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⧷࿖ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲߩⷐ⢛᥊ ⧷࿖ߩ ᐕ⋉㐿␜ᴺ 2WDNKE+PVGTGUV&KUENQUWTG#EVޔએਅ⋉ޟ㐿␜ᴺޠ ߣ߁ ޔߪޕᐕߦᣉⴕߐࠇߚᣣᧄߩ⋉ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᴺߩࡕ࠺࡞ߣߥߞߚᴺᓞߢࠆޕ ⋉㐿␜ᴺቯߩ┵✜ߪ ޔᐕઍߩᓟඨ߆ࠄ ᐕઍߩೋߦ⋧ޔᰴߋᄢဳߩડᬺ߮ ⚵❱ࠬࠠࡖࡦ࠳࡞߇ߎߞߚߎߣߢࠆޕਥⷐߥ߽ߩߣߒߡ ޔᐕߩࡋ࡞࠼ภォⷒ ฬᱫ ޔᐕߩࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠪ࠹ࠖゞੑ㊀ⴣ⓭ ฬᱫޔหᐕߩࡂࠗࡄࠕ ࡞ࡈࠔណᴤ⹜ជᣉ⸳⊒ ฬᱫ ޔᐕߩ$%%+㌁ⴕਇᱜ⎕✋ ంࡐࡦ࠼ⵍኂޔ ᐕߩࡃࡒࡦࠟࡓ₺┙∛㒮ߩ߇ࠎ⺋⸻ઙ 㛽⣲≌ߩ ∛ౣᬌᩏ ޔᐕߩࠗࡓḧ ࠞ ቇ┬ ฬṃᱫ╬ߥߤ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆ ޕ ߎࠇࠄߩઙߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏ળ⡬ળߩㆊ⒟ߢ⊕ߦߥߞߚߩߪ⥰ߩ⟋‽ޔบߣߥߞߚ⚵❱ߦ ᚲዻߔࠆ␠ຬ߿⡯ຬ߇ޔਇᱜⴕὑ߿ᄢߦ⚿߮ઃߊࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱ౝߩᬺോㆀⴕߩㆊᄬ߿ᴺ ᓞ㆑߇୶ℂ⊛ߦ㗴ߢࠆߣ⭯ߣޘᗵߓߥ߇ࠄ߽ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔਇᱜⴕὑࠍ๔⊒ߒ߁ࠆࠃ߁ ߥ⚵❱ౝߩᢥൻ߇ሽߒߥߎߣޔ឵⸒ߔࠇ߫ඨ߫ᴉ㤩ࠍᒝߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱ߩജ߇ሽ ߒߚߎߣߢࠆ ߦࠄߐޕ㗴ߢߞߚߩߪߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߦ⚿߮ઃߊㆊᄬ߿ਇᱜⴕὑࠍ ⚵❱ౝㇱߩ⚻༡⠪߿ᄖㇱ⋙〈⚵❱ߪࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߦㅢႎߒߚ⡯ຬ߇ߩࠄࠇߎޔਇᱜࠍႎ๔ߒߚ ߇ࠁ߃ߦ⚵❱ౝߢਇߥ┙႐ߦ⟎߆ࠇߚࠅ⸃ޔ㓹ߐࠇߚࠅޔߪઁߩ⚵❱ߦዞ⡯ߔࠆࠍ⛘ ߚࠇߚ⠪߇ሽߒߚߎߣߢࠆ ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕታࠍࡔ࠺ࠖࠕᏒ᳃␠ળ⼏ળ߇㊀ⷐⷞߔ ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ߇⋉㐿␜ᴺቯߩ⢛᥊ߦࠆ ⧷ޕ࿖ߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺߪޔਇᱜߥ߽ߺᶖ ߒ߇⚿ᨐ⊛ߦᷓೞߥࠬࠠࡖࡦ࠳࡞ߦ⚿߮ઃߚ⋭߆ࠄ↢߹ࠇߚᴺᓞߥߩߢࠆ ޕ ⧷࿖ߩ㓹↪ᮭᴺ 'ORNQ[OGPV4KIJV#EVޕએਅޟ㓹↪ᮭᴺޔߡ߅ߦޕ߁ߣޠ ↪⠪ߪޔԘ⸃㓹ߦ୯ߔࠆᱜᒰߥ↱ޔԙ␠ౝߢቯࠄࠇߚ⸃㓹ߦ㑐ߔࠆᚻ⛯ࠍ〯ⷅߒߡࠆ ߎߣߩ ߟߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߒߡߥߌࠇ߫ഭ⠪ࠍ⸃㓹ߢ߈ߥ ⷐߩߎޔߜࠊߥߔޕઙࠍḩ ߚߒߡߥߌࠇ߫⸃ߩߘޔ㓹ߪ⥄േ⊛ߦਇᒰ⸃㓹ߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ ޕᐕߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺᣉⴕ એ೨ߪޔේೣߣߒߡ⋉ㅢႎߪ㓹↪ᄾ⚂ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ⠪ߩߩ❱⚵ޟᯏኒᜬߦޠଥࠆጁⴕ⟵ ോ㆑ߢࠆߣ⋴ߐࠇߚ߇ޔᒰഭ⠪ߪԘ⚵❱ߩஜᐽో㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⟵ോጁⴕ㆑ ߪੱ⒳ᕈߦၮߠߊᏅⴕὑࠍㅢႎߔࠆߎߣޔ߮ԙㅢᏱ⼔ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ഭᮭߩⴕ ߦࠃࠅ⸃㓹ߪ⡯႐ߢߩਇᒰߥᛒࠍฃߌߥᮭࠍޔᙗᴺߦࠃߞߡ㓚ߐࠇߡߚ ߒޕ 55 ጊፒ㓉ᔒ. (2003). ౝㇱ๔⊒⠪⼔ᐲࠍߋࠆേ߈ [Electronic Version]. ⺞ᩏߣᖱႎ, 421. Retrieved 22 January 2010 from http://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/data/publication/issue/0421.pdf. 56 Dehn, G., & Calland, R. (2005). Whistelblowing: The State of Art Whistleblowing Around the World; Law, Culture and Practice Retrieved 21 January, 2010, from http://www.pcaw.co.uk/aboutus/aboutus_pdfs/the_state_of_the_art.pdf 57 ห 58 Dehn, G., & Calland, R. (2005). Whistelblowing: The State of Art Whistleblowing Around the World; Law, Culture and Practice Retrieved 21 January, 2010, from http://www.pcaw.co.uk/aboutus/aboutus_pdfs/the_state_of_the_art.pdf 59 Ⴚᣂ৻ (2003). ౝㇱ๔⊒⠪⼔ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆ⻉㗴 - ⚻༡ߣᴺᓞߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ㧙. ᧲੩ኅቇ㒮ᄢቇ♿ⷐ, 43. 60 http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/RedundancyAndLeavingYourJob/Dismissal/DG_10026692 61 ห 62 Keter, V., & Smith, L. (2009). Whistleblowing: The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (Briefling No. SN/BT/248). London: 41 ߆ߒޔㅀߩ৻ㅪߩࠬࠠࡖࡦ࠳࡞ߪޔᣢሽߩᙗᴺߩ⸃㉼߮ⴕߩ㓹↪ᮭᴺߦࠃߞߡߪ⚵❱ ౝߩਇᱜⴕὑ╬ߩᖱႎࠍ㐿␜ߒߚ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⼔߇චಽᯏ⢻ߒߡߥߎߣࠍ㔺๒ߔࠆߎ ߣߣߥߞߚޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߩ߽ߣ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩቯߦዧജߒߘߩታߦᄢ߈ߊ⽸₂ߒߚߩ߇ ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ⧷࿖ߩ㕖༡࿅ޟ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋉ 2WDNKE%QPEGTPCV9QTM㧦2%C9ߢޠ ࠆޕౄᮭਅߢቯ߇࿎㔍ߛߞߚ⋉㐿␜ᴺ᩺ߢߞߚ߇ޔ2%C9ߣหᴺࠍౄᵷߢផ ㅴߔࠆౄ߮ഭౄߩ⼏ຬߩᾲᗧߦࠃࠅޔหᴺߪ⼏ຬ┙ᴺߦࠃߞߡᣂഭౄᮭਅߢᚑ ┙ߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ ޕ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲߩ⋡⊛ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߪ ޔᐕ ᣣ⋉ޔㅢႎࠍⴕ߁ഭ⠪ YQTMGTࠍ⼔ߔࠆᴺᓞߣߒߡ ᐕ㓹↪ᮭᴺࠍᡷᱜߒޔ㓹↪ᮭᴺ╙ ㇱߩᰴߦ ╙ޟㇱ #⼔ߐࠇࠆ㐿␜ ޠ2CTVΦ# 2TQVGEVGF&KUENQUWTGߣߒߡㅊടߔࠆㇱಽ # ᧦߆ࠄ . ᧦߹ߢߩ߶߆ޔ㓹↪ᮭᴺߩߊ ߟ߆ߩ᧦ᢥߦߟ߈৻ㇱᡷᱜࠍᣉߒߡᚑ┙ߒߚޕ หᴺߩ․ᓽߪޔഭ⠪߇ࠆࠇߐ⼔ޟ㐿␜ RTQVGEVGFFKUENQUWTGࠍߣߎߚߞⴕࠍޠℂ↱ ߣߒߡ↪⠪߆ࠄ߆ߥࠆਇ⋉߽ฃߌߥᮭࠍቯߚὐߦࠆ 㓹↪ᮭᴺ $ ᧦ ޔએ ਅ᧦ᢥߩᒁ↪ߪ㓹↪ᮭᴺߦၮߠߊޕ ࠆࠇߐ⼔ޟ㐿␜ࠍߣߎߚߞⴕࠍޠℂ↱ߣߒߡ⸃㓹ߐࠇߚ႐ว⸃ߩߘޔ㓹ߪᒰὼߦਇᒰ⸃ 㓹ߣ⋴ߐࠇࠆ #᧦ ߁ߢߎߎޕਇ⋉ߩਛߦߪޔ㔌⡯ߒߚഭ⠪ߦኻߒߡએ೨ߩ ↪⠪߇ផ⮈⁁ࠍ⊒ⴕߒߥߥߤߩភ⟎߽߹ࠇࠆ ޔߚ߹ޕഭ⠪߇ࠆࠇߐ⼔ޟ㐿␜ࠍޠ ⴕߞߚߎߣࠍℂ↱ߣߒߡޔ⡯႐ߩห߆ࠄਇᒰߥᛒ ߓ߿ߩߌ⠪ߦߐࠇࠆߎߣޔ⡯႐ ౝߩ᭽ߥޘ⡯ോ߿ⴕߦෳടࠍ㒖߹ࠇࠆߎߣ╬ࠍฃߌߚߎߣ߽ ޕ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲߩ⸳⸘ 㧔㧕ㅢႎ⠪ߩ⼔ߦଥࠆቯᴺߩή ㅢႎ⠪ߩ⼔ߦଥࠆቯᴺߣߒߡߪޔ೨ㅀߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩ߶߆☨ޔ࿖ᩣᑼᏒ႐ߦ႐ߔࠆ '7 ߦᚲߔࠆሶળ␠߮㑐ㅪળ␠ߪ☨ޔ࿖ߢᣉⴕߐࠇߚ 5CTDCPGU1ZNG[ 5QZᴺߩㆡ↪ ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕ ߔߥࠊߜߩࠄࠇߎޔળ␠ߪ␠ޔౝߢഭ⠪߆ࠄ㆑ᴺⴕὑ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆඞฬߩᖱႎㅢႎࠍฃߌ ઃߌࠆ⋧⺣⓹ญ ࡎ࠶࠻ࠗࡦࠍ⸳⟎ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕ ߎࠇߦኻߒޔ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ 6JG'WTQRGCP%QOOKUUKQPߪડᬺߦኻߒඞฬߩ⋉ㅢႎࠍᅑബ ߒߥࠃ߁ߦ߮߆ߌߡࠆޕߥࠄ⋉ޔㅢႎᐲߪㅢᏱ᰷Ꮊฦ࿖ߢ෩ߒߊࠄࠇߡ British Parliament. 63 ห 64 ห 65 Lewis Silkin LLP. (2008). Lewissilkinbrief: Whistleblowing. Retrieved 28 March, 2010, from http://www.lewissilkin.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/Whistleblowing%20Inbrief.pdf 66 ห 42 ࠆੱᖱႎ ࡊࠗࡃࠪࠍ㐿␜ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆ ޕ᰷Ꮊߦ߅ߡߪㆊߩ࠽࠴ ࠭ࡓ߮↥ਥ⟵ᮭਅߩ⒁ኒ⼊ኤߦࠃࠆੱᖱႎߩଚኂߘߒߡᐭಽሶߩಣ⟏ߩ⧰ ⚻㛎߆ࠄ☨ޔ࿖ᴺࠃࠅ߽ࡊࠗࡃࠪߩଚኂߦኻߒߡ෩ߒᆫࠍߣߞߡࠆ ޕ 㧔㧕⼔ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⠪ߩ▸࿐ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߪഭ⠪ YQTMGTࠍ㐿␜ߩਥߣߔࠆ߇ޔหᴺߦ߁ഭ⠪ߪ㓹↪ᮭᴺ ᧦ ߇ቯ⟵ߔࠆഭ⠪ Ԙ㓹↪ᄾ⚂ߪԙᄾ⚂ߩ⋥ធߩ⋧ᚻᣇߢߪߥ╙ਃ⠪ߦࠄ߆ߩഭ ߪࠨࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆഭᄾ⚂╬㧔ᵷ㆜ഭ⠪߿⺧⽶ഭ⠪㧕ࠍᐢᔨߢࠆ - ᧦ ޕ ߔߥࠊߜޔഭ⠪ߩᗧ⟵ߪޔᱜⷙߩ㓹↪ᄾ⚂ߦ߽ߣߠߊഭ⠪ߩߺߥࠄߕ╙ޔਃ⠪߆ࠄ⚫ ⧯ߒߊߪᵷ㆜ߐࠇߡࠆ⠪ߪߐࠇߚ⠪ޔ㓹↪᧦ઙ߇↪⠪ߪ╙ਃ⠪ߦࠃߞߡࠄࠇ ࠆ႐ว╬ߦ߹ߢᄢߐࠇߡࠆ -᧦ ޕหᴺߪᱜⷙߩ㓹↪ᄾ⚂ߦၮߠ߆ߥഭ⠪߽ޔ ⼔ߐࠇߚ๔⊒ࠍߒߚߚߦਇ⋉ಣಽࠍฃߌߚߣ߈ߪޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߦឭ⸷ߒߡᢇᷣࠍ᳞ࠆ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣߐࠇߡࠆ ᧦ #㗄 ↪ޕ⠪ߩᗧ⟵߽ᄢߐࠇߡࠆޔ߫߃ޕ㓹 ↪᧦ઙࠍታ⾰⊛ߦቯߔࠆ⠪ޔ⡯ᬺ⸠✵ࠍឭଏߔࠆ⠪ߥߤ߽ߎࠇߦ߹ࠇࠆ ޕ 㧔㧕ㅢႎኻ⽎ታ㧔ࠆࠇߐ⼔ޟ㐿␜ޠ㧔╙ ✬ #㧕㧕 # ᧦ ࠆࠇߐ⼔ޟ㐿␜ߩޠᗧ⟵ ᧄᴺߦ߅ߌࠆࠆࠇߐ⼔ޟ㐿␜ޔߪߣޠ% ᧦߆ࠄ * ᧦ߩߕࠇ߆ߩⷙቯߦᓥߞߡഭ ⠪߇ⴕ߁ޟㆡᩰᕈࠆ㐿␜ ޠ$ ᧦ߦ߅ߡቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆࠍޕᗧߔࠆޕ $ ᧦ ⼔ㆡᩰᕈࠍߔࠆ㐿␜ Ԙ ᧄ✬ߦ߅ߌࠆޟㆡᩰᕈࠆ㐿␜ޔߪߣޠએਅߦᒰߔࠆ㗄ߩዋߥߊߣ߽৻ߟએߦ ᒰߔࠆߣ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ഭ⠪߇วℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆᖱႎߩ㐿␜ࠍᗧߔࠆޕ C ‽⟋߇ⴕࠊࠇߚߎߣߣߎࠆߡࠇࠊⴕޔߪⴕࠊࠇࠆน⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߎߣ D ࠆ⠪߇ㆩߔߴ߈ᴺ⊛⟵ോߦ㆑ߒߚߎߣޔ㆑ߒߡࠆߎߣߪ㆑ߔࠆน ⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߎߣ E ⵙ್ߩ⺋ࠅ߇↢ߓߚߎߣߣߎࠆߟߟߓ↢ޔߪ↢ߓࠆน⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߎߣ F ੱߩஜᐽ߿ో߇ෂ㒾ߦߐࠄߐࠇߚߎߣߣߎࠆߡࠇߐࠄߐޔߪߐࠄߐࠇࠆ น⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߎߣ G ⅣႺ߇⎕უߐࠇߚߎߣޔ⎕უߐࠇߡࠆߎߣߪ⎕უߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߎߣ H ⸥ߩߕࠇ߆ߦᒰߔࠆ㗄ࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߥᖱႎ߇ᗧߦ㓝⭁ߐࠇߚߎߣޔ㓝⭁ ߐࠇߡࠆߎߣߪ㓝⭁ߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߎߣ 67 http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/empreltns/whistleblw/whistle.htm 68 LaFrance, A. J. (2006) 69 Ⴚ (2003) 70 ห 71 ห 43 ԙ Ԙ㗄ߦ߅ߡߪޔᒰ㗴߇⊒↢ߒࠅ߅ߡߒ↢⊒ޔߪ⊒↢ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߩ߇ㅪ ว₺࿖ౝߢࠆ߆ุ߆ߪࠊߥޔߚ߹ޕㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆᴺᓞ߇ㅪว₺࿖ߩ߽ߩߢࠆߩ ߆ߩઁޔ࿖ኅߪၞߩ߽ߩߢࠆ߆ߪࠊߥޕ Ԛ 㐿␜⠪߇ޔ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⟋ࠍ‽ߔߎߣߣߥࠆ႐วߦߪޔᒰ㐿␜ߪㆡᩰᕈ ࠆ㐿␜ߣߪߥࠄߥޕ ԛ มᴺᚻ⛯ߦ߅ߡᴺᓞኾ㐷ኅߩ․ᮭ ࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼ߦ߅ߡߪޔ㘈ቴߣߘߩଐ㗬ࠍ ฃߌߚᴺᓞኾ㐷ኅߣߩ㑆ߦࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ⒁ߩ㑐ଥߩਥᒛ߇⸵ߐࠇࠆᖱႎߩ㐿 ␜ߪ߇ࠇߘޔᴺ⊛ഥ⸒ࠍᓧࠆㆊ⒟ߢᖱႎߩ㐿␜ࠍฃߌߚ⠪ߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊࠇࠆ႐วߦߪޔ ㆡᩰᕈࠆ㐿␜ߣߪߥࠄߥޕ 㧔㧕ᑯ⼔჻⒁ඞ․ᮭߪᑯ⼔჻ߩ⒁⟵ോߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᖱႎ߇⼔ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ߆ ⧷࿖ߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺߢߪޔ㐿␜⠪߇ᴺ⊛ߥࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍฃߌࠆㆊ⒟ߢⴕࠊࠇߚ㐿␜ߪ⼔ޔ ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇⸥ߐࠇߡࠆ⋉ޕㅢႎࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆഭ⠪ߪޔㅢႎߦ㓙ߒߡ ޔKߘ ߩታ߇⼔ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ㐿␜ᖱႎߦᒰߔࠆ߆ุ߆ ޔδߤߩࠃ߁ߥᯏ㑐ߦኻߒߡ㐿␜ࠍ ⴕ߁ߩ߇ᅷᒰ߆ ޔεᄖㇱᯏ㑐ߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ߩ႐วޔ㐿␜ߩⷐઙ߇ḩߚߐࠇߡࠆ߆ ޔζ ߆ߥࠆᣇᴺߢ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߩ߇ㆡಾ߆ߚߞߣߤߥޔᴺ⊛ഥ⸒߇ᔅⷐߥᗧᕁቯߦ㓙ߒߡା 㗬ߢ߈ࠆഥ⸒⠪ߦ⋧⺣ߔࠆߎߣ߇৻⥸⊛ߢࠅޔㅢᏱߪᑯ⼔჻߇ߘߩછോࠍᜂߞߡࠆ߆ࠄ ߢࠆޕᴺ⊛ഥ⸒⠪ߦኻߔࠆᖱႎ㐿␜߇⼔ߐࠇࠆߎߣߪᒰ㐿␜⠪ߩታ⾰⊛ߥ⼔ߣ߁ ⷰὐ߆ࠄ߽㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢࠆ ޕ ഭ⠪ߩ㐿␜㗄ߪޔᴺᓞኾ㐷ኅߩ⒁ඞ․ᮭ ࠬࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼ߢߪଐ㗬⠪ߣᑯ⼔჻ߩ㑆ߩ ⒁⟵ോߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᖱႎߢߞߡޔᴺ⊛ᚻ⛯ߦ߅ߡ⛽ᜬߐࠇ߁ࠆ߽ߩߪߩߘޔᖱႎ߇ ᴺ⊛ഥ⸒ࠍ᳞ࠆㆊ⒟ߢ㐿␜ࠍฃߌߚ⠪ߦࠃߞߡ㐿␜߇ߥߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߪޔㆡᩰ㐿␜ߦᒰߖ ߕ ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩ⼔ኻ⽎߆ࠄߪ㒰ᄖߐࠇࠆ $᧦ 㗄⧷ޕ࿖ߢߪޔᴺᓞኾ㐷ኅߩ⒁ඞ ․ᮭߪᴺᐲߩᩭߣߥࠆේೣߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔฝේೣࠍ⎕ࠆߎߣߪᴺߩᱜ⟵ߩᩮᐙߦ㑐ࠊ ࠆ㊀ⷐߥ㗴ߢࠆߣߩ⼂߇ࠆޔ߅ߥޕหේೣߪ'7ੱᮭදቯߦ߅ߡ߽⏕ߐࠇߡࠆ ޕ 㧔㧕ੱߩਇ߿ㅢႎ⠪⥄りߩᮭߩଚኂ╬ޔ㓹↪ߩਇ↳┙ᚻ⛯ࠍ↪ߢ߈ࠆ㗄 ߇⼔ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ߆ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩᦨᄢߩ․⦡ߪ߈ߴࠆࠇߐ⼔ޔ㐿␜ࠍⴕߞߚഭ⠪߇ޔ⡯ോߦ߅ߡߪ㔌 ⡯ᓟߦਇ⋉ࠍⵍߞߚߣ߈ߦޔೋߡ㓹↪ᮭᴺ㆑ߣߒߡㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆߩߢޔ㓹↪ߩਇ↳ ┙ߡߣ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊഭᮭ⼔ߩ↳┙ߡߣࠍಾࠅ㔌ߔߎߣߪ㔍ߒޕ 72 Lewis, D., & Homewood, S. (2004). Five years of the Public Interest Disclosure Act in the UK: are whistleblowers adequately protected? [Electronic Version]. The Web Journal of Current Legal Issues, 5. Retrieved 18 January 2010 from http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/2004/issue5/dlewis5.html. 73 Gobert, J., & Punch, M. (2000). Whistleblowers, the Public Interest, and the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998. Modern Law Review, 63(1), 25-54. 74 http://www.pcaw.co.uk/policy/professionalpriviledge.htm 44 㧔㧕⼔ߩߚߩㅢႎ⠪ߩਥⷰ⊛ⷐઙ ⚵❱ߩౝㇱᖱႎߩ㐿␜߇⋉㐿␜ᴺߦࠃࠅ⼔ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆߚߦߪޔ㐿␜వߦᔕߓߡએ ਅߩⷐઙ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ Ԙ ↪⠪ GORNQ[GTߪߘߩઁߩ⽿છ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ % ᧦ ഭ⠪߇એਅߩߕࠇ߆ߩ⠪ߦኻߒߡ⺈ޔታߦ KPIQQFHCKVJ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ % ᧦ 㗄 γ ߘߩ↪⠪ δ 㧔↪⠪߇ߚᚻ⛯ߦࠃࠆ㧕↪⠪એᄖߩ╙ਃ⠪ ԙ ᴺᓞഥ⸒⠪ߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ & ᧦ ᴺᓞߩഥ⸒ࠍᓧࠆㆊ⒟ߢ㐿␜߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ႐วߢࠆߎߣ Ԛ =␠࿅╬⡯ຬߩ?࿖₺ߩᄢ⤿㧔㑑ᄖ⋧㧕 /KPKUVGTQH%TQYPߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ ' ᧦ ᒰഭ⠪߇ߦߚߩ᧦ᧄޔ࿖ോᄢ⤿ߩߦࠃࠅᜰቯߐࠇߚ⠪ߦኻߒߡ⺈ታߦ㐿␜ ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ ԛ ᜰቯᯏ㑐 RTGUETKDGFRGTUQPߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ ( ᧦ ᒰഭ⠪߇ߦߚߩ᧦ᧄޔ࿖ോᄢ⤿㧔㑑ౝ⋧㧕 5GETGVCT[QH5VCVG߇ߦࠃࠅ ᜰቯࠍⴕߞߚ⠪ߦኻߒߡ⺈ታߦ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣޔਗ߮ߦᒰഭ⠪߇ γᒰ㆑ 㗴߇ᜰቯᯏ㑐߇ߘߩߚߦᜰቯߐࠇߚ㗄ߦᒰߔࠆߎߣ ޔδ㐿␜ߐࠇࠆᖱႎ߮ ߘࠇߦ߹ࠇࠆਥᒛ߇ᧄ⾰⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߎߣߩޔਔᣇࠍวℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆߎߣ Ԝ ߘߩઁߩ㐿␜ 㐿␜వߪᴺᓞ㒢ቯߐࠇߡߥ ) ᧦ એਅߩⷐઙࠍߔߴߡḩߚߔߎߣ γ ᒰഭ⠪߇⺈ታߦ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ δ ᒰഭ⠪߇㐿␜ߐࠇࠆᖱႎ߮ߘࠇߦ߹ࠇࠆਥᒛ߇ᧄ⾰⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆ ߎߣ ε ᒰഭ⠪߇⥄Ꮖߩ⋉ߩߚߦ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߢߪߥߎߣ ζ ᰴߩߕࠇ߆ߩⷐઙ߇ḩߚߐࠇࠆߎߣ C ᒰഭ⠪߇㐿␜ࠍⴕߞߚᤨὐߦ߅ߡޔᒰഭ⠪߇↪⠪ߪᜰቯᯏ 㑐ߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߃߫↪⠪߆ࠄਇ⋉ߥขᛒࠍฃߌࠆߣᒰഭ⠪ ߇วℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆߎߣ D ᒰ㆑㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡੱ߽ᜰቯߐࠇߡߥ႐วߦ߅ߡ↪ޔ⠪ߦኻ ߒߡ㐿␜ࠍⴕߞߚ႐วߦߪޔᒰ㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸽߇⎕უߪ㓝⭁ߐࠇࠆ น⢻ᕈ߇㜞ߣวℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆߎߣ E એ೨ߦᒰഭ⠪߇ታ⾰⊛ߦห৻ߩᖱႎࠍ↪ޔ⠪ߦኻߒߡߪ ( ᧦ߦ ᓥߞߡ㐿␜ߒߚߎߣ߇ࠆߎߣ η ᒰഭ⠪߇㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇วℂ⊛ߢࠆ߆ุ߆ߩ್ᢿߦ㓙ߒߡߪߦ․ޔએ ਅߩ㗄ߦ⇐ᗧߐࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ C 㐿␜ߩ⋧ᚻᣇߩりర D ᒰ㆑ᴺⴕὑߩ㊀ᄢᕈ E ᒰ㆑ᴺⴕὑ߇߽⛮⛯ߒߡࠆ߆ߪ᧪↢ߓࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆ߆ 45 F ᒰ㐿␜߇ഭ⠪߇ઁߩ⠪ߦኻߒߡ⽶ߞߡࠆ⒁⟵ോߦ㆑ߔࠆᒻߢߥ ߐࠇߚ߆ G એ೨ߦታ⾰⊛ߦห৻ߩ㐿␜ࠍⴕߞߚߎߣࠍℂ↱ߣߔࠆ႐วߦߪߩߘޔ㐿␜ ߦၮߠ߈↪ޔ⠪ߪ ᧦ ( ߦᓥߞߡએ೨ߩ㐿␜వߣߥߞߚ⠪߇એ೨ߩ㐿 ␜ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡⴕേࠍߣߞߚ߆ߪⴕേࠍߣࠆߎߣ߇วℂ⊛ߐࠇ߁ࠆ߆ H ↪⠪ߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߦ㓙ߒߡޔᒰഭ⠪߇↪⠪ߦࠃߞߡࠄ ࠇߚᚻ⛯ࠍㆩߒߡࠆ߆ ԝ ᭂߡ㊀ᄢߥ㆑ᴺⴕὑߩ㐿␜ ᭂߡ㊀ᄢߥ㆑ᴺⴕὑߦ㑐ߔࠆ㐿␜ߦߟߡߪޔએਅߩⷐઙࠍߔߴߡḩߚߔߎߣ߇ᔅ ⷐߣߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ⸥ԜߦᲧߴ㐿␜ߩߚߩⷐઙ߇✭ߐࠇߡࠆ γ ഭ⠪߇⺈ታߦ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ δ 㐿␜ߐࠇࠆᖱႎ߮ߘࠇߦ߹ࠇࠆਥᒛ߇ታ⾰⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߎߣ ε ᒰഭ⠪߇⥄Ꮖߩ⑳⊛⋉ߩߚߦ㐿␜ࠍⴕߞߚ߽ߩߢߪߥߎߣ ζ ᒰ㆑ᴺⴕὑ߇ᭂߡ㊀ᄢߥᕈ⾰ࠍߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆߎߣ η ᒰ㐿␜ߦ߅ߌࠆߔߴߡߩ⁁ᴫߦ㐓ߺࠆߣޔᒰഭ⠪߇㐿␜ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ว ℂ⊛ߢࠆߎߣߩߎޕวℂᕈߩ್ᢿߦ㓙ߒߡߪޔ㐿␜ߩ⋧ᚻᣇ߇߆ߥࠆ⠪ߢ ࠆ߆ߦߟߡ․ߦ⇐ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲߩലᨐ 㧔㧕ㅢႎ⠪ߦኻߔࠆႎᓳⴕὑ╬߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ႐วߩᴺ⊛ᢇᷣ╬ ⋉㐿␜ᴺ 㓹↪ᮭᴺ$᧦ߩⷙቯߦ㆑ߒߡਇ⋉ಣಽࠍฃߌߚഭ⠪ߪޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲ GORNQ[OGPVVTKDWPCNߦឭ⸷ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ᧦ #㗄ޕฝឭ⸷ߪ⸃㓹ߘߩઁߩਇ⋉ ಣಽࠍฃߌߚᣣ߆ࠄේೣߣߒߡ ࠞએౝߦߥߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ ޕഭ⠪߇ਇ⋉ಣ ಽࠍฃߌߚߣߒߡឭ⸷ࠍߒߚ႐วߦޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߇ߘߩឭ⸷ߦචಽߥℂ↱߇ࠆߣࠆߣ ߈ߪޔክ್ᚲߪਇ⋉ಣಽߩขᶖ߮៊ኂఘ CEQORGPUCVQT[CYCTFࠍߕࠆߩߎޕ႐ว ߩ៊ኂߩఘߣߒߡߪഭ⠪ߩ㊄㌛⊛៊ᄬ HKPCPEKCNNQUUGUߩఘߩઁߦޔㅢᏱߘߩ៊ኂ ߦᔕߓߡᘨ⻢ᢱ CPKPLWT[VQHGGNKPIUCYCTFߣߒߡ ࡐࡦ࠼߆ࠄ ࡐࡦ࠼ ⚂ ਁ ߆ࠄ ਁ߇ఘߐࠇ៊ߩߘޔኂఘ㗵ߦߪ㒢ߩቯ߇ߥ ޕ ᐕᒰᤨޔหᤨᦼߦ⼏ળߢክ⼏ߐࠇߡߚ ᐕ㓹↪㑐ଥᴺ᩺ 'ORNQ[OGPV 4GNCVKQPU$KNNߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߦ߅ߡޔᒰᤨߩㅢ↥ᄢ⤿ߢߞߚഭౄߩ5VGRJGP $[GTU⼏ຬߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ࠍߒߚߎߣࠍℂ↱ߦਇᒰ⸃㓹ߐࠇߚഭ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ៊ኂఘ㗵ߦߪ 㒢ࠍ⸳ߌߥߣ߁ᣂ᧦㗄ࠍ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦㅊടߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ ⋉ޕ㐿␜ᴺቯߩߚߩ ክ⼏߇㐳ᒁߚߩߪ᧦ߩߎޔ㗄ߩㅊടࠍ⋉㐿␜ᴺ᩺ߦട߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߚ߆ࠄߢࠅ ߩߎޔ ᧦㗄ߩㅊടߦߪ⋧ᒰߩኻᗧ߇⼏ળౝߢߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ$[GTU⼏ຬߪචಽߥ៊ኂ 75 Ⴚ (2003) 76 Keter, V., & Smith, L. (2009). 77 ห 78 ห 46 ఘ㊄ࠍฃߌขࠆᮭߩࠆ㐿␜⠪ࠍ⼔ߔࠆߎߣࠍㅢߓߡᐭ߇⋉㐿␜ᴺࠍ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷞ ߒߡ߅ࠅലߥᴺᓞߦߔࠆᗧ࿑ࠍߒߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔߚߦ៊ޔኂఘ㗵ߩ㒢ࠍ⸳ߌߥ ߣߩ᧦㗄ࠍઃߌട߃ࠆߎߣࠍቯߔߴ߈ߢࠅᦨ߇ޔㆡߩᯏળߢࠆߣ⺑ߚ ޕᓐߪ ߎߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩᦨೋߩᴺ᩺ࠍឭߒߚౄߩ5JGRJGTF⼏ຬߦ⻢ᗧࠍߒ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺ ᩺߇㒮ޔਅ㒮ਔᣇߩ⼏ળߢୟ⊛ߥᡰᜬࠍฃߌߡࠆߣਥᒛߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔห᧦㗄ࠍ⋉㐿␜ ᴺߦㅊടߔࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒߚߩߢࠆ ޕ ߹ߚࠅ߹ޔᄙߊߥࠤࠬߢߪࠆ߇ࠆࠇߐ⼔ޟޔ㐿␜ࠆࠃߦߣߎߚߞⴕࠍޠਇᒰ⸃ 㓹ߢࠆߣߩഭ⠪ߩឭ⸷ߦߟߡߪޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩ್ቯ߇ࠆ߹ߢਇᒰ⸃㓹Ꮕᱛߩಣ ಽ KPVGTKOTGNKGHࠍߕࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ޔߚ߹ޕ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߪޔਇᒰ⸃㓹ߩឭ⸷ߦᱜᒰ ߥℂ↱߇ࠆߣࠆߣ߈ߪޔේ⁁࿁ᓳޔౣ㓹↪ߪ៊ኂ⾩ఘࠍߕࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ߚޕ ߛߒޔਇᒰ⸃㓹ࠍℂ↱ߣߔࠆឭ⸷ߦߟߡߪޔ㓹↪⚳ੌߩᣣ߆ࠄ ᣣએౝߦឭ⸷߇ߥߐࠇߥ ߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ ޕ 㧔㧕ᴺ⊛ᢇᷣߩߚߩⴕᚻ⛯ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߣߪ㓹↪㑐ଥ┙ᴺ 㓹↪ᮭᴺ ᐕࠍߦၮߠߊ⸷⸩ߩ߶ߣࠎߤߦߟ ߡ▤ロᮭࠍߔࠆⴕክ್ᚲߩ৻⒳ߢࠅޔ㓹↪ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⚗ߦ߅ߡߪߔ߿ߒࠬࠢࠕޔ ߊޔㄦㅦߢ⽶↪⾌ޔᜂߩዋߥᚻ⛯ࠍឭଏߔߴ߈ߢࠆߣߩℂᔨߩਅߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡࠆޕ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦ㑐ࠊࠆᢇᷣᚻ⛯ߪޔએਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢࠆޕ Ԙ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߳ߩ↳┙ߡߪᦠޔ㕙ߦࠃࠅ⸃ޔ㓹ߪ⸃㓹એᄖߩਇ⋉ಣಽࠍฃߌߚᣣ߆ࠄ ේೣߣߒߡ ࠞએౝߦߥߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕ ԙ Ԙߦࠃࠆ↳┙ߡߩ౮ߒߪ↪⠪ߦㅍઃߐࠇ↪ޔ⠪ߪ ᣣએౝߦᦠ㕙ߦࠃࠆᔕ⸷ㅢ ⍮ࠍⴕ߁ޕ Ԛ ԙࠍߪߓߣߔࠆᦠ㕙ߩ౮ߒߪᢷᣓ╬ࠍⴕ߁ᯏ㑐ߢࠆޟഥ⸒⺞ખⵙᯏ㑐 VJG #FXKUQT[%QPEKNKCVKQPCPF#TDKVTCVKQP5GTXKEG㧦#%#5ߦޠㅍઃߐࠇ⺞ߩߘޔቭ߇ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩክࠍ⚻ߕߦᒰ⠪㑆ߢߩ⸃ࠍ⹜ߺࠆޕ ԛ Ԛߦࠃࠅ⸃߇࿑ࠄࠇߥ႐วߪޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߦ߅ߡ⺞ᩏ߮ክࠍⴕޔਇᒰ⸃㓹 ╬ߩ↳┙ߡߦᱜᒰߥℂ↱߇ࠆߣࠆ႐วߦߪޔේ⡯ᓳᏫ߿ఘ㊄ߩᡰᛄࠍ↪⠪ ߦߕࠆޕ Ԝ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩ್ᢿߦኻߒߡߪᴺᓞ㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㒢ࠅߦ߅ߡ㓹↪ክ್ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲ 'ORNQ[OGPV#RRGCN6TKDWPCN'#6߳ߩ⸷߇ࠄࠇߡࠆ್ߩߢߎߎޔߚ߹ޕ ߦਇ߇ࠆ႐วߪប⸷ⵙ್ᚲ 6JG='PINCPFCPF9CNGU?%QWTVQH#RRGCN㧦'9%#ࠬޔ ࠦ࠶࠻ࡦ࠼ߢߪVJG%QWTVQH5GUUKQP߳ߩߐࠄߥࠆ⸷߇ࠄࠇߡࠆ ޕ ߹ߚ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߪߊ߹ߢ㓹↪ᮭᴺߩᨒ⚵ߺߩਛߢಣℂߐࠇࠆߩߢޔหᴺߦ㆑ߒߡ⸃ 㓹߿ਇ⋉ߥಣಽ߇ߥߐࠇߚ႐วߦޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩⵙቯએᄖߩⴕಣಽ߿ೃಣಽߪ੍ቯߐ 79 ห 80 ห 81 Ⴚ (2003) 82 ห 83 ห 84 http://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk/FormsGuidance/practiceDirection.htm#link21 47 ࠇߡߥޕ ߥ߅ޔᜰቯᯏ㑐ߦኻߔࠆᖱႎ㐿␜㧔ㅢႎ㧕߇ߥߐࠇߚ႐วߦߪޔᜰቯᯏ㑐߇㐿␜⠪ߦኻߒ ߡ৻ቯߩㅢ⍮ߥߤࠍⴕ߁߆ߤ߁߆ߦߟߡ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߢߪ․Ბߩⷙቯߪߥޕ ߃߫⧷ޔ࿖ߩࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ߮ㅢା↥ᬺࠍᚲ▤ߔࠆⴕ⋙〈ᐡߢࠆ1HEQO ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩ ޟᜰቯᯏ㑐ߦޠᒰߔࠆߪޔᜰቯᯏ㑐߇ฃℂߒߚ⋉㐿␜ᖱႎߩోߡߦߟߡክᩏߔࠆߎ ߣߪ⟵ോઃߌࠄࠇߡߥᣦࡎࡓࡍࠫߦ⸥ߒߚߢޔ1HEQOߩ್ᢿߦࠃࠅߩޔ ⋉ࠍ⼔ߔࠆߚߦ⚵❱ߩ⾗Ḯ߇⸵ߔ㒢ࠅߦ߅ߡᦨༀߩ╷ࠍߣߞߡࠆߣ⺑ߒߡࠆ ޕ1HEQOߩࠨࠗ࠻ߦߪ㐿␜ᖱႎ߇⼔ߐࠇࠆᖱႎߢࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߦߟߡ್ᢿߔࠆ⟵ോ߇ߥ ߣ߽⸥ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ1HEQO߇㐿␜⠪ߦኻߒߡㅢ⍮ߥߤࠍⴕ߁߆ߤ߁߆ߦߟߡߩ⸒߽ ߥ ޕ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲߩታോ⊛ㆇ↪ 㧔㧕ㅢႎ⠪⼔ߩታᘒ⺞ᩏ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߳ߩ↳┙ߡ߮ಣℂߩ⁁ᴫߦߟߡߪޔฦᐕߩ↳┙ߡઙᢙߣಣℂ⚿ᨐߩઙᢙ ߇ߐࠇߡࠆ ߮ ߪߡ┙↳ޕᐕޘჇ߃ߡ߅ࠅ ޔᐕᐲߩ↳┙ߡߪޔᣉⴕ ⋥ᓟߩ ᐕᐲߩ ઙ߆ࠄ ઙߦჇടߒߡࠆޕ ಣℂ⁁ᴫߦߟߡߪ ޔᐕᐲߪోಣℂઙᢙ ઙߩ߁ߜ ⚂ޔ㧑ߩ ઙ߇ክߦ⥋ ࠆ೨ߦᢷᣓߦࠃߞߡ⸃ߔࠆ߆ޔขࠅਅߍࠄࠇߡࠆ ߜ߁ߩߘޕ#%#5 ߩᢷᣓߦࠃࠆ⸃ߪ ઙߢޔขਅߍߪ㕖ᑼߦ⸃ߐࠇߚࠤࠬߪ ઙߢࠆޕክࠍ㐿ߚ᩺ߦߟ ߡߪޔಣℂઙᢙోߩ 㧑ߩ ઙ߇ኈޔ㧑ߩ ઙ߇᫈ළߐࠇߡࠆޔߚ߹ޕክ ߦ߅ߡ ઙ 㧑߇▤ロᄖߢࠆߣߩℂ↱╬ߦࠃࠅ↳┙ߡࠍළਅߐࠇߡࠆޕ 㧝ߪ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊ㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߳ߩ↳┙ߡઙᢙߢࠅޔౖߪ VJG'ORNQ[OGPV 6TKDWPCN5GTXKEG 㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߮ VJG&GRCTVOGPVQH6TCFGCPF+PFWUVT[ PQYVJG &GRCTVOGPVQH$WUKPGUUޔ+PPQXCVKQPCPF5MKNNU ㅢ↥ᬺ⋭ ޔ$+5ߢࠆޕ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊ㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߳↳┙ߡઙᢙߩផ⒖ ᐕᐲ ↳┙ߡઙᢙ 㧞ߩว⸘ઙᢙߪޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߦ߅ߡ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊክߦࠃߞߡಣℂߐࠇߚઙᢙ ߢࠅޔ⸥ߩ↳┙ߡઙᢙߣߩ⋧㆑ࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢࠆޕ 85 http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/accoun/pida/ 86 http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/accoun/pida/ 87 Latest Figures for PIDA Applications summarised by Public Concern at Work, http://www.pcaw.co.uk/law/pidalatestfigures.htm 48 ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߢߩಣℂ⚿ᨐઙᢙߩផ⒖ ᐕᐲ #%#5ߩᢷᣓߦࠃࠆ⸃ ขਅߍߪ㕖ᑼߦ⸃ ክߢኈ ክߢ᫈ළ ክߢළਅ ▤ロᄖ ክߢළਅ ߘߩઁߩℂ↱ ߘߩઁߩಣℂ ಣℂઙว⸘ Source: Department of Trade and Industry (now the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills) 㧔㧕ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲࠍߋࠆ㊀ⷐߥⵙ್ߩౝኈ߮⁁ᴫ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲࠍߋࠆਥⷐߥⵙ್ߦ߅ߡߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺㆡ↪ߩߚߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߒ ߡࠆ߆ุ߆߇ਥⷐߥὐߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ᄙޕ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩਥߥᓎഀߪએਅߩ 3 ߟߩⷐઙࠍ ⋉㐿␜⠪߇ḩߚߒߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߩ್ᢿߢࠆޕ 㐿␜߇⺈ታߦߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ 㐿␜ߐࠇߚᖱႎߣߘࠇߦ߹ࠇࠆਥᒛ߇ᧄ⾰⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߣวℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆߎߣ 㐿␜⠪߇㐿␜ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᖱႎࠍวℂ⊛ߦᱜߒੱ‛߿ᚲロቭᐡߦㅢႎߒߡࠆߣାߓ ߡࠆߎߣ ߎࠇࠄએᄖߦὐߣߥࠆߩߪ↪ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ⠪ߩⴕὑ߇⋉㐿␜⠪ߦߣߞߡ㆑ᴺߥⴕὑ ៊ኂߣߥࠅ߁ࠆ߆ߦߟߡߩ್ᢿߢࠆ↪ޔ߫߃ޕ⠪߇⋉㐿␜⠪ߦኻߔࠆห߆ࠄ ߩህ߇ࠄߖࠍᱛߥ߆ߞߚ❱⚵ޔౝߢߩㅢႎࠍᱜߒߊขࠅᛒࠊߥ߆ߞߚߚ߹ޔㅌ⡯ ᓟߦ⋉㐿␜ࠍⴕߞߚ⠪ߦኻߒߡផ⮈⁁ࠍ⊒ⴕߒߥ߆ߞߚ╬߇ᒰߔࠆޕ ߐࠄߦޔഭ⠪ߩ㓹↪ᒻᘒ߿りಽ 㧦ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ᄾ⚂ᦼ↪⹜ޔ㑆ਛޔᶏᄖൕോߦ㑐 ߒߡ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߦࠃࠆ⼔ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߽ὐߣߥߞߡࠆޕ એਅߦ߅ߡ⚫ߔࠆ ߩ್ߪޔ2%C9߇⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺᣉⴕᓟ ᐕ⋡ߩ ᐕ ߦޔ ߘࠇ߹ߢߦ⫾Ⓧߐࠇߚ⚂ ઙߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺ㆑ߩ⸷߃ߩਛ߆ࠄᦨ߽㊀ⷐߣߐࠇࠆೋᦼߩ ઙߩ್ࠍ⚫ߒߚႎ๔ᦠ ޔ߮ቇⴚ⺰ᢥߢ⸃⺑ߐࠇߚ㊀ⷐ್ ࠍਛᔃߦㆬቯߒߐޔ ࠄߦޔฝႎ๔ᦠ⊒ᓟߦ⚖ⵙ್ᚲߢᣂߒ್ᢿ߇␜ߐࠇߚ߽ߩࠍㅊടߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ 88 Public Concern at Work. (2003). Summary of sixty PIDA cases Retrieved 19 March, 2010, from http://www.pcaw.co.uk/law/casesummaries.htm 89 Myers, A., & Dehn, G. (2000). Whistleblowing: the first cases and practical issues. Retrieved 20 January, 2010, from http://www.pcaw.co.uk/law/wbthefirstcases.htm Scrope, H., Barnett, D., & Law, S. (2008). Employment law handbook (4th ed.). London: Law Society. 49 Ԙ ⋉㐿␜ᴺㆇ↪ೋᦼߦߦ߅ߌࠆઍ⊛ߥ γ ޟᬺ⠪ౝㇱ߳ㅢႎߒߡ߆ࠄ ᣣᓟߦᧂޔᜰቯߩⷙⴕᯏ㑐ߦⴕߞߚㅢႎߪวℂ⊛ ߢࠆߚࠇߐߣޠ 㧦⋉㐿␜ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ=⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲ 'PINCPFCPF9CNGU%QWTVQH#RRGCN㧦 '9%#%KXKN&KXKUKQP߳ߩᦨೋߩ⸷ 㧦#.//GFKECN5GTXKEGUX$NCPFQP=?'9%#%KX ⚻㛎ࠍߔࠆ⋴⼔Ꮷ # ߇ߩߢࡓࡎࠕࠤࠆޔࠍᆎߡ ࠞߩ߁ߜߦ⼔⋴ޔ᳓Ḱߦ ㊀ᄢߥ⇼ࠍᜬߟߦ⥋ߞߚ⚻ޕ༡⽿છ⠪ߦߘߩ㗴ࠍᜬߜ߆ߌࠆߣ⥄ޔಽ߇ભᥜ߆ࠄᏫߞߚ ߣ߈ߦኻಣߔࠆߩߢᦠ㕙ߢߒߡ߅ߊࠃ߁ߦߣ⸒ࠊࠇߚޔߒ߆ߒޕ㗴ߪߘߩᓟ߽⛯ߚߚ ߩߘޔᣣᓟߦᒰᤨ⋉㐿␜ߩᜰቯᯏ㑐ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ␠ળࠨࡆࠬᬌᩏቭ 55+ߦᖱႎࠍ 㐿␜ߒߚޕᬌᩏቭߪࠤࠕࡎࡓࠍ⺞ᩏߒ⇼ޔ߇┙⸽ߐࠇߚޔߒ߆ߒޕ# ߪኾ㐷⡯ߩ⽿ോ㆑ ߣߒߡᙼᚓߐࠇޔ⡯ࠍㅊࠊࠇߚߚޔ# ߪ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊ↳┙ߡࠍⴕߞߚޕ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߮=⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߪޔ# ߦࠃࠆౝㇱᄖㇱߢߩ㐿␜ߪ⼔ߐࠇࠆߣߩክ್ ࠍⴕߞߚޔߜࠊߥߔޕ# ߩࡎࡓߢߩൕോᦼ㑆ߪ㓹↪ᮭᴺߩਇᒰ⸃㓹ߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߔߦߪ ⍴ߊ⋉ߚ߹ޔ㐿␜ᴺߦ߅ߡᒰᤨᧂᜰቯߢߞߚ⋙〈ቭᐡ 55+ ߳ߩ㐿␜߹ߢߩᤨ㑆߇⍴߆ ߞߚߩߪ⏕߆ߛ߇⋉ޔ㐿␜ߩᚻ⛯⥄ߦ㊀ⷐߥ℩∎ߪሽߖߕߦࡓࡎࠕࠤߚ߹ޔౝㇱㅢ ႎ߇ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ # ߦࠃࠆ㐿␜ߪวℂ⊛ߢࠆߣߐࠇߚޕ# ߪઁߩ⡯ࠍߟߌࠆߣ ߦਁ ⚂ ࠼ࡦࡐ ޔߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘࠍᓧߚޕ ߎߩࠤࠬߪ↪ޔ⠪ߦኻߒߡ⋉ޔ㐿␜⠪ߩ⸃㓹ߩⷐઙ߇ㅢᏱߩਇᒰ⸃㓹ࠃࠅ߽෩ߒߊ ⸳ቯߐࠇߡࠆߎߣࠍ㑆ߦ⍮ࠄߒߚᦨೋߩࠤࠬߣߥߞߚ ޕ δ ␠ޟౝߢਇᱜߦኻߔࠆᛒߦ৻⽾ᕈ߇ߥߡߒߣޠᢇᷣߐࠇߚ 㧦(GTPCPFGUX0GVEQO%QPUWNVCPVU=?+4.$ $ ߪ☨ޔ࿖㔚ㅢାળ␠ߩሶળ␠ߢ⽷ോࠍᜂᒰߒߡߚ ޕᐕޔᏂ㗵ߩ⇼ࠊߒ⺧᳞߇ ߥߐࠇߡࠆߎߣࠍ $ ߇⚻༡⽿છ⠪ߦวࠊߖߚߣߎࠈߩߘޔὐߦߟߡߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ ߦߔࠆࠃ߁⸒ࠊࠇߚ ޕᐕᧃߦ⇼ࠊߒ⺧᳞㗵ߩว⸘㗵߇ ਁࡐࡦ࠼ ⚂ ਁࠍ ߃ߚᤨߦޔ$ ߪߎߩ㗴ࠍข✦ᓎળߢᜰ៰ߒߚߩߘޕᓟ⋥ߋߦᓐߪㄉ⡯ߔࠆࠃ߁ജࠍᗵ ߓࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅࠍࠇߘޔᜎุߔࠆߣ⽷ോᜂᒰ⠪ߣߒߡ⚻༡⽿છ⠪ߩਇᱜߥᡰࠍ⸵นߒߚ⽿ છߢᙼᚓߐߖࠄࠇߚ ߢߎߘޕ$ ߪ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦࠃࠆ↳┙ߡࠍⴕߞߚޕ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߪޔ$ ߩ⧰ᖱߦኻߔࠆㆡಾߥኻಣ߇ߥߐࠇߕޔౝㇱㅢႎߩᯏળࠍᅓࠊࠇߚߣ್ ᢿߒߚޕ$ ߪᣢߦ ᱦߢࠅޔ㘃ૃߩ⡯ߦዞߊߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߣߒߡ ਁ ޔජࡐࡦ࠼ ⚂ ਁߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘࠍߚ⺧ߒࠊ⇼ޔ߅ߥޕ᳞ࠍ㤩ߔࠆࠃ߁ᜰ៰ߒߚ⚻༡⽿છ⠪ߪ $ ߇ ൎ⸷ߔࠆ߹ߢߘߩߦዞߚ߹߹ߢߞߚޕ ߎߩࠤࠬߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߡ⚻༡⠪ߩਇᱜⴕὑ߇߆ࠇޔᏂ㗵ߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘ㊄߇㐿 90 Thompsons Solicitors. (2002). Whistle blowing: follow the tune [Electronic Version]. Thompsons Weekly LELR (The Labour and European Law Review). 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#㧔ᅚᕈ㧕ߪޔ$ ␠ߩᏱോߩ⒁ᦠߢߞߚޕᏱോߪޔ# ࠍߞߚ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢ߳ᒛߩ㓙ޔ # ߇ޟ㈮ߞߡᗧ⼂߇ᦿᧀߣߒߡࠆᤨߦޠ# ࠍᒝᆞߒߚޕ# ߪ⧷ޔ࿖ߣ☨࿖ߩ⼊ኤ߇ߘߩઙ ߩᝡᩏࠍⴕߞߡߚ ࡩ㑆ޔ⺞ࠍ፣ߒߦᚯࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚޕ# ߪޔᓳ⡯ߔࠆ ↪ᗧ߇ߢ߈ߚߣ߈ߦ⽷ޔോᜂᒰᓎຬߦᚻ⚕ߢᖱࠍႎ๔ߒޔᏱോߪ $ ␠ߩᅚᕈ␠ຬߦߣߞߡ ෂ㒾ߢࠆߣ๔ߍߚ ߚ߹ޕ# ߪޔᏱോߣߪᒰὼᓟ৻✜ߦߢ߈ߕޔᏱോߪ $ ␠ߩᓎຬળ ߦࠃߞߡ⺞ᩏߐࠇ⸃㓹ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߛߣ๔ߍߚ⺞߽ߡߞ⚻ࡩ ޔߒ߆ߒޕᩏߩㅪ⛊߽ߥߌࠇ ߫ޔߩ⺈ᗧࠆ࿁╵߽ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ # ߪㄉ⡯ߒߚޕ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߪޔ# ߩᚻ⚕߇⼔ߐࠇࠆߴ߈㐿␜ߢ $ ␠߇⺞ᩏࠍⴕࠊߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߪ # ߦߣ ߞߡߩ៊ኂߢࠆߣߒߡޔ# ߪㄉ⡯ߔࠆᮭ߇ࠅߦࠇߘޔኻߒ ࡐࡦ࠼ ਁ ߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘࠍ $ ␠ߦ⺖ߒߚޕ ι ᐙㇱ␠ຬߦࠃࠆࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߳ߩᒝࠊߖߟߩ⧰ᖱࠍ⒁ኒ⵰ߦߒ⋉ߩߘޔᖱႎࠍ㐿␜ ߒߚᡰᐫ㐳ߦ៊ኂࠍਈ߃ߚળ␠߳ߩട㊀៊ኂ⾩ఘ㊄ߩ⺧᳞ࠍߚ 㧦#X:=? # ߪ : ␠ߩᡰᐫ㐳ߢߞߚޕᓐߩ ੱߩᅚᕈㇱਅ߇ޔ⚖ࡑࡀࠫࡖߩ 5 ߇ੑੱߦኻߒ ߡᕈ⊛ህ߇ࠄߖ߮ᒝࠊߖߟⴕὑࠍⴕߞߚߎߣࠍႎ๔ߒߚޕ# ߪߎߩ৻ઙࠍᏱോߦવ߃ޔ ߘߩ⺞ᩏࠍฃߌߡ 5 ߪ⡯ಣಽࠍฃߌߚޕ: ␠ߩ⚻༡ᐙㇱߪߎߩઙࠍోߡ⒁ኒߦߔߴߊޔ ߽ߒ # ߣੑੱߩⵍኂ⠪߇ઙࠍᄖㇱߦṳࠄߒߚࠄ⸃㓹߮ฬᲛ៊ߩ⸷߃ࠍឭߔࠆߣ⢿ㄼ ߒߚޕᓥᬺຬ߆ࠄ ⡯႐ߦࠇߥ5 ߦ߇ߎߞߚ߆⡞߆ࠇߚ㓙ޔ# ߪ ߊࠄߘ߅ޔ5 ߪ⡯ ႐ߦᚯߞߡߎߥ߆߽⍮ࠇߥߣ๔ߍߚޕ: ␠ߪߎࠇࠍડᬺ⒁ኒߩṳᵨ㆑ߣߒߡޔ# ߦಣ ಽࠍ⺖ߒߚޕ5 ߪㄉ⡯ߒޔ# ߪಣಽߩߚߩ⡬⡞ߩᓟ⼊ޔ๔ߩㅢ⍮ࠍฃߌขߞߚߩߘޕᓟޔ# ߪࠬ࠻ࠬ߆ࠄ∛ᰳߒߦߜߩޔㄉ⡯ߒߚޕ 52 ⋉㐿␜ᴺߪޔㅢᏱ㓹↪ᄾ⚂ߦ߅ߡⷙ▸ߣߥߐࠇࠆഭ⠪ߩ↪⠪ߦኻߔࠆᯏኒᜬ ߩ᧦㗄߇ޔ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ⚵❱ౝߩ‽⟋ߥߤߩ⋉㐿␜ߦߪㆡ↪ߐࠇߥߣ߁ߎߣ߇ᦨᄢߩ ․⦡ߢࠆߣߎࠈ ޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߪޔ:␠߇#ߩᱜߒⴕേࠍⶋࠆઍࠊࠅߦ៊ኂࠍਈ߃ߚߣ ߒޔ#ߦኻߔࠆ ਁࡐࡦ࠼ ਁߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘ㊄ߩᡰᛄࠍ:␠ߦ⺖ߒߚޕ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߪޔ :␠߇⚵❱ౝߩ‽⟋ࠍ㓝⭁ߒޔᱜᒰߥ#ߩⴕὑࠍㅒߦಣ⟏ߔࠆߣߞߚ:␠ߩ␠ળ⊛ߥⴕേ ߇߹ߞߚߊℂਇዧߢࠆߣߩⵙቯࠍਅߒޔട㊀៊ኂ⾩ఘ㊄ CIITCXCVGFFCOCIGUߩ⺧᳞ࠍ ߚ㧔⸥ߩ߁ߜߩ ජࡐࡦ࠼ ਁ㧕ޕ ߥ߅ߩߎޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩⵙቯߪޔ: ␠ࠍㄉ⡯ߒߡ⼊ޔኤᯏ᭴ߩ⡯ຬߣߥߞߚ 5 ߦࠃࠆᒝ ࠊߖߟ⟋ߩᝡᩏࠍౣ㐿ߔࠆ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߥߞߚޕ5 ߪߘߩᓟ⟋ߣߥࠅࡩ ޔ㑆ߩ᜔⟎ೃ ߩಣಽࠍฃߌߚ್ⵙޕቭߪᓐߩ⟋ࠍඬഠᭂ߹ࠅߥᒝࠊߖߟⴕὑߢࠆߣᢿ⟋ߒߡࠆޕ κ ޟౝㇱᚻ⛯ࠍ⚻ߥ߆ߞߚߡߒߣޠᢇᷣߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ 㧦'XGTGVVX/K[CPQ%CTG5GTXKEGU=?'6 ࠤࠕࡎࡓߩ⋴⼔ഥ჻ߩ & ߪޔᦺࠆޔᣉ⸳ߩዬ⠪߇ᑈਅߦୟࠇߡޔᕋᚒࠍߒߡࠆߩ ࠍ⊒ߒߚߩߎޕ᧪ߦᒝࠬ࠻ࠬࠍᗵߓߚ & ߪ⥄ޔቛߦᚯߞߚ⋥ᓟ৻ߩߎޔઙࠍ 55+ 㧔ᧂᜰቯߩᯏ㑐㧕ߦ㔚ߢㅢႎߒߚޔߪ &ޕ55+ߦߎߩㅢႎࠍⴕߞߚ⋥ᓟߦޔᣉ⸳߆ࠄ⸃㓹 ߐࠇߚ⋉ߪ &ޕ㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠ߈⡯႐ᓳᏫ ⸃㓹ήലߩಣಽߩ↳⺧ߩ⺧᳞ࠍⴕߞߚߩߘޕ 㓙⥄ߪ &ޔಽߩ↪⠪ߦౝㇱㅢႎߔࠆߎߣࠍᕁߟ߆ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߒ߽ޔᕁߟߡࠇ߫ ↪⠪ߦవߦㅢႎߒߚߢࠈ߁ߣㅀߴߚޕ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߪ߇ &ޔᄖㇱㅢႎߩ೨ߦౝㇱߢ㗴ࠍㅢႎߖߕߦ․ * ᧦ ߚ߹ޔ㊀ᄢߥ㗴 ߩㅢႎߩ Fޟᒰ㗴߇․ߦ㊀ᄢߥᕈ⾰ߩ߽ߩߢࠇ߫ޔౝㇱㅢႎࠍ⚻ߥߊߡ߽ࠃߣޠ ߁⋉㐿␜ߩ⼔ⷐઙࠍḩߚߒߡߥߣߒߡࠍߡ┙↳ߩ &ޔ᫈ළߒߚޕ λ⸽ޟਇචಽߚࠇߐุߡߒߣޠ ' ߪޔㆇㅍળ␠㧔:㧕ߩᬺോᜂᒰߣߒߡណ↪ਛߢߞߚޔߪ 'ޕᓐߩม߇ᬺോᄢ߈ߥ 㗴ࠍߎߒߡࠆߎߣࠍ⼊๔ߒߚ⋥ᓟߦޔᣇോᚲⴕ߈ࠍߓࠄࠇߚޔߪ 'ޔߚ߹ޕ೨ ߩዞ⡯వ߇ : ߦኻߒ ' ߇࠻ࡉ࡞ࠍߎߒߚߎߣࠍ๔ߍߚ⠉ᣣߦᙼߪ 'ޔᚓߐࠇߚ⚻ߪ 'ޕ ༡⽿છ⠪ߦኻߒޟޔᣇോᚲ㐳ߦኻߒਇ⺈ታߢၿ⪭ߒߚᘠ⠌ࠍᜰ៰ߒߚᓟߦᙼᚓߐࠇߚޠ ߣߩᚻ⚕ࠍᦠߚ߇ޔᣇോᚲ㐳ߪߘߩߎߣࠍ⼏⺰ߔࠆߩࠍᜎุߒߚ⋉ޔߪ ' ߢߎߘޕ 㐿␜ᴺߦࠃࠆ↳┙ߡࠍⴕߞߚޕ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߪᙼ߇ 'ޔᚓߐࠇߚߩߪㅢႎߒߚߚߢߪߥߊޔᓐߩૐ↢↥ᕈߩߚߢࠆߣ ߒߡߦ 'ޔኻߒߡ ࡐࡦ࠼ߩክᩏ⾌↪ߩᡰᛄࠍߓߚޕ ԙ ㄭᐕ⚖ክߦ߅ߡ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺㆇ↪ߦ߅ߌࠆ㐿␜⠪ߩ⼔ߩߚߩⷐઙ߇⋥ߐࠇޔ ᣂߒ್ᢿ߇␜ߐࠇߚ㊀ⷐߥ್ 93 http://www.pcaw.co.uk/law/pida.htm#43h 53 γ ⼔ߦ୯ߔࠆ㐿␜㧦᧪ߎࠅ߁ࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇߥਇᱜⴕὑࠍ⚻༡⠪ߦ๔ߍߚߎߣߪ ⼔ߦ୯ߔࠆ⋉㐿␜ߣߪ⸒߃ߥߣߐࠇߚ 㧦-TCWUX2GPPC=?+4.4 -TCWU ᳁ -ߪޔ2GPPC ␠ 2ࠍㅢߒߡ 5[NVQPG ␠ 5ߩ᭴ㅧᡷ㕟߮ੱຬᷫࡊࡠࠣࡓߩ ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ᄾ⚂ࠍ⺧ߌ⽶ߞߡߚޕ- ߪ ᐕߩ ᣣߦ 2 ߦណ↪ߐࠇ ޔᣣߩ 5 ߩળ㐳ߣߩᦨೋߩળ⼏ߩઁߦޔห ᣣߦ ࿁⋡ߩળ⼏ࠍၫࠅⴕߞߚޕ- ߪ ᣣ߆ࠄ 5 ߢࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ߣߒߡߊߎߣߦߥߞߡߚ߇ ޔᣣߩᄕೞߩળ⼏ߢ 5 ߩળ㐳߆ࠄ ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ᄾ⚂ߩ⸃㒰ࠍ⸒ᷰߐࠇߚޕ- ߪ ޔᣣߩળ⼏ߦవ┙ߞߡޔ5 ߇ផㅴߒࠃ߁ ߣߒߡࠆ᭴ㅧᡷ㕟߮ੱຬᷫࡊࡠࠣࡓߪ㓹↪㑐ㅪᴺߩᴺᓞ⟵ോ㆑ߦᛶ⸅ߔࠆ߅ߘ ࠇ߇ࠆߎߣࠍㅢ๔ߒߡߚޕ - ߪޔ2 ࠍㅢߓߡ 5 ߩࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ᄾ⚂ࠍ⺧ߌ⽶ߞߡࠆ߽ߩߩ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩ⸃㉼ߢ ߪ - ߪഭ⠪ߢ 5 ߪ↪⠪ߢࠆߣਥᒛߒߚߦࠇߎޕኻߒޔ2 ߽ 5 ߽ޔ- ߇ߎߩᄾ⚂ߦ߅ ߡ - ߇ 5 ߩഭ⠪ߢࠆߎߣࠍุቯߒߚߢޔ- ߪ⚻༡࠴ࡓ߇ਥዉߔࠆ᭴ㅧᡷ㕟ࡊࡠࠫࠚ ࠢ࠻ߦෳടߔࠆߚߩᾲᗧߣᗧᔒߦᰳߌ⦟ߡߒ࠻ࡦ࠲࡞ࠨࡦࠦޔශ⽎ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߦᄬᢌ ߒߚ߆ࠄᄾ⚂ࠍ⸃㒰ߐࠇߚߩߛߣਥᒛߒߚߩߘޕᓟ߽ਔ␠ߪޔ- ߩᄾ⚂⸃㒰ߩℂ↱ࠍ - ߩ ⵝ߿ࡏ࠺ࠖࡦࠥࠫߥߤߩශ⽎ߘߩઁ - ߣ 5 ߩߩ⋧ޟᕈ߇ޠᄾ⚂⸃㒰ߩਥߥℂ↱ߢ ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚޕ ߐࠄߦ - ߪޔ5 ߩળ㐳߇ផㅴߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡߚੱຬᷫࡊࡠࠣࡓߪᓐߩ⼂ߢߪㅢᏱߩ 㓹↪ᮭᴺ߇㓚ߔࠆੱຬᷫߩߚߩ᭽ߥޘᴺ⊛⟵ോߩࡊࡠࠬࠍ〯ࠎߢߥߣਥᒛߒ ߚߦࠇߎޕኻߒ 5 ߩળ㐳ߪޔ⍴ᦼ㑆ߩࠦࠬ࠻ᷫߩߚߦᔅⷐએߩੱຬࠍᷫߒޔᔅⷐߢ ࠆߥࠄᓟߦ৻ㇱߩᓥᬺຬࠍౣ㓹↪ߔࠆ੍ቯߢࠆߣਥᒛߒߚ߇ޔ- ߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥᚻ⛯ࠍข ࠇ߫ 5 ߪਇᒰ⸃㓹ߢᓥᬺຬ߆ࠄ⸷߃ࠄࠇࠆ߅ߘࠇ߇ࠅޔ5 ߩ᧪ߩᴺ⊛ࠬࠢࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠇ ߫ᦨༀ╷ߢࠆߣߪ⸒߃ߥߣਥᒛߒߚޕ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߮㓹↪ክ್ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߪޔ-߇⋉㐿␜ᴺߩޟഭ⠪ ޠYQTMGTߢࠆߎ ߣߪߚ߽ߩߩޔ-߇5ߩળ㐳ߦㅢ๔ߒߚߎߣߪ⋉ᖱႎߩ㐿␜ߦߪᒰߖߕߛߚޔනߦ5 ߩળ㐳ߦኻߒߡࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩㆀⴕߦࠃࠅޔ᧪ߎࠅ߁ࠆᴺ⊛ࠬࠢࠍ⺑ߒߚ߹ߢߢ ࠆߣ್ቯߒߚޔߚ߹ޕਔⵙ್ᚲߪޔ-߇╙৻ߩ↪⠪ߢࠆ2ߦ߽ߘࠇએᄖߩ⠪ߦ߽ߎߩᖱႎ ࠍ㐿␜ߒߡ߅ࠄߕߚ߹ޔ5ߪᔅߕߒ੍߽ቯߒߡࠆࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍㆀⴕߒߡᴺᓞ㆑ࠍ‽ߔ ߣߪ㒢ࠄߥߣߒߡޔ-ߩ5ߦኻߔࠆࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬ ᧪ߩ5␠ߩᴺᓞ㆑ߩน⢻ᕈ߇ߦ⼔ޟ ୯ߔࠆ㐿␜ߡߒߣߚ߇⸒ߪߣࠆߢޠළਅߔࠆߦ⥋ߞߚ⋉ޔߪ್ߩߎޔߒߛߚޕ㐿 ␜ᴺߩ⿰ᣦߦၮߠߌ߫↪ޔ⠪ 5ߦࠃࠆᴺᓞ㆑߇᧪ߎࠅ߁ࠆߣㅢႎ⠪-߇วℂ⊛ߦା ߓߡࠇ߫ߘࠇߢචಽߢޔታ㓙ߦਇᱜߩታ߇ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪޔ㐿␜⠪-ߩ⼔ߦᔅⷐߥⷐ ઙߢߪߥߣᛕ್ࠍᶎ߮ߚ ޕᓟߦߎߩ್ߪᰴߦㅀߴࠆ$CDWNCX9CNVJCO(QTGUV%QNNGIG ߩ=⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߩⵙቯߢⷒߐࠇߡࠆޕ δ 㐿␜⠪ߪ㐿␜ߒߚᖱႎ߇ታ㓙ߦೃᴺ㆑ߪ᳃ᴺߩਇᱜⴕὑߢࠆ߆ߤ߁߆⸽ 94 Employment Appeal Tribunal, [2003] UKEAT 0360_03_2011 95 Lewis, D. (2008) 54 ߔࠆ⟵ോߪߥߊޔ㐿␜⠪߇วℂ⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߣାߓߡࠇ߫㐿␜⠪ߪ⼔ߐࠇࠆߣ ߐࠇߚ 㧦=⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߦ߅ߌࠆవࠍⷒߔⵙቯ 㧦$CDWNCX9CNVJCO(QTGUV%QNNGIG=?'9%#%KX ☨࿖☋ߩේ๔ $CDWNC㧔$㧕ߪⵍޔ๔ߢࠆ 9CNVJCO(QTGUV%QNNGIG㧔9㧕ߦ⻠Ꮷߣߒߡൕ ോߒߡߚޕ$ ߪޔᓐߩ೨છ⠪߇ࠢࠬࠍਃߟߩࠣ࡞ࡊ ࠗࠬࡓᢎᓤߩੱ⊕ޔੱࡗ࠳࡙ޔ ᰷Ꮊੱߦಽ㘃ߒࡓࠬࠗޔᢎᓤએᄖߩࠣ࡞ࡊࠍోߊήⷞߔࠆߣหᤨߦࡓࠬࠗޔᢎᓤߩ ↢ᓤߚߜߦኻߒߡߪ ᐕ ᣣߩ࠾ࡘ࡛ࠢߩ⇇⾏ᤃࡦ࠲ࡆ࡞⎕ઙ࠹ࡠ ࠍኈߒޔห᭽ߩઙ߇ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢ߽ߎࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡࠆߣߒߡࠆߎߣࠍቇ㐳 ߦႎ๔ߒߚޔߒ߆ߒޕቇ㐳߇ోߊߩⴕേ߽ߐߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ৻ߩߎޔઙࠍ %+# ߮ ($+ ߦ ㅢႎߔࠆߣหᤨߦ 9CNVJCOUVQY ⼊ኤ⟑ߦ߽ㅢႎߒߚޕ$ ߪߎࠇࠄߩ⋉㐿␜ߩߚߦ 9 ߆ࠄ ᭽ߥޘജࠍฃߌߥ⊛⊒⥄ޔㄉછߦㅊㄟ߹ࠇߚߣਥᒛߒ⋉ޔ㐿␜ࠍߒߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ⥄ޔ ಽࠍㄉછߦㅊ߿ߞߚ 9 ߩⴕേߪਇᒰߢࠆߣ⸷߃ߚޕ $ ߪ↪ޔ⠪ߩᴺᓞ㆑ߣߒߡޔᐨ⦟ଶ㆑ ੱ⒳㑆ߩᘾᖡࠍഥ㐳ߔࠆߚߩ⢿ㄼ⊛ߥ⸒ േߩኈߣᴺᓞㆩ㆑ ߚ߹ޔ9 ߇ੱ⒳㑆ߩᐔ╬߮ᯏળဋ╬ᴺࠍㆩߒߥ߆ߞߚ⟋ࠍ ߍߚޕ9 ߪ -TCWUX2GPPC ߩࠍᩮߣߒߡޔᒰᤨ $ ߇ሽߔࠆߣାߓߡߚ 9 ߇⼔ߔ ߴ߈ቬᢎߩℂ↱ߦၮߠߡᏅߐࠇߥߣ߁ᯏળߩᐔ╬⏕߮ੱ⒳ᘾᖡࠍഥ㐳ߔࠆ ߎߣࠍᱛߔࠆ⚵❱ߩᴺ⊛⟵ോߪታ㓙ߦߪሽߖߕޔ$ ߩⴕߞߚ㐿␜ߪㆡᩰᕈߩࠆ⼔ޔ ߐࠇࠆ㐿␜ߣߪ⸒߃ߥߣਥᒛߒߚޔߚ߹ޕ9 ߪޔ$ ߇☋ߒߡߚᒰᤨޔ೨છ⠪߇↢ᓤࠍ ࠗࠬࡓ㕖ࠗࠬࡓᢎᓤߦಽߌߡᢎ߃ޔቬᢎࠍ↪ߒߡੱ⒳ᘾᖡࠍഥ㐳ߒߚ⸒േ߽ᒰᤨߩ ⧷࿖ߢߪ‽⟋ߢߪߥߊ ߚ߹ޔ9 ߇ផㅴߔߴ߈ੱ⒳ᐔ╬߮ᯏળဋ╬ߩᴺ⊛⟵ോ߽ቬᢎߩᏅ ߹ߢߪࠞࡃߒߡߥߣਥᒛߒߚޕ ታ㓙ޔᓟߦ⧷࿖ߩᴺᓞߢ‽⟋ߣߐࠇߚቬᢎࠍ↪ߒߚੱ⒳ᘾᖡࠍഥ㐳ߔࠆ⟋ߪᒰᤨ߹ߛᣉ ⴕߐࠇߡߥ߆ߞߚߚޔ$ ߩ⸷߃ߪ㓹↪ክ್ߦ߅ߡήലߣߐࠇޔ㓹↪ክ್ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲ߽ $ ߩ⸷ࠍළਅߒߚޕ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ=ޔ⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲ 'PINCPFCPF9CNGU%QWTVQH#RRGCN㧦'9%#ߪޔ$ ߩߐ ࠄߥࠆ๔ࠍ⸵นߒޔ9CNN 㜞╬ⵙ್ቭߪޔ㓹↪ᮭᴺ ᧦ $ ߪ⋉㐿␜⠪߇วℂ⊛ߦ⌀ታߢ ࠆߣାߓߡࠇ߫ߘࠇߢࠃߊ&ޔCTPVQPX7PKXGTUKV[QH5WTTG[=?+4.4 ߩ್ ߢ␜ߐࠇߚࠃ߁ߦޔวℂ⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߣାߓߡߡ߽⏕ߩߘޔା߇㑆㆑ߢࠆߎߣ߽ච ಽࠅߩߘޔ႐วߢ߽ߘߩ㐿␜ߪ⼔ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠆߣߒߚޔߚ߹ޕᴺᓞߩᢥ⸒߇ᅤታߦ ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔታ㓙ߦߘߩ‽⟋߮ਇᱜⴕὑ߇ᣢߦߎߞߡࠆߎߣㅢႎߔࠆߎߣ߇ⷐઙߢߪ ߥߊߩߘޔਇᱜⴕὑ‽⟋߇᧪ߎࠅ߃ࠆߣ߁⏕ା߇ࠇ߫ߘࠇߢࠃߣਥᒛߒߚߐޕ ࠄߦ=ޔ⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߪ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩᧄ᧪ߩ⿰ᣦߪ⽿ޔછߩࠆ⋉㐿␜ࠍଦߔߩ߇ߘ ߩ╷⋡⊛ߢࠅ⋉ޔ㐿␜⠪ߦߤ߁߁ታ߇ታ㓙ߦೃᴺߦᛶ⸅ߔࠆ߆ߣ߁‽⟋ߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ⚦ߥᴺᓞ⍮⼂ࠍᜬߜวࠊߖߡࠆߎߣ߹ߢ߽ᦼᓙߒߡߥߩߢࠆߣߒߚޔߪߢߎߎޕ 㐿␜⠪߇⍮ࠅ߃ߚ೨છ⻠Ꮷߩቬᢎ࠹ࡠߦ㑐ߔࠆਇⓏߥ⸒േ߇‽⟋ߢࠆߣାߓߡࠇ߫ච ಽߢޔታ㓙ߦߘࠇ߇ೃᴺߩ‽⟋ߢࠆߣ⏕ାߔࠆߚߩᴺᓞ⍮⼂ࠍ㐿␜⠪ߦ᳞ࠆߎߣߪ 96 http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/reports/article1662486.ece 55 ታ⊛ߢߪߥߊ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩᧄ᧪ߩ⿰ᣦߦߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆߣߒߚޕ ߎߩ=⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߩ್ᢿߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺ ᧦$ Cࠇࠊⴕޔߣߎߚࠇࠊⴕ߇⟋‽ޟ ߡࠆߎߣޔߪⴕࠊࠇࠆน⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߎߣޠ߮ Dࠆޟ⠪߇ㆩߔߴ߈ᴺ⊛⟵ോߦ㆑ ߒߚߎߣޔ㆑ߒߡࠆߎߣޔߪ㆑ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߩ㜞ߎߣޔߪ㉼⸃ߩޠ㐿␜⠪ߦࠃࠅ 㐿␜ߐࠇߚᖱႎ߇ታ㓙ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߎߣ߹ߢⷐ᳞ߒߡࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߊޔᓐ߇⌀ታߣାߓߡ ߡߩߘޔߟ߆ޔ㐿␜ⴕὑߦࠃࠅޔ㐿␜⠪߇㓹↪ᮭᴺ $᧦ߩਇᒰ⸃㓹߮⡯႐ߢߩਇ⋉ ߥᛒࠍฃߌߡࠇ߫⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊ⼔ࠍฃߌࠆᮭ߇ࠆߣ߁߽ߩߢࠆ ޕ ߔߥࠊߜߩߘޔ㐿␜ߐࠇߚᖱႎ߇ታߢࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪޔታ㓙ߦ㐿␜⠪߇ߘࠇ߇⌀ታߢ ࠆߣାߓߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ⍮ࠆߚߦ↪ߢࠆߣߪ߃⋉߇ࠇߘޔ㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߡ ⼔ࠍฃߌࠆߚߦᔅⷐߥⷐઙߢࠆߣߪ߃ߥߣⵙቯߒߚ↹ᦼ⊛ߥ್ߢࠆޕ ε ⋉ㅢႎ⠪߇ㅌ⡯ᓟߦฃߌߚਇ⋉ߥᛒߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘ 㧦9QQFYCTFX#DDG[0CVKQPCN2NE=?+4.4 #DDG[0CVKQPCN ㌁ⴕߪ ޔᐕઍߩೋߩ ᐕඨߩ㑆ޔ9QQFYCTF ᄦੱ㧔9㧕ࠍⴕౝߢࡦ ࠢߩ㜞ࡐࠬ࠻ ㊄Ⲣㇱㇱ㐳ߦណ↪ߒߡߚޕ9 ߪߘߩ⡯ਛޔᐲ߆㌁ⴕߩ⾗㊄ߩᛒޔ ⡯ോߩ୶ℂ㆑ޔᴺᓞߩㆩߥߤߦ㗴߇ࠆߎߣࠍหߦᜰ៰ߒߡߚޕ 9 ߇ㅌ⡯ᓟ⋧ᒰߩᦼ㑆߇⚻ߞߡ೨↪⠪ߩ㌁ⴕ߆ࠄฃߌߚߣਥᒛߔࠆਇ⋉ߩ৻ߟߪޔㅌ ⡯ᓟߦ᧪ߩዞ⡯ߦᒰߚߞߡߩ 9 ߳ߩផ⮈⁁ࠍ #DDG[0CVKQPCN ㌁ⴕ߇⊒ⴕߒߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ ߢࠆޕ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߣ㓹↪ክ್ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߪᧄ߽ࠇߕޔઙ߇ⵙ್ᚲߩ⟵ോߩ▤ロᄖߢࠆߣߩℂ ↱ߢߎࠇ߹ߢ 9 ߦ⡬⡞ߩᯏળࠍਈ߃ߡߥ߆ߞߚߦࠇߎޕኻߒ=ޔ⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߪޔㅌ⡯ ᓟߦ⋉㐿␜ߩߚߦਇ⋉ࠍⵍߞߚߣߔࠆ 9 ߩ⸷߃ࠍ⡞ߊ⟵ോ߇ࠆߣ߁ᣂߒ್ᢿࠍ ␜ߒߚޕ ߹ߚ=ޔ⚖?ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߦࠃࠆ㐿␜⠪ߩ⼔߇ㅌ⡯ᓟߩᛒߦ߅ߡ߽ ലߢࠆߣߩ↹ᦼ⊛ߥ್ᢿࠍߒߚ㧔ߎߩ್એ೨ߪޔㅌ⡯ᓟߦએ೨ߩ↪⠪߆ࠄฃߌߚߣߐ ࠇࠆ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆਇ⋉ߥᛒߪ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊਇᒰᏅߩߣߒߡ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩ ኻ⽎ߢࠆߣࠄࠇߡߥ߆ߞߚޕ㧕↪ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ⠪߇ㅌ⡯ᓟ⋉㐿␜⠪ߦኻߒߡ ౣዞ⡯ߩߚߩផ⮈⁁ߩ⊒ⴕࠍᜎุߔࠆ ߣ߁ਇߥᛒߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩᱛߔࠆⴕὑ ߦᒰߔࠆߣߒ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߪ㓹↪ߦ߅ߌࠆᏅ᠗ᑄᴺߣ⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆߎߣࠍౣ⏕ߒߚޕ ߥ߅ޔ#DDG[0CVKQPCN ㌁ⴕߪޔ9 ߇ᜰ៰ߒߚ㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᢿ࿕ߣߒߡุቯߒߡ߅ࠅߎޔ ߩᜰ៰߇⌀ታߢߞߚ߆ߪߎߩⵙ್ߢߪ್ᢿߐࠇߡߥޕ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲߦߟߡߩቇ⺑ߩ⼏⺰ ⧷࿖ߩࠦࡕࡦࡠߪޔᚲዻߔࠆ⚵❱ߩᖱႎࠍ ᯏኒ㗄ߢߥ߆ߞߚߣߒߡ߽ᄖㇱߦ㐿␜ 97 Lewis, D. (2008). Ten Years of Public Interest Disclosure Legislation in the UK: Are Whistleblowers Adequately Protected? Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 497-507 98 England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Decisions[ޔ2006] EWCA Civ 822 99 ⧷☨ߦ߅ߡߪዞ⡯ᤨߦ೨⡯ߩมߥߤ߆ࠄផ⮈⁁ࠍ⊒ⴕߒߡ߽ࠄ߁ߩ߇ㅢߣߥߞߡࠆޕ 56 ߔࠆᮭࠍഭ⠪ߦኻߒߡਈ߃ߡߥ ⋉ޕ㐿␜ᴺߪޔ㓹↪ᄾ⚂ߦ߅ߌࠆᒰ⠪㑆ߩᯏ ኒᜬ ᳃㑆ߩ⋉VJGRTKXCVGKPVGTGUVߩේೣ߇ࠍࠇߘޔ࿁ࠆߩ⋉ VJGRWDNKE KPVGTGUVߩሽߦࠃߞߡุቯߐࠇޔ㐿␜߇⼔ߐࠇࠆߣ߁᭴ㅧߦߥߞߡࠆ ޕ ߹ߚ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߪޔഭ⠪ߦࠃࠆᖱႎ㐿␜ߦ⼔߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆⷐઙࠍޔᖱႎߩ㐿␜వߦ ࠃߞߡ❱⚵ޔౝㇱ߳ߩᖱႎ㐿␜߆ࠄᄖㇱ߳ߩ㐿␜ߣᲑ㓏⊛ߦ⼔ߩⷐઙࠍ෩ߒߊߔࠆ⚵ߺ ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ❱⚵ࠅࠃߦࠇߎޔౝㇱߩㅢႎߦኻߔࠆࠗࡦࡦ࠹ࠖࡉࠍഭ⠪ߦਈ߃ߡࠆޕ ߐࠄߦޔᄖㇱᯏ㑐ߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ߩ႐วߪޔ೨ߦഭ⠪߇⚵❱ౝㇱߦኻߒߡౝㇱㅢႎᚻ⛯ ߦᓥߞߡᖱႎࠍ㐿␜ߒߚ߆ߤ߁߆ߩߘޔ႐วߦ↪⠪߇ㆡಾߥኻᔕࠍߒߚ߆ߤ߁߆ޔഭ⠪ ߇ౝㇱ߳ߩ㐿␜ࠍⴕߞߡߥ႐วߦ↪⠪ߦኻߔࠆ㐿␜ࠍⴕ߃߫↪⠪߆ࠄਇ⋉ࠍฃ ߌࠆߣวℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆╬߇ޔ㐿␜ߩวℂᕈࠍ್ᢿߔࠆ᧚ᢱߣߥߞߡࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߪ↪ޔ⠪ߦኻߒޔౝㇱㅢႎᚻ⛯ᐲࠍ⸳ߌߡഭ⠪ߩౝㇱㅢ ႎߦㆡಾߦኻᔕߒߥߌࠇ߫ߩ❱⚵ߩߘޔਇᱜ߇ᄖㇱᯏ㑐ߦ㐿␜ߐࠇޔᴺ⊛ߦ⼔ߐࠇࠆߣ ߁ࡊ࠶ࠪࡖࠍ߆ߌࠆ߽ߩߢࠅޔౝㇱㅢႎᐲࠍ⥄ਥ⊛ߦᢛߔࠆߎߣࠍ⚵❱ߦଦߔࠦ ࡐ࠻ࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬဳࡕ࠺࡞ߣ߫ࠇߡࠆ ߩ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޕὐߪ⺈ޔᗧࠆ↪⠪ ߇⚵❱ౝߩਇᱜ߿ోᕈߥߤߢ㗴ߩࠆഭᘠⴕߥߤࠍᄖㇱߦߔࠆߎߣߥߊࠄ⥄ޔᤚ ᱜߔࠆᯏળࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߦࠆ ޕ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄߩߘޔ㕙ޔਇ⺈ታߥ↪⠪ߦ⚵❱ౝߩਇᱜⴕὑࠍ㓝⭁ߔࠆᯏળࠍਈ߃ࠆ߅ ߘࠇ߇ࠆߣߩᰳὐ߇ࠆ ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕෂ㒾ᕈߪޔᴺᓞቯᤨߦ߽චಽ⼂ߐࠇߡߚߣ ߎࠈߢࠅߦߚߩߘޔഭ⠪ߦߪᄖㇱㅢႎߩᯏળ߽ਈ߃ࠄࠇߡࠆߩߢࠆ߇ ߩߎޔ႐ วߦഭ⠪߇⋉㐿␜ᴺߦࠃߞߡචಽߦ⼔ߐࠇߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߇ᦨᄢߩ⺖㗴ߢࠆ ߥޕ ߗߥࠄޔవߦㅀߴߚࠦࡕࡦࡠߦ߅ߌࠆഭ⠪߇ⴕ߁ᖱႎߩ㐿␜߳ߩ⼔ߩⷐઙߩ⠨߃ᣇ ߇ߎߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩㆇ↪ߦ߽ᤋߐࠇࠆࠇߐ⼔ޔ㐿␜ᖱႎߪⷐޠ߈ߴࠆࠇߐ⼔ޟઙࠍḩ ߚߒߚޟㆡᩰߥ㐿␜ޔߚࠆߡࠇߐߣߺߩޠ㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߮⚖ⵙ್ᚲߦ߅ߡߎߩੑߟ ߩⷐઙߩ⸃㉼ࠍᎼߞߡߣߥࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆ ޕ ߃߫ޔ㓹↪ᮭᴺ ⋉㐿␜ᴺ*᧦ߦࠆ↪⠪߇㕖Ᏹߦᷓೞߥᬺോ㆑ࠍⴕߞߡࠆ ߣ್ᢿߒߚ႐วߩഭ⠪ߦࠃࠆᄖㇱ߳ߩᖱႎ㐿␜ߪ⼔ߐࠇࠆ߆ุ߆ߩⵙቯ߇㗴ߣߥࠆޕ ⸥ߩ#.//GFKECN5GTXKEGUX$NCPFQP=?'9%#%KX߮$CDWNCX9CNVJCO(QTGUV%QNNGIG =?'9%#%KX ߩ್ߢߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜⠪ߩᄖㇱㅢႎ߇⼔ߐࠇࠆߣ್ቯߐࠇߚ߇ޔ 'XGTGVVX/K[CPQ%CTG5GTXKEGU=?'6 ߩห᭽ߩࠤࠬߢߪ⼔ߐࠇߥ ߣ್ᢿߐࠇߚޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕഭ⠪ߪޔ߇⼔ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ㆡᩰߥ㐿␜ߢࠆ߆ߦߟߡ㐿 ␜ᓟߦ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩ್ᢿߢߒ߆⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ ޔߚ߹ޕ㓹↪ᮭᴺ $᧦ߩޟഭ⠪߇ ↪⠪ߩਇᱜ߮ਇㆡᩰߥᬺോࠍⴕߞߡࠆߪߎࠅ߁ࠆߎߣࠍวℂ⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߣ 100 Lewis (2008) 101 ห 102 Vandekerckhove, W. (2006). Whistleblowing and organizational social responsibility : a global assessment. Aldershot ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. 103 Vickers, L. (2000). Whistling in the wind? The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998. Legal Studies, 20(3), 428-444. 104 ห 105 ห 106 Lewis (2008); Lewis (2005). 107 Lewis (2008) 108 ห 57 ାߓߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ޔ߽ߡߟߦޠవㅀߩ-TCWUX2GPPC=?+4.4 ߮$CDWNCX 9CNVJCO(QTGUV%QNNGIG=?'9%#%KX ߩὐߣߥࠅޔ⚖ክߪਅ⚖ክߣ⇣ߥߞߚ್ ᢿࠍߒߚޕ ታ㓙ߦⴕࠊࠇߚᖱႎߩ㐿␜߇⌀ታߢߥ߆ߞߚ႐ว⺈ޔᗧࠆ㐿␜⠪ߪᙗᴺߩ․ᮭߦࠃߞ ߡ↪ޔ⠪߆ࠄߩฬᲛ៊ߩ⸷߃ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᴺᑨߢ⽿ߐࠇ߁ࠆߢࠈ߁ߣߩ⸃㉼߽ߥߐࠇ ߡࠆ߇ޔ㐿␜ࠍⴕߞߚഭ⠪߇ฬᲛ៊ߩ⸷⸩ߦ߅ߡ⏕ታߦ⼔ߐࠇࠆߣ߁㓚ߪߥ ޕታ㓙↥ޔᬺ⇇ߩ⋉ࠍઍߔࠆ⧷࿖ᦨᄢߩ⚻༡⠪ࡠࡆ࿅ߢࠆ⧷࿖↥ᬺㅪ⋖ %QPHGFGTCVKQPQH$TKVKUJ+PFWUVT[㧦%$+ߪޔᓟߦ⚦ߔࠆࡆࠫࡀࠬ㕟ᣂࠬࠠ࡞⋭ &GRCTVOGPVHQT$WUKPGUUޔ+PPQXCVKQPCPF5MKNNUޔએਅޟ$+5ߩޕ߁ߣޠᴺᚻ⛯ᡷᱜ ߩឭ᩺ 㓹↪ክ್ᚻ⛯ߦࠃࠆ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊ⼔ࠍ᳞ߚ㐿␜⠪ߩ㐿␜ᖱႎߦߟߡޔ 㑐ㅪᜰቯᯏ㑐ߦႎ๔ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦ㐿␜⠪߇หᗧߔࠆ߆ุ߆ߩ㗄⋡ࠍޔ㓹↪ክ್↳┙ᦠߦㅊട ߔࠆߎߣߦኻߒޔ㓹↪ክ್↳┙ᦠߩਛߦޔ ޟ㐿␜⠪ߪ㐿␜ᖱႎ߇ታߢߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߦߪฬ Მ៊ߢ⸷߃ࠄࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆޠᣦߩ⼊๔߽หᤨߦࠆߴ߈ߛߣਥᒛߒߡࠆ ߩߎޕ ὐߦߟ߈ޔ$+5ߪ⺈ޔᗧࠆ㐿␜⠪ߪ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩ⿰ᣦߦၮߠߊ․ᮭߦࠃߞߡㅢᏱߪᴺᓞ ⼔ߐࠇࠆߣߎࠈ⼊ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ๔ࠍㅊടߔࠆᔅⷐߪߥߣ࿁╵ߒߡࠆ ޕ ㅢႎ⓹ญߩ⸳⟎ޔㅢႎ⠪⼔ߩᡰេޔᐲߩ⍮ᐢႎᵴേ ࠕ ㅢႎ⓹ญߩ⸳⟎ߣߘߩ⺖㗴 ⋉㐿␜ᴺࠍ▤ロߔࠆ$+5ߪߦ⋉ޔ୯ߔࠆ㐿␜ࠍ⼔ଦㅴߔࠆߚޔ$+5߮⧷࿖ᐭ ߇▤ℂߔࠆⴕߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎឭଏࠨࠗ࠻$WUKPGUU.KPM ߮&KTGEV)QX ߦ߅ߡ⋉ޔ㐿 ␜ᐲߣ㐿␜⠪ߩ㓹↪ߩ⼔߮⋧⺣వߥߤߩ๔⍮ࠍⴕߞߡࠆ ޕ ߹ߚ ޔᐕએ᧪↥ޔᬺ߮ᛛⴚⷙᩰࠍᚑߒ⇇ ࠞ࿖ߦ⽼ᄁߒߡࠆ$TKVKUJ 5VCPFCTF)TQWR $5+ߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺᣉⴕ ᐕࠍ⸥ᔨߒߡ2%C9ߣหߢ⚵❱ડᬺߦ߅ ߌࠆ⋉㐿␜ߦ㑐ߔࠆᐲߩᢛߩߚߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߢࠆ ޔ9JKUVNGDNQYKPI #TTCPIGOGPVU%QFGQH2TCEVKEGࠍ⊒ߒߚޕหࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߪޔ$5+ߩࠨࠗ࠻ߦ߅ߡήఘ ߢ࠳࠙ࡦࡠ࠼ߢ߈ࠆ ޕ ℂᗐ⊛ߥ⚵❱ߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩࠅᣇࠍផㅴߒࠅࠃޔㅘߢࠝࡊࡦߥ⚵❱⚻༡ߩߚߩ ࠷࡞ߣߒߡ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᐲߩᓎഀ߇߹ߔ߹ߔ㊀ⷐߦߥߞߡࠆਛߢޔหࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߪ ᐭࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ߮࠴ࡖ࠹ࠖ࿅ߥߤ᭽৻߇❱⚵ߥޘቯߩⷙ▸ߦᴪߞߡ⁛⥄ߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦ ࠍᚑߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⋉㐿␜ᐲߩ⚫ޔᡷᱜޔലᨐ⊛ߥ⋉㐿␜ᐲߩ⸳⟎ᣇᴺߦߟߡ 109 Lewis (2005) 110 Department for Business Innovation and Skills (2009) 111 ห 112 http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?r.lc=en&type=RESOURCES&itemId=1082104950&r.s=sl 113 http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/ResolvingWorkplaceDisputes/Whistleblowingintheworkplace/index.htm 114 http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/employment/employment-legislation/employment-guidance/page16186.html 115 http://www.bsigroup.com/en/sectorsandservices/Forms/PAS-19982008-Whistleblowing/ 58 ឭ໒ߒߡࠆ ޕ ߚߛߒޔ$5+ ߩࠨࠗ࠻ߦ⸥ߐࠇߡࠆࠃ߁ߦޔหࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߪߊ߹ߢ߽⚵❱࿅ ߇⥄⊒⊛߆ߟછᗧߦ⚵❱ౝߢ⋉㐿␜ᐲࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆߚߦ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩ⿰ᣦߦᴪߞߡⷙ ▸ࠍߞߚߛߌߢߢࠅޔᴺߘߩ߽ߩߢߪߥޕ ታ㓙ߦ⋉㐿␜ᐲࠍలታߐߖࠆߚߦߪޔ㐿␜⠪߇ᔃߒߡ⚵❱ߩਇᱜࠍ㐿␜ߢ߈ࠆࠃ ߁ߦޔ㐿␜⠪ߩ⒁ኒ߇ࠄࠇࠆ⋧⺣⓹ญ 㔚ࡎ࠶࠻ࠗࡦߥߤߩᢛ߇ਇนᰳߢࠆޕ ⧷ޔ࿖ᐭߪޔᣇᐭ߿࿖᳃ක≮ᐲ VJG0CVKQPCN*GCNVJ5GTXKEG0*5ߦ߅ߌ ࠆ⋉㐿␜ᐲߩࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆࡆࡘࠍޔᄖㇱ⋙ᩏߦࠃߞߡផㅴߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆޕ ߹ߚޔᐭ㑐ଥᯏ㑐એᄖߩ⚵❱ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋉㐿␜ᐲߩᢛߦߟߡߪޔᐭ߮㑐ଥ⻉ ࿅ߪޔ$5+߇ᚑߒߚ⋉㐿␜ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߩⷙ▸ࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞ ߡޔฦ⚵❱߇␠ળ⊛⽿છ %QTRQTCVG5QEKCN4GURQPUKDKNKV[%54ߣ߁⺖㗴ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ ⚵❱ౝߩ⋉㐿␜ᐲࠍᢛߔࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡࠆ ߩߎޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ$5+ߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗ ࡦߪ❱⚵ޔౝߩ⋉㐿␜ᐲߩᢛߩផㅴߦߪ↪ߢߪࠆ߽ߩߩ ߣࠅࠊߌߘࠇ߇ഭ⚵ ว߿㕖༡⚵❱ߦࠃߞߡ⋙ⷞߐࠇߡࠆ႐วߩࡦࠗ࠼ࠗࠟࠅߪ߿ޔሽߘߩ߽ߩ߇ല ߥᴺᓞߩઍᦧ‛ߣߺߥߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߪߥߣߩኾ㐷ኅߩ⸃߇ࠆ ޕ ࡆࠫࡀࠬ୶ℂ⎇ⓥᚲ +PUVKVWVGQH$WUKPGUU'VJKEU㧦+$'߇ ᐕߦ⺞ᩏࠍⴕޔ ᐕߦ⊒ߒߚႎ๔ᦠޡ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ୶ℂߦኻߔࠆഭ⠪ߩᗧ㧦 ᐕᐲో࿖⺞ᩏ 'ORNQ[GG 8KGYUQH'VJKEUCV9QTM6JG0CVKQPCN5WTXG[ޔߣࠆࠃߦޢഭ⠪ߩ ੱߦ ੱ߇ ⡯႐ߩਇᱜߦ᳇ઃ߈ߜ߁ߩߘޔඨᢙએ 㧑߇ᴉ㤩ࠍߞߡࠆߣ߁ ޕ ߹ߚ ޔᐕߦ⊒ߐࠇߚࡠࡦ࠼ࡦࠪ࠹ࠖߩ'XGTUJGFUᴺᓞോᚲߩ⺞ᩏႎ๔ߦࠃࠆߣޔ ⧷࿖ߢዉ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡࠆ⾔ᴺߦ㑐ߒ⺞ޔᩏኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚડᬺߩ߁ߜ ␠ߦ ␠ ߇⾔ߦኻߔࠆ␠ౝߩኻᔕ╷ࠍ⻠ߓߡ߅ࠄߕߚ߹ޔข✦ᓎߩ ੱߦ ੱ߇⾔ᴺߦ㆑ߒ ߚ႐วߦ ᐕߩᙼᓎೃࠍ⺖ߖࠄࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆߎߣࠍ⍮ࠄߥ߆ߞߚߣ߁ ޔߦࠄߐޕ ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚ ഀߩડᬺ߇ม߮หߩ⾔ࠍ␠ౝߢㅏߒߚ႐ว߽⟋ߦߥࠆߎߣ ࠍ⍮ࠄߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߽ࠄ߆ߦߒߡࠆ ޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔડᬺ⚵❱ߩਇᱜⴕὑߩᠡṌߩߚߦߪ❱⚵ޔౝߩ⋉㐿␜ᐲࠍߐࠄߦల ታߐߖࠆᔅⷐᕈ߇ࠆ ޕ ⧷࿖ߢߪޔฦડᬺ߇ᄖㇱᯏ㑐 㧦'ZRQNKPM ␠╬ߦᆔ⸤ߒߡ⋉㐿␜ߦ㑐ߔࠆήᢱ⋧⺣ ⓹ญ ࡎ࠶࠻ࠗࡦࠍ⸳ߌߡࠆࠤࠬ߇ࠆޔ߫߃ޕᬺ⇇ᦨᄢᚻߩ'ZRQNKPM␠ߪࡠࡦ࠼ ࡦᩣᑼᏒ႐ߦ႐ߔࠆ⧷࿖ߩ ␠ (65'ߩ߁ߜߩ 㧑ߩડᬺޔᣇ⥄ᴦ⼊ޔኤ 116 http://www.bsigroup.com/en/sectorsandservices/Forms/PAS-19982008-Whistleblowing/ 117 Carr, I. M., & Lewis, D. (2009). 118 ห 119 Webley, S., & Werner, A. (2009). Employee Views of Ethics at Work: The 2008 National Survey. London: Institute of Business Ethics 120 http://press.eversheds.com/content/Detail.asp?ReleaseID=1562&NewsAreaID=2 121 ห 122 Lewis (2008) 123 http://www.expolink.co.uk/ 59 ߥߤ߆ࠄᆔ⸤ࠍฃߌߡࡎ࠶࠻ࠗࡦ⓹ญࠍ⸳ߌߡࠆޕ ᐕ ߦታᣉߐࠇߚ+PFWUVTKCN4GNCVKQPU5GTXKEGU'ORNQ[OGPV6TGPFU +45߮ 2%C9หߩ⺞ᩏ ߦࠃࠆߣޔ㧑ߩ⊛ㇱ㐷߮ 㧑ߩ᳃㑆ડᬺ߇⋉㐿␜ߩߚߩ⓹ญ ࠍ⸳ߌߡࠆߣ࿁╵ߒߡࠆޕ ᐭߩ⋧⺣⓹ญߣߒߡߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ኾ↪ߩ⓹ญߢߪߥ߇ޔ ޟഥ⸒⺞ખⵙᯏ㑐 #%#5ޠ ߇ᦐޔᣣ߆ࠄ㊄ᦐᣣߩඦ೨ ᤨ߆ࠄඦᓟ ᤨޔᦐᣣߩඦ೨ ᤨ߆ࠄඦᓟ ᤨߦޔ㔚ߦ ࠃࠆ⋧⺣ ࡋ࡞ࡊࠗࡦࠍฃߌઃߌߡࠆ ޕ#%#5ߪߎߩࡋ࡞ࡊࠗࡦࠍㅢߓߡ㓹↪ߩ࠻ ࡉ࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆೋᦼᲑ㓏ߢߩήᢱߩ⺞ࠨࡆࠬࠍឭଏߒߡࠆ ޔߚ߹ޕ#%#5ߪޔ᰷Ꮊᦨᄢ ߩੱഭോኾ㐷ኅදળߢࠆ6JG%JCTVGTGF+PUVKVWVGQH2GTUQPPGNCPF&GXGNQROGPV %+2&ޔ ᣥࡆࠫࡀࠬ↥ᬺ⋭⧷ޔ࿖ߩഭ⚵ว⹏⼏ળߢࠆ6TCFG7PKQP%QPITGUU 67%⧷ޔ࿖ߢᣇ ᐭߦઍࠊߞߡήᢱᏒ᳃⋧⺣ࠍฃߌઃߌߡࠆో࿖ࡌ࡞ߩ࠴ࡖ࠹ࠖ࿅%KVK\GPU #FXKEG$WTGCW %#$╬ߣหߢ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠻ࡉ࡞ޔ⼏ߩ⸃ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡈ࠶࠻ࠍ ᚑߒߡࠆ ޔߦࠄߐޕᐕߩ ᣣࠃࠅޔᐭߪ㓹↪ክ್ߩ೨ߦ#%#5ߦࠃࠆഥ⸒ ⺞ખⵙࠍฃߌࠇࠆߎߣࠍ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪ᧦ઙߣߒߡ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧⠪㧔⋉㐿␜⠪㧕ߦ ኻߒߡ⟵ോઃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ ޕ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߪ❱⚵ߕ߹ޔౝߢㅢႎࠍᢛߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ߅ࠅޔᐭߦࠃࠆኾ↪ ⋧⺣⓹ญߪ⸳⟎ߪߐࠇߡߥ߇⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩᚑ┙ߦะߌߡⓍᭂ⊛ߥᵴേࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ㕖 ༡࿅2%C9ߪޔ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆਇᱜߩ㐿␜ߦ㑐ߒߡޔഭ⠪ߦኻߔࠆήᢱኾ↪⋧⺣⓹ญࠍ⸳ ߌߡࠆ ޕ 2%C9ߪޔฦᬺ⠪߮࿅ߦኻߒߡኾ㐷⊛߆ࠄࡋ࡞ࡊࠗࡦߩ⸳⟎ㆇ༡╬ߦߟߡ ߩഥ⸒ࠍ✵⸠ޔឭଏߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ⋉ޔㅢႎߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ╬ࠍㅢߓߡ╷ឭ⸒ࠍⴕ߁ߥߤޔ หᴺߩᡷᱜᒝൻߦ㑐ߒ⧷ޔ࿖ߦ߅ߡᒁ߈⛯߈ਛᔃ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡࠆ ޕᒰೋ⽷ޔ ⊛ߦߪޔੱޔᘏༀା⸤ޔડᬺޔഭ⚵วߥߤߩነઃ㊄ߩߺߢㆇ༡ߐࠇߡߚ߇ ᐭߦ ࠃࠆេഥߪߥ ޔᐕએ㒠ޔડᬺߦኻߔࠆࠨࡆࠬߦࠃࠆ⋉ߩߺߢᵴേߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ ߥߞߡࠆ ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ㕖༡࿅ߢࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ⾗ޔḮߪਲߒߊ⏥ޔ⍹ߥߣߪ 㔍ޕ ⋉㐿␜ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡਇᒰ⸃㓹߿⡯႐ߢߩਇߥᛒࠍฃߌߚ⋉㐿␜⠪ߦࠃࠆ㓹↪ክ ್߳ߩ⸷߃ߩᕆჇߦ㐓ߺࠇ߫ޔᐭߦࠃࠆኾ↪⋧⺣⓹ญߩᢛ߿ޔ੍ቯߐࠇߡࠆᴺᚻ ⛯ߩᡷᱜߥߤߦࠃߞߡ⋉ޔ㐿␜߇㑐ㅪᚲロቭᐡߦࠃࠅ⊛⏕ߦಣℂߐࠇޔ⡯႐ߢਇᒰߥᛒ ࠍฃߌߚഭ⠪߇චಽߦᢇᷣߐࠇࠆ⚵ߺࠍᢛߔࠆߎߣ߇ᕆോߢࠆߣᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆᚲએ 124 IRS. (1999). Don't shoot the messenger. IRS Employment Review, 685, 7-16. 125 http://www.acas.org.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=1626 126 ห 127 ห 128 ห 129 http://www.pcaw.co.uk/aboutus/aboutus.htm 130 ห 131 ห 60 ߢࠆ ޕ ࠗ ࠣࡃࡦࠬߣ㐿㐿␜ߩ㑐ଥ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩㆡ↪ߪޔ㓹↪ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠻ࡉ࡞⸃ߩߚߩ㓹↪ክ್ߩਛߢขࠅᛒࠊࠇࠆ߇ޔ ) ࠬࡦࡃࠣޟTKGXCPEGഭ㑆⧰ᖱ↳┙ߡᐲߩߘޔߪޠ೨Ბ㓏ߦߚࠆ㕖ᑼߩഭ ⠪ߦࠃࠆᴺቯߩ㓹↪ߩ⻉ᮭߦ㑐ߔࠆ㓹↪ਥߩਇᒰߥᛒߦߟߡߩ⧰ᖱ↳┙ᚻ⛯ߩߎ ߣߢࠅޔᴺᓞߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߢߪߥޕ ߒߚ߇ߞߡߡ┙↳ޔઙᢙߥߤߩౕ⊛ߥ࠺࠲ߪߥޔߒߛߚޕవߦㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㓹↪ክ ್ߩᕆჇߦߞߡޔ#%#5ߪࠣࡃࡦࠬߩᵴ↪ࠍᘤᘊߔࠆߚޔ ޡ#%#5ታᣉࠦ࠼ ޢ6JG#%#5 %QFGQH2TCEVKEGߦ߅ߡࠣࡃࡦࠬߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦࠍⷙቯߒߡࠆઁޕᣇ⧷ޔ࿖ᐭ ߇ડᬺะߌߦᚑߒߚᖱႎࠨࠗ࠻ߢࠆ$WUKPGUU.KPM JVVRYYYDWUKPGUUNKPMIQXWM ߪޔഭ⠪ߪ⋉ᖱႎߩ㐿␜ߦᒰߚࠅޔᔅߕߒ߽ࠣࡃࡦࠬߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ↪ߔࠆᔅⷐߪ ߥߣ⺑ߒߡࠆ ޕ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩ⿰ᣦࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠇ߫ޔ⊛ഭઙ⚗ߩᢇᷣᣇᴺߢࠆࠣࡃࡦࠬࠍ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩⵍኂ⠪ߩᢇᷣᣇᴺߣߒߡ↪ߔࠆߩߪᧄ᧪⊛ߢߪߥ⋉ޕᖱႎߩ㐿␜⠪߇㓹↪ ᧦ઙ╬ߢ↪⠪ߦኻߒߡࠄ߆ߩਇᐔࠍᛴߡࠆߣߪ⸒߇ߚ߆ࠄߢࠆ ⋉ޕ㐿␜ ᴺߩᧄ᧪ߩ⿰ᣦߪഭ⠪ߩౝㇱ๔⊒ߦࠃࠅߩ❱⚵ޔਇᱜࠍᤚᱜߒ❱⚵ޔㆇ༡ߩㅘᕈࠍ㜞ޔ ⚵❱୶ℂߩะࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߦࠆߣߎࠈߩ❱⚵ޔਇᱜߩ❱⚵ޔౝㇱ⠪ߦࠃࠆ๔⊒⼔ߩߘޔ ߣߞߚ৻ㅪߩࡊࡠࠬ߇㕙ൻߔࠆߎߣߥߊޔᒰ⠪㑆ߢ⸃ߐࠇߡߒ߹߁ߣ⿰ߩߎޔᣦ ߇↢߆ߐࠇߥޕ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᡷᱜ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩᖱႎߩ㐿ߦଥࠆᴺᡷᱜߩᔅⷐᕈ వߦㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ⋉ޔ㐿␜ߦࠃߞߡ⡯႐ߦ߅ߡਇ⋉ࠍⵍߞߚߣਥᒛߔࠆഭ⠪ߩ㓹 ↪ክ್ᚲ߳ߩ↳┙ઙᢙߩᕆჇ߇㗴ߣߥࠅ⸃ߩߘޔ╷ߣߒߡ #%#5 ഥ⸒⺞ખⵙᯏ㑐 ߦࠃࠆ⸃ࡊࡠࠬ߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦᵴ↪ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣߦޔ⸃᫈ළߩઙᢙ߇Ⴧ ߃ ోޔߩ⚂ ಽߩ ޔ㓹↪ክ್ߦ߅ߡ㐿ߩ⡬⡞ᚻ⛯߹ߢㅴ߽ߩ߇ᷫዋߒߚޕ ߒ߆ߒߩⴕޔᴺߢߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠ߈㓹↪ክ್ᚲߦᜬߜㄟ߹ࠇߚ⚗ߦߟߡߪޔ 㐿ߩ⡬⡞߹ߢክ್߇ㅴ߹ߥ㒢ࠅޔᒰ㐿␜ߦଥࠆਇᱜ╬ߩᖱႎ߇⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߦߪવ߃ ࠄࠇߥ⚵ߺߦߥߞߡࠆޕ ߘߎߢޔ2%C9ߪޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߇ᜬߒ㕖㐿ߦߒߡࠆ㐿␜ᖱႎࠍ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩᧄ᧪ߩ ⿰ᣦ߮ᖱႎ㐿ᴺߦၮߠߡߔࠆࠃ߁ᐭߦⷐ᳞ߒߚⷐߩߎޕ᳞ߦଥࠆ㜞╬ⵙ್ᚲߩ ್ᢿߪ2%C9ߩൎ⸷ߢߞߚ߇ޔᐭ ᣥㅢ↥⋭㧦&GRCTVOGPVQH6TCFGCPF+PFWUVT[㧦&6+ 132 Lewis, D., & Homewood, S. (2004). 133 http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?r.lc=en&type=RESOURCES&itemId=1082104950&r.s=sl 134 http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/empreltns/whistleblw/whistle.htm 135 2009 ᐕ 6 5 ᣣࡦ࡚ࠪࡌࡁࠗޔᄢቇᛛ⢻⋭㧔DIUS㧕ߣࡆࠫࡀࠬડᬺⷙᡷ㕟⋭㧔BERR㧕߇⛔วߒߡࡆޟ 61 ߇ប⸷ክଥዻਛߦ㐿␜ᖱႎࠍ㕖㐿ߣߔࠆⷙೣࠍ╷ቯߒߚߚޔ㐿␜ᖱႎߪᒁ߈⛯߈㕖㐿 ߣߥߞߡߚޕ ᣥ ㅢ ↥ ⋭ ᚲ ロ ߩ 㓹 ↪ ክ ್ ᚲ ߪ ޔ㕖 㐿 ߣ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ࠍ 㐿 ߔ ࠆ ߣ ࠆࠁࠊ ޔ ̌WPTGIWNCVGFEQPUWNVCPVU̍ߪ̌CODWNCPEGEJCUGTU̍ߣ⒓ߐࠇࠆᑯ⼔჻ ߿ㆊᄬ ߩⵍኂ⠪ߦធㄭߒߡޔടኂ⠪߆ࠄᄙ㗵ߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘ㊄ࠍൎߜขࠆߎߣࠍኾ㐷ߣߔࠆᑯ⼔჻ߦ ᩰᅢߩᯏળࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߣߩ⠨߃߆ࠄᖱႎ㐿ࠍ⇐ߒ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߢࠆ߇ߎޔ ࠇߦኻߒ ޔᐕ⼏ޔળߩࠝࡦࡉ࠭ࡑࡦߪޔᣥㅢ↥⋭ߩ߿ࠅᣇߪޔ㜞╬ⵙ್ᚲ߮৻⥸ⴐ ࠍ᱂ߊ߽ߩߢࠆߣ㕖㔍ߒߚ ޕᓟߦᣥㅢ↥⋭ߪޔ2%C9ߦ⺋⸃ࠍਈ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߥⴕേࠍߣࠅᤨ 㑆ࠍᶉ⾌ߐߖߚߣߒߡ2%C9ߦ⻢⟋ߒ៊ߩ࠼ࡦࡐਁ ޔኂ⾩ఘ㊄ࠍᡰᛄߞߚ ޕ 2%C9ߪߩߘޔᓟ߽ᒁ߈⛯߈ޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߊឭ⸷ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߇㕖㐿 ߩ߹߹ߢߪ㗴ߢࠆߣߒߡޔᖱႎߩ㐿ࠍ᳞ߡ߈ߚ ޕᓐࠄ߇ߍߡࠆߘߩᩮߪએ ਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢࠆ ޕ Ԙ ᧄ᧪⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߡ㐿ߐࠇࠆߴ߈⚵❱ߩਇᱜ߇㐿ߐࠇߥ߹߹ᒰ⠪㑆ߛߌ ߢ⌕ߐࠇ⚿ޔᨐߣߒߡ⚵❱ߩਇᱜ߇㑧ߦ⫋ࠄࠇࠆ⚿ᨐߦߥࠆߎߣޕታ㓙ޔਇᱜߩ ታࠍីߞߡࠆ㐿␜⠪ߦߣߞߡߪߣ❱⚵ޔขᒁߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅࠄ߆ߩ㊄㌛ࠍฃߌขࠆ ߶߁߇◲නߢߩ࡞࠳ࡦࡖࠠࠬߚ߹ޔ㔺ࠍ߅ߘࠇࠆ⚵❱ߦߣߞߡ߽ᴺᑨᄖߢߩ⌕ߪᅢ ߹ߒޕ ԙ 㐿␜⠪ߦࠃߞߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥᖱႎ߇ឭଏߐࠇ⋉ߚ߹ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩㆇ↪߇㓹↪ክ್ߦ߅ߡ ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᯏ⢻ߒߡࠆ߆ࡕ࠾࠲߇ߢ߈ߥߎߣޕ Ԛ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦࠃߞߡ⚵❱ߩਇᱜߩ㐿ࠍଦߒᧂޔὼߦ⚵❱ߩ␠ળ⊛ߥⴕേࠍ㒐ߋߎߣ ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚᴺߩ⿰ᣦ߇↢߆ߐࠇߥߎߣޕ ԛ ㅘߢᱜᄢߥ⽿છࠆมᴺࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩේೣߦߔࠆߎߣ ޕ ᐕ ޔഭౄߩ+CP/E%CTVPG[⼏ຬߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߦଥࠆ㓹↪ክ್ߩᖱႎߩ㐿ޔ ߪᦨૐ㒢ޔㅢႎ⠪ߩ㐿␜ᖱႎߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔߇㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߆ࠄ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߦㅍࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ ߦߔࠆߚߩᴺᡷᱜߦߟߡឭ᩺ߒ⼏ޔ㗴ߣߒߚ߇ᡷᱜߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ ޕ ᐕ ᣣޔౄߩ4KEJCTF5JGRJGTF⼏ຬߪ ޔᐕ㓹↪ᮭᴺ᩺ߦ㑐ߔࠆ ࿁⋡ߩክ⼏ߦ߅ߡ ޔᐕߦ⼏ળߩࠝࡦࡉ࠭ࡑࡦ߆ࠄឭߐࠇߚޔᐭߩ㓹↪ᮭᴺߦ㑐ߔ ࠫࡀࠬࠗࡁࡌ࡚ࠪࡦᛛ⢻⋭㧔BIS: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills㧕ࡀࠫࡆߣ߽ߣ߽ޔ߇ߚࠇߐ┙⸳߇ޠ ࠬડᬺⷙᡷ㕟⋭㧔BERR㧕ߪ 2007 ᐕ 8 1 ᣣࡦ࠙ࡉޔᣂᮭߩ⊒⿷ߦ߁⋭ᐡౣ✬ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡㅢ↥⋭߇ᡷ⚵ ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕᓥߞߡޔBIS㧩ᣥㅢ↥⋭ߣ߁⼂ߣߥࠅޔBIS ߩᚲ▤ߣߥߞߚߩߪ BIS ߇⸳┙ߐࠇߚ 2009 ᐕ 6 5 ᣣߣߥࠆޕ࿃ߺߦ⧷ޔ࿖ߢߪ⋭ᐡౣ✬ߪ㗫❥ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅޔㅢ↥⋭ߪ 1989 ᐕߦᎿᬺ⋭ߣോ⋭߇⛔วߐࠇߡ⸳┙ߐࠇ ߚޕ 136 Abraham, A. (2005). Report by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration (the Ombudsman) to Mr Richard Shepherd MP of the results of an investigation into a complaint made by Public Concern At Work. Retrieved. from http://www.pcaw.co.uk/policy/policy_pdfs/ombud_report_pcaw.pdf. 137 Keter, V., & Smith, L. (2009) 138 ห 139 Parliamentary Briefing on amendments to the Employment Bill (HL) 2008 Extended briefing for MPs by Public Concern at Work available from http://www.pcaw.co.uk/policy/policy_pdfs/MP%20briefing%20EMP%20Commons%20Report%20041108FINAL.pdf 140 Keter, V., & Smith, L. (2009) 62 ࠆⷙౕޔ⊛ߦߪ⋉㐿␜ߦଥࠆᖱႎࠍ㕖㐿ߣߒߡࠆߎߣߦߟߡขࠅߍߚ ޕ ᐕ ޔ$+5ߪߎࠇࠄߩᛕ್ࠍ߁ߌߡ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩᚻ⛯ߩᡷᱜࠍ⋡ᜰߒޔ㑐ଥ⻉࿅ ߮ੱߦኻߒߡᗧᦠߩឭࠍ᳞ߚ %QPUWNVCVKQP'ORNQ[OGPVVTKDWPCNENCKOU CPFVJG2WDNKE+PVGTGUV&KUENQUWTG#EV ޕᓟߦㅀߔࠆߣ߅ࠅޔ࿁ߩਥⷐߥᡷᱜὐ ߪޔ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧ᦠ '6ENCKOHQTOߩࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ࠍୃᱜߒޔ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧⠪ߦኻߒޔ ⋉㐿␜ߩߚߦ⡯႐ߢਇ⋉ࠍⵍߞߚߣ↳⺧ߔࠆ㓙ޔ㓹↪ክ್ߦ߅ߡ㐿␜ߒߚᖱႎࠍޔ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦၮߠߡ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߦႎ๔ߒ⺞ޔᩏࠍⷐ⺧ߔࠆߎߣߦหᗧߔࠆ߆ุ߆ߩ㗄⋡ࠍ ㅊടߔࠆߎߣߦࠆޕ ᐕ ߦ$+5ߪޔឭߐࠇߚᗧᦠࠍ߹ߣߡޔ ޡᐭߩ࿁╵̆̆㓹↪ክ್↳┙ߡ߮ ⋉㐿␜ᴺ )QXGTPOGPV4GURQPUG'ORNQ[OGPVVTKDWPCNENCKOUCPFVJG2WDNKE+PVGTGUV &KUENQUWTG#EVߣޢ㗴ߔࠆႎ๔ᦠࠍ⊒ߒߡࠆޕᚻ⛯ߩ⚦ㇱߦ߅ߡߪᗧࠍ⇣ߦߔࠆ ߽ߩߩޔ㑐ଥ⻉࿅ߪߨ$+5߇ឭ໒ߔࠆⴕߩᚻ⛯ᡷᱜ᩺ߦ⢐ቯ⊛ߢࠅޔ$+5ߪᡷᱜ ᬺࠍㅴߡࠆ ޕ $+5ߩᚻ⛯ᡷᱜ᩺ $+5 ߩ࿁ߩᚻ⛯ᡷᱜ᩺ߩ㊀ⷐߥᡷᱜὐߪޔ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧⠪߇⋉㐿␜ᴺㆡ↪ክᩏ߳ߩ ␜⊛ߥหᗧ (Express Consent) ࠍ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧ᤨߦ␜ߔߎߣߦࠃࠅߩ❱⚵ޔਇᱜߦ㑐ࠊࠆ ᖱႎߦߟߡޔ㓹↪ክ್ߩㅴዷߦ㑐ࠊࠅߥߊ⺞ᩏߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚߎߣߢࠆޕ ߆ߨߡࠃࠅ⼏ળޔ㑐ଥ⻉࿅߮ᴺᓞኾ㐷ኅ߆ࠄᛕ್ߐࠇߡߚߩ߇ޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߳ߩ↳ ┙ߡ߇⋉㐿␜ᴺߩⷐઙߦၮߠߚ߽ߩߢࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߩ್ᢿߦ⇐߹ࠅޔ㐿␜ᖱႎߦ㑐ߔࠆ ႎ๔߇ᒰ⋙〈ᐡߦ⋥ធዯߊ⚵ߺߦߥߞߡߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߢࠆޕ వߦㅀߴߚߣ߅ࠅ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߦ߽ߣߠߊ㓹↪ክ್↳┙ઙᢙߩᕆჇߦޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߳ ߩ↳┙ߡߦ߅ߌࠆ㐿␜⠪ߩഭ⼏ߦ㑐ߔࠆ #%#5 ߢߩಣℂ߇Ⴧടߒߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ⋉ޔ 㐿␜ߣߒߡડᬺߩਇᱜߦኻߔࠆᖱႎ㐿␜߇ߞߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔ#%#5 ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸃╬ߦ߅ ߡ↪⠪ߣഭ⠪ߩᒰ⠪㑆ߛߌߢ⌕߇ߟߡߒ߹⋉ߥࠇߐޔᖱႎ(⚵❱ߩ ਇᱜⴕὑ)߇ᄙᢙሽߔࠆޕ ߎߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩㆇ↪ߦ߅ߌࠆ㐿ᕈߦ㑐ࠊࠆ㗴ߣޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩ⽶ᜂჇࠍ⸃ᶖߔࠆߚ ޔ$+5 ߪޔ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧ߦ߅ߡ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩㆡ↪ࠍ᳞ߡ↳┙ߡࠍߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆഭ⠪ ߇ޔ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧ᦠߦ߅ߌࠆഭ⠪ߩਥᒛߪߘߩ৻ㇱ߇⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߦㅍࠄࠇޔὼࠆߴߊ ಣℂߐࠇࠆߎߣߦหᗧߒߡࠆߎߣࠍ߇ੱ┙↳ޔ⏕ߦ⼂ߒߡࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢࠆߣ⠨ ߃ߚޕ$+5 ߪߩߎޔᚻ⛯ࠍṖߦㅴࠆߚޔ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧ᦠߦޟหᗧߔࠆޠᰣࠍ⸳ߌޔ㓹 ↪ክ್↳⺧⠪ߢࠆ㐿␜⠪߇ߎߎߦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢශࠍ⸥タߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ㓹↪ክ್᩺ઙߩ ⋉㐿␜ᴺㆡ↪߳ߩޟ␜⊛ߥหᗧ 'ZRTGUUEQPUGPVࠍޠᓧࠆߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߒߚޔߒ߽ޕ㐿␜ ⠪߇ߎߩᰣߦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢශࠍ⸥タߒߥߌࠇ߫ޔ㓹↪ክ್ߩᖱႎߪ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߦߪㅍࠄࠇߕޔ 141 ห 142 Department for Business Innovation and Skills. (2009). Consultation: Employment tribunal claims and the Public Interest Disclosure Act. Retrieved. from http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file51554.pdf. 143 Department for Business Innovation and Skills. (2010). Government Response: Employment tribunal claims and the Public Interest Disclosure Act. Retrieved. from http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file54221.pdf. 144 ห 63 ክᩏ߽ߐࠇߥޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ㓹↪ክ್↳⺧⠪ߩਥᒛߪ↳⺧⠪ᧄੱߩหᗧߩ▸࿐ౝߢክᩏߐ ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕ $+5 ߩឭ᩺ߦ߅ߡᖱႎ߇ㅍࠄࠇࠆߩߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺߩ߽ߣߢᜰቯߐࠇߚ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߛ ߌߢࠆޕ$+5 ߩ೨ߩࠨࡦࡊ࡞⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐߦࠃࠆߣ⋉ޔ㐿␜ᴺᛶ⸅ߩ⇼ࠍ߆ߌࠄࠇߚ ⚵❱ߩਇᱜ㗄ߩ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔᣇ⥄ᴦޔஜᐽ߮ోࠍ⋙〈ߔ ࠆቭᐡ VJG*GCNVJCPF5CHGV['ZGEWVKXG␠߿⼔ޔળࠨࡆࠬߩၮḰክᩏળ VJG%CTG 3WCNKV[%QOOKUUKQPޔડᬺᵴേߩ⋙〈⻉ቭᐡ %QORCPKGU+PXGUVKICVKQP$TCPEJޔ㊄Ⲣࠨ ࡆࠬᯏ᭴ VJG(KPCPEKCN5GTXKEGU#WVJQTKV[⽷ޔോ⋭ */4GXGPWGޔㅢ㑐 %WUVQOU ߮㊀ⷐߥ⹊᱂ઙߩᝡᩏዪ VJG5GTKQWU(TCWF1HHKEG╬ߢࠆޔߚߩߘޕ$+5 ߪޔ㓹↪ ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߩᢙࠍᢙᲑ㓏ߦಽߌߡჇടߐߖࠆឭ᩺ࠍߒߚ⋉ߪߕ߹ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ㐿␜ᴺߩ ㆇ↪ߦ㑐ㅪߩᷓ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡ߳ߩᖱႎߩឭଏ߆ࠄᆎޔᓢߦޘឭଏߐࠇࠆ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߩ ᢙࠍჇ߿ߔߣ߁߽ߩߢࠆޕ $+5 ߪޔ࿁ߩᡷᱜߪޔ㓹↪ክ್ߩ↳⺧⠪ ഭ⠪߮࿁╵⠪ ↪⠪ᣇߦᣂߚߥ ⽶⩄߿ⵙቯߩㆃᑧࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ߽ߩߢߪߥߊޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߦߣߞߡ߽ᦨዊߩോᚻ⛯ߩ⽶ᜂ Ⴧࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߛߌߢࠆߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡࠆޕ $+5 ߪޔ࿁ߩᡷᱜࠍ ޔᐕ ࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߡޔߩ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦㅊടߢᴺᓞ᧦㗄ࠍ ઃߌട߃ࠆߎߣߢޔታߒߚߣ⠨߃ߡࠆࠍࠇߎޕታߔࠆߚߦߪᣢሽߩ ᐕ㓹↪ ክ್ᴺ VJG'ORNQ[OGPV6TKDWPCN#EVߦၮߠߊ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩⷙೣࠍᄌᦝߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߕ⼏ޔળߢߩክ⼏ࠍ⚻ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥߣߎࠈ⼏ޔળߢߩክ⼏ߦᔅⷐߥᴺᓞߩㅊട᧦㗄ߩ ⚦᩺ߪ㑆߽ߥߊ⼏ળߦឭߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢࠆޕ $+5߇ឭ᩺ߒߚ㓹↪ክ್ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋉㐿␜ᴺㆡ↪↳┙ᚻ⛯ߩᡷᱜ᩺ 㓹↪ክ್↳┙ߡߩฃઃ߮ክᩏ 㓹↪ክ್↳┙ߡߩළਅ 㓹↪ክ್↳┙ߡߩฃℂ ↳⺧⠪(ේ๔㧦ഭ⠪)ߩ⸷߃߇࿁╵⠪(ⵍ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩㆡ↪ኻ⽎ߦߥࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ ߩክᩏ ๔㧦↪⠪)ߦㅢ⍮ߐࠇࠆ ⸷߃ߦၮߠߚᅷᒰߥ⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡ߇ ࠬ࠻߆ࠄㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ 145 Department for Business Innovation and Skills. (2009) 64 㓹↪ክ್↳┙ᦠߩ౮ߒߪᛮ☴߇⋙〈 ᚲロቭᐡߦㅍࠄࠇࠆ ߟ⺕ߦߘߩ౮ߒ߇ㅍࠄࠇߚ߆߇⸥㍳ ߐࠇࠆ ㅢႎ⠪⼔ᐲߩ⹏ଔ 㓹↪ክ್ᚲ߳ߩ↳┙ઙᢙߩᕆჇߩ⸃╷ߣߒߡޟഥ⸒⺞ખⵙᯏ㑐 #%#5ࠆࠃߦޠ ⸃ᚻ⛯߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦᵴ↪ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ߽ߩߩ⺞ޔߢᗧ⡬ข JGCTKPI߇ߥߐࠇࠆ೨ ߦᒰ⠪ห჻ߢ⸃ߦ⥋ߞߚ႐วޔ㐿␜⠪ߩⴕߞߚ⋉㐿␜ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ㐿␜ߦ⥋ࠄߕޔ ⋉㐿␜⠪⼔ᐲߩᧄ᧪ߩ⿰ᣦ߇ᵴ߆ߐࠇߥߣ߁㗴߇ࠅޔ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦᡷᱜ ߩേ߈߇ࠆߩߪߩߎޔ㗴ࠍ⸃ᶖߒࠃ߁ߣߖࠎ߇ߚߢࠆߎߣߪޔ೨ㅀߒߚߣ߅ࠅߢ ࠆޕ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߦࠃߞߡ⼔ߐࠇߚ㐿␜ࠍḩߚߔߦߪ㐿␜⠪߇ Ԙ㐿␜߇⺈ታߦ KPIQQFHCKVJߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ ԙ㐿␜ߐࠇߚᖱႎߣߘࠇߦ߹ࠇࠆਥᒛ߇ᧄ⾰⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߣ㧘วℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆߎߣ Ԛ㐿␜⠪߇㐿␜ᖱႎࠍวℂ⊛ߦᱜߒੱ‛߿⋙〈ᚲロቭᐡߦㅢႎߒߡࠆߣାߓߡࠆߎ ߣ ߇ၮᧄ⊛ߥⷐઙߣߐࠇߡࠆ ߇ޔ㐿␜⠪߇⺈ታߐ IQQFHCKVJࠍᜬߞߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ ⋉㐿␜ᴺㆡ↪ߩⷐઙߦߔࠆߎߣߪޔ㐿␜⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⼔ߩࡂ࠼࡞ࠍ㜞ߊߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠅޔ ⋉ㅢႎࠍଦㅴߔࠆ⋡⊛ߣߩ㑐ଥߢࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߢࠆߣߩᛕ್߇ࠆ ߁ࠃߩߎޔߜࠊߥߔޕ ߦ㐿␜⠪ ㅢႎ⠪ߩਥߚࠆ㐿␜ߩ⋡⊛߿േᯏ߇ߢࠆ߆ࠍ್ᢿߔࠆߎߣ߇㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩ ਥⷐߥ⋡⊛ߢࠆߥࠄޔ㓹↪ክ್ᚲߩክℂߩㆊ⒟ߪ㐿␜⠪ߦߣߞߡਇᗢᔟߥ߽ߩߦ㆑ߥߊޔ 㐿␜⠪ߩ ⋉ߩߚߩ㐿␜ߩᗧᕁࠍߋߎߣߦߥࠅ߆ߨߥ ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ㐿␜⠪ߩᖱႎ 㐿␜ߩേᯏߦߟߡߩ⚝ߪޔౝㇱ߆ࠄߩᖱႎ㐿␜ߦࠃߞߡ⚵❱ౝߩਇᱜࠍߊߎߣࠍଦߔ ߣ߁⋉㐿␜ᴺߩਥߚࠆ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߩࠍᅹߍࠆ⚿ᨐߣ߽ߥࠅ߆ߨߥߚߞߣޔᛕ್ ߢࠆߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕᛕ್ࠍⴕ߁⺰⠪ߪޔ㐿␜⠪߇ⷐઙԙߩޟ㐿␜ߐࠇߚᖱႎߣߘࠇߦ߹ࠇ ࠆਥᒛ߇ᧄ⾰⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߣวℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆߎߣⷐ߁ߣޠઙࠍḩߚߒߡࠇ߫චಽ ߢߩߘޔേᯏ߇⺈ታߢࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߹ߢክℂߔࠆᔅⷐߪߥߣਥᒛߒߡࠆ ޕ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩᄖㇱ߳ߩ㐿␜ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯߢࠆ 43G ᧦ߩㆡ↪ߌࠊࠅߣޔᭂߡ㊀ᄢߥਇ ㆩ߇ࠆ႐วߩᄖㇱ߳ߩ㐿␜ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯߢࠆ 43H ᧦ߩ⸃㉼ߦ߅ߡߪޔ೨ㅀߩߣ߅ 146 http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/ResolvingWorkplaceDisputes/Whistleblowingintheworkplace /DG_175821 147 Carr, I. M., & Lewis, D. (2009) 148 ห 149 ห 65 ࠅᗧ߇ಽ߆ࠇߡࠆ߽ߩߩ⋉ޔ㐿␜⠪ߩ⼔߮⋉㐿␜ߩଦㅴߣ߁⋉㐿␜ᴺߩᧄ ᧪ߩ⿰ᣦߦၮߠߡߪ㉼⸃ߩ್ⵙޔᄖㇱ߳ߩ⋉㐿␜ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷐઙࠍ✭߿߆ߦߔࠆᣇะߦ ะ߆ߞߡࠆޕ ⋉㐿␜ᴺߪޔੱ⊛ߥᓧ(personal gain)ࠍᓧࠆ⋡⊛߇ࠆ႐วߦߪ⋉ޔ㐿␜ࠍ⼔ ߩኻ⽎߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߔࠆᣦࠍቯߡࠆ߇ߪࠄࠇߎޔਥߣߒߡࠆࠁࠊޔዊಾᚻࠫࡖ࠽࠭ࡓ (cheque book journalism)ߣ߫ࠇࠆࡑࠬࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߦࡦ࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥᖱႎࠍ⁛භ⊛ߦ ࠢߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㊄㌛ߘߩઁߩଢ⋉ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚㅢႎ⠪ߩᄖㇱ߳ߩᖱႎ㐿 ␜ࠍ⋉㐿␜ᴺߩ⼔ߩኻ⽎ᄖߣߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠅ ޔㅢႎ⠪ᧄੱߦኻߔࠆ⯦ᓙ߿ህ ߇ࠄߖߩⴕὑ߇ᤚᱜߐࠇࠆߎߣߪⷙߩࠄࠇߎޔቯߣߩ㑐ଥߢߪᒰὼ㗴ߦߥࠄߥޕ 㐿␜ߐࠇߚᖱႎߣߘߎߦ߹ࠇࠆਥᒛ߇ᧄ⾰⊛ߦ⌀ታߢࠆߣวℂ⊛ߦାߓߡࠆߣߩ ⷐઙߦߟߡ߽ⵙ್ߩὐߣߥࠆߎߣ߇ᄙޕవߦቇ⺑ߩ⼏⺰ߩ㗄ߢߺߚࠃ߁ߦߒ߽ޔ㐿 ␜⠪߇㆑ᴺߢࠆߣାߓߡߚታ߇ߘߩߣ߅ࠅߢߥ߆ߞߚ႐วޔ㐿␜⠪ߪߘߩ⚵❱߆ࠄฬ Მ៊ߢ⸷߃ࠄࠇࠆ߅ߘࠇ߇ࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆⷐߩߎޕઙ߽㐿␜⠪ߩ⼔ߣ߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⼏⺰ ߩᔅⷐ߇ࠆ߽ߩߢ⫾ߩ್ޔⓍࠍㅢߓߡ㐿␜⠪⼔ߩలታࠍ࿑ߞߡࠆߣߎࠈߢࠆ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ޕ Abraham, A. (2005). Report by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration (the Ombudsman) to Mr Richard Shepherd MP of the results of an investigation into a complaint made by Public Concern At Work. http://www.pcaw.co.uk/policy/policy_pdfs/ombud_report_pcaw.pdf. Carr, I. M., & Lewis, D. 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