡶᵝࠎ࡞㢮
ᆺࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪
௒᪥࡛ࡣ
㸦ᵝࠎ
࡞ᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘ㛫ࡢ㸧ไᗘ㛫➇த㸪࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸬ୡ⏺ࡢ
୺せᅜࡣ㸪
ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂≉ࡢෆᐜࡢᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪
㐠Ⴀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࢀࡽ୺せᅜࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟ᑐ
ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᅜࡢᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎ዡࡋ࡚
ラスト・モダンにおける近代化の「圧縮」戦略（発展戦略） 開発主義と二つの共発主義
࠸ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ୺せᅜ㛫ࡢไᗘ㛫➇தࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟
᥎ዡࡍࡿᨻ⟇㛫➇தࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୺せᅜࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ
㏵ୖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⮬ᅜࡢᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡋࡓᨻ⟇ࢆ
᥇⏝ࡉࡏࡿㄝᚓࡢ➇த㸦᝟ሗ♫఍Ꮫࡢ⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽ
ࡤ㸪
ࠕᬛࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖ
㸬㸧
ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ 21 ୡ⣖࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ඛ
㐍ᅜࡀᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚᮶ࡿᵝࠎ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡢ୰࡛㸪⮬ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗
ࢆ᭱ࡶຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆṇࡋࡃ㑅ᢥ
ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ࡑࡢ㑅ᢥࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚㞴ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬≉࡟ඹⓎ୺⩏
ࡢሙྜ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢᅜෆ࡛ࡣඃ⚽࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟
ᅋࡀ⫱ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢሙྜ࡟
ࡣࡑࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡣࡉࡽ࡟῝้࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟
20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢᮾす෭ᡓ୰ࡣ㸪ᨻ἞ⓗ㓄៖ࡀᙉࡃാࡁ㸪ࡑ
ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⤒῭ྜ⌮ᛶࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㐺ษ࡜ࡣゝ࠼
࡞࠸㑅ᢥࡀከࡃ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ༴㝤ᛶࡣ㸪௒᪥
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ඹⓎ୺⩏ࢆ᥇⏝
ࡍࡿⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶᅜෆ࡟ඃ⚽࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛ
ࢺ㞟ᅋࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟እᅜࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡢ
ᥦ᱌ࡍࡿⓎᒎᡓ␎ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ᥇⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ඃ⚽࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࢆḞ࠸ࡓ≧ែ࡛ࡑ
ࡢ㑅ᢥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ඹⓎ୺⩏࡟㛵ࡍࡿཎ⌮ⓗၥ㢟࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ
࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཎ⌮ⓗၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪⌧ᐇ
ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪20 ୡ⣖ᮎ௨㝆㸪ᩘከࡃࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀඹⓎ୺
⩏ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᛴ㏿࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆᡂຌࡉࡏ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᝟ሗ♫఍Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦໬ࡢ
⪃࠼᪉ࢆ⏝࠸࡚௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜࠺㸬෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦໬
࡜ ࡣ 㸪 ࣋ ࢵ ࢡ 㸪 ࢠ ࢹ ࣥ ࢫ 㸪 ࣛ ࢵ ࢩ ࣗ ࡀ
Beck=Giddens=Lash㹙1994㹛࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦໬ࡢᴫᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃ❧ࡕධࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㑊ࡅ
ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ࡣ㸪20 ୡ⣖ᮎ௨㝆ࡢୡ⏺
ࡀ෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦໬ࡢᒁ㠃࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡣ㸪௨ୗ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞♧၀ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ㸬
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡿከࡃࡢⓎᒎᡓ␎࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࡑࡢ୺せ࡞ෆᐜࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡝ࡇ
࠿ࡢᅜ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡶほᐹྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎᡓ␎
ࡢ㑅ᢥࢆ㸪ᴫࡡ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㸪ᅜෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ඃ⚽࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡢ
⫱ᡂࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸≧ែ࡛ࡶ㸪ࡉ࡯࡝ᅔ㞴࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
➨㸯࡟㸪ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓⓎᒎᡓ␎ࡢ୺せ࡞ෆᐜ㸦ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗ
ࣝ㸧ࢆᣠ࠸ฟࡍ㸬୺せ࡞ෆᐜࡣ㸯ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽࡎ㸪
」ᩘࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬
➨㸰࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡽࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡀ㐣ཤ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ౛ࢆ᥈
ࡋ㸪⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ᡂຌࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆุᐃࡍ
ࡿ㸬ኻᩋࡋࡓᐇ౛ࡀከ࠸ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ୰᰾࡟ᤣ࠼ࡿⓎᒎ
ᡓ␎ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛㑅ᢥ⫥࠿ࡽእࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
➨㸱࡟㸪ᡂຌࡋࡓᐇ౛ࡀከ࠸ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ୰᰾࡟ᤣ࠼
ࡿⓎᒎᡓ␎࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᡂຌࡢᐇ౛࡜⮬ᅜࡢ⌧≧࡜ࢆ
ẚ࡭㸪Ỵᐃⓗ࡞┦㐪ࡢ᭷↓ࢆุᐃࡍࡿ㸬⮬ᅜࡢ⌧≧࡜඲
ࡃ␗࡞ࡿ᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳᡂຌࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡣ㸪ៅ㔜࡞ᑐᛂࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪⮬ᅜࡢ⌧≧࡜ࡢ┦
㐪ࡀࡑࢀ࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃࡣ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢⓎᒎᡓ␎ࡣ⮬
ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ᡂຌࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ⵹↛ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡶࡢ
࡜ぢ࡚㸪᭷ຊ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
79
෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦໬ࡢᒁ㠃࡛ࡣ㸪➨㸰ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪
ཧ↷ࡍ࡭ࡁᐇ౛ࡀከᩘᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖ
ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆࡟ୖグࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡀ㸪෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦໬ࡢᒁ㠃࡛ࡣ㸪
ࠕኻ
ᩋᅜᐙࠖࢆྵࡴ㸪ᅜෆ࡟ඃ⚽࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡀ⫱
ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀඹⓎ୺⩏࡟ࡼࡾ㐺ษ࡟⤒῭
ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼
ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ୡ⏺ࡀ෌ᖐⓗ㏆௦໬ࡢᒁ㠃࡟ධࡿ๓ࡢ㏆௦໬ࡢᒁ㠃
㸦ὀ㸲㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᵝࠎ࡞Ⓨᒎᡓ
␎ࡀ⪃᱌ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㛫࡛㑅ᢥࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ㸪㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ
ࡶࡢࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚≉࡟㔜どࡉ
ࢀࡓࡢࡣ㸪⌮ㄽࡢᩚྜᛶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㐺ษ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆᡂຌ
ࡉࡏࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗㄝ᫂ࡀㄝᚓຊࢆᣢࡘࡶ
ࡢࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⌮ㄽⓗㄝ᫂ࡀㄝᚓຊࢆ
ᣢࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶ⌧ᐇ࡟㐺ษ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆࡶࡓࡽ
ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝࢆᚅࡓ࡞࠸㸬
3.
3.1.
ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢไᗘ㛫➇த
ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢ࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹࣝ
௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪☜࠿࡟බᩥಇᖹࡢᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪
20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙௨㝆㸪≉࡟ 21 ୡ⣖࡟ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢ
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀඹⓎ୺⩏ࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡍࡿⓎᒎᡓ␎࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㡰
ㄪ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪
ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢ୰࡟ࡶᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ㢮ᆺࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㛫࡛
ࡢไᗘ㛫➇த㸪ཬࡧⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ᥇⏝ࢆㄝᚓ
ࡍࡿ➇த㸦ࠕᬛࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖ
㸧ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
බᩥಇᖹࡀඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪21 ୡ⣖࡟
ධࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦බᩥಇᖹ㹙2004㹛㸬㸧㸬୍᪉㸪
ඹⓎ୺⩏ࢆୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪
ࠕᅽ⦰ࠖ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪Ⓨ
ᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ㸪⮬ᅜࡀ᥇⏝ࡍ࡭ࡁ୺せ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡢ⟇ᐃཬࡧᐇ
᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪እᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡢᙉ࠸࢖ࢽࢩ࢔
ࢸ࢕ࣈࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡜㸪࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡢᐇ౛ࡣ
20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶከࡃぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪
ᮾす෭ᡓ୰㸪ィ⏬⤒῭ไᗘࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚ࢯࣅ࢚ࢺ㐃㑥ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡢඹ⏘ඪဨࡓࡿ⾜ᨻᐁࢆ
⮬ᅜࡲࡓࡣᮾ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜ࡬␃Ꮫࡉࡏ࡚ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡢ
ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ⓗ࡞
ᨭ᥼ࡶ⾜࠺୍᪉㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡀ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ୺せ࡞ᨻ⟇ࢆࢯ
ࣅ࢚ࢺ㐃㑥ࡢඹ⏘ඪࡀ⟇ᐃࡋ㸪ࡲࡓᐇ᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࢯࣅ
࢚ࢺ㐃㑥ඹ⏘ඪ࠿ࡽࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜ࡬ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓ㢳ၥ➼ࡀ㔜
せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺࡜࠸࠺ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢⰍᙬࡢ⃰࠸ᙧែࡢᨭ᥼
ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⾜ࡗࡓ㸬
ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢඹⓎ୺⩏ࡣ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ
ែࢆ᥇ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ௦௒᪥࡟⮳
ࡿᮇ㛫࡟ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸰ࡘࡢ㢮ᆺࡢඹⓎ୺⩏ࡀࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ぢࡿ㸬
➨㸯ࡣ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺㖟⾜ཬࡧ IMF ࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚
௻⏬❧᱌ࡋ㸪⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎୡ⏺୰ࡢⓎᒎ㏵
ୖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ୍࡚ᵝ࡟᥎ዡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿඹⓎ୺⩏࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ
ෆᐜࡣ㸪ᮾす෭ᡓ⤊⤖┤๓ࡢ 1989 ᖺⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ࣡ࢩࣥ
ࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫ࡟኱ࡁࡃ౫ᣐࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬1989 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢ᝟ໃࡢኚ໬㸪ಶูࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ
ࡢ஦᝟➼ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡿෆᐜ࡟ࡣ┦ᛂࡢ
ᕪ␗ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪኱ᯟࡣ࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫ
ࡢෆᐜࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඹⓎ୺
⩏ࢆᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪
㸦ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢ㸧࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹࣝ࡜࿧
ࡪࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸦ὀ㸳㸧
㸬
80
前田充浩
ࡑࡢෆᐜࢆせ⣙ࡍࡿ࡜㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡣ㸪1989 ᖺ࡟⡿ᅜ㸦࣡ࢩࣥ
ࢺࣥ D.C.㸧ࡢᅜ㝿⤒῭◊✲ᡤࡀⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟
᥇⏝ࡉࡏࡿ࡭ࡁ୺せ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡢᰕ࡜ࡋ࡚ 10 㡯┠ࢆᣲࡆࡓ
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬10 㡯┠ࡣ㸪㈈ᨻ㉥Ꮠࡢ᫝ṇ㸪⿵ຓ㔠࢝ࢵࢺ
࡞࡝㈈ᨻᨭฟࡢኚ᭦㸪⛯ไᨵ㠉㸪㔠฼ࡢ⮬⏤໬㸪➇தຊ
࠶ࡿⅭ࣮᭰ࣞࢺࡢタᐃ㸪
㈠᫆ࡢ⮬⏤໬㸪
┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡢᣑ኱㸪
ᅜႠ௻ᴗࡢẸႠ໬㸪つไ⦆࿴㸪ཬࡧᡤ᭷ᶒἲࡢ☜❧࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬1989 ᖺ࡜࠸࠺᫬ᮇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮾす෭ᡓ⤊⤖ࡀ┠
๓࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬Ⅼ࡛㸪ඛ㐍ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡬ࡢᨻ⟇ࡢ
ᥦ᱌࡜࠸࠺㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮾす෭ᡓᚋࡢୡ⏺ࡢ⛛ᗎࢆ♧ࡑ
࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡑࡢ୺ᙇࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ㸪ᚭᗏࡋࡓᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽ
ࢬ࣒ࡢ㔜ど㸪ᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡬ࡢ௓ධࡢ᤼㝖
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ㸪ᮧୖὈுࡢᩚ⌮࡟ࡼࡿ
㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢᴫᛕ࡜ᑐ↷ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᩚ⌮࡛ࡣ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏
ࡣ㸪㛗ᮇⓗ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽᨻᗓࡀᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒
࡟௓ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⫯ᐃࡍࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ὀ
㸴㸧
㸬
୍᪉㸪ࡇࡢ࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀせồࡍࡿࡼ࠺
࡞ไᗘᵓ⠏ࡀ᏶஢ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡲࡎ⪃࠼㞴ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ไᗘᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᩘከࡃࡢ㞀ᐖࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥ
ࢧࢫ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᨻ⟇ࢆⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ᥇⏝ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ᨻ
⟇ࡢ⟇ᐃཬࡧࡑࡢᐇ᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪┦ᙜ⛬ᗘᙉຊ࡟ᅜ㝿ᶵ
㛵➼ࡢ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࢆᐜㄆࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢሙྜ
࡟ࡣ㸪ᅜෆ࡟ඃ⚽࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࢆ⫱ᡂࡋࡼ࠺࡜
࠸࠺ືᅉࡼࡾࡶ㸪ᨻ⟇ࡢ⟇ᐃཬࡧࡑࡢᐇ᪋ࡢ୧㠃࡟࠾࠸
࡚㸪ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼࡬ࡢ౫Ꮡࢆᙉࡵࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ືᅉࡢ᪉ࡀᙉ
ࡃാࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ィ⏬⤒῭ไᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢦ
ࢫࣉࣛࣥࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒㦂ୖ㸪ᅜෆ࡟┦ᙜࡢ⬟ຊࢆᣢ
ࡗࡓࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᙼ㸦ዪ㸧
㐩࡟㸪ᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆᚭᗏⓗ࡟㔜どࡋࡓᨻ⟇ࢆ⟇ᐃ㸪
ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆせồࡋ࡚ࡶ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸㸬ࡇ
ࡢࡓࡵ㸪1990 ᖺ௦๓༙࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜➼ࡣከࡃࡢ
⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕฎ᪉⟢ࠖࢆ⟇ᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖ
ᅜ࡬ࡣ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅➼ࡀ⤒῭㢳ၥ࡜ࡋ࡚ከࡃὴ㐵ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ
ࠕฎ᪉⟢ࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᨻ⟇ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪ᛴ⃭࡞ᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ
࣒ࡢᑟධࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ㸬
ࠕࢩࣙࢵࢡ⒪ἲࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࢆḞࡃሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡲ
ࡎࡣᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢไᗘᩚഛࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲ
ࡓࡑࡢไᗘᩚഛ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ
ᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ௓ධࢆ᤼㝖ࡋࡓᙧ࡛㐠Ⴀࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࢸࢡࣀࢡ
࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋ࡟ᮇᚅࡍࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡿ㸬
࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ᨻ⟇ࡢ⟇ᐃཬࡧ
ᐇ᪋ࡢ୧㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡢ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࢆ┦ᙜ
ᙉຊ࡟ㄆࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ḟࡢ஦ᐇ
ࡀ ド ᕥ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 1990 ᖺ ௦ ึ 㢌 ࡢ CDF
㸦Comprehensive Development Framework㸧ࡢᥦၐࢆ
⓶ษࡾ࡟㸪1990 ᖺ௦௨㝆௒᪥࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡣ㸪
⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛤Ⓨ᥼ຓཷྲྀᅜ㸦Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ㸧ࡢ࣮࢜
ࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ㸦ownership㸧ࢆᙉㄪࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Ⓨᒎ㏵
ୖᅜࡀᐇ㝿࡟㡰ㄪ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ᅜ
㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡢ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡟ጤࡡࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᅜෆ
࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟ᚲせ࡞ᵝࠎ࡞ไᗘ㸦ࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣඃ
⚽࡞ࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡢ⫱ᡂࡶྵࡲࢀࡿ㸧ࢆᩚഛࡋ㸪
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜᅜẸࡀ㸪⮬ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢᡂྰࢆࠕ⮬ศࡢၥ
㢟㸦ownership㸧
ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせࡔ㸪࡜࠸࠺
୺ᙇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
⿬ࢆ㏉ࡏࡤ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜➼ࡀⳘ኱࡞ࢥࢫࢺࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚㛤Ⓨ
᥼ຓࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶ඲࡚ࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣࡑ
ࡢ㛤Ⓨ᥼ຓࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ⮬ᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢᡂྰࢆࠕ⮬ศࡢ
ၥ㢟ࠖ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬㛤Ⓨ᥼
ຓࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ᨻ⟇ࡣ㸪ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵➼ࡀ຾ᡭ࡟ࡸࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿ ASEAN ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜➼ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡣྛᅜࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ཬࡧ
ከࡃࡢ㔜せ࡞ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ࣐ࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࣉࣛࣥࢆ⟇ᐃࡋ㸪
ࣇ࢕࣮ࢪࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣭ࢫࢱࢹ࢕➼ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪஦ົᡤࢆྛᅜ
࡟タ⨨ࡋ㸪ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇ᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆಖᣢࡋ
ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ASEAN ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪࣡ࢩ
ࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹࣝࡢඹⓎ୺⩏ࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡣ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬
ඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝ
ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪21 ୡ⣖ࡢ ASEAN ࡢ⛣⾜⤒
῭ᅪㅖᅜࡢ㡰ㄪ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓⓎᒎᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚㸪
࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿඹⓎ୺⩏ࢆᣲࡆࡿ㸬ࡑࢀ
ࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢㅖᅜࢆ㊬ࡿᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟ཧධࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᨻ⟇ࡢ᰿ᖿ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡓඹⓎ୺⩏࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⮬ᅜࢆྵࡴ」ᩘࡢㅖᅜࢆ㊬ࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᆅᇦⓗ
⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪እᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ
㝿ᶵ㛵࠿ࡽᣦ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᨻ⟇ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᐇ᪋ࡍ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪እᅜᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵
࠿ࡽࡢᣦ♧ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚ඹⓎ୺⩏࡛࠶
ࡾ㸪୍᪉࡛㸪෇⁥࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᩚഛࢆ୰
᰾࡜ࡍࡿ㸪ᙜヱⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ୍ᅜෆࡢไᗘᵓ⠏࡟ὀຊࡍ
ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࠶ࡃࡲ࡛㏆㞄ㅖᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡢᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘
ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ᭱ඃඛࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚࣡
ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹࣝ࡜␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣᴟ
ㄽࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᅜෆࡢไᗘᵓ⠏ࡣᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ
ᵓ⠏࡟ᨭ㞀ࡀฟ࡞࠸Ỉ‽ࡢࡶࡢࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࢀࡤࡑࢀ࡛㊊ࡾ
ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ASEAN ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪21 ୡ⣖ࡢ௒᪥
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡢᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿไᗘᵓ⠏㸪≉࡟
ᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᩚഛ㛵㐃ࡢไᗘᵓ⠏ࡀୡ⏺ࡢ௚ࡢⓎᒎ
㏵ୖᅜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚≉➹ࡍ࡭ࡁ㐍ᒎࢆぢࡏࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸㸬
୍᪉࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡣ ASEAN ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨᒎࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ≉ู࡞
ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟῝ࡃ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑ
ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡢ㡰ㄪ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ㔜
せ࡞せᅉ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ
࡟ཧධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᭱㔜せㄢ㢟࡜ࡍࡿ᪉ྥ࡛ࡢඹⓎ୺⩏ⓗ
࡞ᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀຌࢆዌࡋࡓ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ࡲࡎࡣ㸪21 ୡ⣖ࡢ ASEAN ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≉ู࡞ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘
ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚ࡳࡿ㸬
ASEAN ࡟ ௜ ⨨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ᶵ 㛵 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ERIA
㸦Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East
Asia㸧ࡣ㸪2010 ᖺ࡟㸪2015 ᖺࡢ ASEAN ⤫ྜ࡬ྥࡅࡓ
ASEAN ඲ᇦࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ᨻ⟇࡟㛵ࡍࡿᥦゝ᭩ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ
㸦ERIA㹙2010㹛
㸧
㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣෑ㢌㸦Chapter 1. Conceptual
Framework p1-p12㸧
㸪⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࢆྵࡵࡓ ASEAN
඲ᇦࡢ 20 ୡ⣖ᮎ௨㝆ࡢ㡰ㄪ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪
〇㐀ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ୡ⏺ྐୖ௚࡟㢮౛ࢆぢ࡞࠸㸪ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔
≉᭷ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᣲࡆ㸪ࡑࡢෆᐜ
ࢆ fragmentation and agglomeration ࡜࠸࠺ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝᩚ
⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ࡑࡢᩚ⌮ࢆせ⣙ࡍࡿ࡜㸪
௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔≉᭷ࡢ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࡣ㸪Baldwin ࢆጞ
ラスト・モダンにおける近代化の「圧縮」戦略（発展戦略） 開発主義と二つの共発主義
ࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࢭ࢝ࣥࢻ࣭࢔ࣥࣂ
ࣥࢻࣜࣥࢢ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣇ࢓࣮ࢫࢺ࣭࢔ࣥࣂ
ࣥࢻࣜࣥࢢࡣ 1960-1970 ᖺ௦࡟ᮏ᱁໬ࡋࡓከᅜ⡠௻ᴗ
ࡢືࡁࢆᣦࡍ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪௻ᴗ࡜㸪ฟ⮬ࡢᅜ㸦ඛ㐍ᅜ㸧
࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࢔ࣥࣂࣥࢻࣝࡉࢀ㸪ඛ㐍ᅜ࡟ᮏ♫ࢆ⨨ࡃከᅜ
⡠௻ᴗࡣ㸪⏕⏘ࢥࢫࢺࡢᏳ࠸Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟⌧ᆅἲேࢆస
ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ⌧ᆅἲேࡀ⏕⏘ࡢ኱㒊ศࢆᢸ࠺࡜
࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪௻ᴗ⮬యࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᡤᅾᆅ࡟㛵
ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ከࡃࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ᮰ࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ
⤖ᯝ㸪ᮏ♫ᶵ⬟㸪◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛㸪㧗ᗘ࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆせࡍࡿ㒊
㛛➼ࡀඛ㐍ᅜ࡟❧ᆅࡋ㸪ປാ㞟⣙㒊㛛➼ࡀⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟
❧ᆅࡍࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢሙྜ㸪❧ᆅࡍࡿⓎᒎ
㏵ୖᅜࡢᩘࡣ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗᑡᩘ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
୍᪉ࢭ࢝ࣥࢻ࣭࢔ࣥࣂࣥࢻࣜࣥࢢ࡜ࡣ㸪௻ᴗࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ
ከᵝ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡀࡑࡢ≉ᛶ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᩘከࡃࡢ⏕⏘ࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡟
ศゎࡉࢀ㸦fragmentation㸧
㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭱㐺࡞⏕
⏘ᆅⅬ࡟❧ᆅࡋ㸪┦஫࡟᥋⥆㸦ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࣜࣥࢡ㸧ࡉࢀ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ≉ᛶ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㐺ษ࡞⏕⏘ࣈࣟࢵࢡࢆㄏ⮴ࡍ
ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ඛ㐍ᅜࡔ࠿ࡽ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡔ࠿ࡽ
ປാ㞟⣙㒊㛛㸪࡜࠸࠺༢⣧࡞ศ㢮ࡣⓗࢆᚓࡎ㸪」㞧࡞⏕
⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟┤
᥋ᢞ㈨ࡀ௻ᴗ༢఩࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⏕⏘ࣈࣟࢵࢡ༢఩࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢ࠶ࡿᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢ
௻ᴗࡢྠᵝࡢ≉㉁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⏕⏘ࣈࣟࢵࢡࡢ㞟✚
㸦agglomeration㸧ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬௻ᴗࡢ⏕⏘㒊
㛛ࡀ⏕⏘ࣈࣟࢵࢡ༢఩࡟ศゎࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ᭱㐺࡞⏕
⏘ᆅⅬ࡟❧ᆅࡋ㸪⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞௻ᴗࡢྠᵝ࡞⏕⏘ࣈ
ࣟࢵࢡࡀ㞟✚ࡍࡿᆅࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ
fragmentation and agglomeration ࣔࢹࣝࡢせⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗ᗘ࡛」㞧࡞ศᴗᵓ㐀ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪
≀ὶࢆ୰᰾࡜ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࣜࣥࢡ㸦ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸧ࡀ
Ὑ⦎ࡉࢀࡓᙧ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢭ࢝ࣥࢻ࣭࢔ࣥࣂࣥࢻࣜࣥࢢᆺࡢ⏕⏘ࢿࢵ
ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣ㸪20 ୡ⣖ᮎ௨㝆ࡢ ASEAN ࡢᆅ࡟࠾࠸࡚඾ᆺ
ⓗ࡟ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗ᗘ࡞ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣ㸪ከศ࡟
ከࡃࡢ௻ᴗάືࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬⏕ⓗ࡟ᡂ❧ࡋ
ࡓ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬୍᪉࡛㸪⮬ࡽࡢᆅ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡘࡘ࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡀᇦෆࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟Ỵᐃⓗ࡞ᙺ๭
ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ
ASEAN ཬࡧ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᅜᨻᗓࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ୍ᒙࡢⓎᒎ㸪άᛶ
໬ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ྛ✀ࡢᨻ⟇ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋ㸪ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
௻ᴗάື࡜㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓཬࡧᨻᗓࡢᨻ⟇ࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡀ┦ಗࡗ
࡚㸪ࡇࡢᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣ୍ᒙⓎᒎ㸪άᛶ໬ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬᝟ሗ♫఍Ꮫ࡛ゝ࠺㸪ᅜẸᅜᐙ㸦ࡇࡢ
ሙྜࡣᆅᇦᶵᵓࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡢάື࡜⏘ᴗ௻ᴗࡢάືࡢ㔜␚
ࡢ୍౛࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆྵࡵࡓᇦෆࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏ࢆ㸪
ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡛ࡣࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࡜࿧ࡧ㸪2015
ᖺࡢ ASEAN ⤫ྜࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡢ୰᰾ᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸬
⌧ ᅾ ASEAN ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 እ ┦ ⣭ ࡢ ACCC 㸦 ASEAN
Connectivity Coordinating Council㸧ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ㸪ẖᖺ
఍ྜࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࢆ㸪≀⌮
ⓗ㸦Physical㸧ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕㸪ไᗘⓗ㸦Institutional㸧
ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ཬࡧேⓗ㸦People-to-People㸧ࢥࢿࢡ
ࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࡢ㸱ࡘ࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 2015 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᐇ
81
⌧┠ᶆࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࡣ㸪࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᅜࢆそ࠺ࡶࡢ࡜
࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡣ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ⛣
⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࡟ཧຍࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồࡵࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡢᅜᅵࡢୖ࡟㐨
㊰➼≀⌮ⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࢆᘬࡁ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡀࡉࡲ
ࡊࡲ࡞ไᗘࢆ ASEAN ࡢไᗘⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࡟༶ࡋ
ࡓࡶࡢ࡟ኚ᭦㸪ᩚഛࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜࡢᅜẸ࡜௚ࡢ ASEAN
࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᅜࡢᅜẸ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡢேⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࢆ᥎
㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝࡢඹⓎ୺⩏࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡿࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆᇶᮏⓗ࡟ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ
ࡓࡲࡲࡢᙧ࡛᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࡜㸪ඖࠎࡢ
ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࡣ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓࡀ⟇ᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓᐇ᪋࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᆅᇦᶵᵓࡢᙉ࠸ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࢆ
ཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽඹⓎ୺⩏࡜ゝ࠼㸪ࡲࡓࡇࢀࡽ㸱ᒙࡢࢥࢿ
ࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࡢ᥎㐍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜヱ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡀ
༢⊂࡛࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓෆᐜࡢไ
ᗘᩚഛࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶᙉࡃࡣព㆑ࡉࢀࡎ㸪ᆅᇦ
ⓗ࡞ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀඃඛࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ
࡟࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹࣝ࡜␗࡞ࡿ㸬
3.2.
2 ࡘࡢඹⓎ୺⩏
ࡇࢀࡽ㸰ࡘࡢඹⓎ୺⩏ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㸪௨ୗࡢⅬࢆᣦ᦬
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
୧⪅࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪⮬ᅜࡢᢞ㈨⎔ቃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ
ྥୖࡉࡏ㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࢆᣍࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⤒῭ᡂ
㛗ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟౫ᣐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡢቑ኱ࡀⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ㸦⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ㸧ࡢ
⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ≌ᘬࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㸪㏆ᖺࡢ㛤Ⓨ⤒῭Ꮫ
ࡢศᯒࡢ㊅ໃ࡜➢ྜࡍࡿ㸬
㐪࠸ࡣ㸪⮬ᅜࡢᢞ㈨⎔ቃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ᪉
ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫ
࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓෆᐜࡢไᗘᩚഛࢆ㐍ࡵ㸪ᅜෆ࡛ᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽ
ࢬ࣒ࡀ෇⁥࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿయไࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬ᅜࡢᢞ㈨⎔
ቃࡢ㨩ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࢆᣍࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ㸪༢⊂࡛ᢞ㈨⎔ቃࢆᩚ
ഛࡋ㸪༢⊂࡛ᢞ㈨ඛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆⓎಙࡋ㸪ᢞ㈨ࢆ࿧ࡧ
㎸ࡴດຊࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬
┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡢཷࡅධࢀಁ㐍ࡣ㸪࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧ
ࢫࡢ 10 ಶࡢᨻ⟇ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛ㅻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᢞ㈨⎔ቃࡢᩚ
ഛࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ᢞ㈨ࡍࡿእᅜ௻ᴗࡀ⤒῭άືࢆ⾜࠸᫆࠸
ࡼ࠺࡟㸪እᅜᢞ㈨ἲࢆྵࡴ⤒῭㛵ಀࡢἲᚊࡀᩚഛࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥ
ࢧࢫ࡛ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᨻ⟇㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㈈ᨻ㉥Ꮠࡢ᫝ṇ㸪
⿵ຓ㔠࢝ࢵࢺ࡞࡝㈈ᨻᨭฟࡢኚ᭦㸪⛯ไᨵ㠉㸪㔠฼ࡢ⮬
⏤໬㸪➇தຊ࠶ࡿⅭ࣮᭰ࣞࢺࡢタᐃ㸪㈠᫆ࡢ⮬⏤໬㸪ᅜ
Ⴀ௻ᴗࡢẸႠ໬㸪つไ⦆࿴㸪ཬࡧᡤ᭷ᶒἲࡢ☜❧ࢆ᥎㐍
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࡲࡓ㸪ᙜヱⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢᢞ㈨⎔ቃࡢ㨩ຊࢆྥ
ୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟⧅ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ࡲࡓⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ㸪༢⊂࡛ᅜෆࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢᩚഛࡶ㐍ࡵ
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬㈨㔠ࡀ୙㊊ࡍࡿሙྜ㸦ࡇࡢሙྜࡀ୍
⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
㸧࡟ࡣ㸪ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ཬࡧඛ㐍ᅜࡢ㛤
Ⓨ᥼ຓ㈨㔠ࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽไᗘ㠃ཬࡧ࢖ࣥࣇࣛ㠃࡛ᢞ㈨⎔
ቃᩚഛࢆ㐍ࡵ㸪ᢞ㈨ඛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌ
ࡋࡓᬡ࡟ࡣእᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡀቑ኱ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
㡰ㄪ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡀᡂຌࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
82
前田充浩
୍᪉ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪
࠶ࡿᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪
ᇦෆࢆそ࠺㧗ᗘ࡞ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡘࡘ
࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢᆅᇦࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿᆅᇦᶵᵓࡀࡑࡢⓎᒎ㸪
άᛶ໬ࡢࡓࡵࡢྛ⯡ࡢᨻ⟇㸦ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇㸧ࢆ
᥇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ࡇࡢᆅᇦᶵᵓ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ
ᆅᇦᶵᵓࡀ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᅜࡢࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚⟇ᐃࡋࡓࢥ
ࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆ㐺ษ࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࡀᙜヱ
Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢᢞ㈨⎔ቃࡢ㨩ຊࢆ኱ࡁࡃྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜㸪㏆ᮍ᮶࡟࠾࠸࡚ᙜヱⓎᒎ㏵
ୖᅜࡀࡑࡢᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ୰࡛┦ᛂࡢᆅ఩ࢆ
༨ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ண ࡀ㸪ᙜヱⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢᢞ㈨
⎔ቃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟┦ᙜ㔞ࡢ┤᥋
ᢞ㈨ࡀὶධࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟㸪࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥ
ࢧࢫ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡢไᗘᵓ⠏㸪ᩚഛ࡟ࡵ࡝ࡀ❧
ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡢࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝ
ࡢሙྜ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ไᗘᵓ⠏㸪ᩚഛࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸
࡞࠸ẁ㝵࡛ࡶⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ࡟┦ᙜࡢ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡀὶධࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿ㸬ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᙜヱⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜෆࡢㅖ㒔ᕷࡣ㸪ࢭ࢝ࣥࢻ࣭࢔ࣥ
ࣂࣥࢻࣜࣥࢢᆺࡢᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏕⏘
ࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢ㸯ࡘࡢ❧ᆅೃ⿵࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡑࢀࡽㅖ㒔ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿไᗘᵓ⠏㸪ᩚഛࡀ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜
ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏕⏘ࣘࢽࢵࢺ
ࡢ୰࡟ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㧗ᗘ࡞ไᗘᵓ⠏㸪ᩚഛࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸
࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛ࡑࢀࡽㅖ㒔ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏳ౯࡞ே
௳㈝㸪ປാ⪅ࡢ≉ᛶ㸪≀⌮ⓗ࡞఩⨨➼ఱࡽ࠿ࡢせᅉࡀ฼
Ⅼ࡜ホ౯ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ⏕⏘ࣘࢽࢵࢺࡀ
❧ᆅࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ἲᚊࡢᮍᩚഛࡀ㸪つไࡢ㠀Ꮡᅾ࡜
ࡋ࡚฼Ⅼ࡜ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖ
ᅜࡣ㸪༢⊂࡛ᅜෆࡢไᗘᵓ⠏㸪ᩚഛࢆ᏶஢ࡉࡏࡿࡼࡾࡶ
᪩࠸ẁ㝵࡛ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟ཧຍࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ
┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡢᣑ኱ࢆ⏕ࡳ㸪㡰ㄪ࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟㸪
ᕷሙ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ෇⁥࡞ᶵ⬟࡟㛵ࡍࡿไᗘᵓ⠏㸪
ᩚഛ࡟᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣᴟࡵ࡚᭷ຠ࡞
Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟
ࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ㧗ᗘ࡞ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟ᆅ⌮
ⓗ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㏆᥋ࡍࡿ఩⨨࡟࠶ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘࡑࡢᆅᇦ
ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿᆅᇦᶵᵓࡀ㐺ษ࡞ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆ
᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᮲௳࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௬࡟ࡑࡢࡼ
࠺࡞౛ࡀ ASEAN ࡟ࡋ࠿ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࢥࢿࢡ
ࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝࡣ ASEAN ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ
ࡳ᥇⏝ྍ⬟࡞Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍⯡໬ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ASEAN ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵ
ࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡯࡝࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞Ⓨᒎࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪
௚ࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣ
ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ㸪Ⓨᒎࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㏆࠸ᑗ᮶࡟ࡣࢭ
࢝ࣥࢻ࣭࢔ࣥࣂࣥࢻࣜࣥࢢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡶฟࡘ
ࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶ㸪༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࢆ୰᰾࡜ࡍࡿ༡㒊࢔ࣇ࡛ࣜ࢝ࡑࡢືࡁ
ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜
㸦Development Bank of South Africa㸧ࡣ㸪༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝
࡜࿘㎶ᅜࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓ≀⌮ⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ከࡃࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ㸪᥎㐍ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᆅ
ᇦࢆそ࠺ᆅᇦᶵᵓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝㛤Ⓨ㖟⾜⮬㌟ࡀ
ࡑࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ 2001 ᖺ࡟タ❧ࡉ
ࢀ ࡓ NEPAD 㸦 The New Partnership for Africa's
Development㸧༡㒊ጤဨ఍㸦ὀ㸵㸧ࡀࡑࡢ௵࡟ᙜࡓࡿࡇ
࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ྠᵝࡢືࡁࡣ㸪୰ኸ࢔ࢪ࢔㸪ࣛࢸ࣭ࣥ
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㸪༡࢔ࢪ࢔㸪ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ➼࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶぢࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪௒ᚋ㸪ASEAN ௨እࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝࡢᐇ᪋౛ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
4.
4.1.
ASEAN ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇
Ṕྐⓗ⤒⦋
ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡣ㸪ᇦෆࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࢆ✚ᴟ
ⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡍࡿࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆ᫂☜࡟᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿᆅᇦᶵᵓ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ
࢕ᨻ⟇ࡢṔྐⓗ⤒⦋ࢆᴫほࡍࡿ࡜㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡣ㸪1967 ᖺ࡟タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬タ❧ᙜ
ึࡣ㸪
ᮾす෭ᡓ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡢすഃ㝕Ⴀࡢ⤖᮰㸪
ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ⊂❧㸦1965 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 9 ᪥㸧ࢆᕠࡿ࣐ࣞ࢖ࢩ
࢔࡜࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔࡜ࡢᑐ❧⦆࿴➼ࡢᨻ἞ၥ㢟ࡢㄪᩚࡀ୰
ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬1970 ᖺ௦๓༙࡟ࡣ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᡓத㸪ࡑࢀ௨㝆
1980 ᖺ௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ࢖ࣥࢻࢩࢼ࿴ᖹၥ㢟࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡀ࠶
ࡾ㸪ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᨻ἞ၥ㢟ࡢㄪᩚࡀ㔜せㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
୍᪉࢖ࣥࢻࢩࢼ࿴ᖹࡀど㔝࡟ධࡾ㸪࠿ࡘ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᅜࡢ
⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡀ㡰ㄪ࡟㐍ࢇࡔ 1980 ᖺ௦⤊ࢃࡾ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪⤒῭
ၥ㢟ࡢㄪᩚࡶ୺せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪እ┦఍ྜ࡟
ຍ࠼㸪ᐃᮇ㛶൉⣭༠㆟ࡢሙ࡛࠶ࡿ⤒῭㛶൉఍ྜ㸦AEM㸸
ASEAN Economic Ministers㸧ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭱ึࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ
⟇ࡣ㸪ASEAN ᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕷሙ⤫ྜࡢ᥎㐍ࢆၐ࠼ࡓ
1992 ᖺࡢ AFTA㸦ASEAN Free Trade Area㸧ࡢⓎ⾲࡟
ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ᕷሙ⤫ྜࡢ᥎㐍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
ࡑࡢᚋ㸪
1997 ᖺ࡟ ASEAN Vision2020 ࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀ㸪1998 ᖺ࡟ࡣ
HPA㸦Hanoi Plan of Action㸧ࡀ㸪2003 ᖺ࡟ࡣ Bali
Concord II ࡀ㸪2004 ᖺ࡟ࡣ VAP㸦Vientiane Action
Programme㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ㸬
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪2007 ᖺ࡟ࡣ ASEAN Economic Community
Blueprint ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀ㸪௨㝆ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡣ㸪2015
ᖺࡢ⤫ྜ㸦ASEAN Community 2015㸧࡬ྥࡅ࡚㸪ᡤせ
ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ㐍ࡳ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬2008 ᖺ࡟ࡣ ASEAN ᠇❶
ࡀⓎຠࡋ㸪2009 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 2009 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2015 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟᥎㐍
ࡍ ࡭ ࡁ ᨻ ⟇ ࢆ ᐃ ࡵ ࡓ Roadmap for an ASEAN
Community ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ㸬2010 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㸪MPAC㸦Master
Plan on ASEAN Connectivity㸧ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᇶ
ᮏⓗ࡟ࡣࡇࡢᐇ᪋㸦implementation㸧࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ྛ✀ࡢ
ᨻ⟇ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
MPAC ࡢ♧ࡋࡓᯟ⤌࡛ࡣ㸪ASEAN ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕
ࡣ㸪
≀⌮ⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕㸪
ไᗘⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕㸪
ཬࡧேⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࡢ㸱ࡘࡢᒙ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐍ࡵࡽ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
MPAC ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ 2010 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2012 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ㐍ᤖ
≧ ἣ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ASEAN ஦ ົ ᒁ 㸦 Lim Chze Cheen,
Assistant Director and Head of ASEAN Connectivity
Division㸧ࡀ➨㸱ᅇ ASEAN ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥ
ࢪ࣒࢘㸦2012 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸪ࣉࣀࣥ࣌ࣥ㸧࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ࡜
ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
≀⌮ⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ASEAN ࣁ࢖࢘
࢙࢖࣭ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ᝿㸪ASEAN 㟁ຊࢢࣜࢵࢻᵓ᝿➼
ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ไᗘⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
ASEAN Framework Agreement on Facilitation of
ラスト・モダンにおける近代化の「圧縮」戦略（発展戦略） 開発主義と二つの共発主義
Goods in Transit㸦AFAFGIT㸧
㸪ASEAN Single Aviation
Market 㸦 ASAM 㸧 㸪 ASEAN Single Shipping
Market(ASSM)㸪National Single Windows㸦NSWs㸧
➼ࡢᨻ⟇ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ேⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ASEAN Virtual Learning Resource Centre ࡢ
タ❧㸪ࣅࢨไ㝈ࡢ⦆࿴㸪ධ⟶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ASEAN ࣮ࣞࣥࡢ
タ⨨㸪ASEAN ᇦෆࡢほග⏘ᴗࡢ᣺⯆➼ࡢᨻ⟇ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡢ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ㒊ศⓗᆅᇦ
ᶵ ᵓ 㸪 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ IMT-GT 㸦 Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand-Growth Triangle㸧
㸪GMS㸦Greater Mekong
Sub-Region 㸧 ཬ ࡧ
BIMP-EAGA 㸦 Brunei
Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines
East
ASEAN Growth Area㸧ࡶ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ඲యࡢࢥ
ࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇࡜ᩚྜᛶࢆྲྀࡿᙧ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢥࢿ
ࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ࠕࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ
⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ௨እࡢ୺యࡀࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖
ࢬࡉࢀࡓᙧ࡛ࡇࡢᆅᇦࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢥࢿࢡࢸ
࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡽከࡃࡢᨻ⟇ࡀ㔜␚
ⓗ࡟࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪┦஌ຠᯝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃
࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢥࢿࢡࢸ
࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖ࢬࡉࢀࡓᙧ࡛⿵᏶ࡍࡿ୺య࡜
ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㛶൉⣭ࡢ ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫᆺᶵᵓ㸪ࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ
ཬࡧ௚ࡢᅜ㝿⤌⧊ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬௨ୗ㸪㡰࡟ぢ
࡚࠸ࡃ㸬ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ᪉ἲ
$6($1 ࣉࣛࢫᆺᶵᵓ㸦㛶൉⣭㸧
➨㸯ࡣ㸪ASEAN ࡟௚ࡢᅜࡀຍࢃࡗࡓ㸪ASEAN ࣉࣛ
ࢫᆺࡢᶵᵓ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ㛶൉⣭࡛ከࡃࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ
࢛࣮࣒ࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫ㸯㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ASEAN ࡜ᇦእᅜ㸯ࡘ࡛ᵓ
ᡂࡉࢀࡿᶵᵓࡣ㸪⤒῭┦ཬࡧእ┦⣭࡛ ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫ᪥
ᮏ㸪ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫ୰ᅜ㸪ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫ⡿ᅜ➼ࡀタ❧
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫ㸱㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ASEAN ࡜᪥୰㡑ࡢᶵᵓ
ࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㛶൉ࡢࡶࡢࡀከᩘᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ㸪άⓎ࡞άື
ࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫ㸱ࡢ㈈ົ኱⮧఍ྜ
ࡣ㸪2000 ᖺ࡟࢔ࢪ࢔മๆᕷሙ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕ࣈࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ㸪
⥭ᛴ᫬ࡢእ㈌⼥㏻ࡢᯟ⤌࡛࠶ࡿࢳ࢙࣐ࣥ࢖࣭࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ
࢕ࣈࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪ᗄከࡢᡂᯝࢆ⏕ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬
ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫ㸴㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ASEAN ࡜᪥୰㡑㸪࢖ࣥ
ࢻ㸪࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ཬࡧࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ
࢛࣮࣒࡛ࡣ㸪FTA ➼ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ⌧ᅾ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ
ASEAN ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆ⿵᏶ࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓ
ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬඾ᆺࡣ㸪⤒῭┦⣭
ࡢ ASEAN ࣉࣛࢫ᪥ᮏࡢᶵᵓ࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ ASEAN ⤒῭㛶൉
఍ྜ㸦AEM-METI㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ 1993 ᖺ࡟㛤ጞࡉࢀ㸪
ᖺ࡟㸯ᅇ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ASEAN ⤒῭㛶൉఍ྜ
㸦AEM㸸ASEAN Economic Ministers㸧࡜᪥ᮏࡢ⤒῭⏘
ᴗ኱⮧㸦⤌⧊ኚ᭦ࡲ࡛ࡣ㏻ၟ⏘ᴗ኱⮧㸬
㸧ࡢ఍ྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡇࡢᶵᵓࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ௦༙ࡤ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
᪥ᮏࡀ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜࠸࠺Ⓨᒎᡓ␎ࢆ ASEAN ࡢ⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪ
ㅖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮
࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᪥ᮏ࡟ࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢᥦ᱌ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢ⤒⦋࡟
ࡼ࠺࡟ 21 ୡ⣖࡟ධࡿ㡭࡟ࡣ஦ᐇୖ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡶ
ࡢ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺ
83
ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡀ㸪᪥ᮏ࡟ࡼࡿᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕
ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࡢ⿵᏶ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ
➨㸰ࡣ㸪ࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ㸪≉࡟ ASEAN ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡟
≉໬ࡋࡓ㸪ᨻ⟇ᥦゝ୰ᚰࡢࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ௦
⾲ ࡣ 㸪 2008 ᖺ ࡟ タ ❧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᅜ 㝿 ᶵ 㛵 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ERIA
㸦Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East
Asia㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ඛ࡟ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ ERIA ࡣ㸪geographycal simulation
model ศᯒ࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡟㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 㸪
ASEAN ᇦෆࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࢖ࣥࣇࣛᵓ᝿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀ
ࡽࡀ ASEAN ᇦෆࡢྛᆅᇦ㸦┴༢఩㸧࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍ⤒῭ᡂ
㛗ண ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࢀࢆࠕ࢔ࢪ࢔⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨィ⏬㸦CADP㸸
Comprehensive Asia Development Plan㸧
ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࡜ࡾ
ࡲ࡜ࡵ㸪2010 ᖺ 10 ᭶࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ㸬⌧ᅾ ASEAN ࡣ㸪ࢥ
ࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇ࢆࠕASEAN ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭࣐
ࢫ ࢱ ࣮ ࣉ ࣛ ࣥ 㸦 MPAC 㸸 Master Plan on ASEAN
Connectivity㸧ࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪CADP
ࡣࡑࡢ⌮ㄽⓗᇶ♏ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
௚ࡢᅜ㝿⤌⧊
➨㸱ࡣ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ௨እࡢᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵㸭ᅜ㝿⤌⧊
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ඾ᆺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪2011 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟タ❧ࡉ
ࢀࡓ APEN㸦Asia Professional Education Network㸧ࢆ
᥇ࡾୖࡆࡿ㸬
APEN ࡣ㸪࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗ᗘ⏘ᴗேᮦ⫱ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢ
≉ู࡞ᩍ⫱᪉ἲ㸦Project Based Learning㸸PBL㸧ࡢⓎ
ᒎཬࡧᬑཬ㸪ཬࡧࡑࢀࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ≉ู࡞௙⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ㧗
ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦HiPES㸸Higher
Professional Education System ࡲࡓࡣ Multiversity㸧
ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸪Ⓨᒎ㸪ᬑཬ➼ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ
኱Ꮫ㸭◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ
APEN ࡢάືࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕
ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇࡜㐃ືࡋ㸪┦஌ຠᯝࢆ⏕ࡳࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶
ࡿ㸬
▼ᓥ㎮ኴ㑻 APEN ఍㛗ࡀୖグ ASEAN ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅ
ࢸ࢕࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘㸦2012 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸪ࣉࣀࣥ࣌ࣥ㸧
࡛㏙࡭ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪APEN ࡢάືࡢ㔜せ࡞┠ⓗࡢ
㸯ࡘࡣ㸪࢔ࢪ࢔㸪≉࡟ ASEAN ඲ᇦࢆそ࠺⏕⏘ࣘࢽࢵࢺ
ࡢඹ㏻ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㸦Global Indusrial Network㸸
GIN㸧ࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࡑࡢάᛶ໬࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸬APEN ࡛ゝ࠺
⏕⏘ࣘࢽࢵࢺ࡜ࡣ㸪⏕⏘ᕤሙ㸪R&D ᪋タ➼ࢆ㸪௻ᴗࡢ
ᯟࢆእࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂❧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡓᴫᛕ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡀ㸪ᡤᅾᅜ࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᅜቃࡢไ⣙ࢆཷࡅ
ࡎ࡟᥋⥆ࡋ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ᆅᇦ඲
య࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ᶆ‽໬ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ㸪࠿ࡘࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࡀ
ಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡀ APEN ࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࢿ
ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᨻ⟇࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ APEN ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡
ࢡᨻ⟇ࡣ㸪≀⌮ⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕㸪ไᗘⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕
ࣅࢸ࢕ཬࡧேⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ࡢ㸱ᒙ࡛ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅ
ࢸ࢕ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇
࡜ከࡃࡢ㠃࡛➢ྜࡍࡿ㸬
ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪APEN ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᨻ⟇ࢆ
᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
➨㸯ࡣ㸪㧗ᗘ⏘ᴗேᮦ⫱ᡂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᶆ‽໬࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
APEN ࡣ㸪APEN ⮬ࡽࡀ Multiversity㸦ὀ㸶㸧࡜࿧ࡪ㸪
ᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࡓ㧗ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒
㸦HiPES㸧ࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᆅ࡟ᘓタࡍࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ᥎㐍
84
前田充浩
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࡓ㧗ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝᩍ⫱ࢩ
ࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ྠ㉁ࡢ㧗ᗘ⏘ᴗேᮦࡀ ASEAN ඲ᇦ࡛౪
⤥ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࢀࡤ㸪ASEAN ඲ᇦ࡛ྠࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᢏ⾡
ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⏕⏘ࣘࢽࢵࢺࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡾ㸪
ᆅᇦⓗ⏕⏘ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀ኱ࡁࡃⓎᒎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣ㸪APEN ࡢ⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࢀࡤ㸪
Multiveristy㸦ᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࡓ HiPES㸧ࡢ ASEAN ᒎ㛤࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪୍᪉࡛ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡢᯟ⤌ࢆ⏝࠸
ࢀࡤ㸪඾ᆺⓗ࡞ேⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡿ㸬
➨ 㸰 ࡣ 㸪 APEN ࡢ 㐍 ࡵ ࡿ ୰ ᑠ ௻ ᴗ ㄆ ド ไ ᗘ
㸦Credibility Index for SMEs㸸CIS㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ࢔
ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࢆ㸪≉࡟ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨຊ㸪ேᮦ㛤Ⓨຊ
࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸࡚᱁௜ࡅࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪እ
ᙧୖࡣุ᩿ࡋ㞴࠸୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗ྍ⬟ᛶࢆุ᩿ࡋ㸪බ♧
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡶࡲࡓ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡢᯟ
⤌ࢆ⏝࠸ࢀࡤ㸪඾ᆺⓗ࡞ேⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
APEN ࡢ㐍ࡵࡿࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᨻ⟇ࡀᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN
ࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇㸪≉࡟ேⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ
⟇࡜ᐦ᥋࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡕ㸪㐺ษ࡟༠ാࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ
࡞┦஌ຠᯝࢆᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ASEAN 㛵ಀ⪅
ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ᪩࠸᫬ᮇ࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪㛶൉⣭࡛ࡑࡢ㐃ᦠࡢᙉ໬ࡢ
ᚲせᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
APEN ࡢάື㸪≉࡟ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᨻ⟇ࡀ ASEAN ࡢ㛶
൉⣭ࡢබᘧᩥ᭩࡛ᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ
࠶ࡿ㸬
➨㸯ࡣ㸪2011 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 10 ᪥࡟࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࡢࣂ࡛ࣜ
Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ㸪ACCC㸦እ┦⣭ࡢ ASEAN ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ
࢕ ㄪ ᩚ ጤ ဨ ఍ 㸸 ASEAN Connectivity Coordinating
Council)㓄ᕸᩥ᭩࡛࠶ࡿ㸬APEN ๰タ࠿ࡽ㸳࠿᭶ࡋ࠿⤒
㐣ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ 2011 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࡢẁ㝵࡛㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN
ࡣ㸪ASEAN ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟ࣃࢿࣜ
ࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ APEN ࢆᣍᚅࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᣍᚅࢆཷࡅ࡚▼ᓥ㎮ኴ
㑻 APEN ఍㛗ࡣ㸪ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢேⓗࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕
ࡢࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥୖグࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘
ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ ACCC ࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ACCC ࡛㓄ᕸࡉ
ࢀࡓሗ࿌᭩㸦Summary of Outcomes of the ASEAN
Connectivity
Symposium
"Enhancing
ASEAN
Connectivity to Support ASEAN Community 2015"
8-9 November 2011, Bali, Indonesia㸧࡟ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺
࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
㸦ᢤ⢋㸧
10. To address the above-mentioned issues, Group 3
put forward the following recommendations:
㸦␎㸧
(iv) Develop ASEAN's creative and value-based
methodology in higher level professional education.
Project Based Learning (PBL) will be an effective
option.
(v) Develop educational cooperation among ASEAN
academic entities and existing networks such as the
ASEAN University Network (AUN) Secretariat and
the Asia Professional Education Network (APEN).
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࡲࡎࡣ PBL ࡜࠸࠺ APEN ࡀၐ㐨ࡍࡿ≉ู
࡞ᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡀ㸪ASEAN ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡍ࡭ࡁ๰㐀ⓗ࠿ࡘ௜ຍ౯
್ࡢ㧗࠸㧗➼ᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ࡢ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜グ㏙ࡉ
ࢀ㸪
ࡉࡽ࡟ ASEAN ࡣ㸪ASEAN ኱Ꮫࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ
㸦AUN㸧
࡜୪ࢇ࡛ APEN ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆᙉ໬ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ᥦゝࡉࢀࡓ㸬
ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ࡣ㸪APEN ࡀ㛶൉⣭ࡢබᘧᩥ᭩࡛ゝཬࡉࢀࡓึ
ࡵ࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
➨㸰ࡣ㸪
2012 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 28 ᪥࡟ᮾி࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ ASEAN
࣮ࣟࢻࢩ࣮ࣙࡢඹྠኌ᫂㸦Joint Media Statement on
the ASEAN Roadshow to Japan㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬2012 ᖺ 4 ᭶
࡟ ASEAN ࡢ㸯㸮⤒῭㛶൉࡜ ASEAN ஦ົᒁ㛗ࡣ᪥ᮏࢆ
ゼၥࡋ㸪㔝⏣⥲⌮㸪㛵ಀ㛶൉㸪᪥ᮏ⤒ᅋ㐃➼࡜ࡢ୍㐃ࡢ
༠㆟ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ ASEAN ࣮ࣟࢻࢩ࣮ࣙࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ඹྠኌ
࡛᫂ࡣ㸪
7. Through the various opportunities presented at
the Road Show, including the informal AEM-METI
meeting, the Ministers outlined the following areas
for further cooperation:
࡜ࡋ࡚ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ༠ຊศ㔝ࡀิᣲࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ୰ࡢ㸯㡯┠࡜
ࡋ࡚㸪
(Support for Small and Medium Enterprises)
Promote and support the efforts of the Asia
Professional Education Network (APEN) and ERIA to
strengthen networks of SMEs in ASEAN and East
Asia through ͆Only-one SME Mission͇ to ASEAN
Member States, the establishment of the ͆ APEN
Credibility Index for SMEs” and the development of
the “Comprehensive Higher Professional Education
System”, which will enhance technology transfer and
collaboration among SMEs and enhance human
resource development.
࡜㸪APEN ࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ࣮࢜ࣥࣜ࣡ࣥ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࣑ࢵࢩ
ࣙࣥࠖ
㸪
ࠕ୰ᑠ௻ᴗಙ㢗ᛶᣦᩘไᗘࠖཬࡧࠕໟᣓⓗ㧗ᗘࣉ
ࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖࡢ㸱஦ᴗࡀ㸪ASEAN
⤒῭㛶൉ࡀ௒ᚋ༠ຊࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ஦ᴗ࡜ࡋ
࡚ิᣲࡉࢀࡓ㸬
➨㸱ࡣ㸪2012 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 30 ᪥࡟࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ࡢࢩ࢙࣒ࣜ࢔
ࢵࣉ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ㸪➨ 18 ᅇ᪥ ASEAN ⤒῭㛶൉఍㆟ࡢ
ඹྠኌ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡟㸪
12. The Ministers reaffirmed the importance of
capacity building of human resources for small and
medium enterprises (SMEs) and welcomed Japan’s
initiatives for introducing a “Comprehensive Higher
Professional Education System (Multiversity)” and
facilitating networking among SMEs through the Asia
Professional Education Network (APEN) in interested
ASEAN Member States.
࡜ࡢグ㏙ࡀධࡾ㸪ASEAN ࡢ⤒῭㛶൉࡜᪥ᮏࡢ⤒῭⏘ᴗ
኱⮧ࡣ㸪APEN ࡀ⾜࠺࣐ࣝࢳࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࢕஦ᴗ࡜ ASEAN
ࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢάᛶ໬஦ᴗࢆḼ㏄ࡋࡓ㸬
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪APEN ࡢάືࡣ㸪タ❧ᚋ㸯ᖺᙉࡢ㛫࡟㸱
ᗘ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ ASEAN ࡢ㛶൉⣭ࡢᨭᣢࢆබᘧ࡟ཷࡅ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸬APEN ࡢ⤌⧊ࡢつᶍࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㦫␗ⓗ
࡞஦ᐇ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
➹⪅ࡣ㸪
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㦫␗ⓗ࡞஦ᐇࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࡀ㸪
ࡲࡉࡋࡃࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖ࢮ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࡢຠᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪APEN ࡀ᥎㐍
ラスト・モダンにおける近代化の「圧縮」戦略（発展戦略） 開発主義と二つの共発主義
ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᨻ⟇ࢆ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ ASEAN ࡣ㸪
⮬ࡽࡀ᥎㐍ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕ᨻ⟇࡜㐺
ษ࡞⿵᏶㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ุ᩿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⿵᏶ࡢຠᯝࢆ᭱
኱㝈࡟ά⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
௨ୖ㸪21 ୡ⣖ࡢ௒᪥࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡀ㏆௦໬
㸦ᕤᴗ໬㸧࡟ᚲせ࡞ᮇ㛫ࢆ኱ࡁࡃࠕᅽ⦰ࠖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡓ
␎㸦Ⓨᒎᡓ␎㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࡟᪥ᮏ➼ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖ
ᅜࡀ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿඹⓎ୺⩏ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ຠᯝ
ࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪⌧ᅾ ASEAN ෆࡢ⛣
⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜࡀ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ
ඹⓎ୺⩏㸦࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࣔࢹࣝ㸧࡜ࡣูࡢ㢮ᆺࡢඹⓎ୺
⩏㸦ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺
ษ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࡑࡢࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝ
ࡢ᥎㐍࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜヱⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ㸦⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ㸧
ᨻᗓࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᆅᇦᶵᵓ㸪ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵㸭ᅜ㝿⤌⧊㸪ࢩࣥ
ࢡࢱࣥࢡ➼ከࡃࡢ୺యࡀ㔜␚ⓗ࡟ᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡾ㸪ࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
ぢ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬
බᩥಇᖹࡢၐ࠼ࡿ᝟ሗ♫఍Ꮫࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪㏆௦
໬࡜࠸࠺᫬௦ࡢ୰࡛㸪ᅜẸᅜᐙᨻᗓࡀ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚እ஺ຊ
ࡢቑ኱ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࡋ࡚➇தࡍࡿࠕጾࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࡀ᭱ࡶᙉຊ
࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓ᫬௦㸪⏘ᴗ௻ᴗࡀ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ᐩࡢቑ኱ࢆ┠
ⓗ࡟ࡋ࡚➇தࡍࡿࠕᐩࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࡀ᭱ࡶᙉຊ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ
ࡓ᫬௦ࢆ⤒࡚㸪௒᪥࡛ࡣ᝟ሗᬛᴗࡀ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝᚓຊࡢ
ቑ኱ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࡋ࡚➇தࡍࡿࠕᬛࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࡀᙉຊ࡟ᒎ㛤
ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ㸪බᩥಇᖹࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ
࠺࡞᫬௦ࢆࣛࢫࢺ࣭ࣔࢲࣥ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟
ከࡃࡢ୺యࡀⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜ㸦⛣⾜⤒῭ᅪㅖᅜ㸧ࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ
࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟㛵୚ࡋ㸪ࢥࢿࢡࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ
࢕࣭ࣔࢹࣝඹⓎ୺⩏ࡢࣁ࣮ࣔࢼ࢖ࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢຠᯝࢆ⏕
ࡳࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ୺యࡢືᶵࡣ㸪⮬ࡽ
ࡢᅜ㝿♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎゝຊࡢቑ኱㸦ࠕጾࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖ㸧
㸪⮬ࡽ
ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈㸦ࠕᐩࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖ㸧ࡢほⅬࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᆅ
⌫ᬛሙ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄝᚓຊࡢቑ኱࡜࠸࠺ࠕᬛࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࡢഃ
㠃࠿ࡽᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ㠃ࡶᙉ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬
ὀ㔘
ὀ㸯㸸OECD ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣ㸪ࠕ᥼ຓᑐ㇟ᅜ㸦aid
eligible countries㸧
ࠖ࡜ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽㅖᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ
ࡿ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓ㈨㔠ࡢࡳࡀ ODA㸦ᨻᗓ㛤Ⓨ
᥼ຓ㸸Official Development Assistance㸧࡟ィୖࡉࢀࡿ㸬
ὀ㸰㸸ᮧୖὈுࡢᐃ⩏࡟↷ࡽࡏࡤ㸪ᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࢆ๓ᥦ
࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾ㸪ඹ⏘ඪ୍ඪ⊂⿢ไ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏
ࡣᡂ❧ࡋᚓࡿ㸬
ὀ㸱㸸ᮏ◊✲ࡀ≌࠸࡚࠸ࡿᮧୖὈுࡢ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢᐃ⩏࡛
ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡣᕷሙ⤒῭ไᗘࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓ
ࡵ㸪ィ⏬⤒῭ไᗘࢆ᥇ࡿࢯ㐃ࡣ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡟ࡣᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ
࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࢆ㸪ᕤᴗ໬࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭
ᡂ㛗ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᕷሙ
⤒῭ไᗘࡢ᭷↓࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡣᡂ❧ࡋᚓࡿ㸬ࡍ
࡞ࢃࡕィ⏬⤒῭ไᗘࢆ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏࡜࠸࠺Ⓨᒎᡓ␎࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
㐠Ⴀࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿ㸬
ὀ㸲㸸᝟ሗ♫఍Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪⤖ᯝࡀ࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࠿ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸≧
ែ࡛㏆௦໬ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸪࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛㸪
ࠕ⊦✺⊛㐍㏆௦
85
໬ᒁ㠃ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬
ὀ㸳㸸ෆᐜ࡟࠾࠸࡚࣡ࢩࣥࢺ࣭ࣥࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀᇶᮏ࡟
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ཬࡧୡ⏺㖟⾜࡜ IMF ࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟࣡ࢩࣥ
ࢺࣥ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ㸬
ὀ㸴㸸ᮏ◊✲ࡢᴫᛕࡢᩚ⌮࡟౫ࢀࡤ㸪㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡣ⮬ᅜẸ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࢸࢡࣀࢡ࣮ࣛࢺ㞟ᅋࡀ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢸ࢕
ࣈࢆ᥇ࡿ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿᕷሙ
࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡬ࡢ௓ධࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㛤Ⓨ୺⩏ࡢ᮲௳࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬
ὀ㸵㸸NEPAD ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࢚ࢪࣉࢺ㸪࢔ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜ࢔㸪
ࢳࣗࢽࢪ࢔ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ໭㒊ጤဨ఍㸪ࢼ࢖ࢪ࢙ࣜ࢔㸪ࢭ
ࢿ࢞ࣝ㸪࣐ࣜ㸪࣮࢞ࢼࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿす㒊ጤဨ఍㸪࣓࢝ࣝ
࣮ࣥ㸪࢞࣎ࣥ㸪ࢥࣥࢦࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ୰㒊ጤဨ఍㸪࢚ࢳ࢜
ࣆ࢔㸪ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲ㸪࣮ࣔࣜࢩࣕࢫࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿᮾ㒊ጤဨ఍
ཬࡧ༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝㸪࣎ࢶ࣡ࢼ㸪ࣔࢨࣥࣅ࣮ࢡ㸪࢔ࣥࢦࣛࢆ
ᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ༡㒊ጤဨ఍ࡢ㸳ࡘࡢጤဨ఍ࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ὀ㸶㸸ከධຊከฟຊ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ」ᩘࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࣭ࢥ࣮ࢫ
ࢆໟྵࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ♫఍ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⏕ᾭᩍ⫱ࡢࡓࡵࡢከࡃࡢ
௙⤌ࡳࢆᩚഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪
ࠕ༢୍㸦UNI㸧
ࠖversity
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
ࠕ」ᩘࠖversity ࡜࿨ྡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
බᩥಇᖹ㹙2004]㸸බᩥಇᖹࠗ᝟ሗ♫఍Ꮫᗎㄝ——ࣛࢫࢺ
ࣔࢲࣥࡢ᫬௦ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿ࠘㸪NTT ฟ∧㸪2004 ᖺ㸬
࣭ᮧୖὈு㹙1992㹛
㸸ᮧୖὈுࠗ཯ྂ඾ࡢᨻ἞⤒῭Ꮫ࣭ୗ࠘㸪
୰ኸබㄽ♫㸪1992 ᖺ㸬
๓⏣඘ᾈ㹙2011㹛㸸๓⏣඘ᾈࠗࠕᬛࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ෭
ᡓྐほ㸸ᅜẸᅜᐙ࡜᝟ሗᬛᴗࡢ㔜␚ࣔࢹࣝࡢヨࡳ࠘㸪᝟ሗ
♫఍Ꮫ఍ㄅ Vol.6 No.1㸪᝟ሗ♫఍Ꮫ఍㸪2011 ᖺ㸬
㏻ၟ⏘ᴗ┬㹙1993㹛
㸸㏻ၟ⏘ᴗ┬ࠗASEAN ⏘ᴗ㧗ᗘ໬ࣅ
ࢪࣙࣥѸ⏘ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢࢫࢫ࣓࠘㸪㏻ၟ⏘ᴗㄪᰝ఍㸪1993 ᖺ㸬
ୡ⏺㖟⾜㹙1993㹛㸸ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࠗᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢወ㊧࠘㸪ⓑ㫽ṇ
႐┘ヂ㸪ᾏእ⤒῭༠ຊᇶ㔠㸪㛤Ⓨ⤒῭ၥ㢟◊✲఍ヂ㸪ᮾὒ
⤒῭᪂ሗ♫㸪1993 ᖺ㸬
Beck=Giddens=Lash㹙 1994㹛㸸Ulrich Beck, Anthony
Giddens,
Scott Lash ࠗ Reflexive Modernization Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social
Order࠘㸪Polity Press㸪1994 ᖺ㸬
ERIA 㹙 2010 㹛㸸 ERIA ࠗ The Comprehensive Asia
Development Plan࠘㸪ERIA Research Project Report
2009㸪No.7-1㸪2010 ᖺ㸬ྜྷᕝᜏኵ㸪
͆ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺᢏ⾡㸪
͇ィ
࡜ไᚚ㸪Vol㸬41㸪No㸬1㸪pp㸬17㸫21㸪2002㸬
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.87－92 （2012） 〔論文〕
㧗ᅽୗ䛾䛫䜣᩿䛻䜘䜛᪂⣲ᮦ䛾సᡂ
Ⳣ㻌 㔝㻌 ၿ㻌 ๎*
Creation of the new materials under high pressure shear stress
Yoshinori Kanno*
Abstract
A basic research of transformation mechanism on metal materials was performed by using the pure
copper being no-oxygen contain in the body, based on the imaging plate method (IP). Under a
high-pressure shear stress reaching to the region of 20 GPa, a several type of copper metamorphology
is created. The creation is concerned with the discovery of new metal materials possessing an
additional physical property. In the calculation simulation by molecular dynamics method (MD), the
structural transformations of copper under high-pressure was argued
Keywords: transformation of cupper, grating constant of cupper, high pressure shear stress, X-ray
diffraction, Molecular Dynamics Method
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
ᮏ⥲ㄝ䛿ᙜ◊✲ᐊ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛣䜜䜎䛷᪂⣲ᮦ㛤Ⓨ◊✲䛻
㛵䛧䛶⾜䛳䛯䠈㧗ᅽୗ䛷䛾㖡䛾ኚែཬ䜃䠈ィ⟬䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅
䝵䞁䛻䛴䛔䛶᭩䛝䛚䜝䛧䛯ᴫㄝ᭩ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
⣧㖡䛿䇾ኚែ䛧䛺䛔䠈㓟໬䛧㞴䛔䠈ධᡭ䛧䜔䛩䛔䇿䛺䛹䛾
⌮⏤䛻䜘䜚㔠ᒓᮦᩱ䛾ᇶ♏◊✲䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈
᭱㏆䛾◊✲䛻䜘䜚㖡䛜㧗ᅽୗ䛾䛫䜣᩿䜢ཷ䛡䜛䛸ኚែ䛩䜛䛸
䛔䛖ሗ࿌䛜䛺䛥䜜䛯 [1]-[4] 䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾஦ᐇ䛿๓グ◊✲䛾䝯䜹䝙
䝈䝮䜢⪃䛘䜛㝿䛻⪃៖䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛥䜙䛻㧗ᅽୗ䛾䛫䜣᩿䛻䜘䜚᪤ሗ䛾ᵓ㐀䛸␗䛺䜛䜒䛾䛜⏕䛨
䜛䛯䜑᪂⣲ᮦ䛾సᡂ䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈㧗ᅽୗ䛷䛫䜣
᩿䜢ຍ䛘䛯㖡䛾䜘䜚ヲ⣽䛺ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
䜎䛯䠈㧗ᅽୗ䛷䛾≀㉁䛾ᵓ㐀ኚ໬䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾◊✲䛜ከ䛟
⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᐇ㦂䝺䝧䝹䛾ヰ䛷䛒䜚㧗ᅽୗ䛷≀㉁䛿䛹䛖
䛔䛳䛯཯ᛂ䜢♧䛩䛛≀⌮ⓗ䛻᳨ド䛩䜛䛻䛿⮳䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊
䛭䛣䛷㖡䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈ィ⟬䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁(MD ἲ)䛻䜘䜚㧗ᅽ
ୗ䛷䛾≀㉁䛾ᵓ㐀ኚ໬䛻䛴䛔䛶ヨ⾜䛧䛶䜏䛯䠊
2. 㧗ᅽୗ䛷䛾䛫䜣᩿䛻䜘䜛᪂⣲ᮦ䛾సᡂ
2.1. ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ
ᅗ 1㻌 㧗ᅽⓎ⏕⿦⨨䛷䛾䛫䜣᩿䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮
㧗ᅽ㈇Ⲵ䛿䠈୍㍈ຍᅽᆺ䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊(᭱㧗ᅽຊ 20GPa)
ヨ㦂∦䠖↓㓟⣲㖡
ຍᅽ㈇Ⲵ䛾ᶵᵓᅗ䜢ᅗ 1 䛻♧䛩䠊
ᅗ 2㻌 ᐇ㦂䛻⏝䛔䛯䜰䞁䝡䝹
Received on September 30, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ, Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology
88
管野善則
2.2. ᅇᢡ䝟䝍䞊䞁䛾ゎᯒ
䛫䜣᩿ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛳䛯ᚋ䛻㏱㐣ᆺ X ⥺䜢⏝䛔䛶 IP(䜲䝯䞊
䝆䞁䜾䝥䝺䞊䝖)䛻ᅇᢡ䝟䝍䞊䞁䜢᧜ᙳ䛧䛯䠊
᧜ᙳ᮲௳䛿
䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖䠖Mo, 䝣䜱䝹䝍䠖Zr (0.1mm), ⟶㟁ᅽ䠖40kV, ⟶
㟁ὶ䠖40mA, ヨ㦂∦-IP 㛫㊥㞳䠖40mm,150mm
䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᅗ 3䠈ᅗ 4䠈ᅗ 5 ཬ䜃ᅗ 6 䛻㏱㐣 X ⥺ᅇᢡ䝟䝍䞊䞁䜢♧
䛩䠊
ᅗ 5㻌 IP 䛸ヨ㦂∦䛾㊥㞳 150mm (ᅗ୰䛾ᩘᏐ䛿䝸䞁䜾)
ᅗ 3㻌 IP 䛸ヨ㦂∦䛾㊥㞳 40mm (ᅗ୰䛾ᩘᏐ䛿䝸䞁䜾)
ᅗ 6㻌 IP 䛸ヨ㦂∦䛾㊥㞳 150mm (ᅗ୰䛾ᩘᏐ䛿䝇䝫䝑
䝖)
䛣䜜䜙䛾ᅗ୰䛾䝸䞁䜾䞉䝇䝫䝑䝖䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᘧ 1 䜢⏝䛔䛶㠃㛫
㝸䜢ồ䜑䛯䠊䛣䛣䛷䠈d 䛿㠃㛫㝸䠈䃚䛿Ἴ㛗䠈䛭䛧䛶䃗䛿
Bragg ゅ䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯ᘧ 2 䛾 L 䛿 IP 䛸ヨ㦂∦䛸䛾㊥㞳䠈r
䛿䝎䜲䝺䜽䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖୰ᚰ䛛䜙䝸䞁䜾䠈䝇䝫䝑䝖䜎䛷䛾㊥㞳䛷䛒
䜛䠊
䞉䞉䞉(1)
ᅗ 4㻌 IP 䛸ヨ㦂∦䛾㊥㞳 40mm (ᅗ୰䛾ᩘᏐ䛿䝇䝫䝑䝖)
䞉䞉䞉(2)
㠃㛫㝸䜢ồ䜑䜛㝿䛾 K䃐ཬ䜃 K䃑䛾Ἴ㛗䛿 0.71069(Å)䠈
0.632253(Å)䛸䛧䛯䠊
K䃐䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛶ồ䜑䛯㠃㛫㝸䛸 K䃑䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛶ồ䜑䛯
㠃㛫㝸䛜㏆䛔್䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊
K䃐䛿 K䃑䜘䜚㠀ᖖ䛻ᙉ䛔䛾䛷䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾䝸䞁䜾䠈䝇䝫䝑䝖
䛿 K䃐䛻䜘䛳䛶⏕䛨䛯䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈K䃑䛷⏕䛨
䛯䝸䞁䜾䠈䝇䝫䝑䝖䜢 K䃐䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶㠃㛫㝸䜢ィ⟬䛩䜛䛸ㄗ䜚
䛜⏕䛨䜛Ⅽ䠈K䃐䛻䜘䛳䛶⌧䜜䛯㠃㛫㝸䜢⾲ 1 䛻♧䛩䠊㖡
(Cu)䛾㠃㛫㝸䜢⪃ḍ䛻䛿 IP 䛸ヨ㦂∦䛾㊥㞳ཬ䜃ᅗ 3䡚6
䛷♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛 No 䜒ేグ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
高圧下のせん断による新素材の作成
⾲ 1㻌 䝸䞁䜾䞉䝇䝫䝑䝖䛾㠃㛫㝸
㠃㛫㝸
(Å)
6.858
6.691
5.366
3.800
3.275
3.250
3.225
3.222
3.200
3.176
3.152
2.974
2.959
2.766
2.679
2.658
2.559
2.522
2.486
2.433
2.351
2.336
2.320
2.261
2.138
2.039
1.917
1.875
1.858
1.693
1.593
1.369
1.334
1.284
1.267
1.100
1.085
1.020
0.927
fcc(Å)
Reported[3]
(Å)
3.14(h)
1.52(h)
1.278
1.090
1.044
89
⾲ 2㻌 ᣦᩘ௜䛡
⪃ḍ
150mm, ring, 4
150mm, spot, 42
150mm, spot, 41
40mm, ring, 5
150mm, spot, 39
150mm, spot, 38
150mm, spot, 37
150mm, ring, 3
150mm, spot, 36
150mm, spot, 35
150mm, spot, 34
150mm, spot, 27
150mm, spot, 26
150mm, spot, 23
150mm, spot, 19
150mm, spot, 18
150mm, spot, 14
150mm, spot, 12
150mm, spot, 11
150mm, spot, 10
150mm, spot, 8
150mm, spot, 7
150mm, spot, 6
150mm, spot, 4
40mm, ring, 4
150mm, ring, 1
40mm, spot, 14
150mm, spot, 1
40mm, spot, 12
40mm, spot, 11
40mm, spot, 10
40mm, spot, 9
40mm, spot, 8
40mm, spot, 7
40mm, spot, 6
40mm, spot, 4
40mm, spot, 3
40mm, spot, 2
40mm, spot, 1
ḟ䛻ᘧ 3 䛻❧᪉ᬗ⣔䛾㠃㛫㝸䛾ᘧ䜢䠈ᘧ 4 䛻㠃㛫㝸ྠኈ
䛾ẚ䛾ᘧ䜢♧䛩䠊
䞉䞉䞉(3)
࣭࣭࣭(4)
ᘧ 3 ཬ䜃ᘧ 4 䜘䜚㠃㛫㝸ྠኈ䛾ẚ䛿䝹䞊䝖䛾 Miller ᣦᩘ
䛾஧஌䛾࿴䛷䛒䜛 s ್䛾ẚ䛻➼䛧䛟䛺䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈
䛣䛾䛸䛝ῧ䛘Ꮠ 0 䛜䛴䛟䜒䛾䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛩䜛䠊
䛣䛾᪉ἲ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚⾲ 1 䛻♧䛩㠃㛫㝸䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᣦ
ᩘ௜䛡䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊⤖ᯝ䜢⾲ 2 䛻♧䛩䠊䛣䛾䛸䛝䠈ồ䜎䛳䛯ᣦᩘ
䜢⏝䛔䛶᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䠈㠃㛫㝸 6.691(Å)䜒グ㍕䛩䜛䠊
㠃㛫㝸
(Å)
6.858
6.691
5.366
3.800
3.275
3.250
3.225
3.222
3.200
3.176
3.152
2.974
2.959
2.766
2.679
2.658
2.559
2.522
2.486
2.433
2.351
2.336
2.320
2.261
2.138
2.039
1.917
1.875
1.858
1.693
1.593
1.369
1.334
1.284
1.267
1.100
1.085
1.020
0.927
㠃㛫㝸
1.000
1.025
1.278
1.805
2.094
2.110
2.127
2.218
2.143
2.159
2.176
2.306
2.318
2.479
2.560
2.580
2.680
2.719
2.759
2.819
2.917
2.936
2.956
3.033
3.208
3.363
3.577
3.658
3.691
4.051
4.305
5.009
5.141
5.341
5.413
6.235
6.321
6.724
7.398
Miller ᣦ
ᩘ
Miller ᣦᩘ
᱁Ꮚ
ᐃᩘ
(1 1 1)
6.845
1.155
1.915
2.000
(2 0 0)
(3 1 1)
(2 2 2)
5.928
3.575
3.423
2.309
(4 0 0)
2.964
2.517
(3 3 1)
2.720
2.582
(4 2 0)
2.651
2.828
(4 2 2)
2.420
3.000
3.266
3.416
(5 1 1), (3 3 3)
(4 4 0)
(5 3 1)
2.282
2.096
2.004
3.651
3.786
4.000
(6 2 0)
(5 3 3)
(4 4 4)
1.875
1.808
1.711
5.000
5.164
5.260
5.416
6.191
6.325
6.733
7.394
(1 5 7), (5 5 5)
1.369
(0 4 8)
1.326
(1 1 9), (3 5 7)
1.301
(4 6 6)
(3 5 9)
(2 4 10)
1.264
1.106
1.082
1.017
0.926
(6 8 6), (6 0 10)
(6 8 8), (6 0 10)
⾲ 2 䛛䜙᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䜢Ỵᐃ䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈(1 1 1)㠃䛛䜙(5 5 5)
㠃䜢ᢤ䛝ฟ䛧⾲ 3 䛻♧䛩䠊
⾲ 3 䛾㠃㛫㝸䛾ẚཬ䜃ᣦᩘ䛾䝹䞊䝖䛾ẚ䛸䛿㠃㛫㝸
6.858 䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧㠃㛫㝸ཬ䜃ᣦᩘ䛷๭䛳䛯್䛷䛒䜛䠊
⾲ 3㻌 ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ
㠃㛫
㝸(Å)
Miller
ᣦᩘ
6.858
3.275
2.261
(1 1 1)
(2 2 2)
(3 3 3)
㠃㛫㝸
䛾ẚ
(6.858
䜢ᇶ‽)
1.000
2.094
3.033
Miller ᣦᩘ
䛾䝹䞊䝖䛾ẚ
(6.858 䛾ᣦ
ᩘ䜢ᇶ‽)
1.000
2.000
3.000
᱁Ꮚᐃ
ᩘ
11.878
11.345
11.749
90
管野善則
1.693
1.369
(4 4 4)
(5 5 5)
4.051
5.010
4.000
5.000
11.729
11.856
᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䠖3.615, ✵㛫⩌䠖Fm3m 䛷䛒䜛䠊
3.2.1. 䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾Ỵᐃ
2.3. ⪃ᐹ
ᣦᩘ௜䛡䛾⤖ᯝ䛛䜙᪤ሗ䛾 fcc 䛸䛿␗䛺䜛⤖ᬗᵓ㐀䛜⏕
䛨䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛩䜉䛶䛾⤖ᬗᵓ㐀䜢ヨ䛧䛯ヂ䛷䛿䛺䛔Ⅽ䠈
䛭䛾௚䛾⤖ᬗᵓ㐀䜒Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈᱁
Ꮚᐃᩘ䛾್䛿⾲ 3 䜘䜚 11.856 䛸ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䠊䛣䜜䛿ᚑ᮶䛾㖡
䛾᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛾 3.28 ಸ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙㧗ᅽୗ䛷䛫䜣᩿
ຊ䛜ຍ䜟䛳䛯䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚㖡䛾⤖ᬗᵓ㐀䛜ᢲ䛧䛴䜆䛥䜜䛶㞄䜚
ྜ䛖⤖ᬗ䛜㔜䛺䜚ྜ䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䜢Ỵᐃ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᖖ (300K)䛷
ィ⟬䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊⾲ 4 䛻䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛸䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䜢♧䛩䠊ィ⟬䜢
⾜䛖㝿䛻䝉䝹䛾኱䛝䛥䜢᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛾 5 ಸ䛻タᐃ䛧䛶⾜䛳䛯䠊
⾲ 4㻌 ィ⟬⤖ᯝ(300K)
No.
1
2
A
41.3
49.6
B
10
10
F
27.65
24.79
G
9.95
8.75
msd
0.018
0.018
ḟ䛻䠈ୖグ䛷⏝䛔䛯䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䜢⏝䛔䛶 0.0001GPa 䛷ィ
⟬䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䜢⾲ 5 䛻♧䛩䠊
3. ィ⟬䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䜛ᵓ㐀ゎᯒ
3.1. ศᏊືຊᏛἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶
㧗ᅽୗ䛷䛾≀㉁䛾ᵓ㐀ኚ໬䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾≀⌮ⓗ᳨ド䛾Ⅽ䠈
ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿ィ⟬䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸䛧䛶ศᏊືຊᏛἲ䜢⏝䛔
䛯䠊
㻌 ศᏊືຊᏛἲ(MD ἲ: Molecular Dynamics Method)
䛸䛿ከᩘ䛾⢏Ꮚ(ཎᏊ䠈ศᏊ➼)䛛䜙䛺䜛⣔䛻䛚䛔䛶୚䛘䜙䜜
䛯⢏Ꮚ㛫┦஫స⏝(ཎᏊ㛫䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹➼)䜢⏝䛔䛶ྛ⢏Ꮚ
䛻ാ䛟⢏Ꮚ㛫ຊ䜢ồ䜑䠈㐺ᙜ䛺㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧ䛻䜘䜚ྛ⢏Ꮚ䛾
᫬㛫䛻ᑐ䛩䜛఩⨨䠈㏿ᗘ➼䛾✀䚻䛾≀⌮㔞䜢ồ䜑䜛᪉ἲ䛷
䛒䜛䠊ᅗ 7 䛻 MD ἲィ⟬䛾䝣䝻䞊䝏䝱䞊䝖䜢♧䛩䠊
⾲ 5㻌 ィ⟬⤖ᯝ(0.0001GPa)
No.
1
2
A
41.3
49.6
B
10
10
F
27.65
24.79
G
9.95
8.75
msd
0.001
0.002
⾲ 4 ཬ䜃⾲ 5 ୰䛾 msd(ᖹᆒ஧஌ኚ఩)䛸䛿ィ⟬䛾㐣⛬䛻
䛚䛔䛶ཎᏊ䛜䛹䛾⛬ᗘኚ఩䛧䛯䛛䜢♧䛩್䛷䛒䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈
msd 䛜 0 䛻㏆䛔್䜢♧䛩䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿ィ⟬䛾㐣⛬䛻䛚䛔䛶
ཎᏊ䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹⛣ື䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢♧䛩䛯䜑䠈䛣䛾್䜢┠
Ᏻ䛻䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䜢Ỵᐃ䛧䛯䠊
ᅗ 8 䛻 A=41.3, B=10, F=27.65, G=9.95 䛾䛸䛝䛾 300K,
0.0001GPa 䛾䜾䝷䝣䜢䠈ᅗ 9 䛻 A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79,
G=8.75 䛾䛸䛝䛾 300K, 0.0001GPa 䛾䜾䝷䝣䜢♧䛩䠊
ᅗ 7㻌 MD ィ⟬䛾䝣䝻䞊䝏䝱䞊䝖
䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛻䛿 MXDORTO 䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊
䛣䜜䛿ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ᝨᫍ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ䛾
Ἑᮧ㞝⾜ᩍᤵ䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛷䠈2 య୰ᚰຊ䛻䜘䜛⤖ᬗ䛸⼥య䠋
䜺䝷䝇䛾 MD ἲィ⟬䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛷䛒䜚䠈≉䛻䜲䜸䞁ᛶὶయ䛸
ಶయ䛻㐺䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
3.2. 䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ヲ⣽
㖡䛻㧗ᅽ䜢ຍ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜛ᵓ㐀䛾ኚ໬䜢᳨ド䛩䜛Ⅽ䠈ᘧ
5 䛻♧䛩㔠ᒓ䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹(LRO-2䇻䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹)䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊
䞉䞉䞉(5)
kB 䛿 Boltzmann ᐃᩘ䠈kF 䛿 Fermi Ἴᩘ䠈A,B,F,G 䛿䛭
䜜䛮䜜䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
MD ィ⟬䛻䛚䛔䛶ᚲせ䛺㖡䛾䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈ཎᏊ㔞䠖63.536,
ᅗ 8㻌 A=41.3, B=10, F=27.65, G=9.95 䛾䛸䛝䛾᱁Ꮚᐃ
ᩘ䛾ኚ໬(300K, 0.0001GPa)
高圧下のせん断による新素材の作成
ᅗ 9㻌 A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79, G=8.75 䛾䛸䛝䛾᱁Ꮚᐃ
ᩘ䛾ኚ໬(300K, 0.0001GPa)
91
ᅗ 11㻌 A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79, G=8.75 䛾䛸䛝䛾᱁Ꮚ
ᐃᩘ b 䛾ኚ໬
ᅗ 8 䛷䛿᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ a 䛜䠈ᅗ 9 䛷䛿᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ b 䛜௚䛾 2
䛴䛾᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛸䛿኱䛝䛟␗䛺䜛್䜢䛸䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊
䛥䜙䛻 3 䛴䛾᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛸䜒䛻㖡䛾ᚑ᮶䛾᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛷䛒䜛
3.615(Å)䛸䛿␗䛺䜛್䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱
䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛜㐺ᙜ䛷䛿䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈
A=41.3, B=10, F=27.65, G=9.95 䛾 䛸 䛝 䛾 ᐦ ᗘ 䛿
7.86378(g/cm3)
A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79, G=8.75 䛾 䛸 䛝 䛾 ᐦ ᗘ 䛿
8.77340(g/cm3)
䛸 䛺 䛳 䛶 䛚 䜚 䠈 㖡 䛾 ᐦ ᗘ 䛷 䛒 䜛 8.9331428(g/cm3) 䛻
A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79, G=8.75 䛾䛸䛝䛾ᐦᗘ䛿㏆䛔್䜢
䛸䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙 A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79, G=8.75 䜢䝫䝔
䞁䝅䝱䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛸䛧䛶ᅽຊ䜢᥃䛡䛯ሙྜ䛾ィ⟬䜢⾜䛳
䛯䠊
ᅗ 12㻌 A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79, G=8.75 䛾䛸䛝䛾᱁Ꮚ
ᐃᩘ c 䛾ኚ໬
3.3. ィ⟬⤖ᯝ
ୖグ䛷ồ䜎䛳䛯䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䜢⏝䛔䛶ィ⟬䜢⾜䛖䠊䝇䝔䝑䝥ᅇ
ᩘ䠖5000, ཎᏊᩘ䠖500, ᗘ䠖300K 䛸䛧䠈ᅽຊ䜢 0, 10,
20GPa 䛸ኚ໬䛥䛫䛶ィ⟬䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
ᅗ 10 䛻䛿᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ a 䛾ኚ໬䠈ᅗ 11 䛻䛿᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ b 䛾
ኚ໬䠈ᅗ 12 䛻䛿᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ c 䛾ኚ໬䛾䜾䝷䝣䜢♧䛩䠊
ᅗ 10 䛛䜙ᅗ 12 䜎䛷䛛䜙᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛜ᅽຊ䜢ୖ䛢䛶䜒䛒䜎䜚
ኚ໬䛧䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䛣䛾⤖ᯝ䛛䜙㖡䛾ᵝ䛺ᑐ⛠ᛶ䛾Ⰻ
䛔≀㉁䛿ᅽຊ䜢ୖ䛢䛶䜒᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛿䛥䜋䛹ኚ໬䛧䛺䛔䛸⪃
䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈☜ド䜢ᚓ䜛䛯䜑䛻㖡௨እ䛾ᑐ⛠ᛶ䛾Ⰻ䛔
ᮦᩱ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒ィ⟬䜢⾜䛖ᚲせ䛜䛒䜝䛖䠊䛥䜙䛻 step ᩘ䜢
5000 ᅇ䛸タᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾ィ⟬䛿 1000 ᅇ๓ᚋ䛷
⤊䜟䜚ᚋ䛿Ᏻᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜒䜟䛛䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮⮬య
䛾ၥ㢟䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䛣䛾Ⅼ䜒௒ᚋ䛾᳨ウㄢ㢟䛷䛒䜛䠊
3.4. ⪃ᐹ
㻌 ᅗ 8 䛷䛿᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ a 䛜䠈ᅗ 9 䛷䛿᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ b 䛜௚䛾 2
䛴䛾᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛸䛿኱䛝䛟␗䛺䜛್䜢䛸䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊
䛥䜙䛻 3 䛴䛾᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛸䜒䛻㖡䛾ᚑ᮶䛾᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ䛷䛒䜛
3.615(Å)䛸䛿␗䛺䜛್䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱
䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛜㐺ᙜ䛷䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䜛஦䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
䛧䛛䛧䠈A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79, G=8.75 䛾ィ⟬⤖ᯝ䛻
䜘 䜛 ᐦ ᗘ 䛿 8.77340(g/cm3) 䛸 䛺 䛳 䛶 䛚 䜚 䠈 㖡 䛾 ᐦ ᗘ
8.9331428(g/cm3)䛻㠀ᖖ䛻㏆䛔್䜢䛸䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈㖡
䛾ᐦᗘ䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙⪃䛘䜛䛸䠈䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛸䛧䛶ẚ
㍑ⓗṇ䛧䛔䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶
ᅗ 10㻌 A=49.6, B=10, F=24.79, G=8.75 䛾䛸䛝䛾᱁Ꮚ
ᐃᩘ a 䛾ኚ໬
y
y
y
䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍
ᅽຊไᚚ
䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹㛵ᩘ
䛾 3 Ⅼ䛻䛚䛔䛶᳨ウ䛜௒ᚋᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊
92
管野善則
4. 䛚䜟䜚䛻
ᮏሗ࿌䛷䛿㧗ᅽୗ䛷㖡䛻䛫䜣᩿ຊ䜢ຍ䛘䛯⤖ᯝ䠈ᚑ᮶䛸
䛿␗䛺䜛 fcc 䛾⤖ᬗᵓ㐀䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧 fcc
䛾ᵓ㐀䛜ᙜ䛶䛿䜎䜙䛺䛔㠃㛫㝸䜒Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈௚䛾ᵓ㐀䛾
ඹᏑ䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚㖡䛾ኚែ䜢☜ㄆฟ᮶䛯䠊
䛥䜙䛻᪤ሗ䛾ㄽᩥ䛻䛚䛔䛶♧䛥䜜䛯㠃㛫㝸䛸䛿኱䛝䛟␗䛺
䜛㠃㛫㝸䜒ฟ⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿 IP 䛜㧗ឤᗘ䛾䛯䜑ᚓ䜙䜜
䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈௒ᚋ䛾㧗ᅽ䛫䜣᩿ᚋ䛾≀ᛶཬ䜃᪤
ሗ䛾ㄽᩥ䛷䛾᮲௳ୗ䛷 IP 䛻䜘䜛 X ⥺ᅇᢡ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䜒᭷ຠ
䛷䛒䜛䠊
䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䠈ᅽຊ
ไᚚ䠈䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹㛵ᩘ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈
㖡䛾ᐦᗘ䛾ほⅬ䛷䛿ẚ㍑ⓗṇ䛧䛔䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍
䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
5. ㅰ㎡
ᮏሗ࿌䜢㐍䜑䜛䛻ᙜ䛯䜚䠈᫇䛾ᙜ◊✲ᐊ༞ᴗ⏕䠈➉ᮏு
ྩ䛾ຊ㔞䛻ឤㅰ䛩䜛䛸ඹ䛻䠈㧗ᅽ䛫䜣᩿ᐇ㦂䠈᳨ド䛻䛤ຓ
ゝ䜢䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯䠈ඖ ᒣ᲍኱Ꮫྂᕷ༤ඛ⏕䛻䛣䛾ሙ䜢೉䜚䛶
ឤㅰ䛾ព䜢⾲䛥䛫䛶䛔䛯䛰䛝䜎䛩䠊
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
㕥ᮌ኱㍜,㫽ᒃ┤㑥,⟶㔝ၿ๎,ྂᕷ༤,᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ఍ 2003㻌
ᒣ᲍ㅮ₇఍ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟,(2003)223.
JCPDS, Powder diffraction file:4-0838.
H. Furuichi, E. Ito, Y. Kanno, and others, J. Non-Cryst.
Solids,279(2001)215.
B. D. Cullity, ᮧ ᯇ ※ ኴ 㑻 㻌 ヂ ,X ⥺ ᅇ ᢡ せ ㄽ , 䜰 䜾
䝛,(1976),301-314.
ᖹᑿ୍அ㻌 Ἑᮧ㞝⾜,䝟䝋䝁䞁䛻䜘䜛ᮦᩱタィ(1994)㻌 ⳹ᡣ
Ἑᮧ㻌 㞝⾜,MXTRICL/MXDORTO
⏣୰ᐇ,⚟஭ⰾᙪ,➉ෆᰤ(1973),ᾮయ㔠ᒓ䜲䜸䞁⣔䛾⇕㐠ື
䛾ィ⟬䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠖⮬ᕫᣑᩓᶵᵓ䛸㞟ᅋ⇕㐠ື䛾ゎᯒ.
᪥ᮏ㔠ᒓᏛ఍ㄅ 37,907-916
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.93－100 （2012） 〔論文〕
⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛻䛚䛡䜛┠ᶆ䛸ᡭẁ䛾ㄪᰝ
⥙௦㻌 ๛*
A Research of the Purposes and Methods for Autonomous Learning
Tsuyoshi Aziro*
Abstract
This paper observes the purposes and methods for autonomous learning. The examples of purposes of
learning are Key Competences, inductive thinking, and education on particular context so as
mathematics. The examples of methods are Progressivism education, Experiential Learning, Case
Method, PBL, and so on. The outcomes are followings. First, the transfer of competences between
contexts to another is in common with the examples of purposes. Second, the examples of purposes are
classified with the degree of the width of the transfer between contexts. Finally, the possibility of
transfer of competence within particular context will be found.
Keywords: transfer, competency, autonomous learning, mathematics education, professional education
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
♫఍䛾኱䛝䛺ኚ໬䜢ཷ䛡䛶䠈ᩍ⫱䜒ኚ໬䛧䛴䛴䛒䜛䠊ᮏ✏
䛷䛿䠈㏆ᖺ䛾ᩍ⫱䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ⓗ䛚䜘䜃ᡭẁ䜢ᴫほ䛧䠈
䛣䜜䜙䛻ඹ㏻䛾せ⣲䛸䛧䛶䛂㌿⛣䠄transfer䠅䛃䛻ὀ┠䛧䠈Ꮫ⩦
䛾┠ⓗ䛾ศ㢮䠈䛚䜘䜃Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ⓗ䛸ᡭẁ䛾ᑐᛂ䛵䛡䜢ヨ䜏
䜛䠊
OECD 䛻 䜘 䜛 DeSeCo 䠄 Definition & Selection of
Competencies䠅[1]䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䠄௨ୗ䠈DeSeCo䠅䛜ᣦ᦬䛩䜛
䜘䛖䛻䠈䛣䛾ศ㔝䛷䛿䠈䜎䛰⏝ㄒ䛜☜❧䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔ഃ㠃䛜
䛒䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈౽ᐅⓗ䛻䠈୺䛻 DeSeCo 䛻䛺䜙䛔䠈
ḟ䛾䜘䛖⏝ㄒ䜢ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䠊
y
y
y
ᩥ⬦[1]䠖」ᩘ䛾Ꮫ⾡䜔ᢏ⾡䛾㡿ᇦ䠈⏘ᴗ䠈⤒Ⴀ⪅䠈⿕㞠
⏝⪅䠈ᕷẸ䛸䛔䛳䛯♫఍䛾୰䛷䛾❧ሙ䠈ᅜ䜔ᆅᇦ䠈௻ᴗ
䛸䛔䛳䛯䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱䛾≉ᛶ䛺䛹䛾ศ㢮䛾⥲⛠䠊
䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊[1]䠖䝇䜻䝹䠄ᢏ⬟䠅䠈⬟ຊ䠄䜰䝡䝸䝔䜱䠅䛸䛔䛳
䛯Ꮫ⩦䜔⤒㦂䛷⋓ᚓ䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾䛾⥲⛠䠊
⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䠖⎔ቃ䛾ኚ໬䜔ᮍ▱䛾㡿ᇦ䜈䛾ᑐᛂ䛸䛧
䛶䠈⎔ቃ䛸┦஫స⏝ⓗ[2]䛻㛵䜟䜚䛴䛴䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾⮬ᚊⓗ
䛺᥈⣴䜢᫂♧ⓗ䛻ྲྀ䜚ධ䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖ព࿡䛷䠈䝥䝷䜾䝬䝔䜱
䝈䝮[3]䛻ᇶ♏䜢ᣢ䛴Ꮫ⩦䠊
⫱䛾䝞䜴䝝䜴䝇 [11]䠈ྂ䛟䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦䛸㐟ᡙ䜢㛵ಀ௜䛡䛯䝣䝺䞊
䝧䝹 [12],[13] 䠈⤒㦂䛻䜘䜛⮬ᚊⓗ䛺᥈✲䜢Ꮫ⩦䛾ᩥ⬦䛻ᣢ䛱
㎸䜣䛰䝕䝳䞊䜲[14]䛻䜒䠈䛣䛖䛧䛯㆟ㄽ䜢ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
䛣䜜䜙䛻ඹ㏻䛩䜛஦㡯䛿䠈䛚䛚䜘䛭ḟ䛾䛸䛚䜚䛷䛒䜛䠊
y
y
y
2.1. 䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
DeSeCo[1] 䛿䠈ከᵝ໬䛸ྠ᫬䛻ᶆ‽໬䛜㐍䜏䠈⤯䛘䛪᪂
䛯䛺ᢏ⾡䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䠈㈨※➼䛾⎔ቃಖ඲䛻䜒㓄៖䛧䛺䛡
䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔௒᪥䛾♫఍䛻䛚䛡䜛ᩍ⫱䛾ᣦ㔪䛸䛧䛶䠈኱䛝䛟
ḟ䛾 3 䛴䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䛛䜙䛺䜛䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䜢ᐃ⩏䛧
䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
y
2. Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ᶆ
ኚ໬䛩䜛♫఍䜔᪂䛯䛺ᢏ⾡䛻ᑐᛂ䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ᶆ䛻䛴
䛔䛶䛿䠈」ᩘ䛾㆟ㄽ䜢䜏䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䛯䛸䛘䜀 DeSeCo[1]
䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ᶆ䜢䠈≉ᐃ䛾ᩥ⬦䛻ᅛ᭷䛺䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛷䛿
䛺䛟䠈ከᩘ䛾ᩥ⬦䛻㌿⛣䠄transfer䠅ྍ⬟䛺⬟ຊ䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁
䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛸䛧䛶ᐃ⩏䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈බᩍ⫱
䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦䛾⌮ᛕ䜢䛂⏕䛝䜛ຊ䛃[4],[5],[6]䛸䛧䛶ᐃ⩏䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈ᐇົ⪅ᩍ⫱䛾ᩥ⬦䛷䛿䠈䜰䞊䝆䝸䝇[7]䠈䝉䞁䝀[8]䠈≉ᐃ
䛾ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛡䜛ᩍ⫱䛸䛧䛶䠈ᩘᏛ䛾䝫䝸䜰[9],[10] 䠈䝕䝄䜲䞁ᩍ
Received on December 7, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦
⎔ቃ䛸䛾┦஫స⏝ⓗ䛺ᑐᛂ
௚䛾ᩥ⬦䛻㌿⛣ྍ⬟䛺䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
y
┦஫స⏝ⓗ䛻㐨ල䜢⏝䛔䜛
¾
ゝㄒ䠈䝅䞁䝪䝹䠈䝔䜽䝇䝖䜢┦஫స⏝ⓗ䛻⏝䛔䜛
¾
▱㆑䜔᝟ሗ䜢┦஫స⏝ⓗ䛻⏝䛔䜛
¾
ᢏ⾡䜢┦஫స⏝ⓗ䛻⏝䛔䜛
␗㉁䛺㞟ᅋ䛷஺ὶ䛩䜛
¾
௚ே䛸䛔䛔㛵ಀ䜢స䜛
¾
༠ຊ䛩䜛䚹䝏䞊䝮䛷ാ䛟
¾
த䛔䜢ฎ⌮䛧䚸ゎỴ䛩䜛
⮬ᚊⓗ䛻άື䛩䜛
¾
኱䛝䛺ᒎᮃ䛾䛺䛛䛷άື䛩䜛
¾
ே⏕ィ⏬䜔ಶேⓗ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖タィ䛧ᐇ⾜䛩䜛
¾
⮬䜙䛾ᶒ฼䚸฼ᐖ䚸㝈⏺䜔䝙䞊䝈䜢⾲᫂䛩䜛
DeSeCo[1]䛿䠈䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛾⟇ᐃ䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䠈
94
網代剛
䛭䛾せ௳䜢ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻䛥䛰䜑䠈◊✲⪅䛾䝺䝡䝳䞊䠈␗䛺䜛Ꮫ
ၥศ㔝䠄ဴᏛ䠈ே㢮Ꮫ䠈ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䠈⤒῭Ꮫ䠈♫఍Ꮫ䠅䠈␗䛺䜛
ᅜ䠄12 䛾ᅜ䠖CCP-Country Contribution Process-:䜸䞊䝇
䝖䝸䜰䠈䝧䝹䜼䞊䠈䝕䞁䝬䞊䜽䠈䝣䜱䞁䝷䞁䝗䠈䝣䝷䞁䝇䠈䝗䜲䝒䠈
䜸䝷䞁䝎䠈䝙䝳䞊䝆䞊䝷䞁䝗䠈䝜䝹䜴䜵䞊䠈䝇䜴䜵䞊䝕䞁䠈䝇䜲
䝇䠈䜰䝯䝸䜹䠅䠈␗䛺䜛䝉䜽䝍䞊䠄ᩍ⫱䝉䜽䝍䞊䠈ປാ䝉䜽䝍䞊䠈
ᣦᶆ䛸䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䠈ᅜ䝺䝧䝹䛷䛾◊✲άື䠈ⱝ⪅䛾Ⓨ㐩䠈
ᕷẸ♫఍䛺䛹䠅䛾▱ぢ䜢⤫ྜ䛧䛶䛾᳨ウ䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯䠊
y
䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛾せ௳[1]
¾
඲యⓗ䛺ே⏕䛾ᡂຌ䛸ṇᖖ䛻ᶵ⬟䛩䜛♫఍䛸䛔
䛖Ⅼ䛛䜙䠈ಶே䛚䜘䜃♫఍䛾䝺䝧䝹䛷㧗䛔౯್䜢
䜒䛴⤖ᯝ䛻㈉⊩䛩䜛䠊
¾
ᖜᗈ䛔ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈㔜せ䛷」㞧䛺せồ䜔ㄢ㢟
䛻ᛂ䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻᭷⏝䛷䛒䜛
¾
䛩䜉䛶䛾ಶே䛻䛸䛳䛶㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊
ከᩘ䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢᳨ウ䛧䛶䜖䛟୰䛷䠈DeSeCo[1]䛿䠈
䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛿䠈ᅜᐙ䠈ᆅᇦ䜔䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱䛺䛹䛾♫఍䜔䠈
Ꮫ⾡䞉ᢏ⾡䛻ᅛ᭷䛾ᩥ⬦䛸䠈᏶඲䛻ษ䜚㞳䛧䛶䛿ᡂ䜚❧䛯䛺
䛔䛸䛧䛯䛖䛘䛷䠈ᵝ䚻䛺ᩥ⬦䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ඹ㏻䝉䝑䝖䛸䛧䛶䛂䜻䞊䞉
䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䜢ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䜢㑅ᢥ䛩䜛䠊
DeSeCo[1] 䛿䠈䛣䜜䜢䠈ḟ䛾≉ᚩ䜢ᣢ䛴䠈ᶵ⬟ⓗ䞉㟂せⓗ䜰
䝥䝻䞊䝏䜢䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃⟇ᐃ䛻䛚䛡䜛ཷᐜⓗ䞉ᶵ⬟ⓗ䜰
䝥䝻䞊䝏[1]
¾
㌿⛣ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸
¾
Ꮫ⩦ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸
¾
㟂せ䜢཯ᫎ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸
䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛾᳨ウẁ㝵䛻䛚䛡䜛 CCP[1]➼䛾
ሗ࿌䛻䛿䠈ከᩘ䛾䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛾ೃ⿵䛸䛺䜛䝁䞁䝢
䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸䛥䜜䜛䠄䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈䝗䜲䝒䛾⫋ᴗカ⦎䛾ᩥ
⊩䛰䛡䛷䜒䠈650 ௨ୖ䛾␗䛺䛳䛯䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛜
ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛸䛔䛖䠅䠊DeSeCo[1]䛿䠈䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛿䠈ᚲ
䛪≉ᐃ䛾ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛔䛶⋓ᚓ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛧䛺䛜䜙䜒䠈ᙜヱᩥ⬦䛸
␗䛺䜛ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛔䛶䛾Ⓨ᥹䛜ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䛺䛔䜒䛾䛿䠈䛂䜻䞊䞉
䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛸䛿䛫䛪䠈௚䛾ᩥ⬦䛷䜒Ⓨ᥹䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾䜢
䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛸䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜䛜䠈㌿⛣ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛾
ព࿡䛷䛒䜛䠊DeSeCo[1]䛷䛿䛣䜜䜢㐺ᛂ䠄adaptation䠅[1]䛸䜒
࿧䜣䛷䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛿䠈ඛኳⓗ䛻ഛ䜟
䜛⬟ຊ䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈Ꮫ⩦䛻䜘䜛⋓ᚓ䛜ྍ⬟䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻
DeSeCo[1]䛿䠈䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䜢䠈ᴫᛕⓗ䝥䝷䜾䝬䝔
䜱䝈䝮䛻䜘䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈ඛ䛻グ䛧䛯 3 䛴䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸
䛛䜙䛺䜛䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᐃ⩏䛿䠈ᅛᐃⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺
䛟䠈ᩥ⬦䛸䛾┦஫స⏝䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛶⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸
䛿䜒䛱䜝䜣䠈ඃඛ㡰఩䛜௜䛡䜙䜜䛯䜚䠈㐺ᛂ䛸䛔䛖ᙧ䛷ኚ໬䛧
䛯䜚䛧䛶䜖䛟䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
ᇶ♏䞉ᇶᮏ䜢☜ᐇ䛻㌟䛻╔䛡䠈䛔䛛䛻♫఍䛜ኚ໬䛧䜘䛖
䛸䠈⮬䜙ㄢ㢟䜢ぢ䛴䛡䠈⮬䜙Ꮫ䜃䠈⮬䜙⪃䛘䠈୺యⓗ䛻ุ
᩿䛧䠈⾜ື䛧䠈䜘䜚䜘䛟ၥ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛩䜛㈨㉁䜔⬟ຊ䠈⮬䜙
䜢ᚊ䛧䛴䛴䠈௚ே䛸䛸䜒䛻༠ㄪ䛧䠈௚ே䜢ᛮ䛔䜔䜛ᚰ䜔ឤ
ື䛩䜛ᚰ䛺䛹䛾㇏䛛䛺ே㛫ᛶ䠈䛯䛟䜎䛧䛟⏕䛝䜛䛯䜑䛾೺
ᗣ䜔యຊ[4],[5],[6]
䛂⏕䛝䜛ຊ䛃䛿䠈␗䛺䜛ᩥ⬦䛻㌿⛣ྍ⬟䛺䜒䛾䛾䜏䛸䛩䜛
䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛸ẚ䜉䛶䠈ᇶ♏䞉ᇶᮏ䜔೺ᗣ䜎䛷䜒ྵ
䜐ᗈ⠊䛺ෆᐜ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䜜䜙䛿䠈ྛᩍ⛉䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䜘䜚ヲ⣽
䛻ᣦᑟ䛾ෆᐜ䛜ᐃ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛾
᫬㛫[15],[16],[17]䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦䛾ෆᐜ䛿䠈ᇶ♏ⓗ䞉ᇶᮏⓗ䛺▱
㆑䞉ᢏ⬟䛾ᐃ╔䜔䛭䜜䜙䛾ά⏝䛿䠈ᩍ⛉䛷⾜䛖䛣䛸䜢๓ᥦ䛻䠈
㡿ᇦᶓ᩿ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛸䛧䠈≉䛻᥈✲ⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛚䜘䜃༠ྠⓗ䛺
ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䜢඘ᐇ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛸䛧䛶䠈ྛᰯ✀ඹ㏻䛻䠈ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻
┠ᶆ䜢ᐃ䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛾᫬㛫䛾ෆᐜ[15],[16],[17]
¾
ᶓ᩿ⓗ䞉⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䜔᥈✲ⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䜢㏻䛩䛣
䛸
¾
⮬䜙ㄢ㢟䜢ぢ䛴䛡䠈⮬䜙Ꮫ䜃䠈⮬䜙⪃䛘䠈୺యⓗ
䛻ุ᩿䛧䠈䜘䜚䜘䛟ၥ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛩䜛㈨㉁䜔⬟ຊ䜢
⫱ᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸
¾
Ꮫ䜃᪉䜔䜒䛾䛾⪃䛘᪉䜢㌟䛻䛴䛡䜛䛣䛸
¾
ၥ㢟䛾ゎỴ䜔᥈✲άື䛻୺యⓗ䠈๰㐀ⓗ䠈༠ྠ
ⓗ䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐ែᗘ䜢⫱䛶䜛䛣䛸
¾
⮬ᕫ䛾⏕䛝᪉䜢⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸
୍᪉䛷䠈⟬ᩘ䞉ᩘᏛ[18],[19],[20] 䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦
䛜ྛᰯ✀䛷ඹ㏻䛾┠ᶆ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈ྛᰯ✀䛻䜘䜚␗
䛺䜛┠ᶆ䛜ᐃ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
y
y
ᑠᏛᰯ⟬ᩘ⛉[18] 䠖⟬ᩘⓗάື䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈ᩘ㔞䜔ᅗᙧ䛻
䛴䛔䛶䛾ᇶ♏ⓗ䞉ᇶᮏⓗ䛺▱㆑ཬ䜃ᢏ⬟䜢㌟䛻䛴䛡䠈
᪥ᖖ䛾஦㇟䛻䛴䛔䛶ぢ㏻䛧䜢ᣢ䛱➽㐨䜢❧䛶䛶⪃䛘䠈
⾲⌧䛩䜛⬟ຊ䜢⫱䛶䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈⟬ᩘⓗάື䛾ᴦ䛧䛥䜔
ᩘ⌮ⓗฎ⌮䛾䜘䛥䛻Ẽ䛵䛝䠈㐍䜣䛷⏕ά䜔Ꮫ⩦䛻ά⏝
䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛ែᗘ䜢⫱䛶䜛
୰ᏛᰯᩘᏛ⛉[19] 䠖ᩘᏛⓗάື䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈ᩘ㔞䜔ᅗᙧ䛺
䛹䛻㛵䛩䜛ᇶ♏ⓗ䛺ᴫᛕ䜔ཎ⌮䞉ἲ๎䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾⌮ゎ
䜢῝䜑䠈ᩘᏛⓗ䛺⾲⌧䜔ฎ⌮䛾௙᪉䜢⩦ᚓ䛧䠈஦㇟䜢ᩘ
⌮ⓗ䛻⪃ᐹ䛧⾲⌧䛩䜛⬟ຊ䜢㧗䜑䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᩘᏛⓗά
ື䛾ᴦ䛧䛥䜔ᩘᏛ䛾䜘䛥䜢ᐇឤ䛧䠈䛭䜜䜙䜢ά⏝䛧䛶⪃䛘
䛯䜚ุ᩿䛧䛯䜚䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛ែᗘ䜢⫱䛶䜛䠊
㧗➼ᏛᰯᩘᏛ⛉[20] 䠖ᩘᏛⓗάື䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈ᩘᏛ䛻䛚䛡
䜛ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ᴫᛕ䜔ཎ⌮䞉ἲ๎䛾య⣔ⓗ䛺⌮ゎ䜢῝䜑䠈
஦㇟䜢ᩘᏛⓗ䛻⪃ᐹ䛧⾲⌧䛩䜛⬟ຊ䜢㧗䜑䠈๰㐀ᛶ䛾
ᇶ♏䜢ᇵ䛖䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᩘᏛ䛾䜘䛥䜢ㄆ㆑䛧䠈䛭䜜䜙䜢✚ᴟ
ⓗ䛻ά⏝䛧䛶ᩘᏛⓗㄽᣐ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶ุ᩿䛩䜛ែᗘ䜢⫱
䛶䜛䠊
2.2. ⏕䛝䜛ຊ
Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ [4],[5],[6] 䛿䠈䛂⏕䛝䜛ຊ䛃䛾⫼ᬒ䛸䛧䛶䠈
21 ୡ⣖䜢䠈᪂䛧䛔▱㆑䞉᝟ሗ䞉ᢏ⾡䛜ᨻ἞䞉⤒῭䞉ᩥ໬䜢䛿
䛨䜑♫఍䛾䛒䜙䜖䜛㡿ᇦ䛷䛾άື䛾ᇶ┙䛸䛧䛶㣕㌍ⓗ䛻㔜
せᛶ䜢ቑ䛩䛂▱㆑ᇶ┙♫఍䛃䛾᫬௦䛸䛧䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺♫఍⎔ቃ
䛾䜒䛸䛷䛾Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ᶆ䛸䛧䛶䛾䛂⏕䛝䜛ຊ䛃䜢ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ᐃ⩏
䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
2.3. ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ
ㄆ▱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ᕷᕝ䜙[21]䛿䠈ᛮ⪃䛻䛚䛡䜛᥎ㄽ䜢䠈
₇⧢ⓗ᥎ㄽ䛸䠈䛭䜜௨እ䛸䛔䛖ព࿡䛷䛾ᗈ⩏䛾ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ
䛸䛻ศ䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊ᕷᕝ䜙[21]䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈₇⧢ⓗ᥎ㄽ䛸䛿䠈ᮏ᮶䠈
᥎ㄽ䛾ṇ䛧䛔᪉ἲ䛜䛒䜚䠈䛭䛾᪉ἲ䛻䛝䛱䜣䛸ᚑ䛔䛥䛘䛩䜜
䜀䠈ᚲ䛪ṇ䛧䛔⟅䛘䛻฿㐩䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ䛸
自律的な学習における目標と手段の調査
䛿䠈ಶ䚻䛾஦౛䛻䜒䛸䛵䛔䛶䠈୍⯡ⓗ䛺ἲ๎䜢ᑟ䛟᥎ㄽ䛷䛒
䜛䛸䛧䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾஦౛䜢᳨ド䛧䛯ᚋ䠈୍⯡ⓗ⤖ㄽ䜢ᑟ䛟䜒䛾
䜢᏶඲ᖐ⣡᥎ㄽ䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾஦౛䜢᳨ド䛫䛪䛻୍⯡ⓗ⤖ㄽ
䜢ᑟ䛟䜒䛾䜢୙᏶඲᥎ㄽ䛸䛧䠈☜⋡᥎ㄽ䠈㢮᥎䠈ᅉᯝ᥎ㄽ䛺
䛹䠈₇⧢ⓗ᥎ㄽ௨እ䛾᥎ㄽ䜢ᗈ⩏䛾ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ䛸ᐃ⩏䛧䛶
䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾᥎ㄽ䛾㐣⛬䛷䛿䠈ᚲ↛ⓗ䛻ㄽ⌮䛜㣕㌍䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻
䛺䜛䛜䠈䛣䜜䜢䠈ṇゎ䜢ᚓ䜛䛯䜑䛾୍㐃䛾ᡭ㡰䛷䛒䜛䜰䝹䝂䝸
䝈䝮䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈䝠䝳䞊䝸䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ஂཎ[22]䛿䠈⮬ศ
䛾᥎ㄽ㐣⛬䜢ព㆑ⓗ䛻ྫྷ࿡䛩䜛཯┬ⓗ䛺ᛮ⪃䛸䛧䛶䠈ḟ䜢
᳨ド䛩䜛䜒䛾䜢䠈ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃䛸䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䛣䜜䛾୰ᚰⓗ䛺ᙺ
๭䛜䠈ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃[22]
¾
䞉᥎ㄽ䛾㐺ษ䛥
¾
䞉᥎ㄽ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᑟฟ䛥䜜䛯ゝ᫂䛾┿ഇ䛾ᗘྜ䛔
¾
䞉᥎ㄽ䛸୚䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛᝟ሗ䛺䛹䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛯ゎ
㔘䛾☜䛛䛥
䜎䛯䠈ᕷᕝ䜙[21]䛿䠈ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃䜢ᩍ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䜢
Ⰻ䛝ᛮ⪃⪅䜔ᕷẸ䛻⫱䛶䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜚䠈䛭䜜䛿䠈ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃
䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛䝇䜻䝹䜢ᩍ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛣䛾᫬䠈ᛮ⪃䝇䜻䝹䛿䠈௚䛾ᩥ⬦䛻㌿⛣ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢๓
ᥦ䛻䠈ᛮ⪃䝇䜻䝹䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲䛰䛡䜢カ⦎䛩䜛䜘䜚䛿䠈䛒䜛ᩥ
⬦䛾ၥ㢟ゎỴ㐣⛬඲య䛾୰䛷ᩍᤵ䛩䜛᪉䛜䠈ຠᯝ䛜㧗䛔䛸
䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯ᜠ⏣[23]䛿䠈๰㐀ⓗᛮ⪃䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈⌧ᐇⓗ䛺䜒
䛾䜢⌧ᐇᛮ⪃䠈㠀⌧ᐇⓗ䛺䜒䛾䜢ෆ㛢ᛮ⪃䛸䛧䠈๰㐀ⓗᛮ
⪃䛿䠈୧⪅䛾୰㛫䛻䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
2.4. ᐇົ⪅ᩍ⫱
䜰䞊䝆䝸䝇[7]䛿䠈ᐇົ⪅䛾Ꮫ⩦䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈Ꮫ⾡ⓗ䛺◊✲⪅
䛜㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯ᢏ⾡䜢䠈ᐇົ⪅䛜䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸䛧䛶ᐇ⾜䛧䛶
䜖䛟୰䛷䠈䛭䛾౑⏝ἲ䛻⩦⇍䛧䛶䜖䛟䛸䛔䛖䝰䝕䝹䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈
ᐇົ⪅䛸◊✲⪅䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿␗䛺䜛⫋ົ䛻ᦠ䜟䜛ᐇົ⪅ྠኈ
䛾䝁䝷䝪䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈ኚ㠉䛜⏕䜏ฟ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䝰䝕
䝹䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䠈௒᪥䛾ᐇົᐙᩍ⫱䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛䠈ᐇົ⪅䛾Ꮫ䜃
䜢᫂♧ⓗ䛻ព࿡䛵䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊䜰䞊䝆䝸䝇䛾Ꮫ⩦䝰䝕䝹䛿䠈ၥ
㢟䛾䛒䜛⎔ቃ䛻ᑐ䛧䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛜䠈᫬䛻ヨ⾜㘒ㄗ䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧䛴
䛴䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛻ၥ㢟䜢ゎỴ䠄inquire䠅䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䠈䝕䝳䞊䜲[14]
䛾䝰䝕䝹䜢ᇶ♏䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䝉䞁䝀[8]䛿䠈ᐇົ⪅䛻䜘䜛
⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛻䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮ᛮ⪃䜢ᣢ䛱㎸䜏䠈≀ὶ䞉䝬䞊䜿䝔
䜱䞁䜾➼䜢㢟ᮦ䛸䛧䛯ືⓗ䛺䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢⏝䛔䛴䛴䠈௻
ᴗ䛾㛗ᮇⓗ䛺⏕Ꮡ䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾⤌⧊䛾Ꮫ⩦䛾᪉␎䜢
ᥦ᱌䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛿䠈ᩍᤵ⪅䛛䜙䛾୍᪉ⓗ䛺᝟ሗఏ㐩䛸
䛔䛖ᩍ⫱䛸䛿␗䛺䜛ᙧᘧ䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᴟ➃䛺౛䛷䛿䠈
ᐇ♫఍䛾୰䛻䛣䛭䠈Ꮫ䜃䛜䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䠈ᩍᐊ䛸䛔䛖㛢䛦䛥䜜䛯
ேᕤⓗ䛺✵㛫䛻䛚䛡䜛ᩍ⫱䜢ྰᐃ䛧䛯䜲䝸䝑䝏[24]䛺䛹䛾౛䜒
䛒䜛䠊
2.5. 㡿ᇦᅛ᭷䛾ᩍ⫱
䝫䝸䜰[9],[10]䛿䠈ᩘᏛᩍ⫱䛾┠ⓗ䜢䠈ၥ㢟ゎỴ䛸䛧䛯䛖䛘䛷䠈
ၥ㢟䛾ゎἲ䛾䝟䝍䞊䞁໬䜢ヨ䜏䛷䛔䜛䠊䝫䝸䜰䛾ゝ䛖䝟䝍䞊
䞁䛸䛿䠈ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚᮲௳䜢㝈ᐃ䛧䛺䛔ᗈ⠊䛺✀㢮䛾ၥ㢟䛻
ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ၥ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛷䛝䜛」ᩘ䛾ᢏἲ䜢⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛯ၥ㢟
ゎἲ䛾䝅䝘䝸䜸䛷䛒䜛䠊Ꮫ⩦⪅䛜䛣䜜䜢ᐇ㊶䛧ၥ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛩
䜛䛻䛿䠈䛟䜚䛛䛘䛧䛻䜘䜛ྛᢏ⬟ཬ䜃ゎἲ䜈䛾⩦⇍䛜୙ྍḞ
䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᗈ⠊䛺ᩘᏛ䛾㡿ᇦ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈Ꮫ⩦
⪅䛜㌟䛻䛴䛡䜛䜉䛝ෆᐜ䜢䠈㞟⣙䛧䜘䛖䛸䛔䛖ヨ䜏䛿䠈௚䛻䜒
95
䜏䜙䜜䜛䠊∦᱒[25],[26] 䛿䠈䝫䝸䜰䜋䛹᫂☜䛻ၥ㢟ゎỴ䜢Ꮫ⩦
䛾┠ⓗ䛻ᤣ䛘䛶䛿䛔䛺䛔䛜䠈ᩘᏛ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛻䛚䛔䛶ᚲせ䛸ᛮ
䜟䜜䜛ᢏἲ䜢䠈䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈ᩘ㔞໬䠈㢮᥎䠈ᖐ⣡䛺䛹䛸䛧䛶䠈ᩚ
⌮䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᯇ⏣[27]䛿䠈ẚ㍑ⓗ䝫䝸䜰䛻㏆䛟䠈ၥ㢟ゎỴ䜢᫂
☜䛻Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ⓗ䛻ᤣ䛘䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䝫䝸䜰䜋䛹䠈ၥ㢟ゎἲ䜢つ
ᐃ䛫䛪䠈䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾☜ㄆ㡯┠䛾ᥦ♧䛻䛸䛹䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈
ၥ㢟ゎỴ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾⮬ᚊⓗ䛺ᛮ⪃ᨭ᥼䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛
䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊୍᪉䠈㐲ᒣ[28]䛿䠈ᩘᏛ䛾య⣔䜈䛾⌮
ゎ䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䠈ᩘ䜔ㄽ⌮䛾Ꮫ⩦䜢㔜ど䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦䜢ᥦ
᱌䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㐲ᒣ[28]䛿䠈1950 ᖺ௦䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᩘᏛ䛚䜘䜃⟬ᩘ
ᩍ⫱䛻䛚䛡䜛⏕ά༢ඖᏛ⩦䠄ၟရ䛾㉎㈙䜔㖟⾜䛾ᶍᨃ䛺䛹䠈
⏕ά䛾ሙ㠃䛾୰䛻䠈఍ヰ䜔♫఍ไᗘ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛸⧊䜚஺䛬䛺䛜
䜙ᩘᏛ䜢ᢅ䛖䜘䛖䛺䠈䝕䝳䞊䜲䛾ὶ䜜䜢䛟䜐䠈䜰䝯䝸䜹ᘧ䛾Ꮫ⩦
[34]䛷䛒䜚䠈௒᪥䛾⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛻䜒䛴䛺䛜䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䠅䜢䠈
ᩘᏛ䛾▱㆑䜢᩿∦ⓗ䛻ᢅ䛖䛰䛡䛷䠈ᩘᏛ䛾య⣔ⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛻
᭷ᐖ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䠈᫂☜䛻ྰᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䜲䞁䝎䝇䝖䝸䜰
䝹䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾ศ㔝䛷䛿䠈䝗䜲䝒䛾䝞䜴䝝䜴䝇[11]䛜䠈䛭䜜䜎䛷䠈
య⣔䛯䛶䜙䜜䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯㐀ᙧ䜔ᫎീ䛾⾲⌧᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈
ホ౯ᇶ‽䜢ᐃ䜑䜛䛣䛸䜢ྵ䜐య⣔໬䜢ヨ䜏䛶䛔䜛䠊
3. Ꮫ⩦䛾ᡭẁ
๓❶䛷ᴫほ䛧䛯⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ⓗ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈┠ⓗ䜢ᐇ
⌧䛩䜛Ꮫ⩦䝰䝕䝹䜔Ꮫ⩦䛾ᐇ᪋᪉ἲ䛾஦౛䜢ᴫほ䛩䜛䠊
3.1. 㐍Ṍ୺⩏ᩍ⫱
䝕䝳䞊䜲 [29],[30] 䛾ၥ㢟ព㆑䛿䠈ኚ໬䛩䜛♫఍䛾୰䛷䠈ᕷ
Ẹ䛸䛧䛶୺యⓗ䛻䜅䜛䜎䛖䛣䛸䜢䠈┦஫స⏝ⓗ䛻⎔ቃ䛾ኚ໬
䛸㛵䜟䜚䠈⌧ᐇ䜢㔜ど䛧䛴䛴䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛷䠈ᐇ⌧䛧䛶䜖
䛣䛖䛸䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈௒᪥䛾 DeSeCo[1]䛻䜒┦㏻䛨䜛䜒䛾䛷
䛒䜛䠊䝕䝳䞊䜲䛿䠈20 ୡ⣖ึ㢌䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈኱㔞⏕⏘䛸䛔䛖⛉
Ꮫᢏ⾡䛻䜘䜛ศᴗ䛾㐍⾜䛸䛔䛖♫఍䛾ኚ໬䜢ཷ䛡䛶䠈䛭䜜䜎
䛷䛿䠈᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛻ᚲせ䛺䜒䛾䜔䛷䛝䛤䛸䛿䠈䛩䜉䛶⮬ศ䛷䜎
䛛䛺䜟䜜䛶䛔䛯䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈䛭䜜䜙䛜䠈⮬ศ䛾▱䜙䛺䛔䛸䛣䜝
䛷䛷䛝䛯᪤Ꮡ䛾≀䜢䠈䛧䛟䜏䜔⌮⏤䜒䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䜎䜎䛻䠈୚䛘
䜙䜜䛯ᡭ㡰䛷᧯స䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻⤊ጞ䛧䛶䛧䜎䛖䛣䛸䛜䠈Ẹ୺୺⩏
䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈୺యⓗ䛻ุ᩿䜢ୗ䛧䛶䜖䛟䜉䛝ᕷẸ䛾⫱ᡂ䛻䛸䛳
䛶䠈኱䛝䛺㞀ᐖ䛸䛺䜛䛸䛾ၥ㢟ព㆑䜢ᣢ䛱䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛻⛉Ꮫᢏ
⾡䜔Ṕྐ䜢᥈✲䛩䜛䛂㐍Ṍ୺⩏ᩍ⫱䛃䜢ᥦၐ䠈ᐇ㊶䛧䛯䠊
䝕䝳䞊䜲[14] 䛿䝅䜺䝂኱Ꮫ௜ᒓᑠᏛᰯ䛷䛾ᡭᕤᩍᤵ䛻䛚
䛔䛶䠈ඣ❺䛜䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛺᥈✲䜢⤒䛶䠈⨺ẟ䜢ᥙ䛝ฟ䛩䝢䞁䛾
䛴䛔䛯㐨ල䜢䛂෌Ⓨ᫂䛃䛧䛯䛸ሗ࿌䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䝕䝳䞊䜲䛾᫬௦
䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈⨺ẟ䜢⣳䛠㐨ල䛿䠈ඣ❺䛜⮬ᚊⓗ䛻䛂෌Ⓨ᫂䛃䛧
䛯㐨ල䜘䜚䜒䠈䛿䜛䛛䛻⢭ᕦ䛷⬟⋡䛾Ⰻ䛔㐨ල䛜ᐇ⏝໬䛥䜜
䛶䛔䛯䛿䛪䛷䛒䜚䠈ඣ❺䛾෌Ⓨ᫂⮬య䛻䛿䠈♫఍ⓗ䛺౯್
䛿ⓙ↓䛷䛒䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊ᩍ⫱䛾┠ⓗ䜢䠈᭱᪂䛾䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿
᪤䛻☜❧䛥䜜䛯▱㆑䜔సᴗᡭ㡰䜢㌟䛻䛴䛡䜛䛣䛸䛸䛩䜛䛺䜙
䜀䠈䛣䛾Ꮫ⩦䛿䠈䜎䛳䛯䛟↓ព࿡䛺䛣䛸䛸䛺䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈䝕䝳䞊
䜲䛿䠈ᩍ⫱䛾┠ⓗ䜢䠈ඣ❺䛾⮬ᚊⓗ䛺᥈✲䛸䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䛣䛾
㝈䜚䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈᥈✲䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶䛾㐨ල䛜䠈᭱᪂䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒
䜛䛛ྰ䛛䛿䠈䛿䛳䛝䜚䛸ၥ㢟䛷䛿䛺䛟䛺䜛䠊
䝕䝳䞊䜲䛾䛂㐍Ṍ୺⩏ᩍ⫱䛃䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾⮬ᚊⓗ䛺᥈✲䜢
᫂♧ⓗ䛻ᢅ䛳䛯Ⅼ䛷䠈௒᪥䛾ᩍ⫱䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛䛜䠈ྠ᫬䛻䠈
௒᪥䛻⮳䜛䜎䛷䜒ゎỴ⟇䛜☜❧䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺ၥ㢟䜒
㟢࿊䛥䛫䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
y
Ꮫ⩦䛾ไᚚ䛾ᅔ㞴䛥
Ꮫ⩦䛾ᡂᯝ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾୙☜ᐇᛶ
96
y
網代剛
⮬ᚊⓗ䛺᥈✲䛾ᡂᯝ䛸⌧ᐇ䛸䛾୙ྍศᛶ
䝕䝳䞊䜲䛾䛂㐍Ṍ୺⩏ᩍ⫱䛃䛿䠈䜂䜝䛟䜰䝯䝸䜹䛻ᬑཬ䛧䛶
䜖䛟䛜䠈䛭䜜䛻క䛳䛶䠈䜋䛸䜣䛹↓⛛ᗎ䛺ᩍᐊ䛷䠈ඣ❺䛜⮬
䜙䛾ཎጞⓗ䛺ḧᮃ䛾㉱䛟䜎䜎䛻ᚔᚉ䛩䜛䛾䜢ᨺ⨨䛧䛶䛔䜛≧
ែ䜢䛂㐍Ṍ୺⩏ᩍ⫱䛃䛸⛠䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛺ᴟ➃䛺౛䜒ぢ䜙
䜜䛯[31]䠊䛣䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䝕䝳䞊䜲䛿䠈ほᐹ䜔ุ᩿䛸䛔䛳䛯▱ⓗά
ື䛜䠈ḧᮃ䜢ไ䛩䜛䛸཯ㄽ䛧䛯䛜䠈䛣䛾ၥ㢟䛿䠈௒᪥䛻⮳䜛
䜎䛷䠈⛬ᗘ䛾ᕪ䛣䛭䛒䜜䠈ほᐹ䛥䜜䜛⌧㇟䛷䛒䜚䠈䛣䛾✀䛾Ꮫ
⩦䛾ไᚚ䛾ᅔ㞴䛥䜢➃ⓗ䛻⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛౛䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䜎䛯䛂㐍
Ṍ୺⩏ᩍ⫱䛃䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾ඣ❺䛜䛂෌Ⓨ᫂䛃䛻฿㐩䛷
䛝䜛ヂ䛷䛿䛺䛔䠈䛸䛔䛖䜘䜚䛿䠈䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾ඣ❺䛜䛂෌Ⓨ᫂䛃䛻
⮳䜙䛺䛔䛷䛒䜝䛖䛣䛸䛿䠈᝿ീ䛻㞴䛟䛺䛔䠊䛣䛾ព࿡䛷䠈䝕䝳
䞊䜲䛾ᐇ㊶䛿䠈ᑡ䛺䛛䜙䛼䝸䝇䜽䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈
DeSeCo 䛾ᣦ᦬[1]䛻䜒䛒䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛺᥈✲䜢䠈⌧ᐇ䛾
ᩥ⬦䛛䜙᏶඲䛻ษ䜚㞳䛩䛣䛸䛿䠈ᐜ᫆䛷䛿䛺䛔䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊
䛒䛟䜎䛷ᩍ⫱䛾┠ⓗ䛿⮬ᚊⓗ䛺᥈✲䛸䛧䛺䛜䜙䜒䠈᥈✲䛾ᑐ
㇟䛜䛒䜎䜚䛻⌧ᐇ䛸䛛䛡㞳䜜䛶䛔䜜䜀䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛿ᅔᝨ䛩䜛䛷
䛒䜝䛖䛧䠈᥈✲䛾ᑐ㇟䛜⌧ᐇⓗ䛷䛒䜛䜋䛹䠈᪤▱䛾᝟ሗ䛜Ꮡ
ᅾ䛩䜛䛾䛷䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛿䠈䛭䜜䜙䜢ཧ↷䛩䜛䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䛧䠈
ᩍᤵ⪅䛿䠈䛭䜜䜢Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ⓗ䛾㞀ᐖ䛸䛺䜛⛬ᗘ䜎䛷ᥦ౪䛧
䛶䛧䜎䛖䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䠊
3.2. ༠ྠᏛ⩦
༠ྠᏛ⩦䛸䛿䠈ᑡேᩘ䛾䜾䝹䞊䝥䛻䜘䜛άື䛛䜙䠈᪂䛯䛺
▱ぢ䛾⋓ᚓ䜢ᮇᚅ䛩䜛Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲ䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮡỤ[32]䛿䠈䜾䝹䞊
䝥Ꮫ⩦䛜䛩䛺䜟䛱༠ྠᏛ⩦䛷䛿䛺䛔䛸䛧䛯䛖䛘䛷䠈ḟ䛾ㅖⅬ
䜢Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ᶆ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䝃䞊䝏䛿䠈ᙜ஦⪅䛜⏕㌟䜢䛥䜙䛧䠈⏕ά䜢䛛䛡䛶䛔䜛ᐇ㊶䛻
◊✲⪅䛜௓ධ䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈ᑟධ䛻䛿ៅ㔜䛻䛺䜙䛺䛡䜜䜀䛔䛡
䛺䛔䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈䜰䜽䝅䝵䞁䝸䝃䞊䝏䛿䠈༠ྠᏛ⩦
䛸ྠ䛨䛟䠈ᑐ㇟⪅䛸䛾ಙ㢗㛵ಀ䜢䛝䜟䜑䛶㔜ど䛩䜛≉ᚩ䛜䛒
䜛䠊
3.3. ⤒㦂Ꮫ⩦
䝁䝹䝤 [34] 䛿䠈⤒㦂Ꮫ⩦䛾୺䛯䜛ᵓᡂせ⣲䜢ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ᐃ
䜑䠈ᚠ⎔ⓗᏛ⩦䝰䝕䝹䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
䝁䝹䝤䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈⤒㦂Ꮫ⩦䛿䠈䝕䝳䞊䜲 [29],[30] 䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈
Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾⮬ᚊⓗ䛺᥈✲䛜Ꮫ⩦䛾ሙ䛻ྲྀ䜚ධ䜜䜙䜜䠈䝢䜰䝆
䜵[35]䜔䠈䝣䝺䞊䝧䝹[12],[13]䛻䜘䜛䠈⤒㦂䛻䜘䜛▱㆑ᵓ㐀䠄䝅䜵
䝬䠅䛾⋓ᚓ䛸䛔䛖䝰䝕䝹䛻䜘䛳䛶⿵ᙉ䛥䜜䠈⤒㦂䜢▱㆑໬䛩
䜛ᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶䠈䜰䜽䝅䝵䞁䝸䝃䞊䝏[33]䠈༠ྠᏛ⩦[32]䛺䛹䛾䠈䜾
䝹䞊䝥䝎䜲䝘䝭䜽䝇䛾▱ぢ䛜⏝䛔䜙䜜䛯䛸䛥䜜䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䜢⤫
ྜ䛩䜛䛸䠈⤒㦂䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜䛯⤖ᯝ䜢䠈཯┬ⓗ䠄➨୕⪅ⓗ䛻䠅䛻
ほᐹ䛧䠈ලయⓗ䛺ほᐹ䛾⤖ᯝ䜢䠈ᢳ㇟ⓗ䛺ᴫᛕ䛸䛧䠈䛭䛾ᴫ
ᛕ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ḟ䛾⾜ື䜢ィ⏬䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䠈ḟ䛾 4 䛴䛾
ẁ㝵䜢ᚠ⎔䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈⤒㦂䛛䜙▱㆑䜢ᢳฟ䛩䜛Ꮫ⩦䝰䝕
䝹䛜ᡂ䜚❧䛴䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
y
༠ྠᏛ⩦䛾┠ᶆ[32]
¾
୺యⓗ䛷⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ䜃䛾ᵓ䛘
¾
☜䛛䛷ᖜᗈ䛔▱ⓗ⩦ᚓ
¾
୰㛫䛸䛸䜒䛻ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛻ྥ䛛䛖䛣䛸䛾䛷䛝䜛ᑐே
ᢏ⬟
¾
௚⪅䜢ᑛ㔜䛩䜛Ẹ୺ⓗ䛺ែᗘ
䜎䛯ᮡỤ[32] 䛿䠈༠ྠᏛ⩦䜢ᡂຌ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅
䛸ᩍᤵ⪅䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅㛫䛻䠈⮬⏤䛻Ⓨゝ䛧䛶䜒኱୔ኵ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔
䛖ಙ㢗㛵ಀ䜢ᵓ⠏䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜୙ྍḞ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈
ᩍᤵ⪅䠈䛯䛰༢䛻䛂⮬⏤䛻Ⓨゝ䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛔䛃䛸䜰䝘䜴䞁䝇䛩
䜛䛸䛔䛳䛯ᙧᘧⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾Ⓨゝ䜢୍᪉
ⓗ䛻ྰᐃ䛧䛺䛔䠈䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑⏝ព䛧䛯ṇゎ䛻ㄏᑟ䛧䛺䛔䛣䛸
䛺䛹䜢䠈ែᗘ䠈ゝື䛻⮳䜛䜎䛷䠈ᚭᗏ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔
䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺༠ྠᏛ⩦䛸ྠᵝ䛾ᡭἲ䛷䠈ᐇ㝿䛾ၥ㢟ゎỴ䜢
ᮇᚅ䛩䜛ᡭἲ䛜䠈䜰䜽䝅䝵䞁䝸䝃䞊䝏䛷䛒䜛䠊▮Ᏺ[33]䛿䠈䜰䜽
䝅䝵䞁䝸䝃䞊䝏䛾≉ᚩ䜢ḟ䛾ㅖⅬ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
y
䜰䜽䝅䝵䞁䝸䝃䞊䝏䛾≉ᚩ[33]
¾
┠ᶆ䛸䛩䜛♫఍ⓗ≧ែ䛾ᐇ⌧䜈ྥ䛡䛯ኚ໬䜢ᚿ
ྥ䛧䛯ᗈ⩏䛾ᕤᏛⓗ䞉౯್᠜⫾ⓗ䛺◊✲
¾
┠ᶆ≧ែ䜢ඹ᭷䛩䜛◊✲ᑐ㇟⪅䛸◊✲⪅䠄཮᪉
ྵ䜑䛶ᙜ஦⪅䠅䛻䜘䜛ඹྠᐇ㊶ⓗ䛺◊✲
䜎䛯䠈䜰䜽䝅䝵䞁䝸䝃䞊䝏䛷ᑟ䛛䜜䜛ゎ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈▮Ᏺ [33]
䛿䛂ṇゎ䛃䛷䛿䛺䛟䛂ᡂゎ䛃䛸䛔䛖ゝⴥ䜢⏝䛔䠈༠ྠⓗ䛺ᐇ㊶
䛾୰䛛䜙ゎ䜢ᵓᡂ䛧䛶䜖䛟䛣䛸䜢ᙉㄪ䛧䠈䛥䜙䛻䠈䜰䜽䝅䝵䞁䝸
⤒㦂Ꮫ⩦䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛せ⣲[34]
¾
䝕䝳䞊䜲䛻䜘䜛⤒㦂
¾
䝢䜰䝆䜵䛻䜘䜛Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵䛾䝰䝕䝹
¾
䝺䜴䜱䞁䛻䜘䜛䜾䝹䞊䝥䝎䜲䝘䝭䜽䝇
ᚠ⎔ⓗᏛ⩦䝰䝕䝹[30]
¾
⤒㦂 CE (Concrete Experience)
¾
ほᐹ RO (Reflective Observation)
¾
ᴫᛕ AC (Abstract Conceptualization)
¾
᳨ド AE (Active Experimentation)
3.4. ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ䛷䛾ᐇ㊶
Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ[15],[16],[17] 䛿䠈⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛾ᐇ᪋䛻
䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈ලయⓗ䛺ෆᐜ䛿䠈ྛᰯ䛻䛚䛡䜛⮬୺ⓗ䛺ィ⏬
䛻ጤ䛽䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛻㝈䜙䛪䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦
䛷䛿䠈ᩍᤵ⪅䜔ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵䛻䜘䜛⊂⮬䛾ᤵᴗ᪉ἲ䛜䛸䜙䜜䜛
䜒䛾䛜ከ䛔䠊䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫே㛫⥲ྜ䝉䞁䝍䞊[36]䛿䠈
༓ⴥ┴㤋ᒣᕷ❧໭᮲ᑠᏛᰯ䛻䛚䛡䜛 60 ᖺ௨ୖ⥅⥆䛧䛶䛔
䜛⥲ྜᏛ⩦䜢ሗ࿌䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䜜䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈ኴᖹὒᡓத┤
ᚋ䛾ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉[37]䜢ዎᶵ䛸䛧䛶䠈඲ᅜ䛻」ᩘ䛾⥲ྜᏛ⩦䛻⢭
ຊⓗ䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐Ꮫᰯ䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯[38]䛜䠈໭᮲ᑠᏛᰯ䛾஦౛䛿䠈
௒᪥䛻⮳䜛䜎䛷䠈୍㈏䛧䛶⏕ά䛾ᐇ㊶䛸Ꮫ⩦䜢⤖䜃䛴䛡䜛
Ꮫ⩦䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䠄䛭䜜䜙䛿䠈◊✲Ⓨ⾲䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈㐠ື఍䜔
༞ᴗᘧ䛺䛹䛾බᘧ䛾Ꮫᰯ⾜஦䛾௻⏬䛾୍㒊䜢ඣ❺䛻䜘䜛⮬
ᚊⓗ䛺ヰ䛧ྜ䛔䛻ጤ䛽䜛䛺䛹䛾άື䜢ྵ䜐䠅䛾䠈㛤Ⓨ䞉ᨵⰋ
䛚䜘䜃ᐇ㊶䜢⥆䛡䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䜜䜙䛜䠈⌧ሙ䛾ᩍ⫋ဨ䛾⮬ᚊⓗ
άື䛻䜘䛳䛶⥅⥆䛧䛶䛔䜛Ⅼ䛷䠈බ❧ᑠᏛᰯ䛸䛧䛶䛿␗౛䛷
䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛 [36] 䠊㔝ᔱ [39] 䛿䠈໭᮲ᑠᏛᰯ䛾஦౛䜢ᘬ⏝䛧
䛴䛴䠈ඃ䜜䛯䛸䛥䜜䜛䜒䛾䜢䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁䛷ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺
䛟䠈⌧ሙ䛷䛾ᐇ㊶䛾✚䜏㔜䛽䛻䜘䛳䛶䜒ඃ䜜䛯䜒䛾䛜⏕䜏ฟ
䛫䜛䛸䛧䠈⌧ሙ䛻䜘䜛ᐇ㊶䛾ຠᯝ䠈䛚䜘䜃άື䜢⥅⥆䛥䛫䜛
௙⤌䜏䛾㔜せᛶ䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
自律的な学習における目標と手段の調査
97
3.5. Ⓨ᝿ἲ
3.8. 䝀䞊䝭䞁䜾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁
Ⓨ᝿ἲ䛿䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛺䜾䝹䞊䝥άື䠈୺䛻䝕䜱䝇䜹䝑䝅䝵䞁
䛺䛹䛻䠈䛒䜛✀䛾ᙧᘧ䜢タ䛡䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈┠ᶆ䛻ྥ䛛䛳䛶䠈ຠ⋡
ⓗ䛻ᶵ⬟䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛾ไᚚ᪉ἲ䛸䜒䛸䜙䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊㧗
ᶫ[23]䛿䠈Ⓨ᝿ἲ䜢ḟ䛾 4 䛴䛻ศ㢮䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䝀䞊䝭䞁䜾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁[43]䛿䠈1960 ᖺ௦䛻䜰䝯䝸䜹䜢୰
ᚰ䛻Ⓨ㐩䛧䛯䠈ၥ㢟ゎỴᢏἲ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈㒔ᕷ䛻䛚䛡
䜛෌㛤Ⓨၥ㢟䛺䛹䠈ே㛫䛜௓ᅾ䛩䜛」㞧䛺䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢䠈௬᝿
䛾ୡ⏺䛾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛷෌⌧䛧䠈┦஫䛻␗䛺䜛❧ሙ䜢⌮
ゎ䛧䛒䛔䠈ၥ㢟䛾ゎỴ⟇䜢ᵓᡂⓗ䛻ᑟฟ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷
䛒䜛䠊䝀䞊䝭䞁䜾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛿䠈ၥ㢟䛾ゎỴ⟇䜢䠈ᵓᡂ
ⓗ䛻ᑟฟ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛Ⅼ䛷䠈䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗䛸䛾ඹ㏻Ⅼ䛜䜏䜙
䜜䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈1990 ᖺ௦䛻䛿䠈䜶䞁䝍䝔䜲䞁䝯䞁䝖䛾䝀䞊䝮〇స
௻ᴗ䛜䠈䝀䞊䝭䞁䜾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁ⓗ䛺䝋䝣䝖䜢㛤Ⓨ䞉㈍኎䛧
䛶䛔䛯஦౛䜒䛒䜛[44]䠊
y
Ⓨ᝿ἲ䛾ศ㢮[23]
¾
Ⓨᩓⓗᛮ⪃䠄Ⓨᩓᢏἲ䠅
¾
཰᮰ⓗᛮ⪃䠄཰᮰ᢏἲ䠅
¾
Ⓨᩓ䛸཰᮰䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䠄⤫ྜᢏἲ䠅
¾
๰㐀ⓗ䛺ែᗘ䜢㣴ᡂ䠄ែᗘᢏἲ䠅
㧗ᶫ[23]䛿䠈≉䛻Ⓨᩓⓗᛮ⪃䛸཰᮰ⓗᛮ⪃䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䜰䜲
䝕䜱䜰䜢䛯䛟䛥䜣ฟ䛧䠈㑅ᢥ⫥䜢ᗈ䛢䜛Ⓨᩓᛮ⪃䛸䠈䛭䜜䜙䜢
ホ౯䞉⤫ྜ䛩䜛཰᮰ᛮ⪃䛸䜢᫂☜䛻༊ู䛧䛶ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䠈
๰㐀ⓗᛮ⪃䛾኱ཎ๎䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䠈䛣䛾༊ู䛜䛒䛔䜎䛔䛺ሙྜ䠈
䜰䜲䝕䜱䜰䜢ᗈ䛢䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸䛝䛻䚸ᢈุ䜔㑅ู䜢䛧
䛶䛧䜎䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈䜰䜲䝕䜱䜰䛜ጤ⦰䛧䛶䛧䜎䛔䠈཯ᑐ䛻䜰䜲䝕䜱
䜰䜢㞟⣙䛧䠈ḟ䛾ẁ㝵䛻㐍䜐䜉䛝䛸䛝䛻䚸䛔䛴䜎䛷䜒㆟ㄽ䛜
⥆䛟䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛺䠈ຠ⋡䛾ᝏ䛔≧ែ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛖䛸ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔
䜛䠊
3.6. Learning by Doing
䝅䝱䞁䜽[40]䛿䠈䜲䞁䝇䝖䝷䜽䝅䝵䝘䝹䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾ᩥ⬦䛷䠈⮬
ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛾᪉ἲㄽ䜢ᥦ᱌䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄 GBS䠖Goal Base
Scenario䠅䠊GBS 䛿䠈ḟ䛾 7 䛴䛾せ⣲䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛䠊
y
GBS Design[40]
¾
Learning Goals
¾
Mission
¾
Cover Story
¾
Role
¾
Scenario Operations
¾
Resources
¾
Feedback
䝅䝱䞁䜽[40]䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻䝭䝑䝅䝵䞁䛸ึᮇ᮲௳䠈㈨※䠈㑅ᢥ
⫥䜢୚䛘䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛻䝭䝑䝅䝵䞁䛾㐩ᡂ䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛶άື䛥䛫䜛䛸
䛔䛖䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈Ꮫ⩦䛾䝂䞊䝹䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛯䝭䝑䝅
䝵䞁䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛺䝭䝑䝅䝵䞁㐩ᡂ䛷䛒䜚䠈䛣䜜䜢䛂䝂䞊䝹䛃
䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊GBS 䛿䠈e 䝷䞊䝙䞁䜾䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈䝅䝸䜰䝇䝀䞊䝮
[41]䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛Ꮫ⩦䝋䝣䝖䛻䜒ᛂ⏝䛥䜜䛯౛䛜䛒䜛䠊
3.7. 䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗
䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗[42]䛿䠈20 ୡ⣖๓༙䛻䠈䝝䞊䝞䞊䝗኱Ꮫ䛷䠈
⤒Ⴀ኱Ꮫ㝔⏝䛾䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛸䛧䛶య⣔໬䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
ከᵝ䛺஦౛䜢ᢅ䛖ἲᚊ኱Ꮫ㝔䛻䛚䛡䜛ุ౛◊✲䛾ᡭἲ䛻䛺
䜙䛳䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈ᯫ✵䜎䛯䛿ᐇᅾ䛾ၥ㢟䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛஦౛
䠄䜿䞊䝇䠅䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ᙜヱၥ㢟䛾ゎỴ⟇䜢䠈ᩍᖌ䛻䜘䜛ㅮ⩏
䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈Ꮫ⏕䛻䜘䜛ウㄽ䛷ᵓᡂⓗ䛻ᑟ䛝ฟ䛩ᤵᴗᙧᘧ䛷
䛒䜛䠊㧗ᮌ[42]䛿䠈䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛䝕䜱䝇䜹䝑䝅䝵䞁䛜䠈
⮬䜙Ⓨゝ䛧䠈┦஫䛻⌮ゎ䛧䠈ᑐ❧䛧䠈᪂䛯䛺⌮ゎ䜢స䜚ୖ䛢
䜛㐣⛬䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䠈䛣䜜䛜䠈ಶ䛾ᑛ㔜䛸䠈㛵ಀᛶ䛻䜘䜛๰㐀䛸
䛔䛖䠈᪂䛯䛺䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾ᙧែ䛸䛺䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
3.9. PBL
௒᪥䠈PBL 䛿䠈Problem Based Learning䠈䜎䛯䛿䠈
Project Based Learning 䛸 」 ᩘ 䛾 ྡ ⛠ 䛜 䜏 䜙 䜜 䜛 䠊
Problem Based Learning 䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䛷䛿䠈1990 ᖺ௦ᮎ㡭
䛛䜙䠈┳ㆤ䛾ศ㔝䜢୰ᚰ䛻◊✲ሗ࿌䜢ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛[45]䠊
Problem Based Learning 䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻䜘䜛⮬ᚊⓗ䛺䝕䜱
䝇䜹䝑䝅䝵䞁䜢⤒䛶䠈ၥ㢟䛾ゎỴ⟇䜢ᵓᡂⓗ䛻ᑟฟ䛩䜛䜒䛾
䛷䛒䜛[46]䠊䛣䛾Ⅼ䛷䠈༠ྠᏛ⩦[32]䠈䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗[42]䠈䝀䞊䝭
䞁䜾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 [43] ➼䛸ඹ㏻Ⅼ䛜ぢ䛔䛰䛫䜛䠊୍᪉䠈
Project Based Learning 䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䛷䛿䠈2000 ᖺ௦䛻䠈๰
㐀ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䛾₇⩦ᢏἲ䛸䛧䛶◊✲ሗ࿌䜢ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷
䛝 䜛 [47],[48] 䠊 Problem Based Learning䠈 Project Based
Learning 䛔䛪䜜䛾ሙྜ䜒䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻䜘䜛⮬ᚊⓗ䛺άື䜢⤒
䛶ఱ䜙䛛䛾ゎ䜢ᵓᡂⓗ䛻ᑟ䛝ฟ䛩Ⅼ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈኱䛝䛺㐪
䛔䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛[47],[48],[49],[50],[51],[52]䠊
4. ⪃ᐹ
4.1. ㌿⛣
䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻䜘䜛䠄≉ᐃ䛾ᩥ⬦䛷䠅
⋓ᚓ䛧䛯䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾㌿⛣䞉㐺ᛂ䛻㔜䛝䛜⨨䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛
䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛䠊䜔䜔ᴟ➃䛺ゝ䛔᪉䜢䛩䜜䜀䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬㌟䛜䠈㌿
⛣ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢▱䜚䠈䛭䛾䝁䞁
䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜ఱ䛷䛒䜛䛛䠈䛥䜙䛻䛿䠈⮬䜙䛾⨨䛛䜜䛯ᩥ⬦䛻
䛴䛔䛶䜒䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬㌟䛜ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ồ䜑䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻䜒
ぢ䛘䜛䠊䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䜢ᩍ⫱䛾ᐇ㊶䛻ά⏝䛩䜛ሙ
ྜ䛾ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵䛾ᙺ๭䛿䠈ᅛᐃⓗ䛺䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢ᥦ♧䛩
䜛䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈DeSeCo 䛾ᐃ䜑䜛 3 䛴䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䜢ཧ⪃䛻䠈
Ꮫ⩦⪅䛜䠈⮬䜙䛾⨨䛛䜜䛯ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛡䜛䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢ᐃ
⩏䛧䜔䛩䛔䜘䛖䛺䠈䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䜔䝰䝕䝹䜿䞊䝇䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿䜹
䜴䞁䝉䝸䞁䜾➼䛾ᨭ᥼䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖ぢ᪉䜒䛷䛝䜛䠄䛧䛛䛧䠈䛣䜜
䜢ᐇ㊶䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻┦ᙜ⛬ᗘ䛾ᢏ⬟䛜ồ
䜑䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䜒ឤ䛨䜛䠊䛒䜛䛔䛿䠈䛣䛖䛧䛯༳㇟䜒䠈DeSeCo
䛻䛚䛡䜛 CCP 䛾 12 䛛ᅜ䛸䠈ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾ᩥ⬦䛾㐪䛔䛺䛾䛛䜒
▱䜜䛺䛔䠅䠊
୍᪉䛷䛂⏕䛝䜛ຊ䛃䛿䠈䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛸ẚ䜉䜛䛸䠈
ෆᐜ䛜ᅛᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹ⓗ䛺㐠⏝䛜䛧䜔䛩䛔༳㇟
䛷䛒䜛䠊ὀ┠䛩䜉䛝䛿䠈⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛻䛚䛡䜛᥈✲䛸䛾ᑐẚ
䛷䠈ᇶ♏䞉ᇶᮏ䜢ᢸᙜ䛩䜛䛸䛥䜜䜛ᩍ⛉䛾ᣦᑟෆᐜ䛻䠈ᢏ⬟
䜢㌟䛻䛴䛡䜛䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈⾲⌧䛧⪃ᐹ䛩䜛⬟ຊ䜢⫱䛶䠈⌧ᐇ
䛾ၥ㢟ゎỴ䛻ᛂ⏝䛩䜛䜎䛷䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾
䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿䛿䠈᥈✲䛩䛺䜟䛱⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䠈⩦
ᚓ䛩䛺䜟䛱ᩍ♧ⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛺༢⣧䛺ศ㢮䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈
᥈✲䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛୰㛫ⓗ䛺㡿ᇦ䜢ᐃ䜑䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䠊ᅛ
᭷䛾ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛡䜛ᩍ⫱䛻䛿䠈䝫䝸䜰䠈ᯇ⏣䠈䝞䜴䝝䜴䝇䛺䛹
䛾஦౛䛜ཧ⪃䛻䛺䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛻ඹ㏻䛩䜛Ⅼ䛿䠈ᗈ⠊䛺㡿ᇦ䛾
98
網代剛
Ꮫ⩦䜢䠈ఱ䛸䛛㞟⣙䛧䠈ຠ⋡໬䛧䜘䛖䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣
䜜䛿䠈ಶู䛾஦౛䛻䠈䛒䜛✀䛾▱㆑䜎䛯䛿ᢏ⬟䛾䝉䝑䝖䜢㌿
⛣䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜚䠈䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛸䜒ඹ㏻Ⅼ䛜ぢ
䛔䛰䛫䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻⪃䛘䜛䛸䠈㌿⛣䛜ྍ⬟䛺ᩥ⬦䛾ᗈ䛥䛻䜘
䛳䛶䠈ᮏ✏䛷ᴫほ䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ᶆ䜢ศ㢮䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ᩥ⬦䛷⋓ᚓ䛥䜜䛯䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛿㌿⛣䛻䜘䛳
䛶䛴䛺䛜䜛䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛺ゎ㔘䛜䛷䛝䜛䠄ᅗ䠍ཧ↷䠅䠊
䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䠈⏕䛝䜛ຊ
ᅗ 2䠖Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ⓗ䛸ᡭẁ䛾ᑐᛂ
4.3. 䜾䝹䞊䝥άື
ᮏ✏䛷ᴫほ䛧䛯䛩䜉䛶䛾Ꮫ⩦ᡭẁ䛾஦౛䛿䠈⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ
⩦䛾ᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶䠈䜾䝹䞊䝥άື䜢⏝䛔䛶䛔䜛䠊⮬ᚊⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦
䛻䜾䝹䞊䝥䝽䞊䜽䛿᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䛛䜒▱䜜䛺䛔䛜䠈၏୍䛾ᡭẁ
䛷䛿䛺䛔䛿䛪䛷䛒䜛䠊཯ᑐ䛻䠈䜾䝹䞊䝥άື䛜Ꮫ⩦䜔άື
䛾㞀ᐖ䛸䛺䜛ሙྜ䜒⪃䛘䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈ᐇົ
䛻䛚䛡䜛䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰㛤Ⓨ䛷䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝯䞁䝞䞊㛫䛾ᴫᛕ
䛾ඹ᭷䠈Ꮫ⩦䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾▱㆑䜔⤒㦂䠈㛵ᚰ䛾㐪䛔䛺
䛹䠈᪥ᖖ䛾୰䛷ᐜ᫆䛻ぢฟ䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
5. ௒ᚋ䛾◊✲
ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ
5.1. ㌿⛣䛾ᨭ᥼
ᩥ⬦ᅛ᭷
ᩥ⬦
ᩥ⬦
ᩥ⬦
ᩥ⬦
ᩥ⬦
ᩥ⬦
ᩥ⬦
ᅗ 1䠖Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ᶆ䛾ศ㢮
4.2. ┠ⓗ䛸ᡭẁ䛾ᑐᛂ
ᮏ✏䛷ᴫほ䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ⓗ䠄2 ❶䠅䛸Ꮫ⩦䛾ᡭẁ䠄3 ❶䠅䛸
䛾ᑐᛂ㛵ಀ䜢⪃䛘䜛䠊4.1 䛷⪃ᐹ䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁
䝅䞊䛃䜔䛂⏕䛝䜛ຊ䛃䛿䠈┤᥋ఱ䛜䛧䛛䛾Ꮫ⩦ᡭẁ䛷㌟䛻䛴
䛡䜛䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈」ᩘ䛾ᩥ⬦䛸Ꮫ⩦ᡭẁ䜢⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛶㌟
䛻䛴䛡䛶䜖䛟䜉䛝䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈3 ❶䛷ᴫほ䛧䛯Ꮫ
⩦ᡭẁ䛿䠈䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗䛻䛚䛡䜛⤒Ⴀ䛾஦౛䜔䠈PBL 䛻䛚
䛡䜛┳ㆤ䜔䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䛸䛔䛳䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛ᩥ
⬦䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䛴䛴䜒䠈༢䛺䜛㡿ᇦᅛ᭷䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾⋓
ᚓ䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈௚䛾㡿ᇦ䜈䛾㌿⛣䜢ど㔝䛻ධ䜜䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛷䛒
䜛䠄䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗䛷䛿䠈⤒Ⴀ䛾஦౛䜢㢟ᮦ䛻䛧䛴
䛴䠈䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛜⫱ᡂ䛷䛝䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠅䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻⪃䛘
䜛䛸䠈3 ❶䛷ᴫほ䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦ᡭẁ䛿䠈ᅗ 1 䛻䛚䛡䜛䛂䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢
䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛂⏕䛝䜛ຊ䛃䛸ᅛ᭷䛾ᩥ⬦䛸䛾୰㛫䛾㡿ᇦ䠈䛯䛸䛘
䜀ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ䛾䛒䛯䜚䜢Ꮫ⩦䛾┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䛶Ⰻ䛔
䛰䜝䛖䠄ᅗ 2 ཧ↷䠅䠊
䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䠈⏕䛝䜛ຊ
ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ
ᩥ⬦ᅛ᭷
ᩥ⬦
㐍Ṍ୺⩏ᩍ⫱
⤒㦂Ꮫ⩦
⌧ሙ䛷䛾ᐇ㊶
Learning By Doing
䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗
䝀䞊䝭䞁䜾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁
PBL
㌿⛣䠄Transfer䠅䛻ὀ┠䛩䜛䠊㌿⛣䛷䛝䜛ᩥ⬦䛜ከ䛔䛸䛿䠈
䛭䜜䛰䛡ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺ၥ㢟䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
y
y
y
┤᥋ⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛜ᅔ㞴䛻䛺䜛
㌿⛣䛜」㞧䛻䛺䜛
Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻㌿⛣䛾㈇Ⲵ䛜䛛䛛䜛
䛥䜙䛻䠈䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛿≉ᐃ䛾ᩥ⬦䛷⋓ᚓ䛥䜜䜛[1] 䛸䛩
䜜䜀䠈≉ᐃ䛾ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛔䛶⋓ᚓ䛥䜜䛯䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢ᐃ
⩏䛧䠈䛭䛾㌿⛣䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛿䠈ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺ຠᯝ䛜ᮇᚅ
䛷䛝䜛䠊
y
Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻䜘䜛䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᐃ⩏䛸㌿⛣䛾ᨭ᥼
¾
⋓ᚓ䛧䛯䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾㌿⛣䛾⠊ᅖ䛾ᣑ኱
¾
䜘䜚㌿⛣䛾⠊ᅖ䛜ᗈ䛔䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾⋓ᚓ
¾
䜿䞊䝇䝯䝋䝑䝗䠈PBL 䛸䛔䛳䛯䠈䜘䜚㌿⛣䛾⠊ᅖ䛜
ᗈ䛔䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾⋓ᚓ䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦䛾ຠ
⋡ᨵၿ
5.2. ᇶ♏ᩍ⫱䛻䛚䛡䜛ᒎ㛤
➹⪅䛿䛣䜜䜎䛷䠈ከᵝ䛺ᩥ⬦䜢䜒䛴ᑓ㛛⫋኱Ꮫ㝔䛻䛚䛔
䛶䠈ᩘᏛ [53],[54] 䠈᧜ᙳᢏἲ [55] ➼䛾ᇶ♏Ꮫ⩦䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛝
䛯䠊䛣䜜䜙䛿䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷ᩘᏛ䛻ぶ䛧䜣䛷䛣䛺䛛䛳䛯
Ꮫ⏕䜈䛾ᕤᏛⓗᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦ᨭ᥼䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷ᫎീ⾲⌧
䛻ぶ䛧䜣䛷䛣䛺䛛䛳䛯Ꮫ⏕䜈䛾ឤᛶⓗᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫ⩦ᨭ
᥼䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛶䛝䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈௚䛾ᩥ⬦䛷᪤䛻㧗䛔䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁
䝅䞊䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛Ꮫ⏕䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䛾㌿⛣ᨭ᥼䜢ᐇ᪋䛷䛝䜜䜀䠈Ꮫ⩦ᨭ᥼䛾ຠ⋡ᨵၿ䜒ᮇᚅ䛷
䛝䜛䠊
䛭䛣䛷䠈䜎䛪䛿䠈㏆᥋䛧䛯ᩥ⬦㛫䛾㌿⛣䛛䜙䠈ᚎ䚻䛻ᩥ⬦
䛾⠊ᅖ䜢ᗈ䛢䛶䜖䛝䠈ᩘᏛ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛛䜙䠈᧜ᙳ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛻㌿⛣
ྍ⬟䛺䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᐃ⩏䠈䛥䜙䛻ᗈ䛔⠊ᅖ䛾ᩥ⬦䜈㌿
⛣ྍ⬟䛺䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᐃ⩏䛸㌿⛣䛾ᨭ᥼䠈䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛺ᙧ
䛷◊✲䜢㐍䜑䛶䜖䛟䠄ᅗ 3䠈ᅗ 4䠈ᅗ 5 ཧ↷䠅䠊
自律的な学習における目標と手段の調査
99
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
㏆᥋䛧䛯ᩥ⬦䠄㌿⛣䛜ᐜ᫆䛺䠅䛷
䞉⋓ᚓ䛧䛯䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᐃ⩏
䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾㌿⛣ᨭ᥼
᳨ᐃ
䠰᳨ᐃ
[2]
[3]
[4]
ɍ2᳨ᐃ
⤫ィ
㐠ື᪉
⛬ᘧ
ᐇ㦂
↷᫂
ホ౯
ᩥ⬦
[5]
ᚤศ
ရ㉁
᧜ᙳ
㐀ᙧ
ᩥ⬦
[6]
ᩘᏛ
ᕤᏛ
ឤᛶ
[7]
⤫ྜ
[8]
ᅗ 3䠖㏆᥋䛧䛯ᩥ⬦㛫䛾㌿⛣
[9]
[10]
ᐇ㦂ィ⏬
䝰䝕䝹໬
ẁ㝵ⓗ䛻㌿⛣䛾⠊ᅖ䜢ᣑ኱
[16]
᳨ᐃ
䠰᳨ᐃ
ɍ2᳨ᐃ
⤫ィ
㐠ື᪉
⛬ᘧ
ᐇ㦂
↷᫂
ホ౯
ᩥ⬦
[17]
ᚤศ
ရ㉁
᧜ᙳ
㐀ᙧ
ᩥ⬦
[18]
ᩘᏛ
ᕤᏛ
[19]
ឤᛶ
[20]
⤫ྜ
[21]
[22]
ᅗ 4䠖㌿⛣䛾⠊ᅖ䜢ᣑ኱
[23]
[24]
ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎ㄽ
[25]
ᐇ㦂ィ⏬
[26]
䝰䝕䝹໬
[27]
᳨ᐃ
䠰᳨ᐃ
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
ɍ2᳨ᐃ
⤫ィ
㐠ື᪉
⛬ᘧ
ᐇ㦂
↷᫂
ホ౯
ᩥ⬦
ᚤศ
ရ㉁
᧜ᙳ
㐀ᙧ
ᩥ⬦
[28]
[29]
[30]
ᩘᏛ
ᕤᏛ
ឤᛶ
⤫ྜ
ᅗ 5䠖኱䛝䛟␗䛺䜛ᩥ⬦㛫䛾㌿⛣
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
6. ㅰ㎡
ᮏ◊✲䛿䠈⛉Ꮫ◊✲✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠䠄ᣮᡓⓗⴌⱆ◊✲ No.
23650547䠅䛾ᨭ᥼䛻䜘䛳䛶⾜䜟䜜䛯䠊
[36]
[37]
[38]
䝗䝭䝙䜽. S. 䝷䜲䝏䜵䞁䞉䝻䞊䝷. H. 䝃䝹䜺䝙䜽䠄❧⏣៞⿱ ヂ䠅䠈
䜻䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䠈2006䠈᫂▼᭩ᗑ䠊
ᆏඖ᪸䠈ᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ䛾ཎ⌮䛸᪉ἲ䠈1984䠈᫂἞ᅗ᭩
W. 䝆䜵䜲䝮䝈 (ᱝ⏣ၨ୕㑻 ヂ)䠈䝥䝷䜾䝬䝔䜱䝈䝮䠈1957䠈
ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈ᑠᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉⥲๎⦅䠈2008䠈ᮾ
ὒ㤋ฟ∧䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈୰ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉⥲๎⦅䠈2008䠈䛞䜗
䛖䛫䛔䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈㧗➼ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉⥲๎⦅䠈2009䠈
ᮾᒣ᭩ᡣ䠊
Chris Argyris, Donald A. Schon, “Organization
Learning II”, 1996, Addison-Wesley Publishing.
䝢䞊䝍䞊䞉M. 䝉䞁䝀 (Ᏺ㒊 ಙஅ ヂ)䠈᭱ᙉ⤌⧊䛾ἲ๎䠈
1995䠈ᚨ㛫᭩ᗑ䠊
G. 䝫䝸䜰䠄ᰘᇉ࿴୕䞉㔠ᒣ㟹ኵ㻌 ヂ䠅䠈ᩘᏛ䛾ၥ㢟䛾Ⓨぢⓗ
ゎ䛝᪉䠍䠈1964䠈䜏䛪䛩᭩ᡣ䠊
G. 䝫䝸䜰䠄ᰘᇉ࿴୕䞉㔠ᒣ㟹ኵ㻌 ヂ䠅䠈ᩘᏛ䛾ၥ㢟䛾Ⓨぢⓗ
ゎ䛝᪉ 2䠈1964䠈䜏䛪䛩᭩ᡣ䠊
୕஭⚽ᶞ䠈᪂ᵓᡂᏛ䠈2006䠈භ⪀♫䠊
䝣䝺䞊䝧䝹䠄Ⲩ஭Ṋヂ䠅䠈ே㛫䛾ᩍ⫱䠄ୖ䠅䠈1964䠈ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ䠊
䝣䝺䞊䝧䝹䠄Ⲩ஭Ṋヂ䠅䠈ே㛫䛾ᩍ⫱䠄ୗ䠅䠈1964䠈ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ䠊
䝕䝳䞊䜲䠄ᐑཎㄔ୍ヂ䠅䠈Ꮫᰯ䛸♫఍䠈1957䠈ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈ᑠᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛾᫬
㛫⦅䠈2008䠈ᮾὒ㤋ฟ∧䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈୰ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛾᫬
㛫⦅䠈2008䠈ᩍ⫱ฟ∧䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈㧗➼ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉⥲ྜⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦䛾
᫬㛫⦅䠈2009䠈ᾏᩥᇽ䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈ᑠᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉⟬ᩘ⦅䠈2008䠈ᮾ
ὒ㤋ฟ∧䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈୰ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉ᩘᏛ⦅䠈2008䠈ᩍ
⫱ฟ∧䠊
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠈㧗➼ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ䞉ᩘᏛ⦅䞉⌮ᩘ⦅䠈
2009䠈ᐇᩍฟ∧䠊
ᕷᕝఙ୍䠈ㄆ▱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䠐ᛮ⪃䠈1996䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍
ஂཎᜨᏊ䞉஭ୖᑦ⨾䞉Ἴከ㔝ㄨవኵ䠈ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ຊ䛸䛭䛾 ᐃ䠈 ㄞ᭩⛉Ꮫ䠈27䠈131-142䠈1983
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๰㐀ඖ♫䠊
∦᱒㔜⏨䠈ᩘᏛⓗ䛺⪃䛘᪉䛾ලయ໬䛸ᣦᑟ䠈2004䠈᫂἞ᅗ
᭩䠊
∦᱒㔜⏨䠈ᩘᏛⓗ䛺⪃䛘᪉䛸䛭䛾ᣦᑟ䠉ᣦᑟෆᐜ䛾య⣔໬
䛸ホ౯䠈2004䠈᫂἞ᅗ᭩䠊
ᯇ⏣⛱ᶞ䞉ከ⬌㈼ኴ㑻䞉ᆏඖ᪸䠈ᩍᤵάື䛾ィ⟬ᶵ䝅䝭䝳䝺
䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻ྥ䛡䛯䝰䝕䝹䛾ᥦ᱌䠈᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ㞧ㄅ䠈15(4)䠈
1992䠊
㐲ᒣၨ䠈ᩘᏛ䛾Ꮫ䜃᪉䞉ᩍ䛘᪉䠈1972䠈ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ䠊
䝕䝳䞊䜲䠄ᯇ㔝Ᏻ⏨ヂ䠅䠈Ẹ୺୺⩏䛸ᩍ⫱䠄ୖ䠅䠈1975䠈ᒾἼ᭩
ᗑ䠊
䝕䝳䞊䜲䠄ᯇ㔝Ᏻ⏨ヂ䠅䠈Ẹ୺୺⩏䛸ᩍ⫱䠄ୗ䠅䠈1975䠈ᒾἼ᭩
ᗑ䠊
䝕䝳䞊䜲䠄ᕷᮧᑦஂヂ䠅䠈⤒㦂䛸ᩍ⫱䠈2004䠈ㅮㄯ♫䠊
ᮡỤಟ἞䠈༠ྠᏛ⩦ධ㛛䠈2011䠈䝘䜹䝙䝅䝲ฟ∧䠊
▮Ᏺඞஓ䠈䜰䜽䝅䝵䞁䝸䝃䞊䝏䠈2011䠈᪂᭙♫䠊
Kolb 䠈 D.A. ,”The Experiential Learning” 䠈 1984,
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Ἴከ㔝ㄨవኵ䠈ㄆ▱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䠑Ꮫ⩦䛸Ⓨ㐩䠈1996䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫ䠊
ฟ∧఍䠊
༓ⴥ┴㤋ᒣᕷ❧໭᮲ᑠᏛᰯ䞉᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫே㛫⥲ྜ䝉䞁䝍䞊䠈
䜅䛰䜣╔䛾⥲ྜᏛ⩦䠈2000䠈➨୍ἲつฟ∧䠊
ᮧ஭ᐇ䠈䜰䝯䝸䜹ᩍ⫱౑⠇ᅋሗ࿌᭩䠈1979䠈ㅮㄯ♫䠊
୰ᮧᜨᏊ䠈᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛⥲ྜ䞉ྜ⛉ⓗᏛ⩦䠈⌧௦♫఍ᩥ໬◊
✲䠈34䠈2005䠊
100
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[39] 㔝ᔱᰤ୍㑻䞉㭯⏣฼㑻䞉㔠᳃⣖༤䞉Ώ㑓῟䠈ඣ❺䞉⏕ᚐ䛾ᡂ
㛗䛸ᩍဨ䛾ᡂ㛗䜢୪⾜ⓗ䛻ᐇ⌧䛩䜛Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱䝅䝇䝔䝮䠈᪥ᮏ
ᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ఍◊✲ሗ࿌㞟䠈JSET12-4䠈2012䠊
[40] Roger C. Schank,Tamara R. Berman,Kimberli,A.
Macpherson,“Lerning by Doing”,Charles M. Reigeluth
Alison,A.Carr-Chellman(Eds.),INSTRUCTIONAL-DES
IGN THEORIES AND MODELS, 1999, Lawrence
Erlbaum Assoc Inc
[41] ⸨ᮏᚭ䠈䝅䝸䜰䝇䝀䞊䝮䠈2007䠈ᮾி㟁ᶵ኱ฟ∧ᒁ
[42] Barns䠈L.B, Christensen, C.R, Hansen , A.J. (㧗ᮌᬕኵ
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[43] ව⏣ᩄஅ䠈♫఍䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠃䝀䞊䝭䞁䜾䠈
2005䠈ඹ❧ฟ∧䠊
[44] ᪂஭₩䠈䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝀䞊䝮㐍໬ㄽ䠈1992䠈ගᰤ䠊
[45] ⣒஭ ᚿὠ஀. ᳃ ⨾ᬛᏊ. ⏿ᑿ ṇᙪ䠈┳ㆤᏛ䛻䛚䛡䜛ၥ㢟
ᇶ┙ᆺᏛ⩦(PBL)䜢⏝䛔䛯䝔䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹ᩍ⫱(1)䝔䝳䞊䝍ホ
౯䛛䜙䜏䛯Ꮫ⏕䛾Ꮫ⩦ഴྥ䠈᪥ᮏ㉥༑ᏐṊⶶ㔝▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ⣖
せ䠈12䠈1999䠊
[46] D. R. 䜴 䝑 䝈 䠄 ᪂ 㐨 ᖾ ᜨ ヂ ) 䠈 PBL(Problem 䇲 based
Learning)䠈2001䠈་Ꮫ᭩㝔䠊
[47] ୰ᮧಇᾈ䞉ᯇᑿဴྖ䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ᆺ᪩ᮇᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱⛉┠䛂㟁Ẽ
㟁ᏊᕤᏛᴫㄽ䛃䠈ᕤᏛᩍ⫱䠈54-3䠈pp19-22䠈2006䠊
[48] ฟᮧබᡂ䞉㇂ṇྐ䞉᭹㒊㝧୍䠈㔠ἑᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛ክ⪃ᡣ
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ᩍ⫱䠈ᕤᏛᩍ⫱䠈54-6䠈pp128-135䠈2006䠊
[49] ⨾㤿䛾䜖䜚䠈኱Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛᪂䛧䛔Ꮫ⩦ほ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯䝥䝻䝆䜵
䜽䝖Ꮫ⩦䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䠈ᕤᏛᩍ⫱䠈57-1䠈pp45-50䠈2009䠊
[50] బ⸨ᏹ௓䞉ᑠ⏣ᆏᏹ୕䞉ஂಖ஭ு୍䠈኱㜰኱Ꮫᇶ♏ᕤᏛ㒊
䛻䛚䛡䜛 PBL ⛉┠䠈ᕤᏛᩍ⫱ 54-3䠈pp46-50䠈2006䠊
[51] ᒸ⏣ᑗே䞉ᮧ୰㈗ᖾ䞉டᒣ೺ኴ㑻䞉໭ᕝᾈ࿴䞉㕥ᮌ⚽࿴䠈␗
ศ㔝⼥ྜᆺ PBL 䛾ᐇ㊶䛸ศᢸไᑟධ䛻䜘䜛ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ䠈ᕤᏛ
ᩍ⫱䠈58-1䠈pp76-82䠈2010䠊
[52] ఀ⸨↷᫂䠈ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ䜢㧗䜑䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ᣦྥᆺᤵᴗ䛻ồ䜑
䜙䜜䜛ᇶ♏ⓗせ௳䠈ᕤᏛᩍ⫱䠈54-6䠈pp122-127䠈2006䠊
[53] ⥙௦๛䞉ᯇ⏣⛱ᶞ䠈䛂ᩘᏛⓗ䛺ぢ᪉䞉⪃䛘᪉䛾ά⏝䛻╔┠䛧
䛯ᩘᏛ⊂⩦ᩍᮦ⏝䛾Ꮫ⩦䝰䝕䝹䛃䠈᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ఍◊✲ሗ
࿌㞟䠈JSET12-3䠈2012䠊
[54] ⥙௦๛䞉ᯇ⏣⛱ᶞ䠈ᩘᏛⓗ䛺ぢ᪉䞉⪃䛘᪉䛾ά⏝䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛
e-learning ᩍᮦ䛸Ꮫ⩦⪅䝰䝕䝹䛾ጇᙜᛶホ౯䠈᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᕤ
Ꮫ఍◊✲ሗ࿌㞟䠈JSET12-4䠈2012䠊
[55] ⥙௦๛䠈AIIT 䛻䛚䛡䜛᧜ᙳ䝇䝍䝆䜸䜢⏝䛔䛯䝕䝄䜲䞁ᩍ⫱䛾
ᐇ㊶ሗ࿌䠈⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ➨ 5 ྕ䠈2011
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.101－106 （2012） 〔論文〕
Home Continuity Plan サービスに関する
平成 23 年度 AIIT-PBL の成果から
川田誠一*・田村百合子*・西垣勇人*・三好きよみ*・黄海蘭*・加府藤茂*
Some Results of AIIT-PBL in 2011 about the Home Continuity Plan Services
Seiichi Kawata*, Yuriko Tamura*, Hayato Nishigaki*,
Kiyomi Miyoshi*, Hailan Huang* and Shigeru Kafuto*
Abstract
Abstract: In this paper, It is shown about some results of AIIT-PBL in 2011. The project is related to
the development of the Home Continuity Plan Services. Here, we propose an evaluation framework of
the HCP (Home Continuity Plan) services by discrete event systems simulation. The HCP (Home
Continuity Plan) service is a new service system for maintaining our daily life safeness by using the
concept and idea of the BCP (Business Continuity Plan) which is the important planning for the
company to continue their business whatever happens in the disaster such like the 3.11 Tohoku
earthquake in Japan. The HCP service in this paper is designed a model-based system integration
technique and described using the OMG SysML. As a new service, it is difficult that the customer of
this service has the any expectations a priori. So, in this paper, we propose the framework that makes
sure how to introduce the customer s expectations and how to evaluate these expectations to produce
or not to produce the real business contract.
Keywords: BCP, Home Continuity Plan, SysML, System integration, Discrete Event Systems, Customer
expectations
1.
はじめに
本論文は，平成 23 年度における産業技術大学院大学産
業技術研究科創造技術専攻における PBL 型授業の成果か
ら取りまとめたものである．本プロジェクトのチーム編成は次
のとおりである．
主担当教員：川田誠一
副担当教員：福田哲夫，佐々木一晋
学生：加府藤茂，黄海蘭，田村百合子，
西垣勇人，三好きよみ
震災など家庭の日常が破壊されるような様々な状況にお
いて，事業継続計画（Business Continuity Plan，以下
BCP と略す）の重要性が指摘されてきた[1]．中小企業庁で
は「中小企業 BCP 策定運用指針」[2]を HP 上で公開してい
るなど，大企業だけではなく，中小企業，ひいては個人の生
活においても，日常の破壊に対処する備えが必要であると
考える．著者らは，個人生活においても，家庭版 BCP といえ
る 家 庭 生 活 継 続 計 画 （ Home Continuity Plan ， 以 下
HCP[3]と略す）の策定が重要であるとの考えに立ち，新サ
ービスとしての HCP サービスを考え，システムインテグレー
ションの視点でモデル化し，新サービスとして提案した[4]．
本報告では，顧客が事前に期待することが不可能な新サ
ービスを提供することの困難さを克服するために，顧客期待
を形成させるサービス[5]を付加することと，そのように付加し
Received on September 25, 2012
*産業技術研究科，School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
たサービスが顧客期待を形成させることを検証する方法とし
て，離散事象システムシミュレーションが有効であることを示
すことを目的として事例を紹介する．
以下 2 章では HCP を提案し，3 章では HCP をモデルベ
ースのシステムインテグレーションにより実現することを前提
として，SysML[6]を用いて HCP サービスをモデル化し，4
章で HCP サービスの事例を提案する．5 章で離散事象シミ
ュレータを用いて提案する HCP サービスなどの新サービス
の評価方法と事例について報告する．
2.
2. HCP サービスの提案
2.1. 日常生活のリスク
現代において人々は，電気・ガス・上下水道といった公共
設備や，電話インターネット等の通信設備・バス鉄道交通と
いった移動手段，および，物流が正常に機能している前提
で日常生活を送っている．
災害時には，これらの機能が一時的．一定期間停止し，
日常最低限の生活を維持するのが危ぶまれる状況となる．
災害のレベル，機能停止する期間により，リスクの大きさが
変わるとともに，それぞれの家庭の背景にも依存して影響の
大きさが異なる．
家庭の日常生活のリスクとその影響については以下のよう
なものがある．
102
川田誠一
䐟
㟁Ẽ䠈䜺䝇䠈ୖୗỈ㐨䛺䛹䝷䜲䝣䝷䜲䞁䛾೵Ṇ
㟁Ẽ䛿ᐙᗞ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈↷᫂䠈㟁ヰ䠈TV䠈PC䠈䛚㢼࿅䛺䛹
ᗈ䛟฼⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑ᗈ⠊ᅖ䛷䛾ᙳ㡪䛜䛒䜛䠊䝬䞁䝅䝵䞁
䛾㧗ᒙ㝵䛷䛿䜶䝺䝧䞊䝍䛾೵Ṇ䠈ᶵᲔᘧ㥔㌴ሙ䛾೵Ṇ䛻䜘
䜚⮬ᐙ⏝㌴䜢ฟ䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛪⛣ື䜒ᅔ㞴䛻䛺䜛䠊ᩘ᫬㛫Ṇ
䜎䛳䛯䛰䛡䛷䜒࿨䛾༴㝤䛻䛥䜙䛥䜜䜛⑓ே䛾䛔䜛ᐙᗞ䛷䛿ᙳ
㡪䛜ᴟ䜑䛶㧗䛔䠊
ୖỈ㐨䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ᩱ⌮䜔ධᾎ䛺䛹䛻ᙳ㡪䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈Ỉ
䛜ධᡭ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛸䝭䝹䜽䜢䛴䛟䜙䜜䛺䛔ஙඣ䛾䛔䜛ᐙᗞ䛷䛿
ᙳ㡪䛜㧗䛔䠊
䐠 㟁ヰ䠈ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ䛺䛹㏻ಙタഛ䛾ᶵ⬟୙඲
⅏ᐖ᫬䛻䛿㍽㍵䜢㑊䛡䜛䛯䜑䛻㏻ಙ䜢ไ㝈䛥䜜䠈㞳䜜䛯
䛸䛣䜝䛻䛔䜛ᐙ᪘䛸㐃⤡䜢䛸䜚䛻䛟䛔≧ែ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䠊䜲䞁䝍
䞊䝛䝑䝖䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䠈䜰䜽䝉䝇䛜㞟୰䛧ᚲせ䛺᝟ሗ䛜ධᡭ䛷
䛝䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖≧ែ䛸䛺䜛䠊㐃⤡䜢䛸䜛䛣䛸䠈≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛣䛸
䛿䠈䛹䛾ᐙᗞ䛷䜒㔜せᛶ䛜㧗䛟䠈ᙳ㡪䛜኱䛝䛔
䐡 ஺㏻ᶵ㛵䛾㯞⑷
໅ົඛ䠈Ꮫᰯ䛺䛹䛛䜙䠈⮬Ꮿ䛻ᖐᏯ䛷䛝䛺䛔䠈ฟ♫䛷䛝䛺
䛔䛸䛔䛖≧ἣ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䠊
䐢 ≀ὶ䛾㯞⑷
䝇䞊䝟䞊䝬䞊䜿䝑䝖䜔䝁䞁䝡䝙䛻⾜䛳䛶䜒䠈⏕άᚲ㟂ရ䛜
ධᡭ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖≧ἣ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䠊䜺䝋䝸䞁䛜ධᡭ䛷䛝䛺䛔
䛸⮬ᐙ⏝㌴䛷䛾⛣ື䛜ᚲ㡲䛷䛒䜛ᐙᗞ䛷䛿ᙳ㡪䛜㧗䛔䠊
䛣䜜䜙䛾䝸䝇䜽䜈䛾ᑐ⟇䛿䠈䜎䛪䛿⏕࿨⥔ᣢ䠈⏕ά⥔ᣢ䛜
䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛜䠈ྛᐙᗞ䛾ᐙ᪘ᵓᡂ䜔䝷䜲䝣䝇䝍䜲
䝹䛻䜘䜚ඃඛᗘ䛜ኚ䜟䛳䛶䛟䜛
2.2. HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᶵ⬟
⥭ᛴ᫬䛻䛚䛡䜛䝸䝇䜽䜢Ὑ䛔ฟ䛧䠈஦๓䛻ᑐ⟇䜢‽ഛ䛧䠈
䛔䛦䛸䛔䛖᫬䛻ᐇ⾜䛩䜛άື䛸䛧䛶䠈఍♫䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿
BCP[1]䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈ᐙᗞ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ྠᵝ䛺άື䜢⾜䛖஦䛜 2.1
䛷㏙䜉䛯䝸䝇䜽䜢ᅇ㑊䛩䜛Ⅽ䛻᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊䛭䛾ά
ື䜢 HCP[3]䠄Home Continuity Plan䠅䛸࿧䜆䠊ཪ䠈䜲䞁䝣
䝷䠈㏻ಙ䠈≀ὶ䛺䛹ಶே䛷䛿᳨ウ䛜㞴䛧䛔䝸䝇䜽䛾ᅇ㑊⟇䜢
䝃䝫䞊䝖䛩䜛Ⅽ䛻䠈㢳ᐈ䜢䝃䝫䞊䝖䛩䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒
䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊䛭䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛸࿧䜆䠊䛣䛾 HCP
䝃䞊䝡䝇䛷ᥦ౪䛩䜛ᶵ⬟䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈௨ୗ䛻ㄝ᫂䛩䜛䠊
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛿䠈HCP సᡂᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇䛸 HCP ᐇ⾜ᨭ
᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾஧䛴䛻኱䛝䛟ศ㢮䛥䜜䜛䠊䛭䜜䛮䜜䛻」ᩘ䛾ᶵ
⬟䛜ྵ䜎䜜䜛䠊
2.2.1. HCP సᡂᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇
HCP సᡂᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇䛸䛿䠈㢳ᐈ䛜 HCP 䜢⌮ゎ䛧䠈䛭䛾
సᡂ䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛿ḟ䛾䠐
䛴䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛䠊
䐟 䝏䜵䝑䜽䝅䞊䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇
㢳ᐈ䛜 HCP 䝏䜵䝑䜽䝅䞊䝖䛻ᅇ⟅䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈⅏ᐖ䛺䛹䛾
⥭ᛴ஦ែ䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䠈᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛾䝸䝇䜽䛾ᩚ⌮䛸䠈⥭ᛴ᫬䛻ྥ
䛡䛶䛾ィ⏬⟇ᐃ䜢ጞ䜑䜛䛣䛸䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䠊
䐠 ┦ㄯ䝃䞊䝡䝇
㢳ᐈ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶 HCP 䛾ᑟධㄝ᫂䜔┦ㄯ䜢ཷ䛡䜛䠊ᑟධᚋ
䛿⥅⥆ⓗ䛺 HCP 䛻㛵䛩䜛┦ㄯ䜢ཷ䛡䛯䜚ᨭ᥼䛧䛯䜚䛩䜛䠊
䐡 HCP 䝉䝭䝘䞊
HCP సᡂᨭ᥼䛻㛵䛩䜛䝉䝭䝘䞊䜢㛤ദ䛩䜛䠊
䐢 䝫䞊䝍䝹䝃䜲䝖
㢳ᐈ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈HCP 䛻㛵䛩䜛᝟ሗ䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䠊
2.2.2. HCP ᐇ⾜ᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇
HCP ᐇ⾜ᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇䛸䛿䠈HCP 䛾ዎ⣙⪅䛜⥭ᛴ᫬䛻
HCP 䜢ᐇ⾜䛩䜛஦䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏ䝃䞊
䝡䝇䛿ḟ䛾 6 䛴䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛䠊
䐟 ᖐᏯᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇
⅏ᐖ᫬䛻䠈ᖐᏯᅔ㞴⪅䛾ᖐᏯ䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䠊
䐠 Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䝃䞊䝡䝇
⅏ᐖ᫬䛻䠈ᐙ᪘䛾Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䠊㻌
䐡 ⏕ά⥔ᣢᚲ㟂ရ䝃䞊䝡䝇㻌
㢳ᐈ䛜⅏ᐖ䛺䛹䛾⥭ᛴ᫬䛾⏕ά⥔ᣢ䛻ᚲせ䛺㣗ရ䜔᪥
⏝ရ䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛஦䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈㢳ᐈ䛜ண⣙䛧䛶䛚䛟䛸
ရ≀䜢⥭ᛴ᫬䛻㓄㏦䛩䜛䠊㻌
䐢 ⅏ᐖ᫬䛾᝟ሗᥦ౪䝃䞊䝡䝇㻌
⅏ᐖ䜔஦ᨾ䛺䛹䛾⥭ᛴ᫬䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䛭䛾⅏ᐖ䜔஦ᨾ䛻㛵
䛩䜛䝸䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮᝟ሗ䜔≧ἣ䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᚲせ䛺▱㆑
䜔䠈≧ἣ䛻ᑐฎ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾᭷⏝䛺䜰䝗䝞䜲䝇䛺䛹䜢ᥦ౪䛩
䜛䠊㻌
䐣 䝷䜲䝣䝷䜲䞁௦᭰䝃䞊䝡䝇
㢳ᐈ䛜⅏ᐖ䛷䝷䜲䝣䝷䜲䞁䛜೵Ṇ䛧䛯᫬䛾䛯䜑䛾௦᭰ᡭ
ẁ䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛஦䛸䠈஦๓䛻ᅇ㑊⟇䜢‽ഛ䛩䜛஦䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䠊
䐤 㔜せᩥ᭩➼෗䛧䛾ಖ⟶䝃䞊䝡䝇
⅏ᐖ䜔஦ᨾ䛷෗┿䜔㔜せ䛺ᩥ᭩䛜ᾘኻ䛧䛯᫬䛾䛯䜑䛻䠈
䛭䛾䝁䝢䞊䛺䛹䜢ಖ⟶䛧䠈⥭ᛴ᫬䛾௦᭰䛘䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䠊
2.3. HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾㢳ᐈ౯್
ྜྷᕝ➼[5]䛻䜘䜛䛸䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇ཷᐜ⪅䛾ㄝ᫂䛸䛧䛶䠈䛂䝺䝉䝥
䝍䞊䛿䠈䝗䝘䞊䛛䜙䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ཷᐜ䛩䜛䛸䠈䛒䜛⾜ື䜢㉳䛣䛧䠈
䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䛜ຠᯝ䛸䛺䜛䠊䛃䛸䛒䜛䛜䠈HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛷䜒ྠᵝ䛻䠈
䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᥦ౪䛻䜘䜚䠈㢳ᐈ䛜⾜ື䜢㉳䛣䛧䠈ຠᯝ䛜⏕䜎䜜
䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊䛭䛧䛶䠈䛭䛾ຠᯝ䛾஦䜢䛣䛣䛷䛿 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇
䛾㢳ᐈ౯್䛸࿧䜆䠊
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ලయⓗ䛺ຠᯝ䜢䠈䛂䝃䞊䝡䝇䊻⾜ື䊻ຠ
ᯝ䛃䛾ὶ䜜䛷グ㏙䛩䜛䛸䠈ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䠊
z
z
䛂HCP సᡂᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇䊻᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛾ᩚ⌮䛸ඃඛ
㡰఩௜䛡䊻᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛾ぢ䛘䜛໬䠈ぢ┤䛧䛸᭱㐺໬䛃
䛂HCP ᐇ⾜ᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇䊻HCP ᐇ⾜䛸⥭ᛴ᫬䝃䝫
䞊䝖ཷᐜ䊻⥭ᛴ᫬䛾⏕ά⥔ᣢ䛃
ᙜ↛䛾䛣䛸䛷䛿䛒䜛䛜䠈ྠ䛨䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ᥦ౪䛧䛶䜒㢳ᐈ䛜
␗䛺䜜䜀䠈䛭䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ຠᯝ䜒␗䛺䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜
䛾㢳ᐈ䛜䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻ᮇᚅ䛩䜛⛬ᗘ䜔≧ἣ䛻㐪䛔䛜䛒䜛䛛䜙
䛷䛒䜛䠊౛䛘䜀䠈⑓ே䜔௓ㆤே䛜ᅾᏯ䛧䠈᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛾ぢ䛘䜛
໬䜘䜚䜒䠈⥭ᛴ᫬䛾⏕ά⥔ᣢ䛜䛸䛻䛛䛟㔜せ䛸䛔䛖ᐙᗞ䜒䛒䜛
䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䠊୍᪉䠈ඖẼ䛷௙஦䜢䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈⥭ᛴ᫬䛻䛿⏕
䛝䛶䛔䜙䜜䜜䜀Ⰻ䛔䛜䠈᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛾ぢ䛘䜛໬䜔᭱㐺໬䛿⯆
࿡䛜䛒䜛䠈䛸䛔䛖㢳ᐈ䜒䛔䜛䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䛣䛾౛䛾䜘䛖䛺ಶูලయⓗ䛺㢳
ᐈ䛾ㄢ㢟䜢ᩚ⌮䛧䠈ಶ䚻䛾㢳ᐈ䛾ᮇᚅ䛻ᛂ䛨䛯ຠᯝ䛾⏕ᡂ
䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛஦䛜㔜せ䛺䝫䜲䞁䝖䛸䛺䜛䠊
3.
SysML 䛻䜘䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾⾲⌧
ᮏ HCP 䝃 䞊 䝡 䝇 䛻 䛚 䛡 䜛 SysML[6] 䝰 䝕 䝸 䞁 䜾 䛿
䛂 UseCase ᅗ 䛃 , 䛂 Sequence ᅗ 䛃 , 䛂 Activity ᅗ 䛃 ,
䛂Requirement ᅗ䛃,䛂Block ᅗ䛃䛾 5 ✀㢮䛾ᅗ䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛶
䛔䜛䠊䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䛻䛚䛔䛶ྛᅗ䛾ᶵ⬟䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛䠊
UseCase ᅗ䠖HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇ᥦ౪⪅䛸㢳ᐈ䠈䜎䛯䝟䞊䝖䝘
䜔⾜ᨻ䛸䛾㛵ಀ➼䜢ྵ䜑䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᴫせᶵ⬟䜢ᐃ⩏䜢♧
Home Continuity Plan サービスに関する平成 23 年度 AIIT-PBL の成果から 103
䛩䠊
Sequence ᅗ䠖HCP ᥦ౪䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ィ⏬䛛䜙ᐇ⌧䜎䛷䛾
㐠⏝ᡭ㡰ᴫせ䜢ᐃ⩏䛧䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾㐠⏝つ๎➼䜢⾲⌧䛩
䜛䠊
Activity ᅗ䠖HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䝰䝕䝹せ⣲䠈䜲䝧䞁䝖䠈䜰䜽
䝅䝵䞁䠈㑄⛣䜢ᐃ⩏䛧䠈ୖὶ䛾䝟䞊䝖䝘䛛䜙ୗὶ䛾㢳ᐈ䜎䛷
䝃䞊䝡䝇άື䛾㐣⛬䜢♧䛩䠊
Requirement ᅗ䠖HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᶵ⬟≉ᛶ䜢♧
䛩䠊䝃䞊䝡䝇䛸䛧䛶ᯝ䛯䛥䛺䛡䜜䜀䛔䛡䛺䛔ᶵ⬟䛾⏝௳䜔せ
⣲䜢ᐃ䜑䜛䠊
Block Definition ᅗ䠖HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᵓ㐀䜢⾲
⌧䛩䜛䠊
4.
SysML 䜢⏝䛔䛯 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䝰䝕䝹䛾஦౛
Figure 1㻌 Top Level Use Case Diagram
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛿䠈᪂䛧䛔ᴫᛕ䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛷䛒䜛஦䛛䜙䠈䝰
䝕䝹໬䛿䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᴫせ䜢ᐃ⩏䛩䜛஦䛛䜙ጞ䜑䠈⥆䛔䛶䠈
ヲ⣽䛺せ௳ศᯒ䛸᣺䜛⯙䛔ᐃ⩏䜢୰ᚰ䛻⾜䛳䛯䠊ಶ䚻䛾஦
౛䜢௨ୗ䛻♧䛩䠊
4.1. 䝃䞊䝡䝇ᴫせᐃ⩏
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᴫせ䝰䝕䝹䛸䛧䛶䠈㢳ᐈ䛛䜙ぢ䛯䝃䞊䝡
䝇䛾౯್䛸ᥦ౪ᶵ⬟䛾㛵ಀ䠈ཬ䜃䠈㢳ᐈ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇ᥦ౪䛾
䝟䞊䝖䝘䛷䛒䜛 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䛸䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾
㛵ಀ䜢䠈Use Case ᅗ䜢⏝䛔䛶ᐃ⩏䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾ᅗ䜢 Figure 1
䛻♧䛩䠊
ᮏ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛㢳ᐈ䛾᭱⤊┠ⓗ䛿 HCP 䜢ᐇ⾜䛧䠈
⥭ᛴ᫬䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛾䝸䝇䜽䜢ᅇ㑊䛩䜛஦䛷䛒䜛䠊HCP
䛾ᐇ⾜䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛Ⅽ䛻䛿䛭䛾๓䛻䠈᪂䛧䛔ᴫᛕ䛷䛒䜛 HCP
䜢⌮ゎ䛧 Plan 䜢సᡂ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈䛂HCP 䜢▱
䜛䞉⪃䛘䜛䛃䛂HCP 䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛃䛂HCP 䜢ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䛃䛾 3 䛴䜢
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾㢳ᐈ౯್䛾ᰕ䛸䛧䠈౫Ꮡ㛵ಀ䜘䜚䠈䛂HCP 䜢
▱䜛䞉⪃䛘䜛䛃䜢䛂HCP 䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛃䛜 include 䛧䠈᭦䛻
䛂HCP 䜢ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䛃䛻 include 䛥䜜䜛㛵ಀ䛸䛧䛶ᐃ⩏䛧䛯䠊ཪ䠈
䛂HCP 䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛃䛿䠈䛂᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛾᭱㐺໬䞉ぢ┤䛧䛃䜢ྵ䜑
䛶⾜䛖஦䛻䜘䜚䠈HCP 䛾ရ㉁䜢㧗䜑䜛஦䛸䠈᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛾ᨵၿ
䛜 ᮇ ᚅ 䛷䛝 䜛䛣 䛸䛛 䜙䠈䛂᪥ ᖖ ⏕ ά䛾 ᭱㐺 ໬䞉 ぢ ┤䛧 䛃䜢
䛂HCP 䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛃䛜 extend 䛩䜛㛵ಀ䛸䛧䛶ᐃ⩏䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜
䜙䛾㢳ᐈ౯್䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻⏝ព䛩䜛 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾
ಶูලయⓗ䛺ᶵ⬟䛿䛂HCP 䜢▱䜛䞉⪃䛘䜛䛃䛷䛿 4 䛴䠈
䛂 HCP 䜢 ᐇ ⾜ 䛩 䜛 䛃 䛷 䛿 6 䛴 䜢 ⏝ ព 䛧䛯 䠊 䛣 䛾㛵 ಀ 䜢
Generalization 䛷グ㏙䛧䛯䠊ಶูᶵ⬟䛾䛖䛱䠈䛂HCP 䜢▱
䜛䞉⪃䛘䜛䛃䛻㛵䛩䜛 4 䛴䛾ᶵ⬟䛿 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ዎ⣙⪅䛷
䛺䛟䛶䜒฼⏝䛷䛝䜛䠊୍᪉䛂HCP 䜢ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䛃䛻㛵䛩䜛 6 䛴䛾
ᶵ⬟䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛻䛿 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇ዎ⣙䛜ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛䠊䛭䛣
䛷䠈Actor 䛸䛧䛶䠈㢳ᐈ䛛䜙ዎ⣙⪅䜢ศ㞳䛧ỗ໬㛵ಀ䜢ᐃ⩏
䛧 Generalization 䛷グ㏙䛧䛯䠊ཪ䠈䛂HCP 䜢ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䛃䛯䜑
䛾ᶵ⬟䛿䠈ᑓ㛛ᴗ⪅䜔⾜ᨻ䛾ᶵ⬟䜢䜲䞁䝔䜾䝺䞊䝖䛧䛶ዎ⣙
⪅䛻ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈ᑓ㛛ᴗ⪅䠄䝟䞊䝖
䝘䞊䠅䛸⾜ᨻ䛸䛔䛖䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䜢䠈HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾እ㒊
䛻 Actor 䛸䛧䛶㓄⨨䛧䛯䠊
4.2. 䝃䞊䝡䝇せ௳ᐃ⩏
䝃䞊䝡䝇せ௳ᐃ⩏䛷䛿䠈ᶵ⬟䛜‶䛯䛥䛺䛡䜜䜀䛔䛡䛺䛔
ရ㉁≉ᛶ䜢᫂☜䛻䛧䛯䠊ရ㉁≉ᛶ䛻䛿䠈ᶵ⬟ᛶ䠈ಙ㢗ᛶ䠈
౑⏝ᛶ䠈ຠ⋡ᛶ䠈ಖᏲᛶ䛺䛹䛜䛒䜚䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾≉ᛶ䛻ྜ䜟
䛫䛶ᐃ⩏䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊ᮏ䝰䝕䝹䛷䛿䠈4.1 䛷ᐃ⩏䛧䛯
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᥦ౪ᶵ⬟ẖಶู䛻䝃䞊䝡䝇せ௳䜢ᐃ⩏䛧
Figure 2㻌 Requirement Diagram of a HCP Service
Figure 3㻌 Example of Requirement Table
䛯䠊ලయⓗ䛺せ௳䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈2 ❶䛾䛂HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᥦ᱌䛃䛾
ෆᐜ䜢᣺䜚㏉䜚䠈㢳ᐈ䛾 Wants䠄₯ᅾ Needs䠅䜢᥎ 䛧ᢳฟ
䛧䛯䠊
䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈䛂HCP 䜢ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䛃䛯䜑䛾ᶵ⬟䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜛䛂⏕
άᚲ㟂ရ䜢⏝ព䛩䜛䛃ᶵ⬟䛾せ௳ᐃ⩏䛾஦౛䜢௨ୗ䛻♧
䛩䠊
䛂⏕άᚲ㟂ရ䜢⏝ព䛩䜛䛃ᶵ⬟䛿䠈䛂⏕άᚲ㟂ရ⥔ᣢᨭ᥼
䝃䞊䝡䝇䛃䛸࿨ྡ䛧䠈ᶵ⬟せ௳䜢䛂㣗ရ䞉᪥⏝ရศ㢮䛃䛂⥭ᛴ
᫬⏕άᚲ㟂ရ᥎ዡ䛃䛂⥭ᛴ᫬ရ┠ண⣙䛃䛂⥭ᛴ᫬⏝ရ┠㓄㏦䛃
䛻ศ㢮䛧䛯䠊䛣䛾ศ㢮䜢 Package 䛸䛧䛶グ㏙䛧䛯䜒䛾䛜
Figure 2 䛾 Requirement ᅗ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛂⥭ᛴ᫬⏕άᚲ㟂ရ
᥎ዡ䛃䛾せ௳䛿䛂㣗ရ䞉᪥⏝ရศ㢮䛃䜘䜚ᑟ䛛䜜䜛஦䛛䜙䠈
Derive Dependency 䛾㛵ಀ䛸䛭䛾ㄝ᫂䛸䛧䛶 Rationale 䜢
グ㏙䛧䛯䠊ရ㉁≉ᛶ䛿 4 䛴䛾ಶูせ௳䛻ᑐ䛧䛶
Requirement Table 䛸䛧䛶グ㏙䛧䛯䠊ලయ౛䛸䛧䛶䛂㣗ရ䞉
᪥⏝ရศ㢮䛃䛾஦౛䜢 Figure 3 䛻♧䛩䠊
104
川田誠一
4.3. 䝃䞊䝡䝇᣺䜛⯙䛔ᐃ⩏
4.4. 䝃䞊䝡䝇ᵓ㐀ᐃ⩏
䝃䞊䝡䝇᣺䜛⯙䛔ᐃ⩏䛷䛿䠈ᶵ⬟䛜㢳ᐈ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᥦ౪
䛥䜜䜛䛾䛛䜢䝅䝘䝸䜸䛷♧䛧䠈᭦䛻䛭䛾䝅䝘䝸䜸ୖ䛾ㄢ㢟䛾
᳨ウ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈 4.2 䛷ㄝ᫂䛧䛯䛂⏕άᚲ㟂ရ⥔ᣢ
ᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇䛃䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ලయ౛䜢௨ୗ䛻♧䛩䠊䛣䛾䝃䞊䝡
䝇䛾ᥦ౪䝅䝘䝸䜸䛿᫬⣔ิ䛻」ᩘ䛾䝰䝆䝳䞊䝹䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜
䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈䛭䛾඲యീ䜢 Sequence ᅗ䜢⏝䛔䛶グ㏙䛧䛯䠊
஦౛䜢 Figure 4 䛻♧䛩䠊
䛣䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛿䛂㣗ရ䞉᪥⏝ရศ㢮䛃䛂⥭ᛴ᫬⏕άᚲ㟂ရ
᥎ዡ䛃䛂⥭ᛴ᫬ရ┠ண⣙䛃䛂⥭ᛴ᫬⏝ရ┠㓄㏦䛃䛾㡰䛻ᐇ᪋
䛥䜜䜛䠊䛂㣗ရ䞉᪥⏝ရศ㢮䛃䛾ᶵ⬟䛾ᥦ౪᪉ἲ䛻䛿䛂┦ㄯ䛻
䜘䜛㏻ᖖ᫬㣗ရ䞉᪥⏝ရศ㢮䛃䛂䝺䝅䞊䝖䛻䜘䜛㏻ᖖ᫬㣗ရ䞉
᪥⏝ရศ㢮䛃䛂䝺䝅䞊䝖ศ㢮䜰䝥䝸䛻䜘䜛㏻ᖖ᫬㣗ရ䞉᪥⏝ရ
ศ㢮䛃䛾 3 䛴䛾䜸䝥䝅䝵䞁䛜㑅ᢥྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚䠈Interaction
Operator 䛾 Alternatives 䛷䛟䛟䛳䛯䠊ཪ䠈㓄㏦䛾䝖䝸䜺䛿
䛂⅏ᐖⓎ⏕䛃䛂㢳ᐈせᮃ䛃䛾 2 䛴䛾䜸䝥䝅䝵䞁䜢ྲྀ䜚ᚓ䜛䠊䛣䛱
䜙䜒ྠᵝ䛻 Alternatives 䛷䛟䛟䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䛖䛱䠈⏕
άᚲ㟂ရ䛾⏝ព䛸㓄㏦䛿 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾እ㒊䛾䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩
䝹䝎䛾ᶵ⬟䜢䜲䞁䝔䜾䝺䞊䝖䛧䛶ᐇ᪋䛩䜛஦䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛭䛣䛷䠈䛂㢳ᐈ䛃䛂⏕άᚲ㟂ရ⥔ᣢᨭ᥼䝃䞊䝡䝇䛃䛂⏕άᚲ㟂
ရ౪⤥㓄㏦⤌⧊䛃䛸䛔䛖 3 䛴䛾ཧຍ⪅䜢ᐃ⩏䛧䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛻
Lifeline 䜢タ䛡 Interaction 䜢グ㏙䛧䛯䠊
ḟ䛻䠈䛣䛾䝅䝘䝸䜸䛾᭱ᚋ䛾䝰䝆䝳䞊䝹䛷䛒䜚䠈᭱䜒」㞧
䛺᣺䜛⯙䛔䛜᝿ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䛂⥭ᛴ᫬⏕άᚲ㟂ရ㓄㏦䛃䛾ᴗົ䝣
䝻䞊䜢 Activity ᅗ䜢⏝䛔䛶 Figure 5 䛻グ㏙䛧䛯䠊
ᴗົ䝣䝻䞊䛿䛂⥭ᛴ᫬㓄㏦౫㢗䛃䜲䝧䞁䝖䛛䜙㛤ጞ䛥䜜䠈
䛂㓄㏦ྍྰุ᩿䛃䛂಴ᗜ䛷䛾Ⲵ≀䛾✚㎸䛃䛂㐠ᦙ䛃䛂㓄㏦ඛ䛾
≧ἣ☜ㄆ䛃䛂ཷΏ䛃䛾㡰䛻⾜䜟䜜䜛䠊⅏ᐖ᫬䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈䛂ண
⣙䛧䛯ရ┠䛾⏝ព䛜ணᐃ㏻䜚ྍ⬟䛛䛃䛂㓄㏦⤒㊰ୖ䛻㞀ᐖ
䛿䛺䛔䛛䛃䛂㢳ᐈ⮬Ꮿ䛷䜶䝺䝧䞊䝍䛜౑䛘䜛䛛䛃䛺䛹䛾㞀ᐖ䛜
᝿ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈䛭䜜䜙䛾᳨ウ䛩䜉䛝ㄢ㢟䜢 Comments
䛾୰䛻グ㏙䛧䛯䠊䛭䜜䜙䛾ㄢ㢟䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛿᫂☜䛻ᑐฎ᪉ἲ
䜢Ỵᐃ䛧䠈ཪ䠈ᚲせ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶㢳ᐈ䛸䛾ዎ⣙䛻᫂グ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜
䛒䜛䠊
䝃䞊䝡䝇ᵓ㐀ᐃ⩏䛷䛿䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾᣺䜛⯙䛔䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛
ᵓ㐀䜢ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䠊ᵓ㐀䛻䛿䠈䝇䝔䞊䜽䝩䝹䝎䠈䝋䝣䝖䠈䝝䞊䝗䠈
⎔ቃ䛺䛹䠈ᚲせ䛺せ⣲䜢䛭䛾≉ᛶ䛻㛵䜟䜙䛪ᐃ⩏䛷䛝䜛䠊䛣
䛣䛷䛿䠈4.3 䛷ㄝ᫂䛧䛯䛂⥭ᛴ᫬⏕άᚲ㟂ရ㓄㏦䛃䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈
Block Definition ᅗ䜢⏝䛔䛶グ㏙䛧䛯ලయ౛䜢 Figure 6 䛻
♧䛩䠊
䛣䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛿䛂ዎ⣙⪅䛃䛂಴ᗜ䛃䛂㓄㏦㊰䛃䛂㓄㏦ඛ䛃䛂ၟᗑ䛃
䛂㓄㏦ᴗ⪅䛃䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䠈䛂಴ᗜ䛃䛻䛿䛂⥭ᛴ᫬⏕άᚲ㟂ရ䛃
䛜䠈䛂㓄㏦㊰䛃䛻䛿䛂㐨㊰䛃䛂㌴୧೵㌴ሙᡤ䛛䜙㓄㏦ඛ䜎䛷䛾
㐨䛃䛜䠈䛂㓄㏦ඛ䛃䛻䛿䛂㐃⤡ᙇ䜚⣬䛃䛂⮬Ꮿ䛃䛂㑊㞴ᡤ䛃䛜䠈ᵓ
ᡂせ⣲䛸䛧䛶ྵ䜎䜜䜛䠊᭦䛻䠈䛂㐨㊰䛃䛻䛿≧ἣ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯
䛂㌴୧䛃䛜䠈䛂㌴୧೵㌴ሙᡤ䛛䜙㓄㏦ඛ䜎䛷䛾㐨䛃䛻䛿䛂ྎ㌴䛃
䛂䝟䝽䞊䝗䝇䞊䝒䛃䛂㓄㏦ඛ䛾䝡䝹䛾䜶䝺䝧䞊䝍䛃䛸䛔䛖㓄㏦ඛ
䛾≧ἣ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯ᵓᡂせ⣲䛜ྵ䜎䜜䜛䠊䛭䛾㛵ಀ䜢 Part
Association 䜢⏝䛔䛶グ㏙䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈䛂ၟᗑ䛃䛂㓄㏦ᴗ⪅䛃䛿
HCP 䝃 䞊 䝡 䝇 䛾 䛂 䝟 䞊 䝖 䝘 䛃 䛷 䛒 䜛 䠊 䛭 䜜 䜙 䛾 㛵 ಀ 䜢
Generalization 䛷グ㏙䛧䛯䠊
Figure 5㻌 Example of Activity Diagram
Figure 6㻌 Example of Block Definition Diagram
5.
᪂つ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁
5.1. ᪂つ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛸㢳ᐈᮇᚅ
Figure 4㻌 Sequence Diagram of a HCP Service
䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾౯್䜢Ỵ䜑䜛䛖䛘䛷䠈䛭䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㢳
ᐈᮇᚅ䛜䛔䛛䜋䛹䛾䜒䛾䛸䛺䜛䛛䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛿㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊᪤
Ꮡ䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇ᥦ౪⪅䜒㢳ᐈ䜒䠈㢳ᐈᮇ
ᚅ䜢஦๓䛻᝿ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᐜ᫆䛷䛿䛺䛔䛸䛧䛶䜒䠈䛒䜛⛬ᗘ
䛾㐣ཤ䛾஦౛䜔ᐇ⦼䛛䜙㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䜢᥎ᐃ䛧䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ᥦ
౪䛩䜛౯᱁䛾ጇᙜᛶ䜢ุ᩿䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
౛䛘䜀䝩䝔䝹ᴗ䜢౛䛻䛸䜛䛸䠈㢳ᐈ䛿䝩䝔䝹䜢฼⏝䛩䜛ሙ
ྜ䠈䜎䛪ලయⓗ䛻ᐟἩ䛩䜛䝩䝔䝹䜢䛔䛟䛴䛛㑅ᢥ䛧䠈▱ྡᗘ
䜔䠈❧ᆅ᮲௳䠈ᐟἩ౯᱁䛺䛹䛛䜙䠈㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䜢⏕ᡂ䛷䛝䜛䠊
Home Continuity Plan サービスに関する平成 23 年度 AIIT-PBL の成果から 105
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺≧ἣ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ᥦ౪⪅䛷䛒䜛䝩䝔䝹ഃ䛿䠈ᐟἩ᫬
ᮇ䛜㛩ᩓᮇ䛛⦾ᛁᮇ䛛䠈䜎䛯䠈ண⣙䛜┤๓䛾ண⣙䛷䛒䜛䛛
┦ᙜ஦๓䛾ண⣙䛷䛒䜛䛛䠈䜎䛯䠈䝩䝔䝹䛜᭷䛩䜛㒊ᒇ䛾ᗈ䛥䠈
ㄪᗘရ䛺䛹䛾䝺䝧䝹䛺䛹䛒䜛⛬ᗘ䛾┦ሙほ䛷ᥦ౪䛩䜛䝃䞊
䝡䝇䛻ᑐ䛧䛶౯᱁タᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ᗈ䛥䛾㒊
ᒇ䛷ᮅ㣗௜䛝䛺䜙䠈10,000 ෇䛷ᥦ౪䛷䛝䜛䛺䛹䛾ุ᩿䜢䛩
䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䝃䞊䝡䝇タィ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈䛒䛸䛿㢳ᐈ䛜䠈஦๓䛻ᮇᚅ䜢ᣢ䛳
䛶䝩䝔䝹䜢฼⏝䛧䠈฼⏝ᚋ䛻ᮇᚅ䛸⮬㌟䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇య㦂䜢
ẚ㍑䛧䛶ᮇᚅ䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜ᥦ౪䛥䜜䜜䜀㧗䛔㢳ᐈ
‶㊊ᗘ䛜⏕䜎䜜䜛䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈㏫䛻䠈ᐇ㝿䛻ཷ䛡䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜
஦๓䛾ᮇᚅ䜘䜚ప䛔䛸䠈㢳ᐈ‶㊊ᗘ䛜ప䛟䛺䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䜘䛖䛺௒䜎䛷Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䜘䛖䛺᪂つ䝃
䞊䝡䝇䜢䝡䝆䝛䝇䛸䛩䜛ሙྜ䛻䛿䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇ᥦ౪⪅ഃ䛿䝃䞊
䝡䝇䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛾䛻ᚲせ䛺䝁䝇䝖ィ⟬䛿䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈䛭䛾䝃
䞊䝡䝇䛜㢳ᐈ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺౯್䛜䛒䜚䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᑐ౯
䜢ồ䜑䜜䜀Ⰻ䛔䛾䛛䠈䛔䜟䜖䜛್Ỵ䜑䛜㞴䛧䛔䠊ඛ䛻䝩䝔䝹
䛾౛䛷㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖䛺㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䜢஦๓䛻᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᅔ㞴
䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᮏሗ࿌䛷䛿䠈᪂つ䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢タィ䛩䜛㝿䛻䛿䠈䜎䛪㢳ᐈ
ᮇᚅ䜢ᣢ䛯䛫䜛䜘䛖䛺ఱ䜙䛛䛾ᕤኵ䜢䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛸䠈
䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ᕤኵ䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢ホ౯䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢ᣢ䛴
䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䠈䛭䜜䜢஦౛䛷♧䛩䛣䛸䛻䛩
䜛䠊
5.2. 㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䜢ᙧᡂ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛾䝥䝺䝃䞊䝡䝇
ᮏ HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛷䛿䠈㢳ᐈ䛜㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䜢ᙧᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢
┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䝥䝺䝃䞊䝡䝇䛷䛒䜛ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺↓
ᩱ䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢⤌䜏㎸䜣䛷ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䛯䠊
䐟 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇↓ᩱ䝉䝭䝘䞊䛾ᐇ᪋
㻌 䛣䛾䝉䝭䝘䞊䛷䛿䠈ᇶᮏⓗ䛺 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᴫᛕ䛸䝏䜵
䝑䜽䝅䞊䝖䛾సᡂ᪉ἲ䛺䛹䜢ㄝ᫂䛧䠈HCP 䛾㔜せᛶ䛸䠈HCP
᭷ᩱ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛺ㄝ᫂䛜
䛺䛥䜜䜛䠊
䐠 HCP 䝏䜵䝑䜽䝅䞊䝖䛾↓ᩱᥦ౪
㢳ᐈ䛿᪥ᖖ⏕ά⥔ᣢ䛾䛯䜑䛻ᚲせ䛺ィ⏬䜢❧䛶䜛ሙྜ䠈
ᮏ䝏䜵䝑䜽䝅䞊䝖䛜ཧ⪃䛻䛺䜛䠊
䝏䜵䝑䜽䝸䝇䝖䛿䠎䛴䛾䝺䝧䝹䛻ศ䛡䛶సᡂ䛥䜜䜛䠊䝺䝧䝹
䠍䛿⥭ᛴ᫬䛻ᇶᮏⓗ䛻ᚲせ䛺ᑐᛂ䠈䝺䝧䝹䠎䛿㢳ᐈ䛾≉ᛶ
䛻ᛂ䛨䛶䜹䝇䝍䝬䜲䝈䛧䛯ಶู䝙䞊䝈䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾䝏䜵
䝑䜽䝸䝇䝖䛷䛒䜛䠊
䝺䝧䝹䠍䛾䝏䜵䝑䜽䝅䞊䝖䛷䛿
䐟 ≀䛾ෆእ䛾⎔ቃ䛸ᐙᗞෆ౑⏝ᶵჾ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛛䜙䛟䜛
ᑐᛂ
䐠 㜵⅏ᑐ⟇
䐡 ᐙ᪘䛸䛾䝁䞁䝭䝳䝙䜿䝅䝵䞁
䐢 ㏆㞄ᆅᇦ䛸䛾䝁䞁䝭䝳஧䜿䝅䝵䞁
䐣 䛺䛹䛻╔┠䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䐤 䝺䝧䝹䠎䛾䝏䜵䝑䜽䝅䞊䝖䛷䛿
䐥 ⥭ᛴ᫬䛻䛚䛡䜛ᖐᏯ᪉ἲ
䐦 Ᏻྰ☜ㄆ
䐧 ⅏ᐖⓎ⏕ᚋ䛻⏕άᚲ㟂ရ䜢㓄㏦䛩䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇
䐨 ⥭ᛴ᫬䛻ᚲせ䛺▱㆑䛾ධᡭᨭ᥼
䐩 䝷䜲䝣䝷䜲䞁௦᭰᪉ἲ䛾ᥦ౪
䛺䛹䛾㡯┠䛜䛒䜛䠊
௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛻䝺䝧䝹䠎䛷䛿 HCP ᭷ᩱ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜㢳ᐈ䛻᭷
⏝䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻タィ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䝉䝭䝘䞊䛻
䛚䛔䛶㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䜢ᙧᡂ䛥䛫䜛䛾䛻㔜せ䛺せ⣲䛾୍䛴䛸䛺
䜛䠊
5.3. 㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯䛛ྰ䛛䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅
䝵䞁
௨ୗ䛷䛿䠈ᥦ᱌䛩䜛᪂つ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䜘䜚㢳ᐈ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻
㢳ᐈ‶㊊ᗘ䜢⋓ᚓ䛩䜛䛛䜢㞳ᩓ஦㇟䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢ᐇ⾜
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷᳨ド䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊
䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈㢳ᐈ䛜ᮇᚅ್䜢ᙧᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸
䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻⾲⌧䛩䜛䛛䛜ㄢ㢟䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏሗ࿌䛷䛿䠈᪥ᮏ∧
㢳ᐈ‶㊊ᗘᣦᩘ JCSI[7]䜢ᑟධ䛧䛶䝰䝕䝹໬䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈
㢳ᐈ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺どⅬ䛷䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ホ౯䛧䠈‶㊊ឤ䜢ᚓ䛶䠈
䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ḟ䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛴䛺䛢䛶䛔䛟䛛䜢యᆺ❧䛶䛯䝰
䝕䝹䛷䛒䜛䠊䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ከ㠃ⓗ䛻ホ౯䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈㢳ᐈ‶㊊
䛾ཎᅉ䞉⤖ᯝ䜢ྵ䜐ḟ䛻♧䛩䠒䛴䛾㡯┠䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄪᰝ䛧䠈
ᣦᩘ໬䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䐟 㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䠖 䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢฼⏝䛩䜛㝿䛻䠈฼⏝⪅䛜஦
๓䛻ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛༳㇟䜔ᮇᚅ䞉ண᝿䜢♧䛩䠊
䐠 ▱ぬရ㉁䠖 ᐇ㝿䛻䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢฼⏝䛧䛯㝿䛻ឤ䛨䜛䠈
ရ㉁䜈䛾ホ౯䜢♧䛩䠊
䐡 ▱ぬ౯್䠖 ཷ䛡䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ရ㉁䛸౯᱁䛸䜢ᑐẚ䛧
䛶䠈฼⏝⪅䛜ឤ䛨䜛⣡ᚓឤ䠈䝁䝇䝖䝟䝣䜷䞊䝬䞁䝇䜢
♧䛩䠊
䐢 㢳ᐈ‶㊊䠖 ฼⏝䛧䛶ឤ䛨䛯‶㊊䛾ᗘྜ䛔䜢♧䛩䠊
䐣 䜽䝏䝁䝭䠖 ฼⏝䛧䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ෆᐜ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈⫯ᐃ
ⓗ䛻ே䛻ఏ䛘䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢♧䛩䠊
䐤 䝻䜲䝲䝹䝔䜱䠖௒ᚋ䜒䛭䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢౑䛔⥆䛡䛯䛔䛛䠈
䜒䛳䛸㢖⦾䛻౑䛔䛯䛔䛛䛺䛹䛾฼⏝ពྥ䜢♧䛩䠊
5.4. 䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁
Figure 7
Snapshot of the Simulator
䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺ᵓᡂ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
ධຊ䛸ฟຊ
䐟 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᮇᚅ್䛾ධຊ
᝿ᐃ䛩䜛㢳ᐈ䛜䠈HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻ᑐ䛧஦๓䛻ᮇᚅ䛩䜛ᗘ
ྜ䛔䜢ᩘ್໬䛧䠈䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛸䛧䛶ධຊ䛩䜛䠊
䐠 ண ዎ⣙⋡䛾ฟຊ
᝿ᐃ䛩䜛㢳ᐈ䛜ᣢ䛴ᮇᚅ䛾ᗘྜ䛔䛸䠈HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾᮲
௳䛻ᛂ䛨䛶䠈ண ዎ⣙⋡䛜ฟຊ䛥䜜䜛䠊
106
川田誠一
䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛾ᵓᡂ
䐟 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ෆᐜ䜔౯᱁䛜㢳ᐈ䛾▱ぬ䛻䛹䛖ᙳ
㡪䛩䜛䛛䜢ᩘᘧ໬䛧⤌㎸䜐䠊
䐠 HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䚸ෆᐜ䛜ᮇᚅ㏻䜚䛰䛳䛯䛛
(Function)
䐡 ಙ㢗ឤ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛛(Reliability)
䐢 ್䛤䜝ឤ䛜䛒䜛䛛(Price)
䐣 䛺䛹䜢ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䠊
䐤 ዎ⣙䛩䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䛾㜈್䜢 val_threshold 䛸䛧䛶ᐃ
⩏䛩䜛䠊
䐥 ዎ⣙䛩䜛䠈䛧䛺䛔䛾ุᐃ
HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䜈䛾㢳ᐈ䛻㛵䛩䜛㛵ᩘ䛾⤌㎸
䜏䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈HCP 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ෆᐜ䜔౯᱁䛜㢳ᐈ䛾▱ぬ
䛻䛹䛖ᙳ㡪䛩䜛䛛䜢ᩘᘧ໬䛧⤌㎸䜣䛷䛔䜛䠊
Figure 7 䛻䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛾䝇䝘䝑䝥䝅䝵䝑䝖䜢♧䛩䠊
6.
䛚䜟䜚䛻
HCP 䛸䛔䛖ᴫᛕ䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈⅏ᐖ䛺䛹䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥ᖖ䛾⥅⥆
䛸䛔䛖どⅬ䛷 BCP 䛾ᐙᗞ∧䛸䜒䛔䛘䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢䝰䝕䝹໬䛧
ᥦ᱌䛧䛶䛝䛯䛜䠈ᮏሗ࿌䛷䛿䠈≉䛻ᮏ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䜘䛖䛺᪂つ
䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛㢳ᐈᮇᚅ䛾ᙧᡂ䛾㔜せᛶ䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䠈㢳ᐈ
ᮇᚅ䜢ᙧᡂ䛥䛫䜛஦౛䛸䛧䛶䝥䝺䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᥦ᱌䛸䠈㞳ᩓ஦
㇟䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䜛ホ౯䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䜢஦౛䛻䜘䜚♧䛧䛯䠊
ᮏㄽᩥ䛿䠈ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘ䛻䛚䛡䜛⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⏘
ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉๰㐀ᢏ⾡ᑓᨷ䛻䛚䛡䜛 PBL ᆺᤵᴗ䛾ᡂᯝ䛛
䜙ྲྀ䜚䜎䛸䜑䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾Ꮫ఍䛷ㅮ₇Ⓨ⾲
䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊[8]䠈[9]
ᮏ◊✲䜢㐙⾜䛩䜛䛻ᙜ䛯䜚䠈㈗㔜䛺䛤ពぢ䜢㡬䛔䛯⏘ᴗ
ᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⚟⏣ဴኵᩍᤵ䛺䜙䜃䛻బ䚻ᮌ୍᫴ຓᩍ䛻
ㅰព䜢♧䛩䠊
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
Business Continuity Planning Guide, Central Advice
Unit, PACE, UK, 1998
http://www.chusho.meti.go.jp/bcp/
http://www.homecontinuity.com/
⏣ᮧ䠈すᇉ䠈㯤䠈୕ዲ䠈ຍᗓ⸨䠈ᕝ⏣䠈䇾Home Continuity
Plan 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᥦ᱌䛸 SysML 䛻䜘䜛䝰䝕䝹໬䇿䠈➨ 54 ᅇ⮬
ືไᚚ㐃ྜㅮ₇఍ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟䠈㇏ᶫᢏ⾡⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫ䠈2011
ᖺ 11 ᭶
ྜྷᕝᘯஅ䠈䇾䝃䞊䝡䝇ᕤᏛᗎㄝ䠉䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢⌮ㄽⓗ䛻ᢅ䛖䛯
䜑䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䇿䠈Shythesiology Vol,1 No,2,2008
OMG Systems Modeling Language䠈 Version 1.2
http://www.service-js.jp/jcsi/page0800.php
ᕝ⏣䠈⏣ᮧ䠈すᇉ䠈୕ዲ䠈㯤㻌 ᾏ⹒䠈ຍᗓ⸨䠖㞳ᩓ஦㇟䝅䝭䝳
䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䜛 Home Continuity Plan 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ホ౯䠈
➨ 51 ᅇ䛂㞳ᩓ஦㇟䝅䝇䝔䝮◊✲఍䛃ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟䠈2012 ᖺ 6
᭶ 1 ᪥䚸ᐑᓮ
Y. Tamura, H. Nishigaki, K. Miyoshi, H. Huang and S.
Kawata: A Proposal of Home Continuity Plan Service
System, Modeling by SysML and Validating by
Discrete Event Simulation, Proceedings of the
SICE2012, Akita, August 20-23, 2012
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.107－113 （2012） 〔論文〕
ɩɴɂɣɐɼɀɃɄɀɡɒȦmȐțǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ
ɕɼɐɰɶɮɜɁɀȨɩɴɂɣɐɼ)AĄ
ªǹ Ŀǹ ǹ Ƌǹ
Privacy Invasion Analysis of Social Media for Privacy Awareness
Shigeru Shimada
Abstract
Recently, persons can easily post photos to SNS via mobile device with camera, it is increasing the
privacy invasion caused by SNS posting photos. Most of them cause posting photos without asking
permission from the photographic subject user. We categorized the factors regarding privacy invasion.
We did this by a survey from our university concerned and mining SNS archive. Finally, we planned
how to provide service for the protection of privacy invasion.
Keywords: Keywords in English. Privacy InvasionʂSNSʂPhoto Posting, Natural Language Processingʂ
Face Recognition
1. QKSO
1.1. SNS P%#
úǃȨɂɺɖɼɡəɝĻ‚ȢȨɕɼɐɰɶɡəɝɹɼɉɺ
ɋɎɼɥɒɾSNSɿȨĢľȌ‹…ǷȰȞȡȇȹʃșȨȢȴʂ
ɒɬɼɝɧɆɺȽľȇȡʂ>œȵɥɜɇťȨɬɶɘɮɜɁɀȽ
Twitter[1]ȵ Facebook[2]ťȨ SNS ɎɂɝȬÔşȔȡʂɲɼ
ɏǜȢ;üȖȹɕɼɐɰɶɮɜɁɀȌĢĜȽpȔȡȇȹʃ%
ȉ Ȫ ʂ ɂ ɺ ɖ ɼ ɡ ə ɝ G ľ Ƃ Ȩ ŷ ơ Ɏ ɂ ɝ Ȣ Ȇ ȹ Royal
Pingdom [3]ȨưĆȦȶȹȣʂFacebook ȨGľƂȩ 2009 °
ȋȷ 2011 °Ȩʅ°ǜȦʆ.Ȩʄ5ȣȥȸʂșȺȦȇʄ
·țȸȨŃ4ȨÔşéȩ 25%ƒNȔȡȇȹʃĴȦǯƬƳÑ
ƐȽÛȞț Face.com ȢȩʂɯɣɂɶŤÿȢǯȽƬƳȔʂ
șȨŃ4Ȧ ȔȡɲɼɏŀȨɖɋȐȽŸòȦȖȹȣȇ
ȞțìțȥŃ4;üíĝȌà&ȓȺʂFacebook ȬȨÔş
éȨøȥȹƒNȽȴțȷȔȡȇȹ[4]ʃ
ȒȨȶȈȥɲɼɏéȨڋȣìđƆȦȶȹ>œȨ SNS Ȭ
ȨÔşȌƒ‹ȖȹȦȟȺʂɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ɵɒɊȴLjQȔ
ȡ‹ȍȥwǮȥȸȟȟȆȹʃ%ȉȪʂɝɷɺɞɬɂɊɸŚȨ
Facebook GľƂȦ ȖȹŃ4;üȨɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ư
ĆȢȩʂ90ʃ6%ȨɲɼɏȌȦȶȹRÏȥ>œÔşȦȶ
ȸÂÈȽÈȕȡȇȹȒȣȌ€qȓȺȡȇȹ [5]ʃ^ȒȨ SNS
ȬȨ>œÔşȦǝȖȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȨwǮȦ ?Ȗȹ
țȳȨíŧȣȔȡʂSNS iŚȋȷɎɂɝGľɲɼɏȨ-Å
€*ƵíǕȦǝȖȹiŞGľƙŝȨåƠ [6] ȌƏȼȺȡȩ
ȇȹȌʂƈɲɼɏȦȩșȨ<!ōȥåƠȌɎɼɥɒȣȔȡ
ƘȉȥȇȜȐȢȥȎʂȲȔȻșȨåƠȦȶȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ*
ƵPąȨüPÄȦǝȖȹƴƱȌ‹ȍȎȥȸȟȟȆȹʃ
SNS ȨđƆȵūzȌ±ȌȹȦȟȺʂșȨɎɼɥɒ ƶȣ
ȥȹɮɜɁɀȌɛɉɒɝȋȷŃ4ȵɥɜɇȬȣڋȔʂșȨɩ
ɴɂɣɐɼ*ƵíǕȴɎɼɥɒȢÐȈiɮɜɁɀĴüȨĴÄ
Ȧ'–ȓȘȹÀƗȌȆȹʃĴȦʂxĞŏȔȡȇȹ SNS Ȭ
Received on December 20, 2012
ĽċÑƐŗšśʂSchool of Industrial Technology, AIIT
ȨɬɶɘɮɜɁɀÔşõȦŋļȖȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȦǝȔ
ȡȩʂɩɴɂɣɐɼɫɵɐɼȨŧ›ȵ:ǛūzȨƤ›ʂŃ4
ÔşɲɼɏȋȷƒäºƂȬȨƝŘƬȽߎȖȹŝ³Ȩ
ÁȌȮȣȾȤȢȆȹʃȒȨȶȈȥĵĜȢȩʂiÔşɲɼɏ
ȨɩɴɂɣɐɼƝǑȨƓǔȦ'–ȖȹȒȣȦȥȸɩɴɂɣɐ
ɼ*ƵŧȣȔȡȩUAȢȆȸʂșȨƝǑȌȦȶȞȡňȥ
ȹȒȣȋȷʂɲɼɏǜȨɝɴɨɶȨħ²ȣȥȞȡȇȹʃ
1.2. ,.P+*N-P"
ȒȨȶȈȥĵĜȋȷʂSNS Ȭ>œȨÔşȽƏȈõȦŋļȖ
ȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȨƗyȽšñȔȡșȨŶąȽŕƳɪɼ
ɒTȔȡȊȍʂìțȥ>œÔşõȦȩșȺȽľȇȡɩɴɂɣ
ɐɼ)ȨƥëȽƏȇʂþįȦ)ȽǞȏȶȈȦęȋȘ
ȹȶȈȥɩɴɂɣɐɼɀɃɄɀɡɒɎɼɥɒȽǛŋȖȹȒȣȽ
ŏōȣȖȹʃșȨțȳʂSNS ɲɼɏȦɩɴɂɣɐɼ)Ȧǝ
ȖȹɀɺɌɼɝưĆȽƏȇʂșȨAĄȋȷɩɴɂɣɐɼ)
ƗyȨčƗȽÒáȔʂøȦNj\ȦƍŠȓȺț‰ǔȨ SNS
ÔşƣȨɀɼɈɂɨȽ ƶȦʂɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȣȥȹƗ
yȽñŘȦȖȹțȳȨƪŲȥAĄȽƏȥȇʂșȺȷȽŕƳ
ɪɼɒȣȔȡƣÊȓȘȹʃìțȦ SNS ȬŃ4ÔşȖȹj
ȦȩʂșȨŕƳɪɼɒȽľȇȡɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȣȥȹȋȤ
ȈȋȽEëȖȹÑƐȨĊƢȽƏȈʃ
ĀşȢȩʂúDȦ SNS Ń4ÔşȦȈɩɴɂɣɐɼ)
ȨĵĜȽÒáȖȹțȳȨɀɺɌɼɝưĆȨŶąȦȟȇȡƮ
ñȔț»ʂȒȨAĄŶąȋȷ½ȷȺțɩɴɂɣɐɼ)Ȩĵ
ĜȽøȦƪŲȥƗyȬȣDZ~TȖȹțȳʂNj\Ȩ SNS ɀɼ
ɈɂɨȽ ƶȦȔțAĄ?ĺȦȟȇȡDŽȭȹʃșȔȡʂșȨ
DZ~TȽŕƳȣȔȡľȇȡʂSNS Ń4ÔşõȦɩɴɂɣɐ
ɼ)ȨƥëȽƏȇʂ)ȣȥȹjȦȩɲɼɏȬȨę
ȍɎɼɥɒȽƏȈí´ȦȟȇȡDŽȭȹʃ
108
嶋田茂
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ºǩLȨȆȹǯŃ4ȦĞŏȔȡʂǯŃ4Ċ@ȽƑōȥŃ
4ƝĄȣȔȡAĄȽƏȞțʃxȩvľȨǯƬƳɕɧɝɃɄ
ɀȽľȇȡȇȹ[14]ʃ
3.4.2. f^bh
SNS Ń4ƣȨɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐȦŔŏȔȡɛɉɒɝƝĄ
110
嶋田茂
ȽúDȦƏȇʂșȒȦoȰȺȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ǫŏȽ×@
Ȗȹʃ ŸȇȡʂșȨǫŏȦ ȖȹŃ4ɜɼɖǐȦŔŏȔȡʂ
șȨ)=ŸȽøȦƪŲȦAĄȽƏȇʂșȨ)ĺŀȽñ
ŘȦȔȡȇȎí´ȢȆȹʃɛɉɒɝƝĄȽúDȦƏȈɮɵəɝȣ
ȔȡʂƘȔțȜȐȢȩȼȋȷȥȇȶȈȥɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȣ
ȥȹŃ4ɜɼɖǐȽÛȟɚɂɼɝȦ Ȕȡȴʂɛɉɒɝɜɼɖ
ǐȋȷ PS ɹɼɞȶȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ǫŏȽ×@ȖȹȒȣ
ȦȶȸʂĪ|ōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȣȥȹɚɂɼɝ×@ȌȢ
ȍȹȒȣȢȆȹʃȒȨí´ȢȩʂúDȦɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐȨƝ
ĄȦȶȸɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ƗyȨ×@ȽƏȇʂșȨŶąȽ ƶȦȔȡɩɴɂɣɐɼ)Ń4Ȩ×@ȌƏȼȺȹʃ ȒȺȶȸʂ
ɛɉɒɝ¢~AĄí´Ȣȩʂɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȽoȲɚɂ
ɼɝȽPĸōȦȟʂȶȸ‰Ȏ×@ȖȹțȳȨí´ȣƟȉȹʃ
¸ÉŰƝĄɅɺɑɺȣǀù
ɜɼɖȨɊɷɺɑɺɋ»ȨYƭAĄȽljȳȹǤȦȩʂAȋȝ
ùȍȽȔȡȄlƨȅȄ¸ŸƨȅȄOƨȅȥȤȨ¸ÉŰȦAƝȖȹ
ÀƗȌȆȹʃ xȩ¸ÉŰƝĄɅɺɑɺȣȔȡ MeCab Ƚ
ľȇȹ[15]ʃMeCab ȢȩďĨđƆȨɐɒɛɭǀùȣȔȡ IPA
ǀù(ipadic)Ƚà&ȔȡȇȹȌʂ SNS ÔşõȦ$ľȓȺȹ
ȒȣȨ‰ȇìƭȵdƭȌoȰȺȡȇȹjʂēȔȎAƝȖȹ
ȌȢȍȥȇʃșȒȢʂxȩɲɼɏǀùȣȔȡ Wikipedia
ȨɖɂɝɶɵɒɝȽDžNȔʂeƆȥǠȸɍɺɛɉɒɝȦěȞț¸
ÉŰƝĄȽƏȉȹȶȈȦȖȹʃ
ǭ³ƝĄ
¸ÉŰƝĄȦȶȞȡ½ȷȺț9ȡȨ¸ÉŰȋȷʂɚɂɼɝɀ
ɼɈɂɨȨɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐȦ Ȕȡ¸ÉŰȨ@ĹxéȽĚ
ȳțʃȰțʂ¯l 2 ê•ȨɉɼɹɼɞȦȟȇȡȩʂÇ
sȽÛțȥȇƟƌȣȔȡ@ĹxéȨɈɃɺɝ ƶˆȣȔȡȇ
ȹʃ (%: ȄȍțȅʂȄȒȷȅ)ǹ ȒȺȷȨ?ĺȦȶȸʂǭ³ƝĄȨ
ŭ³ȽmȓȘȹȒȣȌȢȍȹʃ
4.3. PS tviP2
P'msv
PS ɹɼɞȽƤ›ȖȹŏōȣȔȡȩʂSNS Ń4ƣȨɛɉ
ɒɝɜɼɖǐȦoȰȺȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ǫŏȽĊŕȖȹȒ
ȣȦȆȸʂȒȨɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȦÖƞȖȹȶȈȥƑĹȽÛȟ
ɉɼɹɼɞžȽ PS ɹɼɞ(Privacy Sensitive Word)ȣȔȡ
ŌǗȔȡȊȍʂAĄȦľȇȹʃȒȨ PS ɹɼɞȨƤ›íĝȣȔ
ȡȩʂȨEëȦȶȸɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȣƁȉȷȺȹɉɼɹ
ɼɞȨȇȎȟȋȽǍ·ȦǎÕȖȹȒȣȌƁȉȷȺȹȌʂȒȨȶ
Ȉȥí´ȢȩșȨ PS ɹɼɞȽǎÕȔțȨƓǔȦ'–Ȗȹ
ȒȣȦȥȹțȳʂAĄŶąȨÇÄȌȥȇʃȒȺȽǏȐȹț
ȳȦʂ‰ǔȨɚɂɼɝȽ ƶȦȔțŷơōȥ?ĺȦȶȹƇQ
ōȥƤ›íĝȽƁȉȹȒȣȦȖȹʃȒȺȦȶȸʂPS ɹɼɞȨǎ
›ȦȨEëȌ8ȸȦȎȇȨȢʂAĄŶąȨÇÄȩƉ
Ȧȥȹʃ
JŪȢ½ȷȺț¸ÉŰȨǭ³ƝĄÅ€ȋȷ PS ɹɼɞȨ
ƇQ×@?ĺȽĊƢȖȹʃ¸ÉŰȨǭ³ƝĄÅ€ȩɚɂɼ
ɝɀɼɈɂɨȋȷ½ȷȺțŀȢȆȹțȳʂƈōȦùȍǂ
ȰȺȹ¸ÉŰȨǭ³ȌǷȎȥȸʂɩɴɂɣɐɼ)õȦĹȺ
ȹĴüȨɉɼɹɼɞȽĊŕȖȹȒȣȌȢȍȥȇʃșȒȢʂɚɂ
ɼɝɀɼɈɂɨȋȷȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅȦǝȖȹɚɂɼɝȨȱȢ
¸ÉŰƝĄȣǭ³ƝĄȽƏȞțŀȽĘƾȔʂĒȦřȖ?
ĺɧɸɼȦȶȞȡ PS ɹɼɞȽ×@ȖȹȒȣȣȔțʃ
Step1 ȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅɚɂɼɝȨ×@
ȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅȦǝȖȹɚɂɼɝɜɼɖȽ½ȹțȳȦ ƶɚ
ɂɼɝɜɼɖȋȷYƭʉȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅȌoȰȺȹɚɂɼɝȽ
×@Ȗȹʃ
Step2-1 ȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅɚɂɼɝȦ ȖȹƝĄ
ȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅȣȇȈYƭȌoȰȺȹɚɂɼɝȦ Ȕȡʂ¸É
ŰƝĄȽƏȈʃ ĒȦʂǭ³ƝĄȽƏȇʂYƭȨ@Ĺǭ³é
ȣ Y ƭ Ƚ @ L Ȗ ȹ ʃ Ȓ Ȩ Y ƭ @ Ĺ ǭ ³ é Ƚ Tp (True
Positive)ȣ›ſȖȹʃ
Step2-2 ƈɚɂɼɝȦ ȖȹƝĄ
ɚɂɼɝɀɼɈɂɨ9Ȧ Ȕȡʂ¸ÉŰƝĄȽƏȈʃ øȦ
ǭ³ƝĄȽƏȇʂYƭȨ@Ĺǭ³éȣYƭȽ@LȖȹʃ Ȓ
ȨYƭ@Ĺǭ³éȽ Fp (False Positive)ȣ›ſȖȹʃ
Step3 ǍjĸŨ@
ƗyǍjĸ(Precision)ȣȩʂYƭʉȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅȌoȰȺ
ȹɚɂɼɝȣƈōȥɚɂɼɝȦ ȖȹȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅƗyǭ
³ȋȷŨ@ȓȺȹĘĸȢʂ´ɾʄɿȣȔȡŨ@Ȗȹʃ
4.2. PS tviPf^bh'
Tp
ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹPǹrecision
ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹw ǹ=ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ wǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ɾʄɿ
T pw + F pw
{ʆǹ ɛɉɒɝ¢~AĄí´
4. PS tviP25
4.1. PS tviP5=
PS ɹɼɞȽ×@ȖȹțȳȦȩʂɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐȨ¸ÉŰ
ƝĄȽƏȈÀƗȌȆȹȌʂșȨ PS ɹɼɞȽēŘȦ×@Ȗȹ
țȳȦʂĒȨȶȈȥɛɉɒɝƝĄȢǣȖȹ?ĺȽƏȈʃ
ɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐȨɊɷɺɑɺɋ
ɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐȨɛɉɒɝƝĄȽljȳȹȣ SNS ĴüȨľƭ
ȵǯê•ȥȤȨɢɂɓȌŋļȔʂǍBȥ PS ɹɼɞȽĊ@Ȣ
ȍȗʂ ƝĄȌçȖȹ[yȣȴȥȹʃ șȒȢʂɢɂɓȨǢ\
ȽƏȈțȳȦ PS ɹɼɞȨ ƶȦȥȷȥȇƗȥê•CȽǢ
ˆȔțʃǢˆ ƶȣȥȹƗȥê•CȣȔȡȩʂ @mentionʂ
URLʂ VƜɻ9ƜƊé•ƣhȣȔțʃ
TpʉȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅȢ×@ȔțɚɂɼɝȨ@Ĺǭ³é
FpʉƈōȦľȇȷȺȹɚɂɼɝȨ@Ĺǭ³é
ȒȨƗyǍjĸȽľȇȹȒȣȦȶȸʂȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅɚɂɼɝ
ȢǭżȦ$ȼȺȹYƭȽ¢ȍ@Ȗʃ
Step4 ǍjĸȨɕɼɝ
ǍjĸǬȦɕɼɝȽȋȐȡƇQ×@ȓȺț Ȩ¸ÉŰȋ
ȷʂÍȃȌȄɩɴɂɣɐɼȅƗyȦǝȖȹ¸ÉŰȢȆȹȴȨȽ
ǎÕȔț 20 YƭȽ PS ɹɼɞȣȔȡ›ſȔțʃ
プライバシーアウェアネスに向けたソーシャルメディアのプライバシー侵害分析 111
4.4. PS tviOTVeZvhP;RJ
ĀŗšȨŏōȩɩɴɂɣɐɼ) ƶȣȥȹ SNS Ń4
ƣȽɀɼɈɂɨȋȷĊ@ȖȹȒȣȢȆȸʂxȨAĄ ƶ
ȦȊȇȡȩɚɂɼɝɀɼɈɂɨȋȷɩɴɂɣɐɼ)Ń4
ȍɚɂɼɝȽĊ@ȖȹȒȣȦȆȹʃșȨțȳʂiɚɂɼɝɜɼɖ
ȦƧ(ĨȽƤȐɚɂɼɝȽ×@ȔȥȐȺȪȥȷȥȇʃșȒ
ȢʂPS ɹɼɞȣȔȡ›ſȔț 20 YƭȦ Ȕȡ PS ɹɼɞȨƗ
yǍjĸȌǷȇǬȦ 201 ȨǒȱȐŀȽNȔʂȒȨ
ǒȱȐȽľȇȡɚɂɼɝȦ PS ɹɼɞȦȠȎɩɴɂɣɐɼ
)0ŀ(WeightScoreSum)Ƚ´(2)ȦȶȞȡNȔțʃ
ȔʂȆȹ PS ɹɼɞȌFȨ PS ɹɼɞȽSoȔȡȇȹɌɼɒ
ȌȆȸʂșȨjȩǒȱȐŀȌǒƖơŨȓȺȥȇȶȈȦ
Ȗȹʃ
W SSw =
20
(W pswi ∗ ग़‫਺ݱ‬w )
ɾʅɿ
i=1
WpswʉPS ɹɼɞǒȱȐɒɍɀ0
PS ɹ ɼ ɞ Ȩ Ɨ y Ǎ j ĸ ȣ ɩ ɴ ɂ ɣ ɐ ɼ )  0 Å €
(WeightScoreSum)ȽƑʄȦřȖʃ
Ƒʄǹ PS ɹɼɞǍjĸȣǒȱɒɍɀ
୯‫໊ޠ‬
Tp
ϓϥΠόγʔ
40062 40062
ϓϥΠόγʔ৵֐ 1465
Fp
1465
ద߹཰
Wps
0.5
20
0.5
19
৵֐
2448
35155
0.065
18
঻૾‫ݖ‬
429
11966
0.035
17
໊༪ᆝଛ
84
7757
0.011
16
ܰࢹ
237
24270
0.0097
15
࿙Ӯ
74
13621
0.0054
14
‫͑ݟؙ‬
188
55547
0.0034
13
ࢲੜ‫׆‬
96
33006
0.0029
12
4682
0.0026
11
117131 0.0019
10
ωοτετʔΧʔ 12
ྲྀग़
227
ϓϥΠϕʔτ
316
167645 0.0019
9
඄ᨱதই
41
20356
0.0020
8
Ӆ͠ࡱΓ
17
17135
0.0010
7
౪ࡱ
98
111560 0.00088 6
ਨΕྲྀ͠
76
123443 0.00062 5
ෆ༻ҙ
11
20209
ࡽ͠
139
329723 0.00042 3
ෆշ‫ײ‬
15
329723 0.00040 2
ෆద੾
14
35622
0.00054 4
0.00040 1
ŶąȨɧȿɂɵɺɋɩɸɔɒȢƏȞțʃ·DʂREST ¸´ API
Ȧȶȹ›ýǜȨɫɼɵɺɋaǥȢȩ™›ȢjȞțȌʂ
Streaming API ȌɵɵɼɒȓȺț»ȩʂ™›ōȦɊɸɼɵɺ
ɋȢȍȹȶȈȦȥȞțʃaǥȔțɜɼɖȩ›rýȢɧȿɂɶ
ȬõǥŠȖȹȣȣȴȦʂAĄ?ĺȨPĸTȨțȳȦ
Oracle11gR2 ȬĈůȔũĺȖȹȶȈȦȔțʃ
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Ń4ɜɼɖǐȨAĄ
Ń4ȍɚɂɼɝȦǝLjȖȹ9ȡȨŃ4ȨɗɃɺɸɼɞȽƏ
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ȽƏȞțʃșȨŶąʂǰĹōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȣȥȹǯ
Ń4ȌoȰȺȹɚɂɼɝɷɍɼɞȽ×@ȔʂșȨKjȩ9!
Ȩ 19%ȦȥȞțʃĕȸȨ 81%ȨɚɂɼɝɷɍɼɞȩʂĪ|ō
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JȦ›ſĥȱȨ PS ɹɼɞȣ}lɹɼɞȌoȰȺȡȇȹȋ
ȤȈȋȨAĄȽƏȞțʃƑʅȦřȖȶȈȦʂɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐ
Ȧȩ PS ɹɼɞȶȸȴ}lɹɼɞȌȶȸ‰Ȏ$ȼȺȡȇȹȒȣȌ
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țɚɂɼɝɷɍɼɞȦȶȸ‰ȎoȰȺȡȇȹȒȣȌAȋȞțʃ
Ƒʅǹ PS ɹɼɞ_ȫ}lɹɼɞȽoȲɷɍɼɞȨĘĸ
PS 0.03%
0.09%
0.9%
4.1%
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¦ÄɜɼɖǐȨ GPS ź³ɻŵ³Å€ȣʂŃ4ɜɼɖȦǣ
ȔȡƣǗȓȺȡȇȹ EXIF ɜɼɖȌoȰȺȡȇȹȋȤȈȋȨ
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ĸȌǷȇȒȣȌAȋȞțʃ
Ƒʆǹ ź³ɻŵ³_ȫ EXIF ɜɼɖȽoȲɷɍɼɞȨĘĸ
5. <eZvhYv]ZnX(HM
5.1. 9NLVgvd
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ȨȢʂǥŠȓȺțNj\Ȩ SNS ÔşƣȽľȇȹȒȣȦȖȹʃ
<!ōȦȩʂTwitter ɎɼɥɒȬȨÔşƣȽ ƶȣȔʂ
2012 ° 5 û 30 ð2012 ° 8 û 30 ðȰȢȨýǜȦ
Twitter ɜɼɖaǥ API ɚɼɶȽľȇȡaǥƍŠȔțŮ
900 ȨɚɂɼɝɀɼɈɂɨȽľȇțʃ ȒȨɀɼɈɂɨȽ
#ÌȖȹíĝȩʂTwitter ƣȨɊɸɼɵɺɋɩɸɔɒȣșȨ
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0.8%
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0.2%
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ƣȽÔşȔț ŽȩʂǖnjȨǵȵƏČîƤȨrǁȦ‰Ȏ
ǥȔȡȇȹȒȣȌAȋȞțʃ
112
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dzƵîƤȵʼnǡȥȤȨǧ®ȦɩɴɂɣɐɼȦæÈȥîƤȵ
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ɂɣɐɼ)ȣȥȹƗyȽƙITȢȍțȒȣȦȥȸʂĒţȢ
řȖɩɴɂɣɐɼɀɃɄɀɡɒȨߎƏĭȨćÙȣȔȡľȇ
ȹȒȣȌȢȍȹʃ
6. oqZkavY[\Yjb
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ź³ɻŵ³Å€ȣ EXIF ɜɼɖȨA¬
(§ÏŹȨƗǵȣʂɜɁɓɠɼɴɺɞȵȊfǃȦǥ)
5.3. /P1
ƈȦɩɴɂɣɐɼɀɃɄɀɡɒȣȩʂȆȹɲɼɏȨƏĭ
Ȍɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȽƹȒȔșȈȥǨȦȊȇȡʂșȨ)
ĺŀȽàřȖȹȒȣȦȶȸɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȣȥȹȒȣȽɲɼ
ɏȦęȋȘʂþįȦɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȽǞȏɎɼɥɒȽÜ
ȖʃȒȺȩʂɩɴɂɣɐɼAǓȨɇɩɝɂɺ*ƵŧȦő·Ȕʂ
ŶąōȦɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȨĩġǔȌ¤ȥȎȥȹȨȢʂŚ
ȦcȐ8ȺȵȖȇȣƁȉȷȺȡȇȹʃĀŗšȢȩʂȒȺȽ
SNS ȬȨŃ4ÔşõȨɩɴɂɣɐɼ)Ȧ·ȡȩȳʂɩɴ
ɂɣɐɼ)džŕɎɼɥɒȣȔȡĊƢȽƏȞțʃ
6.1. `vlb!3
ȒȺȰȢȨAĄȦȶȸʂŮ 12 ȨŃ4ȽoȲɚɂɼɝȋ
ȷʂǰĹōɩɴɂɣɐɼʁĪ|ōɩɴɂɣɐɼȨjŨȢ
24%Ȩɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȨeƆÄȌȆȹɚɂɼɝȽĊ@Ȕțʃ
úDȨŃ4ɜɼɖǐȨAĄȦȊȐȹǯĊ@ȦȶȸʂŮ 12 ȨŃ4ȽoȲɚɂɼɝȋȷ 19%ȽǰĹōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*
Ƶ ƶȣȔȡ×@ȔțʃȔʂĹõĬȢȩÔşƂȌƇȷƇƻ
ȨǯȽÔşȔțǯŃ4ȌoȰȺȡȇȹʃɀɺɌɼɝŶąȢȩʂ
ƇȷÔşȔțƇƻȨǯȩǒƗƚȔȥȇȣȆȞțȶȈȦʂ»
ȩǯƬƦȦȶȸʂÔşƂȨǯŃ4ȽǢˆȖȹÀƗȌȆȹʃ
ȰțʂĪ|ōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȨeƆÄȌȆȹɚɂɼ
ɝȩ 5%Ȣʂɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐɻ¦ÄɜɼɖǐȨAĄȦȶȸʂĪ
|ōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȣȔȡĊ@ȖȹȒȣȌȢȍțʃĴ
Ȧ SNS GľɲɼɏȌËÃȖȹ ŽÅ€ȶȸʂǵrǁɻƏČ
}Ȣȶȸ‰ȎȨŃ4ÔşȌƏȼȺȡȇȹȒȣȌAȋȞțʃø
ȦʂɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐȦ”ǵ”ȦǝLjȖȹ}lȌ‰ȎoȰȺȡ
ȇȹȒȣȋȷʂõŢǜŀȩ¦ÄɜɼɖǐȨȱȢȥȎʂɛɉ
ɒɝɜɼɖǐȦȴɹɼɞȣȔȡÛȞȡȇȹȒȣȌAȋȞțʃ
5.4. oqZkavP>
ǼǺǼ GľɲɼɏȌ ǼǺǼ ȦŃ4ÔşȽƏȈJȦʂJGľ
ȖȹȢƂȨɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȣȥȸ½ȹƗyȽŃ4ɜɼ
ɖɻɛɉɒɝɜɼɖťȋȷƝĄȔʂșȨÜãdžŕȽƏȈʃȒȺ
ȦȶȸʂiŃ4ÔşɲɼɏȩʂƇƻȨɩɴɂɣɐɼƝǑȨƓ
ǔȦ'–ȖȹȒȣȥȎʂ;džƝǑȦȶȹJȨɩɴɂɣɐɼ
)ǫŏȨŘƬȽƏȈȒȣȌeƆȣȥȹʃȔʂúųōȥ
ǼǺǼ ȬȨŃ4ƣȨÔşȩGľɲɼɏȦ“ȧȹȒȣȣȔʂÔ
şșȨȴȨȽ¶HōȦÓHȩȔȥȇȣȖȹʃǹ
ǹ
[16]
ȨAĄŶąȋȷʂƑʇȦřȖȶȈȦʂɚɂəɖɼȬȨ
Ń4ÔşõȦɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȣȥȹƗyȨDZ~TȽƏȈȒ
ȣȌȢȍȹʃȒȨƑȦȊȇȡʂƏČ}ȣȩʂȊfȵɜɁɓɠ
Ƒʇǹ ɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ƗyȨDZ~T
Ń4ɜɼɖǹ
ǯŃ4ǹ
Āǹ
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ǽǹ
ǽǹ
ǽǹ
ǽǹ
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ǹ
{ʇǹ ɩɴɂɣɐɼ)džŕɎɼɥɒȨɐɒɛɭĎÌǹ
6.2. `vlbPoscb
ĀɎɼɥɒ=ǐȨAĄɩɸɔɒȽ{ʇȦřȖʃĀɎɼɥɒ
ȩ‹ȍȎAȐȡʂɧɷɼɭƝĄʂɩɴɂɣɐɼ)E›ʂɩɴ
ɂɣɐɼ)E›džŕȨ 3 ɩɸɔɒȦAȋȺȹʃɧɷɼɭƝ
ĄɩɸɔɒȢȩʂJŪȢƮñȔțŃ4ɜɼɖǐɻɛɉɒɝɜ
ɼɖǐɻ¦ÄɜɼɖǐȨ 3 ɧȿɊɖȦŔŏȔʂɜɼɖǐėȨ
AĄȽƏȈʃɩɴɂɣɐɼ)E›ɩɸɔɒȢȩʂJɩɸɔ
ɒȨɧɷɼɭƝĄŶąȽķƇȨɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ɧɷɼɭ
DB ȽGľȔȡʂɩɴɂɣɐɼ)E›ȽƏȈʃú»ȦGľ
ɲɼɏȦ ȔȡʂE›ŶąȨdžŕȽƏȈʃǹ
Step1 ɧɷɼɭƝĄ
ɧɷɼɭƝĄȣȩʂŃ4ɜɼɖǐɻɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐɻ¦Äɜ
プライバシーアウェアネスに向けたソーシャルメディアのプライバシー侵害分析 113
ɼɖǐȨAĄȦȶȸʂŃ4ÔşƣȨÇsȽť(ȥɧɷɼ
ɭȣȔȡ×@Ȗȹ?ĺȽÜȖʃúDȦŃ4ɜɼɖǐȨAĄ
ȽƏȇʂǰĹōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȣĪ|ōɩɴɂɣɐɼ
*Ƶ ƶȦADZȔʂ*ƵɯɜɶȦěȞțAĄȽƏȈʃșȨ
AĄŶąȦȶȸʂɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐɻ¦ÄɜɼɖǐȽŴȱj
ȼȘȡDžNAĄȽƏȈʃșȨŶąʂSNS Ń4ÔşȦ Ȗȹ
ɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ǫŏȨ×@ȌƏȼȺȹʃǹ
ȢȩʂiɜɼɖǐȨAĄÏĝȽřȖʃ
jȩʂșȨƝÄȽĚȳȹ3mȦȆȹȒȣȴȼȋȞțʃȰțʂ
Nj\ȨɚɂɼɝɀɼɈɂɨȽGľȔȡʂŃ4¢~AĄȦȶ
ȸʂSNS GľɲɼɏȬɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ǫŏȽAĄȔʂŶ
ąȽDZ~TȔțʃú»ȦʂȒȨDZ~Ƚ`óȔțɩɴɂɣɐɼ
)džŕɎɼɥɒȽàĉȔțʃ
ɾʄɿŃ4ɜɼɖǐ
ĀşȽȰȣȳȹȦȆțȸʂĒȨíȃȦŗšȨXLȽǪȍʂ
ÌąȽ]ıȓȘȡǪȇțȒȣȦÈƲȖȹʃ
łĿgǚʂ£§ƷʂšğʂǷĿȓȣȱ
úDȦʂvľȨǯƬƳɕɧɝɃɄɀȦȶȹŃ4ƝĄȽƏȇʂ
ȨŀȽb½Ȗȹʃ
ǯĊ@ʉŃ4ȋȷǯŀȽĊ@Ȗȹ
ǯƬƦʉǯĊ@ȶȸĊ@ȓȺțǯȌ SNS Ń4ÔşɲɼɏƇƻ
ȢȆȹȋȨǯƬƦȽƏȈ
ɐɼɺƬƳʉŃ4ȋȷäºȓȺțDz÷ɻŠ÷ɻ‡İȐťȨɐɼɺ
ȽƬƳȖȹ
ƒ>!Ċ@ʉŃ4ȋȷƗȥƒ>!Ȍ"ȢȆȹȋȽĊ@Ȗȹ
ÄFɻ°ǸߛʉǯĊ@ȦȶȸĊ@ȓȺțǯȋȷÄFȣ°ȽĊ
@Ȗȹ
ȒȺȷȨŀȽ$ľȔʂǰĹōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȣĪ|
ōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȦADZȖȹʃ
ɾʅɿɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐ
Ń4ɜɼɖǐƝĄȶȸʂǰĹōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȢȥ
ȋȞțjʂɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐƝĄȽŴȱjȼȘȹȢʂĪ
|ōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȢȆȹȋȽAĄȖȹʃɛɉɒɝɜ
ɼɖǐȨAĄȦȩʂPS ɹɼɞȽ$ľȔʂ»Ȩ PS ɹɼɞÚ
µȨțȳȦʂ—ƀđƆȽüȖȹʃȰțʂșȺˆȨɹɼɞĊ
ŕȣȔȡʂɛɉɒɝɜɼɖ=ȦÛȟõŢǜŀȽĊŕȖȹʃ
ɾʆɿ¦Äɜɼɖǐ
Ń4ɜɼɖǐƝĄȦȶȸʂǰĹōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȢ
ĮȋȞțjʂ¦ÄɜɼɖǐȽŴȱjȼȘȹȦȶȸʂĪ|
ōɩɴɂɣɐɼ*Ƶ ƶȢȆȹȋȽAĄȖȹʃ¦Äɜɼɖ
ǐȦȩʂSNS Ń4ƣȵ EXIF ŀȨź³ɻŵ³ȣȇȞț
ŽÅ€ʂɲɼɏɩɸɧɁɼɶɻÔşõǜȌoȰȺȹʃĀɎ
ɼɥɒȢȩʂ ŽÅ€ȵÔşõǜȦĞŏȔʂAĄȽƏȈʃ
Step2 ɩɴɂɣɐɼ)E›
ɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȨE›ȩʂNj\ȨɚɂɼɝɀɼɈɂɨȨA
Ąȋȷ½ȷȺțɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ɧɷɼɭ DB Ȩ]ıȋȷ
ǍɻǍȨE›ȽƏȈ ʃStep1 ȨAĄȦȶȸʂŃ4Ôşƣ
ȨŃ4ɜɼɖǐɻɛɉɒɝɜɼɖǐɻ¦Äɜɼɖǐȋȷɩɴɂ
ɣɐɼ)ǫŏȨ×@ŶąȣȔȡɧɷɼɭTȌƏȼȺȹʃȒ
ȨɧɷɼɭȽ ƶȦʂ6Əŗš [12] Ȩí´ȦȶȹɇɨɑɄɊ
ɝɻɀɊɐɳɺɻɐɼɺȨɧɷɼɭǜȨĎLJĘƾȋȷʂɩɴɂɣ
ɐɼ)ȨüĮȽE›Ȗȹʃ
Step3 ɩɴɂɣɐɼ)E›Ȩdžŕ
JɒɛəɩȨɩɴɂɣɐɼ)E›Ȧȡʂ)ȨeƆÄȆȸ
ȣE›ȓȺțɧɷɼɭȽðĀƭTȔʂșȨŀȽɎɼɥɒG
ľɲɼɏȦdžŕȖȹʃȥȊʂúųōȥŃ4ÔşenEëȩʂ
ɎɼɥɒGľɲɼɏȦ“ȧʂE›ŶąȨdžŕȦŅȳȹȒȣȣ
Ȗȹʃ
7 :
1 &
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
7. IWUO
SNS ȬȨŃ4ÔşõȦŋļȖȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȨDZ
~TȣșȨ*ƵŧȢȆȹɩɴɂɣɐɼɀɃɄɀɡɒȽàĉȔ
țʃĀşȢȩʂSNS ȦÔşȓȺȹ>œȨɩɴɂɣɐɼưĆȣ
ǮȔțɀɺɌɼɝȽœîŶąȣȔȡʂSNS GľɲɼɏȩƇƻ
ȨõŢǜŀȨĩġȽęȦȖȹȣ;ȦʂŕȨõŢǜŀ
ȦȴęȦȖȹȌAȋȞțʃøȦʂSNS ȬŃ4ÔşȽƏȈ
Twitterʉhttps://twitter.com/, 2012
Facebookʉhttps://www.facebook.com/, 2012
Royal Pingdom, ”Internet 2011 in Numbers”ʂ
http://royalʃpingdomʃcom/2012/01/17/internet-2011in-numbers/, 2012
Face.comʉ http://face.com/, 2012
ɝɷɺɞɬɂɊɸ: “SNS ȣâ­ǦƩȨGľȦȊȐȹɩɴɂɣɐ
ɼÇƳưĆ”ʂhttp://jpʃtrendmicroʃcom/jp/about/
news/pr/article/20120410035738ʃhtml, 2012
Google, “ɫɵɐɼȣ[I”, http://www.google.com/
intl/ja/policies/privacy/, 2012
ǷĿȓȣȱ, £§Ʒ, łĿgǚ, šğ, ªĿƋ, "SNS Ń
4ÔşõȦŋļȖȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȨƗyAĄ", Ǧ”Å
€dž+— EMM ŗšÑƐ€q,2012
ªĿƋ, "ɲɼɏ]N~÷ƛɎɼɥɒȦoȰȺȹĪ|ōɩɴɂ
ɣɐɼȨ*Ƶŧ", Ǧ”Å€dž+— EMM ŗšÑƐ€
q,2011.
ŕǓƘ1ŒʂĂ7ǘʂ©‹ʂìĿՔʂƎſnjʂǴ
dŌʂ”PreSurv:ɩɴɂɣɐɼ*ƵđƆȽüȖȹº4Ɏɼɪ
ɂɴɺɒɐɒɛɭǾʂŀ?ĺ—Ʊêƫɍɺɦɱɼɖɥɑɳɺ
ȣɂɮɼɑɮɜɁɀʂVolʃ1ʂ Noʃ2ʂ 2008
Google ɬəɩɒɝɵɼɝɥɱɼʂGoogleʂhttp://mapsʃ
Google.com/intl/ja/help/maps/streetview/privacy.html,
2012
Ħǁ†ĐʂIJ¨ôʂ=Ĥǹ ¹ʂkģǹ Ɣʂǿ SNS Ȩɛɉ
ɒɝȋȷɩɴɂɣɐɼŀȽĊŕȖȹɐɒɛɭȨĎÆ ȣ2
Ƨ(ǿʂ ðĀɔɉɱɵɛɁɻɬɡɑɮɺɝ—ƫ 24(3)ʂ 15-30ʂ
2011ʃ
A. Farhadi, M. Hejrati, M. A. Sadeghi, P. Young, C.
Rashtchian, J. Hockenmaier and D. Forsyth: "Every
picture tells a story: Generating sentences from
images", ECCV, pp. 15-28, 2010.
Benjamin,Z.Yao, Xiong Yang, Liang Lin, Mun Wai Lee,
Song-Chun Zhu: “I2T: Image Parsing to Text
Description”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol8, no8, 2010
ǯŃ4ɔɺɐɺɋÑƐ OKAO Vision, OMRON,
http://www.omron.co.jp/ecb/products/mobile/
okao01.html, 2012
MeCab, «ƎØ,
http://mecab.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/mecab/doc/inde
x.html, 2012
łĿgǚ, £§Ʒ, šğ, ǷĿȓȣȱ, ªĿƋ, ƺJM
"SNS >œÔşȦƹyȖȹɩɴɂɣɐɼ)ȨDZ~TȣșȨ
*Ƶŧ", Ǧ”Å€dž+— EMM ŗšÑƐ€q,2012
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.115－119 （2012） 〔総説〕
RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾㛤ദሗ࿌
ᅵ ᒇ 㝧 ௓*㻌 䞉㻌 ຍ ⸨ ⏤ ⰼ*㻌 䞉㻌 ᡂ ⏣ 㞞 ᙪ*
Report of Robot Service Contest Using RSNP
Yosuke Tsuchiya*, Yuka Kato* and Masahiko Narita*
Abstract
Robot services initiative (RSi) hold a robot service contest using RSNP (Robot Service Network
Protocol) in September 2012. A possibility that hardware will become low-cost and advanced software
will become open is very high in the future. In such situations we expect that the RSNP contest
contribute to accumulating a many knowledge/experience as a project with which a
university/educational facilities and industry cooperated, strengthening of industrial competitiveness
and ideal future robot business. In this paper, we report result of the RSNP contest.
Keywords: RSNP, Contest, Robot Service
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
2.1. 䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾┠ⓗ
䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛸䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾⼥ྜ䛿᪂䛧䛔ศ㔝䛷䛒䜚䠈᪂䛧䛔
䝡䝆䝛䝇䛾ᙧ䛸䛧䛶䜒ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺୰䠈䝻䝪䝑䝖
䝃䞊䝡䝇䜲䝙䝅䜰䝏䝤(Robot Services initiative: RSi)[1]
䛷䛿䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷䝻䝪䝑䝖䛻䜘䜛䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䜢ά⏝䛧䛯㨩ຊ䛒
䜛䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢⡆༢䛛䛴౽฼䛻฼⏝䛷䛝䜛♫఍䜢┠ᣦ
䛧䠈RSNP (Robot Service Network Protocol)䛾௙ᵝస
ᡂ䞉ᬑཬ䛻ດ䜑䛶䛝䛯䠊RSNP 䛿䠈ᵝ䚻䛺䝻䝪䝑䝖䛜⡆༢䠈ຠ
⋡ⓗ䛻䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖ୖ䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䜈᥋⥆ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䝻䝪䝑䝖
䝃䞊䝡䝇ྥ䛡䛾㏻ಙ䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹௙ᵝ䛷䠈䛂㏻ಙᶵ⬟䛃䛂䝻䝪䝑䝖
ືసᣦ♧ᶵ⬟䛃䛂䝬䝹䝏䝯䝕䜱䜰ᶵ⬟䛃䛂᝟ሗᥦ౪ᶵ⬟䛃䛺䛹
䛾䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䜢௓䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᇶᮏᶵ⬟䜢ᥦ౪
䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛭䛣䛷䠈䛥䜙䛺䜛 RSNP 䛾ᬑཬ䛸㨩ຊ䛒䜛䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇
䛾඘ᐇ䛾䛯䜑䛻䛂RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䝁䞁䝔䝇
䝖 (௨ୗ䠈ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖)䛃䛸㢟䛧䛶௒ᖺᗘึ䜑䛶䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䜢㛤
ദ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛧䛯䠊
䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䜢㛤ദ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺䜰䜲䝕䜰䠈䜘䜚㉁䛾
㧗䛔䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜㞟䜎䜚䠈䛭䜜䜙䜢ᥦ౪䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛
䛸ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䜛䠊ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾‽ഛ䛚䜘䜃⤖ᯝ䛻
䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊
ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛷䛿䠈䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛸䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾⼥ྜ䛻䜘䜛䠈䜲
䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䜢ά⏝䛧䛯㨩ຊ䛒䜛䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢䜘䜚ከ䛟䛾
ே䛻ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛣䛸䠈ከ䛟䛾ே䛛䜙ᵝ䚻䛺▱㆑/⤒㦂䜢㞟✚䛩䜛
䛣䛸䠈䝻䝪䝑䝖ᴗ⏺/䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰ᴗ⏺䛚䜘䜃Ꮫ⾡◊✲ᶵ㛵䛾┦
஫Ⓨᒎ䠈ᅜ㝿➇தຊ䛾ᙉ໬䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䠈RSNP 䛾ㄆ▱ᣑ኱䠈
䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䜔䝃䞁䝥䝹䝁䞊䝗䛾཰㞟䠈RSNP ᑐᛂ䝻䝪䝑
䝖䛾ቑຍ䜢≺䛖䠊
2.2. ເ㞟せ௳
ᑐ㇟⪅䛿䠈ᅜෆእ䛾኱Ꮫ䠈◊✲ᶵ㛵䛚䜘䜃௻ᴗ䛻ᅾ⡠䛾
⪅䛸䛧䠈ಶே䛷䛾ᛂເ䜒チྍ䛧䛯䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈ୖグ䛷㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖
䛻䠈ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛿᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍Ꮫ⾡ㅮ₇఍䛻䛶ᡂᯝⓎ
⾲䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䠈Ⓨ⾲⪅䛿᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍䛾఍ဨ䛷䛒䜛ᚲせ
䛜䛒䜛䠊
సရ䛾ເ㞟䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈 RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯௨ୗ䛾స
ရ䛾䝆䝱䞁䝹䜢ເ㞟䛧䛯䠊
y
y
y
䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇/API
RSNP ᑐᛂ䝻䝪䝑䝖
䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖
2. 䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖ᴫせ
ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛿䠈ẖᖺᐃᮇⓗ䛻㛤ദ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢⪃៖䛧䛶䠈ẖ
ᖺ⛅䛻㛤ദ䛥䜜䜛᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍Ꮫ⾡ㅮ₇఍䛻䛶ᡂᯝⓎ
⾲䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛻䛧䛯䠊௒ᖺᗘ䛿ึ䜑䛶䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䜢㛤ദ䛩䜛䛣
䛸䜒䛒䜚䠈➨ 30 ᅇ᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍Ꮫ⾡ㅮ₇఍ 30 ᅇグᛕ୍
⯡බ㛤஦ᴗ䛸䛧䛶㛤ദ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊ᮏ❶䛷䛿䠈ᮏ䝁䞁䝔
䝇䝖䛾ᴫせ䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊
ᮏ᮶䛺䜙᏶ᡂ䛥䜜䛯䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䠈䜒䛧䛟
䛿 RSNP ᑐᛂ䛾䝻䝪䝑䝖䛰䛡䜢ເ㞟䛩䜛䛸䛣䜝䛷䛿䛒䜛䛜䠈
௒ᅇึ䜑䛶䛾䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜒䛒䜚䠈䜎䛪䛿 RSNP 䜢▱
䛳䛶䜒䜙䛖䛸䛔䛖䛯䜑䛻䜒䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䝺䝧䝹䛾䜰䜲䝕䜰䜒ເ㞟䛾
ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛯䠊᮶ᖺᗘ௨㝆䛿䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䠈
䛚䜘䜃 RSNP ᑐᛂ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛰䛡䜢ເ㞟䛩䜛ணᐃ䛷䛒䜛䠊
2.3. ୺ദ䛚䜘䜃༠ຊᅋయ
ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛿㛵㐃ᅋయ䛛䜙༠ຊ䜢ᚓ䛶䠈㛤ദ䛩䜛䜎䛷䛻
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
土屋陽介
116
⮳䛳䛯䠊ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾୺ദ䛚䜘䜃༠ຊᅋయ䛻䛴䛔䛶⾲ 1 䛻
♧䛩䠊
⾲ 1㻌 ୺ദ䛚䜘䜃༠ຊᅋయ୍ぴ
୺ദ
ඹദ
5 ᭶ 16 ᪥
⾲ 2㻌 䝇䜿䝆䝳䞊䝹(2012 ᖺ)
Web 䝃䜲䝖❧䛱ୖ䛢䠈࿌▱㛤ጞ
7 ᭶ 20 ᪥
䜶䞁䝖䝸䞊⥾䜑ษ䜚
8 ᭶ 31 ᪥
సရᥦฟ⥾䜑ษ䜚
RSi
9 ᭶ 18 ᪥
䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖ᑂᰝⓎ⾲఍
᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍
9 ᭶ 19 ᪥
ᑂᰝ⤖ᯝⓎ⾲䠈⾲ᙲᘧ
ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ఍ SI 㒊㛛
䝻䝪䝑䝖䝡䝆䝛䝇᥎㐍༠㆟఍
༠㈶
NEDO䠄᪂䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䞉⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ䠅
3. 㐠Ⴀ䞉‽ഛ
㟁Ꮚ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᏛ఍ CNR ◊✲఍
䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾㐠Ⴀ䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈࿌▱䛚䜘䜃ཧຍ⪅⏝䛾 Web 䝃
䜲䝖䠈䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱䝃䜲䝖䠈RSNP 䛾䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䝃䜲䝖䜢‽ഛ
䛧䛯䠊ᮏ❶䛷䛿䛣䜜䜙䛾䝃䜲䝖䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊䛺䛚䠈㐠Ⴀ䞉
‽ഛ䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ NSP ◊✲ᡤ䛜஦
ົᒁ䛸䛺䜚䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛻㛵䛩䜛ㅖ䚻䛾సᴗ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
APEN (Asia Professional Education Network)
ᚋ᥼
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ
බ❧䛿䛣䛰䛶ᮍ᮶኱Ꮫ
᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍ 䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䜢฼⏝䛧䛯
༠ຊ
䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇◊✲ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍
䛣䛾௚䛻䜒ಶே༠㈶䜢ເ㞟䛧䠈ᚋ㏙䛩䜛㈹䜢ᥦ౪䛔䛯䛰䛟
௙⤌䜏䜢⏝ព䛧䛯䠊
2.4. ㈹
䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾⤖ᯝ䛷ඃ⚽䛺ᡂ⦼䜢཰䜑䛯సရ䛻䛿㈹䜢㉗
࿊䛩䜛䠊㈹䛿䠈ୖ㏙䛧䛯୺ദ䠈ྛ༠ຊᅋయ䛚䜘䜃ಶே༠㈶
䛛䜙㈹䜢ᥦ౪䛧䛶䜒䜙䛔䠈ཷ㈹సရ䛻䛭䜜䛮䜜ᤵ୚䛩䜛䠊௨
ୗ䛻ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛷⏝ព䛧䛯㈹䛾୍ぴ䜢♧䛩䠊䛺䛚䠈ヱᙜ䛩
䜛సရ䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯ሙྜ䛿䠈䛂ヱᙜ䛺䛧䛃䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛧䛯䠊
y
y
y
᭱ඃ⚽㈹䠖㈹≧䛚䜘䜃๪㈹䠄10 ୓෇䠅
¾
RSi ㈹
ඃ⚽㈹䠖㈹≧䛚䜘䜃๪㈹䠄2 ୓෇䠅
¾
RT 䝅䝇䝔䝮䜲䞁䝔䜾䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁㈹
䠄ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ఍ SI 㒊㛛䠅
¾
䝻䝪䝑䝖䝡䝆䝛䝇᥎㐍༠㆟఍㈹
¾
᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍ 䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖
䝃䞊䝡䝇◊✲ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍㈹
ዡບ㈹䠖㈹≧
¾
APEN ㈹
2.5. ᛂເ᪉ἲ
䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䜈䛾ᛂເ䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈2 䛴䛾ᡭ㡰䛷Ⓩ㘓䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖
䛣䛸䛻䛧䛯䠊1 䛴┠䛿䠈ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖஦ົᒁ䜈䝯䞊䝹䛷䛾ཧຍ
Ⓩ㘓䠈2 䛴┠䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍Ꮫ⾡ㅮ₇఍䜈䛾ㅮ₇⏦䛧
㎸䜏䛷䛒䜛䠊๓⪅䛿䠈ཧຍ⏦㎸⪅䛾ᡤᒓ䠈Ặྡ䠈㐃⤡ඛ䠈ᛂ
ເ䛾䝆䝱䞁䝹䜢㐃⤡䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䛯䜑䛷䠈௒ᚋ䛾㐃⤡䛾䛯䜑䛻
ᚲせ䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊ᚋ⪅䛿䠈௒ᅇ᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍Ꮫ⾡ㅮ₇఍䛷
䛾ㅮ₇䛻䜘䜚ᑂᰝ䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖ཧຍ⪅䛻䛿ㄽ
ᩥᢞ✏䛻䜘䜛ㅮ₇⏦䛧㎸䜏䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊௨ୖ䛾 2 䛴䛾
Ⓩ㘓䜢䜒䛳䛶ṇᘧ䛻䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䜈䛾䜶䞁䝖䝸䞊䛸ㄆ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛻䛧
䛯䠊䛺䛚䠈ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈సᡂ䛧䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇ᴫせ䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮
ᵓᡂᅗ䠈ືస䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶グ㏙䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䛣䛸䛻䛧䛯䠊
2.6. 㛤ദ䝇䜿䝆䝳䞊䝹
ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖㛤ദ䜎䛷䛾䝇䜿䝆䝳䞊䝹䜢⾲ 2 䛻♧䛩䠊ᮏᖺ
ᗘ䛿࿌▱㛤ጞ䛛䜙ᑂᰝⓎ⾲఍䜎䛷⣙ 4 䞄᭶䛸䛔䛖▷䛔ᮇ㛫
䛷ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䠊
3.1. 䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖 Web 䝃䜲䝖
䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖 Web 䝃䜲䝖䛿䠈ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾䝯䜲䞁䛸䛺䜛 Web
䝃䜲䝖䛷䛒䜛[2](ᅗ 1 ཧ↷)䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾㛤ദ࿌▱
䜔䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾ᴫせㄝ᫂䠈ᛂເ᪉ἲ䛾ㄝ᫂䠈඲య䝇䜿䝆䝳䞊
䝹䛾ᥦ♧➼䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䜎䛯సရ䛾ᥦฟᶵ⬟䜢⏝ព䛧䠈ᛂເ
సရ䛿䛣䛾䝃䜲䝖䛛䜙ᥦฟ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䠊
3.2. 䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱䝃䜲䝖
䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖ཧຍ⪅ྠኈ䠈䛚䜘䜃 RSNP 㛵ಀ⪅䛸䛾஺ὶ䛾
䛯䜑 Facebook 䝨䞊䝆䜢⏝ព䛧䛯[3]䠊ཧຍ⪅䛜 Facebook
䝨䞊䝆䛻Ⓩ㘓䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖஦ົᒁ䛛䜙䛾㐃⤡䛺
䛹䠈䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖 Web 䝃䜲䝖䜘䜚᪂䛧䛔᝟ሗ䛜ධᡭ䛧䜔䛩䛟䛺䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾㉁ၥ䜔 RSNP 䛾௙ᵝ䛻㛵䛩䜛㉁
ၥ䜒 Facebook 䝨䞊䝆䛷ཷ䛡௜䛡䠈ཧຍ⪅඲ဨ䛜䛭䛾㉁ၥ
䛚䜘䜃ᅇ⟅䜢ඹ᭷䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䠊
3.3. RSNP 䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䝃䜲䝖
RSNP ึᚰ⪅䛷䜒䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛻ཧຍ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈RSNP
䛾ᴫせㄝ᫂䛛䜙䠈RSNP 䛾㛤Ⓨ⎔ቃ䛾ᵓ⠏᪉ἲ䛾ゎㄝ䠈
RSNP 䛾䝃䞁䝥䝹䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾㓄ᕸ䠈RSNP ௙ᵝ᭩䛾㓄ᕸ
䜢⾜䛖 RSNP 䛾䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䝃䜲䝖䜢 Wiki 䛷ᵓ⠏䛧䛯
[4](ᅗ 2 ཧ↷)䠊ᮏ䝃䜲䝖䜢ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈RSNP 䜢඲䛟▱䜙䛺䛔
ึᚰ⪅䛷䜒 RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾㛤Ⓨ⎔ቃ䛜
ᩚ䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䝃䞁䝥䝹䝥䝹䜾䝷䝮䛷䛿䠈ᐇ㝿䛻 PC 䛸
Web 䜹䝯䝷䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛䝻䝪䝑䝖䛷㐲㝸ᆅ䛾ぢᏲ䜚䜢䛩䜛䝃
䞊䝡䝇䜢⏝ព䛧䛶䠈RSNP 䜢౑䛖䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䛣䛸䛜
ฟ᮶䜛䛾䛛䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛻ᛂເ䛩䜛㝿䛾䝠䞁䝖䜢♧䛧䛯䠊
RSNP ௙ᵝ᭩䛾㓄ᕸ䛷䛿䠈3.2 ❶䛷㏙䜉䛯 Facebook 䛸
㐃ᦠ䛧䠈Facebook 䛾ㄆド䝅䝇䝔䝮 (OAuth)䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸
䛷䠈௙ᵝ᭩䜢䝎䞁䝻䞊䝗䛧䛯ே䛾ᢕᥱ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈Facebook
䝨䞊䝆䜈䛾Ⓩ㘓䜢ಁ䛩䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䠊
䜎䛯䠈ᮏ䝃䜲䝖䛿ᾏእ䛛䜙䛾ཧຍ⪅䜢ぢ㎸䜏ⱥㄒ∧䜒⏝ព
䛧䛯[5]䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚 RSNP 䛾ᅜ㝿➇தຊ䛾ᙉ໬䜢≺䛖䠊
RSNP を利用したロボットサービスコンテストの開催報告 117
䛳䛶䛿බ㛤䛷䛝䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䜘䜚䜟䛛䜚䜔
䛩䛟ㄝ᫂䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᚲせ䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈䝡䝕䜸䞉෗┿䛾ᥦฟ䜢ཷ
䛡௜䛡䛯䠊䛣䛱䜙䜒௵ពᥦฟ䛷䛒䜛䠊
4.2. RSNP ᑐᛂ䝻䝪䝑䝖
RSNP ᑐᛂ䝻䝪䝑䝖䛷䛿䠈௨ୗ䛾ᥦฟ䜢ồ䜑䛯䠊
y
y
y
y
ᅗ 1 䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖 Web 䝃䜲䝖
䝻䝪䝑䝖ᴫせ䠄䝇䝷䜲䝗 2 ᯛ⛬ᗘ䠅
䝻䝪䝑䝖฼⏝䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䠄௵ព䠅
䝻䝪䝑䝖⤂௓䝡䝕䜸䠄௵ព䠅
䝻䝪䝑䝖௙ᵝ᭩䠄௵ព䠅
䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䛚䜘䜃䝡䝕䜸䞉෗┿䛿ⴭసᶒ䛾ၥ㢟䛷ᥦฟ䛜
㞴䛧䛔䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛯䜑䠈௵ពᥦฟ䛸䛧䛯䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈䛭䛾
ሙྜ䛿䠈సᡂ䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖䛻䛴䛔䛶ヲ䛧䛟ศ䛛䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈ᴫせ
䛾ᯛᩘ䜢ቑ䜔䛧䛶ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䜒䜙䛳䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈సᡂ䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖
䛾ヲ⣽䜢グ㍕䛧䛯௙ᵝ᭩䜒௵ពᥦฟ䛸䛧䛯䠊
4.3. 䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖
௒ᅇ䠈ึ䜑䛶䛾䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜒䛒䜚䠈䜎䛰 RSNP 䛻䛴
䛔䛶ヲ䛧䛟▱䜙䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖ே䜒ከ䛔䛛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䛯䛾䛷䠈௒ᅇ䛻
㝈䜚䠈䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䝺䝧䝹䛾ᛂເ䜒ཷ䛡௜䛡䛯䠊ᥦฟ≀䛸䛧䛶䛿
௨ୗ䛾ᥦฟ䜢ồ䜑䛯䠊
y
y
y
䝃䞊䝡䝇ᴫせ䠄䝇䝷䜲䝗 4 ᯛ⛬ᗘ䠅
䝃䞊䝡䝇௙ᵝ᭩䠄௵ព䠅
䝃䞊䝡䝇฼⏝䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䠄௵ព䠅
ᅗ 2 䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䝃䜲䝖
4. ᥦฟ≀
ᑂᰝ䛾ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜛ᥦฟ≀䛿䠈2.2 ⠇䛷㏙䜉䛯ᛂເ䛾䝆䝱䞁
䝹䛻䜘䛳䛶ᥦฟ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛜㐪䛖䠊ᮏ❶䛷䛿ᥦฟ≀䛾ヲ⣽䛻
䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊
4.1. 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇/API
䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇/API 䛷䛿䠈௨ୗ䛾ᥦฟ䜢ồ
䜑䛯䠊
y
y
y
y
y
y
䝃䞊䝡䝇ᴫせ䠄䝇䝷䜲䝗 2 ᯛ⛬ᗘ䠅
API ௙ᵝ᭩
API 䛾䝞䜲䝘䝸䜒䛧䛟䛿බ㛤 URL
䝋䞊䝇䝁䞊䝗䠄௵ព䠅
䝃䞊䝡䝇฼⏝䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹
䝃䞊䝡䝇⤂௓䝡䝕䜸
ᐇ㝿䛻䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᑂᰝ䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈䝞䜲䝘䝸
䜒䛧䛟䛿බ㛤 URL 䜢ᥦฟ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䠊䜎䛯ᑂᰝဨ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈
ㄡ䛷䜒䛭䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜฼⏝䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇/API 䛾௙ᵝ
䛚䜘䜃฼⏝᪉ἲ䛴䛔䛶グ㍕䛧䛯 API ௙ᵝ᭩䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇฼⏝
䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䛾ᥦฟ䜢ồ䜑䛯䠊
䛺䛚䠈䝋䞊䝇䝁䞊䝗䛿௵ព䛷䛾ᥦฟ䛸䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜䛿௻ᴗ䛻䜘
⪃᱌䛧䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛴䛔䛶ヲ䛧䛟ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䛯䜑䠈௚䛾
䝆䝱䞁䝹䜘䜚䝃䞊䝡䝇ᴫせ䛾ᯛᩘ䜢ከ䜑䛻タᐃ䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈
ᴫせㄝ᫂䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈ᐇ㝿䛻䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䛸䛧䛶సᡂ䛧䛯௙ᵝ
᭩䜔฼⏝䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹➼䛜䛒䜜䜀ᥦฟ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䠊
䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䛾ሙྜ䠈≉䛻〇స≀䛜䛺䛔ሙྜ䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䛾
䛷䠈䛭䛾ሙྜ䛷䜒䛺䜛䜉䛟ヲ⣽䛜ศ䛛䜛䜘䛖䛻ᴫせ௨እ䛾ᥦ
ฟ䜒ồ䜑䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䠊
4.4. 䝷䜲䝉䞁䝇
ᥦฟ䛥䜜䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇䛿௒ᚋㄡ䛷䜒฼⏝䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻බ㛤䛩
䜛䛯䜑䠈సᡂ䛧䛯 API 䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ㄡ䛷䜒⮬⏤䛻౑⏝ྍ⬟䛺
䝷䜲䝉䞁䝇ᙧែ䜢䛸䜛䜘䛖䛻ồ䜑䛯䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾┠ⓗ
䛷䜒䛒䜛䠈䜘䜚ከ䛟䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䜒ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛯䛰䠈సᡂ䛧䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇/API 䛾බ㛤䛿ᚲ㡲䛸䛧䛯䛜䠈䝋䞊䝇
䛾බ㛤䜎䛷䛿ᙉไ䛿䛧䛶䛔䛺䛺䛔䠊䛣䜜䛿௻ᴗ䛻䜘䛳䛶䛿බ
㛤䛷䛝䛺䛔ሙྜ䜒䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䠊
5. ᑂᰝ᪉ἲ
ᑂᰝ䛿䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑౫㢗䛧䛶䛚䛔䛯ᑂᰝጤဨ䛜䠈ᡂᯝ≀䛾
஦๓ᑂᰝ䛸ᙜ᪥䛾䝥䝺䝊䞁䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䛳䛶⥲ྜⓗ䛻ุ᩿
䛧䛯䠊஦๓ᑂᰝ䛾ホ౯㡯┠䛸䛧䛶䛿䠓㡯┠䠈ᙜ᪥䛾ᑂᰝ䛸䛧
䛶䛿䠎㡯┠タᐃ䛧䛯䠊௨ୗ䛻䠈䛭䛾ホ౯䛾ほⅬ䛚䜘䜃䠈ホ౯
㡯┠䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊
118
土屋陽介
5.1. ホ౯䛾ほⅬ
ホ౯䛾ほⅬ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈䜎䛪䝔䞊䝬䛷䛒䜛 RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛶
䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢኱๓ᥦ䛸䛧䠈௨ୗ䛾㡯┠䜢‶䛯䛩సရ䛷䛒䜛䛛䜢
ᑂᰝ䛻䜘䛳䛶ุ᩿䛧䛯䠊
y
y
y
RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇/䝻䝪䝑䝖䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸
䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛸䝻䝪䝑䝖䜢⼥ྜ䛧䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸
฼⏝⪅䛻㨩ຊⓗ䛺䝃䞊䝡䝇䛜ᥦ౪䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸
5.2. ホ౯㡯┠
ලయⓗ䛺ホ౯㡯┠䜢⾲ 3 䛻♧䛩䠊⾲ 3 䛻䛚䛔䛶䛂ᢏ⾡ຊ䛃
䛂᏶ᡂᗘ䛃䛂䜰䜲䝕䜰䛃䛾ศ㢮䛻ᒓ䛩䜛㡯┠䛜஦๓ᑂᰝ䛾ホ
౯㡯┠䛷䠈䛂䝥䝺䝊䞁䛃䛻ᒓ䛩䜛㡯┠䛜ᙜ᪥䛾䝥䝺䝊䞁䝔䞊
䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䜛ᑂᰝ䛾ホ౯㡯┠䛷䛒䜛䠊
RSNP 䜢ຠᯝⓗ䛻฼⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢ᙉㄪ䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈
ホ౯㡯┠䛸䛧䛶୍⯡ⓗ䛺ホ౯㡯┠䛸 RSNP 䛻㛵䛩䜛ホ౯㡯
┠䛷ศ䛡䛶ᑂᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
᥇Ⅼ䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ホ౯㡯┠䛻ᑐ䛧䛶 5 ẁ㝵䠄1:᭱పࠥ5:
᭱㧗䠅䛷᥇Ⅼ䛧䠈඲ᑂᰝဨ䛾᥇Ⅼ⤖ᯝ䛾ᖹᆒ䛻䜘䜚㞟ィ䜢
⾜䛳䛯䠊
RSNP 䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䛾ᐇ᪋䛷䛿䠈ROBOMEC 2012 䛚
䜘䜃䠈᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡
䝇◊✲ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍䛾◊✲఍䠄2 ᅇ䠅䛻䛶䠈ཧຍணᐃ⪅ྥ䛡䛻
RSNP 䛾㛤Ⓨ⎔ቃᵓ⠏䛛䜙䝃䞁䝥䝹䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾ືస䜎䛷
䜢ᐇ㝿䛻䜔䛳䛶䜒䜙䛖䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䜢 3 ᅇ㛤ദ䛧䛯䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿
䛚䜘䛭 10 ྡ䛾ཧຍ⪅䛜䛔䛯䠊䛣䛾䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䛾ෆᐜ䜢
Web 䝨䞊䝆䛻┤䛧䛯䜒䛾䛜 RSNP 䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹 Wiki 䝃䜲
䝖䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏ䝃䜲䝖䛷䛿䠈㛤Ⓨ⎔ቃᵓ⠏᪉ἲ䠈䝃䞁䝥䝹䝥䝻䜾
䝷䝮䛾ື䛛䛧᪉䛜㍕䛳䛶䛔䜛䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈ᚲせ䛺䝣䜯䜲䝹䜔
䝕䝰䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾䝎䜴䞁䝻䞊䝗䜒䛣䛣䛛䜙䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䠊ᮏ
䝃䜲䝖䛻䜘䜚䠈䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䛻ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛟䛶䜒䠈䝃䜲䝖䜢ぢ
䜜䜀䜂䛸㏻䜚 RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯㛤Ⓨ䛻䛴䛔䛶▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝
䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䠊
RSNP ௙ᵝ᭩䛾ⱥㄒ໬䛷䛿䠈௒䜎䛷᪥ᮏㄒ䛾௙ᵝ᭩䛧䛛
䛺䛛䛳䛯䜒䛾䜢䠈䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛻ྜ䜟䛫䠈௙ᵝ᭩䜢䛩䜉䛶ⱥㄒ
䛷⾲グ䛩䜛ⱥㄒ໬䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䠈ᾏእ䛛䜙䛾ཧຍ⪅
䜢ぢ㎸䜐䠊
ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ䛾䜂䛺ᙧసᡂ䛷䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍Ꮫ⾡ㅮ₇
఍䛻ㅮ₇䜢⏦㎸䜐㝿䛻ᥦฟ䛩䜛ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ䛾䜂䛺ᙧ䜢సᡂ
䛧䠈ᕼᮃ⪅䛻㓄ᕸ䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈ㄽᩥ䜢᭩䛟䛣䛸䛻័䜜䛶䛔䛺
䛔Ꮫ⏕䛾䛯䜑䛻⏝ព䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䠈䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖ཧຍ䜈䛾ᩜᒃ䜢
ప䛟䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
⾲ 3 ලయⓗ䛺ホ౯㡯┠
ศ㢮
ᢏ⾡ຊ
ホ౯㡯┠
୍⯡ⓗ䛺ᢏ⾡ຊ
RSNP 䛾ᢏ⾡ຊ
୍⯡ⓗ䛺䝃䞊䝡䝇䠋䝻䝪䝑䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾᏶ᡂᗘ
᏶ᡂᗘ
RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝃䞊䝡䝇䠋䝻䝪䝑䝖䛸䛧䛶䛾᏶ᡂᗘ
䝗䜻䝳䝯䞁䝖䛾᏶ᡂᗘ
䜰䜲䝕䜰
䝥䝺䝊䞁
䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾䜰䜲䝕䜰
RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䛸䛧䛶䛾㨩ຊ
7. 䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾⤖ᯝ
䛣䛣䜎䛷䛷㏙䜉䛯‽ഛෆᐜ䛷ᐇ㝿䛻ᛂເ䜢ཷ䛡௜䛡䛯⤖
ᯝ䠈඲㒊䛷 15 ௳䛾ᛂເ䛜䛒䛳䛯䠊ᛂເ⪅䛾ᡤᒓ䛸䛧䛶䛿 15
ᅋయ䠈ྜィ 53 ྡ䛜䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛻ཧຍ䛧䛯䠊䛣䛾඲ 15 ௳䛾ᛂ
ເసရ䛻䛴䛔䛶஦๓ᑂᰝ䛚䜘䜃ᙜ᪥䛾䝥䝺䝊䞁ᑂᰝ䜢䛧䛯
⤖ᯝ䠈௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛻㈹䜢Ỵᐃ䛧䛯䠊௨ୗ䛷䛿ྛ㈹䛻䛴䛔䛶ᛂ
ເసရ䛾䝍䜲䝖䝹䜢グ㍕䛩䜛䠊㈹䛸䛧䛶䛿஦๓䛻⏝ព䛧䛶䛔
䛯 5 ௳䛾㈹䛻ຍ䛘䠈ᑂᰝဨ≉ู㈹䠈ᑂᰝဨዡບ㈹䛸䛧䛶 2
௳䛾㈹䜢㏣ຍ䛧䛯䠊
⥲ྜⓗ䛺ෆᐜ
Ⓨ⾲䛾ඃຎ
y
y
5.3. ㈹䛾㑅ᐃ᪉ἲ
2.4 ⠇䛷㏙䜉䛯ྛ㈹䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ୖグ䛾᥇Ⅼ⤖ᯝ䜢ඖ䛻㑅
ᐃ䛧䛯䠊䜎䛪᭱ඃ⚽㈹䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈⥲ྜ䛷᭱䜒ホ౯䛾㧗䛛
䛳䛯సရ䛻㉗䜛䠊ḟ䛻䠈ඃ⚽㈹䛾 3 ௳䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈㈹䜢ᥦ౪
䛧䛶䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯༠㈶ᅋయ䛜䠈ホ౯ୖ఩䛾సရ䛛䜙䛭䜜䛮䜜
䛾ᅋయ䛾≺䛔䛻ἢ䛳䛯సရ䜢⊂⮬䛻㑅䜆䛸䛔䛖ᙧ䜢䛸䜚䠈㈹
䜢Ỵᐃ䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯ዡບ㈹䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒㈹䜢ᥦ౪䛧䛶䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯
ᅋయ䛾ពྥ䛻䜘䜚㈹䜢Ỵᐃ䛩䜛䠊
y
y
y
6. ཧຍ⪅䜢ቑ䜔䛩᪋⟇
ᮏ䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛿௒ᖺึ䜑䛶㛤ദ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜒䛒䜚䠈ཧຍ
⪅䛜䛒䜎䜚䛔䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈௨ୗ䛾᪋⟇䜢⾜
䛔䠈ཧຍ⪅䜢ቑ䜔䛩ດຊ䜢䛧䛯䠊
y
y
y
y
RSNP 䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹䛾ᐇ᪋䠖3 ᅇ
RSNP 䝏䝳䞊䝖䝸䜰䝹 wiki 䝃䜲䝖䛾సᡂ
RSNP ௙ᵝ᭩䛾ⱥㄒ໬
ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ䛾䜂䛺ᙧసᡂ
y
y
RSi ㈹
¾
䛂RSNP 䜢⏝䛔䛯ⱥ༢ㄒᏛ⩦䝻䝪䝑䝖䛾㛤Ⓨ䛃
RT 䝅䝇䝔䝮䜲䞁䝔䜾䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁㈹
¾
䛂ື⏬䛛䜙䛾≉ᚩⓗ䛺⾲᝟ᢳฟ䛻䜘䜛㧗㱋⪅䛾
ぢᏲ䜚䝅䝇䝔䝮䛃
䝻䝪䝑䝖䝡䝆䝛䝇᥎㐍༠㆟఍㈹
¾
䛂ఏᑟᛶ⧊≀䝕䝞䜲䝇䛸 RSNP 䜢⏝䛔䛯䝠䝳䞊䝬
䞁䝉䞁䝅䞁䜾䝅䝇䝔䝮䛃
᪥ᮏ䝻䝪䝑䝖Ꮫ఍ 䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䜢฼⏝䛧䛯䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡
䝇◊✲ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍㈹
¾
䛂䝻䝪䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛㠀ᖖ᫬䝃䞊䝡䝇ᐇ⌧
䛾䛯䜑䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䝃䞊䝞䛾㛤Ⓨ䛃
APEN ㈹
¾
䛂 RSNP Remote Control Robot using a
LEGO MINDSTORMS and an Android
Phone䛃
ᑂᰝဨ≉ู㈹
¾
䛂RSNP 䜢฼⏝䛧䛯 LRF ᐃ䝕䞊䝍ᥦ౪䝃䞊䝡
䝇䛃
ᑂᰝဨዡບ㈹
¾
䛂⛣ື䝻䝪䝑䝖䛻䜘䜛ぢᏲ䜚䝃䞊䝡䝇䛃
RSNP を利用したロボットサービスコンテストの開催報告 119
8. 䛚䜟䜚䛻
ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈RSNP 䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛾‽ഛᴫἣ䠈㐠Ⴀయไ䛚䜘䜃
⤖ᯝ䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛧䛯䠊௒ᖺᗘ䛾䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛷䛿ึ䜑䛶䛾㛤
ദ䛷䛒䜛䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪 15 ௳䛾ᛂເ䛜䛒䜚䠈඲యⓗ䛻䛿ᮏ
䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖䛿ᡂຌ䛧䛯䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊௒ᚋ䛿௒ᅇ䛾䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖㛤ദ
䛻䛚䛡䜛཯┬Ⅼ䜢䜎䛸䜑䠈᮶ᖺᗘ䛾䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖㛤ദ䛻ྥ䛡䛶
⏕䛛䛧䛶䛔䛟䠊
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
http://robotservice.org/
http://robotservice.org/contest/2012/
https://www.facebook.com/RSNPcontest
http://robotserveice.org/wiki/jp/
http://robotserveice.org/wiki/en/
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.121－126 （2012） 〔総説〕
᝟ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᑓᨷ䛻䛚䛡䜛 PBL ⎔ቃ䛸Ꮫಟᨭ᥼
ᅵ ᒇ 㝧 ௓*㻌 䞉㻌 㛗 ᑿ 㞝 ⾜*㻌 䞉㻌 ៅ ⚈ ᥡ*
PBL environment and facilitation of learning in the Information
Systems Architecture Division
Yosuke Tsuchiya*, Takeyuki Nagao* and Sanggyu Shin*
Abstract
In this report we briefly summarize the environment of education for the master course in the
Information Systems Architecture Division of our institute, which is designed to educate students
from industry to become experts of information systems. The graduate course consists of
lecture-based period and Project-Based Learning period, each of one year-long. We describe how the
Project-Based Learning is carried out in our program and also depict various systems to facilitate
learning designed especially for students from industry. We also show the result of the ITSS skill
level checker and analyze the tendency of the students’ interests in learning.
Keywords: ITSS, Project-Based Learning
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
2. ᝟ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᑓᨷ䛾 PBL 䛾⌧≧
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䠄௨ୗ䠈ᮏᏛ䠅䛾⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉᝟
ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᑓᨷ䠄௨ୗ䠈ᮏᑓᨷ䠅䛷䛿䠈2006 ᖺ䛾㛤Ꮫ
௨᮶䠈ศ㔝ᶓ᩿ⓗ䛺▱㆑䛸䝇䜻䝹䜢᭷䛩䜛ᑓ㛛⫋ேᮦ䛷䛒
䜛䠈᝟ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝖䛾⫱ᡂ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏᏛ䛾Ꮫ⏕䛾኱
༙䛿♫఍ே䛷䛒䜚䠈఍♫➼䛻䛚䛡䜛ᴗົ䛸୪⾜䛧䛶ᖹ᪥ኪ
㛫 ཬ 䜃 ᅵ ᭙ ᪥ 䛻 ㅮ ⩏ 䞉 ₇ ⩦ ཬ 䜃 PBL 䠄 Project Based
Learning䠅ᆺ䛾ᩍ⫱䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈ᵝ䚻䛺⫼ᬒ
䜢ᣢ䛴♫఍ேᏛ⏕䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᩍ⫱ୖ䛾ᨭ᥼䛸䛔䛖どⅬ䛛䜙䠈
ᮏᑓᨷ䛻䛚䛡䜛 PBL 䛾ᐇ᪋⎔ቃ䜢⡆₩䛻䜎䛸䜑䜛䠊䛭䛧䛶䠈
ᨭ᥼䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䛾୍䛴䛸䛧䛶ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛 IT 䝇䜻䝹デ᩿䛾⤖
ᯝ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶䠈Ꮫ⏕䛾⯆࿡ཬ䜃䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䛾ഴྥ䛻䛴䛔
䛶ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊
2.1. ㅮ⩏䞉₇⩦⛉┠䛸 PBL
1.1. PBL 䛸䛿
PBL 䛸䛿䠈୚䛘䜙䜜䛯ㄢ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻Ꮫ⏕䛜䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢㐙⾜䛧䠈䝏䞊䝮䛾༠ㄪసᴗ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᡂᯝ≀䜢᏶ᡂ
䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䠈ពᛮỴᐃཬ䜃ㄪᰝ◊✲䛻㛵䜟䜛⬟
ຊ䜢㣴䛖䛯䜑䛾䜘䛟▱䜙䜜䛯ᩍ⫱ᡭἲ䛷䛒䜛䠊PBL 䛻䛚䛔䛶
䛿䠈Ꮫ⏕䝏䞊䝮䛜䝁䞊䝏ᙺ䛾ᩍဨ䛾ᨭ᥼䛾䜒䛸䛷ㄢ㢟ゎỴ
䛾䛯䜑䛾䜾䝹䞊䝥άື䜢⾜䛔䠈䝏䞊䝮ཬ䜃ಶே䛾άື䛾ᡂ
ᯝ䜢⼥ྜ䛥䛫䛶䠍䛴䛾ᡂᯝ≀䜢᏶ᡂ䛥䛫䜛䠊ᚑ᮶䛾ᩍ⫱䛜
ᴫᛕཬ䜃▱㆑䛾⋓ᚓ䛻୺║䜢⨨䛟䛾䛸䛿ᑐ↷ⓗ䛻䠈PBL 䛷
䛿䠈䛩䛷䛻ᚓ䛯ᴫᛕཬ䜃▱㆑䜢䛔䛛䛻ᐇୡ⏺䛷ά⏝䛩䜛䛾
䛛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻↔Ⅼ䜢ᙜ䛶䜛䠊䛣䛾ᩍ⫱ᡭἲ䛿୰➼ᩍ⫱[17]䠈
㧗➼ᩍ⫱[16]ཬ䜃♫఍ேᩍ⫱[18]➼䠈ᵝ䚻䛺ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ䛻
䛚䛔䛶䠈ᐇ♫఍䛷ᙺ❧䛴⬟ຊ䜢☻䛟䛯䜑䛾ᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶ά⏝䛥
䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᮏᏛ䛷䛿ಟኈㄢ⛬䛾Ꮫ⏕䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ಟኈㄽᩥ䛻௦䜟䜛䜒
䛾䛸䛧䛶 PBL 䜢ᚲ㡲⛉┠䛻ᣦᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛[2]䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈ಟኈ
ㄢ⛬඲య䛷 PBL 䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ཎ๎䛸䛧䛶䠍ᖺḟ䛻
ㅮ⩏ཬ䜃₇⩦⛉┠䜢ᒚಟ䛧䠈ᵝ䚻䛺ᑓ㛛ศ㔝䛾ᴫᛕཬ䜃
▱㆑䜢ಟᚓ䛧䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䠈2 ᖺḟ䛾 PBL 䜈䛸䛩䛩䜐䝰䝕䝹䜢
᥇⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏᏛ䛾᝟ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᑓᨷ䛷䛿♫఍ே䜢
୺䛺ᩍ⫱䛾ᑐ㇟䛻タᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊♫఍ே䛾ᩍ⫱䛾䛯䜑䠈ᮏ
Ꮫ䛜ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛔䜛ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈ḟ䛾஧䛴䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊
୍䛴䛿䠈Ꮫ⏕䛾⫼ᬒ䛾㐪䛔䜢྾཰䛧䛶෇⁥䛺 PBL ᩍ⫱䜢
ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䜒䛖୍䛴䛿䠈఍♫➼䛻䛚䛡䜛ᴗົ䛸Ꮫᴗ
䛾୧❧䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ㄢ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈ᮏᏛ䛷䛿ᵝ䚻䛺ྲྀ䜚
⤌䜏䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊౛䛘䜀䠈ධᏛ๓䛻䠍ᖺḟ䛾⛉┠䜢ᒚಟ䛩
䜛ไᗘ䠄AIIT ༢఩䝞䞁䜽ไᗘ䠈⛉┠➼ᒚಟไᗘ䠈ᒚಟド᫂
䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䠅ཬ䜃ᒚಟᮇ㛫䜢ᶆ‽䛾 2 ᖺ䛛䜙ᘏ㛗䛩䜛ไᗘ
䠄㛗ᮇᒚಟไᗘ䠅䜢ᥦ౪䛧䛶䛔䜛[4]䠊䜎䛯䠈ከᵝ䛺Ꮫಟᶵ఍
䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈䝃䝔䝷䜲䝖䜻䝱䞁䝟䝇䛾㐠⏝[5]䠈ㅮ⩏ᨭ᥼
䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䜘䜛ㅮ⩏㈨ᩱཬ䜃ㅮ⩏ື⏬䛾㓄ಙ䜒⾜䛺䛳䛶䛔
䜛[7]䠊᭦䛻䠈4 ᭶䛾ධᏛᘧ䛾┤๓䛻 7 ᪥㛫䛾᪥⛬䛷䝥䝺䝇䜽
䞊䝹䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾┠ⓗ䛿䠈Ꮫ⏕䛾⫼ᬒ䛾䜀䜙䛴䛝䜢
ᢚ䛘䠈෇⁥䛻ಟኈㄢ⛬䛾ᩍ⫱䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛒䜛䠊2012
ᖺᗘ䛾䝥䝺䝇䜽䞊䝹䛷䛿䠈ᇶᮏ᝟ሗᢏ⾡⪅ヨ㦂䝺䝧䝹䛾▱
㆑䛾☜ㄆ䜢⾜䛖 IT ᇶ♏ㅮᗙ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䠈䠍ᖺḟ䛾ㅮ⩏⛉┠䛾
ᴫせ䜢࿘▱䛩䜛஦๓ㅮ⩏䜺䜲䝎䞁䝇䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾Ꮫಟ
ᨭ᥼䛾௙⤌䜏䜢ᅗ 1 䛻♧䛩䠊
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈Graduate School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
122
土屋陽介
ධᏛ๓
ධᏛ๓䛾Ꮫಟ
䞉AIIT ༢఩䝞䞁䜽ไᗘ
ᅾᏛ୰
ධᏛ┤๓䛾Ꮫಟ
䞉䝥䝺䝇䜽䞊䝹
ㅮ⩏䞉₇⩦⛉┠䛾ཷㅮ
PBL 䛾ཷㅮ
䞉㛗ᮇᒚಟไᗘ
䞉㛗ᮇᒚಟไᗘ
䞉ㅮ⩏ᨭ᥼䝅䝇䝔䝮
䞉ㅮ⩏ᨭ᥼䝅䝇䝔䝮
䞉IT 䝇䜻䝹デ᩿
䞉IT 䝇䜻䝹デ᩿
䞉IT ᇶ♏ㅮᗙ
䞉⛉┠➼ᒚಟไᗘ
䞉஦๓ㅮ⩏䜺䜲䝎䞁䝇
䞉ᒚಟド᫂䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮
䞉IT 䝇䜻䝹デ᩿
᫬㛫
ᅗ 1㻌㻌 ᮏᏛ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ꮫಟᨭ᥼䛾௙⤌䜏
䜵䜽䝖άື䛷ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾タィ䞉㛤Ⓨ䜒⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
2.2. ᝟ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᑓᨷ䛾 PBL
౛䛘䜀䠈㐍ᤖ⟶⌮䠈䝣䜯䜲䝹⟶⌮䠈ᥦฟ≀䛾⟶⌮䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛩
PBL ᆺᩍ⫱䛻඲Ꮫ䛸䛧䛶ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䛯䜑䠈ᮏᏛ䛷䛿 2006
䜛᝟ሗඹ᭷ᇶ┙䛾タィ䞉㛤Ⓨ䛜⾜䜟䜜䠈ᐇ㝿䛾 PBL 䛷ά
ᖺᗘ䛾㛤Ꮫ䜘䜚 PBL ጤဨ఍䜢タ⨨䛧䛶 PBL 䛾⛉┠タィཬ
⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[5][6][12][13]䠊኱Ꮫഃ䛜‽ഛ䛧䛯䛣䜜䜙䛾䝅䝇
䜃㐠⏝᪉ἲ➼䜢᳨ウ䛧䠈2007 ᖺᗘ䛛䜙 PBL ᆺ䛾ᩍ⫱䛾ᐇ
䝔䝮௨እ䛻䜒䠈Ꮫ⏕䛜⮬୺ⓗ䛻䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾┠ⓗ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶
㊶䜢ጞ䜑䛯[3]䠊䛣䜜䜎䛷䛻ᮏᑓᨷ䛷ᐇ᪋䛧䛯 PBL 䝥䝻䝆䜵
䝯䞊䝸䞁䜾䝸䝇䝖䠈䜾䝹䞊䝥䜴䜵䜰䠈䝡䝕䜸఍㆟䝅䝇䝔䝮䠈䝞䞊
䜽䝖䛾୍ぴ䜢⾲ 1 䛻♧䛩䠊ྛᖺᗘ䛻 10 ๓ᚋ䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛜
䝆䝵䞁⟶⌮䝅䝇䝔䝮➼䜢㑅ᐃ䛧䛶ά⏝䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖ሙྜ䜒Ꮡᅾ
ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ྛ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䛿ཎ๎䛸䛧䛶 5 ྡ๓ᚋ䛾Ꮫ
䛩䜛䠊
⏕䛜㓄ᒓ䛥䜜䠈୺ᢸᙜᩍဨ䠍ྡ䠈๪ᢸᙜᩍဨ䠎ྡ䛾ᨭ᥼䛾
ୗ䛷䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾㐠⏝䜢⾜䛖[2]䠊
ᮏᑓᨷ䛾 PBL 䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿஦๓䛻ヲ⣽໬䛥䜜
䛶䛔䜛䜟䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻㛵䛩䜛኱䛝䛺ᯟ⤌䜏䛰䛡
䛜ධຊ䛸䛧䛶Ꮫ⏕䝏䞊䝮䛻୚䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈䝥䝻䝆
䜵䜽䝖䛻ᅛ᭷䛾ㄢ㢟䠈᪉ἲㄽ䠈ಟᚓ䛷䛝䜛䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䠄ᴗ
ົ㐙⾜⬟ຊ䠅ཬ䜃ᡂ⦼ホ౯᪉ἲ➼䛜䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖༢఩䛷஦
๓䛻ᩍဨ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᐃ⩏䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈PBL 䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ㄝ᫂᭩
䠄䛒䜛䛔䛿 PBL 䜺䜲䝗䠅䛸䛧䛶ᩥ᭩䛾ᙧ䛷䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖㛤ጞ๓
䛻Ꮫ⏕䝏䞊䝮䛻ᥦ♧䛥䜜䜛[2]䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖඲య䜢㏻䛧䛯ᡂ
ᯝ≀ཬ䜃䜰䜽䝔䜱䝡䝔䜱䛾୍ぴ䛜஦๓䛻౛♧䛥䜜䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵
䜽䝖䜒Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛[10]䠊䛣䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ㄝ᫂᭩䛿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾
኱䜎䛛䛺᪉ྥ௜䛡䜢୚䛘䜛ᙺ๭䜢ᢸ䛖䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈Ꮫ⏕䛻ᑐ䛧
䛶ᩍဨ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺άື䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䜢ఏ䛘䜛ព࿡䜢
ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ධຊ䛜୚䛘䜙䜜䛯ᚋ䛻䠈Ꮫ⏕䝏䞊䝮
䛿ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛾䛯䜑䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ィ⏬䜢❧᱌䛧䠈ィ⏬䛛䜙⤊
⤖䜎䛷䛾඲㐣⛬䜢⮬ศ䛯䛱䛾ຊ䛷㐙⾜䛩䜛䠊
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝔䞊䝬䛿ከᵝ䛷䛒䜚䠈⮬἞య➼䛾እ㒊⤌⧊䜢
㢳ᐈ䛸䛩䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖[14]䠈ᾏእ䛾኱Ꮫ䛸䛾㐃ᦠ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽
䝖[9][11]䠈◊✲ᆺ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖[10]䠈䜸䞊䝥䞁䝋䞊䝇䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵
䜰䜢ά⏝䛧䛶䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾௻⏬䠈タィ䠈㛤Ⓨཬ䜃㐠⏝䛾඲ᕤ
⛬䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖[15]➼䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䠊እ㒊⤌⧊䛸䛾
㐃ᦠ䛻䛿䠈ᢸᙜᩍဨ䛜⤂௓䛩䜛ሙྜཬ䜃ಟ஢⏕䛜⤂௓䛩
䜛ሙྜ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖άື䛿䝏䞊䝮䛻䜘䜛䜾䝹䞊䝥సᴗ䛸ಶேูά
ື䛻䜘䛳䛶ᡂ䜚❧䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ẖ䛻タᐃ䛧䛯㢖ᗘ
䠄㐌 2,3 ᅇ⛬ᗘ䠅䛷䝭䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶ពᛮỴᐃ䠈䝍䝇䜽
䛾๭䜚ᙜ䛶ཬ䜃㐍ᤖ☜ㄆ➼䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䞊䝆䝱䞊䠄௨ୗ䠈PM䠅䜢ᢸᙜ䛩
䜛Ꮫ⏕䜢タᐃ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈PM 䛜䝍䝇䜽䛾๭䜚ᙜ䛶ཬ䜃⟶⌮䜢
ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢౑䛳䛶ά
ື䜢⾜䛖䛛䛾Ỵᐃ䜒Ꮫ⏕䝏䞊䝮䛜⾜䛖ሙྜ䛜ከ䛔䠊౛䛘䜀䠈
䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ⣔䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛿䠈ᶆ‽ⓗ䛺䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢Ꮫ
⏕⮬㌟䛜䜹䝇䝍䝬䜲䝈䛧䛶฼⏝䛩䜛౛[8]䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䠊
ᮏᑓᨷ䛷䛿䠈PBL ᩍ⫱䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈PBL 䛾䝥䝻䝆
3. 䝇䜻䝹デ᩿
ㅮ⩏䞉₇⩦ᆺᩍ⫱ཬ䜃 PBL ᆺᩍ⫱䛾䛹䛱䜙䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䠈
Ꮫ⏕䛜⮬㌟䛾▱㆑ཬ䜃䝇䜻䝹䛾⌧≧䜢ᐈほⓗ䛻ᢕᥱ䛧䠈⮬
㌟䛾䜻䝱䝸䜰䝥䝷䞁ཬ䜃Ꮫಟィ⏬䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛
௙⤌䜏䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏᑓᨷ䛷䛿䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻䠈2007 ᖺᗘ䛛
䜙Ꮫ⏕䛻 IT 䝇䜻䝹ᶆ‽䠄௨ୗ䠈ITSS[19]䠅䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯䝇䜻䝹
デ᩿䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᥦ౪䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊Ꮫ⏕䛿ධᏛ᫬䠈㐍⣭᫬ཬ䜃
ಟ஢᫬䛻䠈Web 䝧䞊䝇䛾䝇䜻䝹䝏䜵䝑䜽䜢ཷデ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷⮬
㌟䛾ᚓពศ㔝䞉୙ᚓពศ㔝䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺
䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊Ꮫ⏕⮬㌟䛻ධᏛ䛛䜙༞ᴗ䜎䛷䛾᫬⣔ิ䛾▱㆑䞉䝇
䜻䝹䛾ኚ໬䜢ᢕᥱ䛧䛶䜒䜙䛔䠈⮬㌟䛾ᡂ㛗䜢ᚓⅬ䛾ኚ໬䛷
ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈᭦䛺䜛Ꮫಟ䜈䛾ືᶵ௜䛡䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䜒ពᅗ䛧
䛶䛔䜛䠊䝇䜻䝹デ᩿䛾⤖ᯝ䛿䠈ᩍဨ䛜Ꮫ⏕䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᐇ᪋䛩䜛
ಶู㠃ㄯ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ᣦᑟ㈨ᩱ䛸䛧䛶ά⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
3.1. IT 䝇䜻䝹ᶆ‽
ITSS 䛿 IT ศ㔝䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝻䝣䜵䝑䝅䝵䝘䝹䜢⫱ᡂ䛩䜛䛯
䜑䛾ඹ㏻䛾䜒䛾䛥䛧䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖┠ⓗ䛷䠈᝟ሗฎ⌮᥎㐍
ᶵᵓ䠄IPA䠅䛻䜘䛳䛶 2006 ᖺ䛻⟇ᐃ䛥䜜䠈⌧ᅾ䛿 V3 2011
䛜බ㛤䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[19]䠊ITSS 䛷䛿 IT ศ㔝䛾ᴗົ䜢 11 䛾⫋
✀䛸 35 䛾ᑓ㛛ศ㔝䛚䜘䜃䠓䛴䛾䜻䝱䝸䜰䝺䝧䝹䛻ศ㢮䛧䛯䜻
䝱䝸䜰䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽[20]䛸䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ᑓ㛛ศ㔝䛷ᚲせ䛸䛥
䜜䜛䝇䜻䝹䛾୍ぴ䠄䝇䜻䝹䝕䜱䜽䝅䝵䝘䝸[21]䠅䜢ᥦ౪䛧䛶䛔
䜛䠊
ITSS 䛷䛿䠈㐩ᡂᗘᣦᶆཬ䜃䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䜢䝺䝧䝹 1 䛛䜙
䝺䝧䝹 7 䛾 7 ẁ㝵䛻䝺䝧䝹ศ䛡䛧䛶ᐃ⩏䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㐩ᡂᗘᣦ
ᶆ䛿ᑓ㛛ศ㔝䛻䛚䛡䜛ᐇົ⤒㦂䜢⾲⌧䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊୍
᪉䛷䠈䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䛿ᑓ㛛ศ㔝䛷せồ䛥䜜䜛䝇䜻䝹䛾⇍㐩
ᗘ䜢⾲⌧䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊㐩ᡂᗘᣦᶆ䠈䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䛾୧⪅
䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䝺䝧䝹ุᐃ䛾䛯䜑䛾ホ౯ᇶ‽䛜⫋✀ཬ䜃ᑓ㛛ศ
㔝༢఩䛷⏝ព䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾஧䛴䛾ᣦᶆ䛻䛚䛚䜐䛽ඹ㏻
情報アーキテクチャ専攻における PBL 環境と学修支援 123
䛩䜛Ⅼ䛿䠈䝺䝧䝹 1 䛛䜙䝺䝧䝹 3 䛿䝯䞁䝞䞊䛸䛧䛶䠈䝺䝧䝹 4
䛿䝸䞊䝎䞊䛸䛧䛶䠈䝺䝧䝹 5 䛛䜙䝺䝧䝹 7 䛿㈐௵⪅䛸䛧䛶ồ䜑
䜙䜜䜛ᐇົ⤒㦂ཬ䜃䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䜢⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
㐩ᡂᗘᣦᶆ䛻䜘䜛䝺䝧䝹䛾┠Ᏻ䛸䛧䛶䛿௨ୗ䛾ᵝ䛻せ⣙䛥
䜜䛶䛔䜛[19]䠊
䝺䝧䝹1.᭱ప㝈ᚲせ䛺ᇶ♏▱㆑䜢᭷䛩䜛
䝺䝧䝹2.ୖ఩⪅䛾ᣦᑟ䛾ୗ䠈せồ䛥䜜䛯సᴗ䜢ᢸᙜ䛩䜛
䝺䝧䝹3.せồ䛥䜜䛯సᴗ䜢䛩䜉䛶⊂ຊ䛷ᴗົ䜢㐙⾜䛩䜛
䝺䝧䝹4.⊂ຊ䛷ᴗົୖ䛾ㄢ㢟䛾Ⓨぢ䛸ゎỴ䜢䝸䞊䝖䛩䜛
䝺䝧䝹5.௻ᴗෆ䛾䝝䜲䜶䞁䝗䝥䝺䜲䝲
䝺䝧䝹6.ᅜෆ䛾䝝䜲䜶䞁䝗䝥䝺䜲䝲
䝺䝧䝹7.ᅜෆ䛾䝝䜲䜶䞁䝗䝥䝺䜲䝲䛛䛴ୡ⏺䛷㏻⏝䛩䜛
䝥䝺䜲䝲
䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ᑓ㛛ศ㔝ཬ䜃▱㆑㡯┠ẖ䛻ヲ
⣽䛺䝺䝧䝹ศ䛡䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ヲ䛧䛟䛿 IT 䝇䜻䝹ᶆ‽ V3
2011[19]䜢ཧ↷䛥䜜䛯䛔䠊
௻ᴗ➼䛜 ITSS 䜢฼⏝䛧䛶ᚑᴗဨ䛾ᑓ㛛ศ㔝ู䝇䜻䝹⇍
㐩ᗘ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛┠ⓗ䛷䠈」ᩘ䛾䝧䞁䝎䞊䛛䜙䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁䝔䝇
䝖ᙧᘧ䛾 IT 䝇䜻䝹デ᩿䝒䞊䝹䛜ᥦ౪䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏᏛ䛷䛿䠈
2007 ᖺᗘ䛛䜙 2010 ᖺᗘ䜎䛷䛿䠈IT 䝇䜻䝹◊✲䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮
䛾 ITSS-DS 䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜[22]䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮᭦ᨵ䛻క䛔䠈
2010 ᖺᗘᮎ䛛䜙䛿ᰴᘧ఍♫䝛䜽䝇䝖䜶䝕䝳䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝅䞁䜽
䛾 ITSS 䝺䝧䝹䝏䜵䝑䜹䞊[23]䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊୧⪅䛸䜒䛻
IT 䝇䜻䝹ᶆ‽䜢䝧䞊䝇䛸䛧䠈IT 䛻㛵䛩䜛䝇䜻䝹䛾デ᩿䜢⾜
䛺䛖䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䛒䜛䠊๓⪅䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ά⏝஦౛䛿ᩥ⊩[1]䜢
ཧ↷䛥䜜䛯䛔䠊ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈ᚋ⪅䛾ά⏝஦౛䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛩
䜛䠊
3.2. ITSS 䝺䝧䝹䝏䜵䝑䜹䞊䛾ᴫせ
ITSS 䝺䝧䝹䝏䜵䝑䜹䞊[23]䛿䠈ITSS 䛾䜻䝱䝸䜰䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽
䞊䜽䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛶䠈ᐇົ⬟ຊ䠈䝔䜽䝙䜹䝹䝇䜻䝹䠈䝠䝳䞊䝬䞁䝇
䜻䝹䜢ᐈほⓗ䛻デ᩿䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䠈24 ᫬㛫䛹䛣䛛䜙䛷䜒ཷ
デ䛜ྍ⬟䛺 ASP ᙧᘧ䛾 Web 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏ䝅䝇
䝔䝮䛷䛿䠈ྛ⫋✀䛷⌧ᅾ䛹䛾䛟䜙䛔䛾䝇䜻䝹䝺䝧䝹䛜䛒䜛䛾
䛛䜢デ᩿䛩䜛䠊ฟ㢟ᩘ䛿 90 ၥ䛷ไ㝈᫬㛫䛿 90 ศ䛸䛺䛳䛶
䛔䜛䠊ฟ㢟ෆᐜ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈౛䛘䜀 IT 䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝖䛾⫋✀䛾デ
᩿䜢⾜䛳䛯ሙྜ䠈඲⫋✀䛾䝺䝧䝹 1,2 ඹ㏻㡿ᇦ䛸ᑓ㛛㡿ᇦ
䛻䛴䛔䛶䝔䝇䝖䜢⾜䛖䠊ලయⓗ䛺㡯┠䜢௨ୗ䛻♧䛩䠊
䛆䝺䝧䝹 1,2 ඹ㏻㡿ᇦ䛇
ᇶ♏⌮ㄽ䠈䜰䝹䝂䝸䝈䝮䛸䝥䝻䜾䝷䝭䞁䜾䠈䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍ᵓᡂ
せ⣲䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮ᵓᡂせ⣲䠈䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰䠈䝝䞊䝗䜴䜵䜰䠈䝠䝳䞊
䝬䞁䜲䞁䝍䝣䜵䞊䝇䠈䝬䝹䝏䝯䝕䜱䜰䠈䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䠈䝛䝑䝖䝽
䞊䜽䠈䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨᢏ⾡䠈䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰㛤Ⓨ⟶⌮
ᢏ⾡䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䠈䝃䞊䝡䝇䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䠈䝅䝇䝔
䝮┘ᰝ䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮ᡓ␎䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮௻⏬䠈⤒Ⴀᡓ␎䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䠈
ᢏ⾡ᡓ␎䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䠈䝡䝆䝛䝇䜲䞁䝎䝇䝖䝸䠈௻ᴗάື䠈ἲົ䠈
䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䠈䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䠈䝛䝂䝅䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁
䛆IT 䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝖䛾䝇䜻䝹㡿ᇦ䛇
䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱タィ䠈タィᢏἲ䠈ᶆ‽໬䛸෌฼⏝䠈䝁䞁䝃
䝹 䝔 䜱 䞁 䜾 ᢏ ἲ 䛾 ά ⏝ 䠈 ▱ ⓗ ㈨ ⏘ ⟶ ⌮ (Knowledge
Management)ά⏝䠈䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䠈䜲䞁䝎䝇䝖䝸(䝡䝆䝛䝇)䠈䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䠈䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䠈䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䠈䝛
䝂䝅䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁䠈䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱タィ䠈䜲䞁䝔
䜾䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱タィ䠈䜲䞁䝣䝷䝇䝖䝷䜽䝏䝱䜰䞊䜻
䝔䜽䝏䝱タィ
4. 䝇䜻䝹デ᩿䛾⤖ᯝ䛻䛴䛔䛶
4.1. ᕼᮃ⫋✀䛾ኚ㑄
2011 ᖺᗘධᏛ⪅䛾䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䜢⫋✀ู䛻㞟ィ䛧䛯䜒
䛾䜢ᅗ 2 䛻♧䛩䠊኱䛝䛺ഴྥ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈IT 䝇䝨䝅䝱䝸䝇䝖䜢ᕼ
ᮃ⫋✀䛸䛧䛶ᣲ䛢䜛Ꮫ⏕䛜᭱䜒ከ䛔Ⅼ䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛 䠊
ITSS-DS 䜢฼⏝䛧䛶ᐇ᪋䛧䛯 2007 ᖺᗘ⏕䛾ཷデ⪅ 37 ྡ䠈
2008 ᖺᗘ⏕䛾ཷデ⪅ 33 ྡཬ䜃䠈ITSS 䝺䝧䝹䝏䜵䝑䜹䞊䜢
฼⏝䛧䛶ᐇ᪋䛧䛯 2011 ᖺᗘ⏕䛾ཷデ⪅ 43 ྡ䠈2012 ᖺᗘ
⏕䛾ཷデ⪅ 32 ྡ䛾ᕼᮃ⫋✀䜢ྜ䜟䛫䛶ᅗ♧䛧䛯䜒䛾䛜ᅗ 3
䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ᅗ䛛䜙䠈2007 ᖺᗘ䠈2008 ᖺᗘ䛷䛿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䞉IT 䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝖䞉䝁䞁䝃䝹䝍䞁䝖䜢ᕼᮃ䛧䛶䛔䜛
Ꮫ⏕䛾๭ྜ䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䛜䠈2011 ᖺᗘ 2012 ᖺᗘ䛷䛿䠈IT 䝇
䝨䝅䝱䝸䝇䝖䜢ᕼᮃ䛧䛶䛔䜛Ꮫ⏕䛜 4 ๭௨ୖ䛚䜚䠈ᕼᮃ⫋✀
䛻኱䛝䛺ኚ໬䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺Ꮫ⏕䛾ᚿᮃഴྥ䛾ኚ໬
䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈ẖᖺᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛ಶู㠃ㄯ➼䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈ᕼ
ᮃ⫋✀䜢⪃៖䛧䛯ୖ䛷ᒚಟ⛉┠䛾┦ㄯ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛸
⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈㛗ᮇⓗ䛺ᕼᮃ⫋✀䛾ഴྥ䛾ኚ໬䛻䛴䛔
䛶䛿䠈䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮䛾ኚ᭦䛷ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜
䜛䠊
4.2. ධᏛ᫬ཬ䜃㐍⣭᫬ඹ䛻ཷデ䛧䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ
2011 ᖺᗘධᏛ⪅䛷䛒䜚䠈ධᏛ᫬ཬ䜃 2 ᖺḟ㐍⣭᫬䛸䜒䛻
䝇䜻䝹デ᩿䜢ཷデ䛧䛶䛔䜛⪅䛜 21 ྡᏑᅾ䛩䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾ཷ
デ⪅䜢༏ྡ໬䛧䛶䠈2011 ᖺᗘ᫬Ⅼ䛾䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ㡰䛻䝷䝧
䝹 AࠥU 䜢๭䜚ᙜ䛶䛶ᅗ♧䛧䛯䜒䛾䜢ᅗ 4 䛻♧䛩䠊䛣䛾ᅗ䛻
䛚䛔䛶ධᏛ᫬䛾䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䛾⠊ᅖ䛿䠈1.9 䛛䜙䠏.9 䛷䛒䜚䠈
ᖹᆒ⇍㐩ᗘ䛿⣙ 2.8 䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯 2 ᖺ㐍⣭᫬䛻䛿⇍㐩ᗘ䛜
1.4 䛛䜙 4.5 䛾⠊ᅖ䛸䛺䜚䝺䝧䝹䛾ᕪ䛿ᗈ䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᖹᆒ
䝺䝧䝹䛿⣙ 2.9 䛸䛺䜚䠈඲య䛸䛧䛶䛿䜟䛪䛛䛻䝺䝧䝹䛜ୖ䛜
䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊 䛺䛚䠈ᅗ 4 䛻䛚䛔䛶ධᏛ᫬䛻ẚ䜉 2 ᖺ㐍⣭᫬䛷
3 ๭௨ୖ䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䛜ୗ䛜䛳䛯Ꮫ⏕䛾ཷデ≧ἣ䜢ㄪᰝ䛧
䛯⤖ᯝ䠈ཷデ᫬㛫䛜 25%䛛䜙᭱኱䛷 65䠂⛬ᗘῶ䛳䛶䛚䜚䠈
䛺䜣䜙䛛䛾⌮⏤䛻䜘䜚㏵୰䛷ཷデ䜢ྲྀ䜚䜔䜑䛯䛯䜑䠈䝇䜻䝹
⇍㐩ᗘ䛜኱ᖜ䛻ୗ䛜䛳䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙
䜜䜛䠊ITSS 䝺䝧䝹䝏䜵䝑䜹䞊䛷䛿䠈90 ศ䛸䛔䛖ไ㝈᫬㛫ෆ
䛻᭱ᚋ䜎䛷ཷデ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜚୰᩿䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䛯䜑䠈ヨ㦂
୰䛻ఱ䜙䛛䛾ၥ㢟䛷୰᩿䛫䛦䜛䜢䛘䛺䛟䛺䛳䛯ሙྜ䠈䛭䛾᫬
Ⅼ䛷ヨ㦂䛜⤊஢䛸䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛖䠊ୖグ䛾䜿䞊䝇䜢⪃៖䛧䛶ཷ
デ᫬㛫䛜኱ᖜ䛻ῶ䛳䛯䝕䞊䝍䜢㝖䛟䛸 2 ᖺ㐍⣭᫬䛾䝇䜻䝹
⇍㐩ᗘ䛜ᖹᆒ䛷 3.0 䛸䛺䜚䠈ධᏛ᫬䛛䜙ᖹᆒ䛜 0.2 䝫䜲䞁䝖
ୖ᪼䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊
5. 䛚䜟䜚䛻
ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈᝟ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᑓᨷ䛻䛚䛡䜛 PBL ᐇ᪋⎔
ቃ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈♫఍ே䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ไᗘୖ䛾௙⤌䜏䠈
PBL 䛾㐠⏝ᙧែ䜢せ⣙䛧䠈Ꮫಟᨭ᥼䛾┠ⓗ䛷ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛
䝇䜻䝹デ᩿䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛧䛯䠊௒ᚋ䜒⥅⥆ⓗ䛻䠈ไᗘ䠈㐠⏝䠈
䝅䝇䝔䝮➼䠈ᵝ䚻䛺どⅬ䛛䜙♫఍ே䛾Ꮫಟ䛾ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ䜢䛸䛸
䛾䛘䛶⾜䛝䛯䛔䠊
土屋陽介
2011
4"
18"
3.5"
16"
14"
3"
12"
2.5"
10"
2"
8"
1.5"
6"
1"
4"
0.5"
2"
0"
0"
IT
IT
IT
124
2
2
ᅗ 2 2011 ᖺᗘ⏕䛾䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘཬ䜃ᕼᮃ⫋✀䛾ேᩘ
ᅗ 3 ᖺᗘ䛻䜘䜛ᕼᮃ⫋✀䛾ኚ໬
ᅗ 4 2011 ᖺᗘධᏛ⪅䛾䝇䜻䝹⇍㐩ᗘ䛾ኚ໬
情報アーキテクチャ専攻における PBL 環境と学修支援 125
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
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ᡞἑ ⩏ኵ, 䇾ITSS-DS 䜢ά⏝䛧䛯኱Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ⏕䝇䜻䝹デ᩿䛾
ヨ䜏䠈䇿 ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ No.1, pp.17-38, 2007䠊
ຍ⸨ ⏤ⰼ, ୰㖊 Ḡ⚽, ᡞἑ ⩏ኵ, 䇾ᑓ㛛⫋኱Ꮫ㝔䛻䛚䛡
䜛 PBL ᆺᩍ⫱䛾ᐇ㊶䌦⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛஦౛䌦,䇿
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ No.3, pp.83-90, 2010.
බ❧኱Ꮫ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ, AIIT FD 䝺䝫䞊䝖➨ 3 ྕ,㻌
http://aiit.ac.jp/about/pdf/resource/fd_report_200804.pd
f
Ꮫ䜃 䜔䛩䛔Ꮫಟయ ไ: ⏘ᴗ ᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ 㝔኱Ꮫ Web 䝃 䜲
䝖,http://aiit.ac.jp/education/system.html
୰㖊 Ḡ⚽, ᑠᒣ ⿱ྖ, ▼ᓥ ㎮ኴ㑻, 䇾⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱
Ꮫ䛾 ICT ⎔ቃ䛾㐠⏝䛸ㄢ㢟䠈䇿 ◊✲ሗ࿌䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛸㐠
⏝ᢏ⾡䠄IOT䠅, 2012-IOT-16 11 ྕ, pp.1-4, 2012.
୰㖊 Ḡ⚽, ᑠᒣ ⿱ྖ, 䇾PBL 䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䝁䝷䝪䝺䞊䝔䜱䝤
䝒䞊䝹䛻㛵䛩䜛⪃ᐹ,䇿 ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ,
No.5,pp.100-108, 2011.
ᅵᒇ 㝧௓,ᑠᒣ ⿱ྖ,୰㖊 Ḡ⚽: 䇾ᤵᴗ㓄ಙ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾タ
ィ䛸㛤Ⓨ,䇿 ᝟ሗฎ⌮Ꮫ఍◊✲ሗ࿌. 䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍䛸ᩍ⫱◊
✲఍ሗ࿌, ୍⯡♫ᅋἲே᝟ሗฎ⌮Ꮫ఍, Vol.2011, No.2,
pp. 1-7, 2011.
ᮌᓮ ᝅ, ᡂ⏣ ு, ୸ᒣ ⱥ㏻, ᅵᒇ 㝧௓, ᡂ⏣ 㞞ᙪ, ୰
㖊 Ḡ⚽, 䇾ᅜ㝿 PBL 䛻䛚䛡䜛ⓗ☜䛺௙ᵝ䛾ఏ㐩䛸䝏䜿䝑䝖㥑
ື䛻䜘䜛㛤Ⓨసᴗ䛾ຠ⋡໬,䇿 䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䝸䞁䜾䝅
䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮 2011 ㄽᩥ㞟, pp. 1--6, 2011.
୰㖊 Ḡ⚽, ᡂ⏣ 㞞ᙪ, ᡞἑ ⩏ኵ, 䇾䝧䝖䝘䝮ᅜᐙ኱Ꮫ䛸䛾
䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹 PBL 䛛䜙ᚓ䛯▱ぢ,䇿 ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ
No.4, pp.85-88, 2010.
ຍ⸨ ⏤ⰼ, ᡂ⏣ 㞞ᙪ, ᅵᒇ 㝧௓, 䇾RSNP䠄Robot Service
Network Protocol䠅䜢ά⏝䛧䛯 PBL ᩍᮦ䛾㛤Ⓨ,䇿 ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱
Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ No.5, pp.15-20, 2011.
ᡂ⏣ 㞞ᙪ, ᡞἑ ⩏ኵ, ୰㖊 Ḡ⚽, ᅵᒇ 㝧௓, 䇾ᑓ㛛⫋
኱Ꮫ㝔䛻䛚䛡䜛 PBL ᩍ⫱䛾䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹໬䛾ヨ䜏,䇿 ⏘ᴗᢏ
⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ No.3, pp.99-107, 2010.
୰㖊 Ḡ⚽, ຍ⸨ ⏤ⰼ, ᡞἑ ⩏ኵ, 䇾PBL ⏝᝟ሗ䜲䞁䝣䝷
䝇䝖䝷䜽䝏䝱䛾ᵓ⠏䛸㐠⏝,䇿 ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ No.3,
pp.109-116, 2010.
୰㖊 Ḡ⚽, ᑠᒣ ⿱ྖ, 䇾PBL 䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䝁䝷䝪䝺䞊䝔䜱䝤䝒
䞊 䝹 䛻 㛵 䛩 䜛 ⪃ ᐹ , 䇿 ⏘ ᴗ ᢏ ⾡ ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ኱ Ꮫ ⣖ せ No.5,
pp.103-108, 2011.
ᡞἑ ⩏ኵ, 䇾ᮾி㒔䛾༠ຊ䜢ᚓ䛶ᐇ᪋䛧䛯 PBL 䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜
䛯▱ぢ,䇿 ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ⣖せ No.5, pp.109-116,
2011.
ScoreDoc, http://scoredoc.net/list
す᳃ ᖺᑑ,ຍ⸨ ᾈ,ᮃ᭶ ಇ⏨,ඵ㔜ᶔ ᩥ,ஂᯇ ៅ୍,ᑿ⃝
㔜▱, 䇾㧗➼ᩍ⫱䛻䛚䛡䜛䜾䝹䞊䝥ㄢ㢟᥈✲ᆺᏛ⩦άື䜢
ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾㛤Ⓨ䛸ᐇ㊶(<≉㞟>ᐇ㊶ẁ㝵䛾 e 䝷䞊䝙
䞁䜾),䇿 ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ఍ㄽᩥㄅ, 29(3), pp.289-297, 2005.
ໟ 㡿඗,୰ᮧ ┿஧,⣽⃝ 䛒䜖䜏,஧ぢ ᫭ᖹ,‫⿱ ℩‮‬᫛,㟷
ᒣ ▱㟹,㕥ᮌ ┤⩏, 䇾᝟ሗᩍ⫱䛻䛚䛡䜛㧗኱㐃ᦠᆺ PBL 䛾
ᐇ㊶,䇿 ᝟ሗฎ⌮Ꮫ఍◊✲ሗ࿌, Vol.2010-IS-113 No.9,
2010.
㓇᳃ ₩, 䇾⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䞉᝟ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᑓᨷ䛾
PBL : ♫఍ே኱Ꮫ㝔䛻䛚䛡䜛 PBL Ꮫ⩦ (䜊䛯ㄒ⩏(➨ 13
ᅇ)) ,䇿 ᝟ሗฎ⌮ 53(5), pp.514-518, 2012.
IT
䝇
䜻
䝹
ᶆ
‽
V3
2011,
http://www.ipa.go.jp/jinzai/itss/download_V3_2011.htm
l
IT 䝇 䜻 䝹 ᶆ ‽ V3 2008 䛾 䜻 䝱 䝸 䜰 䝣 䝺 䞊 䝮 䝽 䞊 䜽 䠈
http://www.ipa.go.jp/jinzai/itss/itss13.html
IT 䝇 䜻 䝹 ᶆ ‽ V3 2011 䝇 䜻 䝹 䝕 䜱 䜽 䝅 䝵 䝘 䝸 ,
http://www.ipa.go.jp/jinzai/itss/V3_2011data/SkillDic_V
3_2011.pdf
IT 䝇 䜻 䝹 ◊ ✲ 䝣 䜷 䞊 䝷 䝮 , ITSS-DS 䛾 ᴫ せ ,
http://coin.nikkeibp.co.jp/coin/nip/isrf/itssds_gaiyou.ht
ml
䝛䜽䝇䝖䜶䝕䝳䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝅䞁䜽, ITSS 䝺䝧䝹䝏䜵䝑䜹䞊,
http://www.nextet.net/service/itsssol/aboutsolution.htm
l
126
土屋陽介
⾲ 1㻌 ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛 PBL 䝔䞊䝬䠄ᡂᯝⓎ⾲఍᫬䛾Ⓨ⾲㢟┠䠅୍ぴ
ᖺᗘ
2007 ᖺᗘ
2008 ᖺᗘ
2009 ᖺᗘ
2010 ᖺᗘ
2011 ᖺᗘ
䝔䞊䝬
ᩍ⫱⏝䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝉䝇ᨭ᥼䝅䝇䝔䝮 SPEED 䛾㛤Ⓨ
䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰䞉䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛸㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝉䝇
䜲䞁䝍䝛䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䜲䞁䝣䝷䛾௻⏬
◊✲ᆺ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䜘䜛ḟୡ௦䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱䛾タィ
⏘ᢏ኱ PBL ᩍ⫱䛻䛚䛡䜛 e-Learning 䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
PMO 䛾❧䛱ୖ䛢䛸䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝇䜻䝹⫱ᡂ䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾ᐇ᪋
ᮾி㒔 ‴ᒁ䛾ᴗົᨵ㠉ᥦ᱌
ᴫᛕ䝕䞊䝍䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛᝟ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮タィ
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛᝟ሗ䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䝫䝸䝅䞊䛾⟇ᐃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
䝷䝅䝵䝘䝹⤫୍䝥䝻䝉䝇 RUP 䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯 Web 䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾㛤Ⓨ
䜸䞊䝥䞁䝋䞊䝇䜢ά⏝䛧䛯 Web 䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾㛤Ⓨ
GUI 䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁㛤Ⓨ䛾Ⅽ䛾᪂䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽 XDF 䛾᭷⏝ᛶ䛸௒ᚋ䛾ᒎᮃ
᝟ሗ䝉䜻䝳䝸䝔䜱䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵䜈䛾㐺⏝䛾ヨ䜏
ᴫᛕ䝕䞊䝍䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䛛䜙ぢ䛘䜛ᮾி 䛾䛒䜛䜉䛝ጼ䛸䛿
ᡂຌ⋡ 31.1%ࠥ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䜈䛾ᥦゝࠥ
ᮾி㒔ᘓタᒁ䛸ᴦኳᰴᘧ఍♫䛻䛚䛡䜛ᴗົᨵ㠉ᥦ᱌
䝴䞊䝄䛾⾜ື䜢ண 䛷䛝䜛⎔ቃ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝰䝞䜲䝹 P2P 䝛䝑 䝖䝽䞊䜽䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ
䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇௻⏬: ౯್䛒䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇๰ฟ䛾ヨ䜏
Web 䝬䜲䝙䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛䜽䝻䝇䝯䝕䜱䜰ᗈ࿌ຠᯝ䛾᳨ド
䝁䞁䝔䜻䝇䝖䜰䜴䜵䜰䝛䝇䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻ྥ䛡䛯䝡䝕䜸䝇䝖䝸䞊䝮䝬䜲䝙䞁䜾
ḟୡ௦䝰䝞䜲䝹䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ
䜲䞁䝍䝛䝑䝖ୖ䛾䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾௻⏬䠖䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰䛾௻⏬䞉ᇶᮏタィ
䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰㛤Ⓨ⎔ቃ䞉㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ
䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰㛤Ⓨ䛸䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖
䜸䞊䝥䞁䝋䞊䝇䜢ά⏝䛧䛯䝅䝇䝔䝮䠄Web 䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁➼䠅䛾㛤Ⓨ
PM ᩍ⫱⏝௬᝿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᐇ㊶䛸 PM 䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾◊✲
᝟ሗᡓ␎䛸䝅䝇䝔䝮໬ᇶᮏᵓ᝿⟇ᐃ
䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛾㛤Ⓨ䛸Ẹ㛫䛚䜘䜃⾜ᨻ䝅䝇䝔䝮䜈䛾ᐇ᪋㐺⏝
ᴫᛕ䝕䞊䝍䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䛺䛹䜢⏝䛔䛯᝟ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮ୖὶᕤ⛬
ᐇୡ⏺䝕䞊䝍฼⏝䝃䞊䝡䝇ᵓ⠏䛻䜘䜛䝃䞊䝡䝇ᇶ┙᳨ド
UGC 䝡䝕䜸䛾䝇䝖䝸䞊䝮ฎ⌮䛻䜘䜛༶᫬ⓗ䝁䞁䝔䜻䝇䝖䝃䞊䝡䝇
䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛾ᐇ᪋⎔ቃᩚഛ䛸䛭䛾ຠᯝ䛾᳨ド
䜸䞊䝥䞁䝋䞊䝇䜢ά⏝䛧䛯 Web 䜸䞊䜽䝅䝵䞁䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾㛤Ⓨ
䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽タィ䛻䜘䜛䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰㛤Ⓨ⪅䛾タィຊᙉ໬
ᩥ᭩సᡂ⟶⌮䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰 DoWMS 䛾௻⏬䞉タィ䞉㛤Ⓨ
ᩍ⫱䝃䞊䝡䝇఍♫䜈䛾ᴫᛕ䝕䞊䝍䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䜢⏝䛔䛯ᴗົᨵၿᥦ᱌
ICT ศ㔝䛾 PM ⫱ᡂ⏝䝅䝘䝸䜸ᆺᩍᮦసᡂ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
䛂䜘䛟䛽䜛䛃䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾௻⏬䞉❧᱌
D&M ♫(ⓑἙᣐⅬ)䛾タィᴗົ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᴗົᨵ㠉ᥦ᱌
䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䛺䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰㛤Ⓨ䛸䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖:VNU 䛸䛾ඹྠ PBL
䜽䝷䜴䝗䝻䝪䝔䜱䜽䝇䛾䛯䜑䛾䝍䝇䜽ศᩓ䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽
OSS 䝇䝍䜲䝹䛻䜘䜛 iOS 䜰䝥䝸䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾㛤Ⓨ
ᑡேᩘ䞉▷⣡ᮇ㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ྥ䛡䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᡭἲ
ᴫᛕ䝕䞊䝍䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䜢⏝䛔䛯་⒪ἲே䛾ᴗົᨵၿᥦ᱌
Contextual Twitter 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊䝫䝸䝅䞊
䜽䝷䝇ᅗ䜶䝕䜱䝍䛾㛤Ⓨ䜢㏻䛧䛯㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾⩦ᚓ
ᰴᘧ఍♫䝣䝺䜰䝇ᵝ ᝟ሗᡓ␎䛸ᴗົᨵ㠉(BPR)ᥦ᱌
୍Ṍ㐍䜣䛰䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝒䞊䝹䛻䜘䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ᐇ㊶ຊྥୖ
᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝥䝷䜲䝞䝅䞊ᙳ㡪ホ౯䛾ᐇ᪋⎔ቃᩚഛ䛸䛭䛾ຠᯝ᳨ド
⏬ീㄆ㆑ᢏ⾡䛸఩⨨᝟ሗ䜢฼⏝䛧䛯 AR 䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾௻⏬䞉❧᱌
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.127－132 （2012） 〔総説〕
᪥ᮏ䛜ୡ⏺䛻㄂䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾⪃ᐹ
ᡞ㻌 ἑ㻌 ⩏㻌 ኵ*
Investigation on what Japan can be proud of in worldwide
Yoshio Tozawa*
Abstract
Japanese common sense is sometimes said out of worldwide common sense. It is difficult for Japanese
to notice their normal behaviors are not natural from worldwide perspective. Accumulation of natural
behaviors by Japanese comes up with worldwide admiration. Toyota production system is one of such
admirations. This is what Japanese are proud of. This article clarifies the links between Japanese
normal behaviors and what non-Japanese cannot follow. Differences between decision-making
mechanism in Japan and that in western countries are analyzed. Fundamentals which supports
Toyota production system are investigated.
Keywords: Toyota Production System, Japanese common sense, bottom up decision-making
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
᪥ᮏ䛻䛔䜛䛸࿘䜚䛾ே㐩䜒⮬ศ䛸ྠ䛨䜘䛖䛻⪃䛘䠈ྠ䛨䜘䛖
䛻⾜ື䛩䜛䛾䛷䠈䛭䜜䛜ᙜ↛䛷䛒䜛䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䛔䠈ୡ䛾୰䛩䜉
䛶䛜䛭䛖䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䛜䛱䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ど㔝䜢ᗈ䛟ᣢ
䛱䠈ୡ⏺඲య䛛䜙ぢ䜛䛸䠈᪥ᮏே䛜ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸
䛜䠈ᐇ䛿ୡ⏺䛻㄂䛳䛶䛔䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛻Ẽ௜䛟䠊᪥ᮏே䛰
䛛䜙䛷䛝䛯䛣䛸䠈᪥ᮏே䛜䜔䛳䛶䛝䛯䛣䛸䜢ṇ䛧䛟ㄆ㆑䛧䠈ୡ
⏺䛻㄂䛳䛶䛔䛔䛸䛔䛖⮬ಙ䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䛿䠈⌧ᅾ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾㛢ሰ
ឤ䜢ᡴ◚䛩䜛ୖ䛷䛿ᴟ䜑䛶኱ษ䛺䛣䛸䛰䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊
᫇䠈➉ᮧᘓ୍䛜䛂᪥ᮏ䛾ᖖ㆑䛿ୡ⏺䛾㠀ᖖ㆑䛃䛸ゝ䛔ฟ䛧
䛶䠈䛣䛾䝣䝺䞊䝈䛿ከ䛟䛾ே䛜▱䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊䛂᪥ᮏ䛾ᖖ
㆑䛃䛂ୡ⏺䛾㠀ᖖ㆑䛃䜢䜻䞊䝽䞊䝗䛻䛧䛶䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛷᳨⣴
䛩䜛䛸䠈㠀ᖖ䛻ከ䛟䛾䝤䝻䜾䛜䝠䝑䝖䛩䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䜻䞊䝽䞊䝗
䜢ᣢ䛴ᮏ䜒䛔䛟䛴䛛ฟ∧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[1][2][3]䠊
䛂᪥ᮏ䛾ᖖ㆑䛿ୡ⏺䛾㠀ᖖ㆑䛃䛾ゎ㔘䛸䛧䛶䠈᪥ᮏே䛾䜔
䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛿ୡ⏺䛾㠀ᖖ㆑䛰䛛䜙䝎䝯䛰䠈᪥ᮏே䛾ᖖ㆑䜢
ᤞ䛶䜛䜉䛝䛰䠈䛸䛔䛖ㄽㄪ䜒ከ䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈➹⪅䛿䛭䛖䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈
᪥ᮏே䛜ᙜ↛䛾䛤䛸䛟䜔䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢䠈Ḣ⡿䛾ୡ⏺䛾ே䛯
䛱䛿┿ఝ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛾䛰䛛䜙䠈䛭䜜䜢㄂䜚䛻ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䛔䛾䛰䛸
䛔䛖ほⅬ䛷ㄽ䛨䛶䜏䛯䛔䠊
2. ᪥ᮏ䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮
2.1. 䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛾ពᚿỴᐃ
Ḣ⡿䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䛜䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁䛷䛒䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ព
ᚿỴᐃ䛿䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䠊୍⯡䛻䠈
⤌⧊䛿䝢䝷䝭䝑䝗ᆺ䜢䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈⦪๭䜚䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊⦪๭䜚⤌
⧊䛾ᘢᐖ䛿䛔䜝䛔䜝ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䝢䝷䝭䝑䝗ᆺ䛾⤌⧊䛸
䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷䛿᪥ᮏ䜒Ḣ⡿䜒ኚ䜟䜙䛺䛔䠊⦪๭䜚⤌⧊䛷௙஦䜢䛩
䜛䜘䜚䠈௙஦䛾┠ⓗู䛻䝎䜲䝘䝭䝑䜽䛻⤌⧊䜢స䜛᪉䛜ຠ⋡
䛜Ⰻ䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛂䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛃䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䛜ᑟධ䛥䜜䜛䜘
䛖䛻䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯䠊IT ᴗ⏺䛷䛿䠈⦪๭䜚⤌⧊䛿ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
䛾䠈⌧ᅾ䛷䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾௙஦䛜䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛸䛧䛶⾜䜟䜜䜛䜘
䛖䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
ពᚿỴᐃ䛜䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁䛛䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛛䛸䛔䛖㆟ㄽ䛿䠈䝥
䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ヰ䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䝢䝷䝭䝑䝗ᆺ䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛⤌⧊䛾୰䛷䠈
⤌⧊䛸䛧䛶䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻⾜䜟䜜䜛䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶䛷䛒
䜛䠊
Ḣ⡿䛾௻ᴗ⤌⧊䛷䛿䠈CEO 䛜⤯ᑐⓗ䛺ᶒ㝈䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔
䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛟䠈䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾䛒䜛 CEO 䛜⋡䛔䛶䛔䜛௻ᴗ
䛷ᡂຌ䛧䛯౛䛿ከ䛔䠊౛䛘䜀䠈IBM 䜢❧䛶┤䛧䛯䝹䞊䞉䜺䞊
䝇䝘䞊䠈GE 䛾䝆䝱䝑䜽䞉䜴䜵䝹䝏䠈䜰䝑䝥䝹♫䛾䝇䝔䜱䞊䝤䞉
䝆䝵䝤䝈䛺䛹䛷䛒䜛䠊๰ᴗ⪅䛷䛺䛟䛶䜒䠈䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁䛾ពᚿỴ
ᐃ䛜䛝䛱䜣䛸⾜䛘䜛⤌⧊䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾䛒䜛䝖䝑
䝥䛜⤌⧊䜢䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
᪥ᮏ䛷䛿䠈๰ᴗ⪅䛜௻ᴗ䜢Ⓨᒎ䛥䛫䜛౛䛿䛔䜝䛔䜝䛒䜛
䛜䠄౛䛘䜀䠈ᯇୗᖾஅຓ䠈ᮏ⏣᐀୍㑻䠈Ꮮṇ⩏䠈୕ᮌ㇂ᾈ
ྐ䠈ᰗ஭ṇ䛺䛹䠅䠈๰ᴗ⪅௨እ䛜Ⓨᒎ䛥䛫䛯౛䛿ᑡ䛺䛔䠊䝣
䜯䞊䝇䝖䝸䝔䜲䝸䞁䜾䛾ᰗ஭ṇ䛿䠈ఱᅇ䛛♫㛗䜢௵࿨䛧䛯䛣䛸
䛜䛒䜛䛜ゎ௵䛫䛦䜛䜢䛘䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊⌮⏤䛿䠈♫㛗䛜䛔䜝䛔䜝
䛺㒊㛛䛾ㄪᩚᙺ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔䠈䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䜢Ⓨ᥹䛧䛺䛟
䛺䛳䛯䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䠊♫㛗䛾௙஦䛻䠈䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛸ㄪᩚᙺ
䛾୧᪉䛜䛒䜛䛾䛿☜䛛䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛜⤌⧊䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䛻㛵
ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊๭䜚⤌⧊䛾䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾㒊㛛䛾฼ᐖ䜢ㄪᩚ䛩䜛
䛾䛜♫㛗䛾ᙺ๭䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䜿䞊䝇䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䛷䛿Ḣ⡿䛻ẚ
䜉䛶ከ䛔䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊
䝖䝑䝥䛜ពᚿỴᐃ䛧䛶䠈䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁䛾ᣦ♧䛷⤌⧊඲య䛜
ື䛟䜿䞊䝇䛸䠈ྛ㒊㛛䛜⊂⮬䛻ពᚿỴᐃ䛧䛶♫㛗䛜ㄪᩚ䛩
䜛䜿䞊䝇䛷䛿䠈⤌⧊䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛜ᇶᮏⓗ䛻␗䛺䛳
䛶䛔䜛䠊ྛ㒊㛛䛜⊂⮬䛻ពᚿỴᐃ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᨻ
ᗓ⤌⧊䛷䛂┬┈䛒䛳䛶ᅜ┈䛺䛧䛃䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛾䜢ᛮ
䛔ᾋ䛛䜉䜜䜀䜟䛛䜚䜔䛩䛔䠊᭱㏆䛷䛿䛂Ỵ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛔ᨻ἞䛃
䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䛜䠈䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛺䛔⤌⧊䛷䠈
䛧䛛䜒䠈ㄪᩚ䛜䛖䜎䛟䛷䛝䛺䛔≧ែ䜢ᣦ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛿䠈᪥
ᮏ䛾඾ᆺⓗ䛺ពᚿỴᐃ䛜䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁䛷䛿䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶
128
戸沢義夫
䛔䜛䠊
䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䜢䠄᪥ᮏᨻᗓ䜔⮬἞య⤌⧊䛾ሙ
ྜ䜢౛䛻䛧䛶䠅ᅗ䠍䜢⏝䛔䛶ゎㄝ䛩䜛䠊⦪๭䜚⤌⧊䛷䠈㒊⨫ A䠈
㒊⨫ B䠈㒊⨫ C 䛻ศ䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸䛩䜛䠊ྛ㒊⨫䛾ᙺ๭㈐௵
䛿ᩥ᭩䠄ἲᚊ䜔᮲௧䠅䛷䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑ᐃ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈㒊⨫
A,B,C 䜢⤫ᣓ䛩䜛䝫䝆䝅䝵䞁䛾ே䛜╔௵䛧䛶䜒䠈䛭䛾ே䛾ព
ྥ䛷ྛ㒊⨫䛾ᙺ๭㈐௵䛜ኚ䜟䜛䛣䛸䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹䛺䛔䠊㒊⨫ A
䛜ᢸᙜ䛩䜛௙஦䛿ἲᚊ䜔᮲௧䛷Ỵ䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䠈䛭䜜䜢
ᢸᙜ䛩䜛䛾䛿ㄡ䛻䛺䜛䛛䜢䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑Ỵ䜑䛶䛚䛟䠊Ẹ㛫௻ᴗ
䛰䛸௙஦䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛛䜙ㄡ䛜ᢸᙜ䛩䜛䛛䜢Ỵ䜑䜛ሙྜ䛜ከ
䛔䛜䠈ᐁබᗇ䛷䛿௙஦䛜ᐇ㝿䛻Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䛻㛵ಀ䛺
䛟䠈஦๓䛻ᢸᙜ⪅䜢Ỵ䜑䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䠊
౛䛸䛧䛶䠈ᇙ䜑❧䛶ᆅ䛾ἢᓊ䛻බᅬ䜢స䜛䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䜛䠊
ㆤᓊ䛿㒊⨫ A 䛾ᢸᙜ䠈බᅬ䜎䛷䛾㐨㊰䛿㒊⨫ B 䛾ᢸᙜ䠈බ
ᅬෆ᪋タ䛿㒊⨫ C 䛾ᢸᙜ䛸ศ䛛䜜䜛䠊ἲᚊ䠄᮲౛䠅䛷Ỵ䜎䛳
䛶䛔䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊ㆤᓊ䛸㐨㊰䛸᪋タ䛿஫䛔䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛䛾䛷䠈
㒊⨫ A,B,C 䛿ㄪᩚ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊ྛ㒊⨫䛿⮬ศ䛾㈐௵⠊
ᅖ䛾᝟ሗ䠄䝕䞊䝍䠅䛿ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈௚㒊⨫䛾᝟ሗ䛿䜟䛛䜙
䛺䛔䠄᝟ሗඹ᭷䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹䛷䛝䛶䛺䛔䠅䠊㒊⨫ A,B,C 䛾䛭䜜
䛮䜜䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䛜㞟䜎䜚䠈ㄪᩚ䛾䛯䜑䛻఍㆟䜢㛤ദ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻
䛺䜛䠊䛣䛾ሙྜ䠈᱌௳ෆᐜ䛛䜙䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑ᢸᙜ⪅䛜ุ䜛䛾䛷䠈
఍㆟䛾ฟᖍ⪅䛜ㄡ䛻䛺䜛䛛䛿஦๓䛻䜟䛛䜛䠊Ẹ㛫௻ᴗ䛰䛸
ୖྖ䛻㐃⤡䛧䛶ᢸᙜ⪅䛜ㄡ䛻䛺䜛䛛䜢Ỵ䜑䛶䜒䜙䜟䛺䛡䜜
䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䛜䠈ᐁබᗇ䛰䛸ୖྖ䛻㢗䜎䛺䛟䛶䜒ᢸ
ᙜ⪅䛜䜟䛛䜛䛾䛷䠈ᢸᙜ⪅ྠኈ䛷㐃⤡䛧఍䛔఍㆟䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸
䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈ୖྖ䛿఍㆟䛜⾜䜟䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢▱䜙䛪䠈
஦ᚋ䛻఍㆟⤖ᯝ䛾ሗ࿌䜢ཷ䛡䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䠊
ᅗ䠍䛷䛿䠈఍㆟⤖ᯝ䜢㒊⨫ A 䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䛛䜙ㄢ㛗䜈䠈㒊⨫
B 䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䛛䜙ㄢ㛗䜈䠈㒊⨫ C 䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䛛䜙ㄢ㛗䜈䠈䛭䜜
䛮䜜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㒊⨫ A,B,C 䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䛜
㞟䜎䜚䠈఍㆟䜢⾜䛳䛶Ỵ䜑䛯䛣䛸䛿䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜 3 ே䛾ㄢ㛗䜈
ሗ࿌䠄䝺䜽䠅䛥䜜䜛䠊ㄢ㛗䛿䠄஦๓䛻䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺఍㆟䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸
䜢▱䜙䛺䛔䛾䛷䠅ึ䜑䛶䛭䛾䛣䛸䜢⪺䛟䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䛜䠈ᢸᙜ⪅
䛜Ỵ䜑䛯䛣䛸䛻ㄢ㛗䛜䝎䝯䛸ゝ䛳䛯䜚䠈ྰᐃ䛧䛯䜚䛩䜛䛾䛿㞴
䛧䛔䠊䛺䛬䛺䜙䠈௚䛾 2 ே䛾ㄢ㛗䜒ྠෆᐜ䛾఍㆟⤖ᯝ䛾ሗ࿌
䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛚䜚䠈ㄡ䛛䛜䝎䝯䛸ゝ䛖䛸䠈௚䛾 2 ே䛾ㄢ㛗䛻㏞ᝨ䛜
䛛䛛䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈ᢸᙜ⪅䛜Ỵ䜑䛯䛣䛸䜢ୖྖ䛿㏣
ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䠊
䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䛸䛿䠈㒊ୗ䛜Ỵ䜑䛯䛣䛸䜢ୖྖ䛜
㏣ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷⤌⧊䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䛻䛺䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊ୖྖ䛜㞟
䜎䜛఍㆟䛿㆟ㄽ䛾ሙ䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈㏣ㄆ䛾ሙ䛷䛒䜛䠊
఍㆟䛷㆟ㄽ䜢䛧䛺䛔䠄཯ᑐពぢ䜢㏙䜉䛺䛔䠅䛾䛜䝬䝘䞊䛺
䛾䛷䠈఍㆟䛷㏣ㄆ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈఍㆟ཧຍ⪅䛻஦๓䛻஢ゎ䜢
ᚓ䛶䛚䛟ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䜢䛂᰿ᅇ䛧䛃䛸࿧䜆䠊᰿ᅇ䛧䛜᪥ᮏ
ⓗ䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䛜䠈䛣䜜䛿⤌⧊䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䝯䜹䝙䝈
⦪๭⤌⧊䛸
䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛾ពᛮỴᐃ ㄢ
•᰿ᅇ䛧
•఍㆟䛷䛿㏣ㄆ
䠄㆟ㄽ䛾ሙ䛷䛿䛺䛔䠅
ᢸᙜ⪅䛷ㄪᩚ䛧
୰㌟䜢ワ䜑䜛
㛗
㒊⨫A䛾どⅬ
ୖྖ䜈ሗ࿌䠄䝺䜽䠅
㒊⨫A䛜ಖ⟶
䛩䜛᝟ሗ
ㄢ
㛗
䝮䛜䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛻⾜䜟䜜䜛䛣䛸䛸㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊Ḣ⡿䛜䝖䝑䝥
䝎䜴䞁䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䜜䜀䠈䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛾ពᚿ
Ỵᐃ䛿᪥ᮏ䛾≉ᚩ䛷䛒䜛䠊
2.2. ⤌⧊ෆ䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁㔞
1980 ᖺ௦䛻䛺䜚䠈᪥ᮏ䛾㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗䜔⮬ື㌴䛺䛹〇
㐀ᴗ䛷䛾ရ㉁䛜㠀ᖖ䛻㧗䛟䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䛺䛬䛭䜜䛜
ྍ⬟䛺䛾䛛䠈䛭䛾⌮⏤䜢✲᫂䛩䜛◊✲䛜䜰䝯䝸䜹䛷┒䜣䛻䛺
䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾◊✲䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛜䝪䝖䝮
䜰䝑䝥䛷䛒䜚䠈Ḣ⡿䛸㐪䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䛯䠊䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑
䝥ពᚿỴᐃ䛜᪥ᮏ䛾ᅜຊ䜢ᙉ໬䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛
䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸䛾௬ㄝ䛛䜙䠈䛔䛟䛴䛛㆟ㄽ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛯䠊
䛭䛾䜂䛸䛴䛜䠈⤌⧊ෆ䛷⾜䜟䜜䜛䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁㔞䛷
䛒䜛䠊䝖䝑䝥䝎䜴䞁䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䜘䜚䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䛾
᪉䛜⤌⧊ෆ䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜ከ䛟䛺䜛䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊᰿
ᅇ䛧䛿䠈㒊⨫䛾ቨ䜢㉺䛘䛶䠈ྠព䜢ᚲせ䛸䛩䜛ே䛻஦๓䛻ㄝ
ᚓ䛻⾜䛟⾜Ⅽ䛷䛒䜛䠊᰿ᅇ䛧䛷䛿䠈⦪๭䜚⤌⧊䛾ቨ䜢㉺䛘䛯
䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜䠈ୖ఩䛾ே䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟ᢸᙜ⪅䝺䝧䝹䛾
ே䜢ྵ䜑䛶⾜䜟䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䛧䛛䜒ᮏ㡢䛷ヰ䛧ྜ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛒䜙
䜖䜛䝺䝧䝹䛷䛾⤌⧊ෆ䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜䝇䝮䞊䝈䛻⾜
䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜᪥ᮏ䛾ᙉ䜏䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䜰䝯䝸䜹䛜ୗ䛧䛯
᪥ᮏ䛾ᙉ䜏䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾䜂䛸䛴䛾⤖ㄽ䛷䛒䜚䠈᪥ᮏ䛜㄂䛳䛶
䛔䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
2.3. ᐁ൉୺ᑟ
➹⪅䛿 1990 ᖺ㡭䠈ཎᏊຊ䛾Ᏻ඲䛻㛵ಀ䛧䛯ᨻᗓጤဨ఍
䛾ጤဨ䜢ົ䜑䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䠊ᙜ᫬䠈➹⪅䛿 IBM 䛷䛾ே
ᕤ▱⬟䛾ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛷䛒䜚䠈ேᕤ▱⬟䛜ཎᏊຊ䛾Ᏻ඲䛻ᙺ❧䛴
䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈IBM 䛛䜙ጤဨ䜢ฟ䛩䜘䛖䛻せㄳ䛥
䜜䛯䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊௚䛾ጤဨ䝯䞁䝞䞊䛿ཎᏊຊ䛾ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛷䠈ཎ
ᏊຊⓎ㟁ᡤ䜢ᐇ㝿䛻స䛳䛶䛔䜛௻ᴗ䜢௦⾲䛧䛯ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛯䛱
䜒ከ䛛䛳䛯䠊ᴟ䜑䛶䛧䛳䛛䜚䛧䛯ぢ㆑䜢ᣢ䛳䛯ே䛯䛱䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᚑ䛳䛶䠈䝯䞁䝞䞊䜢ぢ䜛㝈䜚䠈ጤဨ఍䛿Ꮫ㆑⤒㦂⪅䛾㞟䜎䜚
䛷䛒䜛䠊
ጤဨ఍䛷䛾㆟᱌䛿䠈஦ົᒁ䠄ᨻᗓ䠅䛜᱌䜢స䜚䠈ጤဨ఍䛷
ᑂ㆟䛧䛯䜒䛾䛿Ꮫ㆑⤒㦂⪅䛾ពぢ䛸䛧䛶䜎䛸䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊➹⪅
䛜䜃䛳䛟䜚䛧䛯䛾䛿䠈䛫䛳䛛䛟䛾ᶵ఍䛺䛾䛻䠈ጤဨ䛾䝯䞁䝞䞊
䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹Ⓨゝ䛧䛺䛔Ⅼ䛷䛒䜛䠊ጤဨ఍䛿⮬⏤䛺ウㄽ䛾ሙ
䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ጤဨ఍䛜⏝ព䛧䛯᱌䜢㏣ㄆ䛩䜛ሙ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
᭱ึ䠈➹⪅䛿Ẽ௜䛛䛺䛛䛳䛯䛾䛰䛜䠈௻ᴗ䜢௦⾲䛧䛶᮶䛶
䛔䜛ጤဨ䛿䠈䛭䛾௻ᴗ䛜ᨻᗓ䛛䜙䛾௙஦䜢䜒䜙䛳䛶䛔䜛㝈䜚䠈
⮬⏤䛻Ⓨゝ䛷䛝䛺䛔❧ሙ䛻䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊஦ົᒁ᱌䛻
཯ᑐ䛩䜛䛸䠈䛭䛾௻ᴗ䛜ᨻᗓ䛛䜙䛾௙஦䜢ཷὀ䛷䛝䛺䛟䛺䜛
ᚰ㓄䛜䛒䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊
ጤဨ఍䜢⤒䛶䠈஦ົᒁ᱌䛿Ꮫ㆑⤒㦂⪅䛾䛚ቚ௜䛝䜢ᚓ䜛
䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䠊ཎ᱌䛿஦ົᒁ䛜స䛳䛯䛸䛧䛶䜒䠈ጤဨ఍䜢⤒䜛䛸
஦ົᒁ䛾㈐௵䛷䛿䛺䛟䛺䜚䠈Ꮫ㆑⤒㦂⪅䛾ពぢ䛻ኚ䜟䜛䠊䛣
䛾䜘䛖䛻䛧䛶䠈஦ົᒁ䛿⾲䛻䛿⌧䜜䛺䛔䛡䜜䛹䠈ᐇ㉁ⓗ䛻♫
఍䛾㐍䜐᪉ྥ䜢䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛩䜛௙⤌䜏䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䠊ᐁ൉䛜
ୡ䛾୰䜢䛒䜛⛬ᗘ୺ᑟ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛣䛾௙⤌䜏䛿ᐁ൉䛜ඃ⚽䛷䛒䜜䜀䛖䜎䛟ᶵ⬟䛩䜛䠊᪥ᮏ䛷
䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍⏘ᴗ䛜Ὲử䛥䜜䛪䛻⏕䛝ṧ䛳䛯䛾䛿ᐁ൉䛾㡹
ᙇ䜚䛻䜘䜛䛸䛣䜝䛜኱䛝䛔䠊᭱㏆䛿䛂⬺ᐁ൉䛃䜢ྉ䜆ே䛜ቑ䛘
䛶䛝䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈୍ᴫ䛻ᝏ䛔䛸䛿ゝ䛘䛺䛔㒊ศ䛜䛒䜛䠊
ㄢ
㛗
ᅗ䠍㻌 䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛾ពᚿỴᐃ
3. ᪥ᮏⓎ䛾〇㐀ᴗ
᪥ᮏ䛾〇㐀ᴗ䛿᭱ึ䛛䜙ඃ䜜䛶䛔䛯䜟䛡䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊ᨻᗓ
日本が世界に誇れることについての考察 129
䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈ᕤሙసᴗဨ䜒ከ⬟ᕤ䛻䛺䜝䛖䛸⮬୺ⓗ䛻ດ
ຊ䜢䛩䜛䠊䛭䛾ດຊ䛿ホ౯䛧䛶䜒䜙䛘䜛䠊୍᪉䠈Ḣ⡿䛷䛿䠈ᕤ
ሙసᴗဨ䛿Ỵ䜑䜙䜜䛯䛣䛸䛰䛡䜢䜔䜜䜀䛔䛔䛾䛷䛒䛳䛶䠈䛭
䜜௨እ䛾䛣䛸䜢䛧䛶䜒ホ౯䛥䜜䛺䛔䠊
᪥ᮏ䛷䛿ΰὶ⏕⏘䛜ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛷䛒䜚䠈䛭䜜䜢ᨭ䛘䛶䛔䜛䛾
䛿ከ⬟ᕤ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿Ḣ⡿䛷䛿䛺䛛䛺䛛䛷䛝䛺䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒
䜚䠈᪥ᮏ䛜㄂䛳䛶䛔䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊ゝⴥ䜢ኚ䛘䜜䜀䠈᪥ᮏ䛾
ᕤሙసᴗဨ䛿ඃ⚽䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䠊
䛜䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺ᙧ䛷ୗᨭ䛘䛧䛶Ⓨᒎ䛧䛶䛝䛯䛾䜒஦ᐇ䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛧䛛䛧䠈䛭䜜௨ୖ䛻䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᩥ໬䠈䛂ᖖ㆑䠄ᙜ䛯䜚๓䠅䛃䛜〇㐀
ᴗ䜢ୡ⏺䛾䝖䝑䝥䛻ᢲ䛧ୖ䛢䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶
௨ୗ䛻ㄽ䛨䜛䠊
3.1. ΰὶ⏕⏘
᪥ᮏ䛾⮬ື㌴ᕤሙ䜢౛䛻䛸䛳䛶䜏䜛䠄ᅗ 2 ཧ↷䠅䠊᪥ᮏ䛷
䛿ྠ䛨⏕⏘䝷䜲䞁䛻␗䛺䛳䛯㌴✀䠄䝰䝕䝹䠅䛜ὶ䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾
䛿᪥ᖖⓗ䛺㢼ᬒ䛷ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛷䛒䜛䠊ྠ䛨䜒䛾䜢ከ㔞䛻స䜚⥆
䛡䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ྠ䛨⏕⏘䝷䜲䞁䛷␗䛺䛳䛯䜒䛾䜢స䜛䛾䛜
䛂ΰὶ⏕⏘䛃䛷䛒䜛䠊䜰䝯䝸䜹䛷䛿ከ㔞䛻స䛳䛶䜒䛭䜜䜢ᾘ㈝
䛩䜛ᕷሙ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛾䛷䠈ྠ䛨䜒䛾䜢స䜚⥆䛡䛶䜒䠄ΰὶ⏕⏘䛻
ྲྀ䜚⤌䜎䛺䛟䛶䜒䠅ၥ㢟䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䝣䜷䞊䝗䛜㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯⮬ື
㌴⏕⏘䛾ὶ䜜సᴗ䛿䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䛜Ỵ䜑䜙䜜䛯సᴗ
䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷ከ㔞䛾⮬ື㌴䜢᏶ᡂ䛥䛫䜛⏬ᮇⓗ䛺䜒
䛾䛰䛳䛯䠊䜰䝯䝸䜹䛷䛿ὶ䜜సᴗ䛻䜘䜛ྠ䛨䜒䛾䛾኱㔞⏕⏘
䛜ᾐ㏱䛧䠈ΰὶ⏕⏘䛿ᚲせ䛺䛛䛳䛯䛧䠈⾜䜟䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊
᪥ᮏ䛷䛾⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗ䛜ΰὶ⏕⏘䜢⾜䛖䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䛾䛿䠈
᪥ᮏ䛾⮬ື㌴ᕷሙ䛜ᑠ䛥䛛䛳䛯䛯䜑䠈ྠ䛨㌴䜢ከ㔞䛻స䛳
䛶䜒኎䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊ᚲ↛ⓗ䛻䜂䛸䛴䛾⏕⏘䝷䜲䞁
䛷」ᩘ䛾㌴✀䜢ΰ䛬䛶⏕⏘䛫䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊ΰὶ⏕⏘
䜢⾜䛖䛻䛿䠈⏕⏘䝷䜲䞁䜢ὶ䜜䜛㌴䛻㈞䜚⣬䜢௜䛡䠈䛭䛾㈞䜚
⣬䛻䛭䛾㌴✀䠄䝰䝕䝹䜔䜸䝥䝅䝵䞁䠅䜢᭩䛔䛶䛚䛝䠈ᕤሙస
ᴗဨ䛿䛭䛾㈞䜚⣬䜢ぢ䛶㐺ษ䛺సᴗ䜢⾜䛖䠊䝣䜷䞊䝗⏕⏘᪉
ᘧ䛷䛿䠈ᕤሙసᴗဨ䛿Ỵ䜑䜙䜜䛯䛣䛸䛰䛡䜢⾜䛘䜀Ⰻ䛛䛳䛯
䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈ΰὶ⏕⏘䛷䛿䠈సᴗဨ䛿㈞䜚⣬䜢ぢ䛶⮬ศ䛜⾜䛖
䜉䛝సᴗ䜢ุ᩿䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊
3.3. Just In Time
3.2. ከ⬟ᕤ
᪥ᮏே䛾ឤぬ䛷䛿䠈㈞䜚⣬䜢ぢ䛶⮬ศ䛜⾜䛖䜉䛝సᴗ䜢
ุ᩿䛩䜛䛾䛿ㄡ䛻䛷䜒䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛰䛸ᛮ䛔䛜䛱䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈
᪥ᮏ䜢ฟ䜛䛸䛭䛖䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䛒䜛⮬ື㌴఍♫䛜ึ䜑䛶ᮾḢ䛻
ᕤሙ䜢ᘓ䛶䛯᫬䠈᭱⤊ရ㉁᳨ᰝ䜢㏻㐣䛷䛝䛺䛔୙Ⰻရ䛜ከ
㔞䛻⏕䜎䜜䛯䠊᪥ᮏ䛷ᬑ㏻䛻⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛ΰὶ⏕⏘䜢ᮾḢ
䛻ᣢ䛱㎸䜏䛷䛝䜛䛰䜝䛖䛸ᛮ䛳䛯䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ᕤሙస
ᴗဨ䛿䠈㈞䜚⣬䜢ぢ䛶⮬ศ䛜⾜䛖䜉䛝సᴗ䜢ุ᩿䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜
䛺䛛䛺䛛䛷䛝䛪䠈୙Ⰻရ䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥䛫䜛ཎᅉ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䠊
䛭䛣䛷䠈ΰὶ⏕⏘䜢Ṇ䜑䠈ྠ䛨㌴䜢స䜚⥆䛡䜛䜘䛖䛻ኚ䛘䛯䜙
୙Ⰻ⋡䛿኱ᖜ䛻ୗ䛜䛳䛯䠊
ᅗ 2 䛻䜒♧䛧䛶䛒䜛䛜䠈ᕤሙసᴗဨ䛿㈞䜚⣬䜢ぢ䛶䛔䜝䛔
䜝䛺సᴗ䜢⾜䛖䠊⮬ศ䛾䜔䜜䜛䛣䛸䛿㝈䜙䜜䜛䛛䜙䠈┠䛾๓䛻
㌴䛜᮶䛶䜒ఱ䜒䛷䛝䜎䛫䜣䛸䛔䛖䛾䛷䛿సᴗဨ䛿௙஦䜢䛧䛺
䛔䛷㐟䜆䛣䛸䛻䛺䜚䠈ᮃ䜎䛧䛟䛺䛔䠊ከ⬟ᕤ䛜ᮃ䜎䜜䜛䠊
᪥ᮏே䛿ከ⬟ᕤ䛻䛺䜛䛣䛸䛻᢬ᢠ䛿䛺䛔䛧䠈ᙜ↛䛸ཷ䛡ᐜ
ᖹ‽໬䠖సᴗ㔞䛾ከ䛔㌴䛾ᚋ䛻䚸సᴗ㔞䛾ᑡ䛺䛔㌴䜢ὶ䛩
㈞⣬
㈞⣬
㈞⣬
⤌❧
ሬ⿦
Ჴ
ከ⬟ᕤ
Ჴ
⤌❧㛤ጞ䛸㡰ᗎ䜢
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈㐃⤡
᳨ရ䛺䛧
ཷධ䛛䜙䝷䜲䞁
⬥䛾Ჴ䜈
ཷධ
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛾
䝖䝷䝑䜽䛿ཷධ䛻
㒊ရ䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛟䜛
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛜㒊ရ䜢୪䜉䛶⣡ရ
᫬㛫ᣦᐃ䠄Just In Time䠅
ᅗ䠎㻌 ΰὶ⏕⏘
咁
呀᏶
叻 ᡂ ᳨ᰝ
呉
吁
听
咂
౑䛖㡰␒䛻
୪䜣䛰㒊ရ
ฟ
Ⲵ
Just In Time 䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䛾〇㐀ᴗ䛿䛹䛣䛜ඃ䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䜢
䜰䝯䝸䜹䛜ᚭᗏⓗ䛻◊✲䛧䛯⤖ᯝྡ௜䛡䜙䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
ඖ䚻䛿䝖䝶䝍䛜⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䜹䞁䝞䞁᪉ᘧ䜢ᣦ䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊௒䛷
䛿ᖜᗈ䛟ゎ㔘䛥䜜䛂ᚲせ䛺䜒䛾䜢ᚲせ䛺᫬䛻ᚲせ䛺㔞䛰䛡⏕
⏘䛩䜛䛃䛣䛸䜢ᣦ䛩䠊
Just In Time 䛜ඃ䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿䠈㒊ရᅾᗜ䛜䛺䛔Ⅼ䛷䛒
䜛䠊㒊ရᅾᗜ䛺䛧䛷⏕⏘䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䛂䝸䞊䞁䠄lean:䜔䛫䛯
䛸䛔䛖ព࿡䠅⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛃䛸䜒࿧䜀䜜䜛䠊䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛷䝮䝎䜢
ᚭᗏⓗ䛻᤼㝖䛧䛯⤖ᯝᐇ⌧䛷䛝䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䜰䝯䝸䜹ே
䛾║䛛䜙ぢ䜛䛸⏬ᮇⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䠄㒊ရ䝯䞊䜹䞊䠅䛿㒊ရ䜢Ỵ䜑䜙䜜䛯᫬㛫䛻
ᣢ䛳䛶᮶䜛䛜䠈ᕤሙ䛷䛿䛭䜜䜢᳨ရ䛧䛯䜚䛿䛧䛺䛔䠊᳨ရ䛿
ὀᩥ䛧䛯ಶᩘ䛜ṇ䛧䛔䛛䛹䛖䛛䠈ရ㉁䛻ၥ㢟䛜䛺䛔䛛䛹䛖䛛
䜢䝏䜵䝑䜽䛩䜛䛾䛜┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠊㏻ᖖ䛾ၟྲྀᘬ䛷䛿᳨ရ䛿ᖖ
㆑䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈᳨ရ⮬య䛿௜ຍ౯್䜢⏕䜐⾜Ⅽ䛷䛿䛺
䛔䠊௜ຍ౯್䜢⏕䜎䛺䛔௙஦䛿䝮䝎䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䛛䜙䛿䠈᳨
ရ䛿↓䛔᪉䛜Ⰻ䛔䠊᳨ရ䜢⾜䜟䛺䛟䛶῭䜐䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䜰䝯䝸䜹
ே䛻䛸䛳䛶䛿㦫䛝䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊
䝖䝶䝍䛷᳨ရ䜢┬␎䛧䛶䜒ၥ㢟䛜㉳䛝䛺䛔䛾䛿䠈䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲
䞊䛾ရ㉁䛜Ⰻ䛔䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛿ಶᩘ䜢㛫㐪䛘䜛
䛣䛸䜒䛺䛡䜜䜀䠈୙Ⰻရ䜢ᒆ䛡䜛䛣䛸䜒䛺䛔䠊
Just In Time 䛿ရ㉁䛻⮬ಙ䛜䛺䛔䛸㐩ᡂ䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊᪥ᮏ
〇䛿ရ㉁䛜Ⰻ䛔䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䛜䠈ရ㉁䛾Ⰻ䛥䛿 Just In Time
䜢ྍ⬟䛻䛩䜛㔜せ䛺せ⣲䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊Just In Time 䜢ᙧ
䛰䛡┿ఝ䛧䛶䜒䛖䜎䛟䛔䛛䛺䛔䛾䛿䠈䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛾ရ㉁䛻ᡂ
ྰ䛜኱䛝䛟ᕥྑ䛥䜜䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊
᪥ᮏ䛾〇㐀ᴗ䛿Ḣ⡿䛾௻ᴗ䛻ẚ䜉䛶ရ㉁䜈䛾䛣䛰䜟䜚䛜
ᙉ䛔䠊୍⯡䛻ရ㉁䛸䝁䝇䝖䛿཯ẚ౛䛾㛵ಀ䛻䛒䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䛶
䛔䜛䠊䝁䝇䝖䜢ᢚ䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿ရ㉁䛾㏣ồ䜢䛹䛣䛛䛷䛒䛝䜙䜑
䜛䛾䛜ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛸䛔䛖䛾䛜Ḣ⡿௻ᴗ䛾ឤぬ䛷䛒䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈
ዎ⣙䛷つᐃ䛥䜜䛯ရ㉁䜢‶䛯䛫䜀䛭䜜䛷Ⰻ䛧䛸䛩䜛䛾䛜ᬑ
㏻䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䠈᪥ᮏ䛾௻ᴗ䛿䝁䝇䝖䛸䛿ู䛻䠈ᑡ䛧䛷
䜒ရ㉁䜢Ⰻ䛟䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛ດຊ䜢ᛰ䜙䛺䛔䠊䛣䜜䛜⤖ᯝⓗ䛻䛿
᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ䛾ရ㉁䛾Ⰻ䛥䛸䛺䜚䠈Just In Time 䛾⏬ᮇⓗ䛺⏕
⏘᪉ἲ䜢ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䝖䝶䝍䛜䝮䝎䛾᤼㝖䜢ᚭᗏ䛧䛶㏣ồ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙฿㐩䛧䛯⏕
⏘᪉ᘧ䛜䠈ୡ⏺ⓗ䛻䛿 Just In Time䠄䜎䛯䛿䝸䞊䞁⏕⏘᪉
ᘧ䠅䛾⏬ᮇⓗ䛺᪉ᘧ䛸䛧䛶ㄆ▱䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊䝖䝶䝍䛿⏬
ᮇⓗ䛺䛣䛸䜢䜔䜝䛖䛸䛧䛶䜹䞁䝞䞁᪉ᘧ䜢ጞ䜑䛯䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊
䝮䝎䛾᤼㝖䛸䛔䛖ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䜢䜔䜚⥆䛡䛯䛰䛡䛷䛒䜛䠊ᙜ
䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䛾✚䜏㔜䛽䛜䠈⤖ᯝⓗ䛻䛿䠈Ḣ⡿ே䛜┿ఝ䛷䛝
䛺䛔⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䜜䜢ᨭ䛘䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿
ရ㉁䛾Ⰻ䛥䛷䛒䜛䠊
᪥ᮏே䛜ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䜔䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈ୡ⏺୰䛾ㄡ
䛻䛸䛳䛶䜒ྠ䛨䛰䜝䛖䛸ᛮ䛖䛾䛿㛫㐪䛔䛷䛒䜛䠊᪥ᮏே䛰䛛䜙
䛷䛝䛯䛾䛷䛒䛳䛶䠈Ḣ⡿ே䛻䛿䛷䛝䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾୍౛
䛜᳨ရ䛾ᗫṆ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䛣䛸䛿᪥ᮏே䛜ୡ⏺䛻㄂䛳
䛶䛔䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒䜚䠈᪥ᮏே䛺䜙䜒䛳䛸▱䛳䛶䛔䛶䛔䛔䛣䛸䛰䛸
ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊
130
戸沢義夫
ᢞධ㡰ᗎ䛜䠈௙ᵝ㐪䛔䛷䝞䝷䛡䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䠄᭱㐺໬䠅
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛾సᴗᖹ‽໬䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛
䠍ḟ䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊 ⣡ධᣦ♧
㌴య⤌❧
ཷධ
ሬ⿦
䝻䝪䝑䝖
㌴୧⤌❧
䝻䝪䝑䝖
䝥䝺䝇
⣡ධᣦ♧
䝻䝪䝑䝖
䠍ḟ䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊
⁐᥋
ሬ⿦
⣡ရ
ཷධ
⣡ရ
⤌❧
䝷䜲
䝃䝤
䝃䝤
䝷䜲
䞁
䞁
⣡ධᣦ♧
咁
⏕ᢞ
⏘ධ
㛤
ጞ
咂
咁
呀᏶
叻ᡂ
呉
吁
听
咂
᳨ᰝ
ฟ
Ⲵ
⣡ရ
⣡ရ
⣡ධᣦ♧
ཷධ
䠎ḟ䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊
⣡ධᣦ♧
⣡ရ
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛻䜒
䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䜢せồ
䠎ḟ䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊
ᅗ䠏㻌 䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈䛾㓄៖
3.4. 䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈䛾㓄៖
〇㐀ᴗ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝸䝔䜱䛸䛧䛶䜎䛸䜑䛶⏕⏘䛩䜛䛸䠈⬟⋡䜒䛔
䛔䛧䠈䝁䝇䝖䜒䛥䛜䜛䛛䜙䠈୍ᗘ䛻䜎䛸䜑䛶⏕⏘䛧䛯䛔䛸䛔䛖ᛮ
䛔䛜䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛷䛿䛂ᚲせ䛺䜒䛾䜢ᚲせ䛺
᫬䛻ᚲせ䛺㔞䛰䛡⏕⏘䛩䜛䛃䜉䛝䛺䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈䜎䛸䜑
䛶⏕⏘䛧䛯䛔䝯䞁䝍䝸䝔䜱䛻཯䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᚲせ䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔
䛾䛻ぢ㎸䜏䛷䠄䜎䛸䜑䛶䠅⏕⏘䛩䜛䛾䛿ᝏ䛷䛒䜚䠈チ䛥䜜䛺䛔䠊
䛣䜜䛿䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛻䜒ᚭᗏ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛿䠈ḧ䛧䛔䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛛䜙⏕⏘䛩䜛䛾䛷䠈䛒
䜛᫬䛿ከ㔞䛾ὀᩥ䛜᮶䜛䛜䠈ὀᩥ䛜඲䛟᮶䛺䛔᫬ᮇ䜒䛒䜛䛸
䛔䛖䛾䛷䛿㠀ᖖ䛻ᅔ䜛䠊䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛾❧ሙ䛛䜙䛿䠈ὀᩥ䛜
ᖹ‽໬䛧䛶䠈䛔䛴䜒ᐃᖖⓗ䛺ὀᩥ䛜䛒䜛䛾䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䠊䝃䝥
䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈䛾ὀᩥ䛿䠈⮬ື㌴䝯䞊䜹䞊䛛䜙䠍ḟ䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䠈
䠎ḟ䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈䛸ୗ఩䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛻ఏ᧛䛥䜜䜛䠊⮬ື
㌴䝯䞊䜹䞊䛷䛾䛱䜗䛳䛸䛧䛯䝤䝺䛜䠈ୗ఩䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛻䛿኱
䛝䛺ኚື䛻䛺䜛䠄䛣䜜䜢䝤䝹䜴䜱䝑䝥ຠᯝ䛸䛔䛖䠅䠊ὀᩥ䛾ኚື
䛜኱䛝䛔䛸䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛿䛴䛔䛶䛔䛡䛪䠈⤖ᯝⓗ䛻ᝏ䛔ရ
㉁䛾䜒䛾䛜ΰ䛨䛳䛶䛧䜎䛖䠊
ୗ఩䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛜䛴䛔䛶䛣䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈⮬ື㌴
䝯䞊䜹䞊䛛䜙䛾ὀᩥ䛜ᖹ‽໬䛧䛶᮶䜛䛸䛜ᴟ䜑䛶኱ษ䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᐇ䛿䠈䝖䝶䝍䛷䛿ΰὶ⏕⏘䛷ᖹ‽໬䛜ᐇ⌧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ΰὶ
⏕⏘䛷䛿䛔䜝䛔䜝␗䛺䛳䛯㌴✀䛜ὶ䜜䛶䛟䜛䠊㌴✀䛻䜘䛳䛶
䛿ᡭ㛫䛾䛛䛛䜛䜒䛾䜒䛒䜛䛧䠈ᡭ㛫䛾䛛䛛䜙䛺䛔䜒䛾䜒䛒䜛䠊
సᴗဨ䛻䛸䛳䛶䛿䠈ᡭ㛫䛾䛛䛛䜛䜒䛾䛸ᡭ㛫䛾䛛䛛䜙䛺䛔䜒
䛾䛜஺஫䛻᮶䜛䛾䛜䛾䛮䜎䛧䛔䠊సᴗဨ䛾㈇Ⲵ䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䠈
⮬ື㌴䛾ΰὶ⏕⏘䛷䛿䠈䝷䜲䞁䛻ᢞධ䛩䜛㌴✀䛾㡰ᗎ䜢䛹
䛾䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛛䛜㠀ᖖ䛻኱ษ䛻䛺䜛䠊䝖䝶䝍䛿ᢞධ㡰ᗎ䜢᭱
㐺໬䛧䛶Ỵ䜑䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛚䜚䠈䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡ྠ✀䛾㌴
✀䛜⥆䛛䛺䛔䜘䛖䛻䝞䝷䛡䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᢞධ㡰ᗎ䛾᭱㐺໬䛿䠈┤᥋ⓗ䛻䛿ᕤሙసᴗဨ䛾௙஦䛾
ᖹ‽໬䛾䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䠊ᖹ‽໬䛾᭱㐺໬䛻䜘䜚㌴✀䛜䝞䝷䛡䜛
䛣䛸䛻䛺䜚䠈⤖ᯝⓗ䛻䛿䠈䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛻䛸䛳䛶䛾ᖹ‽໬䛻䛴
䛺䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
ಶ䚻䛾௻ᴗ䛿⊂❧䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈⮬ศ䛜Ⰻ䛟䛺䜛䛣䛸䛰䛡䜢⪃
䛘䜜䜀Ⰻ䛟䠈ዎ⣙䜢Ᏺ䛳䛶䛥䛘䛔䜜䜀䠈䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛾≧ἣ
䛻㛵ᚰ䜢ᣢ䛯䛺䛟䛶䜒Ⰻ䛔䠈䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䜒䛒䜛䠊Ḣ⡿䛾䝡䝆
䝛䝇䛷䛿䛭䜜䛜ᬑ㏻䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈᪥ᮏ䛷䛿䠈䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊
䛸ඹ䛻඲య䛜䜘䛟䛺䜛䛾䜢Ⰻ䛧䛸䛩䜛ᩥ໬䛜䛒䜛䠊ᬯ㯲ⓗ䛺䝃
䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈䛾㓄៖䛷䛒䜛䠊
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈䛾㓄៖䛜䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䜙䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛿
ᡂ䜚❧䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈ΰὶ⏕⏘䜔 Just In Time 䛜ᐇ⌧
䛷䛝䛶䛔䜛䠊䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈䛾㓄៖䜢ព㆑䛧䛶⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䜟
䛡䛷䛿䛺䛔䛜䠈⤖ᯝⓗ䛻䛭䜜䛜ᐇ⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜䛩䜀䜙䛧䛟䠈
᪥ᮏ䛰䛛䜙䛷䛝䛯䛣䛸䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊
䝖䝶䝍䛿Ỵ䛧䛶䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜢⏑䜔䛛䛧䛶䛔䜛䜟䛡䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊
䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜈䛾せồ䝺䝧䝹䛿㠀ᖖ䛻㧗䛔䛧ཝ䛧䛔䠊㥆䜜
ྜ䛔䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊᪥ᮏ䛾⮬ື㌴䝯䞊䜹䞊䛸䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䛾㛵ಀ
䜢Ḣ⡿௻ᴗ䛛䜙ぢ䛶㛢㙐ⓗ䛸㠀㞴䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜒䛒䜛䛜䠈᪥ᮏ
䛾䜹䝹䝏䝱䞊䛻ᇶ䛵䛟㒊ศ䛜䛒䜚䠈᪥ᮏே䛜㄂䜚䛻ᛮ䛳䛶Ⰻ
䛔㒊ศ䛸䜒ゝ䛘䜛䠊
4. 䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ
4.1. 䝖䝶䝍䛾⏕⏘ᛶ
䜰䝯䝸䜹䛿 1985 ᖺ䛛䜙 MIT 䜢୰ᚰ䛻䛧䛶 IMVP䠄ᅜ㝿⮬
ື㌴䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䠅䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䠈᪥ᮏ⮬ື㌴䝯䞊䜹䞊䛾➇தຊ䛾
※Ἠ䛿ఱ䛛䜢ᚭᗏⓗ䛻◊✲䛧䛯䠊䛭䜜䛿䇾The Machine
that changed the World䇿䛸䛔䛖ᮏ[4]䛻䜎䛸䜑䜙䜜䛯䠊䛭䛾
୰䛻ᅗ 4 䛻♧䛩䝕䞊䝍䛜㍕䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊NUMMI 䛿 GM 䛸䝖䝶
䝍䛜ྜᘚ䛷タ❧䛧䛯఍♫䛷䛒䜚䠈GM 䛜㛢㙐䛧䛯ᕤሙ䜢฼⏝
䛧䛶⏕⏘䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛯䠊
GM ᕤሙ䠄⡿ᅜ䠅䛷䛿㒊ရᅾᗜ䛜 2 㐌㛫ศ䜒䛒䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈
䝖䝶䝍ᕤሙ䠄᪥ᮏ䠅䛷䛿䜟䛪䛛䛻 2 ᫬㛫ศ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈
Just In Time 䜢ᐇ⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊NUMMI 䛿⡿ᅜ
ᕤሙ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈㒊ရᅾ
ᗜ䜢 2 ᪥ศ䜎䛷ῶ䜙䛩䛣䛸䛻ᡂຌ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊GM 䛸䝖䝶䝍䛾ရ
㉁䛾㐪䛔䜒䛿䛳䛝䜚ᩘᏐ䛻⾲䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㌴䜢䠍ྎ⏕⏘䛩䜛䛾
䛻ఱ᫬㛫䛛䛛䜛䛛䜢ぢ䛶䜒䠈GM 䛸䝖䝶䝍䛷䛿 2 ಸ㏆䛔㛤䛝䛜
䛒䜛䠊᫂䜙䛛䛻䝖䝶䝍䛾⏕⏘ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䛣䛸䛜ㄞ䜏ྲྀ䜜䜛䠊
4.2. 䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛾ཎⅬ
䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈➹⪅䛜䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛻䛸䛳䛶኱஦䛰䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔
䜛䛣䛸䜢䛔䛟䛴䛛㏙䜉䜛䠊䝖䝶䝍䛿᪂䛧䛔䛣䛸䠈⏬ᮇⓗ䛺䛣䛸䜢
䜔䜚䛯䛟䛶䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䜢⪃䛘ฟ䛧䛯䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䛤䛟ᙜ䛯
䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䛾✚䜏㔜䛽䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶⏕䜏ฟ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛂ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䛃䛸䛿ఱ䛛䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䛿ᡭ
㛫䛜䛛䛛䛳䛯䜚䠈ຠ⋡ⓗ䛷䛺䛛䛳䛯䜚䠈ᴦ䛷䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯䜚䛩䜛䠊
ே㛫䛾ᴗ䛸䛧䛶䠈ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䛿䛂䜔䜛䜉䛝䛃䛸䛿䜟䛛䛳䛶䛔
䛶䜒䠈ᴦ䛺᪉䜈⾜䛝䛯䛟䛺䜛䠊䛭䜜䜢ᡄ䜑䠈ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䜢䛝
䛱䜣䛸ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻ゝ䛔⥆䛡䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛷
䛒䜛䠊
䐟䝮䝎䛾᤼㝖
䝮䝎䜢᤼㝖䛩䜛䛾䛿䛔䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒䜚䠈ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛷䛒䜛䠊䝖䝶䝍
ᅗ䠐㻌 GM䞉䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘ᛶẚ㍑
日本が世界に誇れることについての考察 131
䛷䛿䠈䝮䝎䜢௨ୗ䛾䠓✀㢮䛻ศ㢮䛧䠈䛸䛻䛛䛟䝮䝎䛜ぢ䛴䛛
䜜䜀᤼㝖䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䝮䝎䜢ぢ䛴䛡䜛䛾䛿ᕤ
ሙ䛾⌧ሙ䛾సᴗဨ䛛䜙⤒Ⴀᖿ㒊䜎䛷䠈ㄡ䛷䜒䜘䛔䠊䝮䝎䜢ぢ
䛴䛡䜛䛣䛸䛸䠈䝮䝎䜢᤼㝖䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ู䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䛹䛖䛩䜜
䜀᤼㝖䛷䛝䜛䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛๓䛻䠈䝮䝎䛭䛾䜒䛾䜢ぢ䛴䛡ฟ䛩䛣
䛸䛜㔜せ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
1. 㐀䜚㐣䛞䛾䝮䝎
᪩䛟㐀䜚㐣䛞䛯䜚䚸ከ䛟㐀䜚㐣䛞䜛䝮䝎䠊䛣䛾䝮䝎䛿䠈䜎䛸
䜑䛶స䜚䛯䛟䛺䜛〇㐀ᴗ䛾䝯䞁䝍䝸䝔䜱䜢ᡄ䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊ᚲ
せ䛸䛥䜜䜛䜎䛷⏕⏘䛧䛶䛿䛺䜙䛺䛔䠈䛸䛔䛖䛾䛜䛣䛾䝮䝎
䛸㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᚲせ䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛯䜙䛩䛠䛻⏕⏘䛷䛝䜛䜘
䛖䛻‽ഛ䜢䛧䛶䛚䛟䛣䛸䛿㔜せ䛰䛜䠈⏕⏘䛧䛶䛿䛺䜙䛺
䛔䠊
2. ᡭᚅ䛱䛾䝮䝎
3. 㐠ᦙ䛾䝮䝎
4. ຍᕤ䛭䛾䜒䛾䛾䝮䝎
5. ᅾᗜ䛾䝮䝎
6. ືస䛾䝮䝎
௜ຍ౯್䜢⏕䜎䛺䛔సᴗ䠄ே䚸タഛ䚸ᶵᲔ䛾ື䛝䠅
7. ୙Ⰻရ䚸ᡭ┤䛧䛾䝮䝎
䐡୍ಶὶ䛧
〇㐀ᴗ䛷䛿䜎䛸䜑䛶స䜛᪉䛜ຠ⋡䛜Ⰻ䛔䛧䝁䝇䝖䜒ୗ䛢䜙
䜜䜛䛸ከ䛟䛾ே䛜ಙ䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾ᖖ㆑䛻཯䛧䛶䠈䛂୍ಶὶ䛧䛃
䛿୍ᣓ䛧䛶䜎䛸䜑䛶స䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈୍ಶ୍ಶస䜛䛾䛜኱஦
䛰䛸ᩍ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊୍ಶస䜚䠈䛭䛾ရ㉁䛻ၥ㢟䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢☜ㄆ䛧䠈
᏶ᡂ䛥䛫䛶䛛䜙䠈ḟ䛾䜒䛾䛻䛸䜚䛛䛛䜛䠊䛣䜜䛜୍ಶὶ䛧䛾⪃
䛘᪉䛷䛒䜛䠊୍ಶ䛾᏶ᡂ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛶䛛䜙ḟ䛾䜒䛾䛻䛸䜚䛛䛛
䜛䠈䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䛿䠈䛒䜛ព࿡䛷䛿ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈䛣
䛾ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾⪃䛘᪉䛸〇㐀ᴗ䛾ᖖ㆑䛸䛿┦ᐜ䜜䛺䛔㒊ศ䛜
䛒䜛䠊஫䛔䛻཯䛩䜛ሙྜ䠈〇㐀ᴗ䛾ᖖ㆑䛻ᚑ䛖䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈
ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾⪃䛘᪉䜢ඃඛ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ồ䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊
䜎䛸䜑䛶స䜛䛸䛹䛖䛧䛶䜒୙Ⰻရ䛜ΰ䛨䛳䛶䛧䜎䛖䠊䛭䜜䛻ᑐ
䛧䠈୍ಶ䛾᏶ᡂ䜢ಶ䚻䛻☜ㄆ䛧䛶䛛䜙ḟ䛾䜒䛾䛻䛸䜚䛛䛛䜜
䜀䠈୙Ⰻရ䛜ΰ䛨䜛䛣䛸䛿䛺䛔䠊୍ಶὶ䛧䛿ရ㉁䜢Ⰻ䛟䛩䜛
ཎⅬ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊᏶ᡂ㌴䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾㒊ရ䜢୍ಶ
ὶ䛧䛾⪃䛘᪉䛷⏕⏘䛩䜛䛾䛜䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛷䛒䜛䠊
䜹䜲䝊䞁䛿᪥ᮏㄒ䛷䛒䜚䛺䛜䜙䠈ୡ⏺䛻㏻⏝䛩䜛ゝⴥ䛻䛺
䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊᪥ᮏே䛻䛸䛳䛶ᨵၿ䛿ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䛷䠈ྲྀ䜚❧䛶
䛶᪂䛧䛔䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊᪥ᮏ䛾〇㐀ᴗ䛷䛿䠈ከ䛟䛾௻ᴗ䛷
QC(Quality Control)䝃䞊䜽䝹䛜⤖ᡂ䛥䜜ရ㉁ᨵၿ䛻ྲྀ䜚
⤌䜣䛷䛝䛯䠊
䜹䜲䝊䞁䛿ⱥㄒ䛷䛿 Continuous Improvement 䛷䠈Ḣ
⡿ே䛻䛿䛺䛛䛺䛛䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䜹䜲䝊䞁䛾㔜せ
ᛶ䛿⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜛䛾䛰䛜䠈䛭䜜䜢⥅⥆ⓗ䛻ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛛
䛺䛛䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊౛䛘䜀䠈ITIL®1 version 3 䛷䛿 IT 䝃䞊䝡䝇䞉
䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾▱ぢ䛜 5 ศ෉䛻ศ䛛䜜䛶䜎䛸䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈
䛭䛾䛖䛱䛾 1 ෉䛜䜹䜲䝊䞁䛻඘䛶䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[5]䠊䜟䛦䜟䛦⊂
❧䛧䛯 1 ෉䛻䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔⛬䠈㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛸ྠ᫬䛻䠈
ព㆑ႏ㉳䛧䛺䛔䛸ᐃ╔䛧䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᨵၿ䛿䛂ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛃䛻䜘䜚㐩ᡂ䛥䜜䜛䛾䛿஦ᐇ䛷䛒䜛䠊኱
Ꮫ䛷䛿䠈Ꮫ⏕䛻ㄢ㢟ゎỴຊ䜢㌟䛻௜䛡䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ᩍ⫱䛾
䜂䛸䛴䛾┠ᶆ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊☜䛛䛻䠈ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛿኱஦䛷䛿䛒
䜛䛾䛰䛜䠈䝖䝶䝍䛷䛾䜹䜲䝊䞁䛿ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䜢᭱㔜せ䛸䛿఩⨨
䛵䛡䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊
ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛾๓䛻䜔䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䝖䝶䝍䛷䛿䜹䜲䝊
䞁䜢᥎㐍䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛂䛺䛬䛺䛬 5 ᅇ䛃䛸䛂ぢ䛘䜛໬䛃䛜᥎ዡ䛥
䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
䝖䝶䝍䛾䜹䜲䝊䞁䛿኱䛝䛟ḟ䛾 2 䛴䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛛䜙䛺䜛䠊
1. ㄢ㢟䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛧䛶䛔䜛᰿ᮏཎᅉ䠄ᮏ㉁ⓗ䛺ㄢ㢟䠅䛾
≉ᐃ
2. ᮏ㉁ⓗ䛺ㄢ㢟䛾ゎỴ
䛂䛺䛬䛺䛬 5 ᅇ䛃䛸䛂ぢ䛘䜛໬䛃䛿ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈᰿ᮏཎ
ᅉ䜢≉ᐃ䛾䛯䜑䛻⾜䛖సᴗ䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛺䛬䛺䛬 5 ᅇ䛿䠈ㄢ㢟䛾ཎᅉ䛜ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛯䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䜒䠈䜒
䛖୍ᗘ䛂䛺䛬䠛䛃䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧䠈ᮏᙜ䛻䛭䜜䛜ᮏ㉁ⓗཎᅉ䛺䛾
䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢⪃䛘⥆䛡䜛ែᗘ䜢ᣦ䛩䠊⤒㦂ⓗ䛻䛂䛺䛬䠛䛃䜢 2 ᅇ
䜔 3 ᅇ⧞䜚㏉䛧䛯䛟䜙䛔䛷䛿ᮏ㉁ⓗཎᅉ䛻⾜䛝╔䛔䛶䛔䛺䛔
䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛰䛛䜙䠈5 ᅇ⧞䜚㏉䛩䛣䛸䜢ồ䜑䛶䛔䜛䛾
䛷䛒䜛䠊ㄢ㢟䛜ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛯䜙䛩䛠䛻䛭䜜䜢ゎỴ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛䛾
䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䛭䛾๓䛻䠈ㄢ㢟䛾ᮏ㉁ⓗཎᅉ䜢㏣ཬ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾᪉
䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛸ᩍ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᮏ㉁ⓗཎᅉ䜢㏣ཬ䛩䜛䛾䛿ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛䠊䛧䛛
䛧䠈ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛜኱஦䛰䛸ᛮ䛔㎸䜣䛷䛔䜛ே䛿䠈ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛻
┠䛜⾜䛝䠈䛧䜀䛧䜀ㄢ㢟䛾ᮏ㉁ⓗཎᅉ䜢㏣ཬ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛧䛺䛔䠊
ᮏ㉁ⓗཎᅉ䜢㏣ཬ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䜢䛝䛱䜣䛸䛧䛺䛥
䛔䠈䛸䛔䛖ᡄ䜑䛜䛂䛺䛬䛺䛬 5 ᅇ䛃䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛂ぢ䛘䜛໬䛃䛿䠈ඖ䚻䛿䝖䝶䝍⏝ㄒ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䠈᭱㏆䛷䛿୍
⯡⏝ㄒ໬䛧䛶䠈ㄡ䛷䜒౑䛖䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊୍⯡⏝ㄒ䛸䛧䛶䛾
䛂ぢ䛘䜛໬䛃䛾ព࿡䛿䠈▱䜚䛯䛔ே䛜᝟ሗ䜢ධᡭ䛷䛝䜛䛸䛛䠈
▱䜛䜉䛝ே䛻▱䜙䛫䜛䛸䛛䠈᝟ሗඹ᭷䛾䝙䝳䜰䞁䝇䜢ᣦ䛩䛣䛸
䛜ከ䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈䝖䝶䝍䛾䛂ぢ䛘䜛໬䛃䛾ព࿡䛿䠈䛭䛖䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈
ㄡ䛜ぢ䛶䜒ၥ㢟䛾ᮏ㉁䛜ఱ䛷䛒䜛䛛䜢䜟䛛䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛 䛣䛸
䛷䛒䜛䠊䛂ㄡ䛜ぢ䛶䜒䡚䜟䛛䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖㒊ศ䛜኱஦䛷䠈䛣䜜䛜
䛂ぢ䛘䜛໬䛃䛷䛒䜛䠊ఱ䜢ぢ䛘䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛛䛸ゝ䛖䛸䠈ၥ㢟䛾
ᮏ㉁䛷䛒䜛䠊
䝖䝶䝍䛷䛿䠈ㄢ㢟䛾ᮏ㉁䛜ぢ䛘䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜜䜀䠈ㄢ㢟䛾
80%䛿ゎỴ䛧䛯䛸⪃䛘䜛ᩥ໬䛜䛒䜛䠊ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛿ṧ䜚䛾 20%
䛾సᴗ䛻㐣䛞䛺䛔䠊ぢ䛘䜛໬䛜䛷䛝䜜䜀䠈ㄡ䜒䛜ㄢ㢟䛾ᮏ㉁
䜢⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䠈ከ䛟䛾ே䛜ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛾䜰䜲䝕
䜰䜢ฟ䛫䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䠊
ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛿ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛰䛡䛜⾜䛖௙஦䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊ㄡ䛜䜔䛳䛶
䜒䛔䛔䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊⤌⧊䛾ቨ䜔௙஦䛾⦖ᙇ䜚䠈ᙺ⫋䠈㌟ศ䛻䛸
䜙䜟䜜䛪䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾♫ဨ䛜䜰䜲䝕䜰䜢ฟ䛧ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛔䛔䛾
䛷䛒䜛䠊Ⰻ䛔䜰䜲䝕䜰䜢ฟ䛧䛯♫ဨ䜢ሗ䛔䜛ไᗘ䜒䛝䛱䜣䛸
䐢䜹䜲䝊䞁
1
䐠䛚ᐈᵝ➨୍୺⩏
௒䛷䛿䛂䛚ᐈᵝ➨୍୺⩏䛃䛿䛹䛾⏘ᴗ䛷䜒ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛻䛺䛳
䛶䛝䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈୍᫇๓䛾〇㐀ᴗ䛷䛿䠈ᚲ䛪䛧䜒㔜せ䛺䛣䛸䛸
䛿ᛮ䜟䜜䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊〇㐀ᴗ䛿䜒䛾䜢స䜛䜎䛷䛜௙஦䛷䛒
䜚䠈䛚ᐈᵝ䛜䛭䜜䜢㈙䛖䛛䛹䛖䛛䛿〇㐀ᴗ䛾⠊␪እ䛸⪃䛘䜛
ே䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䠊䝖䝶䝍䛿᫇䛛䜙䛚ᐈᵝ➨୍୺⩏䜢ၐ䛘䠈䛚ᐈ
ᵝ䛜せᮃ䛧䛯䜒䛾䜢స䜛䛸䛔䛖ጼໃ䜢䛸䜚⥆䛡䛯䠊
䛚ᐈᵝせᮃ䛜㉳Ⅼ䛻䛒䜚䠈䛭䜜䛜〇㐀ᕤ⛬䜢㏫᪉ྥ䛻ఏ
᧛䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䛷䛒䜛䠊〇㐀ᴗ䛷䛿ᕤ⛬䛿䛔䛟䛴䜒㐃䛺
䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊୍⯡ⓗ䛺⪃䛘᪉䛿䠈๓ᕤ⛬䛜⤊䜟䛳䛯䛛䜙ᚋᕤ⛬
䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖 Push 䛾⪃䛘᪉䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䠈䛚ᐈᵝ
➨୍୺⩏䛛䜙᮶䜛䝖䝶䝍䛾⪃䛘᪉䛿䠈ᚋᕤ⛬䛜ᚲせ䛸䛧䛶䛔
䜛䛛䜙๓ᕤ⛬䜢⾜䛖䛸䛔䛖 Pull 䛾⪃䛘᪉䛷䛒䜛䠊䛂ᚋᕤ⛬䛿
䛚ᐈᵝ䛃䛸䛔䛖䜻䞊䝽䞊䝗䛸ඹ䛻 Pull ⏕⏘䜢ᑟධ䛧䛯䠊
〇㐀ᴗ䛿 Push 䛰䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䜛ே䛜ከ䛔୰䛷䠈〇㐀ᴗ䛻
Pull 䜢ᑟධ䛧䛯䛾䛿⏬ᮇⓗ䛺䛣䛸䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊Push 䛰䛸๓ᕤ
⛬䛸ᚋᕤ⛬䛾㛫䛻䝞䝑䝣䜯䠄಴ᗜ䠅䛜ᚲせ䛻䛺䜚䠈䛹䛖䛧䛶䜒ᅾ
ᗜ䛜䛷䛝䛶䛧䜎䛖䠊Pull 䛰䛸಴ᗜ䛜୙せ䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷 Lean 䛻
䛺䜛䠊䛂䝸䞊䞁⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛃䛿䠈〇㐀ᴗ䛻 Pull ⏕⏘䜢ᑟධ䛧䛯
⤖ᯝ㐩ᡂ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
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132
戸沢義夫
ᩚഛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
䜹䜲䝊䞁䛿Ẽ௜䛔䛯ே䛿ㄡ䛜䜔䛳䛶䜒Ⰻ䛔䛧䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾♫
ဨ䛻䜹䜲䝊䞁䜈䛾㈉⊩䛜ዡບ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾Ⅼ䛜Ḣ⡿䛾䜹
䝹䝏䝱䞊䛸䛾㐪䛔䛷䛒䜛䠊Ḣ⡿௻ᴗ䛷䛿䠈ྛே䛾௙஦䛜⫋
ົグ㏙᭩䠄ᩥ᭩䠅䛸䛧䛶᫂☜䛻つᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䛣䛻᭩䛛䜜
䛶䛔䜛௨እ䛾௙஦䜢⾜䛖⩏ົ䜒䛺䛔䛧䠈䜔䛳䛶䜒ホ౯䛥䜜䛺
䛔䠊䛰䛛䜙ㄡ䛜䜔䛳䛶䜒䛔䛔䛡䛹⫋ົグ㏙᭩䛻䛿᭩䛛䜜䛶
䛔䛺䛔௙஦䛿ㄡ䜒䜔䜙䛺䛔䠊
୍᪉䠈䜹䜲䝊䞁䛿⩏ົ໬䛩䜉䛝䜒䛾䛷䜒䛺䛔䠊⫋ົグ㏙᭩
䛻᭩䛟䛸⩏ົ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䠊⩏ົ໬䛩䜛䛸䛭䜜䜢ホ౯䛧䛺
䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊㉁䛾ప䛔௙஦䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛㒊⨫䛺䜙䛯䛟䛥䜣
䛾䜹䜲䝊䞁䛿ྍ⬟䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䛜䠈㠀ᖖ䛻㉁䛾㧗䛔௙஦䜢䛧
䛶䛔䜛㒊⨫䛷䛿䜹䜲䝊䞁㡯┠䛿ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䜛䠊䜹䜲䝊䞁䜈䛾ྲྀ䜚
⤌䜏䛿䛂ホ౯䛃䛻䛺䛨䛺䛺䛔䠊
Ḣ⡿௻ᴗ䛻䜹䜲䝊䞁䛜䛺䛛䛺䛛᰿௜䛛䛺䛔䛾䛿䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺
Ḣ⡿䛾䜹䝹䝏䝱䞊䛻㉳ᅉ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊䜹䜲䝊䞁䜢ᐃ
╔䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯ᩥ໬ⓗ⫼ᬒ䜢ᣢ䛴᪥ᮏ䛿䠈䛣䛾Ⅼ䛰䛡
䜢ྲྀ䛳䛶䜏䛶䜒㄂䛳䛶䛔䛔䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䐣ᚋᕤ⛬䜈䜶䝷䞊䜢ὶ䛥䛺䛔
䜶䝷䞊䜢ὶ䛩䛾䛜ᝏ䛔䛾䛿ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛷䛒䜛䠊๓ᕤ⛬䛻䜶䝷
䞊䛜䛒䜛䛾䛻䠈䜶䝷䞊䜢ྵ䜣䛰䜎䜎ᚋᕤ⛬䛻Ώ䛧䛶䛿䛔䛡䛺
䛔䠊๓ᕤ⛬䛿䜶䝷䞊䛜䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯ୖ䛷ᚋᕤ⛬䛻Ώ䛥
䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊䛣䛣䜎䛷⪺䛟䛸ᙜ↛䛸ᛮ䛖䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䛜䠈
䛣䜜䛿ᐇ䛿㠀ᖖ䛻㞴䛧䛔䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
๓๓ᕤ⛬䊻๓ᕤ⛬䊻ᚋᕤ⛬䛾㡰ᗎ䛷ᕤ⛬䛜㐃䛺䛳䛶䛔
䜛䛸䛩䜛䠊
๓ᕤ⛬䛿๓๓ᕤ⛬䛛䜙Ώ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䜢ᘬ䛝⥅䛔䛷䛔䜛䠊ᘬ
䛝⥅䛔䛰䜒䛾䜢ྵ䜑䛶ᚋᕤ⛬䛻Ώ䛩䛾䛰䛜䠈๓๓ᕤ⛬䛛䜙
ᘬ䛝⥅䛔䛰䜒䛾䛾୰䛻䜶䝷䞊䛜䛒䛳䛯䜙䛹䛖䛺䜛䛰䜝䛖䛛䠊๓
ᕤ⛬䛿๓๓ᕤ⛬䛛䜙ᘬ䛝⥅䛔䛰䜒䛾䛾୰䛻䜶䝷䞊䛜䛺䛔䛣䛸
䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛㈐௵䛜䛒䜚䠈䜶䝷䞊䛜ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛯䜙䛭䜜䜢ṇ䛩䛯
䜑䛾䜰䜽䝅䝵䞁䜢䛸䜛䜉䛝䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䜜䜢䛫䛪䛻ᚋᕤ⛬䛻๓๓
ᕤ⛬䛛䜙ᘬ䛝⥅䛔䛰䜒䛾䜢䛭䛾䜎䜎䠄୸ᢞ䛢䛧䛶䠅ᚋᕤ⛬䛻
ὶ䛩䛾䛿Ⰻ䛟䛺䛔䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᚋᕤ⛬䛻Ώ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛾୰䛻䜶䝷䞊䛜䛒䜛䛸䠈䛭䜜䛿๓ᕤ⛬
䛾㈐௵䛸䛥䜜䜛䠊䜶䝷䞊䛜๓๓ᕤ⛬䛛䜙ᘬ䛝⥅䛔䛰䜒䛾䛾୰
䛻䛒䜚䠈๓ᕤ⛬䛜䜶䝷䞊䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥䛫䛶䛔䛺䛔䛸䛧䛶䜒䠈ᘬ䛝⥅
䛔䛰䜒䛾䛾୰䛻䛒䜛䜶䝷䞊䛻Ẽ௜䛛䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜ᝏ䛔䛸䛥
䜜䜛䠊ᚋᕤ⛬䛻䜶䝷䞊䜢ὶ䛧䛯䜙䠈䜶䝷䞊䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥䛫䛯ே䛸䛿
ู䛻䠈䜶䝷䞊䜢ὶ䛧䛯ே䜒ᝏ䛔䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䜶䝷䞊䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥䛫䛶䛔䛺䛔䛾䛻䜶䝷䞊䜢ὶ䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜ᝏ䛟䠈
㈐௵䛜䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䛿䠈᝟ሗ໬䛜㐍䜣䛰⌧ᅾ䛷䛿ཷ䛡
ᐜ䜜䛺䛔ே䛜ከ䛔䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸ᛮ䛖䠊⚾䛿༢䛻୰⥅䛧䛯䛰
䛡䛷䠈䜶䝷䞊䛾Ⓨ⏕䛻㛵䜟䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䛛䜙䠈⚾䛻䛿㈐௵䛿䛺
䛔䠈䛸ゝ䛔ヂ䛩䜛ே䛿ከ䛔䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䠊
౛䛘䜀䠈䝯䞊䝹䛻ῧ௜䝣䜯䜲䝹䛜䛒䜚䠈ῧ௜䝣䜯䜲䝹䛾୰㌟
䛻䜶䝷䞊䛜䛒䜛ሙྜ䜢⪃䛘䛶䜏䜛䠊ῧ௜䝣䜯䜲䝹䜢㒊ୗ䜔ྠ
൉䛻㌿㏦䛧䛯䜙䛹䛖䛺䜛䛰䜝䛖䛛䠊᝟ሗ୰⥅⪅䛸䛧䛶䛿㒊ୗ䜔
ྠ൉䛻䛝䛱䜣䛸㌿㏦䛧䛯䛾䛰䛛䜙ᙺ๭䜢ᯝ䛯䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ῧ௜
䝣䜯䜲䝹䛿⮬ศ䛾సᡂ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䜙䠈䛭䜜䛻ᑐ䛩䜛
㈐௵䛿䛺䛔䠊㌿㏦䛧䛯ῧ௜䝣䜯䜲䝹䛻䜶䝷䞊䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸䛧䛶䜒䠈
䛭䜜䛿⚾䛾㈐௵䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊ῧ௜䝣䜯䜲䝹䜢సᡂ䛧䛯ே䛾㈐
௵䛰䠊䛣䛖⪃䛘䜛ே䛿ከ䛔䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛰䜝䛖䛛䠊
䝖䝶䝍䛷䛿䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⪃䛘᪉䜢ྰᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜶䝷䞊䜢ὶ䛧
䛯䜙ὶ䛧䛯ே䛜ᝏ䛔䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊ῧ௜䝣䜯䜲䝹䜢㌿㏦䛧䛯ே䛾
㈐௵䛜ၥ䜟䜜䜛䛾䛜䝖䝶䝍䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿ୡ㛫䛾ᖖ㆑䛸䛿㐪
䛳䛶䛔䛖㒊ศ䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊
䛣䛣䛷䛿ㄝ᫂䛧䛺䛔䛜䠈ᚋᕤ⛬䛻䜶䝷䞊䜢ὶ䛥䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖
⪃䛘᪉䛿䝖䝶䝍䛾䛂⮬ാ໬䠄⮬ື䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ே೫䛾⮬ാ䠅䛃䛻⏤
᮶䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᚋᕤ⛬䛻䜶䝷䞊䜢ὶ䛥䛺䛔䛾䛿ရ㉁䛻㈉⊩䛧䛶
䛔䜛䠊䜶䝷䞊䛜ΰධ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢ぢ䜛┠䛜ከ䛟䛺䜛䛛䜙
䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛾䛣䛸䛾✚䜏㔜䛽䛺䛾䛰䛜䠈䛺䛛䛺䛛ᐇ㊶䛷䛝䜛
䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䛭䜜䜢䛝䛱䜣䛸ᚭᗏ䛧䛶䜔䜛䜘䛖䛻௻ᴗᩥ໬
䛻⤌䜏㎸䜣䛰䛾䛜䝖䝶䝍䛷䛒䜚䠈⤖ᯝⓗ䛻⏬ᮇⓗ䛺⏕⏘᪉ᘧ
䛸ㄆ▱䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
5. 䛚䜟䜚䛻
᪥ᮏ䛻䛔䜛䛸ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛷䠈ㄡ䜒䛜䛭䛾䜘䛖䛻⪃䛘䛯䜚⾜ື䛧
䛯䜚䛩䜛䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䠈ᗈ䛟ୡ⏺䛛䜙ぢ䜛䛸䛭䛖䛷䛺䛔䛣
䛸䛜䛔䛟䛴䛛䛒䜛䠊ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䛾㝿䛻ᭀື䜔␎ዣ䛜㉳䛣䜙
䛪ᩚ↛䛸⅏ᐖ䛻ྥ䛝ྜ䛔ᑐฎ䛧䛯䛾䛿ୡ⏺䛛䜙㦫䛝䛾┠䛷
⛠㈶䛥䜜䛯䠊ྠ䛨䛣䛸䛿⣙ 90 ᖺ๓䛾㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䛾㝿䛻䜒ᾏ
እ䝯䝕䜱䜰䛜ሗ䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊
᪥ᮏ䛾ᖖ㆑䛿ୡ⏺䛾㠀ᖖ㆑䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈ୡ⏺
䛾ᖖ㆑䛜Ⰻ䛔䛣䛸䛷ṇ䛧䛔䛸䛿㝈䜙䛺䛔䠊᪥ᮏ䛾ᖖ㆑䛾୰䛻
䛿ୡ⏺䛜┿ఝ䛧䛯䛟䛶䜒┿ఝ䛷䛝䛺䛔䜒䛾䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䜜䜙䛿
᪥ᮏᩥ໬䛻᰿௜䛔䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛜ከ䛔䠊᪥ᮏே䛻䛸䛳䛶ᙜ䛯䜚
๓䛸ᛮ䛖䛣䛸䜢✚䜏㔜䛽䜛䛸䠈⤖ᯝⓗ䛻䛿ୡ⏺䜢㦫Ⴣ䛥䛫䜛䜒
䛾䛜⏕䜎䜜䛶䛟䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䜢᪥ᮏ䛿㄂䜚䛻ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䛔䛾䛷䛒
䜛䠊
ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ពᚿỴᐃ䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛜䝪䝖䝮䜰䝑䝥䛷䛒
䜛䛣䛸䛸䠈䝖䝶䝍⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䜢⏕䜏ฟ䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯᪥ᮏⓗ⫼ᬒ
䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䛯䠊ㄡ䛛୍ே䛾ኳᡯ䛻䜘䜛䜰䜲䝕䜰䛷ᡂຌ䛩
䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈♫఍䛾䛩䜉䛶䛾ே䛜ᙜ䛯䜚๓䛰䛸ᛮ䛖䛣䛸䜢✚
䜏㔜䛽䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛ᩥ໬䛜᪥ᮏ䜢ᕪู໬䛩䜛せ⣲䛻䛺䛳䛶
䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿᪥ᮏ䛜㄂䛳䛶䛔䛔䛣䛸䛰䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢䠈ከ䛟䛾
᪥ᮏே䛜ㄆ㆑䛧䛶䜒䜙䛔䛯䛔䛸ᛮ䛖䠊
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
➉ᮧ೺୍䠈䇾᪥ᮏ䛾ᖖ㆑䚸ୡ⏺䛾㠀ᖖ㆑䠈䇿 ᗁ෤⯋䠈2005
∾㔝ὒ䠈䇾୙ᛮ㆟䛾ᅜ䛾 M&A䇷ୡ⏺䛾ᖖ㆑ ᪥ᮏ䛾㠀ᖖ
㆑䠈䇿 ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺♫䠈2007
㧗ᶫ⣧䠈䇾䛂㯮䛃䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ᖖ㆑䚸ୡ⏺䛾㠀ᖖ㆑ (ᑠᏛ㤋 101 ᪂
᭩)䠈䇿 ᑠᏛ㤋䠈2011
䝆䜵䞊䝮䝈䞉P䞉䜴䜷䝬䝑䜽䠈䝎䝙䜶䝹䞉䝹䞊䝇䠈䝎䝙䜶䝹䞉T䞉䝆䝵
䞊䝈䠄ἑ⏣༤ ヂ䠅䠈䇾䝸䞊䞁⏕⏘᪉ᘧ䛜ୡ⏺䛾⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗ䜢
䛣䛖ኚ䛘䜛䠈䇿 ⤒῭⏺䠈1990
UK Cabinet Office䠈䇾ITIL® 2011 Edition : Continual
Service Improvement 䠄⥅⥆ⓗ䝃䞊䝡䝇ᨵၿ䠅 TSO (The
Stationery Office)䠈2011䠄⩻ヂ䛿 2013 ணᐃ䠅
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.133－136 （2012） 〔総説〕
⮬ື㌴䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸タィ㛤Ⓨ䛻䛚䛡䜛ឤᛶ౯್
ᑠ㻌 ᒣ㻌 㻌 Ⓩ*
Kansei Value in an Automobile Design
Noboru Koyama*
Abstract
There are three important aspects to the way in which people perceive automobiles, as products.
1. The car is a high-priced consumer item and the decision to purchase a car is influenced by a person’s
preferences. Products influenced by preference means that people tend not to buy the exact same
product twice. 2. The new car becomes an extension of the self. Once bought for its image, it must be
able to satisfy that image of him or herself that the driver sees reflected in it. More than a mode of
transportation, the new car is an extension of the driver’s personality. 3. The automobile exists in most
markets as a mature product. Any mass-manufactured product passes through three stage of growth:
introduction, popularization and maturity. The needs and demands of the marketplace in the second
stage, when a type of item becomes a truly mass product, are much less demanding than those in the
third stage. In these three aspects, it is very important to think about Kansei Value for designing of
automobile.
Keywords: Kansei Value, Affective Engineering, Service Design, Brand Design, User Experience
Design
1.
䛿䛨䜑䛻
⮬ື㌴䛾ၟရ≉ᛶ䜢䠈䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸䛔䛖❧ሙ䛛䜙䛸䜙䛘䛶䜏
䜛䛸䠈௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛻 3 䛴䛾≉ᚩ䛜䛒䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊[13]
୍䛴┠䛿䛂㧗㢠䞉Ⴔዲၟရ䛃䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿䠈
㈙䛔᭰䛘䜛㝿䠈෌ᗘྠ䛨䜒䛾䜢㈙䛚䛖䛸䛧䛯䛜䜙䛺䛔ᒓᛶ䜢
ᣢ䛴ၟရ䛷䠈㉎㈙⾜ື䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈ಶே䛾ዲ䜏䜔䠈䝣䜯䝑䝅䝵䞁䠈
⤒῭ⓗ䛺ኚ໬䛺䛹䛻኱䛝䛟ᕥྑ䛥䜜䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ឤᛶ
౯್䛻኱䛝䛟ᙳ㡪䛥䜜䜛䠊
஧䛴┠䛿䛂ᨃே໬䛥䜜䜛ၟရ䛃䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䠊䝉䜽䝅䞊䛺
䝇䝍䜲䝹䛸䛛䜻䝳䞊䝖䛺㢦䛴䛝䠈䜾䝷䝬䝷䝇䛺䝪䝕䞊➼䛸ே㛫
䛻ᨃ䛘䛯ゝⴥ䛷⾲⌧䛥䜜䛯䜚䠈䛂㌴᱁䛃䛸ゝ䛳䛯ே᱁䛻┦ᙜ
䛩䜛䜘䛖䛺ゝⴥ䛩䜙౑䜟䜜䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䜒䠈⮬ື㌴䛾
䝕䝄䜲䞁䜔タィ䛿䠈ே㛫䛾ឤᛶ䛸ᐦ᥋䛻㛵䜟䛳䛶䛚䜚䠈஬ឤ
䛾䛩䜉䛶䛻ᙳ㡪䛜ཬ䜆䛸䛔䛳䛶䜒㐣ゝ䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯䠈௒䠈
ⱝ⪅䛾⮬ື㌴㞳䜜䛜ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛿䛔䜛䛜䠈䜎䛰ከ䛟䛾ᖺ௦䛻
䛚䛔䛶䠈⮬ື㌴䛿༢䛺䜛㍺㏦䞉⛣ື䛾㐨ල䛻䛸䛹䜎䜙䛪䠈⮬
ᕫ⾲⌧䛾ᑐ㇟䛷䛒䛳䛯䜚䠈ศ㌟䛸䛧䛶䛾Ꮡᅾ䛷䛒䛳䛯䜚䛩䜛䛣
䛸䜒䛒䜛䠊ὒ䛾ᮾす䜢ၥ䜟䛪䠈♫఍ⓗᆅ఩䛾㧗䛔ே䛯䛱䛿䛭
䜜䛻┦ᛂ䛧䛔㧗⣭㌴䛻஌䜛୍᪉䠈⮬ศ䛾ಶᛶ䜔䝷䜲䝣䝇䝍䜲
䝹䛻┦ᛂ䛧䛔䛸ᛮ䛘䜀䠈♫఍ⓗᆅ఩䛺䛹䛻㛵ಀ䛺䛟䠈䝇䝫䞊
䝒䜹䞊䜔ಶᛶⓗ䛺䜽䝹䝬䛻䜒஌䜛䠊⮬ศ⮬㌟䛾ឤᛶ౯್䛾
๰㐀䛸䜒䛔䛘䜛䠊
୕䛴┠䛿䛂ᡂ⇍䛧䛯ၟရ䛃䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䠊⌧௦䛾⮬ື㌴
䛿᭱ඛ➃䛾䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䜢㥑౑䛧䛯ᵝ䚻䛺〇ရ䜔㒊ရ䛾㞟
ྜయ䛷䛒䜚䠈㧗ᗘ䛻ᡂ⇍䛧䛯ၟရ䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䛿䠈ඛ㐍ᅜ
䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈ᡂ⇍ᮇ䛛䜙㣬࿴ᮇ䜢㏄䛘䛯ၟရ䛷䛒䜚䠈௻ᴗ䛿䠈
᪂䛯䛺㟂せ䜢ႏ㉳䛧䛶䠈〇ရ䛾ከᵝ໬䜔ಶᛶ໬䜢ᅗ䜛䛣䛸䛸
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
䛺䜛䠊䛣䛣䛷䜒䠈ᶵ⬟䜔ᛶ⬟䛾௚䛻䠈ឤᛶ౯್䛜኱ኚ㔜せ䛺
せ⣲䛻䛺䛳䛶䛟䜛䠊
ḟ䛻䠈ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛺ၟရ䛸䛧䛶䠈⮬ື㌴䛸䛔䛖〇ရ䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䛝䠈
䛭䛾㛵㐃䛩䜛ศ㔝䛾ᗈ䛥䛸ከᵝᛶ䜢䛴䛟䛵䛟ᐇឤ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜
䛒䜛䠊⮬ື㌴ᮏయ䛻౑䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛ᮦᩱ䜢ぢ䛶䜏䛶䜒䠈㗰ᯈ䛿
䜒䛸䜘䜚䠈䜰䝹䝭䝙䜴䝮➼䛾㠀㕲㔠ᒓ䠈ྛ✀䝥䝷䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽䠈䜺
䝷䝇䠈⣬䠈ᕸ䛺䛹ᵝ䚻䛒䜚䠈⿦╔䛥䜜䜛㒊ရ䜎䛷ྵ䜑䜛䛸䠈䝺䜰
䝯䝍䝹䛻⮳䜛䜎䛷䠈䛒䜚䛸䛒䜙䜖䜛ᮦᩱ䛜౑䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
⮬ື㌴ᮏయ䛻౑⏝䛥䜜䜛ᮦᩱ䛾✀㢮䛾ከ䛥䛻ຍ䛘䛶䠈⮬
ື㌴䛻⤌䜏㎸䜎䜜䜛〇ရ䜒ከ✀ከᵝ䛷䠈䛭䛾ᶵ⬟䜔ᛶ⬟䛺
䛹䛾䝺䝧䝹䜒㧗䛔䠊౛䛘䜀㌴㍕⏝䛾䜸䞊䝕䜱䜸䞉䝡䝕䜸ᶵჾ
䜔䜶䜰䝁䞁䛺䛹䜢ぢ䛶䜒䠈ᐙᗞ⏝䛸ẚ䜉䠈ᛶ⬟䛿ྠ➼௨ୖ䛷
䛒䜚䛺䛜䜙䜘䜚㍍㔞䞉䝁䞁䝟䜽䝖䛷䛒䜚䠈᭦䛻䛿㉮⾜୰䛾᣺ື
䜔ᒇእ䛷䛾ཝ䛧䛔Ẽೃ᮲௳ୗ䛻䛚䛡䜛⪏ஂᛶ䛺䛹䜢⪃៖䛩
䜛䛸䠈䜘䜚ሀ∼䛺䜒䛾䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻㉮⾜୰䛾☜ᐇ䛺᧯
స䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䛾䝴䞊䝄䞊䜲䞁䝍䞊䝣䜵䜲䝇䛻䜒ᕤኵ䛜จ䜙䛥
䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ᐙᗞ⏝䛾〇ရ䛸䛿୍⥺䜢⏬䛩䠊䜽䝹䝬䛾䝅䞊䝖䛻
䛧䛶䜒䠈䛯䛰༢䛺䜛ᙧ≧䜔ᗙ䜚ᚰᆅ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈㧗㏿㉮⾜䜔
ᝏ㊰㉮⾜᫬䛷䛾య䛾䝩䞊䝹䝗ᛶ䜔Ᏻ඲ᛶ䠈䛥䜙䛻䛿ᗫᲠ᫬
䛻䛚䛡䜛⎔ቃ㈇Ⲵ䛾పῶ䛺䛹䛻䜒඘ศ⪃៖䛧䛯タィ䛻䛺䛳
䛶䛔䛶䠈ᐙᗞ䛷౑⏝䛥䜜䜛ᐙල䛸䛧䛶䛾᳔Ꮚ䛸䛿␗䛺䜛≉ᛶ
䜔ᶵ⬟䛜せồ䛥䜜䜛䠊
2.
⮬ື㌴䛻䛚䛡䜛ឤᛶᕤᏛ
2.1. ே䚻䛜⮬ື㌴䛻ồ䜑䜛䜒䛾
⌧௦䛾㇏䛛䛺᫬௦䛻䛿䝢䞁䛸䛣䛺䛔ே䜒ከ䛔䛛䜒▱䜜䛺䛔
134
小山登
䛜䠈㣗䛖䜔㣗䜟䛪䛾᫬௦䛻䛿䠈ே䚻䛿⭡୍ᮼ㣗䜉䜛䛣䛸䜢ክ
䜏䛶䛔䛯䠊✵⭡䛜‶䛯䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛䛸䠈ே䚻䛿㣗䜉≀䛾
㉁䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈⨾࿡䛧䛔䜒䛾䜢ồ䜑䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛳䛯䠊䛭
䛧䛶䠈䛣䛾㉁䜢ồ䜑䜛᫬௦䛾ḟ䛻฿᮶䛧䛯䛾䛜ឤᛶ䛾᫬௦䛸
ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊⨾࿡䛧䛔㣗䜉≀䜢ồ䜑䜛䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈ჾ䛻䛣
䛰䜟䛳䛯䜚䠈㣗஦䜢䛩䜛᫬㛫䜔ሙᡤ䠈㣗஦䜢䛸䜒䛻䛩䜛ே㐩䠈
㣗஦䛸䛔䛖⾜Ⅽ඲య䛻㛵䜟䜛⤒㦂䛻䜎䛷䠈ᛮ䛔䜢ᕠ䜙䛩䠊
⮬ື㌴䛷䛔䛖䛸䠈┠ⓗᆅ䜎䛷ே䜔Ⲵ≀䜢㐠䜆䛸䛔䛖᰿※ⓗ
䛺┠ⓗ䜢ᯝ䛯䛩䜽䝹䝬䛵䛟䜚䛾᫬௦䛛䜙ጞ䜎䜚䠈䛂䜘䜚ᛌ㐺䛻䠈
䜘䜚᪩䛟䛃䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜚䠈䛥䜙䛻䠈⮬ᕫ⾲⌧
䛺䛹䜒ྵ䜐ឤᛶ䛻ッ䛘䜛䜽䝹䝬䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯
䛸ゝ䛘䜘䛖䠊䛣䛾ឤᛶ౯್䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛿ே䛭䜜䛮䜜䛷␗䛺䜛䜒
䛾䛷䠈〇ရ㛤Ⓨ䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛿䠈༢䛺䜛ᶵ⬟ⓗ䛺඘㊊䛛䜙䝴
䞊䝄䞊ಶ䚻䛾䛂⢭⚄ⓗ‶㊊䛃䜎䛷ᐇ⌧䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸
䛔䛖䠈䜘䜚㧗ᗘ䛺㛤Ⓨ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛᫬௦䛻䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣
䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈䛭䛾௦⾲ⓗ䛺〇ရ䛷䛒䜛䝺䜽䝃䝇䛾㛤Ⓨ䜢౛䛻
ྲྀ䜚䛒䛢䛺䛜䜙䠈ឤᛶ㇏䛛䛺䝕䝄䜲䞁䜔ឤᛶ౯್䛾タィ䛺䛹
䜢ゎㄝ䛧䛶䛔䛝䛯䛔䠊
2.2. 䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸ឤᛶᕤᏛ
䝺䜽䝃䝇䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䛾䝥䝺䝭䜰䝮䝤䝷䞁䝗䛸䛧䛶䛾⊂⮬ᛶ䜢䛂L
– finesse 䛃 䛸 䛔 䛖 ゝ ⴥ 䛷 ᐃ ⩏ 䛧 䛯 䝤 䝷 䞁 䝗 䛷 䛒 䜛 䠊 L 䛿
Leading-Edge䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱ඛ㗦䠊Finesse 䛿ே㛫䛾ឤᛶ䛸䛛
ᕦ䜏䠈⢭ጁ䛸䛔䛳䛯ព࿡䠊䛣䜜䜙䜢᫂☜䛺䝕䝄䜲䞁䝣䜱䝻䝋䝣
䜱䛸䛧䛶఩⨨䛵䛡ၟရ໬䛜ጞ䜎䛳䛯䠊
䛚䛡䜛Ᏻᚰឤ䛜䜎䜛䛷㐪䛖䛸䛔䛖䠊䜽䝹䝬䛾ᐊෆ✵㛫䛸䛔䛖䛾
䛿䠈༢䛻ᗈ䛡䜜䜀䜘䛔䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊㐠㌿ᖍ䛾୧䝃䜲
䝗䛜ᗈ䛟㛤䛔䛶䛔䜛䛸䛛䛘䛳䛶୙Ᏻ䛻䛺䜛䜙䛧䛟䠈⛬䜘䛟䠈ඃ䛧
䛟ໟ䜏㎸䜐ᕤኵ䛜ᚲせ䛸䛔䛖䠊䠄ᅗ 2 ཧ↷䠅
ᅗ 2 䛝䜑⣽䛛䛺ᚰ䛵䛛䛔䛾ឤᛶ䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾౛
䝺䜽䝃䝇䛾ᐊෆ䝕䝄䜲䞁ᢸᙜ䛾䝏䞊䝣䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊䛿䛣䛖㏙
䜉䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂ෆ⿦䝕䝄䜲䞁䛻䛚䛡䜛✲ᴟ䛾䛚䜒䛶䛺䛧䛸䛿䠈ᮏ
᮶䛺䜙㝈䜚䛒䜛✵㛫䛾୰䛻䠈㝈䜚䛺䛔✵㛫䜢ឤ䛨䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䠈
䛭䛧䛶䠈㧗㏿䛷⛣ື䛩䜛✵㛫䛷䛒䜛䛸ྠ᫬䛻䠈ே䛻䛸䛳䛶ᚰ
ᆅ䜘䛔✵㛫䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䛃䛸䠊
䜎䛯䠈ឤᛶ䜢ព㆑䛧䛯⣽䛛䛺ゐឤ䛻䜒ᚰ䜢㓄䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊୍
䛴䛾౛䛜䝇䝔䜰䝸䞁䜾䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏ᮶䛷䛒䜜䜀୸䛔
䛰䛡䛾᩿㠃䛻ኚ໬䜢䛴䛡䠈䝗䝷䜲䝞䞊䛾ᡭ䛻䜄䛳䛯䜚䛾ឤぬ
䜢୚䛘䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈䝇䝔䜰䝸䞁䜾䜢ᥱ䜛 10 ᫬ 10 ศ䛾఩⨨䛻ぶᣦ
䛜཰䜎䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈䜟䛪䛛䛺ᖹ㠃䜢᪋䛧䛶䛒䜛䛾䜒ឤᛶ䝕䝄䜲䞁
䛸ゝ䛳䛶䜘䛔䠊䛥䜙䛻䛿Ḣᕞ䛾➇ྜ㌴䛾㠉䛜䝗䝷䜲䛺㉁ឤ䛷
䛒䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䛂䛧䛳䛸䜚ឤ䛃䜢ᡴ䛱ฟ䛧䛯䛾䜒䛚䜒䛶䛺䛧䛾ᚰ䛸
ゝ䛘䜛䠊䛭䛾௚䠈ᣦඛ䛾⧄⣽䛺䝣䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾䛻ᛂ䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈
స䜚㎸䜎䜜䛯䝇䜲䝑䝏㢮䛺䛹䛻䜒ゐぬ䜈䛾Ẽ㓄䜚䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶
䛔䜛䠊䠄ᅗ 3 ཧ↷䠅
2.2.1. ឤᛶ㇏䛛䛺䜶䜽䝇䝔䝸䜰䝕䝄䜲䞁
䝺䜽䝃䝇䛾䝗䜰᩿㠃䛿䠈୍ぢ䝅䞁䝥䝹䛻ぢ䛘䜛䛜䠈ᐇ䛿 10
✀㢮䛟䜙䛔䛾㑅䜚䛩䛠䜙䜜䛯䜹䞊䝤䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖䠊
䝅䞁䝥䝹䛥䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛿䠈Ỵ䛧䛶༢⣧䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䜔せ⣲䜢ῶ䜙
䛩䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ィ⟬䛧ᑾ䛟䛧䛶⾲⌧䛷䛝䜛䝅䞁䝥䝹䛺䝯䝑䝉
䞊䝆䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈⌧⾜䝺䜽䝃
䝇 LS 䛾䝣䝻䞁䝖䝣䜵䞁䝎䞊ୖ㒊䛾ሢឤ䛾䛒䜛ゅᙇ䛳䛯ᙧ≧
䛜䠈ୗ㒊䛾ᙇ䜚䛾䛒䜛❧య䛸┦䜎䛳䛶䠈䝸䜰䝣䜵䞁䝎䞊䛻ὶ䜜
䛶䜖䛝䠈2 䛴䛾❧య䛜䝸䜰䝣䜵䞁䝎䞊䛷୍య໬䛩䜛ᵓᡂ䛿䠈
䝣䝻䞁䝖䛷ฆ䛸䛧䛯⾲᝟䜢ᣢ䛱䠈䛭䜜䛜䝸䜰䛷䜶䝰䞊䝅䝵䝘䝹
䛺༳㇟䛻ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢≺䛳䛯䝕䝄䜲䞁䠄ᅗ䠍ཧ↷䠅䛷䠈䜎䛥
䛻◊䛞⃈䜎䛥䜜䛯ឤᛶ䝕䝄䜲䞁䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊
ᅗ 1 ◊䛞⃈䜎䛥䜜䛯ឤᛶ䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾౛
2.2.2. ឤᛶ㡿ᇦ䛾Ᏻᚰឤ䛾䛒䜛䜲䞁䝔䝸䜰䝕䝄䜲䞁
⌧⾜䝺䜽䝃䝇 LS 䛾ᐊෆ䛿䠈䛂ᚰᆅⰋ䛔䜲䞁䝔䝸䜰䛃䛜䝔䞊
䝬䛷䠈䛝䜑⣽䛛䛺ᚰ䛵䛛䛔䛾ឤᛶ䝕䝄䜲䞁䛜┠䜢ᘬ䛟䠊ᐊෆ
䛻ධ䜚㎸䜏䝗䜰䜢㛢䜑䜛䛸䠈ே䛾䝅䝹䜶䝑䝖䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯䝗䜰䛾
ෆഃ䛾ᰂ䜙䛛䛔䝟䝑䝗䛜㌟䜢ໟ䜣䛷䛟䜜䜛䜘䛖䛺ឤぬ䛜⏕䛨䜛䠊
䛣䛾䠈䛭䛳䛸⭎䛻ゐ䜜䜛㒊ศ䛜䛒䜛䛾䛸䛺䛔䛾䛷䛿䠈㌴ෆ䛻
ᅗ 3 ឤᛶ䜢ព㆑䛧䛯ゐឤ䛻䜒㓄៖䛧䛯౛
2.2.3. ⪃䛘ᢤ䛛䜜䛶タィ䛥䜜䛯Ⰽ䠈䜹䝷䞊䝕䝄䜲䞁
䜽䝹䝬䜢㉎ධ䛩䜛㝿䠈䛹䜣䛺䝪䝕䜱䜹䝷䞊䜢㑅ᢥ䛩䜛䛾䛛
䛿ᝎ䜏䛾✀䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛭䜜䜋䛹㔜せ䛺䝣䜯䜽䝍䞊䛸䜒ゝ䛘䜛䛾
䛜䝪䝕䜱䜹䝷䞊䛷䛒䜛䠊䜹䝷䞊䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䛻⪺䛟䛸䠈⮬
ື㌴⏝ሬ⿦䛸䛿ᐇ䛻ዟ῝䛟䠈⦓ᐦ䛷⧄⣽䛺䜒䛾䛸䛔䛖䠊䝴䞊
䝄䞊䛜୍␒Ẽ䛻䛩䜛ぢᰤ䛘ရ㉁䛷䛒䜚䠈䜽䝹䝬䜋䛹㧗ᗘ䛺
⪏ஂᛶ䠈⪏ೃᛶ䛜せồ䛥䜜䜛ሬ⿦䛿௚䛻䛿䛺䛔䛸䜒ゝ䜟䜜
䛶䛔䜛䠊ሬ⿦䛾ཌ䜏䛿䠈䜟䛪䛛 100 䝬䜲䜽䝻䝯䞊䝍䠄⣙ 0.1 䝭䝸䠅
䛷䠈 ᗘ䜔‵ᗘ䠈䛿䛽▼䜔᧿䜚യ䠈䛿䛯䜎䛯㓟ᛶ㞵䛻䜒ᑐᛂ
䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊Ⰽ䛸䛿䛂≀䛻ᙜ䛯䛳䛶཯ᑕ䛧䛯ග䛃䛜Ⰽ
䛸ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䜛䛾䛷䠈䜹䝷䞊䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊㐩䛿䠈ᖖ䛻䛂ග䜢᧯䜚䛯
䛔䛃䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛜䛖䜎䛟䛷䛝䜛䛸䜟䛪䛛 100 䝬䜲䜽䝻
䝯䞊䝍䛾ⷧ䛥䛾୰䛷䜒䠈❧యឤ䜔῝䜏䛺䛹䛜ฟ䛫䜛䛸䛔䛖䠊
Ⰽ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⾲⌧䜔ே䛾ཷ䛡Ṇ䜑᪉䛿༓ᕪ୓ู䛷䛒䜛䛯
䜑䠈Ⰽ䜢ᩘ್໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈Ⰽ䛵䛟䜚䜢䛩䜛ே䛾ඹ㏻䛾ㄆ
㆑䜢☜❧䛥䛫䛯ୖ䛷䠈䝴䞊䝄䞊䛾ᕼᮃ䛻ᛂ䛘䜛Ⰽ䜢ṇ☜䛻
ල⌧໬䛧䛶䛔䛟䠊ᚑ᮶䛛䜙䛒䜛䛂᫂ᗘ䛃䛂ᙬᗘ䛃䛂Ⰽ┦䛃䛺䛹䛾
ᑻᗘ䜢ᩘ್໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䛭䛖㞴䛧䛟䛿䛺䛔䛜䠈䛂῝䜏䛃䛂㏱᫂ឤ䛃
䛺䛹䛸䛔䛳䛯ᐁ⬟ⓗᑻᗘ䜢ᩘ್໬䛩䜛䛾䛿ᅔ㞴䛺䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
䝺䜽䝃䝇䛾䜹䝷䞊䝕䝄䜲䞁䜾䝹䞊䝥䛷䛿䠈⊂⮬䛾ᑻᗘ䜢స䜚
自動車のデザインと設計開発における感性価値 135
ୖ䛢䠈Ⰽ┦䜔㉁ឤ䛺䛹䛾≉ᚩ䜢ධ䜜㎸䜣䛰Ⰽ䛤䛸䛾┦㛵㛵
ಀ䜢ゎᯒ䛧䠈ᩘᖺ䛾ṓ᭶䜢⤒䛶䝺䜽䝃䝇䜹䝷䞊䛾䝫䝆䝅䝵䝙
䞁䜾䜢ᑟ䛝ฟ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䠊䛂᫂䜛䛥䛃䛂㩭䜔䛛䛥䛃䛂῝䜏䛃䛂❧యឤ䛃
䛸䛔䛖 4 䛴䛾ᣦᶆ䛾タᐃ䛻䜘䜚䜹䝷䞊㡿ᇦ䜢᫂☜䛻䛧䛶䠈Ⰽ
䛾ᩘ್໬䜢䛝䛱䜣䛸ᐇ᪋䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䠈ᚑ᮶䛾Ⰽ䛾㡿ᇦእ䛷䠈䜘
䜚䛂῝䜏䛃䛾䛒䜛䛂❧యⓗ䛃䛺Ⰽ䛾⾲⌧䛻ᡂຌ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䠊
䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊䛜ឤᛶ䛻ッ䛘䜛䜽䝸䜶䜲䝖䛧䛯Ⰽ䜒䠈᭱⤊ⓗ䛺〇
ရ䛻䛺䜛䛻䛿䠈㛗䛔᫬㛫䛸▱ᜨ䛜ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛䠊ᮦᩱᢏ⾡㒊䛾
䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䛜䠈䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊䛾ᛮ䛔ᥥ䛔䛯㏻䜚䛾Ⰽ䜢䛴䛟䜛䛰
䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈⏕⏘ᛶ䜔ᛶ⬟䞉ရ㉁䛺䛹䜢ຍ࿡䛧䛶ึ䜑䛶ල⌧
໬䛥䜜䜛䠊᭦䛻䛿䠈⏕⏘ᢏ⾡㒊䛾䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䛜䠈ᐇ㝿䛾ᕤሙ
䛾ሬ⿦䝷䜲䞁䛷ᣦ♧㏻䜚䛻ሬ⿦䛧䛯㝿䠈䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊䛜ᛮ䛔ᥥ
䛔䛯Ⰽ䛻䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻ㄪᩚ䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀ฟ᮶ୖ䛜䜙䛺䛔䠊䛣䛖䛧䛯
୕఩୍య䛾ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ䛜ឤᛶ㇏䛛䛺Ⰽ䠄䜹䝷䞊䠅䜢⏕䜏ฟ䛩䠊
௦䛾䝺䜽䝃䝇 LS 䛜ึ䜑䛶᥇䜚ධ䜜䛯䛾䛜⅊─䛾䝣䝍⏝䛾ᶞ
⬡䝎䞁䝟䞊䛷䠈䛭䜜䜎䛷䛾㌴䛷䛿࿡Ẽ䛺䛟䛂䝟䜹䝑䛃䛸㛤䛔䛶
䛔䛯䜒䛾䛜䛂䝇䜳䞊䝑䛃䛸ఱ䛸䜒ゝ䛘䛺䛔ᚰᆅ䜘䛥䛷㛤䛟䜘䛖䛻
䛺䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻୍㐃䛾ືస䛜䝇䝮䞊䝈䛷䠈䝴䞊䝄䞊䛻ື
䛝䛜⮬↛䛷Ẽ䛻䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸ឤ䛨䛶䜒䜙䛖䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛺䛾䛰䛸䛔
䛖䠊
䜒䛧䠈䛣䛖䛔䛖ឤᛶⓗ䛺㓄៖䛜䛺䛟䠈䜹䝑䝥䝩䝹䝍䞊䜢㛤䛡
䛯䜙䛂䜹䝍䞁䛃䛸䛔䛖㡢䛜䛧䛯䜙㧗⣭㌴䛾䝣䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾䛿኱䛝䛟
ᦆ䛺䜟䜜䜛䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊ୖ㏙䛾䝇䜲䝑䝏䛾ឤゐ䜔䝣䝍≀䛾㛤㛢
㏿ᗘ䜢䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛧䠈ᐊෆ඲య䛾ᶵ⬟㒊ရ䛾ㄪᩚ䜢䛩䜛䛾
䛿䠈䝺䜽䝃䝇䛷䛿䛂䝣䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾ホ౯䝸䞊䝎䞊䛃䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛䜶䞁
䝆䝙䜰䛷䛒䜛䠊せ䛿Ẽ䛻䛺䜙䛺䛔䜘䛖䛺䝏䝳䞊䝙䞁䜾䛜኱ษ
䛷䠈䜎䛥䛻ឤᛶ䛾㡿ᇦ䛾タィ䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊
2.3.4 ᚰᆅⰋ䛔✵㛫䛷䛾↷᫂䛸㡢
2.3 ⮬ື㌴タィ䛻䛚䛡䜛ឤᛶᕤᏛ
䜽䝹䝬䛾タィ䛸䛔䛖䛸䠈ᵓ㐀䜢ィ⏬䛧䠈䛭䜜䛻ᇶ䛵䛝䝪䝕
䞊䜔䝅䝱䝅䞊䛺䛹䛾タィ䜢⾜䛔䠈ྛ✀㒊ရ䜢タィ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖
ὶ䜜䛜ᇶᮏ䛻䛒䜛䛜䠈䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈ឤᛶ䛻㛵䜟䜛タィୖ䛾㓄៖
䛾஦౛䜢䠈䝺䜽䝃䝇䜢౛䛻䛸䛳䛶䠈䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䜔䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊䛾
᪉䚻䛛䜙ఛ䛳䛯䛣䛸䜔ㄪ䜉䛯䛣䛸䜢⤂௓䛧䛯䛔䠊
2.3.1 䛂㉮䜚䛃䛾䝣䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾
㌴୧䛾ᛶ⬟䜢㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛㒊⨫䛷䛿䠈䛂㉮䜚䛃䛾䝣䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾䠈
䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈䛂㉮䜚䛃䛾࿡௜䛡䜢䛩䜛䛂䝟䝣䜷䞊䝬䞁䝇䝬䜲䝇䝍䞊䛃
䛸䛔䛖䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䛜䛔䛶䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾㌴୧䛻䛒䛳䛯䝗䝷䜲䝤䝣
䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾䜢タᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾࿡௜䛡䛿䠈䜎䛥䛻ᩱ⌮䛸ఝ䛯
䛸䛣䜝䛜䛒䜚䠈౛䛘䜀䠈ሷ䜢䜋䜣䛾䠍䜾䝷䝮ධ䜜䜛䛰䛡䛷䠈䜎䜛
䛳䛝䜚㐪䛖࿡䛻䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛖䜘䛖䛻䠈䜟䛪䛛䠍䝭䝸䛾㐪䛔䛷䜒䛂㉮
䜚䛃䛾䝔䜲䝇䝖䛿ኚ䜟䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䠊䝺䜽䝃䝇䛷䛿䠈䝥䝺䝭䜰䝮
䝤䝷䞁䝗䛻┦ᛂ䛧䛔䛂࿡௜䛡䛃䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍
䛷䛿ᙎ䛝ฟ䛫䛺䛔ே㛫䛺䜙䛷䛿䛾ឤᛶ䛾㡿ᇦ䛷䛾ㄪᩚ䛸ゝ
䛘䜛䠊
ኤᬽ䜜᫬䛻⌧⾜䝺䜽䝃䝇 LS 䛾䝗䜰䜢㛤䛡䜛䛸䠈㊊ඖ䛜䜅
䜟䜚䛸↷䜙䛥䜜䜛䠊ே䜢䝗䝷䜲䝡䞁䜾䛻䛔䛦䛺䛖䠈ᬮ䛛䜏䛾䛒䜛
ᰂ䜙䛛䛺↷᫂䛜₇ฟ䛥䜜䜛䠊ఱ䛸䜒ゝ䛘䛺䛔ᚰᆅ䜘䛥䜢ឤ䛨䜛
▐㛫䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊䛧䛳䛸䜚䛸䛧䛯㑅䜚䛩䛠䜙䜜䛯㠉䝅䞊䝖䛻䛩䜟䜚
䜶䞁䝆䞁䛾䝇䝍䞊䝖䝪䝍䞁䜢ᢲ䛩䛸䠈V8 䜶䞁䝆䞁䛾㟼䛛䛺㰘
ື䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛶䠈䝯䞊䝍䞊䛾↷᫂䛜䜖䛳䛯䜚䛸䝸䝈䝭䜹䝹䛻Ⅼⅉ
䛧䛶䛔䛟䠊䜋䜌᫬䜢ྠ䛨䛟䛧䛶䝬䞊䜽䝺䝡䞁䝋䞁䛾㏱᫂ឤ䛾䛒
䜛㡢䛜ὶ䜜ฟ䛩䠊䛣䛾୍㐃䛾ὶ䜜䛿䠈䜎䛥䛻䠈ᚰᆅ䜘䛔䝗䝷䜲
䝡䞁䜾䜈䛔䛦䛺䛖⮳ୖ䛾ឤᛶ䛾㡿ᇦ䛷䛾タィ䛸ゝ䛳䛶䜒䜘䛔䠊
䛥䜙䛻䛿䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾タィ䜢ᨭ䛘䜛䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾㓄៖䛜ෆ⿦䝕䝄
䜲䞁䛾㝶ᡤ䛻ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛜䠈ヲ⣽䛿ᚋ䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸ឤᛶᕤᏛ䛾
䛸䛣䜝䛷㏙䜉䜛䛣䛸䛻䛩䜛䠊
2.3.2 䝇䜲䝑䝏䛾䝣䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾
䝺䜽䝃䝇䛾ྛ䝰䝕䝹䛻䛿 180䡚200 ಶ㏆䛔䝇䜲䝑䝏䛜౑䜟
䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䝇䜲䝑䝏䛿ே㛫ᕤᏛ䛻ᇶ䛵䛝䝗䝷䜲䝞䞊䛜
ṇ☜䛷Ᏻ඲䛺᧯స䛜ฟ᮶䜛䜘䛖䛻タィ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䝇䜲䝑䝏
䛿኱䛝䛟ศ䛡䛶䠈ᛌ㐺ᛶ䜔฼౽ᛶ䛻㛵ಀ䛧䛯䜒䛾䠈䜽䝹䞊䝈
䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹䛺䛹䛾㐠㌿䛻㛵䛩䜛䜒䛾䠈䛭䛧䛶䝅䞊䝖䜔䜶䞁䝆
䞁䝇䝍䞊䝖䛸䛔䛳䛯䝰䝜䜢ື䛛䛩䛯䜑䛾䜒䛾䠈䛾 3 䝍䜲䝥䛜䛒䜛䠊
䛭䛧䛶䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾䝇䜲䝑䝏䜢᧯స䝣䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾ୖ䠈ᶆ‽䠈䜔䜔
㔜䜑䠈㔜䜑䛸ศ䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊ᶆ‽䛿୍␒㍍䛟᧯స䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾䛷䠈
౑⏝㢖ᗘ䛜ẚ㍑ⓗ㧗䛟㌟㏆䛻䛒䛳䛶᧯స䛧䜔䛩䛔䜒䛾䠈౛
䛘䜀䜶䜰䝁䞁䛾 ᗘタᐃ䛺䛹䛷䠈䛧䛳䛛䜚䛸䛩䛠཯ᛂ䛧䛶䛟䜜
䜛䝍䜲䝥䛾䜒䛾䛻㐺⏝䛥䜜䜛䠊䜔䜔㔜䜑䛾䜒䛾䛿㐠㌿㛵ಀ䛾
䜒䛾䛷䠈䛱䜗䛳䛸ゐ䜜䛯䛰䛡䛷䛿䝇䜲䝑䝏䛜ධ䜙䛺䛔䜘䛖䠈䜔
䜔㔜䛟䛧䛶䛒䜛䠊ᢲ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖཯ᛂ䛜䝗䝷䜲䝞䞊䛻ఏ䜟䜚䠈ື
స䜢ㄆ㆑䛥䛫䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䜒䛾䠊㔜䜑䛾䜒䛾䛿䠈䝅䞊䝖䜔䜶䞁
䝆䞁䝇䝍䞊䝖㛵ಀ䛾䜒䛾䛷䠈୙ព䛾ືస䛷䛿 ON 䛻䛺䜙䛺䛔
䜘䛖䛻䠈᫂ⓑ䛻䝗䝷䜲䝞䞊䛾ពᛮ䛷సື䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䜢ఏ䛘䜛䜒
䛾䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䝇䜲䝑䝏䛾㔜䛥䛻䛿䠈᧯స䛾ព࿡䛸ឤぬ䛜ᐦ᥋
䛻㐃ື䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊
2.3.3 䝣䝍䜔䝺䝞䞊䠈䝣䝑䜽䛾㛤㛢䝣䜱䞊䝸䞁䜾
⮬ື㌴䛻䛿䠈䝇䜲䝑䝏௨እ䛻䜒䠈䝣䝍䜔䝺䝞䞊㢮䛜䛒䜛䠊ึ
ᅗ 4 ឤᛶ䜢ព㆑䛧䛯↷᫂䛾౛
2.3.5 䝃䞁䜾䝷䝇䜢䛛䛡䛯䝯䞊䝍䞊
ึ௦䝺䜽䝃䝇 GS 䛾䝏䞊䝣䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰䛿䛂䛚䜒䛶䛺䛧䛾⢭
⚄䜢ᙧ䛻䛧䛯䠈඲䛟᪂䛧䛔㧗⣭䛺䝯䞊䝍䞊䜢䛴䛟䜚䛯䛔䛃䛸䛾
ពྥ䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䛯䠊䛭䜜䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈㛤Ⓨ䜶䞁䝆䝙䜰㐩
䛿䠈䛂㧗⣭䛃䛂䛚䜒䛶䛺䛧䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯ゝⴥ䛾ព࿡䜢ᙧ䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸
䛻ᑓᛕ䛧䠈䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈ᮏ≀䛾㔠ᒓ䛾ᩥᏐ┙䜢౑䛳䛶䛾䝯䞊䝍
䞊䛵䛟䜚䛻⮳䛳䛯䠊䛔䜎䜎䛷ୡ⏺ⓗ䛻ぢ䛶䜒䠈᫬ィ䛾ᩥᏐ┙
䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈ᮏ≀䛾㔠ᒓ䜢䝯䞊䝍䞊䛻౑䛖䛣䛸䛿Ṥ䛹䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸
䛔䛖䠊⌮⏤䛿䠈㔠ᒓᯈ䛻ኴ㝧䛾ග䛜཯ᑕ䛧䠈どㄆᛶ䛻ᨭ㞀
䛜ฟ䜛䛛䜙䛰䠊䛭䛣䛷ᛮ䛔䛴䛔䛯䛾䛜䠈㝧䛾ഴ䛝䛻ᛂ䛨䛶䝯
136
小山登
䞊䝍䞊䛭䛾䜒䛾䛜䝃䞁䜾䝷䝇䜢䛛䛡䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⓨ᝿䠊㑅䜀䜜䛯⣲
ᮦ䛿䠈ග䛾㏱㐣⋡䜢ኚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛾䛷䛝䜛 ECD䠄䜶䝺䜽䝖䝻䜽䝻䝭
䝑䜽䞉䝕䜱䝇䝥䝺䜲䠅䛷䠈䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䠈᪥୰䜔ኪ㛫䛻䛚䛔䛶ග䛜
ᐊෆ䛻ᑕ䛧㎸䜎䛺䛔䛸䛝䛿㏱᫂䛾䜎䜎䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈ᮅ᪥䜔ኤ᪥
䛜ప䛟䝯䞊䝍䞊䛻ᑕ䛧㎸䜐䛸䛝䛻䛿Ⰽ࿡䛜ቑ䛧䛶཯ᑕ䜢ᢚ䛘䠈
䝯䞊䝍䞊䛾どㄆᛶ䛿ᦆ䛺䜟䛺䛔䠊䝗䝷䜲䝞䞊䛻䝝䜲䝔䜽䛸ឤ䛨
䛥䛫䛪䛻䠈ᚰᆅ䜘䛥䛰䛡䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛ᢏ⾡䛸ゝ䛳䛶䜘䛔䠊䠄ᅗ 4
ཧ↷䠅
ᅗ 5 ᚰᆅ䜘䛥䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛ᢏ⾡䛾౛
3.
4.
䛚䜟䜚䛻
㛗ᖺ䠈⮬ື㌴䛸䛔䛖䠈䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䛻㛵䜟䛳䛶䛝䛯୍ே䛸䛧䛶䠈
ᨵ䜑䛶ᛮ䛖䛣䛸䛿䠈⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗ䛾〈㔝䛾ᗈ䛥䠈⮬ື㌴䛸䛔䛖
〇ရ䛾㛵㐃䛩䜛ศ㔝䛾ᗈ䛥䠈䜎䛯䠈ே䜢஌䛫䛶㧗㏿䛷Ᏻ඲
䛻㉮䜛䛸䛔䛖ཝ䛧䛔᮲௳ୗ䛷䛾タィ䜔䝇䝍䜲䝸䞁䜾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾
㞴䛧䛥䛷䛒䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈ឤᛶ㡿ᇦ䛷䛾౯್䛾๰㐀䛺䛹䠈௒䜎䛷
䛾䝰䝜䛵䛟䜚䛷䛿୙༑ศ䛺䛸䛣䜝䜒ከ䛟䠈䝴䞊䝄䞊䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈
ே㛫୰ᚰ䝕䝄䜲䞁ⓗ䛺⪃䛘䛜኱ኚ㔜せ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛟䜛䠊᭱㏆
䛷䛿䝴䞊䝄䞊䜶䜽䝇䝨䝸䜶䞁䝇䝕䝄䜲䞁䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘᪉䛜ᾐ㏱
䛧䛶䛝䛶䛚䜚䠈༢䛻䝝䞊䝗䜴䜶䜰䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈䝋䝣䝖䠈
䝃䞊䝡䝇䜒ໟྵ䛧䛯䝕䝄䜲䞁䝋䝸䝳䞊䝅䝵䞁䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛝䛶
䛔䜛䠊ᡓᚋ䚸ᇵ䜟䜜䛶䛝䛯䝕䝄䜲䞁䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᡭἲ䛿䠈䝝䞊
䝗䜴䜶䜰୺య䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸ゝ䛘䜛䛜䠈䝴䞊䝄䞊䜶䜽䝇䝨䝸
䜶䞁䝇䛻❧⬮䛧䛯᪂䛯䛺䝕䝄䜲䞁䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᡭἲ䛾☜❧
䛜ᛴົ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊౯᱁➇த䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䛔䛛䛻㇏䛛䛺䜶䜽
䝇䝨䝸䜶䞁䝇䜢ᥦ౪䛷䛝䜛䛛䛜ḟ௦䛾➇த䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖䛷䛒䜚䠈
᪂䛯䛺䝡䝆䝛䝇䝏䝱䞁䝇䜢ษ䜚ᣅ䛟䜒䛾䛸☜ಙ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
ឤᛶ䛻ッ䛘䛛䛡䜛໶䛾ᢏ
ᩘᖺ๓䛻䠈䝺䜽䝃䝇䜢〇㐀䛧䛶䛔䜛⏣ཎᕤሙ䜢ぢᏛ䛧䛯䛣
䛸䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈䝕䝆䝍䝹ᢏ⾡䛸䝻䝪䝑䝖ᢏ⾡䛻௦⾲䛥䜜䜛᭱ඛ➃
䛾⏕⏘ᢏ⾡䛿䜒䛱䜝䜣䠈⌧௦䛾ྡᕤ䛸ゝ䛳䛶䜒Ⰻ䛔ே㐩䛜
ᚭᗏ䛧䛯స䜚㎸䜏䜢䛧䛶䛔䛯䛾䛜༳㇟䛻ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷
䛿䠈ே㛫䛾ᣢ䛴ᚤㄪᩚ⬟ຊ䜔⨾ⓗ䝉䞁䝇䠈䛥䜙䛻䛿஬ឤ䛺
䛹䠈ឤᛶ䛻ッ䛘䛛䛡䜛䛂໶䛾ᢏ䛃䛜ά⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊䜽䝹䝬䛜
ฟ᮶ୖ䛜䜛 10 䛾ᇶᮏᕤ⛬䠈䛂䝥䝺䝇䛃䛂䝪䝕䞊䛃䛂ሬ⿦䛃䛂ᶞ⬡
ᡂᆺ䛃䛂ᶞ⬡ሬ⿦䛃䛂⤌❧䛃䛂ရ㉁᳨ᰝ䛃䛂䜶䞁䝆䞁㗪㐀䛃䛂䜶䞁
䝆䞁ຍᕤ䛃䛂䜶䞁䝆䞁⤌௜䛃䛭䜜䛮䜜䛻䠈໶䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛ᢏ⬟ᖌ
䛜㓄⨨䛥䜜䠈ᙼ䜙䜢ᨭ䛘䜛䛂䝺䜽䝃䝇ᢏ⬟ㄆᐃไᗘ䛃䛷ㄆᐃ䜢
ཷ䛡䛯ᢏ⬟ᖌ⿵䠄⣙ 40 ྡ䠅䠈1 ⣭䠄⣙ 400 ྡ䠅䠈2 ⣭䠄⣙ 600
ྡ䠅䠈3 ⣭䠄⣙ 1000 ྡ䠅䛾ྛసᴗဨ䛜䠈ྠไᗘ䛷ㄆᐃ䛥䜜䛯
సᴗ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈ᕤሙ䛾⌧ሙ䜎䛷䜒ᕳ䛝㎸䜣䛰䛂ឤᛶ䜢ᨭ䛘䜛䜒
䛾䛵䛟䜚䛾໶䛾ᢏ䛃䛜䛒䛳䛶䛿䛨䜑䛶ឤᛶ౯್䛾㧗䛔〇ရ㛤
Ⓨ䛜ᐇ⌧䛷䛝䜛䛾䛰䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯䠊
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
ᅗ 6 ᑓ⏝䝷䜲䞁䛷ឤᛶ䛾䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䛾౛
⮬ື㌴䛻䛚䛡䜛ឤᛶ౯್䠈ᑠᒣⓏ䠈ឤᛶᕤᏛ Vol.11No.2 ≉
㞟䛂〇ရ䛸ឤᛶᕤᏛ䛃䠈ᰝㄞ↓, pp83-87, 2012 ᖺ 9 ᭶
Noboru Koyama, Keiichiro Kawarabayashi, Mikio
Yamashita; A Case Study of Service Design- Areas in
which industrial design became involved in LEXUS
Vehicle Development, Proceedings of International㻌
Association
of
Societies
of
Design
Research(IASDR2009), 2009 ᖺ 10 ᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 4, 2008, pp.22-26, 䝖䝶䝍⮬
ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2008 ᖺ 12 ᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 2, 2008, pp.26-31, 䝖䝶䝍⮬
ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2008 ᖺ 5 ᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 4, 2007, pp.46-49, 䝖䝶䝍⮬
ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2007 ᖺ 12 ᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 3, 2007, pp.24-27, 䝖䝶䝍⮬
ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2007 ᖺ 8 ᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 2, 2007, pp.17-19,
pp.48-49, 䝖䝶䝍⮬ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2007
ᖺ5᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 1, 2008, pp.20-25, 䝖䝶䝍⮬
ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2007 ᖺ 2 ᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 3, 2006, pp.20-23,
pp.49-51, 䝖䝶䝍⮬ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2006
ᖺ8᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 2, 2006, pp.4-9, pp.12-15,
䝖䝶䝍⮬ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2006 ᖺ 4 ᭶
Lexus Magazine QUARTER 4, 2005, pp.12-17, 䝖䝶䝍⮬
ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊䠈2005 ᖺ 10 ᭶
䠄ὀ䠅ୖグ䛾[3]䡚[11]䛾 Lexus Magazine 䛾ᮏㄽㄝ䛻ᥖ㍕䛾
෗┿䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸䝖䝶䝍⮬ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝺䜽䝃䝇ᅜෆႠᴗ㒊
䛾஢ゎ䜢ᚓ䛶䛔䜛䚹
TES MAGAZINE,TOYOTA ENGINEERING SOCIETY
NO.2, 1999 VOL.50, 䝖䝶䝍⮬ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝖䝶䝍ᢏ⾡఍䠈
1999 ᖺ 2 ᭶
䝖䝶䝍䛾䜹䞊䝕䝄䜲䞁, pp.3-4, 䝖䝶䝍⮬ື㌴ᰴᘧ఍♫䝕䝄䜲䞁
㒊䠈1985 ᖺ 7 ᭶
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.137－142 （2012） 〔総説〕
኱つᶍ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾 PM 㣴ᡂ
㓇㻌 ᳃㻌 ₩*
Project Manager Education for Large projects
Kiyoshi㻌 Sakamori*
Abstract
In some fields of education, collaboration with companies is impossible, and actual cases cannot be set
as a target of research. In such cases, Project simulator may be used to emulate different real-world
situations. In this type of education, the quality of the simulator to be prepared is a major issue. Just
like airplane pilots using a jumbo-jet flight simulator to train themselves against all kinds of
situations before operating an actual airplane, we want to use PBL activities as a business simulator
to nurture students to become experts in their fields in order to promote their performance in the
world of business.
Keywords: Project management䠈 Education䠈 Project simulator
1.
䛿䛨䜑䛻
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ኻᩋ౛䛿ᚋ䜢䛯䛯䛺䛔䠊䠎䠌䠌䠔ᖺ䛾᪥⤒䝁䞁
䝢䝳䞊䝍䛾ㄪᰝ䛷䛿ᡂຌ⋡䛜䠏䠍㻑䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䜒䛣䛾
್䛻኱䛝䛺ኚ໬䛿䛺䛔䛸䛥䜜䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷௻ᴗ䛷䛿ඃ䜜䛯䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛾㣴ᡂ䜢ᛴົ䛸䛧䛶䛝䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈䛭
䜜䛿୍ᮅ୍ኤ䛻䛿㐍䜐䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊㻌
䛭䛾᭱኱䛾⌮⏤䛿䠈䛂䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿䛩䜉䛶␗䛺䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒
䜛䛸䛔䛖䛃䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᮏ㉁䛛䜙䛝䛶䛔䜛䠊䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈䛹䜣䛺
䛻䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖⟶⌮ᢏ⾡䜢Ꮫ⩦䛧䛶䜒䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿㐣ཤ䛻䛔䛟䛴
䛛䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᡂຌ䛥䛫䛯ᐇ⦼䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䛶䜒䠈௒ᐇ᪋
䛩䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䛭䛾⬟ຊ䜔▱㆑䜢㐺ษ䛻㐺⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿
ᚲ䛪䛧䜒⡆༢䛷䛿䛺䛔䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻▱㆑䜔⤒㦂䜢௒䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䛖䜎䛟㐺⏝䛥䛫
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᡂຌ䛻ᑟ䛟⬟ຊ䛿䛂䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾
䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛸䜒࿧䜀䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛧䛶䠈ከ䛟䛾௻ᴗ䛜䠈䝥
䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᩍ⫱䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸
䜢⌮ゎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌
䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛸䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛛᫂☜䛻
ᐃ⩏䛧䚸䛭䜜䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᩍ⫱䛩䜜䜀䜘䛔䛛⌮ゎ䛧䠈ᐇ㊶䛧
䛶䛔䜛௻ᴗ䛿ᑡ䛺䛔䠊䜟䛪䛛䛾௻ᴗ䛻䛚䛔䛶䝔䜻䝇䝖䛻䜘䜛
▱㆑Ꮫ⩦䜔 㻻㻶㼀䠄㻻㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻶㼛㼎㻌㼀㼞㼍㼕㼚㼕㼚㼓䠅䛻䜘䜛ᐇ㊶ᩍ⫱䛜䛚
䛣䛺䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜⌧≧䛷䛒䜛䠊㧗ᰯ䜔኱Ꮫ䛺䛹䛾ᩍ⫱ᶵ
㛵䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䠈ㅮ⩏ᙧᘧ䛾▱㆑䛾ᩍ⫱䛜䜔䛳䛸ጞ䜑䜘䛖䛸䛧
䛶䛔䜛ẁ㝵䛷䛒䜚䠈ᐇ㝿䛾௙஦䛾⌧ሙ䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛯䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁
䝅䞊䜢ᩍ⫱䛩䜛䜘䛖䛺ᐇ㊶ᩍ⫱䛿ᩘᑡ䛺䛔䠊㻌
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⎔ቃ䛾ୗ䛷䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾⬟ຊ䜢
㧗䜑䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢ᐃ⩏䛧䠈䛭䛾䝁䞁
䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻㌟䛻╔䛡䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛛䛻䛴䛔
䛶䜎䛸䜑䛶䜏䛯䛔䠊㻌
2.
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䜎䛪䠈᭱ึ䛻䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᡂຌ䛻ᑟ䛟䛂䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆
䝱䞊䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛸䛿ఱ䛛䠈䛭䛾ᐃ⩏䜢⪃䛘䛶䜏䜘䛖䠊
⧞㏉䛧ᆺ䛾ᐃᖖᴗົ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈௙஦䛾᪉ἲ䜔ὀពⅬ䜢䝬
䝙䝳䜰䝹䜔䜺䜲䝗䛻ᩚഛ䛧䠈䛭䜜䛻ᚑ䛳䛶ᴗົ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䛩
䜉䛶䛾ᚑ஦⪅䛜ྠᵝ䛻㧗䛔䝺䝧䝹䛾ᴗົ䜢㐙⾜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛯䛸䛘䜀䠈䝣䜯䞊䝇䝖䝣䞊䝗䛾ᗑ䛷䛿䠈ヲ⣽䛺ᴗົ䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹
䜢ᩚഛ䛧䛶ᚑᴗဨᩍ⫱䜢⾜䛺䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈⤒㦂䛾↓䛔ᚑᴗဨ䛷
䜒ඹ㏻䛻㉁䛾㧗䛔䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛧䛛䛧䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ᆺ䛾ᴗົ䛿䛂⊂⮬ᛶ䛃䛸䛔䛖≉ᚩ䛜䛒䜚䠈
ཎ๎䛸䛧䛶ྠ䛨ᡭ㡰䛜⧞䜚㏉䛘䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛿䛺䛟䠈ඹ㏻䛺ᡭ㡰
᭩䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㞴䛧䛔䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛿䠈䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻㛵䛩䜛୍⯡ⓗ䛺▱㆑䜔ᡭ㡰䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿
⮬ศ䛾㐣ཤ䛾⤒㦂䜢䠈ಶ䚻䛾䛂⊂⮬䛺䛃䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻ྜ䜟䛫
䛯ᙧ䛷㐺⏝䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䜢
ᅗ䠍䛻♧䛩䠊
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᡂຌ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛻䚸
▱㆑䜔⤒㦂䜢ಶ䚻䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖άື䜈㐺⏝䛩䜛⬟ຊ
▱㆑䜔⤒㦂
㐺⏝⬟ຊ䠄䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䠅
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿䛩䜉䛶⊂⮬䛺䜒䛾
▱㆑䛾㐺⏝᪉ἲ䛿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䜘䛳䛶␗䛺䜛
❧ୖ
䝇䝁䞊䝥 䠳䠞䠯
ᐃ⩏
䝁䝇䝖
ぢ✚
䝇䜿䝆䝳
䞊䝹☜ᐃ
ᐇ⾜
┘ど
⤊⤖
䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖άື
ᅗ䠍㻌 䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
138
酒森潔
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺▱㆑䜔⤒㦂䜢䝥䝻䝆䜵
䜽䝖䛻㐺⏝䛥䛫䜛⬟ຊ䜢䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛸࿧䜆䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊㻌 㻌
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᡭ㡰䜔᪉ἲㄽ䛿䛂▱㆑䛃䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭
䛾ᡭ㡰䜔᪉ἲㄽ䜢ᐇ⾜䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䜢䛂䝇䜻䝹䛃䠈䛥䜙䛻ಶ䚻䛾
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᡂຌ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛾㐺⏝⬟ຊ䛜䛂䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃
䛷䛒䜛䠊䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛿䠈ඃ⚽䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛜
ᣢ䛴䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᡂຌ䛻ᑟ䛟⾜ື≉ᛶ䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜒䛷䛝䜛䠊
▱㆑䜔䝇䜻䝹䛿ᩍ⛉᭩䜔ᡭ㡰᭩䜢సᡂ䛩䜜䜀䠈ே䛻ᩍ
⫱䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿㞴䛧䛔䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢䛹
䛾䜘䛖䛻ᩍ⫱䛩䜛䛛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿䠈௻ᴗ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵䛷
䜒⌧ᅾ䜎䛰◊✲୰䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䛭䜜䛿䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢ලయⓗ
䛻ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㞴䛧䛟䠈䜎䛯䛭䛾㐩ᡂᗘ䜢♧䛩ᣦᶆ䜒䛣䜜䛸
䛔䛳䛯䜒䛾䛜ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜⌮⏤䛷䛒䜛䠊
3.
䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᐃ⩏
䜎䛪䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ᐃ⩏䜢
⪃䛘䛶䜏䛯䛔䠊PMI(Project Management Institute)䛿䝥
䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛻䛴䛔䛶
PMCDF(Project
Management
Competency
Development㻌 Framework)➨ 2 ∧[3]䛻ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻䜎䛸䜑䛶
䛔䜛䠊
䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛻ᚲせ䛺䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䛾ᐃ⩏䜢䛄䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖⎔ቃ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜰䜽䝔䜱䝡䝔䜱䜢ᐇ⾜䛩
䜛⬟ຊ䛸䛧䛶ド᫂䛥䜜䜛䜒䛾䛅䛸䛧䛶䠈䛭䜜䜢኱䛝䛟ḟ䛾䠏䛴䛻
ศ㢮䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᅗ䠎㻌 PMCDF 䛻䜘䜛ᐇ㊶䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䛂PMCDF ➨ 2 ∧䛃䜘䜚ᢤ⢋
䠄䠍䠅㻌 ඹ㏻䛻ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
▱㆑䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
ᐇ㊶䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
ே᱁䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䠄䠎䠅㻌 ⤌⧊䛻䛚䛡䜛䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䠄䠏䠅㻌 ᴗ⏺≉᭷䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䛣䛾䛺䛛䛷≉䛻䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛻ඹ㏻䛺䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁
䝅䞊䛸䛧䛶䛂ᐇ㊶䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䛂ே᱁䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛃䜢䛒
䛢䠈䛭䜜䜙䛿䛥䜙䛻ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ᐇ㊶䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝇䜢ᅗ 2 䛾䠑䛴
䛾䝴䝙䝑䝖䠈ே᱁䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢ᅗ 3 䛾䠒䛴䛾䝴䝙䝑䝖䛻ศ
㢮䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
PMCDF 䛿䛣䜜䜙䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛻䛴䛔䛶䛭䛾ᐃ⩏䛸㐩
ᡂᇶ‽䜢య⣔ⓗ䛻䜎䛸䜑䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵
䜽䝖䛻ඹ㏻䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜య⣔
ⓗ䛻ᩚ⌮䛥䜜䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈➨ 2 ∧䛾≉ᚩ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈ྛ䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁
䝅䞊䛾せ⣲䛤䛸䛻䠈㐩ᡂ䛧䛯䛛䛹䛖䛛䛾䛂ドᣐ᭩㢮䛃䛾౛䛜グ
㏙䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䠈ྛ⬟ຊ䛾ᐈほⓗ䛺㐩ᡂ
ᗘ䛾ᐃ⩏䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜ᐜ᫆䛻䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯䠊
䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊య⣔䛿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛜᭱⤊ⓗ䛻㌟䛻╔䛡䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁
䝅䞊䜢ᐃ⩏䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈䛭䜜䜙䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻㌟䛻╔䛡䛶䛔
䛡䜀䜘䛔䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾グ㏙䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹↓䛔䠊䜎䛯䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜
䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾ホ౯᪉ἲ䛿᭱⤊ⓗ䛺䜶䝡䝕䞁䝇䜢♧䛫
䜛䛛ྰ䛛䛾㑅ᢥ䛷䛒䜚䠈㐩ᡂ㐣⛬䛾ホ౯䜢⣽䛛䛟⾜䛖䜘䛖䛺䜒
䛾䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊
ᅗ䠏㻌 PMCDF 䛻䜘䜛ே᱁䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䛂PMCDF ➨ 2 ∧䛃䜘䜚ᢤ⢋
4.
䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻㌟䛻䛴䛟䛾䛛
㻌 䛭䜜䛷䛿䠈ඃ⚽䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛿䠈䛭䛾ᐃ⩏䛩
䜙㞴䛧䛔䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻䛧䛶㌟䛻╔䛡䛶䛔䛡䜀䛔
䛔䛾䛰䜝䛖䛛䠊௻ᴗ䛷䛿䝧䝔䝷䞁䛸䛔䛘䜛䜘䛖䛺䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅
䞊䜢㌟䛻╔䛡䜛䛻䛿䠈ከ䛟䛾ᖺ᭶䜢䛛䛡䛶䛩䛣䛧䛷䜒ከ䛟䛾
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢⤒㦂䛧䠈ᵝ䚻䛺ሙ㠃䛻ᦠ䜟䜛䛣䛸䛜᭱ၿ䛾᪉
ἲ䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᑡ䛺䛔䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖⤒㦂䛷䛿䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊
䛿㒊ศⓗ䛻㌟䛻䛴䛟䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈ከ䛟䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢⤒㦂䛧
大規模プロジェクトの PM 養成 139
ሙ㠃䜢య㦂䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈ᵝ䚻䛺≧ἣ䛻ྜ䛳䛯᭱㐺䛺▱㆑
䛾㐺⏝᪉ἲ䜢㌟䛻╔䛡䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䜒䛱䜝䜣䠈䛭䛾㝿ᇶᮏ䛸䛺䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾▱
㆑䜢ṇ䛧䛟⌮ゎ䛧䛶䛚䛟䛣䛸䛜䠈䜘䜚㧗䛔䝺䝧䝹䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅
䞊⋓ᚓ䛻䛴䛺䛜䜛䛣䛸䛿ゝ䛖䜎䛷䜒䛺䛔䠊⮬ᕫὶ䜔຺䛸⤒㦂
䛰䛡䛾ୡ⏺䛷䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ከ䛟䛣䛺䛧䛶䜒䠈ᚲ䛪䛧䜒㧗䛔䝺
䝧䝹䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛸䛧䛶㌟䛻䛴䛟䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯䠈䝁
䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜㌟䛻䛴䛔䛯䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢ィ 䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜒䛺䛔䛾
䛷䠈䝥䝻䝺䜽䝖䛾ᐇົ⤒㦂䛻䛚䛔䛶┿䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜㌟
䛻䛴䛔䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛☜ㄆ䛧䛺䛜䜙ಟṇ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊
ᐇົ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈ከ䛟䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢⤒㦂䛩䜛୰䛷䠈
ᚎ䚻䛻䝇䜻䝹䛜⵳✚䛥䜜䠈䛔䛴䛾䜎䛻䛛䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜㌟
䛻䛴䛔䛶䛟䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛜䝁䞁䝢䝔
䞁䝅䞊䜢㌟䛻╔䛡䛶䛔䜛䛛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᡂຌ
⤒㦂䛜ከ䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜔䠈㞴䛧䛔䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᡂຌ䛥䛫䛯⤒
㦂䛜䛒䜛䛸䛔䛳䛯୺ほⓗ䛺ุ᩿䛻䜘䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䠊
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢⫱ᡂ
䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾㐩ᡂᇶ‽䜒䜅䛟䜑䠈
ከ䛟䛾௻ᴗ䛷䛔䜎䛰䛻☜❧䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
5.
䜒▱㆑䜢㌟䛻╔䛡䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
ḟ䛻➨䠎䝇䝔䝑䝥䛿䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾▱㆑䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᐇ㊶䛻⏕䛛
䛩䛾䛛䠈ṇ䛧䛔ά⏝᪉ἲ䜢ᩍ⫱䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿㌴䛾
ᩍ⩦ᡤ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈㐠㌿䛾ᇶᮏᢏ⾡䜢⩦ᚓ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻ఝ䛶
䛔䜛䠊䛹䜣䛺ඃ⚽䛺Ꮫ⏕䛷䜒䠈䛔䛝䛺䜚኱䛝䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢௵
䛥䜜䛶䜒ṇ䛧䛔ุ᩿䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿㞴䛧䛟䠈䜎䛪ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ᡭ㡰䜢
ᩍ⫱䛧䛶䛚䛟䛣䛸䛷䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䛾ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛾ṇ䛧䛔ุ᩿
䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
᭱ᚋ䛾➨䠏䝇䝔䝑䝥䛿䠈䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺౛እ䜿䞊䝇䜢ྵ䜐䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢䠈⮬ศ䛷ᡭ㡰䜢⪃䛘ุ᩿䜢䛧䛺䛜䜙ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷
䛒䜛䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿䛩䜉䛶␗䛺䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈㐍䜑᪉䜒䛭
䜜䛮䜜䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜔䛭䛾ሙ䛾≧ἣ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊
」㞧䛺ᙧ䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜔ไ⣙䛾ከ䛔䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛
ሙྜ䛿䠈ᶆ‽ⓗ䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䛷䛿䛖䜎䛟
㐍䜎䛺䛔䛣䛸䜒䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢䛖䜎䛟㐍䜑䜛⬟ຊ
䛜䛂䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛃䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻
䜘䛳䛶䜎䛥䛻ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢⮬ศ䛷ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䜒䛱
䜝䜣ᩍ⫱䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈వ⿱䛜䛒䜜䜀᭱ึ䛿䝧䝔䝷䞁䝥䝻䝆䜵
䜽䝖䝬䝛䞊䝆䝱䛾⿵బⓗ䛺ᙺ๭䜢䛧䛯䜚䠈ᑠつᶍ䛷䝸䝇䜽䛾ᑡ
䛺䛔䜒䛾䛛䜙ጞ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛿㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊
䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᩍ⫱䛷䛝䜛䛛
䛭䜜䛷䛿䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䜢䛹䛾
䜘䛖䛻ᩍ⫱䛩䜜䜀䜘䛔䛾䛷䛒䜝䛖䛛䠊䜘䛟䠈⌧ሙ䛻ฟ䛶ⲨἼ䛻
ᥣ䜎䜜䠈⮬ຊ䛷ᔒ䜢஌䜚㉺䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜ຠᯝⓗ䛺᪉ἲ䛷䛒䜛䛺
䛹䛸ゝ䜟䜜䜛䠊␗ᖖ䛺య㦂䜔ኻᩋ䜢ከ䛟䛣䛺䛩䛣䛸䛷䠈䝁䞁䝢
䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜㌟䛻௜䛟䛸䛔䛖⪃䛘䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛧䛛䛧䠈ᮏᙜ䛻䛭䛖䛷䛒䜝䛖䛛䠛䛭䜒䛭䜒䠈␗ᖖ䛺య㦂䜔ኻ
ᩋ䛻⮳䜙䛺䛔䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛾䛜䠈ඃ⚽䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊
䛷䛒䜛䛿䛪䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛪䠈ṇ䛧䛔䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾▱
㆑䜢⩦ᚓ䛧䠈䛭䛾▱㆑䜢ຠᯝⓗ䛻ᐇ⾜䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛶䛣䛭䠈
ṇᖖ䛷䛿䛺䛔䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻䜒ᑐᛂ䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊Ⰻ䛔஦౛
䛾ᐇົᡭ㡰䜢ᩘከ䛟ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈┿䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛜
㌟䛻௜䛟䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
Ⰻ䛔஦౛䜢ከ䛟ᩍ⫱䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈ᐇ஦౛䜢䜔䜏䛟䜒䛻ᩘከ䛟
⤒㦂䛥䛫䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ຠ⋡䜘䛟య⣔❧䛶䜙䜜䛯ᩍ⫱䛾䜹䝸䜻
䝳䝷䝮䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮䛿኱䛝䛟䠏ẁ㝵䛻ศ䛡
䛶⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䠄ᅗ䠐䠅
➨䠍䝇䝔䝑䝥
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾
▱㆑䜔ᢏἲ
➨䠎䝇䝔䝑䝥
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾㐍䜑᪉䠄▱㆑䛾㐺⏝᪉ἲ䠅䛾ᩍ⫱
ᒎ㛤
❧ୖ
䝇䝁䞊䝥 䠳䠞䠯
ᐃ⩏
䝁䝇䝖
ぢ✚
䝇䜿䝆䝳
䞊䝹☜ᐃ
ᐇ⾜
6.
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᩍ⫱䛾ᡭ㡰
䜢⪃៖䛧䛯ᩍ⫱䛜䛚䛣䛺䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ಟኈㄢ⛬䛾䠍ᖺḟ䛻䛿䠈
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᇶᮏ䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾
ᡭ㡰䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾㧗ᗘ䛺䝒䞊䝹䛾Ꮫ⩦䠈䝸䜰
䝹䝍䜲䝮䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾య㦂䛸䛔䛳䛯䜘䛖䛺䛣䛸䜢Ꮫ䜆䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻ᚲせ䛺 IT 䛾ᖜᗈ䛔▱㆑䛜䠐䠌⛉┠
௨ୖ㓄ഛ䛥䜜䠈Ꮫ⏕䛜ಶ䚻䛾⬟ຊ䜔ᐇົศ㔝䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛶
㑅ᢥ䛧䛶Ꮫ⩦䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛿䜎䛥䛧䛟
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᇶᮏ▱㆑䛾ᩍ⫱䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊
䠎ᖺḟ䛿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᩍ⫱䛾➨䠎䝇䝔䝑䝥䛻䛺䜚䠈
Ꮫ䜣䛰▱㆑䜢ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷ṇ䛧䛟ά⏝䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾Ꮫ⩦䜢
⾜䛖䠊䛣䛾ẁ㝵䛷Ⰻ䛔஦౛䛾ᐇົᡭ㡰䜢㌟䛻䛴䛡䜛ᩍ⫱䛻
䛿䠈඘ศ䛻ᐇົ䛾≧ἣ䛜㓄៖䛥䜜䛯ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᐇ᪋
䛩䜛䛣䛸䜔䠈㈇Ⲵ䛾ᑡ䛺䛔⡆༢䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸
䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏᏛ䛷䛿䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ṇ䛧䛔ᐇົᡭ㡰䜢㌟䛻╔䛡䠈▱
㆑䜢ᐇົ䛻ά⏝䛩䜛⬟ຊ䜢Ꮫ䜆᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶 PBL䠄Project
Based㻌 Learning䠅᪉ᘧ䛾Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲ䜢ྲྀ䜚ධ䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
PBL άື䛿䠈Ꮫ⏕⮬䜙䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ィ⏬䜢❧䛶䛭䜜䜢ᐇ㊶
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈➨䠎䝇䝔䝑䝥䛾ᶆ‽ⓗ䛺ᡭ㡰䛛䜙䠈➨䠏䝇䝔䝑䝥
䛾」㞧䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᐇ㊶䜎䛷ᖜᗈ䛔Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䛜ᮇᚅ䛷䛝
䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
┘ど
⤊⤖
䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹
7.
㐺⏝
➨䠏䝇䝔䝑䝥
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛷䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊ᩍ⫱
ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖άື
ᅗ 4㻌 䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊ᩍ⫱䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥
䜎䛪䠈➨䠍䝇䝔䝑䝥䛿䠈▱㆑䛾⩦ᚓ䛷䛒䜛䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛
䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻ᚲせ䛺ᇶᮏⓗ䛺▱㆑䛿䠈䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯
ຠᯝⓗ䛺ᩍ⫱䛻䜘䜚㌟䛻╔䛡䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿୍
⯡ⓗ䛻ᩍᐊ䛻䛚䛡䜛ㅮ⩏ᙧᘧ䛾ᩍ⫱䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾୰䛻䛿
₇⩦ⓗ䛺せ⣲䜢ຍ䛘䛶䜒ຠᯝⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾₇⩦䛿䛒䛟䜎䛷
PBL ᪉ᘧ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛾ศ㢮
ඛ䛻㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈PBL ᪉ᘧ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬䜙䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖ᙧᘧ䛷ㄢ㢟䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐᪉ᘧ䛷䛒䜚䠈䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾
ᩍ⫱䛻ຠᯝ䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊PBL ᪉ᘧ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛿䠈䜎䛪䛭
䛾㐍䜑᪉䛻䜘䜚䠎䛴䛻ศ㢮䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
୍䛴䛿䛂䝥䝻䝉䝇ᆺᩍ⫱䛃䛷䛒䜚䠈Ꮫ⏕䛿‽ഛ䛥䜜䛯䝅䝘䝸
䜸䛻䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䠈ㄢ㢟䛾ゎỴ䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䠊䛣䛾᪉ᘧ䛿䠈䛣䜜
䛛䜙᪂䛧䛔௙஦䜢ጞ䜑䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻䠈ලయⓗ䛺௙஦䛾
㐍䜑᪉䜢⌮ゎ䛥䛫䜛䛾䛻㐺䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊Ꮫ⩦䛾䝅䝘䝸䜸䜢஦๓
䛻సᡂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䠈㝈䜙䜜䛯Ꮫ⩦ᮇ㛫ෆ䛻ከ䛟䛾Ꮫ⩦せ
⣲䜢⤌䜏㎸䜐䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚䠈䜎䛯Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾㐩ᡂᗘ䛾ホ
౯䜒ẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆䛷䛒䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈ᩍ⫱⪅䛿஦๓䛻ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ
㧗䛔䝅䝘䝸䜸䜢సᡂ䛧䛶䛚䛟䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛻䛺䜛䠊
䛣䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈䛂ၥ㢟ᑐᛂᆺ䛃䛾 PBL ᪉ᘧ䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻ㄢ
140
酒森潔
㢟䜢ඛ䛻୚䛘ゎỴ䛾㐍䜑᪉䛿ᩍ䛘䛺䛔᪉ἲ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾᪉
ἲ䛿䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬䜙䛜௙஦䛾㐍䜑᪉䜢⪃䛘䛶┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ䜢┠ᣦ
䛩䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈Ⓨ᝿ຊ䜔᝿ീຊ䛾㣴ᡂ䛻᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䠊ලయ
ⓗ䛺௙஦䜢䜎䛰⪃䛘䜛ᚲせ䛾䛺䛔ⱝᖺ䛾Ꮫ⏕䛾᝿ീຊ㣴ᡂ
䜔䠈㏫䛻䛩䛷䛻䛒䜛⛬ᗘ䛾௙஦䜢䛣䛺䛧䛶䛔䜛䝧䝔䝷䞁䛾ᩍ
⫱䛻ຠᯝ䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾᪉ἲ䛿Ꮫ⩦䛾㐍ᤖ䜔䛭䛾㐩ᡂᗘ䛜Ꮫ
⩦⪅䛻䜘䛳䛶ᕪ䛜ฟ䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䛾䛷䠈PBL ᐇ⾜᫬䛻ᣦ
ᑟ⪅䛾㐺ษ䛺௓ධ䛜㔜せ䛻䛺䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈Ꮫ⩦䛾㐍ᤖ䛜୍ᵝ
䛷䛿䛺䛔䛯䜑䛭䛾㐩ᡂᗘ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㞴䛧䛔䠊
PBL 䛾Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧ䠈䛿䛥䜙䛻䠈䛭䛾ㄢ㢟䛾✀㢮䛜ᐇ㝿䛾䝡
䝆䝛䝇䛷⾜䜟䜜䜛ᐇ஦౛䛺䛾䛛䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿Ꮫ⩦⏝䛻సᡂ䛧
䛯ᶍᨃⓗ䛺஦౛䛺䛾䛛䛻䜘䛳䛶䜒ศ㢮䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊๓
⪅䛾䛂ᐇ஦౛䛃ᆺ䛾 PBL Ꮫ⩦䛿䠈௻ᴗ䛺䛹䛛䜙ᐇ㝿䛾䝡䝆䝛
䝇䛾䝔䞊䝬䜢䜒䜙䛳䛶䛭䛾ゎỴ䜢ᅗ䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈௻ᴗ䛻
䛚䛡䜛 OJT 䛻㏆䛔Ꮫ⩦䛜䛷䛝䛭䛾㧗䛔ຠᯝ䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛䠊
䛯䛰䛧䠈ᐇ᪋ᮇ㛫䜔つᶍ䛺䛹䛾ㄪᩚ䛜㞴䛧䛟䠈⣡ᮇ䠈䝁䝇䝖䠈
ရ㉁䛺䛹䛾ಖ㞀䛻ၥ㢟䛜㉳䛝䜛ሙྜ䜒䛒䜛䠊ᣦᑟഃ䛜⪃䛘䜛
Ꮫ⩦せ⣲䜢䛩䜉䛶‶䛯䛩䛣䛸䜒ᅔ㞴䛷㐩ᡂᗘ䛾ホ౯䜒㞴䛧䛟䠈
㐺ษ䛺䝔䞊䝬䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛ሙྜ䛻㠀ᖖ䛻㧗䛔Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䜢䜒䛯
䜙䛩䠊
ᚋ⪅䛾䛂ᶍᨃ஦౛ᆺ䛃䛿ᣦᑟ䛩䜛ഃ䛜䠈Ꮫ⩦䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛯
ᑠつᶍ䛺ㄢ㢟䜔௬᝿䛾஦౛䜢୚䛘䜛᪉ᘧ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾᪉ᘧ
䛿Ꮫ⩦ᮇ㛫䜔Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾䝺䝧䝹䜢⪃៖䛧䛯䝔䞊䝬䜢୚䛘䜛䛣
䛸䛷䠈Ꮫ⩦⪅䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ຠᯝⓗ䛺Ꮫ⩦⎔ቃ䜢୚䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝
䜛䠊䛣䛾᪉ᘧ䛾 PBL Ꮫ⩦䛷䛿䠈஦๓䛾䝔䞊䝬タᐃ䛜㠀ᖖ䛻
㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈┠ⓗ䛻䛒䛳䛯ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜Ꮫ⩦⪅
䛾ホ౯䜒ẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆䛻䛺䜛᪉ἲ䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊
䜒䛱䜝䜣䠈ᐇ஦౛ᆺ䛸ᶍᨃ஦౛ᆺ䛸䛾ቃ⏺䛿᫂☜䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈
௻ᴗ䛾୚䛘䜛ᐇ஦౛䛾୰䛻䜒䠈ᩍ⫱䛻䛒䜟䛫䛯ᶍᨃ஦౛䛻
㏆䛔ᐇ஦౛䜔䠈ᐇ஦౛䛻༉ᩛ䛩䜛䜘䛖䛺ᶍᨃ஦౛䜒Ꮡᅾ䛩
䜛䠊
ᅗ 5 䛻 PBL 䛾ศ㢮䜢䜎䛸䜑䜛䚹
ᐇ♫఍
䝥䝻䝉䝇ᆺ䠄ᡭ㡰ᆺ䠅ᩍ⫱
᪂ேᩍ⫱䞉〇ရᩍ⫱
ᾞᾙᾣ
ᐇ஦౛ᑐ㇟
ᾒΆᾰῂῂ ᾡιιᾼ
୰ሀ♫ဨᩍ⫱䞉䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᩍ⫱
ᑠつᶍ㛤Ⓨ
ᐇ஦౛䛛䜙䝔䞊䝬㑅ᢥ
ᶍᨃ஦౛䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍
Ꮫ⩦⏝䛻స䜙䜜䛯䝔䞊䝬◊✲
ㅮ⩏䞉㏻ಙᩍ⫱
₇⩦䞉ㄢ㢟䝸䝫䞊䝖
ᾟᾑᾛ
ᶍᨃ஦౛ᑐ㇟
ၥ㢟ᑐᛂᆺᩍ⫱
䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᩍ⫱䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠈䛧䛛䛧䠈㝈䜙䜜䛯ᮇ㛫
䜔䝸䝋䞊䝇䛾ไ⣙䛜䛒䜛 PBL άື䛿䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ᮏ᮶䛾┠
ⓗ䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䛾┠ⓗ䛾㐩ᡂ䛜➨୍䛻ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊䛯䛸
䛘䜀䠈䝥䝻䜾䝷䝭䞁䜾⬟ຊ䜢㌟䛻╔䛡䛯䛔 PBL άື䛷䛿䠈୚
䛘䜙䜜䛯᫬㛫䛾኱㒊ศ䜢䝥䝻䜾䝷䝭䞁䜾䛾Ꮫ⩦䛻㈝䜔䛩䛣䛸
䛻䛺䜚䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛿㔜せ䛺せ⣲䛷䛿䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈
䛒䛟䜎䛷䜒䝥䝻䜾䝷䝭䞁䜾άື䛾᥼ຓⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
ゝ䛔᥮䛘䜛䛸䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖άື䛻䛒䜎䜚᫬㛫䜢䛛
䛡䛺䛟䛶䜒䝥䝻䜾䝷䝭䞁䜾⬟ຊྥୖ䛸䛔䛖┠ⓗ㐩ᡂ䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒
䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛭䛖䛩䜛䛸䠈䜒䛧኱つᶍ䛷」㞧䛺せ⣲䜢ᣢ䛴䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬
䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䜢Ꮫ䜃䛯䛔ሙྜ䛿䠈䛭䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛜
⟶⌮ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛኱つᶍ䛺ᡂᯝ≀సᡂసᴗ䠄䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉
䝇䠅䛜ᚲせ䛸䛔䛖஦䛻䛺䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺኱つᶍ䛺䝥䝻䝎
䜽䝖సᴗ䜢Ꮫ⩦䛾ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾
㈐௵䛾ၥ㢟䠈ᮇ㛫ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟䠈㈝⏝ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟䠈኱䛝䛺䝸䝇䜽䛜
క䛖ၥ㢟䛺䛹ᵝ䚻䛺ไ⣙䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䠊
䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䠈኱つᶍ䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᴗົ䜢ᐇ㊶
䛧Ꮫ⩦䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈䛭䜜䛻ぢྜ䛳䛯ᐇᅾ䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢‽
ഛ䛩䜛䛾䛿㠀ᖖ䛻ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊
䛭䜜䛷䛿䠈PBL άື䜢㏻䛨䛶኱つᶍ䛷」㞧䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖άື䜢ᐇ㊶䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈䛹䛖䛧䛯䜙䜘䛔䛰䜝䛖䛛䠊䛭
䛾ゎỴ᪉ἲ䛾୍䛴䛸䛧䛶䠈ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᐇ㊶䛜䛒䜛䠊ᶍ
ᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛿䠈䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮సᡂ䛾䜘䛖䛺䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉
䝇䛻䛿᫬㛫䜢䛛䛡䛪䠈䛩䛷䛻᏶ᡂ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䜢౑⏝䛩䜛䠊䛣
䛖䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈㝈䜙䜜䛯ᮇ㛫䛷኱つᶍ䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬
䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇㒊ศ䜢య㦂䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊ᅗ䠒䛻䛭䛾䜲䝯
䞊䝆䜢♧䛩䠊㏻ᖖ䛾 PBL άື䛿䠈୚䛘䜙䜜䛯ᮇ㛫䛾䜋䛸䜣
䛹䜢䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻㈝䜔䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈
ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䠈PBL ཧຍ⪅䛿
኱༙䛾᫬㛫䜢䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖άື䛻㈝䜔䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜
ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊Ꮫ⩦ᮇ㛫䛾኱༙䛷䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝥䝻
䝉䝇䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㏻ᖖ䛾䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢ྵ䜐 PBL
άື௨ୖ䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖άື䛜ᐇ᪋䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛒
䜛䠊
‡ ㏻ᖖ䛾PBL
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖
䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾⩦ᚓ䛜୺య
䛭䛾䛯䜑䛾せ⣲䛸䛧䛶PM䛜ᚲせ
䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇
◊✲άື䞉ඛ➃ᢏ⾡
‡ 䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䜢Ꮫ䜆PBL
ᅗ 5㻌 PBL ἲᘧ䛾Ꮫ⩦䛾ศ㢮
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛷䛿䠈䠍ᖺ᫬䛾䜽䝷䝇䝹䞊䝮ᩍ⫱䛾
ෆᐜ䜢ᇶ♏䛻䠈䠎ᖺḟ䛿 PBL ᪉ᘧ䛷ᇶ♏▱㆑䜢ᐇົ䛻㐺
⏝䛩䜛カ⦎䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊PBL 䛾㐍䜑᪉䜔䝔䞊䝬㑅ᐃ䛿䛭
䜜䛮䜜䛾ᩍ⫱ෆᐜ㐺䛧䛯᪉ἲ䛜䛸䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊᭱ඛ➃䛾ᴗ
ົᐇ᪋᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶 PBL ᪉ᘧ䛷Ꮫ䜣䛰䛒䛸䠈ᐇ♫఍䛷ᐇ
ົ䛻㐺⏝䛧䛶䛔䛟䛸䛔䛖䠏䝇䝔䝑䝥䛾ᩍ⫱᪉ἲ䜢䜎䛥䛻ᐇ㊶䛧
䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
8.
኱つᶍ䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾
䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻ὀຊ䛧䛶Ꮫ⩦䛩䜛
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖
䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍
ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇
㻌
ᅗ䠒㻌 䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢ྵ䜐 PBL άື䛸䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛
䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻ὀຊ䛧䛯 PBL άື䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆
PBL ᪉ᘧ䛻䜘䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᩍ⫱
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺≉ᚩ䛾䛒䜛 PBL ᪉ᘧ䜢౑䛳䛶䠈኱つᶍ䛺䝥䝻䝆
䜵䜽䝖䜢ᐇ㊶䛷䛝䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᩍ⫱䜢⾜䛖䛻䛿䠈
䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺᪉ἲ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛷䛒䜝䛖䛛䠊
PBL ᪉ᘧ䛷Ꮫ⩦䜢㐍䜑䜛䛣䛸䛭䜜⮬య䛷䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬
9.
ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ᐇ⌧᪉ἲ
䛭䜜䛷䛿䠈ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻‽ഛ䛩䜜䜀
䜘䛔䛾䛷䛒䜝䛖䛛䠊
大規模プロジェクトの PM 養成 141
䛭䜜䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䛻䛿䠎䛴䛾䝫䜲䞁䝖䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊᭱ึ䛾
䝫䜲䞁䝖䛿䠈䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䜢౑⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊ᐇᅾ䛧䛺䛔䝥
䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ᡂᯝ≀䜢஦๓䛻‽ഛ䛧䛶䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛
䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻⤂௓䛧䛯䜚䠈㏫䛻䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᣦ♧䜢
䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻᥋⥆䛩䜛௙⤌䜏䛜䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛾ᶵ⬟䛷
䛒䜛䠊
䜒䛖୍䛴䛾㔜せ䛺䝫䜲䞁䝖䛿䠈䛝䛱䜣䛸䛧䛯䝅䝘䝸䜸䜢‽ഛ
䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊ᐇ㝿䛾సᴗ䛷䛒䜛䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢ᐇ᪋
䛧䛺䛔䛾䛷䠈䛭䛾సᡂ≀䛺䛹䛿஦๓䛻‽ഛ䛧䛶䛚䛟䛣䛸䛻䛺
䜛䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䠈䛭䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䛿䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑༑ศ䛻ྫྷ࿡䛧䛶䛚
䛟ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ᐇ᪋୰䛾ᡂᯝ≀䛻䛿䠈䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖
䝥䝻䝉䝇䛷సᡂ䛥䜜䜛䜒䛾䛸䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛜సᡂ
䛩䜛䜒䛾䛻ศ䛡䜙䜜䜛䛜䠈䝅䝘䝸䜸䛜䛝䛱䜣䛸‽ഛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛
䛣䛸䛷䚸㐺ษ䛺䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ᡂᯝ≀䛜‽ഛ䛥䜜䚸䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛿⮬ศ䛾ᡂᯝ≀సᡂ䛻ὀຊ䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛒
䜛䠊
ᐇ㝿䛻䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䜢సᡂ䛩䜛 PBL 䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䜒䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽
䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛿Ꮫ⩦ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈㝈䜙䜜䛯Ꮫ⩦ᶵ㛵䛸స
ᴗᕤᩘ䛛䜙䠈Ꮫ䜉䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾せ⣲䛿㝈䜙䜜
䛶䛧䜎䛔ᚲ䛪䛧䜒඘ศ䛺⤒㦂䜢✚䜐䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯ᐇ
ᴗົ䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛᪉ᘧ䛷䛿䠈ኻᩋ䛜チ䛥䜜䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈Ᏻ඲
⟇䛻㉮䛳䛶䛧䜎䛔Ꮫ⩦䛩䜉䛝せ⣲䛜㝈䜙䜜䛶䛧䜎䛖䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖
䛺䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ᮏᏛ䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᩍ⫱䛻䛿䠈䝅䝘
䝸䜸䜢ᣢ䛴ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿䠈䛔䜟䜀䝟䜲䝻䝑䝖㣴ᡂ䛾䛯䜑
䛾䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛾䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈኱つᶍ䛷ኻᩋ䛾䜖䜛䛥䜜
䛺䛔䝍䜲䝥䛾ᴗົ䛾カ⦎䛻䛿㠀ᖖ䛻ຠᯝⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䝥
䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛜䠈ᐇ㝿䛻䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛๓䛻
カ⦎䛩䜛ሙᡤ䛸䛧䛶䠈䜽䝷䝇䝹䞊䝮䛷䛾▱㆑ᩍ⫱䛻䜒䠈ᐇ㝿
䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾 OJT 䛻䜒䛷䛝䛺䛔㒊ศ䛾ᩍ⫱䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜
ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䜛䠊
10. ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
஦౛
⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛷䛿䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢
ྲྀ䜚ධ䜜䛯䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾䛯䜑䛾 PBL Ꮫ⩦䜢⾜䛳
䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛣䛾ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛿䠈100 ே᭶つᶍ䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䛾
ཷὀ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛪䚸Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛Ύᾴ㣧ᩱỈ㈍኎఍
♫䛸ྠつᶍ䛾ᯫ✵఍♫䝅䝸䜴䝇♫䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈♫㛗௨ୗྛ⤌
⧊䛾⤌⧊ᅗ䠈௻ᴗ䛾⨨䛛䜜䛯≧ἣ䠈௻ᴗᡓ␎䛺䛹䛜‽ഛ䛥
䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾௻ᴗ䛾᝟ሗᡓ␎䛾୍䛴䛻♫ෆ䝫䞊䝍䝹䛾ᩚ
ഛ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜䛒䜚䠈᝟ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮㒊㛛䜢୰ᚰ䛻䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
䛾❧䛱ୖ䛢䜛䛸䛣䜝䛛䜙䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛜㛤ጞ䛥䜜䜛䠊䛣䛾䝥䝻䝆
䜵䜽䝖䛾㢳ᐈ䛸䛺䜛䝅䝸䜴䝇♫䛷䛿 RFP 䜢సᡂ䛧ᴗ⪅㑅ᐃ䜢
⾜䛖䠊
୍᪉䠈䛣䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䝟䜲䝘䝑䝥䝹♫䛸䛔䛖䝅䝇
䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䝧䞁䝎䞊䛜䠈ᥦ᱌సᡂ䛛䜙䝅䝇䝔䝮ᵓ⠏䚸ᮏ␒⛣
⾜䜎䛷ཧ⏬䛩䜛䠊䝟䜲䝘䝑䝥䝹♫䛷䛿 RFP 䛻ᑐ䛧䛶♫ෆ䛷
ᥦ᱌䛩䜛䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䠈WBS 䜔䝇䜿䝆䝳䞊䝹䜢సᡂ䛧䠈సᴗ
ᕤᩘ䜢ぢ✚䜒䜚䠈䝸䝋䞊䝇䜢๭䜚ᙜ䛶䜛䠊ရ㉁᪉㔪సᡂ䜔䝸䝇
䜽䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䜢⤒䛶ᥦ᱌ෆᐜ䜢☜ᐃ䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾㛫䠈㢳ᐈ䜲䞁
䝍䝡䝳䞊䚸♫ෆ䛾ୖྖ䜔 PMO 䛾䝺䝡䝳䞊䛺䛹䜢య㦂䛧䠈ᥦ
᱌ෆᐜ䛾ᢎㄆ䜢ཷ䛡䛯䛾䛱䠈㢳ᐈ䜈䛾ᥦ᱌䜢⾜䛖䠊䛣䛾ᥦ᱌
άື䛛䜙䝧䞁䝎䞊䛸䛧䛶䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾సᴗ䛜
㛤ጞ䛧䠈PBL Ꮫ⩦⪅䛿ᥦ᱌䛻ᚲせ䛺୍㐃䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖⟶
⌮సᴗ䜢య㦂䛩䜛䠊
ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛿䠈䝟䜲䝘䝑䝥䝹♫䛾ᥦ᱌䛜↓஦᥇⏝
䛥䜜䠈䝅䝸䜴䝇♫䛛䜙䛾Ⓨὀ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖タᐃ䛷䝥䝻䝆䜵
䜽䝖䛿㐍⾜䛩䜛䠊ᥦ᱌άື䛷䝧䞁䝎䞊䛾どⅬ䛷䛿䛛䛺䜚ヲ⣽
䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ィ⏬䜢సᡂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䠈ዎ⣙ᚋ䛿䛭䜜䜢䝧
䞊䝇䛻䛥䜙䛻㢳ᐈ䛸ㄪᩚ䛧䛺䛜䜙ィ⏬䜢☜ᐃ䛩䜛䠊
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛜㛤ጞ䛥䜜䛯ᚋ䛿䠈㏻ᖖ䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮㛤Ⓨ䛾ᡭ
㡰䛻䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶సᴗ䜢㐍䜑䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾୰䛷䜰䞊䞁䝗䝞䝸䝳䞊
䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛻䜘䜛㐍ᤖ⟶⌮䜔䠈䝸䝇䜽䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䠈ၥ㢟⟶⌮䠈
ኚ᭦⟶⌮䛺䛹䛾ᡭ㡰䜢ලయⓗ䛻య㦂䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈⮬♫䛾༠
ຊ఍♫䛛䜙䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮㛤Ⓨ䜔䜲䞁䝣䝷ᵓ⠏䜢ㄪ㐩䛩䜛ෆᐜ䜒
ྵ䜎䜜䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛸䛧䛶ㄪ㐩⟶⌮䛾୍㐃䛾ᡭ
㡰䜒ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䠊
᭱⤊ⓗ䛻᏶ᡂ䛧䛯䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢䝧䞁䝎䞊䛜⣡ရ䛧䚸ᮏ␒⛣
⾜䛻⛣䜛୍㐃䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖⤊⤖సᴗ䜢⤒㦂䛩䜛䚹䛣䛾䝣䜵
䞊䝈䛷䛿䝧䞁䝎䞊䛸䛧䛶䛾❧ሙ䠈䛚䜘䜃Ⓨὀ⪅䛸䛧䛶䛾❧ሙ
୧㠃䛷య㦂䛩䜛䚹
䛣䜜䜙䛾୍㐃䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᐇ᪋䛿䠍䠑䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛻ศ䛡
䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛷䠈ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛸ྠ䛨ရ㉁
䛾㈨ᩱ䛾సᡂ䜔䠈ୖྖ䝺䝡䝳䞊䠈㢳ᐈㄝ᫂䛺䛹䛾ሙ䜢య㦂
䛩䜛䠊඲ᕤ⛬䛾୰䛻‽ഛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䜲䞁䝥䝑䝖㈨ᩱ䛿 50 ✀௨
ୖ䠈సᡂ䛩䜛䝗䜻䝳䝯䞁䝖䛿 60 ✀㢮䛻ཬ䜃䠈ୖྖ䝺䝡䝳䞊18
ᅇ䠈䝔䜽䝙䜹䝹䝺䝡䝳䞊5 ᅇ䠈䝏䞊䝮఍㆟ 53 ᅇ䠈㢳ᐈሗ࿌ 18
ᅇ䜢య㦂䛩䜛䠊䝗䜻䝳䝯䞁䝖䛿䝔䞁䝥䝺䞊䝖䛜‽ഛ䛥䜜䠈▷ᮇ
㛫䛷㧗䛔䝺䝧䝹䛾ᡂᯝ≀సᡂ䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚䠈ᩍဨ䛜ୖྖᙺ
䜔㢳ᐈᙺ䛻䛺䛳䛶䝻䞊䝹䝥䝺䜲䜢⾜䛺䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽
䝖䛸ྠᵝ䛾⮫ሙឤ䛷䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䠊
11. ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛾 PBL Ꮫ⩦䛾≉ᚩ
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䝅䝘䝸䜸䜢‽ഛ䛧䛯ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛
PBL Ꮫ⩦䛾䛩䛠䜜䛯Ⅼ䛿䠈኱つᶍ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢▷ᮇ㛫䛷
య㦂䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䠈ᩘከ䛟䛾㈨ᩱసᡂ䜔䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ሙ
䜢య㦂䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䠈ኻᩋ䜢ᜍ䜜䛪ᐇ᪋䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䠈ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ䛾
ุᐃ䛜ᐇᴗົᐇ᪋䜘䜚䜒ᐜ᫆䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆
䝯䞁䝖䛾ุ᩿䜢䝏䞊䝮䛷㆟ㄽ䛧䛺䛜䜙㐍䜑䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛺䛹䛷䛒
䜛䠊
኱つᶍ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛜ᐇ᪋ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈➨ 8
❶䛷㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈ᐇ㝿䛾䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮ᵓ⠏సᴗ䛿䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍
䛻䜘䛳䛶௬᝿໬䛧䛯䛣䛸䛷䠈Ꮫ⩦᫬㛫䛜㝈䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛୰䛷ᐇ
ົ䝺䝧䝹䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛾సᴗ䜢᭱኱㝈䛻ቑຍ䛥
䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᩘከ䛟䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾ᐇົ䜢య㦂䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䛖
䛸䛣䜝䛷䛿䠈ከ䛟䛾ᐇົ䝺䝧䝹䛾㈨ᩱసᡂ䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䛻Ꮫ⩦
⪅䛾䝺䝧䝹䛻䛒䜟䛫䛶䠈䛩䛷䛻సᡂ䛥䜜䛯㈨ᩱ䛾୍㒊䜢✰
ᇙ䜑᪉ᘧ䛷⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䜒䠈䛩䜉䛶䛾ᡂᯝ≀䜢᭱ึ䛛䜙సᡂ䛩
䜛䛣䛸䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈㈨ᩱసᡂ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟㐍ᤖ఍㆟䠈㢳
ᐈ஺΅䠈ୖྖ䝺䝡䝳䞊䛺䛹ᩘከ䛟䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾䝻䞊
䝹䝥䝺䜲䛜‽ഛ䛥䜜䛶ᐇయ㦂䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊
ኻᩋ䜢ᜍ䜜䛪ᐇ᪋䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜䠈ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷
䛒䜛䛣䛸䛾᭱኱䛾䝯䝸䝑䝖䛷䛒䜛䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖ᐇ᪋⪅䛿䠈᪂䛧
䛔⪃䛘᪉䜔⮬ศὶ䛾⪃䛘᪉䜢ヨ䛧䛶䜏䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䜒䛧
㛫㐪䛳䛯᪉ྥ䛻㐍䜣䛷䜒䠈䝇䝔䝑䝥䛤䛸䛻సᴗ䛿䛔䛳䛯䜣䝅
䝘䝸䜸䛷‽ഛ䛧䛯ὶ䜜䛻ᡠ䛥䜜䜛䛾䛷䠈ẖᅇṇつ䛾䝺䞊䝹䛻
ᡠ䛳䛶Ꮫ⩦䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䠊Ꮫ⩦⪅䛿䝏䝱䝺䞁䝆⢭⚄䜢ᣢ䛳䛶
䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺䛣䛸䛻ᣮᡓ䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹
Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䛾 ᐃ䛜ẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䛾䜒䠈䝅䝘䝸䜸
ᆺ䛾 PBL Ꮫ⩦䛾䝯䝸䝑䝖䛷䛒䜛䠊Ꮫ⏕䛜⮬⏤䛺Ⓨ᝿䛷䝥䝻䝆
䜵䜽䝖䜢᥎㐍䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈Ꮫ⏕䛾Ⓨ᝿ຊ䛾ྥୖ䛻䛿኱ኚຠᯝ
ⓗ䛸䛔䛘䜛䛜䠈Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㞴䛧䛔䛣䛸䜒ከ䛔䠊
䝅䝘䝸䜸䜢䝧䞊䝇䛻䠈‽ഛ䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦せ⣲䜢䛩䜉䛶䛣䛺䛧䛺䛜
䜙㐍䜑䜛䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈Ꮫ⩦せ⣲䛤䛸䛾Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾⬟
142
酒森潔
ຊ䜔㐩ᡂᗘ䛾ุᐃ䜢䛝䜑⣽䛛䛟䛚䛣䛺䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䛿ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛺䛔䛣䛸䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬
䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖௨እ䛾䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䜢సᡂ䛧䛺䛔䛣䛸䠈䝅䝘䝸䜸䜔䝔䞁
䝥䝺䞊䝖䛜㇏ᐩ䛺䛯䜑䠈Ꮫ⏕䛜⮬䜙ᕤኵ䛧๰㐀ⓗ䛺άື䛻䛺
䜙䛺䛔䛣䛸䛺䛹䛜ୖ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊
ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛿䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䛿☜䛛䛻䛭䛖䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᐇ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷㉳䛣䜛୙☜ᐇ䛺せ⣲䛻ᑐᛂ䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䜒䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䛾せ⣲䛷䛒䜚䠈䝅䝘䝸䜸ᆺ䛷䛿䛭䜜䛜㞴䛧
䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈୙☜ᐇ䛺せ⣲䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛๓䛻䠈䛺䛻䜘䜚䜒ṇ䛧䛔
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖άື䜢య㦂䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖య
㦂䛜ᑡ䛺䛔≧ែ䛷䠈䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺せ⣲䜢య㦂䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲ䛪䛧
䜒Ⰻ䛔䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊㐠㌿ᢏ⾡䜢⩦ᚓ୰䛾ே䛜䚸䜎䛪⮬ື㌴
ᩍ⩦ሙ䛷䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾㐠㌿ᢏ⾡䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛶㊰ୖ䛻ฟ䜛䛾䛸ྠ
䛨䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᐇ㝿䛾䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䜢సᡂ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䜒䛒䜛䠊
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖άື䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿ᐇ㝿䛾䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖సᴗ䛜኱༙䛷
䛒䜚䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖సᴗ䛿䛭䛾௜㝶సᴗ䛺䛾䛷䛒
䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖సᴗ䛾↓䛔䇾䛿䜚䜌䛶䇿䛾⎔ቃ䛷䛾カ
⦎䛷䛿༑ศ䛺⫱ᡂ䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜒୍⌮䛒䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈
䛣䜜䜒㝈䜙䜜䛯᫬㛫䛷᭱኱䛾ຠᯝ䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䠈」㞧
䛷኱つᶍ䛺䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜋䛹䠈䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛷カ⦎䜢✚䜣䛷ᐇ
♫఍䛻ฟ䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊Ꮫ⏕䛻๰㐀ⓗ䛺Ⓨ᝿ຊ
䜔ุ᩿ຊ䜢య㦂䛧䛶䜒䜙䛖䛸䛔䛖┠ⓗ䛿ู䛾᪉ἲ䛷⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜
ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊
ᅗ 7 䛻䝅䝘䝸䜸ᆺ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾 15 䝇䝔䝑䝥䛾䛖䛱䠎䛴䛾䝇
䝔䝑䝥䜢⤂௓䛩䜛䚹
12. 䜎䛸䜑
䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊⫱ᡂ䛻䛿䠈ᶍᨃ䝥
䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛜᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢㏙䜉䛶䛝䛯䠊PBL Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧ䛷 1
ᖺ㛫䛸䛔䛖㝈䜙䜜䛯᫬㛫䛷᭱኱䛾Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝ䜢ฟ䛩䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈
䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䝔䞊䝬䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜉䛝䛛䠈䜎䛯䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䛾⫱
ᡂ䛸䛔䛖ᩍ⫱䛾ຠᯝ䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ィ䜛䛛䛜኱䛝䛺ㄢ㢟䛻䛺䛳
䛶䛔䜛䠊⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䛷䛿䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ㄢ㢟䛻ྥ䛡
PBL Ꮫ⩦᪉ᘧ䜢◊✲䛧䠈ᨵⰋ䜢㔜䛽䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺୰䛷䠈
䝅䝘䝸䜸䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ᶍᨃ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᐇ㊶䛿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛
䝆䝱䞊䛾ᩍ⫱䛻䛿㠀ᖖ䛻ຠᯝ䛾㧗䛔䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊
䝍ᶵ⬟䜢䛥䜙䛻඘ᐇ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛻䛧䛶䛔䛝䛯䛔䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
຾ཪ ᙲ䠈䇾IT ᕷሙ䛷䛾 ProactivePM ⫱ᡂ䛻ྥ䛡䛯኱Ꮫᩍ
⫱䜈䛾䛚㢪䛔䇿䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖Ꮫ఍: PM ᶆ‽䜹䝸䜻
䝳䝷䝮䛸௻ᴗෆᩍ⫱䠈61/81 (2009)䠊
ᆏୖ៞Ꮚ,⏣୰⚽ᶞ䠈ᒣᓮఙ᫭䠈䇾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊⬟ຊ
ྥୖ䛾䛯䜑䛾䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䞉䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽సᡂ䇿䠈᪥❧䝴
䞊䝄䞊఍ 49 ᅇㄽᩥ䠈2009䠊
䇾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䞉䝬䝛䝆䝱䞊䞉䝁䞁䝢䝔䞁䝅䞊䞉㛤Ⓨయ⣔
䠄PMCDF䠅➨ 2 ∧䇿,PMI,2009
Kiyomi Miyoshi, Kiyoshi Sakamori, “Acquisition of
project manager competencies through the Project
Based Learning”,Promac2012,2012
㓇᳃㻌 ₩, ▼஭ ᾈ㟹,“䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䞉䝣䝷䜲䝖䞉䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝍䛻䜘
䜛኱つᶍ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾 PM 㣴ᡂ”,᪥ᮏᕤᴗᩍ⫱༠఍,2012
㓇᳃㻌 ₩,” ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䞉᝟ሗ䜰䞊䜻䝔䜽䝏䝱ᑓᨷ䛾
PBL”,᝟ሗฎ⌮Ꮫ఍䠐᭶ྕ䚸2012
ᅗ䠓㻌 䝅䝘䝸䜸䛾஦౛
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.143－146 （2012） 〔研究速報〕
„řàȩȸȱȚțȗȁBĀĎƗČȔ~ĂǴȐ PBL »ÑȁƗČ
„Ƴ †Ƴ œƳ U* Ɏ Ƴ ƓƳ äƳ Ğ*
A Design of PBL Material for Efficient Development of Small-scale
Software
Hiroshi Koyama* and Yoshihide Chubachi*
Abstract
We have designed a PBL teaching material to bring up professional engineers effectively. This
material simulates a business startup, which tests a hypothesis by the process of software
development which consists of planning, design, implementation, operations and advertisement for a
short period of time. This paper summarizes our PBL education, design and discusses this material,
and reports an experiment of tracking and checking the progress of our PBL team.
Keywords: MVP ɐ Minimum Viable Product ɑ ɒ UVP ɐ Unique Value Proposition ɑ ɒ IT Tools ɒ TiDD
ɐTicket-Driven DevelopmentɑɒStartupɒPBLɐProject-Based Learningɑ
1. DAFB
2. C PBL ,+
ćÙ¨ŐszƛszɐɒÐzɑȂɒƱŒ‚ƖŅȁƭ
¤ȔĐĎǿDzǶ‚ƖŅszƛǼǦȐɓ1 ‹ãȁVĢğĐǼ
Ȃɒ‚Ɩ2ƑȁĕŰɎȧȟɉȔ!–ǴȐɓkȗɏȟȯȠȬ
Ʉ‚¹ǼȂɒIT ƙƃȁjĚǪȎ™Ĉɒų2ƑȁÙEɒȿ
ȴȦɂɍȱɒkȥȧȯɁƗČĪȁĕŰɎȧȟɉȔzȅɓDzǪ
DzɒǰȑǷǮǼȂƱŒ‚ƖŅǽDzǻìŻǴȐǰǽȂơDzǧɓ~
ƟȁÙEȔ¤@ǿƒǭǶȋǿȂɒĴưPȄȣɍȷȯɍȥɏ
ɐÙEƆŏň?ɑǫTâǼǦȐɓ2 ‹ãǿƏ‘DZȑǻǧȐ
PBLɐProject-Based LearningɑhğĐǼȂɒ~ƟȁÙE
ǿžǧȹɋȦțȠȱȔưǴȐǰǽǼɒĕŰɎȧȟɉȁìĈĴ
ưȔŎĥDzɒDZȎǿȣɍȷȯɍȥɏȁ!–ȔĐ­DzǻǧȐɓ
kȗɏȟȯȠȬɄ‚¹ȁ„†œU PBLɐɒ‘ PBLɑ
ǼȂɒÀřÙȁħǸǯȔ}Dzɒŕ]ɐkȥȧȯɁɑ
ƗČȁĉǪȎ~ŒɎƈĈȉǼȁǴȇǻȁçƝȔưǴȐ
ǰǽǼɒȔ!–DzǶƱŒȜɍȦȳȗȁƭ¤ȔĐßǿDzǻ
ǧȐ[1]ɓ
Ðzȁ PBL hğĐǼȂɒ~ƟȁÙEǿžǧȹɋȦțȠȱ
ǿɒŖ½ȁɂɍȶǼRȏijȊɒĕŰɎȧȟɉȁìĈĴưȔŎ
ĥDzɒDZȎǿȣɍȷȯɍȥɏȁ!–ȔĐ­DzǻǧȐɓ
1. BĀĎƗČɂȩȭȲɐȿȴȦɂɍȱɑ
2. ƱǧɊȺɉȁƗȨŐ
2.1. ISNLSJU
Ðzǫ³_ǴȐǢȣɍȷȯɍȥɏǣǿƫǴȐܚǿȂɒ
rǭȁŅlɎfiĜǼrÞǾǡǽȔDzǻǧǭǶȋǿ
˜ŗǾjĚĎǾ?ȔŸ\ǴȐǢĜjĚ?ǣɒ`ƪŜêɎ
ñɎɃȬȺɏȥɆɍȗȭȹĪȁƣ}hȁĎ¨ňȔŸ
\ǴȐǢȩȸȱȧȟɉǣĪǫǦȐǫɒÐzǼȂɒƱŒ‚ƖŅ
Ñǿ˜ŗǽDZȑȐÙEƆŏň?ǽDzǻɒkȗɏȟȯȠȬɄ
‚¹ǼȂǢ7 Ǻȁȣȗȣɍȷȯɍȥɏǣɒ>Ƃ¨Ő‚¹ǼȂ
Ǣ5 ǺȁȣȗȣɍȷȯɍȥɏǣɒDZȎǿǰȑȎȁôǽDzǻǢ3 Ǻȁ
ɂȪȣɍȷȯɍȥɏǣȔŠ}DzǻǧȐɐő 1ɑɓÐzǼȂɒPBL
hğĐȔ…!ǴȐǰǽǼɒǰȑȎǫ!–ǼǬȐȍǨǿȞɈȟɅɇ
ɁǫŠŞDZȑǻǧȐɓ
ő1
Ðzǫ³_ǴȐȣɍȷȯɍȥɏ
()M;4TF?T6%
ȉǶɒŕ]ȁ8Ĉń½ǦȐǧȂŤĪǪȎǦȐġŒʼn¢
ǼǬȐ¤ÔȔǦǯȐǰǽǫǼǬȑȃÎȉDzǧɓ
ÐĤȂɒ1 PȄ 2 ȁ!–ȔĐßǿǴȐ PBL »ÑȁƗČ
PȄ~ţ~ưȔȉǽȋȐɓÐĤȁĩ 2 ĨǼȂÐzȁ PBL Ȕ
ÜśDzɒĩ 3 ĨǼȂ»ÑȁŠŞPȄü—ȔÜśDzɒĩ 4 Ĩ
ǼȂǰȁ»ÑȔ~ƟǿťDzǻȊǶȔěDzɒĩ 5 ĨǼȂɒĂ
ýȁŬƪPȄ”ȁ¸aĪȔ4¯DzɒÐĤȔȉǽȋȐɓ
ɎȣɀɅȳȢɏȥɆɍň?Ƴ
ɎĹĺĎzłǽĘĦȁň?Ƴ
ɎȬɏɁìDƳ
()4+4TF?T6%
&un+%/?0=NŠŽ'
ɎƥÀĎܚɎȗșȰȗȁȞ?Ƴ
ɎĜĎŚ÷PȄȿɏȢȭȱĎŚ÷Ƴ
ɎȳɏȨ2Ó?Ƴ
ɎɃȰɈɍȡǽȥȧȯɁ³×Ƴ
ɎȿȴȦɂɍȱň?Ƴ
ɎȴȤȥȜɏȥɆɍ?Ƴ
ɎȲȟɅɂɍȯɏȥɆɍ?Ƴ
Received on August 31, 2012
*ćÙ¨Őszƛsz ćÙ¨ŐĘĦğɒSchool of Industrial Technology, Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology
144
小山裕司
2.2. PBL PSM
Ɓ‰ȁÙEǼȂɒJþǼ`ƪŜêǿǦǶȐǰǽȂĠǼɒ
Ɓ‰ȂŖ½ɂɍȶǪȎȹɋȦțȠȱǫݤDZȑȐɓÐz PBL
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産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.147－151 （2012） 〔研究速報〕
୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛻㛵䛩䜛୍⪃ᐹ
㝞㻌 ಇ㻌 ⏠㻌 *
A Study on Electric Two-Wheelers Industry in China
Junfu Chen*
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the evolution of electric two-wheelers(E2W) industry in
China using data collection from literature and field survey. At first, the background of this research
are given. Secondly, briefly reviews the core technology and the characteristics of E2W. Then, based on
statistical data and historical events, the evolution of E2W industry are discussed in three distinct
periods: incubation period䠈growth period, adjustment period. Finally, the paper concludes with a
summary and future research direction.
Keywords: E2W, core technology of E2W, incubation period, growth period, adjustment period
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
᫖௒䠈⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ຊ䛸〇ရ㛤Ⓨຊ䛷຾䜛᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ䛜䠈䜲䝜
䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁཰┈䛾㠃䛷ప㏞䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛯[1]䠊౛䛘䜀䠈
ึ䛾᭷ᶵ EL 䝕䜱䝇䝥䝺䜲䛾஦ᴗ໬䛻ᡂຌ䛧䛯䛾䛿᪥ᮏ௻
ᴗ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈⌧䛻ୡ⏺䛷᭱䜒ຊ䜢Ⓨ᥹䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿㡑ᅜ௻
ᴗ䛷䛒䜛䠊20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙䠈ୡ⏺ึ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䜢ᕷሙ໬䛧䛯
䛾䛿᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈᭱䜒㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛜ᬑཬ䛥䜜䠈䜲䝜䝧
䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾౽┈䜢ாཷ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿୰ᅜ௻ᴗ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈
⣽ᚰ䛻ㄪ䜉䜛䛺䜙䜀䠈㢮ఝⓗ䛺䜿䞊䝇䛿䠈༙ᑟయ⏘ᴗ䛺䛹
ᵝ䚻䛺ศ㔝䛷䜒ほᐹ䛥䜜䠈Ỵ䛧䛶⛥᭷䛺ฟ᮶஦䛷䛿䛺䛔䛣䛸
䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊
䛣䛖䛧䛯≧ἣ䜢ᡴ㛤䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ䛜┤㠃䛩䜛ㄢ㢟
䜢┿ṇ㠃䛛䜙ᑐฎ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿Ḟ䛛䛫䛺䛔䛜䠈䛂┦ᡭ䜢▱䜚䠈
ᕫ䜢▱䜜䜀ⓒᡓ༴䛖䛛䜙䛪䛃䛸䛔䛖ᩍ䛘䜒䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈᪥
ᮏ௻ᴗ䛻↔Ⅼ䜢ᙜ䛶䜛䛾䛿㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈㡑ᅜໃ䞉୰ᅜໃ
䛾䜘䛖䛺ᚋⓎ⪅䛿䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻䜻䝱䝑䝏䜰䝑䝥䛻ᡂຌ䛧䛯䛾䛛
䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊
ᮏ◊✲䛿䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ၥ㢟ព㆑䛾䜒䛸䛷㐍䜑䛶䛝䛯䜒䛾䛷
䛒䜛䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛝䛯◊✲஦౛䛾୍䛴䛷䛒
䜛୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾ᒎ㛤䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈཰㞟䛧䛯㈨ᩱ᝟
ሗ䠈ཬ䜃୰ᅜ䛾⌧ᆅ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝣䜱䞊䝹䝗ㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䛻䜒䛸䛵
䛔䛶⪃ᐹ䛩䜛䠊
௨ୗ䛾ᵓᡂ䛿䠈ḟ䛾䛸䛚䜚䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛪ḟ⠇䛷䛿䠈㟁ື⮬
㌿㌴䛸䛿ఱ䛛䠈䛭䛾䝁䜰䞉䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛸᪂䛧䛔䝟䞊䝋䝘䝹䞉䝰
䝡䝸䝔䜱䛸䛧䛶䛾≉ᚩ䜢ㄝ᫂䛩䜛䠊ḟ䛻➨ ⠇䛷䛿䠈⤫ィ䝕
䞊䝍䛸Ṕྐⓗ䛺ฟ᮶஦䜢䜒䛸䛻䠈୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾
㐍໬䜢ⴌⱆᮇ䠈ᡂ㛗ᮇ䠈ㄪᩚᮇ䛻ศ䛡䛶⪃ᐹ䛩䜛䠊䛭䛧䛶
➨ ⠇䛷䛿䠈ᮏ✏䛾㆟ㄽ䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䜛ᬻᐃⓗ⤖ㄽ䜢♧䛧䠈௒
ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠊
㻌
ᅗ 㻝㻌 㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䛾✀㢮㻌
2. 㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈
2.1. 㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛸䛿䠈
㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛸䛿䠈㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊㥑ື䛷㉮⾜䛩䜛஧㍯㌴䠈
䛺䛔䛧䛿㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䛜ேຊ䜢䜰䝅䝇䝖䛧䠈㌴య䛻ഛ䛘௜䛡
䛯䝨䝎䝹䜢㋃䜎䛺䛡䜜䜀㉮⾜䛷䛝䛺䛔஧㍯㌴䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᮏ✏䛷䛔䛖୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛿䠈୺䛻๓⪅䛾䝍䜲䝥䜢ᣦ
䛧䠈୰ᅜ䛷䛿㐠㌿චチ䛜ᚲせ䛺䛔㍍㌴୧䛾⠊ᅖ䛻ᒓ䛩䜒䛾
䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾ᇶᮏᵓ㐀䛿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾㌴య䜢㝖䛝䠈኱䛝䛟
3 䛴䛾䝁䜰㒊ศ䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛[2][3]䠊
䠄1䠅㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊
䠄2䠅⵳㟁ụ
䠄3䠅ไᚚᶵჾ䝅䝇䝔䝮
䠄1䠅 㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䠖
㻌 㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䛿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ᚰ⮚䛻႘䛘䜙䜜䛯
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
148
陳俊甫
⾲ 㻝㻌 㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏝䝞䝑䝔䝸䛾ᛶ⬟ẚ㍑㻌
㻌
㻌
䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊㻌
ᐦᗘ㻌
䝟䝽䞊㻌
ᐦᗘ㻌
䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊㻌
ຠ⋡㻌
䝃䜲䜽䝹㻌
䠄ᑑ࿨䠅㻌
䝷䝅᭷䜛䝍䜲䝥䛸䝤䝷䝅↓䛔䝍䜲䝥䠈ཬ䜃୕┦䝤䝷䝅
↓䛧┤ὶᆺ䛾䝍䜲䝥䛸䛔䛖୕✀㢮䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛺䛛䠈
㟁Ꮚ㒊ရ䝁䝇䝖䛾పୗ䛸ᛶ⬟䛾ྥୖ䛻䛸䜒䛺䛔䠈⌧ᅾ
䛷䛿䠈୕┦䝤䝷䝅↓䛧┤ὶᆺ䛾䝍䜲䝥䛜䜒䛳䛸䜒౑䜟
䜜䛶䛔䜛ไᚚᶵჾ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷䛒䜛[6]䠊
㖄㓟㻌
䝙䝑䜿䝹㻌
䝸䝏䜴䝮㻔㻸㻵㻮㻕㻌
40Wh/kg
80Wh/kg
100Wh/kg
130W/kg
200W/kg
1000W/kg
⣙ 65䠂
⣙ 90䠂
⣙ 99䠂
250-350 ᅇ
600-800 ᅇ
1000 ᅇ௨ୖ
⎔ቃởᰁ㻌
䛒䜚
䛒䜚
䛺䛧
Ᏻ඲ᛶ㻌
ඃ
Ⰻ
Ⰻ
2.2. 㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾≉ᚩ
䝸䝴䞊䝇㻌
97䠂
90䠂
䌦
᪂䛧䛔䝟䞊䝋䝘䝹䞉䝰䝡䝸䝔䜱䛸䛧䛶䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾≉ᚩ䛿
୺䛻ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺 2 Ⅼ䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊
➨୍䛻䠈䜺䝋䝸䞁⮬ື㌴䜔䜸䞊䝖䝞䜲䛻ẚ䜉䠈᤼Ẽ䜺䝇䛜
䛺䛟䠈⎔ቃ䛻ඃ䛧䛔䠊⵳㟁ụ䛾✀㢮䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈౛䛘䜀㖄㓟䝞
䝑䝔䝸䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈⎔ቃởᰁ䛜䛒䜛䛸୺ᙇ䛩䜛ㄽㄪ䜒䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛
䛧䠈䛭䛾ởᰁ䛿୺䛻䝞䝑䝔䝸䜢〇㐀䛩䜛᫬䛻⏕䛨䜛୍ḟⓗ䛺
䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈〇㐀䝯䞊䜹䛻䜘䜛〇㐀⎔ቃ䛾ᚭᗏⓗ⟶⌮䛸ᅇ
཰䞉෌ฎ⌮䛾䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾᏶ഛ䛜ᩚ䛘䜜䜀䠈〇ရ໬䛥䜜䛯㖄
㓟䝞䝑䝔䝸䛻䜘䜛஧ḟởᰁ䛾ᜍ䜜䛜䛺䛟䠈㏫䛻⧞䜚㏉䛧䝸䝴䞊
䝇ྍ⬟䛺䜶䝁〇ရ䛻䜒䛺䜚䛖䜛䛸䜒ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛯[8]䠊
➨஧䛻䠈ᑠᆺ஌⏝㌴䜔䜺䝋䝸䞁䜸䞊䝖䝞䜲䛻ẚ䜉䠈㟁ື⮬
㌿㌴䛿䜒䛳䛸䜒⤒῭ⓗ䛺▷㊥㞳⛣ືᡭẁ䛷䛒䜛䠊౛䛘䜀䠈
Weinert 䛸 Cherry[9]䛾ヨ⟬䛷䛿䠈㒔ᕷ஺㏻ᡭẁ䛾 1 䜻䝻
䛻ᙜ䛯䜛⇞ᩱ䛾⤒῭ᛶ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ᑠᆺ஌⏝㌴䛿䜺䝋䝸䞁䜸
䞊䝖䝞䜲䛾 2.7 ಸ䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾 7.3 ಸ䛾⇞㈝䜢ᚲせ䛸䛧䠈
䜺䝋䝸䞁䜸䞊䝖䝞䜲䛿㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾 2.7 ಸ䛾⇞ᩱ䜢㈝䜔䛧䛶
䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾⛣ືᡭẁ䛾䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䛻䛛䛛䜛㈝⏝䛻
䛚䛔䛶䜒䠈ᑠᆺ஌⏝㌴䛿䜺䝋䝸䞁䜸䞊䝖䝞䜲䛾 3.4 ಸ䠈㟁ື⮬
㌿㌴䛾 60 ಸ䛾㈝⏝䛜䛛䛛䜚䠈䜺䝋䝸䞁䜸䞊䝖䝞䜲䛿㟁ື⮬㌿
㌴䛾 17.5 ಸ䛾㈝⏝䜢ᚲせ䛸䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䠊
䜒䛱䜝䜣䠈䜒䛳䛸䜒⤒῭ⓗ䛺⛣ືᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶䠈ఏ⤫ⓗ䛺⮬
㌿㌴䜒䛒䜛䛜䠈㉮⾜㏿ᗘ䜔┬ຊ໬䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙⪃䛘䜜䜀䠈㟁
ື⮬㌿㌴䛿䠈ᅽಽⓗ䛺ඃ఩ᛶ䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊
ຍ䛘䛶䠈୰ᅜ䛷〇㐀䞉㈍኎䛥䜜䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛻䛿䠈኱䛝䛟
2 ✀㢮䛜䛒䜛䠊
䜂䛸䛴䛿䠈㏻⛠䛂㇦⳹ᆺ䛃䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛䝍䜲䝥䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾䝍䜲
䝥䛾୺䛺⏕⏘ᇶᆅ䛿䠈䛛䛴䛶䜺䝋䝸䞁䜸䞊䝖䝞䜲䛾᏶ᡂ㌴䝯
䞊䜹䜔㒊ရ䝯䞊䜹䛜㞟✚䛧䛶䛔䜛Ụ⸽┬↓㘏ᕷ࿘㎶䛸ύỤ
┬ྎᕞᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜛䠊
䜒䛖୍䛴䛿䠈㏻⛠䛂㍍౽ᆺ䛃䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈
୺䛻ఏ⤫ⓗ䛺⮬㌿㌴䛾⏘ᴗ㞟✚ᆅ䛷䛒䜛ኳὠᕷ࿘㎶ᆅᇦ
䛷〇㐀䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᅗ 2 䛿䠈୧䝍䜲䝥䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䛷䛒䜛䠊
ฟ඾䠖᭪⛃๛䠄2006䠅䠈㤿㈗㱟䜋䛛䠄2008䠅䜢ᇶ䛻సᡂ䠊
㒊ศ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾Ⰻ䛧ᝏ䛧䛿䠈┤᥋㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ရ
㉁䛻䛛䛛䜟䜛䠊㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏝䛾㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䛻䛿䠈
Watt Brushless Hub Motor䠈In-wheel motor䠈
Wheel hub motor䠈䛥䜙䛻䠈┤ὶ䛸஺ὶ䠈㧗㏿䛸ప
㏿䠈䝤䝷䝅䛾᭷䜛↓䛧䛻䜘䛳䛶䛔䛟䛴䛾✀㢮䛻ศ䛡䜙
䜜䜛䠊ᅗ䠍䛿䠈䛣䛾ศ㢮䜢♧䛩䛾䜒䛷䛒䜛䠊
㻌 2000 ᖺ䜎䛷䠈୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ከ䛟䛿䠈
Wheel hub motor 䛾┤ὶᆺ㧗㏿䝤䝷䝅᭷䜚䛾䝍䜲
䝥䜢᥇⏝䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊䛣䛾䝍䜲䝥䛾୺䛺㛗ᡤ䛿䠈㍍㔞䛷
ୖ䜚ᆏ䛾ᛶ⬟䛜㛗䛡䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䠊䛭䛧䛶㏫䛻䠈䛣䛾䝍䜲
䝥䛾▷ᡤ䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䠈䝰䞊䝍䞊⮬య䛾ᦶᦆྍ⬟ᛶ䛜
ẚ㍑ⓗ䛻㏿䛟䠈ᑑ࿨䛿኱య 1500 ᫬㛫䛟䜙䛔䛧䛛䜒䛳
䛯䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛸䛣䜝䛻䛒䜛[4]䠊
㻌 2000 ᖺ䛻ධ䛳䛶䛛䜙 Wheel hub motor 䛾┤ὶ
ᆺప㏿䝤䝷䝅᭷䜛䝍䜲䝥䛸䝤䝷䝅↓䛧䝍䜲䝥䛾ྎ㢌䛻
䜘䜚䠈୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䝰䞊䝍䞊ᕷሙ䛿䠈୕䛴ᕮ䛾
≧ែ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜⌧≧䛷䛒䜛䠊
䠄2䠅 ⵳㟁ụ䠖
㻌 ⵳㟁ụ䛿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ືຊ※䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾ရ㉁
䛜┤᥋ⓗ䛻㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾⥅⥆㉮⾜㊥㞳䛻ᙳ㡪䛩䜛䠊
㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛻౑⏝ྍ⬟䛺⵳㟁ụ䛿䠈୺䛻㖄㓟䝞䝑
䝔䝸䠈䝙䝑䜿䝹Ỉ⣲䝞䝑䝔䝸䠈䝸䝏䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁䝞䝑䝔䝸䛸
䛔䛖 3 䛴䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊
㻌 ⌧䛻䠈୰ᅜ䛷〇㐀䛥䜜䛯㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾⣙ 97.5䠂
䛿䠈㖄㓟䝞䝑䝔䝸䜢౑⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[5]䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈
⎔ቃởᰁ䜈䛾㓄៖䛛䜙䠈㏆ᖺ䛷䛿䠈䝸䝏䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁䝞
䝑䝔䝸䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛜┒䜣䛻⾜䜟䜜䠈୍㒊䛷䛿ᐇ⏝໬
䜒䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊
㻌 䛧䛛䛧䠈⌧≧䛷䛿䠈㖄㓟䝞䝑䝔䝸䛻ẚ䜉䠈䝸䝏䜴䝮䜲
䜸䞁䝞䝑䝔䝸䛾䝁䝇䝖ᑐ䝟䝣䜷䞊䝬䞁䝇ẚ䛜ᝏ䛔䛯䜑䠈
ᮏ᱁ⓗᬑཬ䛿䜎䛰᫬㛫䛜䛛䛛䜛䠊
㻌 ⾲ 1 䛿䠈䛣䛣䛷ゝཬ䛥䜜䛯୕✀㢮䛾䝞䝑䝔䝸䛾ᛶ⬟
ẚ㍑䜢♧䛩䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䠄3䠅 ไᚚᶵჾ䝅䝇䝔䝮䠖
㻌 㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ไᚚᶵჾ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛿䠈㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊
䛸⵳㟁ụ䛾ຠ⋡䠈┬䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ຠ⋡䜢㧗䜑䠈㟁ື⮬
㌿㌴䛜䝎䝯䞊䝆䜢ཷ䛡䛯㝿䛾ᦆയ⛬ᗘ䜢పῶ䛩䜛ᙺ
๭䜢ᯝ䛯䛩㔜せ䛺㒊ศ䛷䛒䜛䠊㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾㢌⬻䛸
䜒ゝ䜟䜜䜛䠊
㻌 ୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛷౑䜟䜜䜛ไᚚᶵჾ䛿䠈୺䛻䝤
㻌 㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾㉮⾜䛸䛣䛾୕䛴䛾䝁䜰㒊ศ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛿䠈䛩䛺
䜟䛱䠈⵳㟁ụ䛿ไᚚᶵჾ䜢⤒⏤䛧䛶㌴㍯ෆ䛻䛒䜛㟁ᶵ䝰䞊
䝍䞊䛻㟁ຊ䜢㏦䜚䠈㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䛾ᅇ㌿䜢㏻䛨䛶㟁ື⮬㌿
㌴䛜㉮⾜䛩䜛䠈䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛧䛶㏻ᖖ䠈ไᚚᶵჾ䝅䝇
䝔䝮䛿䠈㌴య䛻௜䝝䞁䝗䝹䛻䛴䛺䛞䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾㏿ᗘ➼
䜢ㄪᩚ䛩䜛䠊
3. ୰ᅜ㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾ᴫほ
୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾ጞ䜎䜚䛿䠈20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙䛻
䛥䛛䛾䜌䜛䠊
ᙜヱ⏘ᴗ䛾㤳ᖍᑓ㛛ᐙ䛷䛒䜛Ύ⳹኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㤿㈗㱟[10]
䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈ᙜヱ⏘ᴗ䛾㐍໬䝥䝻䝉䝇䜢኱䛝䛟 4 䛴䛾ẁ㝵䛻ศ
䛡䜙䜜䜛䠊◊✲㛤Ⓨẁ㝵䠄1980 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙䌦1993 ᖺ䠅䠈⏘ᴗ
໬䛾䛯䜑䛾㛤Ⓨẁ㝵䠄1994 ᖺ䌦1997 ᖺ䠅䠈ᕷሙᑟධ䛾ẁ㝵
䠄1998 ᖺ䌦2001䠅䠈⏘ᴗ໬✺ධ䛾ẁ㝵䠄2002 ᖺ䌦⌧ᅾ䠅䠈䛷
䛒䜛䠊
䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈グ㏙䛾⡆₩䛥䜢䜑䛦䛧䠈㤿㈗㱟[10]䛸୰ᅜ䛻䛚
中国の電動自転車産業に関する一考察 149
ᤩᏳ≉ /$)5(( 䝅䝸䞊䝈 7'3=
⥳※ YWP2-512BT
㍍౽ᆺ
㇦⳹ᆺ
ᅗ 㻞㻌 ㍍౽ᆺ䛸㇦⳹ᆺ㻌
䛡䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾⏕⏘ྎᩘ䛾᥎⛣䠄ᅗ 3䠅䜢ཧ⪃䛻䠈䛭䛾㐍
໬ྐ䜢኱䛝䛟ḟ䛾 3 䛴䛾᫬ᮇ䛻ศ㢮䛧⪃ᐹ䛩䜛[11]䠊
䠄1䠅ⴌⱆᮇ䠄1980 ᖺᚋ༙䌦1997 ᖺ䠅
䠄2䠅ᡂ㛗ᮇ䠄1998 ᖺ䌦2003 ᖺ䠅
䠄3䠅ㄪᩚᮇ䠄2004 ᖺ䌦⌧ᅾ䛻⮳䜛䠅
㻌 䛭䛧䛶䠈䛣䛾᫬䛻୰ᚰ䛸䛺䛳䛯䝸䞊䝕䜱䞁䜾䞉䜹䞁䝟䝙䞊䛿䠈
ᚑ᮶䛾ఏ⤫ⓗ䛺⮬㌿㌴኱ᡭ䝯䞊䜹䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈኱㝣㬀䠈༓㭯䠈
ጾኈ㐩䛸䛔䛖᪂⏕䛾௻ᴗ䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛸䜚䜟䛡䠈ጾኈ㐩䛿䠈Ύ⳹
኱Ꮫ䜾䝹䞊䝥䛾༠ຊ䛾䜒䛸䠈1996 ᖺ䛻㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ᑡ㔞
⏕⏘䛻ᡂຌ䛧䠈ᖺ㛫ᩘ༓ྎ䝨䞊䝇䛾ᾏእ㍺ฟ䜢ᯝ䛯䛧䛯䛾
䛷䛒䜛[10]䠊
3.1. ⴌⱆᮇ䠄1980䌦1997 ᖺ䠅
3.2. ᡂ㛗ᮇ䠄1998䌦2003 ᖺ䠅
㻌 ୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛿䠈1970 ᖺ௦䛻ጞ䜎
䛳䛯䠊1980 ᖺ௦䛾䛿䛨䜑䠈୰ᅜ䜢௦⾲䛩䜛኱ᡭ⮬㌿㌴䝯䞊
䜹୍䛷䛒䜛ୖᾏỌஂ䜔㬅ต䜢୰ᚰ䛻䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾◊✲㛤
Ⓨ䛸㈍኎䝤䞊䝮䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛧䛯[12]䠊
㻌 䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈ᙜ᫬䠈໭ி䜔ᗈᕞ䛺䛹୰ᅜከ䛟䛾኱㒔ᕷ䛷
䛿䠈㥑ື⿦⨨䜢䛴䛡䛯஧㍯㌴䛾㉮⾜䛜⚗䛨䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊䛭
䛾ୖ䠈ᆅᇦᨻᗓ䜔ఫẸ䛾䜶䝁ព㆑䜒㧗䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺
Ꮩ❧↓᥼䛾୰䠈䛭䜒䛭䜒㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䛸⵳㟁ụ䛾ᢏ⾡Ỉ‽
䛜䛭䜜䜋䛹㧗䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾䝤䞊䝮䛿䠈᪩䚻䛻ᖥ
䜢㛢䛨䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊
㻌 1985 ᖺ䛻䠈ୖᾏ⮬㌿㌴䛾➨஧ᕤሙ䠄ୖᾏ⮬㌿㌴஧ᘂ䠅䛿䠈
㟁ື⮬㌿㌴ DX-130 䛾㔞⏘໬䜢ᯝ䛯䛧䠈෌ᗘ㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾
ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ୡ䛻♧䛧䛯䛜䠈ᙜ᫬䛻౑䜟䜜䛯⵳㟁ụ䛾䜶䝛䝹䜼
䞊ẚ⋡䛿 37.5W/h 䛧䛛䛺䛟䠈䛛䛴ᐇ㉁ⓗ䛺㔜㔞䛿 11.5䡇䡃䜒
䛒䜛䛣䛸[13]䜔䠈㟁※ᢏ⾡䛾ᮍᡂ⇍䜔䜰䝣䝍䞊䝃䞊䝡䝇䛺䛹
䛾ㅖၥ㢟䛻䜘䜚䠈㔞⏘䛧䛯䜒䛾䛾䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾ᮏ᱁ⓗ
ᬑཬ䛻䛴䛺䛜䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯[14]䠊
㻌 䛭 䛾 ᚋ 䠈 Ύ ⳹ ኱ Ꮫ 䜾 䝹 䞊 䝥 䛜 1990 ᖺ 㡭 䛻 䠈 ⓒ 䜻 䝻
0.55kW/h 䛾䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛧䛛ᾘ㈝䛧䛺䛔༙㍈ᵓ㐀䛾㧗㏿
Hub motor 䜢ヨస䛧䠈䛭䛾ᛶ⬟䛸⠇㟁ຠᯝ䛜ᙜ᫬ᕷሙ䛷㈍
኎䛥䜜䛯ྛ✀䛾㥑ື᪉ᘧ䜘䜚ඃ䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢ド᫂䛧䛯[12]䠊
䛥䜙䛻䠈ྠ䜾䝹䞊䝥䛿䠈1994 ᖺ䛻 Printed hub motor 䛾◊
✲㛤Ⓨ䛻╔ᡭ䛧䠈⩣ᖺ䛻᏶ᡂ㌴䝯䞊䜹䛸ඹྠ䛷ヨస㌴䛵䛟䜚
䛻䝏䝱䝺䞁䝆䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈Printed hub motor 䜢㔞⏘䛩䜛䛯䜑
䛾ㅖ᮲௳䜢䜽䝸䜰䛧䛯[10]䠊
㻌 ௚᪉䠈ྠ᫬ᮇ䛻㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ືຊ※䛷䛒䜛⵳㟁ụ䛾㛤Ⓨ
䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䠈ᐦ㛢ᘧ䛷䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䝣䝸䞊䛾⵳㟁ụ䛾㛤Ⓨ䜔
⵳㟁ụ䛾඘㟁ᅇᩘ䛸ᑑ࿨➼䛾ຠ⋡ྥୖ䛺䛹䛾◊✲ᡂᯝ䜒
ୖ䛢䛶䛔䛯[14]䠊
㻌 䛣䜜䜙䛾㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䛸⵳㟁ụ䛾㐍Ṍ䜢ዎᶵ䛻䠈୰ᅜ䛾㟁
ື⮬㌿㌴䛿䠈DX-130 䛾ᕷሙ໬䛾୙᣺䛛䜙䛚䛚䜘䛭 13 ᖺ䛾
ṓ᭶䜢⤒䛶䠈䜒䛖୍ᗘᕷሙᑟධ䜈✺ධ䛩䜛‽ഛ䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊
㻌 ୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛻㛵䛩䜛ṇᘧ䛺⤫ィグ㘓䛿䠈1998 ᖺ
䛻ጞ䜎䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾ᖺ䜢ᙜヱ⏘ᴗ䛾ᮏ᱁ⓗ䛺ᬑཬ䛾㉳Ⅼ䛻䛧䠈
䛭䛾㐍໬䜢═䜑䜛䛸䠈䛣䛾ᡂ㛗ᮇ䛷≉䛻ὀ┠䛩䜉䛝ฟ᮶஦䛸
䛧䛶䠈୺䛻 2 䛴䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊
㻌 ➨୍䛿䠈ไᗘⓗ䞉ᨻ⟇ⓗ䝃䝫䞊䝖䛷䛒䜛䠊1998 ᖺ 12 ᭶䠈୰
ᅜ⮬㌿㌴༠఍䛜୰ᚰ䛻ไᐃ䛧䛯ᅜᐙつ᱁䛜୰ኸᨻᗓ䛻チ
ྍ䛥䜜䠈䛂ᅜᶆ GB17761-1999 㟁ື⮬㌿㌴㏻⏝ᢏ⾡᮲௳
䠄㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ඹ㏻ᢏ⾡᮲௳䠅䛃䛸䛔䛖ᅜᐙつ᱁ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛶䠈
1999 ᖺ䛻ṇᘧ䛻බᕸ䛥䜜䛯䠊䛣䛾つ᱁䛾䛺䛛䛷䛿䠈㟁ື⮬
㌿㌴㌴య䛾᭱኱㔜㔞䜢 40kg ௨ୗ䠈䝨䝎䝹䛾⿦╔䠈䝰䞊䝍
䞊䛾ᐃ᱁ฟຊ䛾ୖ㝈䜢 240W䠈᭱㧗᫬㏿䜢 20km/h ௨ෆ䛸
䛔䛖つᐃ䛜᫂グ䛥䜜䛯䠊䛣䛾ᅜᐙつ᱁䛾බᕸ䛿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿
㌴⏘ᴗ䛾ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ䛻᫂☜䛺ᇶ‽䜢ᥦ౪䛧䠈ᙜヱ⏘ᴗ䛾ᡂ
㛗䛻ᐤ୚䛧䛯䠊
㻌 䜎䛯䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛜䜒䛯䜙䛩⤒῭ຠᯝ䠈⎔ቃ㈇Ⲵ䠈ཬ䜃䜶
䝛䝹䜼䞊⠇⣙ୖ䛾ព⩏䜢ㄆ㆑䛧䛯ྛᆅ䛾ᆅᇦᨻᗓ䠄Ᏻᚯ䠈
Ụ⸽䠈ୖᾏ䠈ύỤ䠈ኳὠ䛺䛹䠅䜒䠈✚ᴟⓗ䛻㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾䝘
䞁䝞䞊䝥䝺䞊䝖䛾Ⓩ㘓䜢チྍ䛧䛯䜚䠈ᆅᇦෆ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴௻
ᴗ䜢ᨭ᥼䛧䛯䜚䛩䜛ᨻ⟇䜢ᡴ䛱ฟ䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈୰ᅜྛᆅ
ᇦ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜 20 ♫䛛䜙 40 ♫䜋䛹䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏕
⏘⪅䛜䠈㞵ᚋ䛾䝍䜿䝜䝁䛾䜘䛖䛻ḟ䚻䛸⌧䜜䛯[15]䠊
㻌 䛥䜙䛻䠈1988 ᖺ䛻බᕸ䛥䜜䛯㍍㌴୧䛻ືຊ⿦⨨䜢䛴䛡䛶
䛿䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛂㐨㊰஺㏻⟶⌮᮲౛䛃䜒䠈2003 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 28
᪥௜䛡䛾䛂୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ㐨㊰஺㏻Ᏻ඲ἲ䛃䛻ྲྀ䛳䛶௦䜟
䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾ἲ௧䛷䛿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾䜘䛖䛻ືຊ⿦⨨䜢䛴䛡䛯
᪂䛧䛔䝟䞊䝋䝘䝹䞉䝰䝡䝸䝔䜱䛷䜒䠈᪂䛧䛔ᅜᐙつ᱁ᇶ‽ෆ䛻
タィ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈㍍㌴୧䛸ぢ䛺䛩䛸᫂ᩥ໬䛥䜜䛯䠊
㻌 ➨஧䛿䠈䛣䛾᫬ᮇ䛻䛚䛡䜛୰ᅜ♫఍䛜┤㠃䛩䜛ᵝ䚻ኚ໬
䛷䛒䜛䠊౛䛘䜀䠈୰ᅜ䛾⤒῭Ⓨᒎ䛻క䛔䠈ከ䛟䛾኱㒔ᕷ䛻䛚
䛡䜛ఫẸ䛾⏕ά⾜ື⠊ᅖ䛜ᣑ኱䛧䠈⛣ື㊥㞳䛜ᚑ᮶䜘䜚㛗
䛟䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䠊୰ᅜே䛾ᖹᆒ᭶⤥䛿 1995 ᖺ䛾 500 ඖᮍ‶䛛
䜙 1200 ඖ௨ୖ䜈ಸቑ䛧䛯䛣䛸[16]䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈2003 ᖺ䛾
150
陳俊甫
3500
300
3000
250
2500
200
2000
150
1500
100
1000
50
500
0
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
⏕⏘ྎᩘ
㻌㻌㻌
ᡂ㛗⋡
ฟ඾䠖ኳὠᕷ⮬㌿㌴㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⾜ᴗ༠఍㈨ᩱ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟సᡂ䠊
ᅗ 㻟㻌 ୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾⏕⏘ྎᩘ䛾᥎⛣䠄㻝㻥㻥㻤䌦㻞㻜㻝㻝 ᖺ䠅㻌
SARS 䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䠈ከ䛟䛾ఫẸ䜔㏻໅䞉㏻Ꮫ᪘䛿බඹ஺
㏻ᶵ㛵䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢㑊䛡䠈௦䜟䜚䛻㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䜢㑅䜆䜘
䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䠈䛺䛹䛜䛒䛳䛯[17]䠊
㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺୍㐃䛾ไᗘ䞉ᨻ⟇ୖ䛾䝃䝫䞊䝖䛸䠈20 ୡ⣖䛻䛚
䛡䜛ே䚻䛾⎔ቃព㆑䛾ྥୖ䜔⇞ᩱ౯㢠䛾㧗㦐䠈ྍฎศᡤ
ᚓ䛾ྥୖ䠈ཬ䜃⫋ఫ⎔ቃ䛾ኚ໬䛸䛒䛔䜎䛳䛶䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴
䛿୰ᅜ䛷ᕷẸᶒ䜢ᚓ䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜚䠈╔ᐇ䛻ᡂ㛗䛾㐨䛾䜚䜢䛯
䛹䜚䛿䛨䜑䛯䠊
㻌 ຍ䛘䛶䠈䛣䛾᫬ᮇ䛻䛚䛡䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ᢏ⾡䛭䛾䜒䛾⮬
య䜒䠈኱ᖜ䛺๓㐍䜢ᡂ䛧㐙䛢䠈䛭䛾ᬑཬ䛻ᐤ୚䛧䛯䛣䛸䜒ぢ
㏨䛫䛺䛔䠊౛䛘䜀䠈Weinert[9]䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈1995 ᖺ䛛䜙 2000
䜎䛷䛾㛫䠈㟁ື䝰䞊䝍䞊䛾ຠ⋡䛿⣙ 6 ๭䜢ྥୖ䛧䠈⵳㟁ụ
䛾ᑑ࿨䛿⣙ 35䠂䜢ఙ䜃䛯䠊
㻌 䛣䛾㛫䛾ᡂ㛗䜆䜚䜢᫂☜䛻♧䛧䛯䛾䛿䠈1998 ᖺ䛛䜙 2003
ᖺ䜎䛷䛾 5 ᖺ㛫䛻䜟䛯䜛⏕⏘ྎᩘ䛾᥎⛣䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈
⤫ィ䝕䞊䝍䜢䜏䜛䛸䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ᖺ㛫⏕⏘ྎᩘ䛿䠈1998
ᖺ䛾 5.45 ୓ྎ䛛䜙䠈2001 ᖺ䛾 59 ୓ྎ䜈䠈䛥䜙䛻 2003 ᖺ
䛻䛿 399.7 ୓ྎ䜢᭷䛩䜛つᶍ䜈ᛴᣑ኱䛧䛯䠊䛭䛧䛶䠈䛭䛾ቑ
ຍ⋡䛿䠈୍㈏䛧䛶 200%௨ୖ䛸䛔䛖㧗䛔Ỉ‽䜢⥔ᣢ䛧䛶䛔䛯
䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
3.3. ㄪᩚᮇ䠄2004䌦⌧ᅾ䠅
㻌 2004 ᖺ䛻ධ䜚䠈୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴ᕷሙ䛿䠈䛥䜙䛻㣕㌍ⓗ
䛺ᡂ㛗䜢䜏䛫䛯䠊ᅗ 3 䛻♧䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈䛭䛾⏕⏘ྎᩘ䛿
2004 ᖺ䛾 675.7 ୓ྎ䛛䜙䠈2005 ᖺ䛻 1,211 ୓ྎ䠈2007 ᖺ
䛻 2,138 ୓ྎ䜈䠈䛥䜙䛻 2011 ᖺ䛻䛿䛴䛔䛻 3,096 ୓ྎ䛻
✺ධ䛧䛯䠊⏕⏘ྎᩘ䛾ቑຍ⋡䛷䜏䜛䛸䠈ᡂ㛗ᮇ䛻ຎ䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈
୍ᐃ䛾ᡂ㛗⋡䠄100䠂ྎ䠅䜢䜻䞊䝥䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠄ᅗ
3 䜢ཧ↷䠅䠊
㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛿㧗ᗘᡂ㛗ᮇ䛛䜙Ᏻ
ᐃⓗ䛺పᡂ㛗ᮇ䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱ᕷሙ䛾ㄪᩚᮇ䛻⛣䜚ኚ䜟䛳䛯䛸
ㄞ䜏ྲྀ䜜䜘䛖䠊
㻌 ㄪᩚᮇ䛻ධ䛳䛯㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛻䛿䠈䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾ືྥ䛜
ὀ┠䛻್䛩䜛䠊
㻌 ୍䛴䛿䠈ᴗ⏺䛾ᩚ⌮䛸෌⦅䛷䛒䜛䠊䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䠈1998 ᖺ㡭䠈
୰ᅜ඲య䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴௻ᴗ䛿㒊ရ䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䜢
ྵ䜑 100 ♫䛻䜒㊊䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈䛭䛾ᩘ䛿 10 ᖺᚋ䛾
2007 䛻䛿▐䛟㛫䛻 2445 ♫䜈⭾䜙䜣䛰[18]䠊䛭䛾୰䛻䠈᪥㞠
䛔䝞䜲䝖䛸⡆༢䛺ᕤල䠄䝗䝷䜲䝞䞊䠅䛰䛡䛷᧯ᴗ䛩䜛ᢞᶵⓗ䛺
㞽⣽௻ᴗ䜒ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯[19]䠊䛺䛬䛺䜙䜀䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛻
Ḟ䛛䛫䛺䛔㌴య䠈㟁ᶵ䝰䞊䝍䞊䠈⵳㟁ụ䠈ไᚚᶵჾ䝅䝇䝔
䝮䛺䛹䛾㒊ရ䝟䞊䝒䛿䠈䛩䜉䛶ᕷሙ䛷ㄪ㐩䛷䛝䜛䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈⏕⏘ྎᩘ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䠈ᅗ 3 䛻♧䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈1998 ᖺ
䛛䜙 2007 ᖺ䜎䛷⣙ 370 ಸ䛻⭾䜙䜣䛷䛔䛯䠊
㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᛴ⃭䛺つᶍᣑ኱䛿䠈ᐇ㝿䛾ᕷሙ㟂せ䛸䛛䛡㞳䜜
䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈ᕷሙ㣬࿴䛻䜘䜛౪⤥㐣๫䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈
ྠᴗ⪅㛫䛾⇚Ⅿ䛺➇த䛾⤖ᯝ䠈ᴗ⏺ෆ䛻䛚䛡䜛㞽⣽௻ᴗ
䛾Ὲử䜔௻ᴗ㛫ྜే䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛧䛯䠊
㻌 䜒䛖୍䛴䛿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ᅜᐙつ᱁䜢䜑䛠䜛ㄽத䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ᬑཬ䛻క䛔䠈䝴䞊䝄䛾㟂せ䛻ᛂ䛘䠈
䛛䛴䜘䜚㨩ຊⓗ䛺ၟရ䜢ぢ䛫䛴䛡䜛䛯䜑䠈1999 ᖺ䛻ไᐃ䛥
䜜䛯ᅜᐙつ᱁䛾᭱㧗㏿ᗘ䛺䛹䜢㉸䛘䛯〇ရ䛿䠈ᕷሙ䛻⁄䜜䠈
㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛻㉳ᅉ䛩䜛஺㏻஦ᨾ䜒ከⓎ䛧䛯䠊
㻌 䛣䛖䛧䛯≧ἣ䛻ᑐ䛧䠈ᙜᒁ䛿䠈䛂㟁ືᦶᡸ㌴࿴㟁ື㍍౽ᦶ
ᡸ㌴㏻⏝ᢏ⾡᮲௳䠄㟁ື䜸䞊䝖䝞䜲䛸㟁ື㍍౽䜸䞊䝖䝞䜲䛾
ඹ㏻ᢏ⾡᮲௳䠅䛃䜢බᕸ䛧䠈䜘䜚ཝ᱁䛺⟶⌮䛻஌䜚ฟ䛭䛖䛸䛧
䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈䛣䛾᪂䛧䛔ᅜᐙつ᱁䛾タᐃᇶ‽䛜ཝ䛧䛟䠈
ἲ௧䛜ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䜜䜀䠈⣙ 1000 ♫䛾᏶ᡂ㌴䝯䞊䜹䠈⣙ 6000
♫䛾䝃䝥䝷䜲䝲䞊䠈䛥䜙䛻䛿䛚䛚䜘䛭 10 ୓㌺䛾௦⌮㈍኎ᗑ
䛜ಽ⏘䛻㏣䛔㎸䜎䜜䜛ᜍ䜜䛜䛒䜚䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛻Ⳙ኱
䛺ᡴᧁ䜢䜒䛯䜙䛩䛷䛒䜝䛖䛸ヨ⟬䛥䜜䛯[20]䠊䛴䜎䜚䠈ᮏ᮶㟁
ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾Ⓨᒎ䛻ᐤ୚䛧䠈ᕷሙ䜢ཝ᱁䛻⟶⌮䛧䛴䛴䠈
〇ရ䛾ከᵝ໬䜢ಁ䛩䛿䛪䛾᪂䛧䛔ἲ௧䛿䠈㏫䛾ຠᯝ䜢䜒䛯
䜙䛧䛛䛽䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛[21][22]䠊
㻌 ワ䜎䜛䛸䛣䜝䠈䛣䛾ἲ௧䛿බᕸ䛥䜜䛶䜎䜒䛺䛟ᐇ᪋୰Ṇ䛻㏣
䛔㎸䜎䜜䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䠊ᮏ✏䜢ᇳ➹䛩䜛᫬Ⅼ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䛣䛾ㄽ
த䛿䜎䛰Ỵ╔䜢䛴䛔䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊௒ᚋ䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛸䛔䛖᪂䛧
䛔ᕷሙ䛾ᡂ㛗䜢ᦆ䛺䜟䛪䠈䛛䛴㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛸㟁ື䜸䞊䝖䝞
䜲䛸䛾᳇䜏ศ䛡䛿䠈኱䛝䛺ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶ṧ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
中国の電動自転車産業に関する一考察 151
㻌 䜐䜝䜣䠈䛣䛾ㄪᩚᮇ䛻䛚䛡䜛᪂䛯䛺ᢏ⾡㠉᪂䛾ື䛝䛻䜒ὀ
┠䛩䜉䛝䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊≉➹䛻್䛩䜛䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶䠈㖄㓟䝞䝑䝔䝸䛸䝸
䝏䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁䝞䝑䝔䝸䛾ື䛝䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊
㻌 㖄㓟䝞䝑䝔䝸䛻䜘䜛⎔ቃởᰁ䛾ၥ㢟䛜ᥦ㉳䛥䜜䛶䛛䜙䠈୰
ᅜ䛷䛿〇㐀᫬䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈౑⏝ᚋ䛾㖄㓟䝞䝑䝔䝸䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒
䜘䜚ཝ᱁䛻⟶⌮䛧䠈䛭䛾䝸䝴䞊䝇䜢䛿䛛䜝䛖䛸䠈〇㐀䝯䞊䜹䛸㈍
኎⪅䠈ཬ䜃䝴䞊䝄䛜୍య䛸䛺䜛ᅇ཰䝅䝇䝔䝮䛜ᥦ᱌䛥䜜䠈᪂
ᪧ䝞䝑䝔䝸䛾஺᥮䜔ྂ䛔䝞䝑䝔䝸䜢䜒䛳䛶᪂䛧䛔䝞䝑䝔䝸䜢㉎
ධ䛩䜛㝿䛾๭ᘬไᗘ䛺䛹䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
㻌 ௚᪉䠈䝸䝏䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁䝞䝑䝔䝸䜒㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛻ᐇ⿦䛥䜜䛯䠊
䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈⌧≧䛷䛿䝸䝏䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁䝞䝑䝔䝸䛿䠈㖄㓟䝞䝑䝔
䝸䜘䜚 600 ඖ䜋䛹㧗䛟䠈2006 ᖺ䛛䜙 2010 ᖺ䜎䛷䛾 5 ᖺ㛫䛻
䛚䛡䜛ᅜෆᕷሙཬ䜃㍺ฟᕷሙ䜢ྵ䜑䠈䛭䛾ᬑཬ⋡䠄2006 ᖺ
5 ୓ྎ䠈2010 ᖺ 40.2 ୓ྎ䠅䛜⦆៏䛷䛒䜛[23]䠊
㻌 䛥䜙䛻䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䛾᭦䛺䜛㐍໬䜢᥎䛧䛩䛩䜑䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈
ኳὠᕷ⮬㌿㌴㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⾜ᴗ༠఍䛿䠈䜘䜚㍍䛟䠈䜘䜚ᢏ⾡ⓗ
䛻⢭⣽䞉⢭ᐦ䛷䠈䜘䜚タィ䛾䝣䜯䝑䝅䝵䞁ᛶ䛜㧗䛟䠈䜘䜚㧗௜ຍ
౯್䛸䛔䛖䛂㍍䠈⢭䠈ᕦ䠈㧗䛃䛾〇ရ䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾᪉ྥᛶ䜢
ᡴ䛱ฟ䛧䛯䠊䛭䛧䛶䠈䛣䛾᪉㔪䛻ྥ䛡䛶䠈ᙜヱ༠఍䛿⮬䜙୰
ᚰ䛸䛺䜚䠈௻ᴗ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝬䜾䝛䝅䜴䝮ྜ㔠䠈Ⅳ⣲⧄⥔➼䛾◊
✲㛤Ⓨ䜢ᨭ᥼䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊⌧ᅾ䛷䛿䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾ᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨ䛛䜙୍
ᐃ䛾ᡂᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䠈㔞⏘యไ䛻ධ䜚䛿䛨䜑䛯[24]䠊
グ䛾ㄢ㢟䜢䛥䜙䛻᥀䜚ୗ䛢䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊䛸䜚䜟䛡
⏘ᴗ䝺䝧䝹䛾ศᯒ䛻䛸䛹䜎䜙䛪䠈䜘䜚୍Ṍ㐍䜣䛷௻ᴗ䝺䝧䝹
䛾ศᯒ䛻㋃䜏㎸䜐ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊
䛣䜜䜙䜢௒ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶䠈䛥䜙䛻◊✲䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䛝䛯䛔䠊
ㅰ㎡䠖㻌
㻌 ᮏ◊✲䜢㐍䜑䜛䛻ᙜ䛯䛳䛶䠈୰ᅜኳὠᕷ⮬㌿㌴㟁ື⮬㌿
㌴⾜ᴗ༠఍⌮஦㛗嗊Ꮥ⇩Ặ䠈㇂⳹Ặ䠈Ụ⸽┬⮬㌿㌴㟁ື
⮬㌿㌴⾜ᴗ༠఍୺௵Ᏽ㔠ⱁẶ䛛䜙ከ኱䛺䛤ᨭ᥼䜢㡬䛔䛯䠊
䛣䛾ሙ䜢೉䜚䛶ㅰព䜢⏦䛧ୖ䛢䜛䠊
㻌 䛺䛚䠈ᮏ◊✲䛿䠈᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠ⱝᡭ
◊✲䠄B䠅䠄ㄢ㢟␒ྕ䠖22730299䠅䛾ᨭ᥼䜢ཷ䛡䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈
ᮏ✏䛿䛭䛾◊✲ᡂᯝ䛾୍㒊䛷䛒䜛䠊
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
4. 䜎䛸䜑䛸௒ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟
୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾㐍໬䛿䠈䜎䛰⥆䛔䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈⤫ィ䝕䞊䝍䛸Ṕྐⓗ䛺㔜せฟ᮶஦䜢୰ᚰ䛻䠈㟁
ື⮬㌿㌴䛾ᒎ㛤䜢䝬䜽䝻ⓗ䛺どⅬ䛷ᴫほ䛧䛶䜏䛶䛝䛯䠊䛣䜜
䜎䛷䛾グ㏙䛛䜙䠈୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾㐍໬䛿䠈
ḟ䛾 2 Ⅼ䛻῝䛟㛵䜟䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊
୍䛴䛿䠈㠀ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛺せᅉ䛾ᙺ๭䛷䛒䜛䠊䛴䜎䜚䠈ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛺
せᅉ䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈㐣ཤ஧ᅇ䛾䝤䞊䝮᫬䛻ẚ䜉䠈௒᪥䛾㟁ື⮬
㌿㌴䛾ᡂ㛗䜢䜒䛯䜙䛧䛯➨୕ḟ䝤䞊䝮䛾ᙜึ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈
ᢏ⾡ⓗỈ‽䛜኱ᖜ䛻ྥୖ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛾䠈౫↛䛸䛧䛶ᵝ䚻䛺
ㄢ㢟䜢ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜ᐇ᝟䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛭䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈䛣䛾㛫
䛻኱䛝䛟ኚ䜟䛳䛯䛾䛿䠈ୡ⏺඲య䛻䛚䛡䜛⎔ቃព㆑䛾ྥୖ䠈
୰ᅜ♫఍䛻䛚䛡䜛⫋ሙ䛸ఫᏯ䛸䛾㛫䛾㊥㞳䛾ኚ໬䠈䛥䜙䛻
䛿஌⏝㌴䛜㧗䛟䛶㉎ධ䛷䛝䛺䛔䠈බඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵䛾฼⏝䛜㠃
ಽ䛷᫬㛫䛜䛛䛛䜛䠈䛸䛔䛖୰ᅜ♫఍䛻䛚䛡䜛ᅛ᭷ⓗ䛺஦᝟
䛷䛒䜛䠊
䜒䛖୍䛴䛿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾ᡂ㛗䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛ᵝ䚻䛺ไ
ᗘⓗ䛺ᨭ᥼䛷䛒䜛䠊౛䛘䜀䠈1999 ᖺ䛾ᅜᐙつ᱁䛾බᕸ䠈
2003 ᖺ䛻䛚䛡䜛㐨㊰஺㏻⟶⌮᮲౛䛾ᨵᐃ䠈ཬ䜃ྛᆅᇦᨻ
ᗓ䛾ಖㆤ䞉ಁ㐍⟇䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈ㄪᩚᮇ䛾㆟ㄽ䛷䜒
ぢ䛶䛝䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈ไᗘⓗ䛺ᨭ᥼䛿ㅖล䛾๢䛷䛒䜛䠊䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈
ཝ᱁䛺⟶⌮䛜䛺䛡䜜䜀䠈ᕷሙ䛜ΰ஘䛩䜛䛜䠈つไ䛜ཝ䛧䛩
䛞䜜䜀䠈⏘ᴗⓎᒎ䛾ጉ䛢䛻䛺䜛䠈䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊
௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛺⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䠈୰ᅜ䛾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾㐍໬䛻
㝈䛳䛶ゝ䛘䜀䠈ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛺せᅉ䛿⏘ᴗ㐍໬䜢᥎㐍䛩䜛ᚲせ᮲
௳䛷䛒䜚䠈༑ศ᮲௳䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊⏘ᴗ㐍໬䜢ಁ䛩ไᗘ䠈ཬ䜃䛭
䛾᫬䚻䛾᫬ໃ䛣䛭䠈⏘ᴗ㐍໬䜔♫఍䛻䛚䛡䜛䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁
ᡂᯝ䛾ᐃ╔䛻㔜せ䛺ᙺ๭䜢ᯝ䛯䛩䠈䛸⤖ㄽ䛵䛡䜙䜜䜘䛖䠊
䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈䛣䜜䛿ᮏ✏䛾ᬻᐃⓗ䛺⤖ㄽ䛷䛧䛛䛺䛟䠈௬
ㄝ䛾ᇦ䜢ฟ䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛺䛬䛺䜙䜀䠈ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛
㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾㐍໬䛻䛒䜛ᢏ⾡䛾Ⓨᒎ⤒㊰䛻㛵䛩䜛≉
ᚩ䜔,䛭䛾㐍໬䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻₯ᅾ䛩䜛▩┪䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈Ṥ䛹
ゎ᫂䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠊
࿘▱䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ຊ䛸〇ရ㛤Ⓨຊ䛿䠈୍ᮅ୍ኤ䛷
ᡂ䛧㐙䛢䜙䜜䜛䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊᪤Ꮡ◊✲䜢⿵᏶䛧䠈୰ᅜ䛾㟁
ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾ᡂຌ䛛䜙᭷┈䛺▱ぢ䜢ᘬ䛝ฟ䛩䛯䜑䛻䠈ୖ
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
ጒᑿሀ୍㑻䠈ᢏ⾡ຊ䛷຾䜛᪥ᮏ䛜䠈䛺䛬஦ᴗ䛷㈇䛡䜛䛾䛛䠈
䝎䜲䝲䝰䞁䝗♫䠈2009䠊
၈⸽ள䠈䇾ಶே஺㏻ᕤලⓗ᪂ᴫᛕ䌦㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䇿䠈㟁ᶵᢏ⾡䠈
No.2䠈pp.46-47䠈1999䠊
၈⸽ள䠈䇾ᡃᅜ㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾Ⓨᒎ⌧≧䇿䠈㟁ᶵᢏ⾡䠈
No.2䠈pp.39-43䠈2004䠊
㤿㈗㱟䠈䇾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴㥑ື᪉ᘧἲ᱌⥈㏙䇿䠈㟁ჾᕤᴗ䠈Vol.6䠈
pp.5-7䠈2002.
㤿୰㉸䠈䇾Ἴᢡ୰๓⾜䠈☗᧐୰Ⓨᒎ䇿䠈ᅾ 2011䌦2012 ᖺ඲ᅜ
㟁ື⮬㌿㌴ရ∩⤒㖽ၟᓠ఍ᭉ⾜ᴗⓎᒎ㊅ໃ◊ウ఍ୖ䛾ㅮ
ヰ䠈Ụ⸽┬⮬㌿㌴㟁ື⮬㌿㌴༠఍㈨ᩱ䠈pp1-6䠈2012.
᭪⛃๛䠈䇾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴ᢏ⾡᪂㐍ᒎ䇿䠈㟁※ᢏ⾡ᛂ⏝䠈Vol.10,
No.6, pp.6-11, 2007䠊
㤿㈗㱟䠈Ꮮᘏඛ䠈ႛᓠ⳹䠈䇾♃㓟㕲㗨㟁ụⓗⓎᒎ䇿䠈୰ᅜ⮬
㌿㌴䠈No.11, pp.24-28, 2008䠊
㤿㈗㱟䠈䇾㖄㓟㟁ụⓗ㐣ཤ䠈⌧ᅾ࿴ᮍ᮶䇿䠈୰ᅜ⮬㌿㌴䠈
No.6䠈pp.10-11䠈2009䠊
J. Weinert., C. Ma., and C. Cherry, “The transition to
electric bike in China: history and key reasons for rapid
growth,” Transportation, Vol.34, pp.301-318, 2007.
㤿㈗㱟䠈䇾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴ⓗṔྐ㐍⛬䇿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䠈➨ 1 ᮇ䠈
pp.48-49䠈2006䠊
䛣䛣䛷♧䛥䜜䛯⤫ィ䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈ኳὠᕷ⮬㌿㌴㟁ື⮬㌿㌴༠
఍䛾ෆ㒊㈨ᩱ䛻౫ᣐ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
㯤㟹㐲䠈䇾㟁ື⮬㌿㌴ⓗⓎᒎṔྐཬᕷሙ๓ᬒⰍᒎᮃ䇿䠈㟁Ẽ
᫬௦䠈No.9, pp.11-13, 1999.
Ᏽ ⓒ ௧ 䠈䇾 㟁 ື ⮬ ㌿ ㌴ Ⓨ ᒎ ὸ ㄯ 䇿 䠈୰ ᅜ ⮬ ㌿ ㌴ 䠈 Vol.3 䠈
pp.18-19, 1989.
၈⸽ள䠈䇾ಶே஺㏻ᕤලⓗ᪂ᴫᛕ䌦㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䇿䠈㟁ᶵᢏ⾡䠈
No.2, pp.46-47, 1999.
ၟ ᅜ ⳹ 䠈 䇾 㟁 ື ⮬ ㌿ ㌴ ๓ ⛬ ⍳ ⎎ 䇿 䠈 ᦶ ᡸ ㌴ ᢏ ⾡ 䠈 No.8 䠈
pp.20-22, 2000.
㥖ᙧဴဢ䠈୰ᅜ䛾⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䠖➨ 5 ❶⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ䛾Ⓨᒎ᪉
ྥ䠈៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈pp.195-238, 2011.
ыᮌ䠈䇾㜵㠀඾ᾘ㈝⪅㟷╤୧㍯㌴䇿䠈୰ᅜ⮬㌿㌴䠈Vol.5,
pp.6-7, 2003.
ኳὠᕷ⮬㌿㌴㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⾜ᴗ༠఍ෆ㒊㈨ᩱ䛻䜘䜛䠊
㒌 ຊ ᩥ 䠈䇾 㟁 ື⮬ ㌿ ㌴Ⓨ ᒎ ⓗᡓ␎ ᛮ ⪃䇿 䠈୰ ᅜ⮬ ㌿ ㌴ 䠈
No.11䠈pp.9-11, 2005.
๽㬅᱈䠈䇾㐣൨㉸ᶆ㟁ື⮬㌿㌴ཤ␃䇿䠈୰ᅜ⤒῭㐌ห䠈6 ᭶
20 ᪥ྕ䠈pp.60-62, 2011 ᖺ䠊
㑢⣖㦟䠈䇾ㄯ㟁ᦶᢏ⾡ᶆ‽ฟྎᑐ㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ㔚ᨺⓗἈ
ᧁ࿴ᶵ㐝䠄䠍䠅䇿䠈୰ᅜ⮬㌿㌴䠈No.12, pp.2-5, 2009.
㑢⣖㦟䠈䇾ㄯ㟁ᦶᢏ⾡ᶆ‽ฟྎᑐ㟁ື⮬㌿㌴⏘ᴗ㔚ᨺⓗἈ
ᧁ࿴ᶵ㐝䠄2䠅䇿䠈୰ᅜ⮬㌿㌴䠈No.12, pp.13-17, 2010.
㔠㞼䠈䇾㗨㟁䠈୚ᮍ᮶┦㐃䇿䠈㟁ື⮬㌿㌴䠈No.5, pp.18-19,
2011.
嗊Ꮥ⇩䠈䇾ᡴ㐀ኳὠᙧ㇟⏘ရ䠈ᐇ⌧⏘ᴗ஧ḟ຾㣕䇿䠈㟁ື⮬
㌿㌴䠈No.1, pp.10-13, 2011.
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.153－158 （2012） 〔研究速報〕
φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺Λ༻͍ͨࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬ͷ
໨ඪ஋ੜ੒ʹର͢ΔҰߟ࡯
ଜɹඌɹढ़ɹ޾ ∗ ɾՏɹ߹ɹ޺ɹ೭ ∗∗
A Study on Path Planning for Visual Feedback Control
via Navigation Function
Toshiyuki Murao∗ and Hiroyuki Kawai∗∗
Abstract
This paper investigates passivity-based pose control via a navigation function for three-dimensional (3D) eye-in-hand visual feedback systems. Firstly, we describe the representation of a relative pose and
a camera model. Next, a passivity-based stabilizing pose control law for the 3-D visual motion error
system which the time-varying desired pose can be applied to is proposed. Moreover, a path planner to
be appropriate for the visual motion error system is designed through a navigation function. Finally,
we present simulation results in order to verify the validity of the proposed control scheme.
Keywords: visual feedback control, navigation function, passivity, stability
1. ͸͡Ίʹ
໨ඪର৅ͱ‫΁ )Ϳݺ‬ͷ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎Λ΋ͱʹೖྗΛ༩͑Δ੍
‫ޚ‬ख๏ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ͕ɼ௨ৗͷҐஔϕʔε๏͕֤࣌఺ʹ͓
Camera
͚Δ੩తͳը૾৘ใΛ༻͍ͯ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎Λਪఆ͢Δͷʹ
5c
ରͯ͠ɼಈ͖ͷϞσϧΛ༻͍ͯҐஔ࢟੎Λਪఆ͠ɼ͔ͭडಈ
gco
ੑΛ޼Έʹѻ͏͜ͱʹΑΓਪఆͱ੍‫ޚ‬Λ‫ؚ‬Ίͨશମͷ҆ఆ
gwc
ੑʹ͍ͭͯٞ࿦͢Δͱ͍͏఺Ͱ৽੍͍͠‫ޚ‬Ξϓϩʔνͱͳͬ
͍ͯΔ. ͜ͷडಈੑʹ‫֮ࢹͮ͘ج‬ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬ͷख๏
Target
Object
5o
gwo
5w
World Frame
Fig. 1 Visual feedback system with an eye-in-hand
configuration.
ۙ೥ɼࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬͸·͢·͢੝Μʹ
ߦΘΕ͓ͯΓɼ޻৔͚ͩͰͳ͘ΑΓෳࡶͳγεςϜ΍෯޿
͍෼໺΁΋ద༻͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ͖͍ͬͯͯΔ [1, 2]ɽதͰ΋
গࢠߴྸԽࣾձΛܴ͑Δ೔ຊʹ͓͍ͯඞཁෆՄܽͱ͞ΕΔ
ҩྍ෼໺Ͱ͸ɼࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ʹޚ‬ΑΔෲߢ‫ڸ‬ͷ੍
‫[ ޚ‬3] ΍௒Ի೾୳৮ࢠͷ੍‫[ ޚ‬4] ͳͲ͕ɼ·ͨੜ໋Պֶͷ෼
໺Ͱ͸ɼࡉ๔஫ೖ [5] ͳͲͷԠ༻‫ߦ͕ڀݚ‬ΘΕ͍ͯΔɽ
ࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬ଇ͸ɼैདྷΑΓೋͭͷ੍‫ํޚ‬๏ͱ
ೋͭͷΧϝϥߏ଄ʹେผͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕Α͘஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ͢
ͳΘͪɼ੍‫ํޚ‬๏͸Ґஔϕʔε๏ͱը૾ϕʔε๏ɼΧϝϥߏ
଄͸Χϝϥ͕ϋϯυͷखઌʹऔΓ෇͚ΒΕͨ Eye-in-Hand
ߏ଄ͱɼ‫ݻ‬ఆΧϝϥߏ଄ͱ΋‫ݴ‬ΘΕΔΧϝϥͱϋϯυ͕ผʑ
ʹ഑ஔ͞Εͨ Eye-to-Hand ߏ଄Ͱ͋Δ [1, 2]ɽจ‫[ ݙ‬6] ͸ɼ
Ґஔϕʔε๏ͷΑ͏ʹΧϝϥ͔Β໨ඪͱͳΔର৅෺ (ҎԼɼ
͸ɼEye-in-Hand ߏ଄ [6] ͚ͩͰͳ͘, Eye-to-Hand ߏ଄
[7] ʹରͯ͠΋ಉ༷ͷΞϓϩʔνͰ੍‫ޚ‬ଇΛఏҊͰ͖Δɽ
ຊ࿦จͰ͸ɼFig. 1 Ͱࣔ͢ Eye-in-Hand γεςϜͷड
ಈੑʹ‫֮ࢹͮ͘ج‬ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫[ ޚ‬6] ʹର͢Δ໨ඪ஋
ੜ੒ख๏ʹ͍ͭͯٞ࿦͢ΔɽஶऀΒ͸จ‫[ ݙ‬8] ʹͯɼৗʹো
֐෺͕‫͍ͯ͑ݟ‬Δͱ͍͏Ծఆͷ΋ͱɼΧϝϥ͔ΒಘΒΕΔ
ࢹ֮৘ใΛ༻͍ͯো֐෺ΛճආͰ͖ΔΑ͏ͳ໨ඪ஋ੜ੒ख
๏ΛφϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰఏҊ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͠
͔࣮͠γεςϜʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼશํҐΧϝϥ౳Λ༻͍ͳ͍‫ݶ‬
ΓɼΧϝϥ͕ো֐෺Λճආͨ͠‫ޙ‬͸ো֐෺͕‫ͳ͘ͳ͑ݟ‬Δ
͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ɽͦ͜Ͱຊ࿦จͰ͸ɼো֐෺Λ͔Θͨ͠‫੾ʹޙ‬
Γସ͑ΔͨΊͷ໨ඪ஋ੜ੒ख๏ʹ͍ͭͯఏҊ͢Δɽ۩ମత
ʹ͸ɼো֐෺Λճආͨ͠‫ޙ‬͸࠶ͼͦͷো֐෺ʹ͸িಥ͠ͳ
͍ͱ͍͏ԾఆΛ͓͖ɼΧϝϥ͕͋Δ࡞‫ۀ‬ൣғ಺͔Β֎ʹग़
Δ͜ͱͳ͘࠷ऴ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎΁ऩଋ͢Δ͜ͱͷΈΛ໨తͱ
ͨ͠໨ඪ஋ੜ੒ख๏ΛఏҊ͢Δɽ
ຊ࿦จͷߏ੒͸ҎԼͷͱ͓ΓͰ͋Δɽ2 અͰ͸ɼैདྷ‫ڀݚ‬
[6] ͰఏҊ͍ͯ͠Δ Eye-in-Hand ߏ଄ͷ 3 ࣍‫֮ࢹݩ‬ϑΟʔ
υόοΫ੍‫͍ͯͭʹޚ‬ड़΂Δɽ3 અͰ͸ɼ2 અͰड़΂੍ͨ‫ޚ‬
Received on October 22, 2012.
∗ ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ, ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़‫ڀݚ‬Պ, School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
∗∗ ۚ୔޻‫ۀ‬େֶ, ޻ֶ෦, College of Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology
154
村尾俊幸
ͷͨΊͷ໨ඪ஋ੜ੒ख๏ʹ͍ͭͯٞ࿦͢Δɽ4 અͰγϛϡ
Ϩʔγϣϯ݁ՌΛࣔͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ࠷‫ ʹޙ‬5 અͰ·ͱΊΛ͓͜ͳ͏ɽ
2. डಈੑʹ‫҆ͮ͘ج‬ఆԽࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬
2.1. ߶ମӡಈͷද‫ͱݱ‬ΧϝϥϞσϧ
ຊ࿦จͰ͸ɼFig. 1 ʹࣔ͢Α͏ͳɼࡾͭͷ࠲ඪ‫ʹܥ‬Αͬ
ͯද͞ΕΔ Eye-in-Hand ߏ଄ͷࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫγε
ςϜʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑Δɽ‫ج‬४ͱ͢Δ࠲ඪ‫جͯ͠ͱܥ‬४࠲ඪ‫ܥ‬
Σw ɼΧϝϥʹΧϝϥ࠲ඪ‫ ܥ‬Σc ɼ໨ඪର৅ʹ໨ඪର৅࠲ඪ
‫ ܥ‬Σo Λఆٛ͢Δɽ·ͨɼ೚ҙͷೋͭͷ࠲ඪ‫ ܥ‬Σa ͔Β Σb
ͷҐஔ pab ∈ R3 ͱ࢟੎Λද͢ճసߦྻ eξ̂θab ∈ SO(3) Λ
ཁૉʹ࣋ͭಉ࣍ද‫ ݱ‬gab ΛҎԼͷΑ͏ʹఆٛ͢Δɽ
eξ̂θab pab
gab =
(1)
∈ R4×4
0
1
ͨͩ͠ɼԋࢉࢠ ∧(wedge) ͸ 3 ࣍‫ݩ‬ϕΫτϧΛ 3 × 3 ͷ࿪
ରশߦྻ΁ࣸ૾͢ΔԋࢉࢠͰ͋Γɼͦͷ‫૾ࣸٯ‬͸ ∨(vee) Ͱ
ఆٛ͞ΕΔ [9]ɽ
ը૾ಛ௃ྔΛ fcoi := [fcoxi fcoyi ]T ͱఆٛ͢Δͱɼಛ௃
ྔ͸ಁࢹม‫׵‬Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰɼ
xcoi
λ
fcoi =
zcoi
ycoi
Ͱද͞ΕΔɽ ͨͩ͠ɼλ ∈ R ͸Χϝϥͷয఺‫͋Ͱ཭ڑ‬Γɼ
pcoi ͷ֤ཁૉΛ pcoi = [xcoi ycoi zcoi ]T ͱͯ͠දͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ
T
T T
fcoi Λॎʹฒ΂ͨϕΫτϧ fco = [fco1
· · · fco4
] ∈ R2m
͕࣮ࡍʹΧϝϥ͔ΒಘΒΕΔࢹ֮৘ใͱͳΔɽ
2.2. ࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫภࠩγεςϜ
ҰൠతͳҐஔϕʔε๏ͷࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫγεςϜͷ
੍‫ޚ‬໨త͸ɼΧϝϥ࠲ඪ‫ ܥ‬Σc ͔ΒΈͨ໨ඪର৅࠲ඪ‫ ܥ‬Σo
ͷ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎ gco Λ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ gcd ʹৗʹҰகͤͯ͞
͓͘͜ͱͰ͋Δɽͨͩ͠ɼ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ gcd ͸࣌มͱ͢Δ
͕ɼ࣮γεςϜΛߟྀʹೖΕɼ࠷ऴ஋͸Ұఆ஋ͱ͢Δɽ੍
‫ޚ‬ଇΛߏ੒͢Δʹ͋ͨΓ gco Λ௚઀ಘΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͨ
Ίɼgco ͷਪఆ஋ ḡco ΛಘΔͨΊʹ (3) ࣜʹ‫͍͗ͭͨͮج‬ͷ
ࢹ֮ΦϒβʔόΛߏ੒͢Δɽ
Χϝϥ࠲ඪ‫͔ܥ‬ΒΈͨ໨ඪର৅ͷ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎ gco ͸ಉ
b
V̄co
࣍ද‫ݱ‬ͷ߹੒ଇ͔ΒҎԼͷΑ͏ʹಋ͔ΕΔɽ
−1
gco = gwc
gwo
(2)
·ͨɼΧϝϥ࠲ඪ‫͔ܥ‬ΒΈͨ໨ඪର৅ͷ૬ର଎౓͸ɼgco Λ
࣌ؒඍ෼͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ
b
Vco
=
ͷΑ͏ʹಋ͔ΕΔ
b
b
−Ad(gco
−1 Vwc + Vwo
)
b
[6]ɽ͜͜ͰɼVab
=
gec
6
∈R ͸
߶ମӡಈͷϘσΟ଎౓Λද͓ͯ͠ΓɼAd(gab ) ∈ R6×6 ͸ಉ
࣍ද‫ ݱ‬gab ͷਵ൐ࣸ૾Ͱ͋Δ [9]ɽ
Ұํɼ্ड़ͷ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎ gco ͸໨ඪର৅ͷҐஔ࢟੎ gwo
͕ଌఆෆՄೳͰ͋ΔͨΊʹະ஌৘ใͱͳΔɽຊ࿦จͰ͸ɼ໨
ඪग़ྗͱͯ͠ಘΒΕΔ৘ใ͸ϐϯϗʔϧΧϝϥ (Fig. 2 ࢀ
র) ͔ΒಘΒΕΔը૾ಛ௃ྔͱ͠ɼ໨ඪର৅ʹऔΓ෇͚ΒΕ
gee
఺·ͰͷϕΫτϧΛ poi ∈ R3 (i = 1, · · · , m) ͱ͢ΔͱɼΧ
ϝϥ͔ΒΈͨ૬ରతͳಛ௃఺ pcoi ∈ R3 ͸ pcoi = gco poi Ͱ
ද͞ΕΔɽͨͩ͠ɼಛ௃఺ poi ͸͢΂ͯ‫ط‬஌Ͱ͋Δͱ͠ɼಉ
࣍ද‫Ͱݱ‬Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔද‫ه‬๏
([pTab
fcoyi
pcoi
P
poi
xo
yo
5o
Fig. 2
=
(7)
1
(eξ̂θei
2
T
T T
[pec rec
]
6
−
) Λ༻͍ͯɼ੍‫ޚ‬ภࠩϕΫτϧΛ ec :=
∈
e
6
T
T T
R ͱɼਪఆภࠩϕΫτϧΛ ee := [pee ree ] ∈ R ͱఆٛ
͢ΔɽਪఆภࠩϕΫτϧ ee ͸ࢹ֮৘ใ fco ͱਪఆ஋ ḡco ͔
Βͭ͗ͷΑ͏ʹಘΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
−ξ̂θei
ee = Je† (ḡco )(fco − f¯co )
(8)
͜͜Ͱɼf¯co ͸ը૾ಛ௃ྔ fco ͷਪఆ஋Λද͠ɼJe (·) ͸ը
૾ϠίϏΞϯͷҰछͰ͋Δ [6]ɽ·ͨɼ໨ඪ஋ gcd ͱਪఆภ
ࠩϕΫτϧ ee Λ༻͍Δͱɼ੍‫ޚ‬ภࠩϕΫτϧ ec ͸‫ࢉܭ‬Մ
Camera Frame
xc
zc
5c
yc
yi
ͨͩ͠ɼೖྗΛ
zw
Image Plane
xw
5w
World Frame
Pinhole camera model.
ࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫภࠩγεςϜ͸ (6)(7) ࣜΛ࣌ؒඍ෼
ee
fcoxi
yw
Target Object
(6)
−1
ḡco
gco
͢Δ͜ͱͰԼ‫ه‬ͷΑ͏ʹಋग़͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
b
0
−Ad(gec
−1
Vec
I
b
)
(9)
=
u+
Vwo
b
Vee
0
−Ad(g−1 )
I
l
gco
−1
gcd
gco
1] Λ pab ͱද‫[ ه‬9])
fcoi
zo
=
ೳͰ͋Δ [7]ɽ
T
ʹΑΓදͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽ
xi
(5)
·ͨɼrei := sk(eξ̂θei )∨ ∈ R3 ɼsk(eξ̂θei ) :=
ͨ m(≥ 4) ఺ͷಛ௃఺ͷը૾໘্ʹ͓͚Δ x ࠲ඪͱ y ࠲ඪ
Λߟ͑Δɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼ໨ඪର৅࠲ඪ‫ ܥ‬Σo ͷ‫͔఺ݪ‬Β֤ಛ௃
b
−Ad(ḡco
−1 Vwc + ue
)
=
ue ∈ R6 ͸ਪఆภࠩͷৼ෣͍Λ҆ఆʹ͢ΔͨΊʹՃ͑ΒΕ
ΔೖྗͰ͋Γɼ‫ޚ੍ʹޙ‬ଇͷҰ෦ͱͯ͠ఏҊ͢Δɽ
͜͜Ͱɼ੍‫ޚ‬ภࠩ gec ͱਪఆภࠩ gee Λͭ͗ͷΑ͏ʹఆ
ٛ͢Δɽ
(3)
−1
(gab
ġab )∨
(4)
u := [uTc uTe ],
b
b
uc := Ad(g−1 ) Vwc
+ Vcd
cd
(10)
ͱఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δɽ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎Λ࣌ෆมͱ͍ͯͨ͠จ‫[ ݙ‬6]
ͷࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫภࠩγεςϜͱຊ࿦จͷภࠩγες
Ϝ (9) ͸ಉ͡‫͍ͯͬͳͱܗ‬Δ͕ɼ(10) ࣜʹ͋ΔΑ͏ʹɼೖྗ
u ͷҰ෦ʹ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ͷ଎౓ (ҎԼͰ͸ɼ໨ඪ଎౓ͱ͢Δ)
b
Vcd
͕ཅʹೖΔͱ͜Ζ͕ҟͳΔɽEye-in-Hand ߏ଄ͷࢹ֮
T T
ϑΟʔυόοΫภࠩγεςϜʹ͓͍ͯɼঢ়ଶ x := [eT
c ee ]
ナビゲーション関数を用いた視覚フィードバック制御の目標値生成に対する一考察 155
Λ 0 ʹͱͲΊ͓ͯ͘͜ͱͰ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎ gco ͕໨ඪҐஔ࢟
੎ gcd ʹҰக͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΔɽ͜ͷࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫภ
b
ࠩγεςϜ (9) ͸໨ඪର৅͕੩ࢭ (͢ͳΘͪ Vwo
= 0) ͯ͠
͍Δͱ͖ɼೖྗ u ͔Βग़ྗ −x ʹରͯ͠डಈੑΛ༗͢Δ͜
ͱΛɼҎԼͷΤωϧΪʔؔ਺Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰূ໌͢Δ͜ͱ
͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
(11)
͜͜Ͱ E(gab ) := 12 pab 2 +φ(eξ̂θab ) Ͱ͋Γɼؔ਺ φ(eξ̂θab )
͸ճసߦྻʹର͢Δ‫਺ؔࠩޡ‬Λද͢ਖ਼ఆؔ਺Ͱ͋Δ [10]ɽ
2.3. ҆ఆԽࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬
Eye-in-Hand ߏ଄ͷࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫภࠩγεςϜ (9)
ʹର͠ɼडಈੑʹ‫Ͱͱͮ͘͜ج‬ɼ໨ඪର৅͕੩ࢭ͍ͯ͠Δ
৔߹ʹฏߧ఺ x = 0 Λ҆ఆͱ͢Δ੍‫ޚ‬ଇͱͯ࣍ࣜ͠ΛఏҊ
͢Δɽ
u = −K(−x) = Kx
(12)
K := diag{Kc , Ke }
Kc := diag{kc1 ɼ· · · , kc6 } ͱ Ke := diag{ke1 ɼ· · · , ke6 }
͸ x ࣠ɼy ࣠ɼz ࣠ͷฒਐͱճసʹ͓͚Δ੍‫ޚ‬ภࠩͱਪఆ
ภࠩʹର͢ΔήΠϯͰ͋Δɽͨͩ͠ɼήΠϯʹ͓͚Δ֤ཁ
ૉ͸͢΂ͯਖ਼ͱ͢Δɽ͜ͷͱ͖҆ఆੑʹؔͯͭ͗͠ͷఆཧ
͕ಋ͔ΕΔɽ
ఆཧ 1. [6] ໨ඪର৅͕੩ࢭ͍ͯ͠Δ
b
(Vwo
= 0) ͱ͖ɼEyein-Hand ߏ଄ͷࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫภࠩγεςϜ (9) ͱ (12)
ࣜͷೖྗͰߏ੒͞ΕΔดϧʔϓ‫ܥ‬ͷฏߧ఺ x = 0 ͸઴ۙ҆
ఆͰ͋Δɽ
ূ໌ : (11) ࣜͷΤωϧΪʔؔ਺ΛϦΞϓϊϑؔ਺ީิͱ͢
͢Δٞ࿦͸ͳ͔ͬͨɽຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬ͷ
੍‫ޚ‬໨త͸ɼ͋Δ࡞‫ۀ‬ൣғ಺ʹཹ·Γͭͭɼ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎
V̇ = uT (−x) = −xT Kx
(13)
ͱಋ͔ΕΔɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼγεςϜͷฏߧ఺ x = 0 ͸઴ۙ
҆ఆͱͳΔɽ
ຊઅͰ͸Χϝϥ࠲ඪ‫͔ܥ‬ΒΈͨ໨ඪର৅ͷ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎
gco Λ໨ඪ஋ gcd ʹҰகͤ͞ΔͨΊͷ҆ఆԽ੍‫ޚ‬ଇΛఏҊ͠
ͨɽࢴ໘ͷ౎߹্লུ͢Δ͕ɼ֎ཚ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ৔߹ʹ͸֎
ཚ཈੍໰୊Λߟ͑Δ͜ͱͰ L2 ήΠϯ੍‫ޚ‬ੑೳղੳΛߦ͏
͜ͱ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δ [6]. Fig. 3 ʹडಈੑʹ‫҆ͮ͘ج‬ఆԽࢹ֮
ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬ͷϒϩοΫਤΛࣔ͢ɽ
2
gcd
Visual Motion
Observer-based
Pose Controller
b
Vwc
ξ̂θcd
f ) ʹऩଋ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ࣌มͷ໨
) Λੜ੒͠ɼͦΕʹΧϝϥ͔Β
Έͨ໨ඪର৅ͷ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎ gco = (pco , eξ̂θco ) ΛҰகͤ͞
Δ͜ͱͱͳΔɽ
ͦ͜ͰຊઅͰ͸ɼ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ gcd ͕͋Δൣғʹཹ·
Γͳ͕Β࠷ऴ஋ gcdf ΁ऩଋ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ gcd ͷϘσΟ଎౓
b
b T
b T T
b
Vcd
= [(vcd
) (ωcd
) ] Λઃ‫͢ܭ‬Δ. ໨ඪ଎౓ Vcd
͕ઃ‫ܭ‬
͞ΕΕ͹ɼgcd ͸ͭ͗ͷඍ෼ํఔࣜΛղ͘͜ͱͰੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ
͜ͱʹ஫ҙ͞Ε͍ͨ.
ඪҐஔ࢟੎ gcd = (pcd , e
ξ̂θcd
b
ġcd = gcd V̂cd
b
Vwo
(14)
લઅͰఏҊͨ͠ࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬ଇ (12) ͱ (10) ࣜ
b
Ͱද͞ΕΔภࠩγεςϜͷೖྗʹΑΓɼΧϝϥೖྗ Vwc
͸
b
b
Vwc
= Ad(gcd ) Kc ec − Vcd
(15)
b
ͷΑ͏ʹߏ੒͞ΕΔ͕ɼ໨ඪ଎౓ Vcd
ͱ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ gcd
Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰੜ੒Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔɽ
3.1. ໨ඪ‫ي‬ಓੜ੒ͷͨΊͷ࢟੎ภࠩ
b
Λઃ‫͢ܭ‬Δʹ͋ͨΓɼຊઅͰ͸࢟੎ʹର͠
໨ඪ଎౓ Vcd
ͯٞ࿦͢Δɽ࡞‫ۀ‬ൣғ಺ͷҡ࣋͸ɼҐஔ੒෼Λ༻͍ͯୡ੒͞
ξ̂θ
ͤΔͨΊʹɼ࢟੎੒෼͸໨ඪ࢟੎ eξ̂θcd Λͦͷ࠷ऴ஋ e cdf
ʹऩଋͤ͞Δ͜ͱͷΈΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ͸͡Ίʹɼͭ͗ͷ࢟
੎ภࠩΛఆٛ͢Δɽ
eξ̂θed = e
Δͱɼ(9)ɼ(12) ࣜͷղ‫ي‬ಓʹԊͬͨ࣌ؒඍ෼͸
fco
લઅͰ͸ɼΧϝϥ͔ΒΈͨ໨ඪର৅ͷ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎Λ໨
ඪ஋ʹҰகͤ͞Δ҆ఆԽ੍‫ޚ‬ଇΛఏҊ͕ͨ͠ɼ໨ඪ஋ʹର
ͷ࠷ऴ஋ gcdf = (pcdf , e
V (x) = E(gec ) + E(gee )
b
Vcd
3. φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺Λ༻͍ͨ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ੜ੒
−ξ̂θcd
f
eξ̂θcd
(16)
·ͨɼภࠩϕΫτϧΛ red := 12 (eξ̂θed − e−ξ̂θed )∨ ͱͯ͠ఆ
ٛ͢Δɽ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ͷ࠷ऴ஋ gcdf ͕࣌ෆมͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ
ߟྀ͢Δͱ, (16) ࣜΛ࣌ؒඍ෼͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ࢟੎ภࠩ଎౓ͷ
ؔ܎ࣜ͸ͭ͗ͷΑ͏ʹಋग़͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
b
ωed
=
b
ωcd
(17)
3.2. φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺
ຊઅͰ͸ɼ࡞‫ۀ‬ൣғ಺ʹཹ·Γͳ͕Β࠷ऴ໨ඪҐஔ΁ऩ
ଋͤ͞ΔͨΊͷφϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺ ϕ(pcd ) Λઃ‫͢ܭ‬Δɽ
φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺͸ͭ͗Ͱఆٛ͞ΕΔಛघਓ޻ϙςϯ
γϟϧؔ਺Ͱ͋Δɽ
ఆٛ 1. [11, 12] ‫׈‬Β͔ͳϞʔεؔ਺ ϕ(pcd ) : D → [0, 1]
Vision
Camera
͕ҎԼͷੑ࣭Λ༗͢Δͱ͖ɼϕ ͸φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺Ͱ͋Δɽ
1. pcdf ∈ D ͷͱ͖།Ұͷ࠷খ஋͕ଘࡏ͢Δɽ
2. D ͷ‫ڥ‬քͰ࠷େ஋Λ࣋ͭɽ
Fig. 3 Block diagram of visual motion observer-based
pose control.
*1 ຊߘͰ͸໨ඪର৅͸੩ࢭ͍ͯ͠Δͱ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼp
͜͜ͰɼD ͸Χϝϥ͕ҠಈՄೳͳྖҬΛத৺ p0 ɼ൒‫ ܘ‬ρ0
ͷ‫ٿ‬ମͰఆٛͨ͠ू߹Ͱ͋Δ*1 ɽ
͸໨ඪର৅࠲ඪ‫ ܥ‬Σo Λ‫ج‬४ͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽͨͱ͑͹ɼp0 = [0 0 0]T
ͱ͢Δͱɼ໨ඪର৅Λத৺ʹ൒‫ ܘ‬ρ0 ͷۭ͕ؒΧϝϥͷҠಈՄೳྖҬͱͳΓɼp0 = pco (0) ͱ͢ΔͱΧϝϥͷॳ‫ظ‬஋͕த৺ͷۭؒͱͳΔɽ
0
村尾俊幸
156
gcdf
φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺Λ۩ମతʹઃ‫͍ͯ͘͠ܭ‬ɽ͸͡Ίʹ
໨ඪҐஔ pcd ͱͦͷ࠷ऴ஋ pcdf ͱͷؒͷภࠩʹؔ͢Δͭ͗
Navigation
ͷؔ਺Λఆٛ͢Δɽ
s(pcd ) = pcd − pcdf 2κ
Function-based
Path Planner
(18)
gcd
b
Vcd
fco
Visual Motion
Observer-based
Pose Controller
b
Vwc
b
Vwo
Vision
Camera
͜͜Ͱɼκ ͸‫ܗ‬੒͞ΕΔϙςϯγϟϧ৔ΛมԽͤ͞ΔͨΊ
ͷύϥϝʔλͰ͋Δɽͭ͗ʹɼҠಈՄೳྖҬ D ͷ಺෦ʹΧ
ϝϥΛҡ࣋ͤ͞ΔͨΊͷؔ਺ η Λͭ͗ͷΑ͏ʹఆٛ͢Δɽ
η(pcd ) = ρ20 − pcd − p0 2
Fig. 4 Block diagram of visual motion observer-based
pose control with navigation function-based path planner.
(19)
͜ͷؔ਺ (19) ͸ 0 ʹۙͮ͘΄ͲྖҬͷ୺ʹۙ͘ͳΔ͜ͱΛ
T ξ̂θed b
e
ωed
V̇n = (∇ϕ)T ṗcd + red
T ξ̂θcd b
T ξ̂θed b
= (∇ϕ) e
vcd + red
e
ωcd
= −(∇ϕ)T eξ̂θcd e−ξ̂θcd Kdp ∇ϕ
T ξ̂θed
e
Kdr e−ξ̂θed red
−red
T
= −(∇ϕ) Kdp ∇ϕ − (e−ξ̂θed red )T Kdr e−ξ̂θed red
(25)
͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ·ͨɼύϥϝʔλ κ Λ༻͍ͨϞσϧ্ۭؒͷ
φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺ ϕ̃(x) ∈ R → [0, 1] Λͭ͗ͷΑ͏ʹఆ
ٛ͢Δɽ
ϕ̃(x) =
x
μ+x
1
κ
(20)
͜͜Ͱɼμ ͸ऩଋ଎౓Λௐ੔͢ΔͨΊͷύϥϝʔλͰ͋Δɽ
(18)–(20) ࣜͷؔ਺Λ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱͰɼφϏήʔγϣϯ
ؔ਺Λ
ϕ(pcd ) = ϕ̃ ◦
s
(pcd ) =
η
s(pcd )
μη(pcd ) + s(pcd )
1
κ
(21)
ͱઃ‫͢ܭ‬Δɽ͜͜Ͱɼ◦ ͸߹੒ԋࢉࢠΛද͍ͯ͠Δ. ࢴ໘
ͷ౎߹্ূ໌͸লུ͢Δ͕ɼจ‫[ ݙ‬12] ͷ Theorem 4 ͱಉ
༷ͷख๏Ͱɼκ Λద੾ʹઃఆͨ͠ (21) ࣜͷؔ਺͕φϏήʔ
γϣϯؔ਺ͱͳΔ͜ͱ͸ূ໌Ͱ͖Δɽ
3.3.
໨ඪ଎౓ͷఏҊͱऩଋղੳ
φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺͓Αͼ࢟੎ภࠩΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰɼͭ
͗ͷ໨ඪ଎౓ΛఏҊ͢Δɽ
−e−ξ̂θcd Kdp ∇ϕ(pcd )
b
Vcd =
−Kdr e−ξ̂θed red
(22)
4.
γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ‫ূݕ‬
ຊઅͰ͸ɼఏҊ੍ͨ͠‫ޚ‬ख๏ͷ༗ޮੑΛ֬ೝ͢ΔͨΊʹ
ͨ ͩ ͠ ɼKdp
:= diag{kdp1 , kdp2 , kdp3 } ͱ Kdr :=
diag{kdr1 , kdr2 , kdr3 } ͸ɼͦΕͧΕ x ࣠ɼy ࣠ɼz ࣠ͷฒ
ਐͱճసʹ͓͚Δ໨ඪ଎౓ʹର͢ΔήΠϯͰ͋Δɽ·ͨ,
T
cd )
∇ϕ(pcd ) := ∂ϕ(p
͸ ϕ(pcd ) ͷޯ഑ϕΫτϧΛද͠ɼ
∂pcd
‫͢ࢉܭ‬Δͱ࣍ϖʔδԼ‫( ࣔ͢ʹه‬23) ࣜͱͳΔɽ
ఏҊͨ͠໨ඪ଎౓ (22) Λ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰɼͭ͗ͷఆཧ͕੒
ཱ͢Δɽ
b
ఆཧ 2. pcd (0) ∈ D ͔ͭ໨ඪର৅͕੩ࢭ͍ͯ͠Δ (Vwo
= 0)
ͱ͢Δɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼ(22) ࣜʹΑͬͯੜ੒͞ΕΔ໨ඪτϥδΣ
ΫτϦʔ͸ pcd (t) ∈ D Ͱ͋Γɼ͔ͭ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ gcd (t) ͸
઴ۙ҆ఆͳฏߧ఺ gcdf Λ࣋ͭɽ
ূ໌ : ͭ͗ͷਖ਼ఆͳؔ਺Λߟ͑Δɽ
Vn = ϕ(pcd ) + φ(eξ̂θed )
͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼॳ‫ظ‬ঢ়ଶ pcd (0) ∈ D ʹରͯ͠ɼpcd (t) ∈
D, ∀t > 0 ͱͳΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ·ͨφϏήʔγϣϯؔ
਺Ͱ͸ ∇ϕ(pcd ) → 0 ͷͱ͖ʹ͸ pcd (t) → pcdf ͱͳΔ
[12]ɽ͞Βʹɼe−ξ̂θed red → 0 ͸ red → 0 ͱͳΔͨΊʹɼ࢟
ξ̂θ
੎ภࠩͷఆٛΑΓ eξ̂θcd (t) → e edf ͱͳΔɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ
gcd (t) → gcdf ͕ಋ͔ΕΔ.
2
ఆཧ 2 ͸φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺ΛϦΞϓϊϑؔ਺ީิͷҰ
෦ͱ͢Δ͜ͱͰূ໌͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷఆཧ 2 ʹΑΓɼఏҊ͠
ͨφϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺Λ༻͍ͨ‫ي‬ಓੜ੒Λ͓͜ͳ͏͜ͱͰɼ
໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ gcd (t) ͕࡞‫ۀ‬ൣғ಺ʹཹ·Γͭͭ࠷ऴ໨ඪҐ
ஔ࢟੎ gcdf ʹऩଋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞ΕͨɽFig. 4 ʹφϏήʔ
γϣϯؔ਺Λ༻͍ͨडಈੑʹ‫֮ࢹͮ͘ج‬ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍
‫ޚ‬ͷϒϩοΫਤΛࣔ͢ɽ
(24)
(17)(22) ࣜΛ༻͍Δͱɼ(24) ࣜͷਖ਼ఆؔ਺Λղ‫ي‬ಓʹԊͬ
ͯ࣌ؒඍ෼͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼͭ͗ͷؔ܎͕ࣜಘΒΕΔɽ
੩ࢭ͍ͯ͠Δ໨ඪର৅ʹର͢ΔγϛϡϨʔγϣϯ‫ূݕ‬Λ͓
͜ͳ͏ɽ
ॳ‫ظ‬ઃఆ͸ pwc = [0 0 1]T mɼξθwc = [π/12 −
π/12 π/12]T radɼpwo = [−5 6.5 3]T mɼξθwo = [0 0 0]T
rad ͱ͢Δɽ·ͨ࠷ऴతͳ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎͸ pcdf = [0 1.5 0]T
mɼξθcdf = [0 0 0]T rad ͱ͢Δɽ͞ΒʹɼຊγϛϡϨʔ
γϣϯʹ͓͚ΔήΠϯͷઃఆ΍֤ύϥϝʔλ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏
ʹͨ͠ɽKc = 5I ɼKe = 10I ɼKdp = 50I ɼKdr = 2I ɼ
p0 = [0 0 0]T m, ρ0 = 10 mɼκ = 2ɼμ = 4.
Fig. 5 ʹ૬ରҐஔ࢟੎ gco (t) ͱ࠷ऴతͳ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎
gcdf ͱͷؒͷภࠩ er Λࣔ͢ɽFig. 5 ΑΓɼશͯͷภ͕ࠩ
ఆৗঢ়ଶʹ͓͍ͯ 0 ʹऩଋ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖Δɽ·
ͨɼFig. 6 ʹΧϝϥͷτϥδΣΫτϦʔΛࣔ͢ɽpwc (0) ͱ
pwc (3) ͸Χϝϥͷॳ‫ظ‬஋ͱ࠷ऴ஋Λද͓ͯ͠Γɼ·ͨਤத
ͷ௚ํମ͕໨ඪର৅Λද͍ͯ͠ΔɽFig. 6 ΑΓɼ໨ඪର৅
ͷલ΁Χϝϥ͕ಈ͍͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖Δɽ·ͨɼຊγ
ϛϡϨʔγϣϯͰ͸࡞‫ۀ‬ൣғΛ໨ඪର৅Λத৺ͱͨ͠൒‫ܘ‬
10 m ͷ‫ٿ‬ମͷ಺෦ͱ͕ͨ͠ɼρ20 − pcd − p0 2 ͷ࠷খ஋͕
ナビゲーション関数を用いた視覚フィードバック制御の目標値生成に対する一考察 157
0
-0.2
-2
-3
0
1
2
3
-0.4
4
0
1
2
1
2
3
0.2
0
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
time [s]
3
0
rerz
perz
1.5
1
-0.2
0.5
0
0
0.4
rery
pery
8
0
ࢀߟจ‫ݙ‬
rerx
perx
0
-1
0
1
2
time [s]
Fig. 5
pwcz [m]
3
3
-0.4
Pose control error.
pwc(3)
1
pwc(0)
6
4
pwcy [m] 2
Fig. 6
0
0
-2 -6
2
-2
-4 pwcx [m]
Trajectory of camera.
23.75 Ͱ͋Γɼৗʹਖ਼ͷ஋Λҡ͍࣋ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͔Β࡞‫ۀ‬ൣ
ғͷ֎ʹग़͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼφϏήʔ
γϣϯؔ਺Λ༻͍ͨࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫͍͓ͯʹޚ‬ɼΧ
ϝϥ͕࡞‫ۀ‬ൣғ಺ʹཹ·Γͭͭ࠷ऴ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ʹऩଋ͢
Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔ͞Εͨɽ
5. ͓ΘΓʹ
ຊ࿦จͰ͸ 3 ࣍‫ ݩ‬Eye-in-Hand ߏ଄ͷࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόο
ΫγεςϜʹରͯ͠ɼ࡞‫ۀ‬ൣғ಺ʹཹ·Βͤͭͭ࠷ऴ໨ඪ
Ґஔ࢟੎΁ऩଋͤ͞ΔͨΊͷφϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺Λ༻͍ͨ
҆ఆԽࢹ֮ϑΟʔυόοΫ੍‫ޚ‬ख๏ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽ੍‫ޚ‬ଇ΁
ͷ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ੜ੒ΛφϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺Λ༻͍ͯઃ‫͠ܭ‬ɼ
φϏήʔγϣϯؔ਺ΛϦΞϓϊϑؔ਺ީิͷҰ෦ͱ͢Δ͜
ͱͰઃ‫͢ܭ‬Δ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎͕࠷ऴతͳ໨ඪҐஔ࢟੎ʹऩଋ
͢Δ͜ͱΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɽ࠷‫ʹޙ‬γϛϡϨʔγϣϯʹΑΓɼఏ
Ҋ੍ͨ͠‫ޚ‬ख๏ͷ༗ޮੑΛࣔͨ͠ɽ
∇ϕ =
[2] ‫ڮ‬ຊߒҰ, (ߨ࠲) ϏδϡΞϧαʔϘʵ IʙVI, γες
Ϝ/੍‫ޚ‬/৘ใ, Vol. 53, No. 9, pp. 411–416, No. 11,
pp. 476–483, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 34–42, No. 3,
pp. 117–123, No. 5, pp. 206–213, No. 7, pp. 264–
273, 2009–2010.
[3] K. Omote et al., “Self-Guided Robotic Camera
Control for Laparoscopic Surgery Compared with
Human Camera Control,” The American Journal
of Surgery, Vol. 177, No. 4, pp. 321–324, 1999.
[4] A. Krupa and F. Chaumette, “Control of an Ultrasound Probe by Adaptive Visual Servoing,” Proc.
of the 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference
on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 2007–2012,
2005.
2
8
[1] F. Chaumette and S. Hutchinson, “Visual Servoing and Visual Tracking,” B. Siciliano and O.
Khatib (Eds.), Springer Handbook of Robotics,
Springer-Verlag, pp. 563–583, 2008.
[5] S. Yu and B. J. Nelson, “Autonomous injection of
biological cells using visual servoing,” In:D. Rus
and S. Singh (Eds.), Experimental Robotics VII,
Springer-Verlag, pp. 169–178, 2001.
[6] M. Fujita, H. Kawai and M. W. Spong, “Passivitybased Dynamic Visual Feedback Control for Three
Dimensional Target Tracking: Stability and L2 gain Performance Analysis,” IEEE Trans. Control
Systems Technology, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 40–52,
2007.
[7] T. Murao, H. Kawai and M. Fujita, “Stabilizing Predictive Visual Feedback Control for Fixed
Camera Systems,” Electronics and Communications in Japan, Vol. 94, No. 8, pp. 1-11, 2011.
[8] Y. Tsuruo, T. Murao H. Kawai and M. Fujita, “Visual Motion Observer-based Pose Control via Obstacle Avoidance Navigation Function for Eye-inHand Systems,” Proc. of the 38th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,
2012(to appear).
[9] R. Murray, Z. Li and S. S. Sastry, A Mathematical
Introduction to Robotic Manipulation, CRC Press,
1994.
[10] F. Bullo and A. D. Lewis, Geometric Control of Mechanical Systems, Springer-Verlag, 2004.
2μ κ(ρ20 − pcd − pc0 2 )(pcd − pcdf ) + pcd − pcdf 2 (pcd − pc0 )
κ(μ(ρ20 − pcd − pc0 2 ) + pcd − pcdf 2κ )
1+κ
κ
(23)
158
村尾俊幸
[11] E. Rimon and D. E. Koditschek, “Exact Robot
Navigation using Artificial Potential Functions”,
IEEE Trans. Robotics and Automation, Vol. 8,
No. 5, pp. 501–518, 1992.
[12] D. E. Koditschek and E. Rimon, “Robot Navigation Functions on Manifolds with Boundary”, Advances in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 11, No. 4,
pp. 412–442, 1990.
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.159－164 （2012） 〔研究速報〕
཭ࢄತ࠷దԽΞϧΰϦζϜͷԠ༻ʹ͍ͭͯ
৿ɹ‫ޱ‬ɹ૱ɹࢠ ∗
The Application of Discrete Convex Optimization Algorithms
Satoko Moriguchi∗
Abstract
Discrete convex analysis, is a unified framework of discrete convex optimization based on the theory
of matroids and submodular functions. In the last decade, efficient discrete optimization algorithms
have been proposed in this discrete convex analysis. This paper reviews recently developed softwares
and web applications of fundamental algorithms for discrete convex minimization. We have developed
web applications for an inventory system and a call center shift scheduling.
Keywords: Mathematical Programming, Optimization Algorithms, Combinatorial Optimization, Inventory System, Shift Scheduling.
1. ͸͡Ίʹ
࠷దԽͷ෼໺Ͱ͸ɼ੔਺ม਺ͷඇઢ‫ܭܗ‬ը͸ɼ༷ʑͳ෼
໺΍‫࣮ݱ‬໰୊Ͱ਺ଟ͘‫͢ࡏݦ‬Δ΋ͷͷɼඇৗʹࠔ೉Ͱ͋Δ
͜ͱ͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ੔਺ม਺ͷඇઢ‫ܭܗ‬ըɼ೉͍͠૊߹
ͤ࠷దԽ໰୊Λղ͘‫ͯ͠ͱݤ‬ɼ཭ࢄತؔ਺ͷ֓೦͕ߟ͑Β
Εɼओʹ཭ࢄ֨ࢠ఺্Ͱఆٛ͞Εͨؔ਺ʹର༷ͯ͠ʑͳ‫ݚ‬
‫ʹऀڀ‬ΑΓఆ͕ٛͳ͞Εɼཧ࿦‫͕ڀݚ‬ల։͞Ε͖ͯͨɽͦ
ͷதͰ΋ɼϚτϩΠυɾྼϞδϡϥؔ਺ͷ‫ڀݚ‬ͷྲྀΕΛ‫ټ‬Μ
ͩ཭ࢄತղੳʹΑΔ౷Ұత࿮૊Έ͕ 90 ೥୅Ҏ߱஫໨͞Εɼ
ࠓ΍ଟ͘ͷ੒Ռ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ [9, 10]ɽ཭ࢄತղੳཧ࿦
Ͱ͸ɼL ತੑͱ M ತੑͱ͍͏‫ڞʹ͍ޓ‬໾ͳೋछྨͷ཭ࢄತ
ੑ͕ଘࡏ͠ɼத৺తͳ໾ׂΛ୲͍ͬͯΔɽ͜Ε·ͰɼL ತ
ۙ೥ɼ૿ʑॏཁͱͳ͖͍ͬͯͯΔɽి࿩Λड͚Δ͜ͱΛओ
ͱ͢ΔΠϯό΢ϯυͷ‫ۀ‬຿‫ܗ‬ଶʹ͓͍ͯɼαʔϏεϨϕϧ
Λอ֤ͪͭͭ࣌ࠁʹ഑ஔ͢ΔΦϖϨʔλͷਓ਺Λܾఆ͢Δ
γϑτεέδϡʔϦϯά໰୊͕ Koole–Sluis [3] ͰѻΘΕɼ
ͦ͜Ͱ͸ϚϧνϞδϡϥੑ͕ॏཁͳ໾ׂΛՌ͍ͨͯ͠Δɽ͜
ͷϚϧνϞδϡϥੑ͸ʢม਺ม‫׵‬Λ௨ͯ͡ʣ཭ࢄತղੳʹ
͓͚Δ L ತੑͱ౳Ձͳ֓೦Ͱ͋Δɽ
ຊߘͰ͸ɼ཭ࢄತղੳཧ࿦ͷ੒ՌΛԠ༻෼໺ͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬ɾ
࣮຿Ո͕ར༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͱ͍͏໨తͰ։ൃɾެ։͕ਐΊ
ΒΕ͍ͯΔɼ཭ࢄತ࠷దԽʹؔ࿈͢ΔΞϧΰϦζϜͱͦΕ
Λ঺հ͢ΔσϞϯετϨʔγϣϯιϑτ΢ΣΞʹ͍ͭͯใ
ࠂ͢Δɽ
ੑɼM ತੑΛ༗͢Δ࠷దԽ໰୊ʹରͯ͠ɼޮ཰తͳΞϧΰ
ϦζϜ͕‫͞ڀݚ‬Ε͖ͯͨɽ
ඇৗʹࠔ೉Ͱɼޮ཰తͳιϧό΋ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ͳ͔ͬͨඇ
ઢ‫਺ؔࢄ཭ܗ‬ͷ࠷খԽʹରͯ͠ɼۙ೥ͷ཭ࢄತղੳཧ࿦ͷ
‫ʹڀݚ‬ΑΓɼͦͷதͰ΋ޮ཰Α͘ଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒͰ࠷খԽͰ͖
ΔΫϥε͕ղ໌͞Ε͖ͯͨɽ
཭ࢄತղੳ͸ɼΦϖϨʔγϣϯζɾϦαʔνʢ̧̤ʣʹ
2. ཭ࢄತؔ਺
཭ࢄತղੳʹ͓͚Δத৺తͳ֓೦Ͱ͋Δ L ತؔ਺ɼM ತ
ؔ਺ͷఆٛͱͦͷ࠷খԽΞϧΰϦζϜʹ͍ͭͯɼ͘͝؆୯
ʹड़΂Δɽৄ͘͠͸จ‫[ ݙ‬9–11] Λࢀর͞Ε͍ͨɽ
͓͚Δ໰୊ղܾʹ΋ར༻͞Εɼࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧ໰୊΍εέδϡʔ
Ϧϯά໰୊ͳͲ΁ͷԠ༻͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ [1,3,11,18]ɽࡏ
‫ݿ‬؅ཧͷཧ࿦͸௕͍ྺ࢙Λ΋͕ͭɼ‫ݱ‬୅ͷ SCMʢSupply
Chain Managementʣʹ͓͍ͯ΋ͦͷ‫ͯ͠ͱૅج‬ॏཁͰ͋
Δɽࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧཧ࿦ͱ཭ࢄತؔ਺ͷؔΘΓ͸‫͘ݹ‬ɼ1970 ೥୅
ʹ Miller [4] ͸༧උ඼ࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧ໰୊ͷ‫͍͓ͯʹڀݚ‬ɼ‫ࡏݱ‬
ʮMiller ͷ཭ࢄತؔ਺ʯͱ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔ֓೦Λఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δɽͦ
ͷ‫ޙ‬ͷ཭ࢄತղੳͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬ΑΓɼMiller ͷ༧උ඼ࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧ
໰୊ʹ‫ݱ‬ΕΔؔ਺͸ L ತؔ਺Ͱ͋Γɼ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ͜ͷ໰
୊͸ଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒͰ‫ٻ‬ղ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳͬͯ
͍ΔɽҰํɼίʔϧηϯλʔ͸ɼ‫ސͱۀا‬٬ͷ઀఺ͱͯ͠
2.1.
M ತؔ਺ͱ M ತؔ਺
ຊઅͰ͸ަ‫ެ׵‬ཧʹ‫ ͮ͘ج‬M ತؔ਺Λઆ໌͢Δɽ͜ΕҎ
߱ɼ཭ࢄؔ਺ f : Zn → R ∪ {+∞} ʹରͯ͠ɼ
dom f = {x ∈ Zn | f (x) < +∞},
ͱͯ͠ɼ
supp+ (x − y) = {w ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n} | x(w) > y(w)},
supp− (x − y) = {w ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n} | x(w) < y(w)}
Received on September 30, 2012.
∗ ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶɼ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़‫ڀݚ‬Պ, School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
160
森口聡子
ͱ͢Δɽχi ∈ {0, 1}n ͸ i = 1, 2, . . . , n ʹର͢ΔಛੑϕΫ
τϧɼ͢ͳΘͪ
χi (v) =
1
0
(v = i)
(v = i)
ͱ͢Δ. ·ͨɼศ্ٓɼi = 0 ͷͱ͖͸ χi = (0, 0, . . . , 0) ͱ
໿ଋ͢Δɽ
ؔ਺ f : Zn → R ∪ {+∞} ͕ M ತؔ਺Ͱ͋Δͱ͸, f ͕
࣍ͷަ‫ެ׵‬ཧ (M-EXC) Λຬͨ͢͜ͱͰ͋Δ.
(M-EXC) ೚ҙͷ x, y ∈ dom f ͱ೚ҙͷ u ∈
supp+ (x−y) ʹରͯ͠, ͋Δ v ∈ supp− (x−y)
͕ଘࡏ͠ɼ
f (x)+f (y) ≥ f (x−χu +χv )+f (y+χu −χv ).
(SBF) g(p) + g(q) ≥ g(p ∨ q) + g(p ∧ p) (∀p, q ∈ Zn ),
(TRF) ͋Δ r ∈ R ͕ଘࡏͯ͠ɼ
g(p+1) = g(p)+r
(∀p ∈ Zn )
Λຬͨ͢͜ͱͱఆٛ͞ΕΔɽ͜͜Ͱෆ౳ࣜ (SBF) ͸ g(p) ͔
g(q) ͕ +∞ Ͱ͋Δͱ͖ʹ͸੒ཱ͍ͯ͠Δͱ໿ଋ͢Δ.
L ತؔ਺͸ 1 ํ޲ͷઢ‫ܗ‬ੑ (TRF) Λ΋ͭͷͰɼ͋ΔҰͭ
ͷ࠲ඪ஋͕ 0 ʹ౳͍͠௒ฏ໘ʹ੍‫ ͨ͠ݶ‬n − 1 ม਺ͷؔ਺
Λߟ͑ͯ΋ຊ࣭తͳ৘ใ͸ࣦΘΕͳ͍ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹಋग़͞
ΕΔ L ತؔ਺ͱ౳Ձͳ֓೦͸ L ತؔ਺ͱ‫ݺ‬͹Ε͍ͯΔɽ
L ತؔ਺͸཭ࢄத఺ತੑʹΑΓఆٛ͞ΕΔɽ͢ͳΘͪɼ
ؔ਺ g : Zn → R ∪ {+∞} ͕཭ࢄத఺ತੑ
p + q
p + q
g(p) + g(q) ≥ g(
) + g(
) (∀p, q ∈ Zn )
2
2
͜͜Ͱ, ্‫ه‬ͷෆ౳ࣜ͸ɼf (x) ͔ f (y) ͕ +∞ Ͱ͋Δͱ͖
Λ΋ͭͱ͖ɼg ͸ L ತؔ਺Ͱ͋Δɽ
੒ཱ͍ͯ͠Δͱ໿ଋ͢Δɽ
L ತؔ਺͸ɼฒਐྼϞδϡϥੑʹΑΓಛ௃෇͚Δ͜ͱ͕
ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ͢ͳΘͪɼؔ਺ g : Zn → R ∪ {+∞} ͕ฒਐ
ྼϞδϡϥੑ
ఆٛΑΓɼM ತؔ਺ f ͷ࣮ޮఆٛҬ͸੒෼࿨͕Ұఆͷ௒
ฏ໘ͷ্ʹ৐͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɼͭ·Γɼ͋Δ੔਺ r ʹରͯ͠
dom f ⊆ {x ∈ Zn |
n
g(p) + g(q) ≥ g((p − α1) ∨ q) + g(p ∧ (q + α1))
(∀α ∈ Z+ , ∀p, q ∈ Zn )
xi = r}
i=1
͕੒Γཱͭ͜ͱ͕ಋ͔ΕΔɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼn ม਺ͷ M ತؔ
(1)
Λ΋ͭͱ͖ɼg ͸ L ತؔ਺Ͱ͋Δ (ͨͩ͠ɼZ+ ͸ඇෛ੔
਺ f ͷఆٛҬΛ͋Δ࠲ඪ࣠ํ޲ʹԊࣹͬͯӨͨ͠ n − 1 ม
਺શମΛද͢)ɽα = 0 ͷͱ͖ɼࣜ (1) ͸ྼϞδϡϥੑʹҰ
਺ͷؔ਺Λߟ͑ͯ΋৘ใ͸ࣦΘΕͳ͍ɽM ತؔ਺ͱΛࣹӨ
க͢Δ.
ͯ͠ಘΒΕΔ౳Ձͳ֓೦͸ɼM ತؔ਺ͱ‫ݺ‬͹Ε͍ͯΔɽ྆
χX ∈ {0, 1}n Λू߹ X ⊆ {1, 2, . . . , n} ʹର͢Δಛੑϕ
Ϋτϧͱ͢ΔɽL ತؔ਺ͷ࠷খੑ‫ن‬४͸ҎԼͷఆཧͰ༩͑
ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ
ऀʹຊ࣭తͳࠩ͸ͳ͍ͷͰɼM ತؔ਺͔ M ತؔ਺͔͸ɼ
৔߹ʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Ε͹ྑ͍ɽ
M ತؔ਺ͷ࠷খ஋͸੔਺֨ࢠ఺্Ͱ‫ॴہ‬తʹಛ௃෇͚Β
ΕΔɽ࿈ଓͷತؔ਺ͷ΋ͭྑ͍ੑ࣭ͷ୅දͰ͋Δʮ‫࠷ॴہ‬
খੑʹେҬత࠷খੑʯͷ M ತؔ਺൛͸ɼԼ‫ه‬ͷఆཧͰ༩͑
ΒΕ͍ͯΔɽ
ఆཧ 2..1 (M ತؔ਺࠷খੑ‫ن‬४). f : Zn → R ∪ {+∞} ͸
ఆཧ 2..2 (L ತؔ਺࠷খੑ‫ن‬४). ؔ਺ g : Zn → R ∪ {+∞}
͸ L ತؔ਺Ͱɼ(TRF) ʹ͓͍ͯ r = 0 ͱ͢Δɽ೚ҙͷ
p ∈ dom g ʹର͠,
g(p) ≤ g(q) (∀q ∈ Zn )
⇐⇒ g(p) ≤ g(p + χX ) (∀X ⊆ {1, 2, . . . , n}).
M ತؔ਺ͱ͢Δ. ೚ҙͷ x ∈ dom f ʹର͠,
f (x) ≤ f (y) (∀y ∈ Zn )
⇐⇒ f (x) ≤ f (x − χu + χv ) (∀u, v ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}).
্‫ه‬ͷ‫࠷ॴہ‬খੑΛ൑ఆ͢Δʹ͸ɼO(n2 ) ճͷؔ਺஋ධ
ՁΛߦ͑͹ྑ͍ɽ
࿈ଓͷತؔ਺͕߱Լ๏ʹΑΓ࠷খԽ͕ߦ͑ͨΑ͏ʹɼఆ
͜͜Ͱɼ্‫ه‬ͷ‫࠷ॴہ‬খੑͷ൑ఆ͸ྼϞδϡϥू߹ؔ਺
ρp (X) := g(p + χX ) − g(p)
ͷ࠷খԽʹ‫ؼ‬ணͰ͖Δɽ͢ͳΘͪɼྼϞδϡϥू߹ؔ਺࠷
খԽΞϧΰϦζϜ [2, 13, 14] Λ༻͍ͯɼଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒͰௐ΂
Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
ཧ 2..1 Λ༻͍ͯɼ࠷‫߱ٸ‬Լ๏͕ఏҊ͞Εͨʢ [10, Sec.
10.1.1]ʣɽ࠷‫߱ٸ‬Լ๏͸ٖଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒΞϧΰϦζϜͰ͋Δͷ
ͰɼεέʔϦϯάٕ๏ͱۙ઀ఆཧΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ
ޮ཰తͳଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒΞϧΰϦζϜ΋ఏҊ͞Εͨ [6, 15, 16]
ʢ [10, Sec. 10.1.2] ΋ࢀরʣɽ·ͨɼ࿈ଓ؇࿨Λ༻͍ͨΑΓ
‫࣮ݱ‬తͳߴ଎ΞϧΰϦζϜ΋։ൃ͞Εͨ [7]ɽ
࿈ଓͷತؔ਺͕߱Լ๏ʹΑΓ࠷খԽ͕ߦ͑ͨΑ͏ʹɼఆ
ཧ 2..2 Λ༻͍ͯɼ࠷‫߱ٸ‬Լ๏͕ఏҊ͞Εͨʢ [10, Sec.
10.3.1]ʣɽ࠷‫߱ٸ‬Լ๏͸ٖଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒΞϧΰϦζϜͰ͋Δͷ
ͰɼεέʔϦϯάٕ๏ͱۙ઀ఆཧΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ
ޮ཰తͳଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒΞϧΰϦζϜ΋ఏҊ͞Εͨʢ [10, Sec.
10.3.2]ʣɽ·ͨɼ࿈ଓ؇࿨Λ༻͍ͨΑΓ‫࣮ݱ‬తͳߴ଎Ξϧ
ΰϦζϜ΋։ൃ͞Εͨ [8]ɽ
2.2.
L ತؔ਺ͱ L ತؔ਺
ຊઅͰ͸ྼϞδϡϥੑʹ‫ ͮ͘ج‬L ತؔ਺Λઆ໌͢Δɽ
ϕΫτϧ p, q ∈ Zn ʹରͯ͠, ੒෼͝ͱʹ࠷େ஋, ࠷খ஋
3.
σϞΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
ΛͱͬͯಘΒΕΔϕΫτϧΛ p ∨ q, p ∧ q ͱॻ͘͜ͱʹ͠,
DCP(Discrete Convex Paradigm) ϓϩδΣΫτ [19] Ͱ
1 = (1, 1, . . . , 1) ∈ Zn ͱ͢Δ. ؔ਺ g : Zn → R ∪ {+∞}
͕ L ತؔ਺Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͸ g ͕ 2 ৚݅
͸ɼલड़ͷ཭ࢄತੑʢL ತੑͱ M ತੑʣΛ༗͢Δؔ਺ͷ࠷
খԽΞϧΰϦζϜ΍ؔ࿈͢ΔΞϧΰϦζϜΛ࣮૷͠ɼ཭ࢄ
離散凸最適化アルゴリズムの応用について 161
ತؔ਺࠷దԽιϧόΛ࢝Ίͱ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯιϑτ
΢ΣΞΛެ։͢Δͱಉ࣌ʹɼιϧόͷಈ࡞ΛखܰʹࢼͤΔ
Α͏ʹɼ͍͔ͭ͘͸ Web ্ͷσϞϯετϨʔγϣϯιϑτ
΢ΣΞͱͯ͠΋ެ։͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼͦͷத͔Βɼ཭
ࢄತؔ਺࠷খԽιϧόͷσϞΞϓϦέʔγϣϯɼࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯɼίʔϧηϯλʔͷγϑτεέδϡʔϦ
ϯάΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛऔΓ্͛Δɽ
3.1.
཭ࢄತؔ਺࠷খԽιϧόͷσϞΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
཭ࢄತؔ਺࠷খԽιϧόͷσϞϯετϨʔγϣϯΛ໨త
ͱͯ͠ɼ2 ࣍ͷ L / M ತؔ਺ɼٖ෼཭ L ತؔ਺ɼ૚‫ܕ‬
M ತؔ਺ͳͲͷ࠷খԽΛѻ͏ Web ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛఏ
‫ͨ͠ڙ‬ɽ
3.1.1.
2 ࣍ؔ਺
L ತ 2 ࣍ؔ਺࠷খԽͷσϞϯετϨʔγϣϯʹ͓͍ͯ
͸ɼར༻ऀ͕ఆٛ͢Δ 2 ࣍ͷ L ತؔ਺
f (x) =
Online solver for quadratic L -convex functions
(output)
ਤ2
3.1.2. ٖ෼཭ L ತؔ਺
ٖ෼཭ L ತؔ਺࠷খԽͷσϞϯετϨʔγϣϯʹ͓͍
ͯ͸ɼ
n
f (x) =
fij (xi − xj ) +
fi (xi )
i=j
i=1
ͷ‫ܗ‬ͷ཭ࢄತؔ਺ʢٖ෼཭ L ತؔ਺ʣͷ࠷খԽ໰୊Λ࠷‫ٸ‬
߱Լ๏Ͱղ͘ɽ֤ fij , fi ͸ 1 ม਺ͷತؔ਺Ͱ͋Γɼ2 ࣍ؔ
1 x Ax + b x
2
਺ɼ4 ࣍ؔ਺ɼࢦ਺ؔ਺ɼઈର஋ؔ਺ͳͲΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽ
ͷ࠷খԽ໰୊Λ࠷‫߱ٸ‬Լ๏Ͱղ͘ɽར༻ऀ͸ɼn ࣍ରশߦ
ར༻ऀ͸ɼύϥϝʔλΛೖྗ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯؔ਺ f Λఆ
ྻ A = (aij ) ͱ n ࣍‫ݩ‬ϕΫτϧ b = (bi ) Λೖྗ͢Δ͜ͱ
ٛ͠ɼॳ‫ظ‬ղ΋ࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
ʹΑͬͯؔ਺ f Λఆٛ͠ɼॳ‫ظ‬ղ΋ࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
͸ɼ࣮૷ͨ͠ιϧόͷத͔ΒʢIFF ๏ʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ʣ࠷‫߱ٸ‬Լ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɼར༻ऀͷೖྗ͕ L ತؔ਺Λ༩͑Δ͔
Λ൑ఆ͢Δ*1 ʢਤ 1ʣɽೖྗ͕ਖ਼͍͠৔߹ʢ͋Δ͍͸ར༻ऀ
͕ਖ਼͍͠΋ͷʹमਖ਼ͨ͠৔߹ʣʹ͸ɼ
ʮMinimizeʯϘλϯΛ
ԡ͢͜ͱ͕ՄೳʹͳΔɽར༻ऀ͕͜ͷϘλϯΛԡ͢ͱɼΞ
ϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ʢશྻ‫ͮ͘جʹڍ‬ʣ࠷‫߱ٸ‬Լ๏Λద༻͠ɼ
๏Λద༻͠ɼ‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ్த‫ܦ‬աͱͱ΋ʹग़ྗ͢Δɽ
3.1.3. ૚‫ ܕ‬M ತؔ਺
૚‫ ܕ‬M ತؔ਺࠷খԽͷσϞϯετϨʔγϣϯʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ
f (x) =
fY (x(Y )),
x(Y ) =
xi
‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ్த‫ܦ‬աͱͱ΋ʹग़ྗ͢Δʢਤ 2ʣɽM ತ 2 ࣍ؔ਺
ʹؔͯ͠΋ɼಉ༷Ͱ͋Δɽ
Y ∈T
i∈Y
ͷ‫ܗ‬ͷ཭ࢄತؔ਺ͷ࠷খԽ໰୊Λ࠷‫߱ٸ‬Լ๏Ͱղ͘ɽ͜͜
ͰɼT ͸૚଒ʢ೚ҙͷ X, Y ∈ T ʹରͯ͠ X ∩ Y , X \ Y ,
Y \ X ͷͲΕ͔͸ۭू߹Ͱ͋Δू߹଒ʣͰɼ֤ fY ͸ 1 ม
਺ͷತؔ਺Ͱ͋Δɽ2 ࣍ؔ਺ɼ4 ࣍ؔ਺ɼࢦ਺ؔ਺ɼઈର஋
ؔ਺ͳͲΛఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δɽར༻ऀ͸ɼύϥϝʔλΛೖྗ͢
Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯؔ਺ f Λఆٛ͠ɼॳ‫ظ‬ղ΋ࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͕
Ͱ͖ΔɽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɼ࣮૷ͨ͠ιϧόͷத͔Β࠷
‫߱ٸ‬Լ๏Λద༻͠ɼ‫ࢉܭ‬ͷ్த‫ܦ‬աͱͱ΋ʹग़ྗ͢Δɽ
Online solver for quadratic L -convex functions
(input)
ਤ1
*1 f
͕ L ತؔ਺ ⇐⇒ aij ≤ 0 (i = j),
n
j=1
3.2. ࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧ
཭ࢄತؔ਺࠷খԽͷιϧόΛ࠷దԽΤϯδϯͱͯ͠૊Έ
ࠐΜͩࡏ‫ݿ‬ίετ࠷খԽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ։ൃͯ͠ɼΦϯ
ϥΠϯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱͯ͠ެ։ͨ͠ɽΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ
Ͱ͸ɼ෦඼਺ n Λ͸͡Ίͱ͢Δ֤छύϥϝʔλ p, cj , λj (j =
1, . . . , n) Λର࿩తʹೖྗ͠ (ਤ 3)ɼ࠷దԽΛ࣮ߦ͢Δͱɼ࠷
దͳ༧උ඼ͷ४උ‫ͱ਺ݸ‬ɼͦͷࡍͷίετ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔΑ
͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ (ਤ 4)ɽ
͜͜Ͱ༻͍ͨ༧උ඼ࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧϞσϧ͸ Miller [4] ʹΑͬ
ͯఏҊ͞Εͨ΋ͷͰɼधཁྔɼൃ஫ྔ͕཭ࢄ஋ΛͱΔ΋ͷ
ʢόοΫΦʔμʔΛߟྀͨ͠ଟ඼छϞσϧʣͰ͋Γɼߤۭ‫ػ‬
੔උʹ͓͚Δ෦඼؅ཧ౳ʹ༻͍ΒΕΔɽจ‫[ ݙ‬4] Ͱ͸ɼࡏ
‫ݿ‬අ༻ؔ਺ͷ਺ֶతͳऔѻ͍ͷͨΊʹʮMiller ͷ཭ࢄತؔ
਺ʯͷ֓೦Λఆٛ͠ɼ
ʢ‫͕ྔࢉܭ‬ଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒͰ͸ͳ͍ʣ࠷খ
aij ≥ 0 (i = 1, . . . , n).
162
森口聡子
ԽΞϧΰϦζϜΛఏҊ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷࡏ‫ݿ‬අ༻ؔ਺͸ɼ‫ޙ‬
ʹɼL ತؔ਺Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ͕൑໌͍ͯ͠Δ [5, 11]ɽ͜ͷ͜ͱ
ͱɼͦͷࡍͷαʔϏεϨϕϧ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯ
Δ (ਤ 6)ɽ
͔Β, L ತؔ਺ͷ࠷খԽΞϧΰϦζϜʹΑΓɼࡏ‫ݿ‬අ༻ؔ
਺ͷ࠷খԽΛޮ཰తʹߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬։ൃͨ͠ΦϯϥΠϯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɼར༻
ऀ͕ର࿩తʹύϥϝʔλೖྗɾ࠷దԽΛߦͬͯॠ࣌ʹ݁ՌΛ
ಘΒΕΔൣғͷ໰୊αΠζʹରͯ͠ఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δ͕ɼ͞Β
ʹେ‫ن‬໛ͳࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧΛඞཁͱ͢Δ৔߹͸ɼ[7, 8] ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ‫ج‬
ʹͯ͠։ൃ͞Εͨ཭ࢄತؔ਺࠷খԽιϧό ODICON [20]
Λμ΢ϯϩʔυͯ͠ར༻ऀͷϩʔΧϧ‫࠷Ͱڥ؀‬దԽΛ࣮ߦ
͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
͜͜Ͱ༻͍ͨϞσϧ͸ɼKoole–Sluis [3] ͷϞσϧͰɼαʔ
ϏεϨϕϧ S(y) ͷ۩ମ‫ܗ‬͸ɼ଴ͪߦྻϞσϧ M/M/n ʹ‫ج‬
͍ͮͯఆΊΒΕ͍ͯΔɽKoole–Sluis [3] Ͱ͸ɼ−S(y) ͕Ϛ
ϧνϞδϡϥ (multimodular) ؔ਺ͱ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔ཭ࢄತੑΛ
༗͢Δ͜ͱΛࢦఠ͠ɼώϡʔϦεςΟΫεʹ‫࠷ͮ͘ج‬దԽख
๏Λఏࣔͨ͠ɽ཭ࢄತղੳͷཧ࿦‫ʹڀݚ‬ΑΓɼϚϧνϞδϡ
ϥੑ͸ L ੑͱ౳Ձͳ֓೦Ͱ͋ΓɼϚϧνϞδϡϥؔ਺ͱ L
ತؔ਺ͷؒʹ͸ɼม਺ม‫׵‬Λ௨ͯ͡ 1 ର 1 ରԠ͕͋Δ͜ͱ
͕஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔ [10,11]ɽ͜ͷࣄ࣮ʹΑΓɼKoole–Sluis ͷ
Ϟσϧ͸ L ತؔ਺ͷ੍໿ͳ͠ͷ࠷খԽ໰୊Λղ͘͜ͱͰɼ
‫ີݫ‬ղΛޮ཰Α͘‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬։ൃͨ͠ΦϯϥΠϯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɼར༻
ऀ͕ର࿩తʹύϥϝʔλೖྗɾ࠷దԽΛߦͬͯॠ࣌ʹ݁Ռ
ΛಘΒΕΔൣғͷ໰୊αΠζʹରͯ͠ఏ‫͍ͯ͠ڙ‬Δ͕ɼಠ
ࣗͷγϑτߏ੒΍͞Βʹେ‫ن‬໛ͳεέδϡʔϦϯάΛඞཁ
ͱ͢Δ৔߹͸ɼ[7, 8] ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ‫ͯ͠ʹج‬։ൃ͞Εͨ཭ࢄತؔ
਺࠷খԽ ODICON [20] Λμ΢ϯϩʔυͯ͠ར༻ऀͷϩʔ
Χϧ‫࠷Ͱڥ؀‬దԽΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ
ਤ3
Online solver for an inventory problem (input)
ਤ4
Online solver for an inventory problem (output)
3.3.
ίʔϧηϯλʔʹ͓͚ΔγϑτεέδϡʔϦϯά
཭ࢄತؔ਺࠷খԽͷιϧόΛ࠷దԽΤϯδϯͱͯ͠૊Έ
ࠐΜͩɼίʔϧηϯλʔʹ͓͚ΔγϑτεέδϡʔϦϯά
ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ։ൃͯ͠ɼΦϯϥΠϯΞϓϦέʔγϣ
ϯͱͯ͠ެ։ͨ͠ɽ
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸ɼ֤࣌ؒ۠ؒͷ٬ͷ౸ண཰ λi ɼΦ
ϖϨʔλͷαʔϏε཰ μɼ٬Λ଴ͨͤΔ࣌ؒͷ‫ݶ‬քͷ‫ج‬४
஋ c ͳͲͷύϥϝʔλΛର࿩తʹೖྗ͠ (ਤ 5)ɼ࠷దԽΛ
࣮ߦ͢Δͱɼ֤γϑτʹ഑ஔ͢ΔΦϖϨʔλͷ࠷దͳਓ਺
ਤ 5
Online solver for a call center shift scheduling
problem (input)
離散凸最適化アルゴリズムの応用について 163
[3] G. Koole and E. van der Sluis, “Optimal Shift
Scheduling with a Global Service Level Constraint,” IIE Transactions, Vol. 35 pp. 1049–1055,
2003.
[4] B.L. Miller, “On Minimizing Nonseparable Functions Defined on the Integers with an Inventory
Application,” SIAM J. on Appl. Math., Vol. 21,
pp.166–185, 1971.
[5] S. Moriguchi and K. Murota, “Discrete Hessian
Matrix for L-convex Functions,” IEICE Trans.
Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications
and Computer Sciences, Vol. E88-A, pp. 1104–
1108, 2005.
[6] S. Moriguchi, K. Murota, and A. Shioura, “Scaling
Algorithms for M-convex Function Minimization,”
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals, Vol. E85A, pp. 922–929, 2002.
ਤ 6
Online solver for a call center shift scheduling
problem (output)
4. ͓ΘΓʹ
ຊߘͰ͸ɼ཭ࢄತղੳཧ࿦ͷ੒ՌΛԠ༻෼໺ͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬ɾ
࣮຿Ո͕ར༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͱ͍͏໨తͰ֤छιϑτ΢ΣΞ
ͷ։ൃɾެ։͕ਐΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ DCP ϓϩδΣΫτ [19] ͷ
Ұ୺Λ୲͏ɼ཭ࢄತ࠷దԽʹؔ࿈͢ΔΞϧΰϦζϜͱͦΕ
Λ঺հ͢ΔσϞϯετϨʔγϣϯιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ࠷ۙͷ։
ൃঢ়‫͍ͯͭʹگ‬ใࠂͨ͠ɽ཭ࢄತղੳʹ͓͚Δ࠷৽ͷΞϧ
ΰϦζϜཧ࿦Λར༻͠΍͍͢‫ެͰܗ‬։͞ΕͨॳΊͯͷࢼΈ
Ͱ͋Δͱಉ࣌ʹɼ‫ط‬ଘͷํ๏Ͱ͸ଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒʹΑΔղ๏͕
༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨࡏ‫ݿ‬؅ཧɼγϑτεέδϡʔϦϯά
ͷԠ༻෼໺ʹ͓͍ͯɼ཭ࢄತղੳཧ࿦ͷਐలʹΑΓޮ཰త
ͳଟ߲ࣜ࣌ؒ‫ٻ‬ղ͕ՄೳͱͳͬͨࣄྫΛɼཧ࿦ͷৄࡉΛཧ
ղͤͣͱ΋ͦͷҙٛΛ‫ڗ‬डͰ͖ΔΑ͏։ൃ͠ɼެ։ͨ͠΋
ͷͰ͋Δɽ
DCP ϓϩδΣΫτ͸ൃల్্ͷஈ֊Ͱ͋ΓɼΑΓ޿ൣͳ
Ԡ༻෼໺ʹରͯ͠ΞϧΰϦζϜͷ༗༻ੑΛࣔ͢ιϑτ΢Σ
ΞΛ։ൃɾެ։͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕ࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷ՝୊Ͱ͋Δɽ
ࢀߟจ‫ݙ‬
[7] S. Moriguchi, A. Shioura, and N. Tsuchimura, “Mconvex Function Minimization by Continuous Relaxation Approach—Proximity Theorem and Algorithm,” SIAM Journal on Optimization, Vol. 21
pp. 633–668, 2011.
[8] S. Moriguchi. and N. Tsuchimura, “Discrete Lconvex Function Minimization Based on Continuous Relaxation,” Pacific Journal of Optimization,
Vol. 5 pp. 227–236, 2009.
[9] ࣨా Ұ༤, ཭ࢄತղੳ, ‫ཱڞ‬ग़൛ɼ2001.
[10] K. Murota, Discrete Convex Analysis, SIAM, 2003.
[11] ࣨా Ұ༤ɼ཭ࢄತղੳͷߟ͔͑ͨɼ ‫ཱڞ‬ग़൛ɼ౦‫ژ‬ɼ
2007.
[12] K. Murota and A. Shioura, “Fundamental Properties of M-convex and L-convex Functions in Continuous Variables,” IEICE Trans. Fundamentals
of Electronics, Communications and Computer
Sciences, Vol. E87-A, pp.1042–1052, 2004.
[13] J.B. Orlin, “A Faster Strongly Polynomial Algorithm for Submodular Function Minimization,”
in Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization, 12th International IPCO Conference,
Ithaca, NY, USA, June 25-27, 2007, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4513,
eds. M. Fischetti and D. Williamson, pp. 240–251,
Springer, Berlin, 2007.
[1] M. Begen and M. Queyranne, “Appointment
Scheduling with Discrete Random Durations,”
Mathematics of Operations Research, Vol. 36 pp.
240–257, 2011.
[14] A. Schrijver, “A Combinatorial Algorithm Minimizing Submodular Functions in Strongly Polynomial Time,” J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B, Vol. 80, pp.
346–355, 2000.
[2] S. Iwata, L. Fleischer, and S. Fujishige, “A Combinatorial Strongly Polynomial Algorithm for Minimizing Submodular Functions,” J. ACM, Vol. 48,
pp. 761–777, 2001.
[15] A. Shioura, “Fast Scaling Algorithms for Mconvex Function Minimization with Application
to Resource Allocation Problem,” Discrete Appl.
Math., Vol. 134, pp. 303–316, 2003.
164
森口聡子
[16] A. Tamura,“ Coordinatewise Domain Scaling Algorithm for M-convex Function Minimization,”
Math. Prog., Vol. 102, pp. 339–354, 2005.
[17] ాଜ໌‫ٱ‬ɼ཭ࢄತղੳͱήʔϜཧ࿦ɼே૔ॻళɼ౦‫ژ‬ɼ
2009.
[18] P.H. Zipkin: “On the Structure of Lost-Sales Inventory Models,” Operations Research, Vol. 56,
No. 4, pp. 937-944, 2008.
[19] K. Murota, S. Iwata, A. Shioura, S. Moriguchi,
N. Tsuchimura, and N. Kakimura, DCP (Discrete
Convex Paradigm): http://www.misojiro.t.
u-tokyo.ac.jp/DCP/
[20] ౔ଜల೭, ODICON: http://www.misojiro.t.
u-tokyo.ac.jp/˜tutimura/odicon/
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.165－170 （2012） 〔研究速報〕
㐲㝸䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥䜢௓䛧䛯
㜵⅏䜎䛱䛵䛟䜚䛾ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᐇ㊶ሗ࿌
బ㻌 䚻㻌 ᮌ㻌 ୍㻌 ᫴* 䞉 ⬥㻌 ⏣㻌 ⌮㻌 ே** 䞉 ᒣ㻌 ᐙ㻌 ி㻌 Ꮚ***
Development of Community-based Workshop for Disaster Mitigation
with Remote Supporting Tools
Isshin Sasaki*, Masato Wakita** and Kyoko Yamaga
Abstract
The intention of this research is to explorer the new possibilities of the workshop with real-time text
and movie sharing. We put into practice as two workshop sessions, Remote guided tool and Disaster
simulation game. The process of two workshops behind a resident’s observation was analyzed as
compared with the ordinary way of workshop without any sharing service. In the process of remote
workshop some site-oriented questions were abstracted from the site-oriented movie, and we
developed new view types that could be shared with each participants. Finally in two parts of
experimentation, the technical based problems to solve and the practical uses of remote workshop
were found to be worth considering.
Keywords: Workshop, Support tools, Remote participation
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
1.1.
⫼ᬒ
㻌 ㏆ᖺ䠈 facebook 䜔 Twitter ὀ 1 䛻௦⾲䛥䜜䜛䝋䞊䝅䝱䝹䝯
䝕䜱䜰䛾ከ䛟䛜ᦠᖏ᝟ሗ➃ᮎ䜢௓䛧䛶ᗈ䛟ά⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛣䛖䛧䛯ᦠᖏ᝟ሗ➃ᮎ䜢௓䛧䛯䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉䝃䞊䝡䝇
䛾୺䛺≉ᚩ䛿䠈䝴䞊䝄䞊䛜❧䛱఍䛖䇾≉ᐃ䛾ሙᡤ䇿䛻㛵㐃䛩
䜛᝟ሗ䠄䝔䜻䝇䝖䜔⏬ീ䞉ື⏬䠅ὀ 2 䜢ಶู䛻Ⓨಙ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ
⬟䛷䛒䜛Ⅼ䠈䛺䜙䜃䛻㐲㝸ᆅ䛛䜙௚䛾䝴䞊䝄䞊䛾ᢞ✏᝟ሗ
䜢ྠ᫬ⓗ䛻㜀ぴ䞉ඹ᭷䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛Ⅼ䛻䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯
ᦠᖏ᝟ሗ➃ᮎ䛜ᦠᖏ໬䞉㧗ᶵ⬟໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈୍ಶே䛷
䛒䛳䛶䜒⡆༢䛻䝔䜻䝇䝖䜔㡢ኌ䠈⏬ീ䜔ື⏬䜢Ⓨಙ䞉ඹ᭷䛩
䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏┤ᚋ䛻䛚䛔
䛶䛿䠈㟁ヰᅇ⥺䛻䜘䜛᝟ሗఏ㐩䛜ᴟ䜑䛶ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛୍᪉䛷䠈
䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䜢ά⏝䛧䛯᝟ሗ㏻ಙ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛿ẚ㍑ⓗᶵ⬟䛧
䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䛾෕㛗໬䛥䜜䛯䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾᭷⏝ᛶ䛜෌☜ㄆ䛥䜜䜛
䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊䛣䛖䛧䛯≧ἣୗ䛷䠈ᆅᇦ䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱䛻䛚䛡䜛⮬
୺ⓗ䛺ᆅᇦ㜵⅏άື䜔䜎䛱䛵䛟䜚άື䛾୍ຓ䛸䛧䛶䠈䝁䝭䝳
䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ά⏝䛧䛯ᐇ㊶ⓗ䛺ᡭἲ䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜
䛶䛔䜛䠊
1.2. ┠ⓗ
ᮏ✏䛿䠈ᦠᖏ᝟ሗ➃ᮎ䜢௓䛧䛯䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉䝃䞊䝡
䝇䜢ᆅᇦ㜵⅏䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥(WS)䛻⤌䜏㎸䜏䠈᪂䛯䛺䜎䛱䛵
䛟䜚ᨭ᥼䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䜢ᥦ♧䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ヨ䜏䜛䠊≉ᐃ䛾ᆅᇦ䜔ሙ
ᡤ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟᝟ሗ䜢Ⓨಙ䛩䜛䝴䞊䝄䞊䛸䠈㐲㝸ᆅ䛛䜙䛭䜜䜙䛾
᝟ሗ䜢ྲྀᚓ䞉ά⏝䜢ヨ䜏䜛୙≉ᐃከᩘ䛾䝴䞊䝄䞊㛫䛾᝟ሗ
ఏ㐩䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻╔┠䛧䠈WS 䛾᳨ド䛸ㄢ㢟ᢳฟ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䜢
┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛䠊ᮏ✏䛾 WS 䛿䠈㐲㝸ᆅ䛻䛚䛡䜛⌧ᆅ᝟ሗ䜢᧜
ᙳ⌜䛸఍ሙཧຍ⪅䠄ᆅᇦఫẸ䠅䛷ඹ᭷䜢ヨ䜏䜛䛂㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ
䛝 WS䛃䛸䠈㐲㝸ᆅ䛾᝿ᐃ⅏ᐖ≧ἣ䜢ඹ᭷䛧䛶ᒇእάື䛾༠
ຊ䜢ヨ䜏䜛䛂㐲㝸㜵⅏ WS䛃䛾 2 䛴䛛䜙䛺䜛䠊㐲㝸㜵⅏ WS
䛿 DIG(⅏ᐖᅗୖカ⦎)䜢ᐇ✵㛫䛷ᒎ㛤䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈᝿
ᐃ䛥䜜䜛⅏ᐖ᝟ሗ䜢⌧ᆅ᝟ሗ䛻⨨䛝᥮䛘䛶ඹ᭷䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈
⅏ᐖ᫬䛾ᑐᛂ䜢᝿ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
1.3. ᪤ ◊✲
㻌 ᆅᇦ䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱䛻䛚䛡䜛ఫẸ㛫䛾᝟ሗඹ᭷䜔ྜពᙧᡂ䜢
┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥(௨ୗ WS)䛿䠈䜎䛱䛵䛟䜚䛾⌧ሙ䛷
ᗈ䛟ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䛺䛛䛷䜒䜎䛱Ṍ䛝䛿䠈ᆅᇦ㈨※䜔ㄢ㢟
䜢Ⓨぢ䛧ඹ᭷䛩䜛ᡭἲ䛸䛧䛶ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛱Ṍ䛝䛷ᚓ
䛯᝟ሗ䜔▱ぢ䛿ᆅᅗ䛻᭩䛝㎸䜣䛰䜚෗┿䜢ῧ௜䛧䛯䜚䛧䛶
Ⅼ᳨ᆅᅗ䛸䛧䛶䜎䛸䜑䜙䜜䠈᝟ሗඹ᭷䛜ᅗ䜙䜜䜛䠊Ⅼ᳨ᆅᅗ
䛿᭩䛝㎸䜏䜔෗┿ῧ௜䛾సᴗ䜢క䛖㝿䛻᝟ሗ䛾෌☜ㄆ䛜䛺
䛥䜜䠈どぬⓗ䛛䛴ゐ᥋ⓗ䛺ᡂᯝ≀䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛Ⅼ䛷᝟ሗඹ᭷
䛻኱ኚຠᯝⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈⣬፹య䛷䛾ᡂᯝ≀䛻䛚䛔䛶
䛿ྲྀᚓ᝟ሗ䛾ಶู䛾ᒚṔ䜔ᒓᛶ䜢୍ᣓ䛧䛶ฎ⌮䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿
ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜚䠈䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 WS 䛻ཧຍ䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䝯䞁䝞䞊䛸᝟
ሗඹ᭷䛜䛺䛥䜜䛻䛟䛔䛺䛹ㄢ㢟䜒ṧ䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷 WS 䛺
䛹䛷⾜䜟䜜䛶䛝䛯㜵⅏ᩍ⫱䞉᝟ሗඹ᭷䝒䞊䝹䛸䛧䛶䛾䝀䞊䝭
䞁䜾䛷䛿䠈䜽䝻䝇䝻䞊䝗 1)䜔㜵⅏䛩䛤䜝䛟➼ὀ 3 䛜㛤Ⓨ䛥䜜䛶䛔
Received on September 30, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡኱Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ䠈Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology
**ΎỈᘓタ䠈Shimizu Corporation
***⚄ዉᕝ኱Ꮫ, Kanagawa University
166
佐々木一晋
䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䝒䞊䝹䛾ከ䛟䛿䠈㜵⅏ୖ䛾▱㆑䜢Ꮫ䜃䠈㜵⅏ព
㆑䜢㧗䜑䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶సᡂ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈ᆅᇦᅛ᭷
䛾㜵⅏᝟ሗ䜢⤌䜏㎸䜣䛰䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ᐇ✵㛫䛻䛚䛡䜛㜵
⅏᝟ሗ䜈䛾ᑐฎ䞉ඹ᭷䛾䛒䜚᪉䛸䛿኱䛝䛟␗䛺䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
㏆ᖺ䠈᝟ሗᢏ⾡䛾ᬑཬ䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈WS 䛻䛚䛡䜛᝟ሗඹ᭷䜢
ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䝒䞊䝹䛾ά⏝䛜ヨ䜏䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㟼Ṇ⏬䜢⏝䛔䜛
◊✲䛷䛿䠈ຍ㈡䜙 2)䛜 GPS 䜹䝯䝷௜䛝ᦠᖏ䜢฼⏝䛧䠈䜎䛱Ṍ
䛝䛷᧜ᙳ䛧䛯⏬ീ䛸䛸䜒䛻௜ຍ᝟ሗ䜢཰㞟䛧䠈3D ✵㛫䝰䝕
䝹䜢⏝䛔䛶⏬ീ⾲♧䜢⾜䛘䜛ᬒほホ౯䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䛶
䛚䜚䠈䝞䞊䝏䝱䝹䝸䜰䝸䝔䜱䜢ά⏝䛧䛯஦౛䛷䛿䠈᭷㤿䜙 3)䜔
኱⏿䜙 4)䛜ᬒほ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䛻䜘䜛䜲䝯䞊䝆ඹ᭷䠈ྜពᙧ
ᡂ䜢ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢㛤Ⓨ䛧䠈ពぢ䛾ලయ໬䜔✵㛫ᢕᥱ
䛻ຠᯝ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛯䠊WebGIS 䜢ά⏝䛧䛯஦౛䛷䛿䠈
㜿㒊䜙 5)䛜 WS 䛾஦๓䞉஦ᚋ䛷䜒฼⏝ྍ⬟䛺䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᵓ⠏
䛧䠈ពᛮఏ㐩䜔䜲䝯䞊䝆ඹ᭷䛻ຠᯝ䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯䛣䛸䛜ሗ࿌䛥
䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾◊✲䛿䠈᝟ሗᢏ⾡䜢ά⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈᝟
ሗ䛾ධᡭ䛺䜙䜃䛻஧ḟ฼⏝䜢ᐜ᫆䛻䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻ඃ䜜䛶
䛔䜛䛜䠈ᑓ⏝䛻䝥䝻䜾䝷䝭䞁䜾䛧䛯䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰䜢౑⏝䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈
ᐇ᪋䛻䛿㧗ᗘ䛺ᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑䛸タഛ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ㄢ㢟
䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈ᘓ⠏䞉㒔ᕷィ⏬ศ㔝䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈ᮏ✏䛷ᢅ䛖䝸
䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮ື⏬ඹ᭷䝃䞊䝡䝇䜔䝔䜻䝇䝖ඹ᭷䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢 WS
ᨭ᥼䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲䛿ᮍ䛰䜏䜙䜜䛺䛔䠊
2. WS ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ䛾ᯟ⤌䜏
ᮏ✏䛷ᥦ♧䛩䜛 WS ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ䛿䠈㐲㝸ᆅ䛾᝟ሗ䛾ᢕᥱ䜢
ྍ⬟䛻䛩䜛䛂㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 WS䛃䛸䠈㐲㝸ᆅ䛾᝿ᐃ⅏ᐖ≧ἣ
䛻ᛂ䛨䛶ᒇእάື䛾༠ຊ䜢ヨ䜏䜛䛂㐲㝸㜵⅏ WS䛃䛾 2 䛴䛷
䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ䜢⏝ព䛩䜛䛻ᙜ䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈2009 ᖺ
ᗘ WS 䛻䛚䛡䜛ఫẸ䛾Ⓨゝ䜔ఫẸ䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䠈㜵⅏䝬
䝑䝥䛻ᥖ㍕䛧䛯㜵⅏㛵㐃䛾ᆅᇦ᝟ሗ䛾ά⏝䜢ヨ䜏䛶䛔䜛䠊
ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 WS 䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈㐲㝸ᆅ䛾᧜ᙳ
䝹䞊䝖䛾㑅ᐃ䛾㝿䛾ุ᩿ᮦᩱ䠈㐲㝸㜵⅏ WS 䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䝹
䞊䝹䞉䝍䝇䜽タᐃ䜔䝁䞁䝔䞁䝒䛾タィ᮲௳䛻᥇⏝䛧䛯(ᅗ 1)䠊
3. 㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 WS 䛾ᐇドᐇ㦂
3.1. 㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 WS ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ
㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 㼃㻿 䛷䛿䠈᧜ᙳ⌜䛜䛂㼁㻿㼀㻾㻱㻭㻹䛃䜢ά⏝䛧䛶
㐲㝸ᆅ䛾⌧ᆅᫎീ䜢఍ሙෆ䛻㓄ಙ䜢⾜䛖䠊఍ሙ䠄⮬἞఍㤋䠅
䛻㞟䜎䜛ཧຍ⪅䠄ᆅᇦఫẸ䠅䛿 㻟 ⌜䛻ศ䛛䜜䠈ᢞᙳ䛥䜜䜛⌧
ᅗ 㻝㻌 㐲㝸䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ䛾ᵓ⠏䛻ྥ䛡䛯ᐇ㦂䝥䝻䝉䝇㻌
ᆅᫎീ䜢ど⫈䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈㛵㐃䛩䜛Ⓨゝ䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䛟䠊ྛ
⌜䛾ཧຍ⪅䛾Ⓨゝ䛿䠈グ㘓ಀ䜢㏻䛨䛶䛂㼀㼣㼕㼠㼠㼑㼞䛃䛻ᢞ✏䛥䜜䠈
఍ሙෆ䛻ᢞᙳ䛥䜜䜛⌧ᆅᫎീ䛾㞄䛻ྛ⌜䛾䝁䝯䞁䝖䛾୍ぴ
䛜ᢞᙳ䛥䜜䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈㼀㼣㼕㼠㼠㼑㼞 䛻ᢞ✏䛥䜜䛯ྛ䝏䞊䝮䛾Ⓨゝ
䛿᧜ᙳ⌜䜒☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜚䠈㐺ᐅ䠈఍ሙෆ䛾Ⓨゝ
ෆᐜ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶᧜ᙳ䝹䞊䝖䛜ኚ᭦䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻔ᅗ
㻞㻕䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾᪤Ꮡ䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢౑⏝䛧䛯⌮⏤䛿䠈㼀㼣㼕㼠㼠㼑㼞 䛻䛴䛔
䛶䛿䝔䜻䝇䝖ඹ᭷䛾᧯స᪉ἲ䛜༢⣧䛷䛒䜚䠈㻌 㻭㻼㻵 ὀ 5 䜢ά⏝
䛧䛯⊂⮬䝒䞊䝹䜈䛾ᣑᙇᛶ䜢᭷䛧䛶䛔䜛Ⅼ䛻䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈
㼁㻿㼀㻾㻱㻭㻹 䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈䝡䝕䜸䜹䝯䝷䛸䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛻᥋⥆
ྍ⬟䛺 㻼㻯䠈䜒䛧䛟䛿㏆ᖺᬑཬ䛧䛶䛔䜛䝇䝬䞊䝖䝣䜷䞁䛺䛹䛸㐃
ᦠ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᡭ㍍䛻⏕୰⥅ື⏬䜢㓄ಙ䛷䛝䜛Ⅼ䛻䛒䜛䠊㻌
㻌
ᅗ 㻞㻌 㐲㝸 㼃㻿 ᨭ᥼䛾ᴫᛕᅗ㻌
3.2. ᐇ㦂䛾┠ⓗ䛸ᴫせ
㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻜 ᖺ 㻝㻞 ᭶䠈ᶓ὾ᕷ⚄ዉᕝ༊ 㻿 ᆅ༊䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛶䠈㐲㝸
ᆅ䛛䜙䛾⌧ᆅ᝟ሗ䛾ྲྀᚓ䞉ඹ᭷ᡭἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᐇドᐇ㦂䜢⾜
䛳䛯䠊ཧຍ⪅䛿䠈ᆅᇦఫẸ 㻝㻠 ྡ䛻Ꮫ⏕䜢ຍ䛘䠈ᘏ䜉 㻟㻞 ྡ䛷
䛒䜛䠊ᐇ㦂୰䛾ཧຍ⪅䛾Ⓨゝ䠈ᐇ㦂ᚋ䛻ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖
ㄪᰝ䠈ཧຍ⪅䛾⮬⏤ពぢ䜢䜒䛸䛻 㼃㻿 䛾᳨ド䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊㼃㻿
䛾┠ⓗ䛿䠈㻞㻜㻜㻥 ᖺᗘ䛾ఫẸ䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯㜵⅏
㛵㐃䛾ᆅᇦ᝟ሗ䜢䠈⌧ᆅ䛛䜙㓄ಙ䛥䜜䜛ື⏬䜢䜒䛸䛻☜ㄆ䛩
䜛䛣䛸䠈䛺䜙䜃䛻ලయⓗ䛺ᨵၿ⟇䛺䛹䜢㆟ㄽ䞉ඹ᭷䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷
䛒䜛䠊㻌
㻌 ஦๓䛾ఫẸ䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛂䠄ఫẸ䛜䠅㛵ᚰ䜢䜒
䛴㜵⅏㛵㐃䛾ᆅᇦ᝟ሗ䛃䜢୍ᕠ䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻᧜ᙳ䝹䞊䝖䠄௬䠅䜢
㑅ᐃ䛩䜛୍᪉䛷䠈ᐇ㝿䛻䛿䠈఍ሙෆ䛾ཧຍ⪅䛾Ⓨゝ䛻䜘䛳
䛶䝹䞊䝖ኚ᭦䜔⌧ᆅᫎീ䛜ㄪᩚ䛥䜜䜛᪨䜢ཧຍ⪅䛻஦๓䛻
࿘▱䛧䛯䠊⌧ᆅᫎീ䛾⏕୰⥅䛿⣙ 㻟㻟 ศ㛫㓄ಙ䛥䜜䠈ཧຍ⪅
䛿఍ሙෆ䛷 㻭㻘㻮㻘㻯 䛾 㻟 䛴䛾⌜䛻ศ䛛䜜䛶⌧ᆅᫎീ䜢ど⫈䛧
䛯䠊༴㝤⟠ᡤ䛻㛵䛩䜛᝟ሗ䜔Ẽ௜䛔䛯䝁䝯䞁䝖䛺䛹䛜⌧ᆅᫎ
ീ䛸ᑐᛂ䛵䛡䛶グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䛟䠊㻌 㻝 ⌜䛿ᆅᇦఫẸ 㻠ࠥ㻢 ྡ䛷
遠隔ワークショップを介した防災まちづくりの支援環境に関する実践報告 167
ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䠈Ꮫ⏕ 㻠ࠥ㻡 ྡ䛜⿵ຓᙺ䛸䛧䛶ᚅᶵ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䝣䜯䝅
䝸䝔䞊䝍䞊䜔グ㘓ಀ䛾ᙺ๭䜢ཷ䛡ᣢ䛳䛯䠊㼃㻿 䛾ලయⓗᐇ᪋
ෆᐜ䜢ᅗ 㻟 䛻䠈఍ሙ䛾䝺䜲䜰䜴䝖䜢ᅗ 㻠 䛻♧䛩䠊㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠏㻌 㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 㼃㻿 䛾ලయⓗᐇ᪋ෆᐜ㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠑㻌 ᐇ㦂୰䛾᧜ᙳ⪅䛸ཧຍ⪅䛾䜔䜚䛸䜚㻌
㻌㻌
ᅗ䠐㻌 ఍ሙ䛾䝺䜲䜰䜴䝖㻌
3.3. ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ䛸᳨ド
ᐇ㦂୰䛻 Twitter 䛻ᢞ✏䛥䜜䛯ཧຍ⪅䛾Ⓨゝ䠈䜰䞁䜿䞊
䝖ㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䠈WS 䛷䛾⮬⏤Ⓨゝ䜢䜒䛸䛻䠈㐲㝸ᆅ䛛䜙䛾⌧
ᆅ᝟ሗ䛾ᢕᥱ䠈άⓎ䛺㆟ㄽ䛾ಁ㐍䛻㛵䛩䜛ຠᯝ䛸䝒䞊䝹䛾
䝴䞊䝄䝡䝸䝔䜱ཬ䜃ㄢ㢟䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䠊
㻔㻝㻕ཧຍ⪅䛾Ⓨゝ㻌
㻌 ཧຍ⪅䛸᧜ᙳ⪅䛸䛾䜔䜚䛸䜚䛛䜙⌧ᆅᫎീ䛜ᒁᡤⓗ䛻䜽䝻
䞊䝈䜰䝑䝥䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㓄ಙᫎീ䛻㛵䛩䜛ලయⓗ䛺Ⓨゝ䜔
⅏ᐖ᫬䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛯Ⓨゝ䛜ᘬ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䜛䜿䞊䝇䛜ぢཷ䛡䜙䜜
䛯䠊ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈⏫ෆ䛻タ⨨䛥䜜䛯ᾘⅆ⟽䛻㛵䛩䜛⌧ᆅᫎ
ീ䜢㓄ಙ䛩䜛ሙ㠃䛷䛿䠈ᾘⅆ⟽䜢᧜ᙳ䛧䛯᫬Ⅼ䛷䠈䛂㘽䛾Ꮡ
ᅾ䜢▱䜙䛺䛔䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯ᆅᇦఫẸ䛜䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜚䠈䛥䜙䛻
䛿䠈ᫎീ䜢㘽䛻䜽䝻䞊䝈䜰䝑䝥䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㘽䛿 3 ᱆䛾␒ྕ䛷
ゎ㝖䛩䜛䝍䜲䝥䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䠊఍ሙෆ䛷䛿㘽䛾䝍
䜲䝥䜢▱䜛ఫẸ䛿ᑡᩘ䛷䛒䜚䠈㓄ಙᫎീ䜢㏻䛨䛶᪂䛯䛻⟶⌮
㠃䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄢ㢟Ⅼ䛜ᢳฟ䛥䜜䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈䛣䛾䜔䜚䛸䜚䜢ぢ䛶䛔
䛯ู䛾ど⫈⪅䜙䛛䜙䛂(⅏ᐖ᫬䛻䛿)㘽䛹䛖䛣䛖ゝ䛳䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ
䛷䛿䛺䛔䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯⅏ᐖ᫬䛾ᑐᛂ䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛯Ⓨゝ䜔䠈䛂㘽䛜
㗵䜃䛶䛔䜛䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯䜘䜚ලయⓗ䛺㛵䛩䜛Ⓨゝ䜒ᘬ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䛯䠊
㜵⅏಴ᗜ䛻㛵䛩䜛ヰ㢟䛷䛿䠈᧜ᙳ⪅䛜⏫ෆ၏୍䛾㜵⅏಴
ᗜ䛸⤂௓䛧䛯䛣䛸䛷䠈ู䛾ሙᡤ䛻䜒䛒䜛䛸ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛯䠄ᅗ䠑䠅䠊
఍ሙෆ䛾ཧຍ⪅ 34 ྡ䛜୍ྠ䛷䠈⌧ᆅ䛷㘽䛾䝕䜱䝔䞊䝹䜢
ྠ᫬䛻☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈㓄ಙᫎീ䜢㏻䛨䛶ᒁᡤ
ⓗ䛺㡿ᇦ䜢఍ሙෆ䛷ඹ᭷䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ཧຍ⪅୍ྠ䛷ពぢ䜢
ඹ᭷䛧䠈䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺ពぢ䛜ᘬ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䜛Ⅼ䛿㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝
WS 䛾㛗ᡤ䛸䛧䛶⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
ᅗ䠒㻌 䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖䛾㑅ᢥ㡯┠䛸⤖ᯝ㻌
㻌
㻔㻞㻕䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ㻌
㻌 ᐇ㦂ᚋ䛻ఫẸཧຍ⪅ 㻝㻞 ྡ䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛯䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䜢
ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䠊௒ᅇ᪂䛯䛻ヨ䜏䛯ᡭἲ 㻭䠄ື⏬⏕୰⥅㻛䜎䛱Ṍ䛝䠈
Ⓨゝ䛾⏬㠃⾲♧㻕䛸୍⯡ⓗ䛻 㼃㻿 䛷⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛ᡭἲ 㻮䠄䝫䝇䝖
䜲䝑䝖䛻䜘䜛 㻷㻶 ἲⓗᡭἲ䠅䜢ẚ㍑䛧䠈䛹䛱䜙䛜ホ౯䛷䛝䜛䛛䛻
䛴䛔䛶㑅ᢥ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯䠊ᑦ䠈ཧຍ⪅ 㻝㻞 ྡ䛿 㻞㻜㻜㻥 ᖺᗘ䛻
ᡭἲ 㻭䠈㻞㻜㻝㻜 ᖺᗘ䛻ᡭἲ 㻮 䜢⏝䛔䛯 㼃㻿 䛻ཧຍ䛔䛯䛰䛔䛶
䛔䜛䠊䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖䛾㑅ᢥ㡯┠䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ᅗ 㻢 䛻♧䛩䠊䜎䛯䠈⮬
⏤➹グ䛾ᅇ⟅䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈⾲ 㻝 䛻䜎䛸䜑䜛䠊ື⏬䛾⏕୰⥅䛻䛴
䛔䛶䛿䠈ᫎീ䜢౑䛖䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈䛂㻽㻝㻚⌧ᆅ䛾≧ἣ䛜ศ䛛䜚䜔䛩
䛔䛃䛂㻽㻞㻚༴㝤䜔ㄢ㢟䜢䜲䝯䞊䝆䛧䜔䛩䛔䛃䛂㻽㻟㻚ぢ䛯䛔ሙᡤ䜢
ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛃䛾タၥ䛷䛿ホ౯䛜๭䜜䛯䛜䠈䛂㻽㻠㻚㐪䛖ே
䛾┠⥺䜢య㦂䛷䛝䜛䛃䛷䛿ື⏬䛾⏕୰⥅䜢ホ౯䛩䜛ཧຍ⪅
䛜ከ䛟䜏䜙䜜䠈⮬⏤➹グ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䛂௚ே䛾┠⥺䛷㻔ᮍ▱䛾
ሙᡤ䛺䛹䜢㻕ど⫈䛷䛝䜛䛃㻔⾲ 㻝 䛾␒ྕ 㻲㻙㻝㻘㻲㻙㻞㻘㻲㻙㻟 䛺䛹㻕䛸䛔
䛳䛯ពぢ䛜䛒䛳䛯䠊୍᪉䛷䠈䛂ᫎീ䛷䛿ᐇ㝿䛾䝇䜿䞊䝹ឤ䛸
䛾㐪䛔䛒䜛䛃㻔㻲㻙㻠㻘㻲㻙㻥㻘㻲㻙㻝㻣 䛺䛹㻕䛸ᣦ᦬䛩䜛ᅇ⟅䜒䛒䛳䛯䠊
Ⓨゝ䛾⏬㠃⾲♧䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈䛂㻽㻝㻡㻚ᴦ䛧䛔䛃䛸䛾タၥ䛷䛿ホ
౯䜢ᚓ䛯䛜䠈䛭䜜௨እ䛾タၥ䛷䛿ពぢ䛜๭䜜䛯䠊⮬⏤➹グ
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168
佐々木一晋
䛜┠ど䛸䛿␗䛺䜚㐪࿴ឤ䜢ឤ䛨䜛䛣䛸䠈㐨䛜ᗈ䛟ぢ䛘䜛䛺䛹䛾
䝇䜿䞊䝹ឤ䛻㛵䛩䜛୙‶䜢ᣲ䛢䜛ពぢ䜒☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛯䠊ே䜔
≀䠈ᣦᕪ䛧䛺䛹䛾㓄ಙᫎീ䛾୰䛻䝃䜲䝈䛾ẚ㍑ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜛䜸
䝤䝆䜵䜽䝖䜢ᫎ䛧ฟ䛩䛺䛹䠈䜘䜚ㄝ᫂ⓗ䛺ᫎീ㓄ಙ䛜ᚲせ䛸䛥
䜜䜛ሙ㠃䜒☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈᧜ᙳ᫬䛾⌧ᅾ఩⨨䛾ศ䛛䜚㞴
䛥䛛䜙䠈⏬㠃䛻㞟୰䛷䛝䛺䛔䛸䛔䛳䛯ពぢ䛜䛒䛳䛯䠊㻳㻼㻿 䜢
ά⏝䛧䛶఩⨨᝟ሗ䛸㓄ಙᫎീ䜢㐃ື䛧䛶ᥦ♧䛩䜛䛺䛹䛾௒
ᚋ䛾ᒎ㛤䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䝍䜲䝮䝷䜾䛾Ⓨ⏕䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈᧜
ᙳ⪅䛜఍ሙ䛾Ⓨゝ䛻ᛂ䛨䜛䛾䛻ᡭ㛫ྲྀ䜛ሙ㠃䛜䛒䜚䠈䛭䜜
䜢୙‶䛻ឤ䛨䜛ཧຍ⪅䜒䛔䛯䠊Ⓨゝ䜢ᫎീ䛻཯ᫎ䛥䛫䜛䜎䛷
ᩘ༑⛊䛾᫬㛫䜢せ䛧䛯䛜䠈ᫎീ⮬య䛾䝷䜾䛜ᴫ䛽 㻡䠈㻢 ⛊
㻔㼁㻽㻙㼣㼕㼙㼍㼤㻕䛰䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈㐠Ⴀഃ䛾⾜ື᫬㛫䛜䝷䜾䛾୺䛺
せᅉ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䠈᧜ᙳ⌜䛾⛣ື㏿ᗘ䛾ㄪ⠇䛸グ㘓ᙺ䛾Ⓨゝ
ධຊసᴗ䛺䛹䛻䜘䜚ᨵၿ䛥䜜䜛䜒䛾䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊㻌
㻌
㻌
䛷䛿䠈䛂ⓙ䛷ពぢ䛾ඹ᭷䛷䛝䜛䛃㻔㻲㻙㻞㻣㻕䛸䛾ᅇ⟅䛜䛒䜛୍᪉䛷䠈
䝫䝇䝖䜲䝑䝖䛾᪉䛜ぢ䜔䛩䛔䛸䛩䜛ᅇ⟅䜒ከ䛔䠊䛂⏬㠃⾲♧䛾
㝿䛻᫬⣔ิ䛷⾲♧䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛷ヰ㢟䛜䝞䝷䝞䝷䛺䜛䛃㻔㻲㻙㻞㻢㻕䛸
䛔䛳䛯ពぢ䜒䛒䛳䛯䠊⥲ྜホ౯䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ື⏬䛾⏕୰⥅
ཬ䜃Ⓨゝ䛾⏬㠃⾲♧䛸䜒䛂ᙺ䛻❧䛴䛃䛸⟅䛘䜛ཧຍ⪅䛜ከ䛟䠈
௒ᅇヨ䜏䛯㐲㝸 㼃㻿 ᨭ᥼䝒䞊䝹䛜୍ᐃ䛾ホ౯䜢ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛸
䛔䛘䜛䛰䜝䛖䠊㻌
⾲䠍㻌 䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖䛾⮬⏤➹グḍ䛾ᅇ⟅㻌
4. 4.㐲㝸㜵⅏ WS
4.1. 㐲㝸㜵⅏ WS 䛾సᡂ
䝔䜻䝇䝖ඹ᭷䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ά⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᒇእ䛻䛚䛡䜛⛣
ື୰䛾᝟ሗ஺᥮䜢ྍ⬟䛻䛧䠈䜘䜚ᐇ㊶ⓗ䛺⅏ᐖ᫬䛾䝅䝭䝳䝺
䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢ྍ⬟䛸䛩䜛ᐇᆅ∧䛾 DIG(⅏ᐖᅗୖカ⦎)䜢ᥦ♧
䛧䛯㻔ᅗ 㻣㻕䠊䝀䞊䝮䛾సᡂ䛻ᙜ䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈㻞㻜㻜㻥 ᖺᗘ 㼃㻿䛂㻿 ⏫
䛾㜵⅏䜢⪃䛘䜛఍䠄ᅗ 㻝䠅䛃䛻䛚䛔䛶㜵⅏䝬䝑䝥సᡂ᫬䛻ᚓ䛯
ᆅᇦ䛾㜵⅏᝟ሗ䛂㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 㼃㻿䛃䛾ᐇドᐇ㦂䛷ᚓ䛯⌧ᆅ
᝟ሗ䛸䠈ఫẸ䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䛛䜙ᚓ䛯䛂ᆅᇦఫẸ䛜㛵ᚰ䜢䜒
䛴༴㝤⟠ᡤ䛃䜢䛂䝹䞊䝹䛃䜔䛂䝍䝇䜽䛃䛾タィ䛻ά⏝䛧䛯䠊ཧຍ
⪅䛜⅏ᐖ᫬䛾య㦂䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈ᆅᇦ䛾㜵⅏᝟ሗ䛾☜ㄆ
䛜䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻ᆅᇦ᝟ሗ䛾㑅ᐃ䜢⾜䛔䠈⅏ᐖ᫬䛻䛚䛡䜛ఫẸ
㛫䛾༠ຊ㛵ಀ䜔ㄢ㢟䜢᝿ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛺䛹䠈௒ᚋ䛾ᆅᇦㄢ㢟
䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᑐ⟇䜢⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䜢ಁ䛩௙᥃䛡䜢⤌䜏㎸䜣䛷䛔䜛䠊㻌
㻌
㻌
㻔㻟㻕ཧຍ⪅䛾⮬⏤ពぢ㻌
㻌 ᐇ㦂ᚋ䛻䠈ཧຍ⪅䛜⮬⏤䛻ឤ᝿䜔Ⓨぢ䜢Ⓨ⾲䛩䜛ሙ䜢タ
䛡䛯䠊䛭䛣䛷ᚓ䛯ពぢ䜢⾲ 㻞 䛻䜎䛸䜑䜛䠊䛂ᮍ▱䛾ሙᡤ䜢☜ㄆ
䛷䛝䜛䛃㻔㻻㻙㻠㻘㻻㻙㻡㻕䛂どⅬ䛾ඹ᭷䛿᪂Ⓨぢ䛃㻔㻻㻙㻣㻘㻻㻙㻤㻕䛸䛔䛖
⫯ᐃⓗ䛺ពぢ䜢ᚓ䛯୍᪉䛷䠈䛂ᫎീ䛾㐪࿴ឤ䛃㻔㻻㻙㻥㻕䛂⌧ᅾ
఩⨨䛾ศ䛛䜚䛻䛟䛥䛃㻔㻻㻙㻝㻜㻘㻻㻙㻝㻝㻕䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛯䠊䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖
ㄪᰝ䛾⮬⏤➹グពぢྠᵝ䠈Ⓨゝ䛾⏬㠃⾲♧䛿䝫䝇䝖䜲䝑䝖䛾
᪉䛜Ⰻ䛔䛸䛩䜛ពぢ䜒ぢ䜙䜜䛯㻔㻻㻙㻝㻟㻘㻻㻙㻝㻠㻕䠊㻌
㻌
㻔㻠㻕䜎䛸䜑㻌
㻌 㐲㝸䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 㼃㻿 䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈ᬑẁ䛾どⅬ䛸䛿␗䛺䜛௚⪅䛾
どⅬ䜢ඹ᭷䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛾ᴦ䛧䛥䜔䠈ᒁᡤⓗ䛺㡿ᇦ䜢ཧຍ⪅඲
ဨ䛷ඹ᭷䛷䛝䜛Ⅼ䠈⌧ᆅᫎീ䛻ゝཬ䛩䜛Ⓨゝ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛Ⓨゝ
䛜ᘬ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䜛Ⅼ䛷୍ᐃ䛾ホ౯䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊㟁ᰕ䛾
䝇䝟䞁䛻䛴䛔䛶䜘䜚ලయⓗ䛺ゝཬ䜢䛩䜛ཧຍ⪅䛾Ⓨゝ䛜ぢ
ཷ䛡䜙䜜䜛䛺䛹䠈ከᵝ䛺Ⓨゝ䜢ඹ᭷䛷䛝䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᫎീ䛸Ⓨ
ゝ䛜ᑐᛂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䠈ヰ㢟䛜㝈ᐃ䛥䜜䜔䛩䛔䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䜎
䛯䠈䛂㻔㻝㻕ཧຍ⪅䛾Ⓨゝ䛃䛷䜒グ䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈ヰ㢟䛸ᫎീ䛜㐃ື
䛧䛶ᒎ㛤䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䜘䜚ලయⓗ䛺Ⓨゝ䜔⅏ᐖ᫬䜢᝿ᐃ䛧
䛯䜲䝯䞊䝆䛺䛹Ⓨゝ䛜䛺䛥䜜䠈άⓎ䛺㆟ㄽ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣
䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䠊୍᪉䠈ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶䠈ᢞᙳ䛥䜜䜛ᫎീ䛾どⅬ䞉どゅ
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ᅗ䠓㻌 㐲㝸㜵⅏ 㼃㻿 䛾ᴫᛕᅗ㻌
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4.2. 㐲㝸㜵⅏ WS 䛾ᴫせ
2011 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 15 ᪥䛻ᶓ὾ᕷ⚄ዉᕝ༊ 㻿 ᆅ༊䛾䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈
ఫẸ 6 ྡ䛾ཧຍ⪅䛻Ꮫ⏕䜢ຍ䛘䛯ᘏ䜉 12 ྡ䛷䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑
䝥䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊ᐇ㦂ᚋ䛻䛿䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛔䠈㜵⅏᝟ሗ䛾
☜ㄆసᴗ䛺䜙䜃䛻⅏ᐖ᫬䛾⾜ື᝿ᐃ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ド䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
WS 䛷䛿䠈ཧຍ⪅䜢 A,B,C 䛾 3 䛴䛾⌜䛻ศ䛡䠈1 ⌜䛿䠈䝥䝺
䜲䝲䞊䛸䛧䛶䛾ཧຍ⪅ 2 ྡ䛻Ꮫ⏕ 2 ྡ䛜䛴䛝䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜グ㘓
ಀ䛸ሗ࿌ಀ䜢ᢸᙜ䛧䛯(ᅗ䠔)䠊3 䝏䞊䝮䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜␗䛺䜛䝇䝍
䞊䝖఩⨨䛛䜙䝀䞊䝮䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛯䠊
ᅗ䠔㻌 䠍䝏䞊䝮䛾ᵓᡂ㻌
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遠隔ワークショップを介した防災まちづくりの支援環境に関する実践報告 169
㻔㻝㻕䝹䞊䝹タᐃ㻌
㻌 ཧຍ⪅䛿ྛ⌜䛻ศ䛛䜜䛶䠈ไ㝈᫬㛫ෆ䛾⋓ᚓ䝫䜲䞁䝖䜢
➇䛖䝏䞊䝮ᑐᢠᡓ䛷㐍䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝏䞊䝮䛿䠈ᣦᐃ
ᆅᇦෆ䜢⮬⏤䛻⛣ື䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈䛂኱ᆅ㟈䛜Ⓨ⏕䠈వ㟈䛜⥆䛟
≧ែ䛃䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛶ᆅ༊ෆ䛻タᐃ䛧䛯䝍䝇䜽䜢Ⓨぢ䞉ฎ⌮䛩䜛䛣
䛸䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䛂⅏ᐖ᫬䛾⤒㦂㻩䝫䜲䞁䝖䛃䜢㞟䜑䛶䛔䛝䠈ไ㝈᫬
㛫 㻡㻜 ศෆ䛻䝏䞊䝮䛜⋓ᚓ䛧䛯䝫䜲䞁䝖ᩘ䜢➇䛖䠊㻌
㻌㻌
㻔㻞㻕䝍䝇䜽䛾タᐃ㻌
㻌 䝍䝇䜽䛿䠈䛂⅏ᐖ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛༴㝤⟠ᡤ䛃䛸䛂⅏ᐖ᫬䛻ᙺ❧䛱
䛭䛖䛺᪋タ䛃䜢Ⓨ⏕ሙᡤ䛸䛧㻔ᅗ䠕㻕䠈䝏䞊䝮䛜䛭䛾ᆅⅬ䜢㏻㐣
䛧䛯䛸䛣䜝䛷ྛ䝏䞊䝮䛻ྠ⾜䛩䜛グ㘓ಀ䛜䝍䝇䜽Ⓨ⏕䜢࿌▱
䛩䜛䠊䝏䞊䝮䛿䛂䠈⅏ᐖ䜢ᅇ㑊䠈⏕㑏䛩䜛䛃䠈䛂௚䝏䞊䝮䜢ᩆ
ຓ䛩䜛䛃䠈䛂⅏ᐖ᫬䛻ᙺ❧䛴ഛရ䜔᪋タ䛻ྥ䛛䛖䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯䝍
䝇䜽ฎ⌮䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䝫䜲䞁䝖ධᡭ䛩䜛㻔⾲ 㻟㻕䠊䜎䛯䠈㻝 䛴䛾䝍
䝇䜽ฎ⌮䛜⤊஢䛩䜛ᗘ䛻䠈䛂ሙᡤ䛃䠈䛂䝍䝇䜽ෆᐜ䛃䠈䛂⤖ᯝ䛃䠈
䛂䝫䜲䞁䝖䛾ኚື䛃䜢ྠ⾜䛩䜛グ㘓ಀ䛾Ꮫ⏕䛜グ㘓䛧䠈ྠ᫬
䛻 㼀㼣㼕㼠㼠㼑㼞 䜈ᢞ✏䛩䜛䠊䛣䛾ᢞ✏䛻䜘䜚䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝏䞊䝮
䛿௚䛾䝏䞊䝮䛾ືྥ䜢ඹ᭷䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䝍䝇䜽ฎ⌮䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈
୍ᐃ䛾☜⋡䛷䛂௚䝏䞊䝮䛾ᩆຓ䜢ᚓ䜛䜎䛷ᚅᶵ䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀
䛺䜙䛺䛔䛃䛸䛔䛖䝨䝘䝹䝔䜱䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥䛫䠈䛂௚䝏䞊䝮䜢ᩆຓ䛩
䜛䛣䛸䛷䝫䜲䞁䝖䜢⋓ᚓ䛷䛝䜛䛃䝹䞊䝹䜢タ䛡䛯䠊㻌
䛣䜜䛿䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝏䞊䝮䛜⊂⮬䛻ពᛮỴᐃ䜢⾜䛔䛺䛜
䜙䜒䠈⾜ື䜢ඹ᭷䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷┦஫䛻ᙳ㡪䛧ྜ䛔䠈༠ຊ㛵ಀ䜢
⠏䛟䜘䛖䛻ពᅗ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈ぢ䛛䛡䛾┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䛂䝫䜲䞁䝖தዣ䛃
䜢㏻䛧䛶䛂⮬ຓ䞉ඹຓ䛾኱ษ䛥䛸⿕⅏䛾䝸䝇䜽䛃䜢䝀䞊䝮䛛䜙య
ឤ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻≺䛳䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌
4.3.WS 䛾ሗ࿌䛸᳨ド
㻌 ᐇ㦂ᚋ䛻ཧຍ⪅䜈䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛔䠊ཧຍ⪅ 㻢 ྡ䛛䜙
ᅇ⟅䜢ᚓ䛯䠊タၥ䛸⤖ᯝ䜢ᅗ 㻝㻝 䛻䠈➹グḍ䛾ᅇ⟅䜢⾲ 㻠 䛻
♧䛩䠊㻽㻝㻘㻽㻞㻘㻽㻟㻘㻽㻢 䛾ᅇ⟅⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䠈䝀䞊䝮䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈ᴦ䛧
䜏䛺䛜䜙㜵⅏᝟ሗ䛾☜ㄆ䜔᪂䛯䛺Ⓨぢ䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛻ຠᯝ䛜
䜏䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䛳䛯䠊㻽㻡 ➹グḍ䛷䜒䛂㜵⅏಴ᗜ䛾఩⨨䛜
ศ䛛䛳䛯䠊ᆅᅗ䜘䜚グ᠈䛻ṧ䜛䛃䛂༴㝤⟠ᡤ䛜ከ䛟䠈㣗ᩱရᗑ
䛾ᑡ䛺䛥䛜ศ䛛䛳䛯䛃䛂ᬑẁ䛸㐪䛖┠⥺䛷᪂䛯䛺Ⓨぢ䛜ከ䛛
䛳䛯䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯ᅇ⟅䜢ᚓ䛶䛔䜛䠊୍᪉䛷䠈㻽㻥 ➹グḍ䛷ᣲ䛢䜙
䜜䛯ᅇ⟅䛂ᩆຓᚅ䛱䛾᫬㛫䛜㛗䛔䛃䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈ཧຍேᩘ䛾ᑡ
䛺䛥䜔䝍䝇䜽䛾タᐃ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᚅᶵ᫬㛫䛜㛗䛟䛺䜛䛺䛹䛾䝀䞊
䝮㐍⾜䛜䜛ሙ㠃䜒䜏䜙䜜䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ᚅᶵ᫬㛫䛸䛔䛖ไ㝈
䛿䠈ཧຍ⪅䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䛻ᙳ㡪䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᐇ㝿䛾⅏ᐖ᫬䛻
䛚䛔䛶䠈⿕⅏ᆅ䛷䛾⾜ື䛿䝸䝇䜽䛜క䛖䛣䛸䜔⅏ᐖ᫬䛾⮬
ຓ䞉ඹຓ䛾኱ษ䛥䜈䛾Ẽ䛵䛝䜢ಁ䛩ព࿡䛷㔜せ䛺せ⣲䛷䛒
䜛䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䛷䜒䛂⮬ຓ䞉ඹຓ䛾኱ษ䛥䛿
ㄆ㆑䛷䛝䛯䛃䛸䛔䛖ពぢ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈㼀㼣㼕㼠㼠㼑㼞 䛾฼⏝ἲ
䛾࿘▱䜔⡆᫆໬䛻ຍ䛘䠈ཧຍேᩘ䛾ኚື䛻䜒ᑐᛂ䛷䛝䜛䜘
䛖䛺䝹䞊䝹䛾ᰂ㌾䛥䛜௒ᚋᆅᇦ䛷ᐇ㊶䛧䛶䛔䛟䛯䜑䛾ㄢ㢟䛸
⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊㻌
㻌
⾲䠏㻌 䝍䝇䜽䛸䝫䜲䞁䝖㻌
ᅗ䠍䠌㻌 㻭 䝏䞊䝮䛾⾜ືᒚṔ㻌
㻌
㻌 A 䝏䞊䝮䛿䠈ᑐ㇟ᆅ༊ෆ䛾ၟᗑ䜔་⒪᪋タ䛺䛹䛜୪䜆䠈୍␒኱䛝䛺㏻䜚䜢
䝇䝍䞊䝖఩⨨䛸䛧䠈⏫䛾୰ᚰ㒊䜢୺䛻⛣ື䠈66 䝫䜲䞁䝖䜢⋓ᚓ䛧䛯䠊⏫ෆ䛷㏻
⛠୰㏻䜚䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛㏻䜚䛛䜙䝇䝍䞊䝖䛧䛯 B 䝏䞊䝮䛿䠈3 䝏䞊䝮䛾୰䛷᭱䜒ከ䛟
䛾䝍䝇䜽䜢ฎ⌮䛧䠈83 䝫䜲䞁䝖䜢⋓ᚓ䛧䛯䠊᭱䜒໭䛛䜙䝇䝍䞊䝖䛧䛯 C 䝏䞊䝮䛿䠈
᭱䜒⾜ື⠊ᅖ䛜ᗈ䛟䠈䝍䝇䜽ฎ⌮ᩘ䛷䛿 B 䝏䞊䝮䛻ຎ䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈䝫䜲䞁䝖䛾኱䛝
䛔䝍䝇䜽䜢」ᩘฎ⌮䛧䛯䛯䜑䠈B 䝏䞊䝮䛸ྠ䛨䛟 83 䝫䜲䞁䝖䜢⋓ᚓ䛧䛯䠊䛭䜜䜙
≧ἣ䛿䠈ሗ࿌ಀ䛾Ꮫ⏕䛻䜘䛳䛶 Twitter 䛻㝶᫬ሗ࿌䛜䛺䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛷ඹ᭷䛥
䜜䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈䝍䝇䜽ฎ⌮䛻䜘䛳䛶䝨䝘䝹䝔䜱䜢ཷ䛡䠈௚䝏䞊䝮䛾ᩆຓ䜢せㄳ䛩
䜛ሗ࿌䛜 Twitter 䛻ᢞ✏䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛷䠈ཧຍ⪅䛜ᩆຓ䛻ྥ䛛䛖䛯䜑䛻䝹䞊䝖ኚ
᭦䜢⾜䛖䛸䛔䛳䛯⾜ື䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䠊≉䛻 A 䝏䞊䝮䛿䠈ᩆຓ䛻ྥ䛛䛖䝹䞊䝖ኚ᭦
䜢⾜䛳䛯䛯䜑䛻䠈⏫䛾୰ᚰ㒊䜢⾜䛝᮶䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜䠈⾜ື⠊ᅖ䛜ᑠ䛥䛟䛺䛳䛯せ
ᅉ䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠍䠍㻌 㐲㝸㜵⅏ 㼃㻿 䛻㛵䛩䜛䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠐㻌 ⮬⏤➹グḍ䛾ᅇ⟅㻌
㻌
㻌
5. 䜎䛸䜑
ᅗ䠕㻌 䝍䝇䜽䛾㓄⨨㻌
㻌
㻌 ᮏ✏䛷᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢௨ୗ䛻♧䛩䠊㻌
㻝㻕 䝸䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮ື⏬䞉䝔䜻䝇䝖ඹ᭷䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ά⏝䛧䛯䛂㐲㝸
䜎䛱Ṍ䛝 㼃㻿䛃䛾ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ䜢ᥦ♧䛧䛯䠊ᡂᯝ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈఍
㻌
170
佐々木一晋
ሙ䛾ཧຍ⪅䛸㐲㝸ᆅ䛾᧜ᙳ⪅䛻䜘䜛ᑐヰⓗ䛺ᡭ⥆䛝䛻
ᚑ䛳䛶⌧ᆅᫎീ䛾㓄ಙ⎔ቃ䜢ᩚഛ䛧䠈ᆅᇦఫẸ䜢஺䛘䛶
ᐇ㊶ⓗ䛺άື䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊㐲㝸ᆅ䛛䜙㓄ಙ䛥䜜䜛⌧ᆅᫎീ
䛸ᑐᛂ䛩䜛Ⓨゝ䜢఍ሙෆ䛻ྍど໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᆅᇦఫẸ
㛫䛾␗䛺䜛どⅬ䜔ලయⓗ䛺ពぢ䜢ᘬฟ䛧䠈⅏ᐖ᫬䜢᝿
ᐃ䛧䛯ᆅᇦᅛ᭷䛾ㄢ㢟䜢ᢳฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈㓄
ಙᫎീ䛾䜰䞁䜾䝹䜔䝹䞊䝖㑅ᐃ䛻㛵䛩䜛ཧຍ⪅䛾㛫᥋
ⓗ䛺Ⓨゝ䛜㉳Ⅼ䛸䛺䜚ලయⓗ䛺ၥ㢟䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䜛䜿䞊䝇
䛺䛹䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛯䠊ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈ཧຍ⪅䛾Ⓨゝ䜢᧜ᙳ
⪅䛻ఏ㐩䛩䜛䜎䛷䛻⏕䛨䜛䝍䜲䝮䝷䜾䛺䜙䜃䛻఍ሙ䛻ᫎ
෗䛩䜛ື⏬䛾᧜ᙳᆅⅬ䛾ᣦ♧ㄝ᫂䜈䛾ᑐᛂ䛜䛒䛢䜙䜜
䜛䠊㐠Ⴀഃ䛾ᰂ㌾䛺ᑐᛂ䜒䛧䛟䛿ᬻᐃ䛾⛣ື䝹䞊䝖䛾஦
๓ㄝ᫂䛺䛹䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊䜎䛯䠈䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛜᥋⥆䛥
䜜䛯⎔ቃ䛷䛒䜜䜀ሙᡤ䜢⛣ື䛩䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟䠈㼃㻿 ఍ሙෆ䛷
㓄ಙᫎീ䜢ど⫈䛧䛺䛜䜙఍ሙ䛾Ⓨゝ䜢㜀ぴ䛷䛝䜛䛯䜑䠈
௒ᚋ䛿䠈㧗㱋⪅䜔䜎䛱Ṍ䛝䛾䜘䛖䛺ᒇእάື䛜ᅔ㞴䛺ఫ
Ẹ䜔Ꮚ⫱䛶୰䛾ぶ䛺䛹䠈ᵝ䚻䛺⏕ά⎔ቃ䜢㐣䛤䛧䛶䛔䜛
ཧຍ⪅䜢஺䛘䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷௨ୖ䛻䠈ලయⓗ䛛䛴ከ
ᵝ䛺ពぢ䜢┒䜚㎸䜣䛰 㼃㻿 䛜ᐇ⌧䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䛯
䛔䠊㻌
㻞㻕 㻌 䝸䜰䝹䝍䜲䝮䝔䜻䝇䝖ඹ᭷䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢ά⏝䛧䠈ᐇ✵㛫䛻䛚
䛡䜛䛂㐲㝸㜵⅏ 㼃㻿䛃䛾ᨭ᥼⎔ቃ䜢ᥦ♧䛧䛯䠊⛣ື୰䛷䜒
ྛ⌜䛾⿕⅏≧ἣ䜢ඹ᭷䛩䜛⎔ቃ䜢ᩚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᆅᇦ♫
఍䛻䛚䛡䜛ᐇᆅⓗ䛺 DIG(⅏ᐖᅗୖカ⦎)䛸䛧䛶㐠⏝䛜ྍ
⬟䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊䝀䞊䝮䜢㏻䛧䛶ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦෆ䛾㜵⅏᝟ሗ䛾ᢳ
ฟ᪉ἲ䛺䜙䜃䛻⅏ᐖ᫬䛾⮬ຓ䞉ඹຓ䛾䛒䜚᪉䜈䛾ㄆ㆑䛻
ኚ໬䛜䜏䜙䜜䜛୍᪉䠈㼃㻿 䛷䛿ྛ䝏䞊䝮䛾㐍ᤖ≧ἣ䜢
㼀㼣㼕㼠㼠㼑㼞 䜈ᢞ✏䛩䜛సᴗ䛿䠈ཧຍ⪅䛻௦䜟䛳䛶⿵ຓᙺ䛷
䛒䜛Ꮫ⏕䛻䜘䛳䛶⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊䝏䞊䝮ෆ䛾᝟ሗఏ㐩䜔
఩⨨᝟ሗ䛾☜ㄆ䞉グ㘓సᴗ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝯䞁䝞䞊
䛜ಶู䛻ศᢸᑐᛂ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈ᐇ㝿䛾⅏ᐖ᫬䛻䛿 㼃㻿 ཧ
ຍ⪅䛜⮬䜙䛷᝟ሗ䛾Ⓨಙ䞉ඹ᭷䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䛯䜑䠈
䜘䜚⡆౽䛛䛴᭷ຠ䛺ᡭἲ䛾᳨ウ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈ཧ
ຍ䛧䛯ᆅᇦఫẸ䛜ᑡᩘ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䜔䛭䜜㉳ᅉ䛧䛶 㼃㻿
䛾㐍⾜䛜䜛ሙ㠃䜒䜏䜙䜜䛯䠊䛣䛖䛧䛯ཧຍேᩘ䛾ቑῶ
䜔సᴗ᫬㛫䜔ᆅᇦᅛ᭷䛾ㄢ㢟䜈䛾ᑐฎྍ⬟䛺䠈䜘䜚ᰂ
㌾䛺䝹䞊䝹䜈䛸ಟṇ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ㄢ㢟䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌
㻟㻕 㻌 ௒ᚋ䛿㜵⅏䝣䜵䜰䛺䛹䛾ᆅᇦ䜲䝧䞁䝖䛸㐃ᦠ䛧䛶䠈䜘䜚ከ
䛟䛾ఫẸ䛜ཧຍ䛧䠈ලయⓗ䛺ᆅᇦ᝟ሗ䜢ᢳฟ䞉ඹ᭷䛩䜛
䛯䜑䛾䝒䞊䝹䛸䛧䛶฼⏝䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛䠊㻌
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
▮Ᏺඞஓ䞉ྜྷᕝ⫕Ꮚ䞉⥙௦๛:㜵⅏䝀䞊䝮䛷Ꮫ䜆䝸䝇䜽䞉䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿
䞊䝅䝵䞁,䝘䜹䝙䝅ฟ∧,⥲㡫ᩘ 175,2005
ຍ㈡᭷ὠᏊ,ᐑᕝ῟,Ἑཱྀᑗᘯ,࿅↰㕷,⚟⏣▱ᘯ:GPS 䜹䝯䝷௜䛝
ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ䜢฼⏝䛧䛯ᆅᇦᬒほホ౯䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᵓ⠏,➨ 28 ᅇ᝟ሗ䞉
䝅䝇䝔䝮䞉฼⏝䞉ᢏ⾡䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮 2005,PP.55-592005
᭷㤿㝯ᩥ,ⓒྜ㔝㧗ᏹ,᪥㧗ᆂ୍㑻:䜎䛱䛵䛟䜚䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥
䛻䛚䛡䜛䝞䞊䝏䝱䝹䝸䜰䝸䝔䜱䛾ά⏝ἲ䛸䛭䛾ホ౯䞊✵㛫⌮
ゎ䛸䜲䝯䞊䝆ඹ᭷䛾䛯䜑䛾䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥ᨭ᥼䝅䝇䝔䝮,᪥ᮏᘓ
⠏Ꮫ఍ィ⏬⣔ㄽᩥ㞟,➨ 617 ྕ,PP.79-852007
኱⏿ᾈ௓,᭷㤿㝯ᩥ,℧ཱྀᾈ⩏,ᆏ஭⊛,Ⲷᓥဴ:✵㛫⌮ゎ䜢䜲
䝯䞊䝆ඹ᭷䛾䛯䜑䛾䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥ᨭ᥼䝅䝇䝔䝮-䛭䛾 1 ᪥ᮏ
ᘓ⠏Ꮫ఍ィ⏬⣔ㄽᩥ㞟(617),PP.79-85,2007
㜿㒊㝧௓,኱㈅ᙲ,㭄ᚰ἞,ຍ⸨Ꮥ᫂,᪥㧗ᆂ୍㑻,ᮧୖṇᾈ,Ώ㎶
බḟ㑻,㒓ෆྜྷ⍞:WebGIS ᇶ┙䛾㜵⅏䜎䛱䛵䛟䜚䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥ᨭ
᥼䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾᭷⏝ᛶ᳨ド-䛭䛾 1䞉2,᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫ⛉኱఍Ꮫ⾡ㅮ₇
᱾ᴫ㞟,F-1,PP.791-794,2006
䠷⿵ὀ䠹㻌
ὀ䝤䝻䜾ಶே䜔ᩘே䛾⌜䛷㐠Ⴀ䛥䜜䠈᪥䚻᭦᪂䛥䜜䜛᪥グⓗ䛺:HE
䝃䜲䝖䛾⥲⛠䠊6166RFLDO1HWZRUNLQJ6HUYLFHே䛸ே䛸䛾䛴䛺䛜䜚䜢
ಁ㐍䞉䝃䝫䞊䝖䛩䜛䝁䝭䝳䝙䝔䜱ᆺ䛾:HE䝃䜲䝖䠊7ZLWWHUಶ䚻䛾䝴䞊䝄䞊
䛜ᩥᏐ䛾▷ᩥ䛷ᢞ✏䞉㜀ぴ䛷䛝䜛䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉䝃䞊䝡䝇䠊
ὀ8675($0KWWSZZZXVWUHDPWY䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛻᥋⥆ྍ⬟䛺3&
䜒䛧䛟䛿䝇䝬䞊䝖䝣䜷䞁䜢⏝䛔䛶⏕୰⥅ື⏬䜢ᡭ㍍䛻㓄ಙ䞉ඹ᭷䛷䛝䜛䝃
䞊䝡䝇
ὀ௚䛾㜵⅏䛻㛵䛩䜛䝀䞊䝮䛸䛧䛶䠈㐟䜃䛺䛜䜙ẖ᭶䛾㜵⅏䛾ഛ䛘䜢☜
ㄆ䛷䛝䜛䛂኱䝘䝬䝆䞁㜵⅏䛩䛤䜝䛟䛃䜔䜽䜲䝈ᙧᘧ䛷ᴦ䛧䜏䛺䛜䜙㜵⅏▱
㆑䛜㌟䛻௜䛟䛂䜌䛖䛥䛔㥐ఏ䛃䛺䛹䛜䛒䜚䠈ᖜᗈ䛔ᖺ㱋ᒙ䜢ᑐ㇟䛻」㞧䛺
㜵⅏䝬䝙䝳䜰䝹䜢ศ䛛䜚䜔䛩䛟Ꮫ䜉䜛ᕤኵ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
ὀఫẸ䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ㄪᰝ䛿䠈ᶓ὾ᕷ6⏫䛻䛒䜛⌜䛾⌜㛗㍯␒ไ䜢ᑐ
㇟䛻䠈:6䛾୍⎔䛸䛧䛶⾜䛳䛯䠊ෆᐜ䛿䠈୺䛻㜵⅏䛻㛵䛩䜛▱㆑䛸༴㝤⟠
ᡤ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄆ㆑䜢䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖ᙧᘧ䛷ၥ䛖䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊⏝⣬䛿䠈⏫ෆ఍ᙺ
ဨᩘྡ䛜┤᥋⌜㛗Ꮿ䜢ゼၥ䛧䠈㊃᪨䜢ㄝ᫂䛧䛯ୖ䛷㓄ᕸ䛧䛯䠊୙ᅾ䛾
ሙྜ䛿䠈䝫䝇䝔䜱䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛㓄ᕸ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊ᅇ཰䛿䠈⏫ෆ䛷⾜䜟䜜䜛⌜㛗
఍㆟䛷⾜䛔䠈Ꮫ⏕䛜㞟ィ䛧䛯䠊ᅇ⟅ᩘ䛿䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊ෆ䠈ᮍグධ䜢ྵ
䜐
ὀ$3,$SSOLFDWLRQ3URJUDP,QWHUIDFH䠈䝋䝣䝖䜴䜵䜰䜢㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛㝿䛻
䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮ୖ䛾ᡭ⥆䜢ᐃ䜑䛯つ⣙䛾㞟ྜ䠊
㹙ㅰ㎡㹛
ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛖䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈䛤ཧຍ䛔䛯䛰䛝䜎䛧䛯䠈⚄ዉᕝ┴ᶓ὾ᕷ6⏫⮬἞㐃
ྜ఍䛾㛵ಀྛ఩䛻ᚰ䛛䜙ㅰព䜢⾲䛧䜎䛩䠊
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.171－181 （2012） 〔研究速報〕
䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗䞉䝇䜿䝑䝏䛻䜘䜛ᙧែ䛾᧯స䛸ᒎ㛤
⚟㻌 ⏣㻌 ဴ㻌 ኵ*
Idea generation for form used Freehand sketch
Tetsuo Fukuda*
Abstract
This paper is the method of the freehand sketch edited for the product design. The characteristics of
this drawing method are blending of the perspective drawing and the thumbnail sketch. Then, it has
the characteristics of this sketch that not only a product form and a functional expression but also
the exterior and the interior can be expressed, too. This drawing method are based on the
educational activity and training experience for forty years, to many students who aim for the
product design, and the in-house designer in the various industry fields. Offering this methodology
for all the people concerned with 䇾Monodukuri䇿.
Keywords: Design process, Perspective, Freehand sketch, Reduced brush, Idea generation.
1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
ᮏ✏䛿⣖せ䠑ྕ䛾⥆⦅䛸䛧䛶䜎䛸䜑䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛.
䛣䜜䜎䛷ᕤᏛ⣔䛾㏱どᅗἲ䛷䛿, ᖹ㠃ᅗ䜢ᇶ䛻䛧
䛯❧᪉య䛾సᅗἲ䛜ᇶᮏ䛸䛧䛶⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯. 㟼
ⓗ䛷Ᏻᐃឤ䛒䜛どゅ䛛䜙䛾ᥥ෗䛿, ᘓ⠏≀䛛䜙ᐙල
㢮䜔ᐙ㟁➼䛾⏕ά⏝ရ䛾ᥥ෗䛻ྥ䛔䛶䛔䜛.
䛧䛛䛧ᦠᖏ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛺ᑠᆺ䛾䜒䛾䛿, ඲᪉఩䛛䜙
䛾どゅ䛸ホ౯䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜚, Ỉᖹ㠃䜢ಖ䛳䛶ほᐹ䛥
䜜䜛どゅ䛻䛿వ䜚ព࿡䛜䛺䛟䠈ᥥ⏬᫬㛫䜒᥃䛛䜚䛩䛞
䜛. 䜎䛯ឤᛶ⣔䛾䝕䝑䝃䞁䛻䜘䜛⏬ἲ䜒䠈ග䛸㝜ᙳ䜢
㥑౑䛧䛶⌧ᐇឤ䜢┠ᣦ䛩䛜䛣䜜䛻䜒᫬㛫䛜᥃䛛䜛䠊
୍᪉䠈୍Ẽ࿣ᡂ䛻ᥥ䛟䝃䝮䝛䜲䝹䝇䜿䝑䝏䜔䜲䝯䞊
䝆䝇䜿䝑䝏䛿䠈䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗䛻䜘䜛䝅䞁䝥䝹䛺⥺ᥥἲ䛸
䛧䛶୺䛻䝕䝄䜲䞁䝥䝻䝉䝇䛾ึᮇẁ㝵䛷⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶
䛚䜚䠈䜽䝻䝑䜻䞊䛾⏬ἲ䛸ྠᵝ䛻ᴫᛕᥥ෗䛸䛧䛶㐺䛧
䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙㏱どᅗἲ䛸䜽䝻䝑䜻䞊䛸䜢⤫ྜ䛧䛯ᡭἲ
䛸䛧䛶䠈䜲䞁䝎䝇䝖䝸䜰䝹䝕䝄䜲䞁䜔䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖䝕䝄䜲䞁
ྥ䛡䛾ᐇ㊶ⓗ䛺ᥥ⏬᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶ゎㄝ䜢䛩䜛䠊
2. ㍯㒌䛻䜘䜛ᢳ㇟ⓗᥥ⏬䛸⌮ゎ
໬䛥䜜䛯㍯㒌䛰䛡䛾ᙧែ䛿,ヲ⣽䛜↓䛟䛶䜒≉ᐃ䛾ព
࿡䜢ᣢ䛴䜲䝯䞊䝆䛾ఏ㐩䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛.
䛣䛾≉ᚩ䛒䜛㍯㒌䛰䛡䛾ᙧែ䛜, ➨୕⪅䛻ᑐ䛧䛶
ṇ䛧䛟ఏ㐩䛥䜜䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿, ᵓᡂᏛ䛛䜙ᇶ♏ⓗ䛺⨾
䛾ᵓᡂཎ⌮䜢Ꮫ䜃,ᑂ⨾ⓗ䛺㐀ᙧせ⣲䛾༢⣧໬ᢏ⾡
䜢㣴䛔, 䛭䛾ホ౯䛻䜒༑ศ⪏䛘䛖䜛ᙧែ䛸䛧䛶䜎䛸䜑
䛒䛢䜛ᢏ⾡䛾⩦ᚓ䛜ᚲせ䛻䛺䜛.
䝃䝮䝛䜲䝹䝇䜿䝑䝏䛛䜙䜲䝯䞊䝆䝇䜿䝑䝏䜎䛷䠈䜰䜲
䝕䜰䛾ᒎ㛤䛻䛿, 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺኱⫹䛺䝅䝹䜶䝑䝖䛷䛾ᴫ
ᛕᵓᡂ䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊ッồ䛧䛯䛔᭱ึ䛾ᴫᛕ䜢ṧ䛧
䛺䛜䜙, ヲ⣽⾲⌧䛸䛸䜒䛻䜰䜲䝕䜰䜢ᩚ⌮䛧, ᭱⤊䜲䝯
䞊䝆䜎䛷䛾ྍど໬䜢㐍䜑䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛.
䝇䜿䝑䝏䛿, ₔ⏬䛾ୡ⏺䛷䜻䝱䝷䜽䝍䞊䜢ᥥ䛟䛸䛝䛾
䜘䛖䛻ᴫ␎䛺⾲⌧䛸䛧䛶⣽㒊䜎䛷ᥥ䛛䛪䠈༢⣧䛷䜒㨩
ຊⓗ, 䛭䛧䛶䜶䝺䜺䞁䝖䛺⾲⌧䛿༑ศྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛.
ᅗ 㻞䠖≉ᚩ䜢ᤊ䛘䛯༢⣧䛺⾲⌧䛷⌮ゎ䜢ಁ䛩
㻌
3. ⥺ᥥ䛾ᇶᮏ
ᅗ 㻝䠖㍯㒌䛾䜏䛷䜒⌮ゎྍ⬟䛺ᢳ㇟ᙧ㻌
㻌
ྂ䛟䛛䜙䛾㐟䜃䛻䛿ᙳ⤮䛜䛒䜛. 䛣䛾ᴟ䜑䛶ᢳ㇟
Received on September 25, 2012
*⏘ᴗᢏ⾡◊✲⛉䠈School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗䝇䜿䝑䝏䛾⥺ᥥ䛻䛿, 䛭䛾ᛶ᱁ୖᚲ䛪
䛧䜒ṇ☜䛥䜢せồ䛧䛺䛔. ᮏ✏䛷䛿䜐䛧䜝ⓗ☜䛺䜲䝯
䞊䝆䛾ᐃ╔᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶䠈Ⓨ᝿ຠ⋡䜢ୖ䛢䜛䛣䛸䜢≺䛔
䛸䛧䛯䇾┬➹ἲ䇿䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈᫬㛫䜢᥃䛡䛪䛻ከ䛟䛾䜰䜲
䝕䜰ᒎ㛤䛜ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䜛୍Ẽ࿣ᡂ䛾⥺ᥥ䝇䜿䝑䝏䛻䛴
䛔䛶䠈䇾㏿➹ἲ䇿䛸ᐃ⩏䛧ゎㄝ䜢䛧䛯.
172
福田哲夫
㻟㻚㻝㻚 ⥺䛾‽ഛ䛸ጼໃ㻌
⏬㠃䛿ᅗ 㻟㻚䛾䜘䛖䛻Ỉᖹ䜘䜚ᡭ๓䛻ഴᩳ䛥䛫䠈ዟ⾜
䛝᪉ྥ䛾ṍ䜏䛾䛺䛔䜘䛖䛻ᥥ䛝᫆䛔ゅᗘ䛻タᐃ䛧䛶
䛚䛟䠊䜎䛯ṍ䜏䛾☜ㄆ䛻䛿㻘㻌 ᮘୖ䛷䛿䛺䛟ቨ㠃䛻᥃
䛡䠈Ỉᖹ᪉ྥ䛾ど⥺䛷☜ㄆ䜢䛩䜛䛸ṍ⿵ṇ䛜䛧䜔䛩
䛔䠊㻌
ᅗ 㻢䠖ᥥ⏬䛾ጼໃ
3.4. ᭤⥺䛾ᥥ䛝᪉
㻌
ᅗ 㻟䠖ഴᩳ⏬㠃䛻䜘䜛ᥥ⏬ጼໃ㻌
3.2. ⥺䛾ᥥ䛝᪉
➹グල䛿䠈ᅗ䠐䛾䜘䛖䛻ぶᣦ䛸ேᕪᣦ䛸୰ᣦ䛾୕ᮏ
䛾ᣦ䛷ᣢ䛱䠈䛭䛾ᤸ䛻༸䜢ᥱ䜛せ㡿䛷᠜䜢኱䛝䛟㛤
䛡䜛䛣䛸䛷㻘ᚤጁ䛺⾲᝟䛾䛒䜛⥺䜢ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚㻌 㻌
㻌
㻝㻚 㐠➹䛾䛯䜑䛾䜺䜲䝗䛸䛺䜛Ⅼ䜢ᩘⅬᡴ䛱┠༳䜢
௜䛡䜛㻚㻌 㻞㻚ど⥺䛿┠๓䛾Ⅼ䛷䛿䛺䛟ᖖ䛻⾜ඛ䛾Ⅼ䜢
┠ᶆ䛻⛣ື䛥䛫䛺䛜䜙䠈ᾷ䜏䛾䛺䛔㐠➹䜢ᚰ᥃䛡䜛㻚㻌
㻟㻚䛥䜙䛻⁥䜙䛛䛺᭤⥺䛿䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾཯᚟⦎⩦䜢䛩䜛䛣
䛸䛷㐠➹䜲䝯䞊䝆䛜⭎䛻グ᠈䛥䜜䠈ୗᥥ䛝䛜䛺䛟䛶䜒
෌⌧䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛㻚㻌 㻌
㻌
ᅗ 㻣䠖ᖖ䛻඲య䛾ὶ䜜䜢ព㆑䛧䛶㐠➹㻌
ᅗ 㻠䠖᠜䛜኱䛝䛟ᰂ䜙䛛䛺䜾䝸䝑䝥㻌
㻌
㻟㻚㻟㻚 ෇ᘼ䛸┤⥺䛾ᥥ䛝᪉㻌
⁥䜙䛛䛺㐠➹䛾䝁䝒䛿㻘㻌 ⥺✀䜢ၥ䜟䛪⫪䛸⫝䛾ຊ
䜢ᢤ䛝㻘㻌 ᡭ㤳䛸ᣦඛ䜢ᅛᐃ䛧䛶ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌
ᣦඛ䛻䜘䜛ᡭඖ䛾ື䛝䛛䜙䠈ᅗ䠑㻙㼍㻚㼎㻚䛾䜘䛖䛻኱䛝
䛺෇ᘼ䜢ᥥ䛟䜎䛷䛻䛿䠈ᡭ㤳䠈⫝䠈⫪䛸䛔䛖䜅䛖䛻㛵⠇
䛾㛗䛥䜢༙ᚄ䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᥥ䛡䜛䠊㼏㻚䛾䜘䛖䛻⏬㠃䛻Ỉ
ᖹ⥺䜢ᥥ䛟ሙྜ䛻䛿㻘㻌 ෇ᘼ䛻䛺䜙䛼䜘䛖㌟య䜢⭜඲
య䛷⛣ື䛧㻘㻌 Ỉᖹ䛻➹䜢⁥䜙䛫ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊㻌
㻌
4. ఏ⤫ⓗ㏱どᅗἲ䛻䜘䜛ᥥ⏬
4.1. ᅗἲ⏝ㄒ䛾ゎㄝ
௨ୗ, ㏱どᅗἲ䛾ᅗ୰ゎㄝ䛸䛧䛶⏝䛔䜛ㄒྃ䛻䛴
䛔䛶௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛻␎⛠䜢♧䛩.
1. Ỉᖹ⥺䈈HL (Horizontal Line)
2. ᾘኻⅬ䈈VP䠄Vanishing Point䠅
3. ᕥഃ䛾ᾘኻⅬ䈈VP-L䠄-Left䠅
4. ྑഃ䛾ᾘኻⅬ䈈VP-R (-Right)
5. ᑐゅ⥺䛾ᾘኻⅬ䈈DVP䠄Diagonal VP䠅
6. ᭱㏆ゅ䈈N䠄Nearest Corner䠅
7. どⅬ䈈EP䠄Eye Point䠅
8. ❧఩⨨䈈SP (Standing Point)
4.2. ఏ⤫ⓗ㏱どᅗἲ䛻䜘䜛እほᅗ䛾ᥥ䛝᪉
㻌
ᅗ 㻡䠖㏞䛔䛜䛺䛟ໃ䛔䛾䛒䜛⥺ᥥ㻌
㻌
ᅗ䠒䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈⏬㠃ୖ䛻䛿 1.㉳➹Ⅼ䜢ᐃ䜑䛶➹䜢⨨
䛝, ฿㐩┠ᶆⅬ䜢䜲䝯䞊䝆䛩䜛. 2.㉳➹Ⅼ䛻䛿ど⥺䜢
⨨䛛䛪䛻, ฿㐩┠ᶆⅬ䛻≺䛔䜢ᐃ䜑䛶, 3.୍Ẽ࿣ᡂ
䛾㐠➹䜢䛩䜛.
ⓑᯈ䛻ྥ䛛䛔኱䛝䛺෇ᘼ䜢ᥥ䛟ሙྜ䛻䛿㻘㻌 ⭎䜢ఙ
䜀䛧㻘ᥥ⏬㠃䛸䛾㊥㞳䛻ὀព䛧䛺䛜䜙㻘㻌 䛔䛪䜜䜒㉳Ⅼ
䜢ὀど䛧䛯䜎䜎䠈୍Ẽ࿣ᡂ䛻ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚㻘㻌 ㉳Ⅼ䛻
ᡠ䜚䠈⏕䛝⏕䛝䛸䛧䛶ṍ䜏䛾ᑡ䛺䛔㐠➹䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛㻚㻌 㻌
㻌
1.❧᪉య䛾ᖹ㠃ᅗ a b c d 䛿䠈ᇶ‽䛾 HL 䛸᥋䛩
䜛䜘䛖௵ព䛾ゅᗘ䛻ᥥ䛝䛭䛾᥋Ⅼ䜢 n Ⅼ䛸䛩䜛䠊
2. n Ⅼ䛛䜙䛿䠈ᆶ⥺䜢ୗ䜝䛧ᆶ⥺ୖ䛻❧᪉య䛛䜙
䛾㊥㞳䜢 SP 䛸䛧䛶ᐃ䜑䜛䠊
3. SP 䛛䜙䛿䠈ᖹ㠃ᅗ䛾 a b, a d ୧㎶䛻ᖹ⾜⥺䜢
ᥥ䛝䠈HL 䛸䛾஺Ⅼ䛻ᾘኻⅬ VP-L, VP-R 䜢タ䛡䜛䠊
4. ᆶ⥺ୖ௵ព䛾఩⨨䛻䛿䠈❧᪉య䛾୍㎶䛾㛗䛥
a-a’䜢ᐃ䜑, VP-L, VP-R 䜈ྥ䛡䛶㏱ど⥺䜢ᥥ䛟䠊
5.ᖹ㠃ᅗ䛾 b, d Ⅼ䛸 SP Ⅼ䜢⤖䜃䠈HL 䛸䛾஺Ⅼ
b’, d’ 䛛䜙䛭䜜䛮䜜ᆶ⥺䜢ୗ䜝䛩䠊
6.㏱ど⥺䛸 HL 䛛䜙䛾ᆶ⥺䛸䛾஺Ⅼ䛛䜙❧᪉య䜢
సᅗ䛩䜛䠊
フリーハンド・スケッチによる形態の操作と展開 173
䜎䛷䛜⌮ㄽⓗ䛻䛿ྜ䛳䛶䛔䜛. d.䛿┿ୖ䛛䜙ぢ䛯≧
ែ䛷୙⮬↛䛸䛺䜚, e.䛻⮳䛳䛶䛿⌧ᐇ䛻䛿䛒䜚ᚓ䛺䛔
ᙧែ䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛.
ᅗ 㻤䠖ఏ⤫ⓗ㏱どᅗἲ
㻌
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻❧᪉య䛿, ఏ⤫ⓗ㏱どᅗἲ䛻䜘䜚ᥥ䛟䛣
䛸䛿䛷䛝䜛䛜ၥ㢟Ⅼ䜒ከ䛔.
1.䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑ᕥྑ䛾஧ᾘኻⅬ䛜ᐃ䜎䜙䛺䛔.
2.ᚑ䛳䛶ᥥ⏬⏝⣬䛾ᑍἲ䛜≉ᐃ䛷䛝䛺䛔.
3.ᥥ⏬ゅᗘ䜔どⅬタᐃ䛻⮬⏤ᗘ䛿䛺䛟୙౽䛷䛒䜛.
➼䚻䛾⌮⏤䛻䜘䜚, ᚲ䛪䛧䜒ᐇ⏝ⓗ䛸䛿䛔䛘䛺䛔.
5. ఏ⤫ⓗ㏱どᅗἲ䛾㝈⏺䜢▱䜛
ᅗ 㻝㻜䠖ᥥ⏬䛾㝈⏺䜢▱䜛㻌
㻌
䛧䛛䛧䝇䜿䝑䝏䛾฼Ⅼ䛿, ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟䛾≉ᚩ䜢ቑᖜ䛧,
㄂ᙇ䜔ኚᙧ, 䛭䛧䛶➨୕䛾ᒎ㛤䜢ᬯ♧䛩䜛䛺䛹᭷ຠ
䛺ᡭἲ䛸䛧䛶ά⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿ᅗ 12.
䛾౛䛜♧䛧䛶䛔䜛.
5.1. ㏱どᅗ⌮ㄽ䛸ぢ䛘᪉䛾㐪䛔
㏱どᅗἲ䛿㻘㻌 ㏆䛟䛾䜒䛾䜢኱䛝䛟㻘㻌 㐲䛟䛾䜒䛾䜢ᑠ䛥
䛟ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛜ᇶᮏ䛻䛒䜛䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶ᅗ 㻥㻙㼎㻚䛾䜘䛖䛺ิ
ᰕ䛸ほᐹ⪅䛸䛾㊥㞳䛾㛵ಀ䛛䜙䛿㨶║䝺䞁䝈䛷な䛔
䛯䜘䛖䛻䛺䜛㻚㻌 ᗋ䜔ᱱ䛾⥺䛿᭤⥺䛸䛺䜚, 㧗䛥䜒୧➃
䛷▷䛟, ⏬㠃䛾࿘㎶㒊䛷䛿ṍ䜏䛜኱䛝䛟䛺䜛.
䛧䛛䛧ே㛫䛾║䛻䛿ᚲ䛪䛧䜒 㼎㻚䛾䜘䛖䛻䛿ぢ䛘䛪㻘㻌
㏱ど⥺䛜᭤⥺䛸䛺䜛䛸䛣䜝䜢ே㛫䛾⬻䛿┤⥺䛸䛧䛶 㼏㻚
䜔 㼐㻚䛾䜘䛖䛻ㄆ㆑䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 㻌
㻡㻚㻟㻚
஧ᾘኻⅬ䛾㊥㞳䛸ᥥ⏬䜲䝯䞊䝆㻌
஧ᾘኻⅬ䛾㊥㞳䛾㐪䛔䛿䠈ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟䛾⾲⌧䛻኱䛝䛟
ᙳ㡪䛩䜛䠊 a 䛿ᮃ㐲䠈b 䛿ᶆ‽䠈c 䛿ᗈゅ䛸䜹䝯䝷䛾
䝺䞁䝈཰ᕪ䛸ྠᵝ䛻⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜛䠊d 䛷䛿ṍ䜏䛜኱䛝䛟䠈
᭱㏆ゅ䛜 90㼻䜘䜚⊃䛟୙⮬↛䛸䛺䜛䠊
㻌
ᅗ 㻝㻝䠖஧ᾘኻⅬ䛾㊥㞳䛸ᥥ⏬䜲䝯䞊䝆㻌
㻡㻚㻠㻚
㻌
ᅗ 㻥䠖㏱どᅗ⌮ㄽ䛸ᐇ㝿䛾ぢ䛘᪉䛾㐪䛔㻌
㻌
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻୕ḟඖ䛾❧యᥥ⏬䛿, ⿵ṇ䛜ᚲせ䛺䜎
䜎஧ḟඖ䛾ᖹ㠃ୖ䛻⾲⌧䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙, ṇ☜䛺⥺䛸
䛧䛶䛿⏬㠃ୖ䛹䛣䛻䜒Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔䛣䛸䛸䛺䜚, ⿵ṇ䛜
ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛. 㻌
5.2. ㏱どᅗ⌮ㄽ䛾▩┪
ᅗ 10 䛾෇ᙧ䜔ṇ᪉ᙧ䛾ᯈ䛻䛴䛔䛶, a.䛿ほᐹ⪅
䛾║䛸ྠ䛨㧗䛥䛷Ỉᖹ䛻═䜑䛶䛔䜛䛸௬ᐃ䛩䜛.ど⥺
䛿Ỉᖹ≧ែ䛛䜙ᚎ䚻䛻 b, c 䛸ୗ㝆䛥䛫, d ௜㏆䛷䛿䛭
䜜䛮䜜ṇ෇䜔ṇ᪉ᙧ䛸䛺䛳䛯ᚋ, e 䛾䜘䛖䛺⦪㛗䛾ᴃ
෇䜔⳻ᙧ䜈䛸ኚ໬䛩䜛䠊⦪ᶓ䛾㍈ẚ⋡䛿㏫㌿䛧䠈
ᚎ䚻䛻ṍ䜏䛜኱䛝䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ゎ䜛.
䛣䛾ሙྜ䠈ほᐹ⪅䛿ᩳ䜑䛛䜙ぢ䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䠈b.~c.
㻌
㏱どᅗ䛾㝈⏺䜢㉸䛘䛯⾲⌧㻌
ᅗ 㻝㻞㻙㼍㻚䛾䝡䝹䛿㻘㻌 ஧䛴䛾ᾘኻⅬ VP-L,VP-R 䜢┤
ᚄ䛸䛩䜛෇࿘ୖ䜢኱䛝䛟㞳䜜䛶䛚䜚, ᒇୖඛ➃㒊䛾
ṍ䜏䛜኱䛝䛔䜒䛾䛾䠈㧗䛥䛜ᙉㄪ䛥䜜䛶ぢ䛘䜛. 㻌
㼎㻚㼐㻚䜒 㼍㻚䛸ྠᵝ䛻෇࿘ୖ䜢኱䛝䛟㞳䜜䛶ṍ䜏䛿䛒䜛
䜒䛾䛾, ᖹ⾜㏱ど䜢ᇶᮏ䛻సᅗ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ẚ㍑ⓗṍ
䜏䛜ᑡ䛺䛟ឤ䛨䜙䜜䜛. 㼏㻚䛾⮬ື㌴䛿㻘㻌 䝪䞁䝛䝑䝖ඛ➃
䛜஧䛴䛾ᾘኻⅬ VP-L,VP-R 䜢┤ᚄ䛸䛩䜛෇࿘ୖ䛻
䛒䜛䛯䜑 90㼻䛻㏆䛟, 䜎䛯ඛ➃䛸ᚋ➃䛻᤬䜜䛜⏕䛨
ṍ䜏䛾኱䛝䛔䛣䛸䛜ゎ䜛㻚㻌
174
福田哲夫
ᅗ 㻝㻞䠖㝈ᗘ䜢㉸䛘䛯㏱どᅗ䛻䜘䜛እほ⾲⌧౛㻌
㻌
ᅗ 㻝㻟㻚䛿 㼂㻼㻙㻸㻝㻚䛸 㼂㻼㻙㻾㻚䛻䜘䜚సᅗ䛥䜜䛯ཎ⏬䛻䛴
䛔䛶㻘㻌 ᕥഃ䛾ቨ㠃䜢㏱᫂⾲⌧䛸䛧䛶㻘㼂㻼㻙㻸㻝㻚䜢 㼂㻼㻙㻸
䠎㻚䛻⛣ື䛥䛫䛶ṍ䜏⿵ṇ䜢ຍ䛘䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌
㻌
ᅗ 㻝㻠䠖䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗⏝㏱どᅗἲ
6.2. ⡆᫆㏱どᅗἲ䛻䜘䜛❧᪉య䛾ᥥ⏬
ᅗ 㻝㻟䠖㝈ᗘ䜢㉸䛘䛯ෆほ⾲⌧౛㻌
㻌
㻌
ᅗ 㻝㻡㻦㏱どᅗἲ䛾┦㛵ᅗ㻌
㻌
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻㏱どᅗἲ䛾㝈⏺䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛿㻘㻌 ṍ䜏⿵ṇ
䜢ຠᯝⓗ䛻౑䛖䛣䛸䛷㏕ຊ䛾䛒䜛ᥥ⏬䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛.
䛭䜜䜙䜢㄂ᙇ䛸ᤊ䛘䜛䛛㻘㻌 ṍ䜏䛸ᤊ䛘䜛䛛䛾ุ᩿䛿ྛ
⮬䛾䝕䝑䝃䞁ຊ䛸ᑂ⨾║䛻㢗䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛.
6. 䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗䝇䜿䝑䝏䛻㐺䛧䛯⡆᫆㏱どᅗἲ
ᅗ 8 䛾䜘䛖䛺ఏ⤫ⓗ㏱どᅗἲ䛷䛿, ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟≀䛾
ゅᗘ䜢Ỵ䜑䛶䛛䜙஧䛴䛾ᾘኻⅬ䜢Ỵ䜑䜛㐣⛬䜢⤒䛶
䛔䜛. 䛣䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᅗ 15~18 䛿,䜲䞁䝎䝇䝖䝸䜰䝹䝕䝄
䜲䝘䞊ྥ䛡䛾䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗⏝㏱どᅗἲ㻔ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠖
䠷㻞䠹㻕䛸䛧䛶䜘䛟⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛.
㛗ᡤ䛿䠈ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟≀䜢஧䛴䛾ᾘኻⅬ VP-L,VP-R
䛛䜙ồ䜑䜛䛯䜑⏝⣬䜢䛿䜏ฟ䛩䛣䛸䛜䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯ᅗ
17 䛾సᅗ䛻ᚲせ䛺ᑍἲ䛿 1/2 䛜ᇶ‽䛷䛒䜚䠈┠ศ㔞
䛷䜒 䜚䜔䛩䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙, 䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗䛻䜘䜛⡆౽䛺ᥥ
⏬ἲ䛸䛧䛶䝕䝄䜲䞁⌧ሙ䛷䛾฼⏝౯್䜢㧗䜑䛶䛔䜛.
ᅗ 㻝㻢㻦㻌 䠐䠑㼻㏱ど䛾ᥥ䛝᪉㻌
㻌
㻌
6.1. ᥥ⏬どゅ䛾඲యീ䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛
ᅗ 㻝㻠 䛾䜘䛖䛺඲᪉఩䛻䜟䛯䜛どゅ䛛䜙㻘㻌 ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟
䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯どゅ䛾㑅ᢥ䜢䛩䜛㻚㻌 ከᑡ䛾᫬
㛫䛿᥃䛛䜛䛜㻘㻌 Ỵᐃᚋ䛿⣲᪩䛔ᥥ⏬䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䛯
䜑䠈ᚋ䛿㒊ศព໶➼䛻ᑓᛕ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛㻚㻌 㻌
ᅗ 㻝㻣㻦㻌㻢㻜㻙㻟㻜㼻䠄㻢㻜㻙㻟㻜㼻䠅㏱ど䛾ᥥ䛝᪉㻌
㻌
㻌
フリーハンド・スケッチによる形態の操作と展開 175
㻌
ᅗ 㻞㻝䠖஧Ⅼ㏱ど䛛䜙୕Ⅼ㏱ど
6.6. ❧᪉య䛛䜙䛾ቑṪ䛸ศ๭
㻌
ᅗ 㻝㻤㻦㻌 ᖹ⾜㏱ど䛾ᥥ䛝᪉㻌
6.3. ᖹ⾜㏱ど䛛䜙どゅ䛾⿵ṇ
ᖹ⾜㏱ど䜢ᛂ⏝䛧䛯どゅ⿵ṇ⏝䛾┬␎⏬ἲ䜢♧䛩.
どゅ䛾⿵ṇ⠊ᅖ䛿⊃䛔䛜, ṇ㠃ᅗ➼䛛䜙⡆౽䛻㏱
どᅗ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶౽฼䛷䛒䜛.
1.❧㠃ᅗ䛸䛧䛶 ᅄ㎶ᙧ a b c d 䜢ᥥ䛟.
2.Ỉᖹ⥺ HL 䛷║䛾㧗䛥䜢ᐃ䜑䠈ᆶ┤⥺ VL 䛷ᕥྑ
䛾どⅬ఩⨨ EP 䜢௵ព䛾఩⨨䛻Ỵ䜑䜛.
3.EP 䛛䜙 a b c d 䜎䛷䜢㏱ど⥺䛷⤖䜆.
4.ḟ䛻⥺䜢ዟ䜈ⱝᖸᖹ⾜⛣ື䛧,㏱ど⥺䛸஺ᕪ䛩䜛
㒊఩䛻 c’ d’ 䜢ᚓ䜛.
5.ᅄ㎶ᙧ a b c’ d’ 䜢䜒䛸䛻ᇶᮏ䛾㏱どᅗ䜢ᚓ䜛.
㏱どᅗἲ䛾ከ䛟䛿㻘㻌 ❧᪉య䜢ᇶᮏ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌 䛣䛾
❧᪉య䛛䜙௚䛾ᗄఱᏛⓗᙧែ䜈䛾෌⌧䜔ᒎ㛤᪉ἲ
䛿㻘㻌 ᅗ 㻞㻞 䛾䜘䛖䛺ቑṪ䜔ศ๭ἲ䛻䜘䜚⦪䠈ᶓ䠈ዟ⾜䛝
䛺䛹୕㍈䛾ẚ౛ኚ᭦䛻䜘䜚䠈ྜ⌮ⓗ䛺ᥥ⏬䜢ྍ⬟䛻
䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌
㼍 䛿ṇ᪉ᙧ䛾ᑐゅ⥺䜢⏝䛔䛯ቑṪἲ䛷䛒䜚䠈㼎 䛿䛭
䛾㏱どᅗἲ䜈䛾ᛂ⏝䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㼏 䛿ྠᵝ䛻ᑐゅ
⥺䜢⏝䛔䛶ศ๭䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌
ᅗ 㻞㻞䠖ቑᖜ䛸⦰ᑠᒎ㛤䛾᪉ἲ㻌
㻌
7. እほᅗ䜈䛾ᛂ⏝
7.1. ᇶᮏ䛿Ỉᖹ⥺䛸䛾㛵ಀ
ᅗ 㻝㻥䠖ᖹ⾜㏱ど䛛䜙䛾どゅ⿵ṇ㻌
㻢㻚㻠㻚
Ỉᖹ⥺ HL 䛿㏱どᅗ䛾ᇶᮏ䛷䛒䜚䠈ほᐹ⪅䛾║䛾
㧗䛥䛻䛒䜛䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟≀䛜║䜘䜚ప䛔఩⨨
䛷䛿Ỉᖹ⥺ HL 䛾ୗ᪉䛻ᥥ䛝,║䜘䜚㧗䛔఩⨨䛾䜒䛾
䛿Ỉᖹ⥺ HL 䛾ୖ᪉䛻ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛷䠈䛭䛾㛵ಀᛶ䛛䜙୍
⯡ⓗ䛺䝇䜿䞊䝹ឤ䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛.
㻌
୕Ⅼ㏱ど䛾ᴫᛕ㻌
a 䛿஧Ⅼ㏱ど䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧 c 䛾䜘䛖䛻⦪᪉ྥ䛾⥺
䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒㐲㏆䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ᕥྑ䛾ᾘኻⅬ䛻ຍ
䛘➨୕䛾ᾘኻⅬ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䛭䛾▩┪䜢ゎᾘ䛧䠈
䜘䜚⌧ᐇⓗ䛺ᥥ⏬䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䠊
㻌
ᅗ 㻞㻟䠖ṍ䜏䛿࿘㎶㒊䛷኱䛝䛟୰ኸ㒊䛿ᑠ䛥䛔㻌
7.2. እほ䛾సᅗ䛿ᖹ㠃䛛䜙
ᅗ 㻞㻜䠖ᆶ┤᪉ྥ䛾ᾘኻⅬ䜢ຍ䛘䛯⾲⌧㻌
㻌
6.5. ஧Ⅼ㏱ど䛛䜙୕Ⅼ㏱ど䜈䛾⿵ṇ
1. ❧᪉య a b c d e f g h 䜢⏝ព䛩䜛䠊
2. ᗏ㠃䛻ᑐゅ⥺䜢ᥥ䛟䠊
3. ᗏ㠃 a b c d 䛾ྛⅬ䛿䠈㏱ど⥺䛸ᑐゅ⥺䛸䛾஺
Ⅼ䛛䜙 a’ b’ c’ d’ 䛸䛧䛶⤠䜚㎸䜐.
4.⿵ṇྍ⬟⠊ᅖ䛿⊃䛔䛜, ⡆౽䛻ᨃఝⓗ୕Ⅼ㏱ど
䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛┬␎⏬ἲ䛸䛧䛶౽฼䛷䛒䜛.
㏱どᅗἲ䛷䛿୺䛸䛧䛶ᖹ㠃ᅗ䜢ᇶ䛻సᅗ䜢ጞ䜑䜛.
୍⯡ⓗ䛻䛿䠈ᘓ⠏䛾ᩜᆅ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶㓄⨨䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜
ከ䛟䠈ᘓ≀䛛䜙㛫ྲྀ䜚䜔ෆ⿦䜎䛷䛾ᥥ⏬䛻ຠᯝⓗ䛷
䛒䜛䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶ᆶ┤䜔Ỉᖹ䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛯⏕ά⏝ရ䛾
୰䛷䛿䠈ኳ஭䛾↷᫂ჾල䠈ቨ㠃䛾✵ㄪ䜔Ჴ䠈❆ᯟ,
Ỉᖹ䛾ᗋ㠃䛻タ⨨䛥䜜䜛෭ⶶᗜ➼䛾ẚ㍑ⓗ኱ᆺ䛾
䜒䛾䛛䜙, ᮘୖ䜔༟ୖ䛻⨨䛛䜜䜛⏕άᑠ≀⏝ရ䛺䛹
䛿䛣䜜䜙䛾㏱どᅗἲ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᥥ⏬ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䠊
176
福田哲夫
ᅗ 28䠖ෆほᅗ䛾ᇶᮏᥥ⏬
ᅗ 㻞㻠䠖Ỉᖹ⥺䛸䝰䝜䛾㛵ಀ
8. ෆほᅗ䜈䛾ᛂ⏝
8.1. ᇶᮏᵓᅗ䛾㑅ᢥ
ᐊෆ䛺䛹䛾ෆほᅗ䛿, ಶே⏝ఫᏯ䛛䜙බඹ✵㛫䜎
䛷ᅗ 19 䛾ᖹ⾜㏱どᅗἲ䜢⏝䛔䛶ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛. ᖹ
⾜㏱どᅗἲ䛿୍Ⅼ㏱ど䛾䜘䛖䛰䛜, ዟ⾜䛝䛻ᑐゅ⥺
䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙, ஧Ⅼ㏱どᅗἲ䛾䜂䛸䛴䛷䛒䜛.
ᅗ 25~ᅗ 27 䛿䠈
1.どⅬ䛾㧗䛥䛿ほᐹ⪅䛾║䛾㧗䛥䛻ྠ䛨䛷䛒䜛.
2.⏬㠃䛻ᑐ䛧 a 䛷䛿୰఩䛜║䛾㧗䛥䛸䛺䜛. b 䛷䛿┦
ᑐⓗ䛻どⅬ䛜㧗䛟䛺䜛䛯䜑, ୖ㒊✵㛫䛿⊃䛟ឤ䛨䜛䠊
c 䛷䛿┦ᑐⓗ䛻ど⥺䛾఩⨨䛜ప䛟䛺䜛䛯䜑,ᥥ䛛䜜䜛
ୖ㒊✵㛫䛜ᗈ䛟ឤ䛨䜙䜜䜛.
3.ḟ䛻どⅬ䜢ᕥྑഃ䜈⛣ື䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈㏥ᒅ
䛺⏬㠃䛛䜙㨩ຊⓗ䛺⏬㠃䜈䛸ᑟ䛟䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
8.3. ෆほᅗ䛾ᛂ⏝ᥥ⏬
ᐊෆ䛺䛹䛾ෆほᅗ䛿, 」ᩘ䛾ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟≀䛻䛴䛔
䛶どゅ䜔኱䛝䛥䜔㊥㞳䛺䛹䜢ྫྷ࿡䛧㓄⨨䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈
ሙ䛾⮫ሙឤ䜢ⓗ☜䛻ఏ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛.
ᅗ 29 䛿, ᅗ 19 䜢ᛂ⏝䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷, ⏬㠃୧➃䛾ṍ
䜏䛿䜔䜔኱䛝䛟䛺䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈㄂ᙇ䛧䛯ᗑ⯒䛾ෆ⿦⾲
⌧➼䛻䛿ຠᯝⓗ䛷䛒䜛.
ᅗ 㻞㻥䠖ᗑ⯒䛾䝅䞊䞁䝇䜿䝑䝏䜈䛾ᛂ⏝
9. ❧య䛾㝜ᙳ⾲⌧
ᅗ 㻞㻡䠖Ỉᖹ⥺䛜⏬㠃୰ኸ䛾ሙྜ㻌
9.1. ᅗ㠃䛛䜙䛾㝜ᙳ⾲⌧
ᅗ 30 䛿ᖹ㠃ᅗ䜢⏝䛔䛯㝜ᙳ⾲⌧䛷, ග※䛿ᕥᩳ
䜑ୖ᪉ 45㼻䜢ᇶᮏ䛸䛩䜛䠊ᕥୖ䛿ᯈ⣬䜢ᾋ䛛䛧䛶,
ᕥୗ䛿❧᪉య䜢᥋ᆅ䛧䛶⾲䛩䠊୰ኸ䛿ᯈ⣬䛾㔜䛺䜚
䜢⾲䛩.ྑୖ䛿෇ᰕ䜢䠈ྑୗ䛿◙ᙎᆺ䜢⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛.
ᅗ 㻞㻢䠖Ỉᖹ⥺䛜⏬㠃ୖ᪉䛾ሙྜ㻌
㻌
ᅗ 㻟㻜䠖ᖹ⾜ග⥺䛻䜘䜛❧యឤ
ᅗ 㻞㻣䠖Ỉᖹ⥺䛜⏬㠃ୗ᪉䛾ሙྜ㻌
㻌
䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻どⅬ EP 䛸䛺䜛Ỉᖹ⥺ HL 䛾㧗䛥䛸ᕥྑ
䛾❧఩⨨䛾タᐃ䛿䠈✵㛫䛾ᗈ䛥䜔ぢ䛫᪉➼䠈ఏ䛘䛯
䛔ෆᐜ䛻䜘䜚ຠᯝⓗ䛺⏬㠃䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛.
㻌
㻌
ᅗ 31 䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ᅗ 30 䛸ྠᵝ䛻ྠ䛨ᅗ㠃䜢⏝䛔
䛶䜒ᙳ䛾ᥥ䛝᪉ḟ➨䛷❧య䛾ᙧ䜔఩┦䛾㐪䛔䛜ᥥ䛝
ศ䛡䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛.
8.2. ෆほᅗ䛾⡆᫆ᇶᮏᥥἲ
䛿䛨䜑䛻ෆほᅗ䛾ᇶᮏ䛸䛺䜛✵㛫䛾ṇ㠃ᅗ䜢ᥥ䛟.
䠍䠊Ỉᖹ⥺ H.L.䛿║䛾㧗䛥䛸䛩䜛䠊
䠎䠊ᆶ┤⥺䛿║䛾ᕥྑ᪉ྥ䛾఩⨨䛸䛧䠈ୖグ 1, 2,
䛾஺Ⅼ䛿ほᐹ⪅䛾どⅬ EP 䛸䛺䜛䠊
3. ඲䛶䛾㏱ど⥺䛿 EP 䜈ྥ䛛䛔ᥥ䛛䜜䜛.
4䠊ே≀௚䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲䜢ᥥ䛝ධ䜜䠈᏶ᡂ䛥䛫䜛䠊
ᅗ 㻟㻝䠖ṇ㠃ᅗ䛸ᢞᙳ䛻䜘䜛❧య⾲⌧
㻝㻜㻚 ❧యឤ䛸┬␎ᥥἲ䠄┬➹ἲ䠅㻌
10.1. ࿘ᅖ䛾ᙉㄪ䛻䜘䜛❧యឤ
▷᫬㛫䛷ຠ⋡䛾Ⰻ䛔䝇䜿䝑䝏䜢ᥥ䛟䛻䛿䠈୺㢟䛾
᫂☜䛺⾲⌧䛻ᚰ᥃䛡䜛䛣䛸䛻䛒䜛.
フリーハンド・スケッチによる形態の操作と展開 177
䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈୺㢟䛾ᐃ⩏䛻ᚲせ䛺஦᯶௨እ䛾
⾲⌧䜢ᙅ䜑䜛䛛, 䛒䜛䛔䛿┬␎䜢䛩䜛䛸䜘䛔.
䛣䛣䛷䛿䛭䛾❧᪉య䛻䛿ᡭ䜢ຍ䛘䛪䠈࿘㎶䛾⫼ᬒ
᧯స䛻䜘䜚❧యឤ䜢ṧ䛩᭱ᑠ䛾᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶♧䛩.
a䠊b䠊䛿ᢞᙳ䛥䜜䛯㝜ᙳ䛾䜏䛾⾲⌧䠊c 䛿࿘ᅖ䜢
ኴ䛟ᅖ䜏⾲⌧䠊d. e.䛿⫼ᬒ䜢⏝䛔䛯ᫎ䜚㎸䜏䛾⾲⌧䠊
f 䛿⫼ᬒ䛷ᅖ䜏⾲⌧䛩䜛䠊
䜛᫬㛫▷⦰䛻䛿ຠᯝⓗ䛷䛒䜛.
䠍䠊䝰䝜䛻䛿㝜ᙳ䜢௜䛡䛪䛻䠈ᢞᙳ䛥䜜䛯㐲᪉䛾
ᙳ䛾୍㒊䜢┬␎䛧┬➹䛻䛴䛺䛢䜛.
ᅗ 㻟㻢䠖ᙳ䛾┬➹䛾౛
2. ୰ᚰ⥺䛸⿵ຓ⥺䜢ຠᯝⓗ䛻⏝䛔䛶䠈ᥥ䛝㎸䜏㔞
䜒ẁ㝵ⓗ䛻ῶ䜙䛩䠊
ᅗ 㻟㻞䠖࿘ᅖ䛾ᙉㄪ䛻䜘䜛❧యឤ
10.2. ᫎ䜚㎸䜏䛻䜘䜛❧యឤ
⫼ᬒ䛻䛒䜛࿘㎶䛾ᬒⰍ䜢ᫎ䜚㎸䜎䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷❧యឤ䜢
⾲⌧䛩䜛䛜䠈ྠ᫬䛻ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟≀䛾䝔䜽䝇䝏䝳䜰䛺䛹
⾲㠃ฎ⌮䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒⾲⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊
ᅗ 㻟㻣䠖⧞䜚㏉䛧䛾⾲⌧䛻䛿✵Ẽ㐲㏆ἲ
3䠊┬➹䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿ほᐹ䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧᭱㐺䛺⾲⌧ᡭἲ
䜢ヨ䜏䜛カ⦎䜢ᚰ᥃䛡䛯䛔䠊
ᅗ 㻟㻟䠖ᫎ䜚㎸䜏䛸䝇䝖䝻䞊䜽䛻䜘䜛❧యឤ
10.3. ᫂ᗘᕪ䛻䜘䜛❧యឤ
୍⯡ⓗ䛻❧యឤ䛿, ᫂ᗘᕪ䛷ᥥ䛝⾲䛩䝞䝸䝳䞊䞉䝇
䜿䝑䝏䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䜛. ୍␒᫂䜛䛔⟠ᡤ䛿䝝䜲䝷䜲䝖䛸࿧
䜃, ග※䛸ᢞᙳ䛥䜜䛯㠃䛾ゅᗘ䛻䜘䜛᫂ᗘᕪ䜢ᥞ䛘
䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚❧యឤ䜢䛥䜙䛻㝿❧䛯䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛.
ᅗ 㻟㻤䠖ᫎ䜚㎸䜏䛻䜘䜛┬➹⾲⌧䛾౛
㻌
10.6. 䝝䜲䝁䞁䝖䝷䝇䝖䛻䜘䜛┬➹
䝝䜲䝁䞁䝖䝷䝇䝖䛻䜘䜛⾲⌧䛿, ග䛾ᙜ䛯䜛㠃䜢䛩䜉
䛶ⓑ䛟䠈ග䛾ᙜ䛯䜙䛺䛔⟠ᡤ䜢䛩䜉䛶ᙳ䛸䛧䛶௙ୖ䛢䠈
୰㛫䛾㝜ᙳ䜢௜䛡䛪䛻ᥥ䛟┬➹⏬ἲ䛷䛒䜛.
㻌
ᅗ 39䠖ග※䛾఩⨨䜢ኚ䛘䛯⌫య䛾㝜
㻌
ᅗ 㻟㻠䠖䝞䝸䝳䞊䞉䝇䜿䝑䝏
㻝㻜㻚㻠㻚 䝔䜽䝇䝏䝳䜰䛻䜘䜛❧యឤ㻌
ග※䛿ᕥᩳ䜑ୖ᪉ 45㼻䜢ᇶᮏ䛸䛩䜛䛜䠈䝔䜽䝇䝏
䝳䜰䛾ᐦᗘ䜢ኚ䛘䛶᫂ᗘᕪ䜢⾲⌧䛩䜛䠊
ᅗ 㻟㻡䠖䝔䜽䝇䝏䝳䜰䛸⣲ᮦឤ
᭱䜒᫂䜛䛔⟠ᡤ䛾⾲⌧䛿䠈㞃ⶸຊ䛾䛒䜛ⓑ䛔⏬ᮦ,
Ⰽ㖄➹, 䜺䝑䝅䝳, 䝫䝇䝍䞊䜹䝷䞊䛺䛹䛻䜘䜚ຍ➹䛩
䜛⾲⌧᪉ἲ䛸䠈䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑ᥥ䛛䛪䛻⣬䛾ⓑ䛥䜢⏕䛛䛧
䛯⾲⌧᪉ἲ䛸䛜䛒䜛. ᚋ⪅䛻䜘䜛ᅗ 40, ᅗ 41 䛾᪉ἲ
䛿䠈ᾘ䛩ᡭ㛫䛜┬䛡, 䜰䜲䝕䜰䛜㓰䜑䛺䛔䛖䛱䛾ᐃ
╔⏝䝯䝰䛸䛧䛶䛾䝃䝮䝛䜲䝹䝇䜿䝑䝏䛻䛿ຠᯝⓗ䛷䛒
䜛.
㻌
10.5. ✵Ẽ㐲㏆ἲ䛻䜘䜛┬➹⾲⌧䛸❧యឤ
✵Ẽ㐲㏆ἲ䛸䜒ゝ䜟䜜䜛⾲⌧᪉ἲ䛿, 㐲䛦䛛䜛䛻
ᚑ䛔㟘䜢䜲䝯䞊䝆䛧䛶ῐ䛟ᥥ䛟䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛜䠈┬➹䛻䜘
ᅗ 40: 䝝䜲䝁䞁䝖䝷䝇䝖⾲⌧
178
福田哲夫
11.1. ዟ⾜䛝䛾ṍ䜏䜢⿵ṇ䛧䛯䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗
㻌
ᅗ 㻠㻝䠖䝝䜲䝁䞁䝖䝷䝇䝖䠇䝝䜲䝷䜲䝖⾲⌧
ᅗ 44.䛾䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䛿䠈ᑐゅ⥺䜢᭤⥺䛸䛧䛯䜒䛾
䛷䠈ዟ⾜䛝ᑍἲ䛾୙㊊䛸䛔䛖ṍ䜏䜢⿵ṇ䛧䛶䛔䜛.
ᅗ 45.䜢═䜑, ཯ᑕⓗ䛻䜂䜙䜑䛔䛯➹ඛ䛸⣬䛸䛾㛫
䛻ᙧ䜢෌⌧䛥䛫䛶䜖䛟. ඲᪉఩䛛䜙䛾ᥥ⏬䛜ྍ⬟䛸
䛺䜛䛯䜑, ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯᭱㐺どゅ
䜢≉ᐃ䛧᫆䛔. 䜎䛯ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟≀඲య䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䜢ᥗ
䜑䜛䛯䜑䠈䜰䜲䝕䜰ᩚ⌮⏝䛸䛧䛶䜒౽฼䛷䛒䜛.
10.7. ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟≀䛸ග※䛸䛾㛵ಀ
1. ᒇෆ䛾㒊ᒇ䛻⨨䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛿ග※䛜
㏆䛔䛾䛷ᨺᑕග⥺䜢⏝䛔䛶ᥥ䛟. 䠄a䠅
2. ᒇእ䛾㞳䜜䛯ග※䛿, ኴ㝧䜔᭶䛺䛹䛸ྠ䛨䛟,
㐲䛔ග※䛸䛧䛶ᖹ⾜ග⥺䜢⏝䛔䛶ᥥ䛟. (b)
3. ୖグ䛾䜘䛖䛺ග※䛾㓄ග≉ᛶ䜢⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚,
ᒇෆ䛒䜛䛔䛿ᒇእ䛺䛹䛻⨨䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛≧ἣ䜎䛷䜒ᥥ
䛝ศ䛡䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛.
ᅗ 44䠖ዟ⾜䛝䜢⿵ṇ䛧䛯䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗
ᅗ 42䠖ᨺᑕග⥺䛸ᖹ⾜ග⥺䛾ᕪ
㻝㻝㻚 䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䜢⏝䛔䛯Ⓨ᝿䛸ᒎ㛤㻌
๓㏙䛾ᐃつ䛻䜘䜛㏱どᅗ䛿ᡭ㛫䛜᥃䛛䜛䛣䛸䛸, ᚲ
䛪䛧䜒ṇ☜䛷䛿䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶
䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䛾ά⏝䛿䠈᭱㐺どゅ䜢ୗᅗ䛸䛧䛯䝞䝸䜶
䞊䝅䝵䞁䝇䜿䝑䝏䜢ᥥ䛟䛻䛿ຠ⋡ⓗ䛷䛒䜛.
ᅗ 43 䛾 a.䛿඲᪉఩䛾どゅ䜢䜲䝯䞊䝆䛧ᥥ䛟䛜, ᪉
ྥᛶ䛜Ỵ䜎䜜䜀 b.䛾䜘䛖䛻⏬㠃䛾୧➃䜈ᾘኻⅬ VP
䜢䜲䝯䞊䝆䛧ᥥ䛟. c.䛿䛣䜜䜙䛾⧞䜚㏉䛧䛛䜙䠈⏬㠃እ
䛻 VP 䜢䜲䝯䞊䝆䛧䛺䛜䜙ᥥ䛟䛣䛸䛷䠈⏬㠃䜈䛾᭱㐺䛺
኱䛝䛥䛷䛾ᥥ⏬䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛.
ᅗ 㻠㻡䠖䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䜢⏝䛔䛯䜰䜲䝕䜰䛾ᒎ㛤
㻌
11.2. 䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䛾‽ഛ䛸䜰䜲䝕䜰ᒎ㛤
䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䛿㻘㻌 ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䜢ఏ䛘᫆䛔䛸
ᛮ䜟䜜䜛どゅ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛶㉳䛣䛧㻘㻌 ୗᩜ䛝䛸䛧䛶䜰䜲䝕
䜰䜢ᒎ㛤䛧䛶䛔䛟㻚㻌 సᅗ䛻↓㥏䛜䛺䛔ศ䠈ຠ⋡ⓗ䛺
ᥥ⏬䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛㻚㻌
ᅗ 㻠㻢 䛿㻘㻌 ᭱㐺どゅ䜘䜚๭䜚ฟ䛧䛶సᅗ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷㻘
ලయⓗ䛺ᒎ㛤䛾䛯䜑䛾䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌 㻌
㻌
ᅗ 㻠㻟䠖䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䜢⏝䛔䛯ᥥ⏬カ⦎ἲ㻌
㻌
㐠➹䛻䛿㻘㻌 ᖖ䛻どゅ඲య䜢ព㆑䛧㻘㻌 ᾘኻⅬ䜢䜲䝯
䞊䝆䛧䛺䛜䜙㌟ᵓ䛘㻘㻌 ࿧྾䜢Ṇ䜑䛶㻘㻌 ᥥ⏬⠊ᅖ䛾䜏
➹ඛ䜢⣬䛻╔➹䛥䛫䜛䜘䛖㻘㻌 ୍Ẽ࿣ᡂ䛻ᥥ䛟㻚㻌 㻌
≉䛻ᕥྑ䛾஧ᾘኻⅬ 㼂㻼㻙㻸㻘㼂㻼㻙㻾 䛜㻘㻌 ᥥ⏬⠊ᅖእ
䛷䛒䛳䛶䜒㻘㻌 䛭䜜䜙䜢ព㆑䛧䛯㏿➹䜢ᚰ᥃䛡䜛䛣䛸䛷㻘㻌
ṍ䜏䜔஘䜜䛾ᑡ䛺䛔⥺ᥥ⾲⌧䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛㻚㻌 㻌
䜎䛯㐠➹䛻䛿㻘㻌 ୍Ẽ࿣ᡂ䛾➹ໃ䛜䠈⏬㠃඲య䛻
⥭ᙇឤ䜢⏕䜏㻘㻌 ရ㉁ឤ䜎䛷⾲⌧䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛㻚㻌 㻌
㻌
ᅗ 46䠖ᑓ⏝䛾䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䜢సᅗ㻌
11.3. 䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䛾ά⏝
ᅗ 㻠㻢㻚䛻ຍ➹䛧䛯䛾䛜ᅗ 㻠㻣㻚䛷䛒䜛䠊䝟䞊䝇䜺䜲䝗䛿㻘
䛒䛟䜎䛷䜰䜲䝕䜰ᒎ㛤䛾䛯䜑䛾ᡭ᥃䜚䛷䛒䜚䠈䝕䝑䝃䞁
䛩䜛Ẽᣢ䛱䜢ᛀ䜜䛶ㄝᚓຊ䛾䛒䜛⏕䛝䛯䝇䜿䝑䝏䛺䛹
フリーハンド・スケッチによる形態の操作と展開 179
ᮃ䜑䛺䛔䠊ᯟ䛻䛸䜙䜟䜜䛺䛔Ⓨ᝿䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䛯䛔䠊㻌
ᅗ 㻡㻝䠖ẚ౛䛾ྫྷ࿡䛛䜙䛾ᒎ㛤
㻌
ᅗ 㻠㻣䠖ྠ୍どゅ䛷䜒䝇䜿䞊䝹ឤ䛿⮬⏤⮬ᅾ㻌
㻝㻟㻚 ❧᪉య䛛䜙䛾Ⓨ᝿䛸ᒎ㛤㻌
11.4. ❧᪉య䛾ṍ䜏䜢᳨ド䛩䜛
13.1. ❧᪉య䜢ᇶᮏ䛻䛧䛯Ⓨ᝿ἲ
ᥥ䛔䛯❧᪉య䛾ṍ䜏䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿, ୗグ䠐㡯┠䜢᳨
ド䛧, ṇ☜䛺⾲⌧䜈䛸㏆䛵䛡䛶䛔䛟.
a.䛿㏱ど⥺୕᪉ྥ䛾ẚ౛䜢ṇ䛩㻚㻌㼎㻚䛿ᾘኻⅬ䜢Ỉ
ᖹ⥺ୖ䛻ᥞ䛘䜛㻚㻌㼏㻚䛿᭱㏆ゅ䜢 㻥㻜㼻௨ୖ䛻䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻
䛩䜛㻚㻌㼐㻚䛿㏱ど⥺䛾㎷》䜢ྜ䜟䛫䜛㻚㻌
୍⯡ⓗ䛻㏱どᅗ䛿, Ỉᖹ䛾ᇶ‽㠃䜘䜚సᅗ䜢ጞ䜑
䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙,❧᪉య䜢୰ᚰ䛾Ⓨ᝿䛸ᒎ㛤䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊
❧᪉య䜢ሢᮦᩱ䛸䛧䛶ぢ❧䛶, ᶵᲔຍᕤ䜢᪋䛩ᡭ
㡰䛷䜲䝯䞊䝆ᒎ㛤䛩䜛䛸ゎ䜚᫆䛔.
ᅗ 㻠㻤㻦❧᪉య䛾ṍ䜏᳨ドἲ㻌
㻌
ᅗ 52䠖⣲ᮦ䛸ຍᕤ᪉ἲ䛛䜙䛾Ⓨ᝿
㻝㻞㻚 ᗄఱᏛⓗᙧែ䛛䜙䛾Ⓨ᝿䛸ᒎ㛤㻌
㻌
㏱どᅗἲ䛾ᇶᮏ䛿, ❧᪉య䛸⌫య䛷䛒䜛䠊௚䛾ᗄ
ఱᏛⓗᙧែ䛾┤᪉య䞉ゅᰕ䛾௚, ༙⌫䠈෇ᰕ䠈෇㗹
➼䛾ᙧែ䛿, ᮏ✏䛾ᥥ⏬ᒎ㛤ἲ䜢㌟䛻௜䛡ᛂ⏝䛩
䜛䛣䛸䛷, ⮬ᅾ䛺ᒎ㛤䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛.
✰ຍᕤ䠈෇ᰕ䛸䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫⾲⌧➼䛻䛿䠈ᴃ෇䜢
⏝䛔䜛䠊ᴃ෇䛾సᅗ䛿䠈㻝㻞 Ⅼἲ䠄ཧ⪃ᅗ᭩䠷㻞䠹䠅➼䛻
䜘䜚␲ఝᴃ෇䜢ồ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䜛䛜䠈㏆ఝゅᗘ䛾䝔
䝮䝥䝺䞊䝖䛾฼⏝䜒౽฼䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌
⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫᪉䛿㻘㻌 ᅗ 㻡㻝㻙㼍㻚㼎㻚䛷䛿ṍ䜏䛜⏕䛨䜛䠊㻌
ᅗ 㻡㻟㻙㼏㻚䛾䜘䛖䛻ᕥഃ䛾㠃䛻ᥥ䛟ሙྜ䛻䛿䠈㼂㻼㻙㻾 䜈
ྥ䛛䛖㏱ど⥺䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᴃ෇䛾▷㍈䜢ྜ䜟䛫䠈䛭䛾ྑ
ഃ䛾㠃䛻ᥥ䛟ሙྜ䛻䛿 㼂㻼㻙㻸 䜈ྥ䛛䛖㏱ど⥺䛻ᴃ෇
䛾▷㍈䜢ྜ䜟䛫䜛䛸䜘䛔䠊㻌
ᅗ 49䠖❧᪉య䛸⌫య䛜ᥥ⏬䛾ᇶᮏ
12.1. ẚ౛䛾ྫྷ࿡䛻䜘䜛ᒎ㛤
䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊䛻䛿䠈⨾䛾ᇶ‽䛸䛔䜟䜜䜛㐀ᙧᵓᡂཎ
⌮䜢Ꮫ䜃, ᑂ⨾║䜢㣴䛔, Ⓨ᝿㇏䛛䛺ឤᛶ䜢㌟䛻䛴
䛡䜛䛣䛸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛.
➼ᕪᩘิ䛾௚䛻➼ẚᩘิ䛜䛒䜛䠊୰䛷䜒䝣䜱䝪䝘
䝑䝒䜱ᩘิ䛻䛿㝈䜚䛺䛟㯤㔠ẚ䛻㏆䛵䛟୙ᛮ㆟䛜䛒䜛䠊
ᅗ 50-a 䛿㯤㔠ẚ䛾సᅗἲ䠊b.c.䛿䝹䞊䝖▴ᙧ䛾సᅗ
ἲ䛷䛒䜛䠊⮬㌟䛾ᑂ⨾║䜢☻䛔䛶ྫྷ࿡䛧䛯䛔䠊
ᅗ 㻡㻜㻦ᑂ⨾ⓗ䝹䞊䝖▴ᙧ䛛䜙䛾ᒎ㛤
㻌
ᅗ 51 䛷䛿䠈䛭䛾ᇶ♏ⓗ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛛䜙䠈❧᪉య䛾
୕㍈ẚ౛ኚ໬䛻䜘䜛䝥䝻䝫䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ᕪ䜔༸ᙧ䛾ど
ぬⓗ䛺䜲䝯䞊䝆䛜኱䛝䛟ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢⌮ゎ䛧䛯䛔. 㻌
ᅗ 53䠖ᴃ෇䛾▷㍈䜢ྜ䜟䛫䛯ᥥ⏬ゅᗘ
䜰䜲䝕䜰䛾ቨ䛻✺䛝ᙜ䛯䛳䛯㝿䛻䛿㻘㻌 䛩䛠䛻䜻䞊䝽
䞊䜢ኚ䛘䛶㻘㻌 ᅽ⦰䞉ᘬᙇ䞉᤬䜛䞉ᧉ䜐䞉㛤䛡䜛䞉ሰ䛠䞉◊
☻䞉ษ䜛䞉⧅䛠䞉㈞䜛䞉๤䛜䛩䞉๐䜛䞉┒䜛䞉ຍ⇕䞉෭༷௚䠈
ຍᕤ᪉ἲ䜢ᛮ䛔ᾋ䛛䜉䜛➼⮬⏤䛺Ⓨ᝿䜢ヨ䜏䜛㻚㻌 㻌
ᅗ 㻡㻠䠖⣲ᮦ䛸ຍᕤ䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛯ᒎ㛤౛㻌
㻌
㻝㻟㻚㻞㻚 ᯈᮦ䛛䜙䛾Ⓨ᝿䜢ಁ䛩㻌
䠍䠊ᯈᮦ䛾᭤⋡䜔ᛶ㉁䜢ㄞ䜏❧య䜢ไᚚ䛩䜛䠊
180
福田哲夫
ᅗ 㻡㻡䠖㠃䛾ᛶ㉁䜢▱䜛
䠎䠊どゅ䜢ኚ䛘䛯ᥥ⏬䛛䜙༳㇟䛾෌☜ㄆ䜢䛩䜛䠊
ᅗ 㻢㻝䠖┤᪉య䛛䜙䛾ᒎ㛤
㻌
㻝㻟㻚㻠㻚 ⌫య䛛䜙䛾Ⓨ᝿䜢ಁ䛩㻌
ᅗ 㻡㻢䠖どゅ䜢ኚ䛘䛯୍Ẽ࿣ᡂ䛾ᥥ⏬
䠏䠊どゅ䜢ኚ䛘䛶䜒䠈㠃䛾ᫎ䜚㎸䜏䜢ព㆑䛩䜛䠊㻌
ᅗ 㻡㻣䠖㠃䛾ᫎ䜚㎸䜏䛸ᥥ⏬౛㻌
㻌
䠐䠊୰ᚰ⥺䛸᩿㠃⥺䜢ព㆑䛧䛯ᙧែ⿵ຓ⥺䜢ᥥ䛝
㎸䜐䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚❧యឤ䜢ᚓ䜛㻚㻌 㻌
ᙧែ䛻䜘䛳䛶䛿䠈❧᪉య䜘䜚䜒⌫య䛛䜙䛾Ⓨ᝿䜔ᒎ
㛤䛜ᐜ᫆䛺ሙྜ䛜䛒䜛䠊ᙧែ䛾ほᐹ䛛䜙䠈䜎䛪䛿ᗄ
ఱᏛⓗᙧែ䜈䛾ᵓ㐀໬䜔⤌䜏❧䛶䛺䛹䛾カ⦎䛜Ḟ
䛛䛫䛺䛔䠊⌫య䜢ᇶ䛻䛧䛯ᥥ⏬ἲ䛾ヲ⣽䛿⣖せ䠑ྕ
䛻ゎㄝ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
㻌
ᅗ 㻢㻞䠖⌫య䛛䜙䛾ᒎ㛤㻌
㻝㻠㻚 ⏬㠃ᵓᡂ㻌
⫼ᬒ䛾⤌䜏㎸䜏᪉䛻䜘䛳䛶䛿䠈ᑍἲ➼䛾௙ᵝ䛾௚䠈
᫬㛫䠈ሙᡤ䠈≧ἣ䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊䜎䛯䝰䝜䛾
㓄⨨䛛䜙䛿ື䛝䜔㔜䛥㍍䛥➼䜒⾲⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䠈
┦ᑐⓗ䛺䝇䜿䞊䝹ឤ䛸䛸䜒䛻⮫ሙឤ䜢₇ฟ䛩䜛䠊
ᅗ 㻡㻤䠖୰ᚰ⥺䛸᩿㠃⥺䛻䜘䜛❧యឤ㻌
㻌
㻌
䠑䠊⫼ᬒ䛾ᫎ䜚㎸䜏䜢ព㆑䛧䛯ຍ➹䛻䜘䜚䠈ᥥ⏬ᑐ
㇟䛾⁥䜙䛛䛺⾲㠃ฎ⌮䜎䛷䜒⾲⌧ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛㻚㻌 㻌
㻝㻠㻚㻝㻚 ⫼ᬒ䛻䜘䜚⌮ゎ䜢ಁ䛩㻌
1.⫼ᬒ䛿ල㇟䞉ᢳ㇟䜢ၥ䜟䛪䝰䝜䛾⾲㠃䛻ᫎ䜚㎸䜎
䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷⾲㠃ฎ⌮䜎䛷⾲⌧䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䠊㻌
ᅗ 㻢㻟䠖䝰䝜䠇⫼ᬒ䛷ᫎ䜚㎸䜏ຠᯝ
㻌
ᅗ 㻡㻥䠖⫼ᬒ䛾ᫎ䜚㎸䜏䛻䜘䜛⾲㠃ฎ⌮㻌
㻌
䠒䠊ᇶᮏ䛾ᙧែ䜢ᇶ䛻ヲ⣽䛾ື䛝䜔㒊ရㄝ᫂䛺䛹
䛾⾲⌧䜢ຍ䛘䜛䠊㻌
㻞㻚 ᡭ䜔ே㛫䛸䛸䜒䛻⾲⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ሙ䛾≧ἣ䛜䛺䛟
䛶䜒䝇䜿䞊䝹ឤ䛾₇ฟ䜔䠈ᶵ⬟ㄝ᫂䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䠊
ᅗ 㻢㻠䠖ᡭ䞉ே䠇䝰䝜䛷ᶵ⬟ㄝ᫂
㻌
ᅗ 㻢㻜䠖⣽㒊䛾ື䛝䜢ຍ➹䛧䛯⾲⌧㻌
㻟㻚 ⫼ᬒ䛻ሙ䛾≧ἣ䜔ே㛫䜢㓄⨨䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䝰䝜䜢
ᾋ䛛䜃ୖ䛜䜙䛫䠈䜘䜚⌧ᐇⓗ䛺⮫ሙឤ䛜⏕䜎䜜䜛䠊
㻝㻟㻚㻟㻚 ┤᪉య䛛䜙䛾Ⓨ᝿䜢ಁ䛩㻌
❧᪉య䜢ᇶᮏ䛻䠈ቑṪ䛸ศ๭䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧⌮᝿䛾ẚ
౛䛻ྥ䛡䛶సᅗ䜢ጞ䜑䜛䠊ᥥ⏬ෆᐜ䛾❧య䛜ᡭ䛾୰
䛻ឤ䛨䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜜䜀䠈ᚋ䛿Ⓨ᝿䜢㇏䛛䛻ᚤጁ䛺
⾲᝟䜎䛷䜒෌⌧䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖カ⦎䜢䛩䜛䠊㻌
ᅗ 㻢㻡䠖䝰䝜䠇ሙ䠇ே䛷⮫ሙឤ
フリーハンド・スケッチによる形態の操作と展開 181
㻝㻠㻚㻞㻚 వⓑ䛻䜘䜚⌮ゎ䜢ಁ䛩㻌
వⓑ䜔䜌䛛䛧䛻䜘䜛ຠᯝ䛿, ᥥ䛛䜜䜛䝰䝜䛾᫬㛫
ⓗ✵㛫ⓗ䛻ኚ໬䛩䜛ᵝᏊ䜢㐃⥆ⓗ䛻ᥥ䛝ฟ䛩.
䛄⪁Ꮚ䛅䛻䜘䜜䜀”䈈ᨾ᭷அ௨Ⅽ฼䠈↓அ௨Ⅽ⏝䇾,
✵⹫䛺䛸䛣䜝䛜䛭䛾ാ䛝䜢䛩䜛䛸䛒䜛. ᥥ⏬ᑐ㇟䛾ⓗ
☜䛺⾲⌧䛿໚ㄽ䛾䛣䛸䛰䛜, 䛭䛾㨩ຊ䜢⌮ゎ䛧䠈᭦
䛻㝿❧䛯䛫ቑᖜ䛥䛫䜛䛻䛿䠈⫼ᬒ䜔వⓑ䜢ྵ䜐඲య
䛾⏬㠃ᵓᡂ䛜⫢ᚰ䛷䛒䜚Ḟ䛛䛫䛺䛔䠊
ᅗ 㻢㻡䠖᭱㐺㓄⨨䛸⏬㠃ᵓᡂ䛻䜘䜛⌮ゎ
㻝㻡㻚 ➹㊧䛸➹ໃ㻌
⣬䛾ୖ䛻ᥥ⏬䛥䜜䛯⤮䛿ື䛟䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔. 䛧䛛䛧
➹ໃ䛻䜘䛳䛶䛿, ぢ䜛⪅䛾ᚰ䛾୰䛷㐃᝿䜢⏕䜏, ά
䛝ά䛝䛸䛧䛯ື䛝䛾䛒䜛⾲⌧䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䠊
➹㊧䛿኱⬻䛜ᡭ䜔ᣦ䛻ఏ㐩䛩䜛ព㆑ほᛕ䛷䛒䜚,
ᣦ⣠ྠᵝ䛻௚ே䛸䛿୍⮴䛧䛺䛔䛸䛔䜟䜜䜛. 䝣䝸䞊䝝
䞁䝗䛻䜘䜛䝇䜿䝑䝏䛿, せⅬ䜢⤠䜛⡆౽䛺ᡭἲ䛷䜒䠈
ᥥ䛝ᡭ䛾ಶᛶ䛜⾲䜜䜛䝒䞊䝹䛸䛧䛶⚽㐓䛷䛒䜛.
䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗䝇䜿䝑䝏䛿䜎䛯䠈ᚰ䛾ື䛝䛻ᡭ䛜ᛂ䛘䜛
䜘䛖䛻䛭䛾➹㊧䛜⏕䛝⏕䛝䛸䛧䛶䛔䛺䛡䜜䜀ᥥ⏬ෆᐜ
䛿ఏ䜟䜙䛺䛔. ୍ᡤᠱ࿨䛺➹ໃ䛜⫢ᚰ䛷䛒䜛.
㻝㻢㻚 䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌
⌧௦䛾䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䝥䝻䝉䝇䛿, ᐇ⏝ᛶ䜔ྜ⌮ᛶ䛺䛹
ຠ⋡୍㎶ಽ䛷䛒䜛. ᡭ᭩䛝䛻䜘䜛䝇䜿䝑䝏ᢏἲ䛸䛔䛖
䜒䛾䛿, ከᵝ䛺䝒䞊䝹䜢ഛ䛘䜛᭱᪂䛾ᥥ⏬⏝㟁Ꮚ➃
ᮎᶵჾ䛻ẚ䜉䜜䜀, ṇ☜䛥䜢Ḟ䛝ᢏ㔞䛾ᕪ䜒䛿䛳䛝
䜚䛸⌧䜜䜛. ᡭᥥ䛝䝇䜿䝑䝏䛿䜎䛯䠈䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑䝥䝻䜾
䝷䝮䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛿䛺䛔䜒䛾䛾, 䛭䛾ᥥ䛝ᡭ䛾ಶᛶ䛜㝿
❧䛴䠊㟁Ꮚᶵჾ䛾࿚⦡䛛䜙⬺䛩䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙, 䜲䝜䝧䞊
䝅䝵䞁䜢ㄏⓎ䛩䜛኱䛝䛺ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻ᮇᚅ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䜒䛾䛵䛟䜚䛻ᦠ䜟䜚䠈䝣䝸䞊䝝䞁䝗䝇䜿䝑䝏䛻㨩ຊ䜢
ឤ䛨䠈䛭䛾ᥥ⏬ᢏ⾡⩦ᚓ䜢┠ᣦ䛩ே䛯䛱䛾ཧ⪃䛸䛺
䜜䜀ᖾ䛔䛷䛒䜛.
ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩
[1]
[2]
[3]
᪥ᮏ䜲䞁䝎䝇䝖䝸䜰䝹䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊༠఍⦅䠈䇾䝥䝻䝎䜽䝖
䝕䝄䜲䞁䇿ၟရ㛤Ⓨ䛻㛵䜟䜛䛩䜉䛶䛾ே䜈䠈䝽䞊䜽䝇
䝁䞊䝫䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠈2009䠊
Jay Doblin ⴭ,ᒸ⏣᭸஧䠇ᒣෆ㝣ᖹヂ,䝎䝤䝸䞁䛾䝕
䝄䜲䞁㏱どᅗἲ,㬅ᒣ♫䠈1971䠊
Thomas C. Wang, Projection Drawing, Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company,1984.
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.183－188 （2012） 〔研究速報〕
184
國澤好衛
3 ᖹᡂ 22 ᖺᗘᯈᶫ༊䛂ᆅၥ▱⟅䛃䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖
3.1 䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾┠ⓗ
ᮏ PBL 䛷䛿᫖ᖺᗘ䜘䜚䠈䇾ᮾி㒔䛾୰ᑠ〇㐀ᴗ䛜䝕䝄䜲
䞁ຊ䜢ά⏝䛧䛶᪂䛯䛺䝰䝜䛵䛟䜚䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䛟䛯䜑䛾ᡭἲ䜢
㛤Ⓨ䛧䠈ᖜᗈ䛟ᛂ⏝䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䝰䝕䝹໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢◊✲䝔䞊䝬
䛻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䛣䜜䛿䠈䝕䝄䜲䞁ຊ䜢༢䛻ၟရᛶ䛾ྥୖ䛾䛯䜑䛻ά⏝䛧
䜘䛖䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䝕䝄䜲䞁䛻䛿ᮏ᮶䠈㌟㏆䛺ၥ㢟䜢Ⓨ
ぢ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢㉳Ⅼ䛸䛧䠈㨩ຊⓗ䛺ゎỴ⟇䜢ᑟ䛝ฟ䛭䛖䛸䛩䜛ຊ
䛜ഛ䜟䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜢䠈ᆅᇦㄢ㢟䜢᥀䜚㉳䛣䛧䠈ᆅᇦ䛾㈨※
䛷ゎỴ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛻ᛂ⏝䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
㻌 䛭䛧䛶䛣䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛾ຊ䜢ά⏝䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈ᆅᇦ䛾䝙䞊䝈
䜢ᇶⅬ䛻ᆅᇦ௻ᴗ䛜ၟရ㛤Ⓨ䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䠈䜎䛯䠈
ྠ᫬䛻㒔ᕷ䛻ඹ㏻䛩䜛ㄢ㢟䛾ゎỴ⟇䜢ᶍ⣴䛩䜛ヨ䜏䛜䛂ᆅ
ၥᆅ⟅䛃䛾ᮏ㉁䛷䛒䜚䠈᫖ᖺᗘ䛻ᘬ䛝⥆䛝䠈䛣䛾䛂ᆅၥᆅ⟅䛃
䝰䝕䝹䜢ᯈᶫ༊䛻㐺⏝䛧䠈䝰䝜䛵䛟䜚䝰䝕䝹䛾᳨ド䞉῝⪔䜢
⾜䛳䛯䠊
䛥䛶䠈௒ᖺᗘ䛸䜚䛒䛢䛯䝔䞊䝬䛿䠈ᯈᶫ༊䛷⋡ඛ䛧䛶ྲྀ䜚
⤌䜣䛷䛔䜛䠈Ꮚ⫱䛶⎔ቃ䛾ᨵၿ䜢ຍ㏿䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ၟရ㛤Ⓨ
䛷䛒䜛䠊
ᯈᶫ༊䛷䛿 2006 ᖺ䜘䜚䠈䛂㉥䛱䜓䜣䛾㥐䛃䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛እฟ
᫬䛻ᡭ㍍䛻ᤵங䜔䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䛜䛷䛝䜛᪋タ䛾ᩚഛ䜢㐍䜑䛶
䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈䛂ᤵங䛸䜸䝮䝒஺᥮䛜䛷䛝䜛ሙᡤ䛜䛒䜛䛛䛹䛖
䛛䛜Ẽ䛜䛛䜚䛃䛸䛔䛖ஙᗂඣ䜢㐃䜜䛶እฟ䛩䜛ಖㆤ⪅䛾ኌ䜢
ཷ䛡䛶䚸ᯈᶫ༊䛜඲ᅜ䛻ඛ㥑䛡䛶ᑟධ䛧䛯Ꮚ⫱䛶ᨭ᥼᪋タ
䛷䠈༊❧䛾ಖ⫱ᅬ䜔ඣ❺㤋䛺䛹䜢ᡭጞ䜑䛻䠈䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䜔
ᤵங䛜䛷䛝䜛ሙᡤ䛸タഛ䜢⏝ព䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾ᚋ䠈኱
Ꮫ᪋タ䜔㧗㱋⪅᪋タ䚸NPO 㐠Ⴀ᪋タ䛺䛹䛻䜒タ⨨䛜㐍䜏䠈
2010 ᖺ 6 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛷 135 䛛ᡤ䛻ᣑ኱䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
୍᪉䠈䛣䛾䛂㉥䛱䜓䜣䛾㥐䛃䛿䚸䝛䞊䝭䞁䜾䛾䜟䛛䜚䜔䛩䛥䛸
ᑟධ䛜ᐜ᫆䛺䛣䛸䛜ホ౯䛥䜜䠈඲ᅜ䛻Ἴཬ䠈⌧ᅾ䛷䛿ᩘከ䛟
䛾⮬἞య䛷ྠᵝ䛾䛂㉥䛱䜓䜣䛾㥐䛃䛾タ⨨䛜ຍ㏿䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈ᑟධ䛧䛯⮬἞య䛷䛿䚸䛂㉥䛱䜓䜣䛾㥐䛃䝬䝑䝥䜢〇స䞉
㓄ᕸ䛧䛯䜚䠈ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ䛾䝃䜲䝖䛛䜙᳨⣴䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䛯䜚䠈䛥
䜙䛻䛿ᑟධᨭ᥼䛾䛯䜑䛾⿵ຓ஦ᴗ䛺䛹䜢⾜䛖䛺䛹䠈⊂⮬䛾
ᕤኵ䜔䝃䞊䝡䝇䛻䜒ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛔䜛䠊
୍䛴䛾ᆅᇦ䛾ㄢ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᑠ䛥䛺䜰䜲䝕䜱䜰䛛䜙
ጞ䜎䛳䛯䛂㉥䛱䜓䜣䛾㥐䛃䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈ඹ㏻䛾ㄢ㢟䜢ᢪ䛘䜛⮬἞
య䛾ඹឤ䜢ᚓ䛶䠈඲ᅜつᶍ䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛸䛧䛶ᐃ╔䞉Ⓨᒎ䛧䠈
ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾Ꮚ⫱䛶ᨭ᥼䛾䛒䜚䜘䛖䜢኱䛝䛟ኚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䛴䛺䛜䛳
䛶䛚䜚䠈䛂ᆅၥᆅ⟅䛃䛾䝔䞊䝬䛻┦ᛂ䛧䛔䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈᪋タ䛾ᐇែㄪᰝ䜢㐍䜑䜛䛸᪋タ䛾つᶍ䜔䝻
䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䠈䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘⏝䝧䝑䝗䜔ᤵங⏝䝋䝣䜯䞊䠈䝟䞊䝔䜱
䝅䝵䞁䛺䛹䛾㛵㐃タഛ䛾ᩚഛ≧ἣ䜒䜎䛱䜎䛱䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜᫂
䜙䛛䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈᪋タ䛻ᚲせ䛺䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘⏝䝧䝑䝗䜔ᤵங
⏝䝋䝣䜯䞊䠈䝟䞊䝔䜱䝅䝵䞁䛺䛹䛾㛵㐃ჾල䛿䠈䛣䛖䛧䛯᪋タ
ྥ䛡ᑓ⏝䛻㛤Ⓨ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛿Ꮡᅾ䛫䛪䠈᪤Ꮡ䛾ொჾ䛺䛹䛷
ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛛䠈᪂䛯䛻㉎ධ䛩䜛䛸䛧䛶䜒ỗ⏝ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䜢ㄪ㐩䛧
䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜ᐇ᝟䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䠈Ꮚ⫱䛶ᨭ᥼ᣐⅬ䛾ᣑ኱䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈௒ᚋ䛿ᚰ⌮
ⓗ㈇ᢸ䛜䛺䛟Ᏻᚰ䛧䛶䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䜔ᤵங䛜䛷䛝䜛ᛌ㐺䛺Ꮚ
⫱䛶ᨭ᥼᪋タ䛾ᩚഛ䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊
䛣䛖䛧䛯どⅬ䛛䜙䠈䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛿䠈䛣䛾䛂㉥䛱䜓䜣䛾㥐䛃
䛺䛹䛷౽฼䛻౑⏝䛷䛝䜛ᤵங䞉䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䛾䛯䜑䛾ᑓ⏝ொჾ
䛾㛤Ⓨ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛸䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈ే䛫䛶䠈௒ᖺᗘヨ⾜䛧䛯䝰䝜
䛵䛟䜚ᡭἲ䜢㛤Ⓨ䝥䝻䝉䝇䛸䛧䛶䝰䝕䝹໬䛧䛯䠊
3.2 䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᡂᯝ
௒ᅇ䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛿䠈๓㏙䛾ொჾ䛻ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛せ௳䜢
᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䠈2 䛴䛾䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䜢㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯䠊
㛤Ⓨ䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ᚋ㏙䛩䜛䜒䛾䛸䛧䠈䛣䛣䛷䛿㛤
Ⓨ䛧䛯䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥 2 ᶵ✀䛻䛴䛔䛶㡰ḟゎㄝ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛩䜛䠊
෗┿ 1䠈2 䛿䠈䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䜒ᤵங䜒⾜䛘䜛䝟䞊䝔䜱䝅䝵䞁ᆺ
䛾ᑓ⏝ொჾ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛿䠈䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䜔ᤵங䛾
䛯䜑䛾ᑓ⏝✵㛫䜢☜ಖ䛷䛝䛺䛔䜿䞊䝇䜢᝿ᐃ䛧䛶䝕䝄䜲䞁䛧
䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䛾䛯䜑䛾䝧䝑䝗䛸ᤵங䛾䛯䜑䛾᳔
Ꮚ䛜䝟䞊䝔䜱䝅䝵䞁䛻ෆⶶ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ୖẁ䛿䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘⏝
䛾䝧䝑䝗䛸䛧䛶䠈ୗẁ䛿ᤵங⏝᳔Ꮚ䛸䛧䛶౑⏝䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䝕䝄
䜲䞁䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䝟䞊䝔䜱䝅䝵䞁ᆺ䛻䛧䛯䛣䛸䛷䠈≉ู䛻ᅖ䜟
䜜䛯ᤵங䞉䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䛾䝇䝨䞊䝇䜢⏝ព䛧䛺䛟䛶䜒䠈ே┠䜢㐽
᩿䛧䛯䝇䝨䞊䝇䜢⡆༢䛻☜ಖ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ฟ᮶䜛䛸䛔䛖฼Ⅼ䛜
䛒䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈ᑓ⏝䛾䝇䝨䞊䝇䛜☜ಖ䛷䛝䛯ሙྜ䛷䜒䠈䝇䝨䞊䝇ෆ
䛷௚䛾䛚ẕ䛥䜣䛾┠䜢Ẽ䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟䝟䞊䝋䝘䝹䛺⎔ቃ䛷
䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䜔ᤵங䛜䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈䝴䞊䝄䞊䛻䛿ᶵ⬟ᛶ䛸
Ᏻᚰឤ䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ฟ᮶䜛䜒䛾䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᙺᡤ䜔㖟⾜䛺䛹䛾ᚅ䛱᫬㛫䛾䛒䜛✵㛫䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾㉥䛱
䜓䜣䛾㥐䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟௒ᚋ᪂䛯䛻㉥䛱䜓䜣䛾㥐䛸䛧䛶ᮇᚅ䛥䜜
䜛ሙᡤ䛺䛹䛾ᑟධ䛜᝿ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䠊
ḟ䛾෗┿ 3䠈4 䛾䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛿䠈 ୍⯡䛻䛿ู䚻䛻⏝ព䛥
䜜䛶䛔䛯䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘⏝䝧䝑䝗䛸ᤵங䛾䛯䜑䛾᳔Ꮚ䛾ᶵ⬟䜢
୧᪉ഛ䛘䛯䝋䝣䜯䞊ᆺ䛾ᑓ⏝ொჾ䛾 1 ྕᶵ䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛣䜜䛿䠈⊃䛔䝇䝨䞊䝇䛷䜒䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘䛸ᤵங䛜䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䠈
䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡䝁䞁䝟䜽䝖䛺ᑓ⏝ொჾ䜢㛤Ⓨ䛧䜘䛖䛸䝕䝄䜲䞁䛧䛯
䜒䛾䛷䠈⫼䜒䛯䜜䜢ᡭ๓䛻ಽ䛩䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘⏝䛾䝧䝑
䝗䛸䛧䛶䜒౑䛖䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛺 2 䜴䜵䜲䝴䞊䝇䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
ᤵங⏝䝋䝣䜯䞊䛸䛧䛶䛾ᛌ㐺ᛶ䛿䛔䛖䜎䛷䜒䛺䛟䠈䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘
⏝䝧䝑䝗䛸䛧䛶䛾౑䛔຾ᡭ䜢༑ศ☜ಖ䛧䠈䛥䜙䛻㉥䛱䜓䜣䜢
ᢪ䛔䛯䛚ẕ䛥䜣䛷䜒⡆༢䛻䝧䝑䝗䛻ኚ㌟䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛
ᵓ㐀䜢᥇⏝䛧䠈䛸䛶䜒┬䝇䝨䞊䝇䛺タィ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊୍ぢ䛩
䜛䛸ᬑ㏻䛾䝋䝣䜯䞊䛸ኚ䜟䜙䛺䛔䝕䝄䜲䞁䛷䠈䛹䜣䛺ሙᡤ䛻䜒
タ⨨䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖㓄៖䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᤵஙᐊ䜢䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡
䝁䞁䝟䜽䝖䛻䛧䛯䛔䜿䞊䝇䛷䛾ᑟධ䛻᭱㐺䛺䜒䛾䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔
䜛䠊
䛺䛚䠈䛣䛾䝍䜲䝥䛿෗┿ 5䠊6 䛻䛒䜛䜘䛖䛻䝞䞊䝆䝵䞁䜰䝑䝥
䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈ၟရ໬䜢๓ᥦ䛻ᶵ⬟᳨ド䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛶
䛔䜛䠊
䛥䛶ḟ㡯䛷䛿䠈๓㏙䛾 2 䛴䛾䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䝥䝻䝉
䝇䜢ゎㄝ䛧䛶䛔䛟䠊
㻌 ᫖ᖺᗘ䛾◊✲䛷䛿䠈䛂ᆅၥᆅ⟅䛃䛻䜘䜛䝰䝜䛵䛟䜚䝰䝕䝹䛿䠈
䛂▱䜛䛃䛂᥈䜛䛃䛂⣳䛠䛃䛂๰䜛䛃䛾 4 䛴䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛
䛸ᩚ⌮䛧䛯䠊௒ᖺᗘ䜒䛣䛾䝰䝕䝹䛻ᚑ䛳䛶㛤Ⓨ䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䛯
䛜䠈䝰䝕䝹䛾᏶ᡂᗘ䜢ୖ䛢䜛䛯䜑䠈≉䛻䛂᥈䜛䛃䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛷
᪂䛯䛺ᡭἲ䛺䛹䛻䝖䝷䜲䛧䛯䠊
4 䛂ᆅၥ▱⟅䛃䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇
4.1 ▱䜛
ࠕ▱ࡿࠖࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿᆅᇦࢆ⌮ゎࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟₯ࡴၥ㢟
ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㈨ᩱ࠿ࡽᯈᶫ༊ࡢᐇ᝟ࡸ᪋⟇ࢆᢕᥱࡋࡓ࠺
࠼࡛㸪ᐇ㝿࡟⌧ᆅࢆゼࢀ㸪ᐇែࢆᢕᥱࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ
࠿ࡽㄢ㢟ࡢᩚ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᯈᶫ༊࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪋⟇ࡸ
༊Ẹࡢせᮃ㸪ఫẸ‶㊊ᗘㄪᰝ࡞࡝ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ࡜㸪
༊ෆ࡟ࡣ⮬㌿㌴㸪㜵≢㸪⏕ά฼౽ᛶ㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚࡞࡝࡟㛵ࢃ
ࡿㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽࢆ⫙࡛ឤࡌࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᯈᶫ༊ࡢ௦⾲ⓗᆅ༊࡛࠶
ࡿ኱ᒣ㥐࿘㎶ࡸ኱つᶍఫᏯᅋᆅࡢ㧗ᓥᖹ㸪⾜ᨻࡢ୰ᚰᆅ
࡛࠶ࡿᯈᶫ㥐࿘㎶㸪ࡉࡽ࡟୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ㞟✚ࡋࡓᆅᇦࡸಖ
⫱ᅬ㸪ၟᗑ⾤ࢆゼၥࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ
ㄪᰝࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟࠿ࡽ⤠ࡾ㎸ࡳࢆ⾜࠸㸪௒ᖺᗘࡣ
ࠕᏊ⫱࡚⎔ቃࡢᨵၿࠖ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ㸬
赤ちゃんの駅などの子育て支援施設のための什器の開発 185
䜸䝮䝒஺᥮䞉ᤵங䝟䞊䝔䜱䝅䝵䞁㻌
෗┿ 1㸸 ཰⣡≧ែ
෗┿ 2㸸ᒎ㛤᪉ἲ
䜸䝮䝒஺᥮䞉ᤵங䝋䝣䜯䞊㻌 㼀㼥㼜㼑㻝㻌
෗┿ 3㸸 ࣒࢜ࢶ஺᥮࣭ᤵஙࢯࣇ࢓࣮
෗┿ 5㸸 ࣒࢜ࢶ஺᥮࣭ᤵஙࢯࣇ࢓࣮Type2
෗┿ 4㸸 ෗┿ 3 ࡢᒎ㛤
෗┿ 6㸸 Type2㸦࣋ࢵࢻ౑⏝≧ែ㸧
186
國澤好衛
ᅗ 1㸸
ࠕᏊ⫱࡚࡟࠾ࡅࡿእฟࠖࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜⌧≧ࡢゎỴ⟇࣐ࢵࣉ
ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᯈᶫ༊ࡀ᪤࡟ࠕ㉥ࡕࡷࢇࡢ
㥐ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚⎔ቃᨵၿ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌
ࡳホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡲࡓ♫఍ᛶࡢ
㧗࠸ࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡾ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ PBL ࢸ
࣮࣐࡜ࡋ࡚┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ 1 ᖺ
ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᮇ㛫୍࡛ᐃࡢᡂᯝࢆᮇ
ᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡉ࡚ᅗ 1 ࡣ㸪
ࠕᏊ⫱࡚࡟࠾ࡅࡿእฟࠖ
ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜⌧≧ࡢゎỴ⟇ࢆ࣐ࢵࣉ໬ࡋ
ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣁ࣮ࢻ㠃࡛ࡢබඹ᪋⟇
࡜ࡋ࡚ᤵஙࡸ࣒࢜ࢶ஺᥮࡞࡝ࡢሙᡤࡢ
ᥦ౪㸪ぶࡢ஺ὶ࡞࡝ᶵ఍ࡢᥦ౪࡞࡝ࡀ
⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
୍᪉㸪Ẹ㛫࡛ࡣᏊ౪ࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡢ౽฼
࡞⛣ືࡢࡓࡵࡢၟရ࡞࡝ࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࢯࣇࢺ㠃࡛ࡣ⤒῭ᨭ᥼
ࡸ᝟ሗᥦ౪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡞࡝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸬
ࡇࢀࡽࡣ⌧ᅾࡢᏊ⫱࡚⎔ቃ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠎ࡞ゎỴ⟇ࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ
࠺࡛㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࡣὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟ࡀ
₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬
ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗࡓㄢ㢟
ࢆእฟ᫬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡢࡀᅗ 2 ࡛࠶
ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣእฟࡢ㝿࡟㐼㐝ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆ 4 ࡘࡢሙ㠃࡟ศࡅ
࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
እฟࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪㉥ࡕࡷࢇ㐃ࢀ࡛ࡶධࡾࡸ
ࡍ࠸࠾ᗑࡀศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡞࡝ࡢ㸪࠾ฟ࠿ࡅ๓ࡢ᝟ሗࡀᚲせ
࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪⛣ື୰࡟࣒࢜ࢶࡢᤞ࡚ሙࡸ㸪ேࡈࡳ࡛ࡢ࣋
ࣅ࣮࣮࢝ࡢ⨨ࡁሙ࡟ᅔࡿ㸬࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣእฟඛ࡛ࡣᏊ౪࡜୍
ᅗ 2㸸
ࠕᏊ⫱࡚࡟࠾ࡅࡿእฟࠖࡢㄢ㢟
⥴࡟ࡺࡗࡃࡾᅾ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሙᡤࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪ゎ
Ỵࡍ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟ࡀከ࠸㸪⛣ື୰࡜እฟඛ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ྲྀࡾ
⤌ࡴࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ㸬
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡀࠕ▱ࡿࠖࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬
赤ちゃんの駅などの子育て支援施設のための什器の開発 187
෗┿ 7㸸ᕷሙㄪᰝ࡛཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓ㛵㐃᪋タ
෗┿ 9㸸ࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ〇స㐣⛬
4.2 ᥈䜛
᥈䜛䛿䠈䜘䜚ᮏ㉁ⓗ䛺ゎỴ⟇䜢Ⓨぢ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛸
䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
᫖ᖺᗘ䛿䛣䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛷ㄢ㢟䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ゎỴ⟇䛾Ⓨᩓ䛸཰
ᩡ䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈ㄢ㢟䛾῝ᇼ䜢⾜䛳䛯䛜䠈௒ᖺᗘ䛾䝥䝻
䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛿䝴䞊䝄䞊䛾౯್䜢ᢳฟ䛩䜛ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䛶䝰䝕
䝹䛾୍⯡໬䜢ヨ䜏䛯䠊
䛣䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛿䝴䞊䝄䞊ㄪᰝ䜢㉳Ⅼ䛻㐍䜑䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛻䛺
䜛䠊䝴䞊䝄䞊ㄪᰝ䛷䛿䠈ၥ㢟䛾ᐇែ䜢▱䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈ᯈᶫ༊
ᑠ➉ྥཎඣ❺㤋䜢ゼၥ䛧䠈Ꮚ౪䛜Ṍ䛝ฟ䛧䠈୍⥴䛻እฟ䛩
䜛ᶵ఍䛜ቑ䛘䛶䛟䜛 1 ṓ䛛䜙 2 ṓ䛾Ꮚ౪䜢ᣢ䛴ぶ 15 ྡ䛻䜲
䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䛷䛿䠈୺䛻Ꮚ౪䜢㐃䜜䛶䛾እฟ୰䠈እฟඛ䛷
䛾ᅔ䜚䛤䛸䜢⪺䛔䛯䠊
ḟ䛻䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯ከ䛟䛾᝟ሗ䛛䜙䠈䝴䞊䝄䞊䛾
ᮏ㉁ⓗ䛺౯್䜢᥈䜛䛯䜑䛾ศᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊䜢᭩䛝㉳䛣䛧䠈䛭䛣䛛䜙⾜ື㒊ศ䜢ᢳฟ䛧䠈䛣
䜜䜢䜹䞊䝗໬䛩䜛䠊
䛣䛾䜹䞊䝗䛛䜙䛿䝴䞊䝄䞊䛾ᚰ䛾ኌ䠈౯್䜢ᢳฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸
䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊ᵝ䚻䛺䝧䝛䝣䜱䝑䝖䛾䜹䞊䝗䛜 161 ᯛᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛜䠈
䛭䜜䜙䛿㢮ఝ䛩䜛ෆᐜ䛷㞟⣙䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈41 䛾䜾䝹䞊䝥䛻
ศ䛡䜙䜜䛯䠊
䛣䛾䜾䝹䞊䝢䞁䜾䛾⤖ᯝ䠈䛂Ꮚ౪䛾䛣䛸䜢ᚲせ௨ୖ䛻ព㆑
䛫䛪䛻ぶ䛜⏕ά䜢ᴦ䛧䜑䜛䠈࿘㎶䛾᪋タ䜔Ꮚ⫱䛶䛻䜔䛥䛧
䛔⎔ቃ䛾౯್䛃䠈䛂Ꮚ౪䛸⛣ື䛩䜛㝿䛾⫗యⓗ䛺㈇ᢸ䜢ῶ䜙
䛫䜛౯್䛃䛸䛔䛖஧䛴䛾㔜せ䛺䝧䝛䝣䜱䝑䝖䛜ᢳฟ䛥䜜䛯䠊
䛥䜙䛻䚸䛣䛾஧䛴䛾䝧䝛䝣䜱䝑䝖䛻ὀ┠䛧䛶䝤䝺䞊䞁䝇䝖䞊䝭
䞁䜾䜢⾜䛔䠈䝧䝛䝣䜱䝑䝖䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁せ௳䜈䛾ኚ᥮䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
䛭䛧䛶䠈䛂䛺䜛䜉䛟ᣢ䛯䛺䛔䠈ᣢ䛳䛶䜒ᑠ䛥䛟䛃䛂䛣䜜୍䛴䛷
෗┿ 8㸸ࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࡢࡓࡵࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢫࢣࢵࢳ
෗┿ 10㸸ࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉࡢᶵ⬟᳨ド
ඃ䛧䛟㓄៖䛥䜜䛯Ꮚ⫱䛶⎔ቃ䛻䛃䛂⛣ືᨭ᥼䜾䝑䝈䛃䛸䛔䛖 3
䛴䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䛜ᑟฟ䛥䜜䛯䠊
䛣䛣䜎䛷䛜䛂᥈䜛䛃䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛸䛺䜛䠊
4.3 ⣳䛠
⣳䛠䛿䠈Ỵᐃ䛧䛯䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䜢ඖ䛻䠈୰ᑠ௻ᴗ䛸㐃ᦠ䛧䛶
䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䜢㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛䝇䝔䝑䝥䛸䛺䜛䠊
㐃ᦠ௻ᴗ䛾බເ䛻ᙜ䛯䛳䛶䛿䛂᥈䜛䛃䛷ᑟ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䛯䠈ඛ
⛬䛾䠈䛂䛺䜛䜉䛟ᣢ䛯䛺䛔䠈ᣢ䛳䛶䜒ᑠ䛥䛟䛃䛂䛣䜜୍䛴䛷ඃ䛧䛟
㓄៖䛥䜜䛯Ꮚ⫱䛶⎔ቃ䛻䛃䛂⛣ືᨭ᥼䜾䝑䝈䛃䛸䛔䛖䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖
䛻ඹឤ䛔䛯䛰䛝䠈ඹྠ䛷䝋䝸䝳䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾㛤Ⓨ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䛯
䛰䛡䜛௻ᴗ䜢ເ䛳䛯䠊
ᯈᶫ༊䛾ᨭ᥼䜢ཷ䛡䛶䠈ᯈᶫ༊䛾 H.P 䛻බເ᝟ሗ䜢බ
㛤䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈༊ෆ᪋タ䜈䝫䝇䝍䞊ᥖ♧䜢⾜䛔䠈᭱⤊ⓗ䛻
ᮌᕤຍᕤ䛾ᢏ⾡䜢ᣢ䛴㔠஭〇సᡤ䛸䜸䝸䝆䝘䝹䝏䜵䜰䞊䛾
〇స䜔㈍኎䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛⸨ཎ〇సᡤ䛾 2 ♫䜢㐃ᦠ௻ᴗ䛸䛧
䛶㑅ᐃ䛧䛯䠊
୍᪉䠈බເ䛸୪⾜䛧䛶䠈䝁䞁䝉䝥䝖䛾ලయ໬䛾䛯䜑䛻䠈ᤵ
ங䞉䜸䝮䝒᭰䛘᪋タ䠈⛣ືᨭ᥼䜾䝑䝈䠈Ꮚ⫱䛶ᨭ᥼䜾䝑䝈䛺
䛹䛾ᕷሙㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊
Ꮚ౪䜢ᣢ䛴ぶ䛾䛯䜑䛻タ⨨䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛᪤Ꮡ䛾ᨭ᥼᪋タ䜔䠈
ၟᴗ᪋タ䛻䛒䜛䝧䝡䞊䝹䞊䝮䛺䛹䜢ゼ䜜䠈䛭䜜䜙䛾ሙᡤ䛻
タ⨨䛥䜜䛯〇ရ䜔᪋タ⎔ቃ䛻䛴䛔䛶⌮ゎ䜢῝䜑䠈ḟ䛾䝇䝔
䝑䝥䛻ྥ䛡䛶䛾᝟ሗ䜢཰㞟ᩚ⌮䛧䛯䠄෗┿ 7䠅䠊
௨ୖ䛜䠈䛂⣳䛠䛃䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛸䛺䜛䠊
4.4 ๰䜛
䛭䛧䛶䠈᭱ᚋ䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛿䛂๰䜛䛃䛷䛒䜛䠊
䛣䜜䛿䠈㐃ᦠ䛧䛯௻ᴗ䛸䜰䜲䝕䜱䜰䜢⦎䜚䛺䛜䜙䠈䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲
188
國澤好衛
䝥䜢స䜚ୖ䛢䜛䝇䝔䝑䝥䛸䛺䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈䛣䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛷䛿〇స䛧䛯䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛾᳨ド䜒⾜䛖
䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䠊෗┿ 8 䛿䠈䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䛾䛯䜑䛾䠈䝕䝄䜲䞁䝇䜿䝑
䝏䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛣䜜䜢㐃ᦠ௻ᴗ䛾ᢏ⾡ຊ䜢ά䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䝥䝻䝖
䝍䜲䝥䝕䝄䜲䞁䛻ᒎ㛤䛧䛶䛔䛟䠊┬䝇䝨䞊䝇䛷䜒䝧䝡䞊䝹䞊
䝮䛾タ⨨䜢ྍ⬟䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈䛂䛷䛝䜛䛰䛡䠈䝁䞁䝟䜽䝖䛻䛩䜛䛃䠈
䛂䝴䞊䝄䞊䛻ᶵ⬟ᛶ䜔Ᏻᚰឤ䜢ᥦ౪䛷䛝䜛䛃䠈䛂⮬ศ䛰䛡䛾
䝇䝨䞊䝇䜢☜ಖ䛧䠈௚ே䛾┠⥺䜢㐽᩿䛧Ᏻᚰ䛧䛶฼⏝䛷䛝䜛䛃
䛣䛸䛜䝫䜲䞁䝖䛸䛺䜛䠊
෗┿ 9 䛿ᐇ㝿䛻䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䜢〇స䛧䛶䛔䜛㐣⛬䛷䛒䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈䛣䛾䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䠈ᶵ⬟ᛶ䜔䝴䞊䝄䝡䝸䝔
䜱䞊䝔䝇䝖䜢⾜䛔䠈ᨵၿ䛩䜉䛝ㄢ㢟䜔〇ရ໬䜈䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ䜢
᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛯䠄෗┿ 10䠅䠊
䛣䛣䜎䛷䛜䠈䛂๰䜛䛃䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛷䠈௨ୖ䛜ᮏ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷
䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䝥䝻䝉䝇䛷䛒䜛䠊
5 䛚䜟䜚䛻
௒ᅇ䛾 PBL 䛷䛿䠈➨୍ḟ䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䠄Type1䠅䛾〇స䠈
᳨ド䜎䛷䜢⾜䛳䛯䛜䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䛾᳨ド⤖ᯝ䜔ᡂᯝⓎ⾲఍䛷䛾
ពぢ䜢ඖ䛻䠈ෑ㢌䛾➨஧ḟ䝥䝻䝖䝍䜲䝥䠄Type2䠅䜢〇స䛧ホ
౯䛧䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈⌧ᅾ䛭䛾᳨ド⤖ᯝ䜢䜅䜎䛘 Type3 䜢〇స䛧
䛶䛔䜛䛸䛣䜝䛷䛒䜛䠊⌧ἣ䛾ヲ⣽䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿⥆ሗ䛻䜖䛪䜛䛸
䛩䜛䛜䠈㐃ᦠ䛧䛯⸨ཎ〇సᡤ䛿䠈᪩䛔ẁ㝵䛷䛾ၟရ໬䜢ᕼ
ᮃ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈᭦䛺䜛᳨ド䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ၟရ໬䛻ྥ䛡䛯䝥䝻䝰䞊䝅
䝵䞁ᡓ␎䛾᳨ウ䛸⏘Ꮫබ㐃ᦠ䝉䞁䝍䞊䛸ඹྠ䛧≉チฟ㢪䜢
‽ഛ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸䛣䜝䛷䛒䜛䠊
᭱ᚋ䛻䠈䛣䛾䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛻㛵䛧ከ䛟䛾᪉䛻䛤༠ຊ䜢䛔䛯䛰
䛔䛯䠊䛤༠ຊ䜢䛔䛯䛰䛔䛯ⓙᵝ䛻䛣䛾ሙ䜢䛚೉䜚䛧䛶䛚♩䜢
⏦䛧ୖ䛢䛯䛔䠊
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
[1]
ᅧ⃝ዲ⾨䠈䇾㒔ᕷᆺ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ䛾䛯䜑䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁ຊ䜢ά
⏝䛧䛯᪂䛯䛺䝰䝜䛵䛟䜚䝰䝕䝹䛾㛤Ⓨ䇿 ⏘ᴗ❧ᆅ,
2010 ᖺ 9 ᭶ྕ.
産業技術大学院大学紀要 No.6, pp.189－192 （2012） 〔研究速報〕
PBL ʹ͓͚Δ‫ڠ‬૑‫ܕ‬ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃϞσϧ΁ͷΞϓϩʔν
த ു ‫ ۍ‬ल∗
An Approarch to Co-creative Software Development Model in PBL
Yoshihide Chubachi∗
Abstract
A novel software engineer education method for Project-Based Learning is proposed in this paper.
Recently, industrial business models in information technology are changing rapidly. In Japan, socalled “User vs. Vendor model” is quiet common for Japanese traditional IT companies. On the other
hand, there are a lot of companies who develop their software service through the dialogue with their
customer directory. Such novel model shall be called “Co-Creative Software Development: CcSD” model
which derived from marketing field research. We propose a new PBL for educating the new engineers
who can adapt to CcSD model.
Keywords: Co-creation, Software Development, PBL
1. ͸͡Ίʹ
ຊ‫ऀڀݚ‬Β͕ఏҊ͢ΔʮίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒͳιϑτ΢Σ
Ξ։ൃํ๏࿦ʯͱ͸ɼιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃऀ͕άϩʔόϧͳ
Ϛʔέοτͱͷ௚઀తͳର࿩Λ௨ͯ͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞɾαʔϏ
εΛ։ൃ͢ΔɼΞδϟΠϧ‫ܕ‬ͷ৽͍͠։ൃϓϩηεͰ͋Δɽ
Πϧʹ‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹɼར༻ऀͱ։ൃऀ͕Ұମͱͳͬͯι
ϑτ΢ΣΞɾϓϩμΫτΛ։ൃࣄྫ͕਺ଟ͘ଘࡏ͢ΔɽOSS
ͷ։ൃͰ͸ར༻ऀͱ։ൃऀͱ͕‫ڠ‬૑*1 తʹৼΔ෣͏͜ͱ͕ɼ
Ձ஋͋Διϑτ΢ΣΞΛੜΈग़ͨ͢Ίͷ‫ݪ‬ಈྗͱͳ͍ͬͯ
Δ [2]ɽ
ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ͜ͷ։ൃϓϩηεΛఆٛ͠ɼϓϩδΣΫτ
͜ΕΒΛ౿·͑ɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ϚʔέςΟϯά෼໺ͷ֓೦
‫ֶܕ‬शʢPBLʣʹΑΓ‫ڭ‬ҭ͢ΔͨΊͷ‫͓ࡐڭ‬Αͼ‫ڭ‬त๏Λ
Ͱ͋ΔίɾΫϦΤΠγϣϯΛιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃྖҬʹద༻
։ൃ͢Δ͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͢Δɽ
ͨ͠৽͍͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃϓϩηεΛఆٛ͠ɼPBL Ͱֶ
ຊ‫ऀڀݚ‬Β͕ߦͳ͖ͬͯͨ PBL ࢧԉΠϯϑϥετϥΫ
शͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δɽ͜ͷ‫ڭ‬ҭ಺༰͸ैདྷ‫ܕ‬ͷ IT ϕϯμ‫ا‬
νϟͷߏங [4][5][11][13]ɼ͓Αͼɼάϩʔόϧͳਓࡐҭ੒
‫ٕ͚޲ۀ‬ज़ऀ‫ڭ‬ҭ΍ɼϢʔβ‫ۀا‬ͷൃ஫୲౰ऀ޲͚ͷ‫ڭ‬ҭ
ͷͨΊͷ PBL ‫ڭ‬ҭ [9][10] ͷ੒ՌΛ౿·͑ɼ࣍ੈ୅‫ܕ‬ͷι
ͱ͸ҟͳΔɼ৽ͨͳ༥߹‫ܕ‬ͷਓࡐҭ੒Λ໨ࢦ͢ɽ
ϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃऀҭ੒๏ͱͯ͠ී‫ٴ‬ΛਤΔɽ
ҎԼ, 2. Ͱ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ໨తʹ͍ͭͯड़΂ɼ3. Ͱ͸͜ͷ‫ڀݚ‬Λ
ୡ੒͢ΔͨΊͷ໨ඪʹ͍ͭͯड़΂Δɽ࠷‫ ʹޙ‬4. Ͱ·ͱΊΛ
ड़΂Δɽ
2.2.
IT ࢈‫ۀ‬քͷ‫ݱ‬ঢ়ʹ͓͚Δߏ଄తͳ໰୊
લ߲ͷ໨తΛઃఆͨ͠എ‫ʹܠ‬͸ɼզ͕ࠃʹ͓͚Διϑτ
΢ΣΞ࢈‫ۀ‬քͷߏ଄্ͷ໰୊͕͋ΔɽҰൠతͳιϑτ΢Σ
Ξ։ൃϏδωεʹ͓͍ͯ͸ IT Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δϕϯμ‫ͱۀا‬ɼࣗ
2. ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ໨త
2.1. ίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒͳιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ
ίɾΫϦΤΠγϣϯʢCo-creationʣͱ͸ɼϚʔέςΟϯ
ά෼໺ͷ༻‫͋Ͱޠ‬Γɼ঎඼΍αʔϏεͷ։ൃʹ͋ͨΓ‫͕ۀا‬
‫ސ‬٬Λ‫ࠐ͖ר‬Ή͜ͱͰΑΓΑ͍΋ͷΛ૑Γͩ͢͜ͱΛࢦ͢ɽ
ίɾΫϦΤΠγϣϯͷ࠷ۙͷࣄྫͱͯ͠͸ɼStarbucksɼ
Dell ͳͲ͕‫ސ‬٬ͷΞΠσΟΞΛιʔγϟϧϝσΟΞʹΑΓ
ऩू͠ɼࣗࣾͷαʔϏεվળʹͭͳ͍͛ͯΔ͜ͱ͕ใࠂ͞
Ε͍ͯΔ [1]ɽ
ҰํͰɼιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼLinux Λ୅දͱ
͢ΔΦʔϓϯιʔε‫ܕ‬ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞʢOSSʣ։ൃͷελ
ࣾͷαʔϏεͷͨΊʹ IT Λར༻͢ΔϢʔβ‫ͱۀا‬ͷؒʹ͸
໌֬ͳରཱߏ଄͕ଘࡏ͢Δɽ͜ͷͨΊɼ྆ऀͷίϯϑϦΫ
τΛϚωδϝϯτ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃνʔϜʹ‫ٻ‬
ΊΒΕɼίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒʹιϑτ΢ΣΞΛ։ൃ͢Δ͜
ͱ͕ඇৗʹ೉͍͠ɽ
ਤ 1 ͸ɼैདྷͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃʹ͓͚ΔϢʔβ‫ͱۀا‬
ϕϯμ‫ͱۀا‬ͷؔ܎ߏ଄Λ໛ࣜԽͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽຊདྷɼϕ
ϯμ‫ͯͬͱʹۀا‬͸࣮ࡍʹιϑτ΢ΣΞΛར༻͢ΔΤϯυ
Ϣʔβʹ༗ӹͳϓϩμΫτΛ੡଄͢Δ͜ͱ͕࠷େͷϛογϣ
ϯͰ͋Δ͸ͣͩɽͱ͜Ζ͕ɼΤϯυϢʔβͱϕϯμ‫ۀا‬ͷ
։ൃ෦໳΍Ξ΢τιʔεઌ‫ͱۀا‬ͷؒʹ͸ਤʹࣔͨ͠௨Γɼ
‫ز‬ॏʹ΋น͕ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷͨΊɼΤϯυϢʔβ͕‫ٻ‬
Received on September 30, 2012.
∗ ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶɼ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़‫ڀݚ‬Պ, School of Industrial Technology, AIIT
*1 ίɾΫϦΤΠγϣϯ͸ʮ‫ڞ‬૑ʯͱ༁͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍͕ɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ʮ‫ڠ‬૑ʯͱද‫͢ه‬Δɽ
190
中鉢欣秀
䜶䞁䝗䝴䞊䝄
㢳ᐈ
䝴䞊䝄௻ᴗ
㢳ᐈ
㢳ᐈ
ぢ㎸
㢳ᐈ
ぢ㎸
㢳ᐈ
ぢ㎸
ぢ
㢳ᐈ
㢳ᐈ
᝟ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮㒊㛛
䝣䜱䞊䝗䞉䝣䜷䝽䞊䝗
䝣䜱䞊䝗䞉䝞䝑䜽
Ⴀᴗ㒊㛛
䝧䞁䝎௻ᴗ
ঐ‫ॸॣش‬ॕথॢ
ঐ‫ॸॣش‬ॕথॢ
㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
ॹঋটॵউওথॺ
ই॓३জॸ‫ش‬३ঙথ
䜰䜴䝖䝋䞊䝇
ਤ1
Ϣʔβ‫ͱۀا‬ϕϯμ‫ۀا‬ͷߏ଄
ਤ2
ίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒͳιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃνʔϜͷৼ
Δ෣͍
ΊΔιϑτ΢ΣΞΛਖ਼͘͠੡଄͢Δ͜ͱ͸ߏ଄తʹࠔ೉Ͱ
͋Δɽ
Ұ൪্ʹࣔͨ͠ʮΤϯυϢʔβʯͱ͸ɼ࣮ࡍʹιϑτ΢Σ
੒௕ͯ͘͠Δ΋ͷͱ༧ଌ͢Δɽຊ‫ऀڀݚ‬͸ͦͷࡍͷத֩֓
೦͕ʮίɾΫϦΤΠγϣϯʯͰ͋Δͱߟ͑Δɽ
͢ͳΘͪɼద࣌తʹϓϩμΫτΛϚʔέοτ΁౤ೖ͢Δ
ΞΛར༻͢ΔϢʔβʢ‫ݸ‬ਓʣͰ͋ΔɽΤϯυϢʔβ͸ʮϢʔ
β‫ۀا‬ʯʹॴଐ͠ɼ‫͕ۀا‬ఏ‫͢ڙ‬ΔαʔϏεΛ࣮‫͢ݱ‬Δͨ
͜ͱͰಘΒΕΔϚʔέοτ͔Βͷ “ϑΟʔυɾόοΫ” ΍ɼ
Ίʹ৘ใγεςϜΛར༻͢Δɽۙ೥͸ɼB2C ‫Ͱܕ‬αʔϏε
কདྷతͳϚʔέοτͷಈ޲Λ༧ଌͯ͠લ΋ͬͯ੡඼ʹ൓ө
Λఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ‫͔ͱͨ͑͜૿͕ۀا‬ΒɼΤϯυϢʔβ͸Ϣʔβ
ͤ͞Δ “ϑΟʔυɾϑΥϫʔυ” ͳͲɼϚʔέοτͱͷର࿩
‫ۀا‬ͷ֎෦ʹଘࡏ͠ɼWeb ౳ͰϢʔβ‫͕ۀا‬ఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δαʔ
Λ௨ͯ͠ϓϩμΫτΛੜΈग़͠͏Διϑτ΢ΣΞ‫ٻ͕ۀا‬
ϏεΛར༻͢Δ৔߹΋‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔɽ
ΊΒΕΔɽ͜Ε͸ɼϚʔέοτͱͷίɾΫϦΤʔγϣϯͷ
͜ͷΑ͏ͳιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃΛߦ͏৔߹ɼҰൠతʹϢʔ
ϓϩηεͰ͋Γɼͦͷߏ଄͸ਤ 2 Ͱࣔ͞ΕΔɽਤ 1 Ͱࣔ͠
β‫͋ʹۀا‬Δʮ৘ใγεςϜ෦໳ʯ͕γεςϜ։ൃΛओಋ
ͨϞσϧͱൺֱ͢Δͱɼ։ൃνʔϜ͕௚઀Ϛʔέοτͱͷ
͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΔɽ৘ใγεςϜ෦໳͸ෳ਺ͷʮϕϯμ‫ۀا‬ʯ
ର࿩Λߦ͏఺Ͱେ͖͘ҟΔɽՃ͑ͯɼࠓ‫ޙ‬͸άϩʔόϧͳ
ʹରͯ͠ RFPʢRequest For ProposalʣΛఏࣔ͠ɼ͜ΕΛ
Ϛʔέοτʹରͯ͠ͷϓϩμΫτ։ൃ΋ࢹ໺ʹ͍Ε͓ͯ͘
ड͚ͯϕϯμ͕࡞੒ͨ͠ఏҊΛਫ਼ࠪ͠ɼιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ
ඞཁ͕͋Γɼ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ‫Ͱڥ؀‬ਝ଎ʹιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ͕
Λൃ஫͢Δϕϯμ‫ۀا‬Λબఆ͢Δɽ͜ͷҰ࿈ͷϓϩηε͸
Ͱ͖ΔೳྗΛඋ͑ͨਓࡐҭ੒͕๬·ΕΔɽ
ͦ͜Ͱɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸͜ͷʮίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒ‫ܕ‬ιϑτ
ϕϯμ‫ۀا‬ͷʮӦ‫ۀ‬෦໳ʯ͕୲౰͢Δɽ
Ӧ‫ۀ‬෦໳͕‫ܖ‬໿ΛऔΓ෇͚ͨ‫ޙ‬ɼϕϯμ‫ۀا‬ͷʮ։ൃ෦
΢ΣΞ։ൃʯʹରԠͰ͖Δ஌ࣝ΍ٕज़Λ࣋ͬͨਓࡐΛҭ੒
໳ʯ͕࣮ࡍͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃϓϩδΣΫτΛ։࢝͢Δ͜
͢ΔͨΊͷ৽͍͠‫ڭͱࡐڭ‬त๏ʹ͍ͭͯ‫ڀݚ‬։ൃ͢Δ͜ͱ
ͱʹͳΔɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼϕϯμ‫Ͱ಺ۀا‬ඞཁͳϦιʔε͕ௐ
Λ໨తͱ͢Δɽۙ೥ɼιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ։ൃϓϩηεΛ‫ڭ‬ҭ͢
ୡͰ͖ͳ͍৔߹ɼϕϯμ‫ۀا‬͸ࣾ֎ͷ‫ۀا‬౳ʹରͯ͠ʮΞ
ΔͨΊͷϝιουͱͯ͠ɼPBL ͕ޮՌΛ্͍͛ͯΔ [14]ɽ
ͨͩ͠ɼ‫ط‬ଘͷ PBL Ͱ͸Ϣʔβɾϕϯμ‫ܕ‬ͷߏ଄Λલఏ
΢τιʔεʯΛߦ͏ɽ͍ΘΏΔԼ੥͚ͷؔ܎Ͱ͋Γɼۙ೥
͸ਓ݅අͷ͍҆ւ֎ʹΞ΢τιʔε͢Δ͜ͱ΋ଟ͍ɽ
ͱ্ͨ͠ͰɼϓϩδΣΫτͷதͰͦΕͧΕͷϩʔϧΛମ‫ݧ‬
͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔ‫ڭ‬ҭޮՌΛૂͬͨ΋ͷ͕ଟ͍ɽ͜ΕͰ͸࢈
‫ߏۀ‬଄ͷมԽΛ౿·͑ͨ࣍ੈ୅ͷ։ൃऀΛҭ੒͢Δ಺༰ͱ
2.3.
IT ࢈‫ۀ‬ͷߏ଄มԽ
ͯ͠ෆे෼Ͱ͋ΔɽಛʹɼάϩʔόϧͳϚʔέοτͱͷίɾ
຋ͬͯੈքʹ໨Λ޲͚ΔͱɼҎ্ड़΂͖ͯͨϢʔβ‫ۀا‬
ΫϦΤΠςΟϒͳର࿩ͷϓϩηε΍ɼͦͷϕʔεͱͳΔਝ
ͱϕϯμ‫͕ۀا‬ରཱ͢Δߏ଄ʹґΒͳ͍ɼ৽͍͠λΠϓͷι
଎ͳιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃͷͨΊͷνʔϜͱͯ͠ͷΞδϟΠϧ
ϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ‫ొ͕ۀا‬৔͖͍ͯͯ͠Δɽྫ͑͹ɼGoogle
ੑΛ֫ಘ͢Δํ๏ͷମಘΛபʹ࠶ߏ੒͢Δඞཁ͕͋Ζ͏ɽ
΍ Facebook ͳͲͷ༗ྗͳ‫ۀا‬͸ɼࣗΒͷ‫ސ‬٬Ͱ͋ΔϢʔ
Ҏ্ͷഎ‫ܠ‬Λ౿·͑ɼ࣍ੈ୅ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃऀΛҭ
βͱΠϯλʔωοτΛ௨ͯ͡௚઀తʹίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
੒͢ΔͨΊͷʮίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒͳιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃऀ
Λ͠ͳ͕ΒɼࣗࣾͷϓϩμΫτΛάϩʔόϧʹఏ‫͢ڙ‬Δ͜
Λҭ੒͢Δ PBL ‫ڭܕ‬ҭʯͷख๏Λཱ֬͠ɼඞཁͳ‫ࡐڭ‬΍
ͱͰϏδωεతͳ੒ޭΛऩΊ͍ͯΔɽ
Web αʔϏεͱͱ΋ʹύοέʔδԽ͠ɼ༷ʑͳ‫ڭ‬ҭ‫ʹؔػ‬
͓͚Δ‫ڭ‬ҭʹఏ‫͖Ͱڙ‬Δ੒ՌΛಘΔ͜ͱΛຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ໨తͱ
͢Δɽ
ߋʹɼApp Store ΍ Google Play ͱ͍ͬͨεϚʔτϑΥ
ϯ޲͚ΞϓϦͷϚʔέοτ͕ొ৔͓ͯ͠Γɼ‫ݸ‬ਓͰ͋ͬͯ
΋௚઀ιϑτ΢ΣΞϓϩμΫτΛϚʔέοτʹ౤ೖ͢Δ͜
ͱ༰қʹͳ͖ͬͯͨɽ
3.
2.4.
࣍ੈ୅ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃऀνʔϜͷҭ੒
͜͜·Ͱͷ෼ੳ͔Βɼࠓ‫ޙ‬͸ैདྷ‫ܕ‬ͷʮϢʔβɾϕϯμ
‫ܕ‬Ϟσϧʯ͸‫ٸ‬଎ʹଘࡏ‫ײ‬Λࣦ͍ɼ৽͍͠λΠϓͷ‫͕ۀا‬
‫ڀݚ‬ͷ໨ඪ
3.1. PBL ʹΑΔ Scrum ͷֶश
ΞδϟΠϧͳιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃϓϩηεͱͯۙ͠೥஫໨
͞Ε͍ͯΔ Scrum ͸ɼ໺தΒ͕೔ຊ‫ۀا‬ͷϕετϓϥΫ
PBL における協創型ソフトウェア開発モデルへのアプローチ 191
ਤ4
Sprint ͷΞΫςΟϏςΟਤʢৄࡉʣ
ࡐΛ༻ҙ͓ͯ͘͠ɽՃ͑ͯɼScrum Ͱ࣮ࡍʹιϑτ΢ΣΞ
։ൃΛߦ͏ͱ͖ʹར༻͢ΔΫϥ΢υ‫ܕ‬ͷπʔϧʹ͍ͭͯ΋
ਤ3
Scrum ͷΞΫςΟϏςΟਤʢશମ૾ʣ
ղઆ͢Δɽ
·ͨɼήʔϜ‫Ͱ֮ײ‬औΓ૊ΊΔΞϯϓϥάυͳϫʔΫγϣο
ςΟεʹ͍ͭͯड़΂ͨจ‫[ ݙ‬3] ͕‫͞ͱͩݯى‬ΕΔɽ͜ΕΛ
ϓΛମ‫ͤ͞ݧ‬Δͷ΋ Scrum ͷֶशʹ͓͍ͯޮՌతͰ͋Δɽ
Sutherland Β͕ 1990 ೥୅൒͹ʹιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃϓϩη
εͱͯ͠ఆٛͨ͠ɽScrum ͸ଞͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃํࣜͱ
ൺ΂ͯඇৗʹγϯϓϧͰ͋Γɼͦͷશମ૾͸ਤ 3ɼ4 Ͱ΄΅
໢ཏ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷͨΊֶश͢΂͖஌߲ࣝ໨ͷ਺͸͞΄
Ͳଟ͘ͳ͍ɽͦͷ൓໘ɼ࣮ࡍʹ Scrum ΛϓϩδΣΫτͰ࣮
ࢪͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔʹ͸૬౰ͷ‫܇‬࿅͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽ
ͦ͜Ͱɼ͜ͷ‫Ͱࡐڭ‬͸֤छͷϫʔΫγϣοϓʢࢴඈߦ‫࡞ػ‬
੒ɼϘʔϧ౉͠ɼManager-Worker ήʔϜͳͲଟ਺ʣΛ঺
հ͠ɼ࣮ࢪ͢ΔͨΊͷํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯ΋಺༰ʹ‫ؚ‬ΊΔɽ
ͳ͓ɼຊ‫ࡐڭ‬ͷ‫ڀݚ‬։ൃશൠʹ͓͍ͯɼScrum ίʔνͷ
ೝఆࢿ֨Λ༗͢Δઐ໳Ոʹґཔ͠ɼ಺༰౳ʹ͍ͭͯϨϏϡʔ
ͯ͠௖͘ɽ
͜ͷΑ͏ͳεΩϧͷ֫ಘͷͨΊʹ͸ Scrum ‫Ͱܕ‬ϓϩδΣ
ΫτΛߦ͏ PBL Λ࣮ࢪ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼߴ͍‫ڭ‬ҭޮՌ͕‫ݟ‬
ࠐΊΔɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼେֶͷ‫ֶͰࣨڭ‬ੜ͕ Scrum ΛֶͿ
3.2.
ίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒ‫ܕ‬։ൃϓϩηεͷֶश
͜ͱʹదͨ͠‫ط‬ଘͷ‫ࡐڭ‬͸‫ݟ‬౰ͨΒͳ͍ɽ·ͨɼࢦಋ͢Δ
Ϋϥ΢υٕज़ͳͲͷൃలʹΑΓɼ։ൃͨ͠ϓϩμΫτΛ
‫ڭ‬һʹͱͬͯ΋ Scrum ͷ֓೦Λਂ͘ཧղֶͯ͠ੜΛࢦಋ͢
Πϯλʔωοτ্ʹ͋ΔάϩʔόϧͳϚʔέοτʹ౤ೖ͢
Δ͜ͱ͸೉͍͠ɽ
Δ͜ͱ͕༰қʹͳ͖͍ͬͯͯΔɽֶੜ͕࣮ࢪ͢Δ PBL ͷ੒
Αͬͯɼຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ Scrum ‫ܕ‬ͷϓϩηεΛֶश͢ΔͨΊ
ͷ PBL ༻‫ࡐڭ‬Λ੡࡞͢Δ͜ͱΛ໨ඪͷ 1 ͭͱ͢Δɽͦͷ
ͨΊͷΞϓϩʔνͱͯ͠ɼScrum Λࢀߟʹͨ͠ΞδϟΠϧ
Ռ෺Λ‫࣮ݱ‬ͷϚʔέοτͰެ։͠ɼͦͷධՁΛಘΔ͜ͱ΋
೉͘͠ͳ͘ͳͬͨɽ
ͦ͜ͰɼPBL Ͱͷ੒Ռ෺Λ࣮ࡍʹϚʔέοτʹ౤ೖ͠ɼ
ͳϓϩηεΛຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ‫ܭ‬ըͦͷ΋ͷʹ΋औΓೖΕɼΞδϟ
ίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒʹιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ੡඼Ձ஋ΛߴΊΔମ
ΠϧΛֶͿ‫ࡐڭ‬ΛΞδϟΠϧͰ੡࡞͢Δͱ͍͏ɼ͋Δछϝ
‫ݧ‬Λ͢ΔͨΊͷ‫ڭ‬ҭίϯςϯπΛ௥Ճ͢ΔɽՃ͑ͯɼ֤छ
λతͳख๏ΛͱΔɽ‫ࣗڀݚ‬ମΛΞδϟΠϧͰ࣮ࢪ͢Δ͜ͱ
ͷ Social Network ͳͲΛར༻ͯ͠άϩʔόϧͳίϛϡχ
ͷҙٛ͸ɼਝ଎ʹ‫ࡐڭ‬Λ࡞੒͠ɼत‫ۀ‬Λల։ͯ͠ޮՌΛ֬
έʔγϣϯΛ௨ͨ͠ίɾΫϦΤΠςΟϒͳιϑτ΢ΣΞ։
͔Ίɼ͞ΒͳΔվળΛߦ͏ͱ͍͏ϓϩηεΛ‫܁‬Γฦ͢͜ͱ
ൃΛߦ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ‫ࡐڭ‬։ൃʹ΋औΓ૊Ή༧ఆͰ͋Δɽ
Ͱɼ‫ࡐڭ‬ͷ࣭Λ઴ਐతʹ޲্Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱʹ͋Δɽ
Scrum ͸νʔϜʹΑΔࣗ‫ݾ‬૊৫Խ΍ɼ࡞‫ۀ‬ϓϩηεͷվ
ળͳͲΛॏࢹ͢Δͷ͕ಛ௃Ͱ͋Δɽ͜ΕΒ͸ɼ࣮ࡍʹϓϩ
δΣΫτΛߦͳͬͯΈͯ۩ମతͳ՝୊ʹ௚໘ͯ͠Έͳ͍ͱ
4. ͓ΘΓʹ
ͦͷॏཁੑʹ‫͕ͱ͍͜ͳ͔ͮؾ‬ଟ͍ɽͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬։ൃ
͢Δ Scrum ‫ڭ‬ҭͷͨΊͷ‫ࡐڭ‬͸ɼPBL Λ࣮ࢪதͷֶੜ͓
ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ಘͨ஌‫ݟ‬͸ɼຊֶʹ͓͚Δ PBL ‫ܕ‬त‫ۀ‬΍ɼଞ
Αͼ‫ڭ‬һ͕ΦϯσϚϯυͰΞΫηεͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δɽ͜
େֶʢ੩Ԭେֶɾ‫ܚ‬ጯେֶ౳ʣͷत‫ʹۀ‬ਵ࣌ಋೖ͠ɼͦͷ
ΕʹΑΓɼֶੜ͕ϓϩδΣΫτΛ࣮ࢪதʹ۩ମతͳ՝୊ʹ
݁ՌΛੵ‫ۃ‬తʹൃද͢Δɽൃද͢Δഔମͱͯ͠͸ɼؔ࿈͢
‫͖ͮؾ‬ɼͦͷղܾΛࣗओతʹ‫ٻ‬ΊΔ͜ͱΛࢧԉͰ͖ΔΑ͏
Δֶձ౳ͷ΄͔ɼSNS ΍ϒϩάͰ΋৘ใఏ‫ڙ‬Λߦͳ͍ͬͯ
ʹͳΔɽ
͘ɽ͜ΕʹΑΓɼຊ‫͚͓ʹڀݚ‬Δ੒ՌΛ޿ࣾ͘ձʹؐ‫͢ݩ‬
ͦͷ࠷ॳͷεςοϓͱͯ͠͸ɼScrum ͷશମ֓ཁɼ໾ׂ
Δ΋ͷͱ͢Δɽ
෼୲ʢScrum Master ΍ Product OwnerɼTeam Member
·ͨɼকདྷతʹ͸ɼ࡞੒ͨ͠ిࢠ‫ࡐڭ‬Λ֤ࠃ‫ޠ‬ʢӳ‫ޠ‬ɼத
ͳͲʣɼ੒Ռ෺ʢϓϩμΫτόοΫϩάɼεϓϦϯτόοΫ
ࠃ‫ޠ‬ɾ‫ ͼٴޠࠃؖ‬ASEAN ॾࠃͷ‫Ͳͳޠݴ‬ʣʹ຋༁͠ɼւ
ϩάɼόʔϯμ΢ϯνϟʔτͳͲʣɼϓϩηεʢεϓϦϯτ
֎ͷٕज़ऀͱ೔ຊͷֶੜͱ͕‫ڞ‬ಉͰऔΓ૊Ή͜ͱͷͰ͖Δ
‫ܭ‬ըձٞɼσΠϦʔεΫϥϜɼৼΓฦΓͳͲʣʹؔ͢Δ‫ڭ‬
άϩʔόϧͳ PBL ΁ͱల։͍ͨ͠ɽ
192
中鉢欣秀
ँࣙ
ຊ‫ͨ͋ʹڀݚ‬Γ Scrum ͷઐ໳Ոͱͯ͠ͷཱ৔͔Β༷ʑ
ͳ༗ӹͳΞυόΠεΛ௖͍ͨ٢Ӌཾଠ࿠ࢯΛ͸͡Ίͱ͢Δ
Scrum ίʔνͷํʑɼͳΒͼʹɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷண૝ʹ͋ͨΓଟ
͘ͷॿ‫ݴ‬Λ௖͍ͨ੩Ԭେֶদᖒ๕তઌੜɼ‫ܚ‬ጯٛक़େֶԬ
ా݈ઌੜʹ‫͢·͍ͨ͠ँײ‬ɽ
ࢀߟจ‫ݙ‬
[1] ‫ސ‬٬ͱͷ co-creation ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ-ϕετϓϥΫ
ςΟ, http://wired.jp/2011/09/29/, 2012-10-24 ࢀর
[2] ΫϦεɾσΟϘφଞ, Φʔϓϯιʔειϑτ΢ΣΞʕ
൴Β͸͍͔ʹͯ͠Ϗδωεελϯμʔυʹͳͬͨͷ͔,
ΦϥΠϦʔɾδϟύϯ, 1999-07
[3] H. Takeuchi, I. Nonaka: The New New Product
Development Game, Harvard Business Review
January-February, 1986
[4] தു ‫ۍ‬ल, খࢁ༟࢘: AIIT ʹ͓͚ΔϓϩδΣΫτ‫ֶܕ‬
मʢPBLʣͷͨΊͷ Backlog γεςϜͷಋೖ, ৘ใॲ
ཧֶձ ୈ 19 ճ IOTɾୈ 39 ճ EVA ߹ಉ‫ൃڀݚ‬දձ,
ౡࠜ‫ݝ‬দߐࢢ, 2012-09-27.
[5] தു ‫ۍ‬ल, খࢁ ༟࢘: PBL Λࢧԉ͢ΔίϥϘϨʔ
ςΟϒπʔϧʹؔ͢Δߟ࡯, ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ‫ل‬ཁ,
No.5,pp.100-108, 2011
[6] ໦࡚ ‫ޛ‬, ੒ా ྄, ‫ ࢁؙ‬ӳ௨, ౔԰ ཅհ, ੒ా խ඙, தു
‫ۍ‬ल: ࠃࡍ PBL ʹ͓͚Δత֬ͳ࢓༷ͷ఻ୡͱνέοτ
‫ۦ‬ಈʹΑΔ։ൃ࡞‫ۀ‬ͷޮ཰Խ, ιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχ
ΞϦϯάγϯϙδ΢Ϝ 2011, ౦‫ࢠঁژ‬େֶ, 2011-09.
[7] ໦࡚ ‫ޛ‬, ‫ ࢁؙ‬ӳ௨, ౔԰ ཅհ, தു ‫ۍ‬ल: ιϑτ΢Σ
Ξ։ൃ PBL ΁ͷνέοτ‫ۦ‬ಈ։ൃͷద༻ʹΑΔ‫ڞ‬ಉ
࡞‫ۀ‬ͷվળ, ϓϩδΣΫτϚωδϝϯτֶձ 2011 ೥
౓ळ‫ൃڀݚق‬දେձ, ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ, 2011-09.
[8] ໦࡚ ‫ޛ‬, ੒ా ྄, ‫ ࢁؙ‬ӳ௨, தു ‫ۍ‬ल: άϩʔόϧͳ
ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃʹ͓͚ΔϚωδϝϯτख๏, ৘ใॲ
ཧֶձ ୈ 172 ճιϑτ΢ΣΞ޻ֶ‫ڀݚ‬ձ, ૣҴాେ
ֶ, 2011-05-17.
[9] தു ‫ۍ‬ल, ੒ా խ඙, ‫ ୔ށ‬ٛ෉: Ճ౻༝Ֆ, ‫୔ށ‬ٛ෉:
ϕτφϜࠃՈେֶͱͷάϩʔόϧ PBL ͔Βಘͨ஌‫ݟ‬,
࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ‫ل‬ཁ, pp.1-4, 2010.
[10] R. Nishino, M. Kojima, O. Oka, T. Okino,
T. Sugita, Y. Tsuchiya, H. Koyama, Y. Tozawa,
Y. Chubachi: Experience Gained through International PBL in Software Development, 1st AsiaPacific Joint PBL Conference 2010, 2010-10-23
[11] தു ‫ۍ‬ल, Ճ౻༝Ֆ, ‫୔ށ‬ٛ෉: PBL ༻৘ใΠϯϑϥ
ετϥΫνϟͷߏஙͱӡ༻, ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ‫ل‬ཁ,
pp.109-116, 2009
[12] ‫ ୔ށ‬ٛ෉, ੒ా խ඙, தു ‫ۍ‬ल, ౔԰ ཅհ: Global
PBL Feasibility Study ͷ࣮ફͱಘΒΕͨ஌‫ݟ‬, ৘
ใॲཧֶձ ৘ใ‫ڭ‬ҭγϯϙδ΢Ϝ࿦จू, pp.167174,2009-08-20.
[13] தു ‫ۍ‬ल, ౔԰ ཅհ, ௕ඌ ༤ߦ, Ճ౻ ༝Ֆ, ञ৿ ܿ,
‫ ୔ށ‬ٛ෉: άϧʔϓ΢ΣΞಋೖʹΑΔ PBL ͷ‫͑ݟ‬Δ
Խ, ೔ຊ e-Learning ֶձ࿦จࢽ, Vol.9, pp.129-135,
2009-05.
[14] দᖒ ๕তɼਿӜ ֶɼେ‫ݩ ؠ‬ɿ ࢈ֶ‫ڠ‬ಉͷ PBL ʹ͓͚
Δ‫ސ‬٬ͱ։ൃऀͷ‫ڠ‬૑‫ڥ؀‬ͷߏஙͱਓࡐҭ੒ޮՌ, ৘
ใॲཧֶձ࿦จࢽ, Vol.49, No.2, pp.944-957, 2008
ฤू‫هޙ‬
‫ل‬ཁฤूҕһ௕
தു ‫ۍ‬ल
͜ͷ౓ɼ࢈‫ٕۀ‬ज़େֶӃେֶ‫ل‬ཁୈ 6 ߸Λൃ‫͢ץ‬Δӡͼͱͳͬͨɽຊֶͷ‫ڭ‬һΛத৺ͱ͢Δஶऀʹ
ΑΔ 28 ݅ͷ࿦จΛऩ࿥͠ɼଟ༷ͳ‫ڀݚ‬੒Ռ͕͜ͷதʹ͸‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽ৘ใՊֶ΍‫ػ‬ց޻ֶͷ‫ૅج‬
త‫ڀݚ‬΋͋Ε͹৘ใγεςϜͷԠ༻ɼͳ͍͠͸ɼσβΠϯɾ‫ײ‬ੑྖҬʹؔ͢Δ΋ͷ΋͋Δɽ෼໺༥߹
‫ܕ‬ͷ৽͍͠‫ڀݚ‬ΛࢼΈΔຊֶͷಛੑ͕ɼ͜ͷ‫ل‬ཁͱ͍͏‫Ͱܗ‬վΊͯ‫ࣔ͞ݦ‬Εͨͱ‫͑ݴ‬Α͏ɽ
ஶऀ͔Β౤ߘ͞Εͨ࿦จ͸ฤूҕһʹΑΔࠪಡΛ‫͓ͯ͠ࡌܝͯܦ‬Γɼ֤࿦จͷछผ͸ɼஶऀ͔Βૹ
෇͞Εͨ౤ߘථʹ‫͞ࡌه‬Εͨ΋ͷΛͦͷ··‫͍ͯ͠ࡌܝ‬Δɽͨͩ͠ɼຊֶʹ͓͚Δ‫ڀݚ‬ͷଟ༷ੑ͔
Βɼࠪಡʹ͋ͨͬͯ͸Ұൠతͳֶज़࿦จࢽͷΑ͏ͳ಺༰໘ͷධՁ͸ࠔ೉Ͱ͋ΓɼฤूҕһձͰ͸໌Β
͔ͳ‫ه‬ड़ͷ‫ޡ‬Γɾ‫ࣈޡ‬୤ࣈͳͲͷ༗ແΛ֬ೝ͢Δ͜ͱʹཹΊΔ΋ͷͱͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼ͜ΕΒͷଟ༷ͳ
‫ڀݚ‬੒ՌΛҰ཯ͳධՁ࣠Ͱ൑அ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɼΉ͠Ζͦͷଟ༷ੑΛอͬͨ··Ұͭͷ࿦จࢽͱ͍͏
‫ʹܗ‬వΊΔͱ͍͏͜ͱͦ͜ຊֶ‫ل‬ཁͷҙٛͳͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱͷߟ͑ʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬ɽ
‫ل‬ཁͷฤूํ਑͸ɼྺ୅ͷฤू୲౰ऀͷ‫ݟ‬ղΛ౿·༷͑ʑͳมભΛ୧͖ͬͯͨͱฉ͘ɽ‫ل‬ཁͷฤू
ͷ͋Γํʹ͍ͭͯ͸ࠓ‫ޙ‬΋‫ܧ‬ଓతʹٞ࿦Λ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Ζ͏ɽྫ͑͹ɼଞ෼໺ͷಡऀ͕‫ڀݚ‬ͷ಺༰Λ
ධՁͰ͖ΔΑ͏ͳධՁ࣠Λఏࣔ͢Δ͜ͱΛ༧Ίஶऀʹ‫ٻ‬ΊͨΓɼ‫ڀݚ‬ͷաఔʹ͓͚Δ౤ߘ࿦จͷҐஔ
෇͚ʹ͍ͭͯΑΓ໌֬ʹ‫ͯ͠ࡌه‬΋ΒͬͨΓɼͱ͍ͬͨ޻෉΋ඞཁͳͷ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɽ
ࠓճɼฤूҕһ௕ͱͯ͢͠΂ͯͷ࿦จʹ໨Λ௨͢‫ػ‬ձ͕༩͑ΒΕͨɽࢲࣗ਎͸৘ใγεςϜ͕ઐ໳
Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼ૑଄‫ܥ‬ͷ‫ڭ‬һͷ࿦จ΋େม‫ڵ‬ຯਂ͘ഈಡ͍͍ͤͯͨͩͨ͞ɽ‫ʹٯ‬ɼ৘ใ‫Ͱܥ‬΋૬౰ʹߴ౓
ͳ͝‫ڀݚ‬΋͋ͬͯɼͳ͔ͳ͔ಡΈԠ͕͑͋ͬͨɽ
ຊࢽΛखʹऔΒΕͨํʹ͸ɼଞͷ෼໺ͷ‫ऀڀݚ‬ͷखʹΑΔ࿦จ΋ͥͻ͝Ұಡ͍͖͍ͯͨͩͨ͠ͱ੾
ʹ‫͏ئ‬ɽଞ෼໺ͱͷ༥߹͔Β৽͍͠Ռ࣮ΛಘΔͨΊʹ͸ɼࣗ෼ͱҟͳΔཱ৔ʹର͢Δཧղ͕ෆՄܽͰ
͋ΓɼͦͷͨΊʹඞཁͱͳΔ౒ྗΛ͠ଓ͚Δ͜ͱ͕ͦ͜ɼ࣍ੈ୅΁ͷඈ༂ʹͭͳ͕Δͷͩͱࢥ͏ɽ
຤චͳ͕Βɼ࿦จΛࣥච͞Εͨஶऀͷօ༷ɼฤूҕһ֤Ґɼ‫ͼٴ‬ɼຊֶࣄ຿‫ँײʹہ‬Λਃ্͛͠ɼ
ຊߘͷకΊͱ͍ͨ͠ɽ
紀 要 編 集 委 員 会
編集委員長
中 鉢 欣 秀
産業技術大学院大学産業技術研究科
情報アーキテクチャ専攻 准教授
加 藤 由 花
産業技術大学院大学産業技術研究科
情報アーキテクチャ専攻 教授
越 水 重 臣
産業技術大学院大学産業技術研究科
創造技術専攻 准教授
陳
俊 甫
産業技術大学院大学産業技術研究科
創造技術専攻 助教
土 屋 陽 介
産業技術大学院大学産業技術研究科
情報アーキテクチャ専攻 助教
吉 田
敏
産業技術大学院大学産業技術研究科
創造技術専攻 教授
2012 年度
産業技術大学院大学紀要
2012 年 12 月 発行
編集 発行
産業技術大学院大学
編集 発行
編集 発行
編集 発行
東京都品川区東大井 1-10-40
電 話 03（3472）7834
URL http://aiit.ac.jp/