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ɖġࡉۯ଼ࠁࢊੀౣ
ㄽᩥ ɖ ౣੀࢊࠁ଼ ࡉۯġ ఊനġ ġ ġ ˌȅ੬ġ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊㄒᙧᡂ㸦word formation㸧ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ▷⦰㸦ࡲࡓࡣ┬␎㸧㸦abbreviation, shortening, clipping㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࠋከ㡢⠇ㄒࡸ」ྜㄒ㸦compound㸧ࡢ㢌㒊ࠊ୰㒊ࠊᑿ㒊࡞ࢆ┬␎ࡋ࡚▷ ࠸ㄒࢆసࡿ▷⦰࠸࠺ㄒᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡣࠊヰࡋゝⴥ̿̿≉ࠊㄒࡸ௰㛫࠺ࡕࡢ㞃ㄒ̿̿࠾࠸ ࡚ከࡃࡳࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠊࡏࢃࡋ࡞࠸ୡࢆᫎࡋ࡚ࠊ᭩ࡁゝⴥ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡈ ࡃᬑ㏻ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㢖⦾⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡸࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛࡛ࣥࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆぢ࡚ࠊ 㟁Ꮚ࣓࣮ࣝࢆ㏦ࡿࠖࡣࠕᦠᖏࡸࢫ࣐࡛࣍ࢿࢵࢺࢆぢ࡚ࠊ࣓࣮ࣝࢆ㏦ࡿࠖ࠸ࡗࡓලྜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ␎ࡉ࡞ ࡅࢀࡤࡴࡋࢁ⮬↛ឤࡌࡿ␎ㄒࡀᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧ㸦clipped form㸧 ࡣࠊ༢Ⓨヰ࣭⾲グ㸦ධຊ㸧ࡢ㛫ࡀ▷ࡃ࡚῭ࡴ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࡇ̿̿ゝㄒⓗࠊᩥⓗࠊ ⱁ⾡ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡞̿̿ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡼ࠸ᡭࡀࡾࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎ➨ 1 ⠇࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ▷⦰㐣⛬ࢆㄽࡌࡿ㝿ࡣྍḞ࡞㡩ᚊ༢࣭ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ ࣇࢵࢺ㸦foot㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊⱥㄒࡢࣇࢵࢺ㛵㐃ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㏙࡚࠸ࡃࠋ➨ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ」ྜ ㄒࡸྃࡢ▷⦰ᙧࢆㄽࡌࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢᙧᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࣇࢵࢺࡀ࠸㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࢆゎㄝࡍࡿࠋ➨ 3 ⠇࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣇࢵࢺࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡍ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣜࢬ࣒ゐࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ➨ 4 ⠇࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛗࠸እ᮶ ㄒ̿̿ࡓࡔࡋࠊ」ྜㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༢⣧ㄒ 1 ̿̿ࡢ┬␎ᙧ㛵ࡍࡿἲ๎࣭ไ⣙ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡢၥ 㢟Ⅼࡶᣦࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࠕ࣮࣡ࢻ㺃ࣉࣟࢭࢵࢧ࣮ࠖЍࠕ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࠖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊཎㄒࡀ 2 ࡘ ࡢ༢ㄒࡽᡂࡿሙྜࡣࠊ๓༙せ⣲ᚋ༙せ⣲ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡽ 2 ᢿࡎࡘྲྀࡿࡇࡀཎ๎࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ ࡋࠊཎㄒࡀ 1 ㄒࡢሙྜࡣࠊ ࠕ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࡣࠕ࣏ࠖࠊ ࠕࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡣࠕࣉࣜࠖ ࠊ ࠕ࢚ ࣟࣅࢡࢫࠖࡣࠕ࢚ࣟࣅࠖ࠸࠺ලྜࠊ␎ㄒࡢ㛗ࡉࡀ 2 ᢿࡢࡶࡢࡽ 4 ᢿࡢࡶࡢࡲ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ」 㞧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࠊࡇࡢ␎ㄒࡢ㛗ࡉࡢỴᐃ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㡢㡩ㄽⓗ࣭ᙧែㄽⓗほⅬࡽᵝࠎ࡞᮲௳ࡸไ⣙ࡀ ᥦࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ␎ㄒᙧᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➇த┦ᡭ㸦competitor㸧ࡢ᭷↓࠸࠺༢⣧࡞ᇶ ‽ࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࠼ࡤࠕࣉ࡛ࣜࠖ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࠕࣉࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣉ ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡞ࡢㄒΰྠࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡶ࠺ 1 ᢿຍ࠼ࡓࠕࣉࣜࠖࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠊ࠸࠺ ぢ᪉ࢆࡿࠋࡉࡽ➨ 5 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ▷⦰ㄒᙧᡂ㛵ࡍࡿᮏ✏࡛ᥦࡋࡓ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀࠊⱥㄒࡢ ┬␎ㄒࡶ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄽࡌࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊṧࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟ࡸࠊ௦࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿศᯒἲࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆ ࡓ࠸ࠋ ˍȅέΛΠ̞̾̀ͅġ 㸯㸬㸯㸬ࣇࢵࢺࡣఱ ࠕࣇࢵࢺࠖࡣࠊ➨୍ࡣࠊリࡢ㡩ᚊ㸦meter㸧ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᇶᮏ༢࡛࠶ࡿࠕリ⬮ࠖࢆᣦࡍࠋࢠࣜ 63 ࢩ࣭࣮࣐ࣕࣟࡢリ࡛ࡣ㡢⠇ࡢ㛗▷ࡀリ⾜ࡢࣜࢬ࣒ࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊⱥリ࡛ࡣ㡢⠇ࡢᙉᙅࡀࣜࢬ࣒ࢆᵓ ᡂࡍࡿࠋ2 ḟࡢ㸦1㸧ࡣࠊᙉᙅᅄṌ᱁㸦trochaic tetrameter㸧࡛᭩ࢀࡓⱥリࡢᐇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᩥᏐ ᑠᩥᏐࡣᙉໃ㸦stress㸧ࡢ᭷↓ࢆពᅗࡋࠊԦࡣḞ⠇ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸧 ࠋ 㸦1㸧 WELcome, / RED and / ROUNDy / SUN, 䏔 DROPping / LOWly / IN the / WEST; 䏔 NOW my / HARD day’s / WORK is / DONE, 䏔 I’m as / HAPpy / AS the / BEST. 䏔 ̿̿J. Clare, The Wood-Cutter’s Night Song ࡼࡾ リࡢ⾜࠾ࡅࡿ㡢⠇ࡢᙉᙅࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ᱁ㄪ࠸࠸ࠊᙉໃࡢ࠶ࡿ㡢⠇ᙉໃࡢ࡞࠸㡢⠇ࡀ 2 ࡘ࡞࠸ ࡋ 3 ࡘ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࡛ࡁࡿ 1 ࡘࡢ༢ࡀࣇࢵࢺ㸦リ⬮㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙉᙅᅄṌ᱁࡛᭩ࢀࡓୖࡢリ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ 1 ⾜ࠕᙉᙅࠖࢆ 4 ᅇ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࣜࢬ࣒࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ ࠕ1 ⾜ 4 ࡘࡢࣇࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࡋࡋࠊᙉໃࡢ࠶ࡿ㡢⠇࡞࠸㡢⠇ࡀࡲࡲࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀࣇࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ࡞ ࡶリ⾜ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ1 ࡘࡢㄒࡢ୰ࡶࣇࢵࢺࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᐇ㝿ࠊୖࡢリࡢ୰ ࡛ࡶࠊwelcome ࡸ happy ࡣ 1 ㄒ࡛ 1 ࣇࢵࢺࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧 ࠋ3 ḟࡢ࡛ࡣࠊࢡࢭࣥࢺ➢ྕࢆࡋࠊ 1 ࡘࡎࡘࡢࣇࢵࢺࢆ㸺㸼࡛ᅖࢇ࡛⾲グࡋࡓࠋ4 㸦2㸧 <Cìnde><rélla>, <ánec><dòte>, <fàn><tástic>, <cámera> ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ⱥㄒࡢᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࣇࢵࢺࡢᐃ⩏ࢆồࡵࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕㄒ㡢⠇㸦syllable㸧ࡢ୰㛫ⓗ࡞ 㡩ᚊ༢㸦prosodic unit㸧ࠖ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ 3 ࡘࡢ㡩ᚊ༢ࡢໟᦤ㛵ಀࢆ㸦ୖୗࡢ୪ࡧ࡛㸧 ⾲ࡏࡤḟࡢ㸦3㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ 㸦3㸧 ㄒ 㹺 ࣇࢵࢺ 㹺 㡢⠇ ࡞࠾ࠊ㡢⠇ࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࡞㡩ᚊ༢࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣔࣛ㸦mora㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1.3.⠇࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ 㸯㸬㸰㸬ⱥㄒࡢࣇࢵࢺࡢᐇᅾᛶ ⱥㄒ࡛ࡣࠊㄒẼࢆᙉࡵࡓࡾࠊⱔ❧ࡕࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ fuckin㸦㸻fucking㸧࡞ࡢ㎡ⓗ᥋୰ ㎡㸦expletive infix㸧ࢆㄒ୰ᤄධࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀチࡉࢀࡿ⨨ࡣࠊ 㸦4a㸧ࡼࡓࡋ♧࡛ڸ ࠺ࣇࢵࢺࡢቃ⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㸦4b㸧ࡢࡼ࠺ࣇࢵࢺࡢษࢀ┠࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ᥋୰㎡ࢆᤄධࡍࡿ ࡇࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 64 㸦4㸧 a. fan-fuckin-tastic <fan>ʆ<tastic> fuckin b. *fanta-fuckin-stic, *fant-fuckin-astic, *fantas-fuckin-tic ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡽࠊࣇࢵࢺ࠸࠺༢ࡣࠊⱥㄒࡢẕㄒヰ⪅࡛࠶ࢀࡤ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡏࠊ㡩ᚊ ୖᐇᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ 㸯㸬㸱㸬᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣇࢵࢺ ᚑ᮶ࠊᙉໃࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸᪥ᮏㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゝㄒࡣࠊࣇࢵࢺ࠸࠺༢ࢆ௬ᐃ࡛ ࡁࡿ࠺ࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࣇࢵࢺࡀㄒ㡢⠇ࡢ୰㛫ⓗ࡞༢࡛࠶ࡿࡢ ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡶࣇࢵࢺࢆᥐᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣇࢵࢺࡣ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡽᡂࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡢ ࡀ➹⪅ࡢ❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ5 ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊ࠼ࡤࠕࢧࣥࢲࣝࠖࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㡩ᚊୖࡢ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ W -----------------ㄒ 㸦5㸧 F F ----------ࣇࢵࢺ Ȫ ȣ ȣ sa Ȫ Ȫ -----㡢⠇ ȣ ȣ -----࣮ࣔࣛ N da ru ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢㄒࡣࠊ4 ࣮࣭ࣔࣛ3 㡢⠇࣭2 ࣇࢵࢺࡽᡂࡿ 1 ㄒ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ2 ࡘࡢࣇࢵࢺࡣࡑ ࢀࡒࢀ 2 ࡘࡢ࣮ࣔࣛࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ ˎȅٸြࢊໝࣣࢊ͈ౣੀࠁ̷͈͂႒႕ġ ๓⠇࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࡢࡲࡲࡾࢆࣇࢵࢺᤊ࠼ࡿ᪨ࢆ㏙ࡓࠋᮏ⠇࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ2 ࣔ ࣮࡛ࣛࡦࡓࡲࡾ࡞ࡿࡇࢆࠊἑᒣࡢᐇ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࡶࡗࡶᆺⓗ࡞᪥ᮏㄒࡢ┬␎ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣࠊእ᮶ㄒࡢ」ྜㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ๓༙せ⣲ᚋ༙せ⣲ ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡽ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ6 㸦6㸧 ࣁ࣮࣭ࣥ࢞ࢫࢺࣛ࢟ Ѝ 㸺ࣁࣥ㸼㸺ࢫࢺ㸼 ࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࣞࢫࣜࣥࢢ Ѝ 㸺ࣉࣟ㸼㸺ࣞࢫ㸼 ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ࣭ࣝࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ Ѝ 㸺ࣃࢯ㸼㸺ࢥࣥ㸼 ࣃࣥࢸ㸦࣮㸧ࢫࢺࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ Ѝ 㸺ࣃࣥ㸼㸺ࢫࢺ㸼 ࣥࢲ࣮ࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ Ѝ 㸺ࣥ㸼㸺ࢢࣛ㸼 65 ࣇ࣑࣮ࣜࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ Ѝ 㸺ࣇ࣑㸼㸺ࣞࢫ㸼 ࢥࢫࢳ࣮࣒࣭ࣗࣉ࣮ࣞ Ѝ 㸺ࢥࢫ㸼㸺ࣉࣞ㸼 ࢽ࣓ࢯࣥࢢ Ѝ 㸺ࢽ㸼㸺ࢯࣥ㸼 ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣭࣍ࣜࢹ࣮ Ѝ 㸺࣮࣡㸼㸺࣍ࣜ㸼 ࢩ࣮ࣙࣅࢪࢿࢫ Ѝ 㸺ࢩ࣮ࣙ㸼㸺ࣅࢬ㸼 ࣐ࢱࢽࢸ࣮࣭ࣁࣛࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ Ѝ 㸺࣐ࢱ㸼㸺ࣁࣛ㸼 ࡇࡢ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚┬␎ࡍࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣࠊḟࡢ㸦7㸧ᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺ࠊእ᮶ㄒ」ྜㄒࡢࡳ࡞ ࡽࡎࠊ₎ㄒࡸㄒࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡸࠊ㸦ㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ྃࡸᩥࡶᗈࡲࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ7 㸦7㸧 a. ࣓࣮ࣝ㐩 Ѝ 㸺࣓ࣝ㸼㸺ࢺࣔ㸼 እᅜேࢱࣞࣥࢺ Ѝ 㸺࢞㸼㸺ࢱࣞ㸼 Ṍ⾜⪅ኳᅜ Ѝ 㸺࣍ࢥ㸼㸺ࢸࣥ㸼 㐃ࢀᑠ౽ Ѝ 㸺ࢶࣞ㸼㸺ࢩࣙࣥ㸼 ␒⤌ᐉఏ Ѝ 㸺ࣂࣥ㸼㸺ࢭࣥ㸼 ㈍ಁ㐍 Ѝ 㸺ࣁࣥ㸼㸺ࢯࢡ㸼 ዪᏊࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮ Ѝ 㸺ࢪࣙࢩ㸼㸺ࢼ㸼 b. ⌮ࡢ⤖፧ Ѝ 㸺ࣜࢯ㸼㸺ࢥࣥ㸼 ᮅࡢࢩࣕࣥࣉ࣮ Ѝ 㸺ࢧ㸼㸺ࢩࣕࣥ㸼 ࢧ࣮࣐ࣛࣜࣥࡢ㣤 Ѝ 㸺ࢧࣛ㸼㸺࣓ࢩ㸼 ⫱ඣࢆࡍࡿ⏨ᛶ㸦࣓ࣥࢬ㸧 Ѝ 㸺ࢡ㸼㸺࣓ࣥ㸼 ࢪࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲ Ѝ 㸺ࢪ㸼㸺ࣉࣟ㸼 ࠶ࡅࡲࡋ࡚࠾ࡵ࡛࠺㸦ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ㸧 Ѝ 㸺ࢣ㸼㸺࣓࢜㸼 ࣜࣝ㸦⌧ᐇ㸧ࡢ⏕άࡀᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே Ѝ 㸺ࣜ㸼㸺ࢪ࣮ࣗ㸼 ࡉࡽࠊ2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘྲྀࡾฟࡋ࡚┬␎ࡍࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣࠊேྡ࣭ࣂࣥࢻྡࠊࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡸᫎ⏬࣭ᑠㄝ࣭ ₔ⏬࡞ࡢࢱࢺࣝࠊၟရྡࠊ♫ྡ࡞ᗈࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㸦8㸧 a. ᮌᮧᣅဢ Ѝ 㸺࣒࢟㸼㸺ࢱࢡ㸼8 ࢻ࣮࣒ࣜࢬ࣭࣒࣭࢝ࢺ࣮ࣝ Ѝ 㸺ࢻࣜ㸼㸺࣒࢝㸼 SEKAI NO OWARI Ѝ 㸺ࢭ࢝㸼㸺࢜࣡㸼 b. ࠗ⇿➗࢚࢜ࣥࣂࢺࣝ࠘ Ѝ 㸺࢜ࣥ㸼㸺ࣂࢺ㸼 ࠗࢡࣞࣚࣥࡋࢇࡕࡷࢇ࠘ Ѝ 㸺ࢡࣞ㸼㸺ࢩࣥ㸼 ࠗୡ⏺ࡢ୰ᚰ࡛ࠊឡࢆࡉࡅࡪ࠘ Ѝ 㸺ࢭ࢝㸼㸺ࢳ࣮ࣗ㸼 ࠗࡇࡕࡽⴱ㣭༊ட᭷බᅬ๓ὴฟᡤ࠘ Ѝ 㸺ࢥࢳ㸼㸺࣓࢝㸼 ࠗ࠶ࡱࡸࢇ࠘ 㸦✵ 㸦airport㸧ࠊ␎ࡋ࡚ apoࠊ࡛ാࡃேࡢࡇ㸧 c. ࡅࡱࢇ㓑 Ѝ ࠕ࣏ࣥࠖ㸦ओ࣑ࢶ࢝ࣥ㸧 ࢥࢡࡢ࠶ࡿࡲࢁࡸ࡞࣮࢝ࣞ Ѝ ࠕࡇࡃࡲࢁ࣮࢝ࣞࠖ㸦ࣁ࢘ࢫ㣗ရ㸧 66 ࢳ࣮ࢬධࡾⵦ㖝 Ѝ ࠕࢳ࣮ࡲࠖ 㸦ओၿ㸧 d. ࢸࣞࣅᮅ᪥ Ѝ 㸺ࢸࣞ㸼㸺ࢧ㸼 ி㒔ࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡ Ѝ ࠕிࢭࣛࠖ9 ᪥ᮏேࡀ࠸ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࡢࡓࡲࡾࢆዲࡴࡣࠊ௨ୗ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᴗ⏺⏝ㄒࡢ 㐀ㄒἲ̿̿ಽ⨨̿̿ࡸࠊឡ⛠ࡢసࡾ᪉ࠊពࡢษࢀ┠ࢆ↓どࡋࡓⓎヰୖࡢࡲࡲࡾࠊᩘᏐࡸ᭙᪥ࡢㄞ ࡳୖࡆ᪉ࠊ⥛ࡾࡸពࡀࡼࡃࢃࡽ࡞࠸እᅜㄒࡢゝ࠸᪉࡞ࡽࡶ❚࠼ࡿࠋ༢⣧ධࢀ᭰࠼ࡓࡾࠊࡑ ࡢࡲࡲㄞࢇࡔࡢ࡛ࡣ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡁࡣࠊ㡢ࢆ㊊ࡋࡓࡾ๐ࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘ࡞ࡿࡼ ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ 㸦9f㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡋ࠸㸦࠸ࡃࡪࢇ࠾ࡅࡓ㸧⾲⌧ࡣࠊ2 ࣔ ࣮ࣛࡢಸࡢ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡽᡂࡿࢥ࣮ࣟࣥ㸦colon㸧ࡤࢀࡿ༢ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓぢ࡞ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦9㸧 a. ࣁ࣡ Ѝ 㸺࣡㸼㸺ࣁ࣮㸼 ࠺ࡲ࠸ Ѝ 㸺࣐㸼㸺࣮࢘㸼 ࢧࣥࢢࣛࢫ Ѝ 㸺ࢢࣛ㸼㸺ࢧࣥ㸼 ࡼࢁࡋࡃ Ѝ 㸺ࢩࢡ㸼㸺ࣚࣟ㸼 ࡑࡗࡃࡾ Ѝ 㸺ࢡࣜ㸼㸺ࢯࢶ㸼 ࠾ὗⴠ Ѝ 㸺ࢩࣕࣞ㸼㸺࢜ࢶ㸼 ࢜ࢵࣃ࡛࠸ Ѝ 㸺ࣃ㸼㸺࢜ࢶ㸼㸺࢝㸼㸺ࢹ࣮㸼 b. ࡕࡦࢁ Ѝ 㸺ࢳ࣮㸼ࡕࡷࢇ ࡉࡋ Ѝ 㸺ࢧࢵ㸼ࡕࡷࢇ c. ఢ↻ Ѝ ࢶࢡ࣭ࢲࢽ 10 ぢᅇࡾ Ѝ ࣑࣐࣭࣡ࣜ d. 1ࠊ2ࠊ3ࠊ͐͐ Ѝ ࢳࠊࢽ࣮ࠊࢧࣥࠊ͐͐ ᭶ࠊⅆࠊỈࠊ͐͐ Ѝ ࢤࢶࠊ࣮࢝ࠊࢫࠊ͐͐ e. a cappella Ѝ ࣭࢝࣌ࣛ Santa Lucia Ѝ ࢧ࣭ࣥࢱ࣭ࣝࢳ f. ࠕ⚾ࡓࡕࡗ࡚ࠊࢶࢲࢶࢲࡋ࠸㸦㸻ὠ⏣ሿࡢᏛ⏕ࡽࡋ࠸㸧ࡼࡡࠋࠖ 㸦эࠕࡍࡀࡍࡀࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞ྠࡌࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸽㸧 ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢫࣛࣥࢢ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ࠾ࡵ㸦㸻࠾ࡵ࡛࠺㸧ࠊ࠶ࡾ㸦㸻࠶ࡾࡀ࠺㸧ࠊஎ㸦㸻 ࠾⑂ࢀᵝ㸧ࠊࡇ㹬㸦㸻ࡇࢇࡕࡣ㸭ࡇࢇࡤࢇࡣ㸧 ࠖ࡞ࡢࡼ࠺⏝㢖ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ᣵᣜࡇࡤ࡞ࡀ 2 ࣔ ࣮ࣛ 1 ࣇࢵࢺ▷ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ࠕࣇࣝ࣎ࢵࢥ㸦㸻ࣇࣝࣃ࣮࣡㸭ࣇ࣓ࣝࣥࣂ࣮࡛࣎ࢵࢥ࣎ࢥ㸧ࠖࡢࡼ ࠺ࠊᙉㄪࡢࡓࡵ 3 ࣮ࣔࣛࢆࡗࡓ▷⦰ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊᮏ⠇ࡢ᭱ᚋࠊ▷⦰ᙧࡑࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺᆺ㛵ࡍࡿၥゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡽᡂࡿ」ྜㄒ㸦ࡸேྡࡢ㸧▷⦰ᙧࡣࠊࠕࣇ࣑ࣞࢫࠖࠊࠕ࣍ࢥࢸࣥࠖࠊࠕ࣒࢟ࢱࢡࠖࡢࡼ࠺ᖹ ᯈᆺࢡࢭࣥࢺ㸦↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ㸧࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊඖࠎࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺ̿̿ࠕࣇ࣑࣮ࣜࣞЯࢫࢺࣛࣥࠖࠊ ࠕ࣍ࢥ࣮ࢩࣕࢸЯࣥࢦࢡࠖࠊࠕ࣒࢟ࣛࢱЯࢡࣖࠖ㸦Яࡣࣆࢵࢳࡢ㝆ୗࢆ⾲ࡍ㸧̿̿ࡣ↓どࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ 67 ࠕࣜࠖࡀࠕࣜЯࢪ࣮ࣗࠖ࡞ࡿࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 Kubozono㸦1996㸧ࡣࠊ ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠖ ࡸࠕࢠࣜࢫࠖࡣ↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡛ࡶࠊ↓ពㄒࡢࠕЯ࣓ࣜࣥࠖࡸࠕЯࢠ࣮ࣜࠖ࡞ࡣࢡࢭࣥࢺ ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊ↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡞ࡿࡣࠊ༢ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࠕ㹼ࣜ࢝ࠖࠊࠕ㹼 ࣜࢫࠖࡢࡼ࠺ㄒᮎࡀ㍍㡢⠇㸦light syllable㸧ࡢ㐃⥆࡞ࡿ࠸࠺᮲௳ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡿࠊ ࠕࣜࢪ࣮ࣗࠖࡣ㔜㡢⠇㸦heavy syllable㸧࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡢ࡛ࢡࢭࣥࢺࡀࡃࡍࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡋࡋࡑ࠺࡞ࡿࠊࠕࣃࢯࢥࣥࠖࡸࠕ࣍ࢥࢸࣥࠖࡣ࡞ࡐ↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡛ࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࠕࣜ ࢪ࣮ࣗࠖࡣ㸦4 ࣮ࣔࣛ▷⦰ᙧ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸧」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ ࠕࣃࢯࢥࣥࠖ࡞ࡣูᢅ ࠸ࡍࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࠕࣜࢯࢥࣥࠖࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚↓ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡲ ࡓࠊࠕࣜЯࢪ࣮ࣗࠖࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡢ㸽ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ▷⦰ᙧࡣࠊ 㸦༢ࡑࡢฟຊࡉࢀࡓ ࡶࡢࡢ㛗ࡉࡀ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㸧ࢡࢭࣥࢺ㛵㐃ࡅ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠊࡲࡔ ᫂࡞ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ ˏȅུࢊ͈ςΒθġ ᪥ᮏே࣭᪥ᮏᩥࡣወᩘዲࡳぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ௨ୗิᣲࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ወᩘࡀዲࢇ ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦10㸧 ࣭⤖፧ᘧ㸸 ୕୕ᗘ ࣭ᛂᅋ㸸 ୕୕ᢿᏊ ࣭Ꮚࡶࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ⚃࠺⾜㸸 ୕ ࣭ࡵ࡛ࡓ࠸᪥㸸 1 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸭ඖ᪦ 3 ᭶ 3 ᪥㸭᱈ࡢ⠇ྃ 5 ᭶ 5 ᪥㸭➃༗ࡢ⠇ྃ 7 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸭ኤ 9 ᭶ 9 ᪥㸭㔜㝧 ࡲࡓࠊḟࡢ㸦11㸧ࢆᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺ࠊྛ✀ᶆㄒࡸグ᠈ṧࡿࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࡶ 5 ᢿ 7 ᢿࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦11㸧 a. ࡧฟࡍ࡞ ㌴ࡣᛴṆࡲࢀ࡞࠸ ᛧ࠸ࡢࡣࠕᾘࡋࡓࡘࡶࡾࠖࠕᾘࡋࡓࡣࡎࠖ b. ட⏣ࡢ࠶ࡽࢀ࣭࠾ࡏࢇ࠸ʖ㸦ட⏣〇Ⳬ㸧 ③ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊࡍࡄࢭࢹࢫ㸦ሷ㔝⩏〇⸆㸧 ࡋࡋࠊ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞㡢ᩘࡽࢃࢀ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㡩ᚊࢆㄽࡌࡿࡢࡣ⚗≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ୕୕ᢿᏊࡣࠊ ఇṆ㒊ศ㸦ࡍ⾲࡛ۑ㸧ࢆ㸯ᢿᩘ࠼ࢀࡤࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᅄᅄඵᢿᏊ࡞ࡿࠋ 㸦12㸧 ࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࠋۑࠊࢵࣕࢳࠊࢵࣕࢳࠊࢵࣕࢳࠋۑ ࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࢳࣕࢵࠊࠋۑ 68 ࡲࡓࠊูᐑ㸦1977㸧࡛ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㸦㸧ࡢತྃࡸ▷ḷࡶࠊఇṆ㒊ศࢆ຺ᐃ ධࢀࢀࡤࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ඵඵඵ㸦ඵඵ㸧࡞ࡿ̿̿1 㡢 8 ศ㡢➢ࢆ 1 ࡘ࠶࡚ࠊ2 㡢ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ 4 ศࡢ 4 ᢿᏊࡢ 1 ᢿࢆసࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࡣۑඵศఇ➢ࠊࡣ۔ᅄศఇ➢ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ 㸦13㸧 4/4 ʗ ʗ ʖ۔ۑ ʗ ʗ ʗ ʖۑ ʗ ʗ ʖ۔ۑ ࢼࢶࢡࢧࣖ ࢶ࣡ࣔࣀࢻࣔ࢞ ࣓ࣘࣀࢺ ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊูᐑ㸦1977㸧ࡢࠕ᪥ᮏேࡣ୕ᢿᏊࡢ࣡ࣝࢶࡢ₇ዌࡀⱞᡭ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ᣦࡶ㠀ᖖ⯆ ῝࠸ࠋ ⤖ᒁࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠊ2 ࣮ࣔࣛ 1 ࣇࢵࢺࡀ㡩ᚊࡢᇶᮏ༢࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢಸࡢ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡸࠊࡉࡽಸࡢ 8 ࣮ࣔࣛࡀࠊࣜࢬ࣒ୖࡢࡲࡲࡾࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊ ྡసホࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮚࡶྥࡅ⤮ᮏࡢ୰ࡶ⌧ࢀࡿࠋ 㸦14㸧ࡣ୰ᕝᮤᯞᏊసࠗࡄࡾࡄࡽ࠘ 㸦⚟㡢㤋 ᭩ᗑ㸧ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋグ᠈ṧࡿྡᩥྃࡣࠊ8 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࡢࡲࡲࡾࡽᡂࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ࡚ࡼࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸦14㸧 㹙ࡰࡃࡽࡢ ࡞ࡲ࠼ࡣ㹛 㹙ࡄࡾ ࡄࡽۑۑۑ㹛 㹙ࡇࡢࡼ࡛ ࠸ࡕࡤࢇ㹛 㹙ࡍࡁ࡞ࡢࡣۑۑۑ㹛 㹙࠾ࡾࡻ࠺ࡾࡍࡿࡇ㹛 㹙ࡓࡿࡇۑۑۑ㹛 㹙ࡄࡾ ࡄࡽ ࡄࡾ ࡄࡽ㹛 㸬 ːȅໝࣣٸြࢊ͈ౣੀ̞̾̀ͅġ 㸲㸬㸯㸬ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᡂᯝၥ㢟Ⅼ ᮏ⠇௨㝆࡛ࡣࠊ」ྜㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༢⣧ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿእ᮶ㄒࡢ┬␎ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒ ࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࢆ୰ᚰࠊᩘከࡃࡢእ᮶ㄒࡀࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㛗࠸ㄒ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡑࡢከࡃࡣ▷⦰ᙧࢆᣢࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ」ྜㄒ㸦ࡸྃࡢ㸧▷⦰ࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࢆᢳฟࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ 㸦15㸧௦⾲ࢆᣲࡆࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ2㹼4 ࣮ࣔࣛ࠸࠺ࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚」㞧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔ ࡀࠊཎ๎ࡣࠊ5 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢㄒࢆ 2㹼4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡢ㛗ࡉ⦰ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ11 㸦15㸧 a. ࢫࢺࣛ࢟ Ѝ ࢫࢺ b. ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣟࢣ c. ࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥ Ѝ ࢸࣞࣅ d. ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣮ࣟࢸ e. ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣛࢫࢺ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞༢⣧ㄒࡢ▷⦰㛵ࡍࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ඛ⾜◊✲㸦Ito㸦1990㸧ࠊKubozono㸦2003㸧࡞㸧࡛♧ ࡉࢀࡓไ⣙㢮ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦L㸻㍍㡢⠇㸻1 ࣮ࣔࣛ㡢⠇ࠊH㸻㔜㡢⠇㸻2 ࣮ࣔࣛ㡢⠇㸧ࠋ 69 㸦16㸧 a. 1 ࣮ࣔࣛࡸ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛࡢฟຊᙧࡣチᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦㸧ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *ࠊ*ࣛࢫࢺࣞ b. 1 㔜㡢⠇㸦H㸧ࡣチᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦㸧࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *࣮ࣟ ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ Ѝ *ࢩࣥ c. ㍍㡢⠇㸩㔜㡢⠇㸦LH㸧ࡢ 3 ࣮ࣔࣛᙧࡣチᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦㸧ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *ࣟࢣ࣮ d. ㍍㡢⠇㸩㔜㡢⠇㸩㍍㡢⠇㸦LHL㸧ࡢ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛᙧࡣチᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦㸧ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ ࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ฟຊᙧྜࢃࡏ࡚ไ⣙࣭᮲௳ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡇࡋࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣዲࡲࡋ࠸୍⯡ࡣ ゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ㸦ఱ࡛ࡶㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡣఱࡶㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢྠࡌࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㸦16 㸧ࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚ࡶࠊḟࡢ㸦17㸧࡛ࠕ㸽ࠖࢆࡅࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᙧࡀ࡞ࡐ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢࡀㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦17㸧 a. ࢫࢺࣛ࢟ Ѝ 㸽ࢫࢺࣛ b. ࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥ Ѝ 㸽ࢸࣞࠊ㸽ࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙ c. ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ 㸽ࣛࠊ㸽ࣛࢫ ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣔࣛࡸ㡢⠇ᩘ௨እࡢほⅬࡽྍ⬟࡞▷⦰ᙧࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡓ◊✲ࢆࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ Labrune㸦2002㸧ࡣࠊḟࡢ㸦18㸧ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࢡࢭࣥࢺࡢ⨨ࢆᇶ‽ࡋࡓไ⣙ࢆᥦࡋࡓࠋ 㸦18㸧 ධຊࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺ㸦᰾㸧ࡢ๓࡛▷⦰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ࣛࢫࢺࣞЯ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣛࢫࢺȭ ࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠖࡣࠕࣞࠖࢡࢭࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ๓ࡢࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖ ࠸࠺㒊ศࡀṧࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ Labrune ㄝᚑ࠼ࡤࠊ࠼ࡤ influenza ࡀࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ flu ␎ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ㸦ࠕࣥࣇ࢚ࣝЯࣥࢨࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ㸧ࠕࣥࣇࣝࠖ␎ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡀㄝ ࡛᫂ࡁࡑ࠺࡛ࠊ⯆῝࠸㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺ⨨ᇶ࡙ࡃ▷⦰ㄒࡢㄝ࡛᫂ࡣࠊ ࠼ࡤࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅЯࢪࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇࣞЯ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢽ࣓Я࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡀ㸦ࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇ ࣞࠖࠊࠕࢽ࣓࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㸧ࠕࢸࣞࠖࠊࠕࣥࣇࠖࠊࠕࢽࠖ࡞ࡿㄗࡗࡓண ࢆࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ Laburune ㄝࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ▷⦰ᙧࡗ࡚ࡣዲ㒔ྜ࡛ࡶࠊࡢ▷⦰ᙧࡗ࡚ࡣࡴࡋࢁ㒔ྜ࠸࠺⤖ᯝ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡿࠋ ḟྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡁࡣࠊ❑ⷵ㸦2004㸧ࡸ❑࣭ⷵᑠᕝ㸦2005㸧ࡢᥦ࡛ࠊ㸦ࠕᦠᖏ㟁ヰࠖ࠸࠺」ྜ ㄒࡽࠕᦠᖏࠖ࠸࠺๓༙㒊ศࡀṧࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㸧 ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡣᨃఝ」ྜㄒ㸦pseudocompound㸧̿̿ࠕࣛࢫࢺ㸩࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ̿̿ศᯒ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ ࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡀṧࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ❑ⷵ㸦2010㸧ࡣࠊࡇࡢᨃఝ」ྜㄒ࠸࠺ᤊ࠼᪉ࢆࡉࡽ⢭⦓ࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢศ⠇ཎ⌮ ࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 70 㸦19㸧 a. 㡢⠇ࢆศ᩿ࡏࡎࠊ๓༙ᚋ༙ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅྠࡌ㛗ࡉ㸦࣮ࣔࣛᩘ㸧ศࡅࡿࠋ b. a ࡼࡾ➼ศศ⠇࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ๓༙㸼ᚋ༙ࡍࡿࠋ12 ࡓࡋࠕ㹼࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠖ⤊ࢃࡿእ᮶ㄒࡣ࡞ࡾ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ㒊ศࢆࠕ」ྜㄒࡢᚋ༙せ⣲ⓗ࡞ࡶ ࡢࠖ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ❑ⷵ㸦2010㸧ࡣࠊ4 ࣮ࣔࣛㄒࡢࠕ࢚ࣟᮏࠖᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ5 ࣔ ࣮ࣛㄒࡢࠕ࢚ࢵࢳᮏࠖ࡞ࡿࠕᮏࠖ㸦」ྜㄒࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧㐃⃮ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡞ࢆドᣐࡋ࡚ࠊ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢㄒࡣ㡢㡩ⓗ」ྜㄒぢ࡞ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ13 ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ❑ⷵࡢศᯒ࣭ᥦࢆࡢᵝࠎ࡞㐺⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࡍࡄၥ㢟Ⅼࡀᾋࡧୖࡀࡗ ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠕࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡣࠊ ࠕ㐲࠸㸦tele㸧ീࢆぢࡿࡇ㸦vision㸧ࠖ࠸࠺ㄒ※ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ ࡲࡓࠊࠕࣁࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡢࡢ㛵㐃ࡉࡏ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶࠊศࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸦ࠕࢸࣞࣅ㹺ࢪࣙࣥࠖ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧 ࠕࢸࣞ㹺ࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖศࡅࡿ᪉ࡀ⤯ᑐ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࡞ࢆ㸦19㸧ᚑࡗ࡚ศࡍࢀࡤࠊ 㸦ࠕ࢜࣌ࠖࠊ ࠕࢹࣔࠖࠊ ࠕ࣏࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㸧ࠕ࢜࣌ࣞ㸦࣮㸧ࠖࠊࠕࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺࠖࠊࠕ࣏ࣥࠖ࠸ࡗࡓㄗࡗࡓᙧࢆண ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ ࠺ࠋ ⤖ᒁࠊLabrune ㄝࡶ❑ⷵㄝࡶࠊ≉ᐃࡢࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ㠀ᖖ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊ✀ࠎࡢ 㐺⏝⠊ᅖࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡈࡃᬑ㏻ࡢࡀ࠺ࡲࡃᢅ࠼࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࠼ࡗ࡚▩┪ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ ࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸲㸬㸰㸬ヨ ࡛ࡣࠊᮏ⠇࠾࠸࡚ࠊ௦ࢆᥦࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ⤖ㄽࢆඛྲྀࡾࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ▷⦰ㄒᙧᡂ㛵ࡍࡿ⚾ぢ ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㸦20㸧 i. ii. 㡢㡩ⓗ࡞ᇶ‽࣭ไ⣙ࡣᐇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ▷⦰ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝពࡀ㏻ࡌ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣඖࡶᏊࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ iii. ೃ⿵ㄒከᩘ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ iv. ࡢㄒྠᐃ㸦identify㸧࡛ࡁࡿࡲ࡛㛗ࡃࡍࡿࠋ ࡸࡸ⬺⥺ࡢࡼ࠺ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ᡃࠎࡢㄒᙡᩘ࠸࠺ࡇゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊWilliam Shakespeare ࡣ㠀ᖖㄒᙡࡀከࡗࡓࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊᙼࡢసရ୰ࡢㄒᙡࢆ㘓ࡋࡓ Alexander Schmidt ࡢ Shakespeare Lexicon and Quotation Dictionary ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄒᙡᩘࡣࠊ⣙ 5 ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡈࡃᬑ㏻ࡢேࡢㄒᙡᩘࡣ 3㹼4 ㄒ⛬ᗘ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊእ᮶ㄒࡢ▷ ⦰ᙧࡑࡢཎㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡛ࡣࠊࠗᗈ㎡ⱌ࠘࡞࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊᑠᏛ⏕ࡶ㐺ࡋࡓࠗゎ Ꮫ⩦ᅜㄒ㎡࠘ 㸦ᑠᏛ㤋㸧 㸦௨ୗࠗᅜ࠘␎ࡍ㸧㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢࢆၥ㢟ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡣࡎ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ ཧ⪃ࡲ࡛ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡛ࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ௨ୗࡢࠕ࣎࢟ࣕ㈋ࢸࢫࢺࠖ 㸦NTT ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢩࣜ ࣮ࢬࠗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘ࢆཧ↷㸧࡛☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ 71 ᲢᲣȁȣȳȔǪȳ ᲢᲣᅔଐ ᲢᲣ༪ႆ ᲢᲣȩǤȳ ᲢᲣƞƭLJᑪ ᲢᲣǬǹ ᲢᲣᝃ ᲢᲣᢅƝƢ ᲢᲣஔԏ ᲢᲣƦNjƦNj ᲢᲣᙸಊNJǔ ᲢᲣᬐƹƠƍ ᲢᲣஜ᫆ ᲢᲣǨȳDzȫ̞ૠ ᲢᲣජLJǓᡂlj ᲢᲣ᪳ƚλǕǔ ᲢᲣᚕƍႺƢ ᲢᲣƨƠƳLj ᲢᲣᒍ૨ ܖᲢᲣƸLJǓࢫ ᲢᲣƝǖӳǘƤ ᲢᲣіщ ᲢᲣ࣑ƹƤǔ ᲢᲣѝႆ ᲢᲣܿƠ ᲢᲣႸႉƠ ᲢᲣᛪƍ ᲢᲣرǓሪ ᲢᲣൢɣƞ ᲢᲣᒧဪ ᲢᲣٻᐅᭌ ᲢᲣᘐɶ ᲢᲣඣ ֥ބᲢᲣᘉᆋ ᲢᲣरბ ᲢᲣΨ ᲢᲣᙍಮ ᲢᲣଊᇨ ᲢᲣƔǜơƖ ᲢᲣƢƬƜlj ᲢᲣᡄ ᲢᲣԓ ᲢᲣᡁဪ ᲢᲣȩǤȋȳǰ ᲢᲣǿǯ ᲢᲣভ ᲢᲣᨉᦩ ᲢᲣථຠ ᲢᲣᤅƕƑǓ ᲢᲣ᪴Ϟɧᩙ ᳕ਖ਼ܭᛖ࢛ૠ᳗ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ᲢᲣLJưư ᛖ ࡇࡢࢸࢫࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᥎ᐃㄒᙡᩘࡀ㍍ࠎ5 ㄒࢆ㉸࠼ࡿேࡣࡑࢀከࡃ࡞࠸ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ ୍⯡ࡢேࡢㄒᙡᩘࢆ 3㹼4 ㄒࡋ࡚ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ ㆟ㄽࢆ༢⣧ࡋ࡚ࠊ༑㡢ᅗྵࡲࢀࡿᩥᏐ㸦㡢⠇࣭࣮ࣔࣛ㸧ᩘࢆ 50 ࡋ࡚ᆒ➼ 3㹼4 ㄒࢆ ࡿࠊ୍ࡘࡢ௬ྡᩥᏐ࡛ጞࡲࡿㄒࡣ 600㹼800 ㄒ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ࠊ5 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢ㛗ࡉ ࢆᣢࡘእ᮶ㄒ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑࡢᩘࡣ 30㹼40 ㄒ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆࡉࡽ༢ ⣧ㄒ㝈ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊΎ㡢࣭⃮㡢ࠊ┤㡢࣭ᣉ㡢ࡢ༊ูࡶ⾜࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢᩘࢆ༙ศ௨ୗࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊྠ㡢࡛ጞࡲࡿೃ⿵ㄒࡀ 10㹼20 ㄒᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ᥎ᐃᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࡀࠕࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ㄒࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡿసᴗࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⤠ࡾ ㎸ࡳࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ♧ࡏࡤࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᣲࡆࡓㄒᙡࡣࠗᅜ ➨භ∧࠘㸦1990㸧ࡽ ࡗࡓࠋ14 72 㸦21㸧 ࠕࢸࠖ Ѝ ࠕࢸࣞࠖ ࢞ࣜ Ѝ ࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖ ➇த┦ᡭ㸸 ➇த┦ᡭ㸸 ➇த┦ᡭ㸸 ⣙ 10 ㄒ ࠕࢸࣞࢱࣉࠖ ȭ ࠕࢸࣞࢵࢡࢫࠖ ࠕࢸࣞࣃࢩ࣮ࠖ ࠕࢸࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕࢸ࡛ࠖጞࡲࡿㄒࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊఱࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠕࢸ ࣞࠖ㛗ࡃࡍࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡲࡔࠕࢸࣞࣃࢩ࣮ࠖ࡞ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡉࡽ㛗ࡃࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࡍࢀࡤࠊ㸦ȭ࡛⾲ࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸧➇ྜࡍࡿࡶࡢ̿̿ྠࡌ㡢࣭ᩥᏐࢆᣢࡘእ᮶ㄒ ̿̿ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ㸦࢞ࣜ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸧ࠕࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡢࡇ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ15 ྠᵝࠊ࠼ࡤࠕࢥࣥࣃࢽ࣮㸦company㸧ࠖࡀࠕࢥࣥࣃࠖ࡞ࡿ㸦ࡕ࡞ࡳࠕ࢝ࣥࣃࠖࡣࣟࢩㄒ ࡢࠕ࢝ࣥࣃࢽ㸦kampaniya㸧ࠖࡢ␎㸧ࡢࡶࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࢥ ࣥࢧ࣮ࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺࠖ ࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࢳ࢙ࣝࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࢹࢩࣙࣥࠖ ࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࢥ ࣥࢺࣛࣂࢫࠖ ࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࣂࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࣅࢼ࣮ࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࣅࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࣉࣞࢵ ࢡࢫࠖࠊࠕࢥ࣮ࣥ࣋ࣖࠖ࡞➇த┦ᡭࡀከᩘ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࠕࢥࣥࣃࠖ 3 ࣮ࣔࣛᚲせ࡞ࡿㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ ࡼ࠺ࠋ16 ࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕࢥࣥࠖࡀ㔜㡢⠇ࡔࡽチࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺㸦16b㸧ࡼࡿㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡿᚲせࡣࡲࡗࡓ ࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢᮏㄽࡢᥦࡢᨭᣢ࡞ࡿ̿̿ࠗᅜ ➨∧࠘ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶཎㄒࡀ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿ̿̿ࢆࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡢࡇࡶゐࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ௨ୗᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡍࡿࠋ 㸦22㸧 a. ࢹ࣐ࢦࢠ࣮Ѝࢹ࣐㸦ࠕࢹࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢹࢥ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢹࢨࢼ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࢹࣀ࣑ ࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ ࠊࠕࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࠖࠊࠕࢹࣔࢡࣛࢩ࣮ࠖ࡞ࡽ༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸧 b. ࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝ Ѝ ࣜࣁ 㸦ࠕࣜࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣜࣜࢸ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࣜࢡ࢚ࢫࢺࠖࠊࠕࣜࢧࢱ ࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࣜࢽ࣮ࣗࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࣜࣂ࣮ࢩࣈࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࣜࣇࣞࢵࢩࣗࠖ ࠊ ࠕ࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ࠖ࡞ೃ⿵ㄒࡀ ከᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸧 c. ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ Ѝ ࣥࢣ 㸦ࠕࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣥࢥ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕࣥࢧࣥࣈࣝࠖࠊࠕࣥ ࣃࠖࠊࠕࣥࣔࢼࢺࠖࠊࠕࣥࣔࢽࠖ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧 d. ࣮࢜ࢣࢫࢺࣛ Ѝ ࢜ࢣ 㸦ࠕ࢜ࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕ࣮࢜ࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࢹࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕ࢜ ࢟ࢩࢻ࣮ࣝࠖ ࠊ ࠕ࢜ࢡࢱ࣮ࣈࠖࠊ ࠕ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮ࣂ࣮ࠖࠊ ࠕ࢜ࣈ࣮ࣛࢺࠖࠊ ࠕ࣮࢜ࣛࣥ࢘ࢱࣥࠖ ࠊ ࠕ࢜ ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࠖࠊࠕ࢜ࣝࢦ࣮ࣝࠖ࡞ከᩘೃ⿵ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚⣮ࡽࢃࡋ࠸ࡀࠊࠕ࢜ࢣ࡛ࠖ࠶ࢀࡤᑐ ᢠࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧 e. ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ Ѝ ࢩ࣏ࣥ 㸦ࠕࢩࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢩࣥࢭࢧࢲ࣮ࠖࠊࠕࢩࣥࣇ࢛ࢽ࣮ࠖ ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧 f. ࢲࣖࣔࣥࢻ Ѝ ࢲࣖ 㸦ࠕࢲࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢲ࢚ࢵࢺࠖࠊࠕࢲ࢜࢟ࢩࣥࠖࠊࠕࢲ ࢪ࢙ࢫࢺࠖ ࠊ ࠕࢲࢼ࣐ࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࢲࣅࣥࢢࠖ࡞ࡢೃ⿵ㄒࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧 g. ࣇ࢙ࢫࢸࣂࣝ Ѝ ࣇ࢙ࢫ 㸦ࠕࣇ࢙ࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣇ࢙ࣥࢩࣥࢢࠖ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞ ࠸ࠋ㸧 73 h. ࣮࢜ࢺ࣐ࢳࢵࢡЍ࣮࢜ࢺ࣐㸦ࠕ࣮࢜ࢺࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕ࣮࢜ࢺࣂࠖࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࢺ࣓࣮ ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡽ༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧 i. ࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝ Ѝ ࣉࣟࣇ 㸦ࠕࣉࣟࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠖࠊࠕࣉࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࣉࣟࢸࢫࢱࣥࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࣉࣟࢹ࣮ࣗࢧ࣮ࠖࠊ ࠕࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࣉ ࣏࣮ࣟࢬࠖࠊࠕࣉࣟࣞࢱࣜࠖࠊࠕࣉ࣮ࣟࣟࢢࠖࠊࠕࣉࣟࣥࣉࢱ࣮ࠖ࡞ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡀከᩘ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ㸧17 j. ࢥࣥࣅࢽ࢚ࣥࢫ㸦ࢫࢺ㸧 Ѝ ࢥࣥࣅࢽ 㸦ࠕࢥࣥࣅࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࢥࣥࣅࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࢥࣥࣅࢼ࣮ࢺࠖ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧 k. ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥЍࣉࣜ㸦ࠕࣉࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡞ࡢ➇த┦ᡭࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋ㸧 l. ࣃࣥࢡࢳࣗ Ѝ ࣃࣥࢡ 㸦ࠕࣃࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣃࣥࢱࢢࣛࣇࠖࠊ ࠕࣃࣥࢺ࣐࣒ࠖࠊ ࠕࣃ ࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࠖ࡞༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸧 m. ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺ Ѝ ࣃࣥࣇ 㸦㸦22l㸧ࢆཧ↷㸧 ࡉࡽࠊࠗᅜ࠘ࡣཎㄒࡀ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ㄒᙡ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᖖࡼࡃ⪥ࡍࡿ▷⦰࡛࠶ࡾࠊୖ㏙ࡢ ᥦἢࡗ࡚㐺ษㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡶࡢࢆࠊ➇த┦ᡭ࡞ࡾᚓࡿㄒඹᣲࡆࡼ࠺ࠋ18 㸦23㸧 a. ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸭࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ Ѝ ࢜࣌ 㸦㸦22d㸧ࢆཧ↷ࠋࠕ࢜࣌ࣞࢵࢱࠖ࠸࠺ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛㄒࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࢱࣜㄒࡽࡢఏ᮶ㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊḷࢆ⾲ࡍࡸࡸ≉Ṧ࡞⏝ㄒ ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡣ࡞ࡾࡃ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ㸧 b. ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ Ѝ ࣏ 㸦ࠕࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕ࣮ࢳ࢙࣮ࣜࠖࠊ ࠕࢡࢭࢧ࣮ࣜࠖࠊ ࠕ ࢡࢭࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕࢡࣟࣂࢵࢺࠖࠊࠕࢩࢫࢱࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕࢫࣞࢳࢵࢡࠖࠊࠕࢭࢳࣞࣥࠖࠊࠕࢵ ࣉࣜࢣࠖࠊࠕࢻࣂࢫࠖࠊࠕࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕࢼ࢘ࣥࢫࠖࠊࠕࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊࠕ ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࠊࠕࣛ࢝ࣝࢺࠖࠊࠕࣝࢥ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕࣝࣂࢺࠖࠊࠕࣝࣇ࣋ࢵࢺࠖࠊࠕ࣑ࣝ ࢽ࣒࢘ࠖࠊ ࠕࣞࣝࢠ࣮ࠖ ࠊ ࠕࣥࢥ࣮ࣝࠖ࡞ೃ⿵ࡀከࡍࡂࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ࠕ࣏࡛ࠖࡶࠕ࣏ ࢫࢺࣟࣇ࣮ࠖ࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀṧࡿࡀࠊࠕ10 ࣏ࢆධࢀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࠸᪉ࡣ ࠕ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࡢ᪉ࡋࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊุู࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ㸧 c. ࢥࣥ࣌ࢸࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࢥࣥ࣌ 㸦᪤㏙ࡢࠕࢥࣥࣃࠖࢆཧ↷㸧 d. ࢥ࣏࣮ࣥࢿࣥࢺ Ѝ ࢥ࣏ࣥ 㸦ྠୖ㸧 e. ࣥࣇࣛࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮ࣕ Ѝ ࣥࣇࣛ 㸦ࠕࣥࣇࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣥࣇ࢚ࣝࣥࢨࠖࠊ ࠕ ࣥࣇ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧 f. ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ Ѝ ࣓ࣥࢸ 㸦ࠕ࣓ࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕ࣓ࣥࢱࣜࢸ࣮ࠖࠊࠕ࣓ࣥࢯ࣮ࣝࠖ࡞ ༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㸧 g. ࣇࣥࢹ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣇࣥࢹ 㸦ࠕࣇࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣇࣥࢱࢪ࣮ࠖ࡞༊ู ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊfan ࡶΰྠࡍࡿࠋ㸧 h. ࣏ࣥࢸࣥࢶ Ѝ ࣏ࣥ 㸦ࠕࣥࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࣥࢢࣜࢵࢩࣗࠖࠊࠕࣥࢫࢱࣥࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢱ࣮ࢳ࢙ࣥࢪࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࠖ ࠊ ࠕࣥࢹࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࢸࣜࠖࠊ ࠕ 74 ࣥࢺࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࣃࢡࢺࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ ࠊ ࠕࣥࣇ࢚ࣝࣥࢨࠖࠊ ࠕࣥࣇ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ೃ⿵ㄒከᩘ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ3 ࣮ࣔࣛ┠ࡢࠕ࣏ࠖࡲ࡛ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧 㸦22㸧㸦23㸧ᣲࡆࡓࡣࠊ 㸦16㸧ࡢไ⣙㢮ࡸࠊࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆ㢗ࡾࡍࡿ Labrune ㄝࡸࠊᨃఝ」ྜ ㄒ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ❑ⷵㄝࡼࡽࡎࡶ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࢡࢭࣥࢺㄝࡸ➼ศἲ࡛ࡣㄗࡗࡓண ࢆࡋ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠕ࣏ࣥࢺ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࡞࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸧ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡢ᭷↓࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊ᫂ᛌ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀྍ ⬟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊእ᮶ㄒ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࠼ࡤ㸦」ྜㄒࡢ㸧ࠕࡘࡅࡲࡘࡆࠖࡣࠕࡘࡅࡲࠖ࠸࠺ලྜ ▷⦰ᙧࢆ 3 ࣮ࣔࣛࡍࡿࡢࡶࠊࠕࡘࡅࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠕࡘࡅࡸࡁࡤࠖ࡞ΰྠࡍࡿࡽࠊ࠸ࡗࡓㄝ ᫂ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ௨ୗᣲࡆࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡣࠊᮏㄽࡗ࡚ࡣ᭷ࡶࡶゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦24㸧 a. ࢚ࣟࣅࢡࢫ Ѝ ࢚ࣟࣅ b. ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࣉࣞࢮࣥ c. ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ 㸦᪂ධ⏕࣭᪂ධ♫ဨ㸧࢜ࣜ d. 㸦ࢿࢵࢺࡸ࣓࣮ࣝࡢヰ㢟࡛㸧ࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ Ѝ ࣞࢫ e. ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ ࢥࣛ࣎ ࠕ࢚࡛ࣟࠖጞࡲࡿእ᮶ㄒࡣࠊ ࠗᅜ࡛࠘ࡣࠕ࢚ࣟࣅࢡࢫࠖࡋぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ␎ࡣ㸦ࠕ࢚ ࣟࣅ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ࠕ࢚࡛ࣟࠖ༑ศ࠸࠺ண ࡞ࡿࠋᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࡈࡃᬑ㏻ࡢேࡢㄒᙡᩘྜ࠺ࡼ ࠺ࠊ㘓ㄒᩘࡢከࡃ࡞࠸㎡᭩ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ♧ࢆࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊከࡃࡢ␎ㄒࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡢࡣⱝ࠸ୡ ௦࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᙼ࣭ᙼዪࡽࡀ᪥ࠎ᥋ࡍࡢࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࠼ࡤࠊGoogle ࡛ࡢኚ ೃ⿵࡞ࢆཧ⪃➇த┦ᡭࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ᪉ࡀዲࡲࡋ࠸ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋヨࡋ Google ᳨⣴࡛ࠕ࠼ ࠶ࢁࠖධࢀ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࣂࢡࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࢫ࣑ࢫࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࢤࣝࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࣅࢡࢫࠖࠊࠕ࢚ ࣏ࣟࢫࢸ࣮ࣝࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࣇࣞࢵࢡࢫࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣟࣉࣞࢫࠖ࠸ࡗࡓೃ⿵ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࠕ࢚ ࣟࣅࠖ➨ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡲ࡛♧ࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠕ࢚ࣟࣅࢡࢫࠖ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋḟࠊ 㸦24b, c, d㸧 ࡢࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࠖࠊࠕ࢜ࣜࠖࠊࠕࣞࢫࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ▷⦰ᙧ࡛ࡣࠊࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࠖࠊࠕࣞ ࢫࢺࣛࣥࠖࡸࠕࣞࢫࣜࣥࢢࠖ࠸ࡗࡓೃ⿵ࡢ༊ูࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊᥦ♧࣭ㄝ᫂ࡢ ሙ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᏛᰯ࣭♫ࡢ⾜㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࠊࢿࢵࢺࡸ࣓࣮ࣝ㛵ࡍࡿヰ㢟࡛ࠊ࠸ࡗࡓලྜࠊࡑࢀ ࡽࡀࢃࢀࡿࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡼࡗ࡚ఱࢆᣦࡍࡢࡀ༑ศ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ௨ୖ㛗ࡃ࠶ࡿᚲせࡣ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ19 㸦24e㸧ࡢࠕࢥࣛ࣎ࠖࡢሙྜࠊࠕࢥ࡛ࣛࠖጞࡲࡿ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢእ᮶ㄒࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࠕࢥࣛࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࠕࢥࣛ࣎ࠖ࠸࠺␎ㄒࡣࠊ㡢 ᴦ㛵ಀ⪅࡞ࡢ࠸ࢃࡤᑓ㛛⏝ㄒⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᑡࡋ≉Ṧ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ20 ࠶ࡘὀពࡍࡁⅬࢆ⿵グࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋࠕࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ㸦࣮࣎ࣝ㸧ࠖЍࠕࣂࢫࢣࠖ࠸࠺▷⦰ࡣࠊ ูࡢ᮲௳ࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࣂࢫ࡛ࠖጞࡲࡿእ᮶ㄒࡣࠊ」ྜㄒ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠕࣂࢫ࣭ࢱ࢜ࣝࠖࠊ ࠕࣂ ࢫ࣭࣮࣒ࣝࠖ ࠊ ࠕࣂࢫ࣭࣮ࣟࣈࠖࠊ ࠕࣂࢫ࣭ࢱ࣮࣑ࢼࣝࠖࡢࡼ࠺࠸ࡃࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ༢⣧ㄒ࡛ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ࠕࣂࢫࠖ࠸࠺␎ࡋ᪉࡛ࡶኵᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢࠕࣂࢫ㸦bus, bass, bath㸧ࠖ༊ูࡀࡘ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㜼Ṇࡉࢀࠊ ࠕࣂࢫࢣࠖ࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊඹ 75 ≀౯㛵ࡍࡿ⤒῭⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ ࠕࣥࣇ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ࡣࠕࣥࣇࣞࠖ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡔࡀࠊ ࠕࢹࣇ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ࡣ 3 ࣮ࣔࣛࡢࠕࢹࣇࣞࠖ࠸࠺ලྜ㛗ࡉࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸦ᇶయ㒊ศࡣྠࡌ࡛ࡶࠊ 㸧 ᥋㢌㎡ࡢ in- de-ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊࠕࣥࣇࣞࠖࡢ᪉ࡀ➇த┦ᡭࡀከࡗࡓࡢ࡛㛗ࡃ ࡞ࡗࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ˑȅ͂͛͂͘ജབġ ▷⦰ㄒ㛵ࡋ࡚ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲࡛ၐ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠕLH ࠸࠺୪ࡧࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ไ⣙࡛ ࡣࠊ࠼ࡤ*He are students.ࡀ㠀ᩥἲⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆࠊ ࠕ୕ே⛠༢ᩘ᱁ࡢே⛠௦ྡモ be ࡢ」ᩘᙧ ࠾ࡼࡧே⛠༢ᩘ┤᥋ἲ⌧ᅾᙧྡモࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣඹ㉳ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ ࠺㸽 ࠶ࡗࡉࡾࠕே⛠࣭ᩘࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࡽ࢘ࢺࠖㄝ᫂ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ▷⦰ᙧࡘ ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㝖ࡍࡁ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆಶูᣦᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡼࡾࡶࠊࠕ➇த┦ᡭࡀ࠸ࡿ࣭࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࠸ ࠺༢⣧᫂ᛌ࡞ᇶ‽࡛ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ᪉ࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ 㸳㸬㸯㸬ⱥㄒࡢᛂ⏝ ࡉࡽࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ␎ㄒᙧᡂࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ ࠕ1 㔜㡢⠇ࡣྍ㸸 ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ѝ *࣮ࣟࠖ ➼ࡢไ⣙ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊゝㄒᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊಶูゝㄒⓗ࡞Ỵࡲࡾࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡍ ࡂ࡞࠸ࡇࡀၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ professional/prostitute Ѝ pro [prou]࡞ࡀྍ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ␎ㄒ࡛ 1 㔜㡢⠇ࡀ㝖ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊᮏㄽࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡀ࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ▷ࡃ࡚ࡶࡼ ࠸ࡀࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡀከࡅࢀࡤ㸦༊ูࡢࡓࡵ㸧㛗ࡃ࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᤊ࠼᪉࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ௨ እࡶ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊexamination ࡢ␎ࡀ ex ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ exam ࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊex-ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣೃ⿵ㄒ ࡀከࡍࡂ࡚ྠᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࠊinformation Ѝ info, discotheque Ѝ disco, prefabricated house Ѝ prefab ࡞ࡣࠊin-, dis-, pre-ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣೃ⿵ㄒࡀከࡍࡂࡓࡢ࡛ 2 㡢⠇┠ࡀᚲ せ࡛࠶ࡗࡓㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊadvertisement Ѝ ad ࠸ࡗࡓ▷⦰ᙧࡣࠊ୍ぢ▷ࡍࡂ࡚࠶࠸ࡲ࠸ ࡞ࡾࡑ࠺ࡔࡀࠊadministration ࡣ admin.࠸࠺␎ㄒࡀ࠶ࡾࠊadvantage Ѝ ad ࠸࠺┬␎ࡣࢸ ࢽࢫ⏝ㄒ㝈ࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡽࠊၥ㢟࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡋࠊadvertisement ࢆ❑ⷵㄝᚑࡗ࡚ࡰ➼ศ ࡍࡿࠊadvert ࡋㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡶὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊinfluenza Ѝ flu, refrigerator Ѝ fridge ࡞ࡣࠊin-ࡸ re-࡛ጞࡵ࡚ࡣ➇㉮┦ᡭࡀ⭾ࡔࡋࠊ influ, refridge ࡛ࡣࡸࡸ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡍࡂࡿࡢ࡛ࠊྜ⌮ⓗ̿̿ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ↓㥏࡞➇தࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ̿̿୰ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ఙࡤࡍࠊ࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤఙࡤࡉ࡞࠸ࠊ ࠸࠺ᮏㄽࡢㄝࡀ㛫᥋ⓗᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ21 Street ࡢ␎ࡋ࡚ࡣ St.ࡀ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ Station ࡢ᪉ࡣ Sta.ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡶࠊᮏㄽࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡢṇࡋࡉࡢഐド࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸳㸬㸰㸬ṧࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟 ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࠊᮏㄽࡢᥦࡔࡅ࡛ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡎṧࡿၥ㢟ࠊࡑࢀࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞どⅬ࡞ ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡽ␎ㄒࢆసࡿሙྜࠊᮏㄽࡢᥦᇶ࡙ࡅࡤࠊࠕ࡛ࣛࠖጞࡲࡿㄒࡣ ࢇ࡞࠸㸦ࡘࡲࡾ➇த┦ᡭࡀ࠸࡞࠸㸧ࡢ࡛ࠊ▷⦰ᙧࡣࠕࣛࠖண ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡐࠕ ࣛࢫࢺࠖ࠸࠺ලྜ㛗ࡵࡢ␎ㄒࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡀ᫂ࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ❑ⷵᬕኵẶ㸦ಶேⓗᑐヰ㸧ࡣࠊ 76 ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢࡼ࠺ 8 ࣮ࣔࣛࡶ࠶ࡿ㛗࠸ㄒࡣࠊ㸦࠼ࡤࠕࢫࢺࣛ࢟ࠖࡢࡼ࠺ 5 ࣮ࣔ ࣛࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ㄒẚ࡚ࠊ㸧␎ㄒࡶ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿᙇࡍࡿࠋ┤ほⓗࡣ㸦␎ㄒࡶࠊඖࠎࡀ㸧㛗࠸ࡶ ࡢࡣ㛗ࡃࠊ▷࠸ࡶࡢࡣ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡣṇࡋ࠸ࡼ࠺ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࡞ࡐ ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ௨ୖ㛗࠸ࠕࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ㄒࢆࠕࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺࠖࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡸࡣࡾࠊཎㄒࡢ㛗ࡉᇶ‽࡛ࡣ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖ ࡽࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࢆࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸽 ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆ➹⪅ࡢࢮ࣑ ⏕ࡓࡕᢞࡆࡅࡓࡇࢁࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ⓑ࠸ពぢࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㸦25㸧 a. b. ᴗ⏺࡛ࡣࠕࣛࠖ␎ࡍࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕࣛࢫࢺ࣭ࣉࣜࣥࢱ࣮ࠖ࡞ࠊ」ྜㄒࡢせ⣲ࡋ࡚ࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࢆ࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊࡶࡣࡸ ࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࢆ␎ㄒࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ㸽 ࡲࡓࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡀࠕࣛࢫࢺ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎㸦▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࣥࢸ࡛ࣜࠊ㸧▱ࡽ࡞࠸ேࡀከ࠸ࡣࡎࠋ c. ࠕࢫࢺࠖࡸࠕࢹࣔࠖࡣ᪂⪺⣬㠃࡞ࡼࡃ㍕ࡗࡓㄒࡔࢁ࠺ࡽࠊ▷࠸ࡶࡢࡀዲࡲࢀࡓࡣ ࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡣࡑࢀ⣬㠃㍕ࡗࡓㄒࡣᛮࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡽࠊ ᴟ➃▷ࡃࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸽 d. ᭱ึࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࢆࡗࡓேࡣࠊ ࠕࣃࢯࢥࣥࠖࡳࡓ࠸㸦4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡢ㸧ࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖࡀ ࢝ࢵࢥ࠸࠸ᛮࡗ࡚ゝࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ㸽 ࡇࢀࡽࡣ᥎ ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᐇࡣᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡾ☜࡞㆟ㄽࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ␎ㄒࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ⤒⦋࣭Ṕྐ࡞ࡶࡋࡗࡾㄪ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢᣋ ✏ࡢᑕ⛬እ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋࠊࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖ࠸࠺▷⦰ᙧࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ㛵ࡍࡿㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾ✜ᙜ࡞௦ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚⥾ ࡵࡃࡃࡾࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ➨ 2 ⠇➨ 3 ⠇࡛ヲ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ2 ࣮ࣔࣛ 1 ࣇࢵࢺࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᇶᮏ༢ ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㠀」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧࡶࠊ2 ࣮ࣔࣛ 1 ࣇࢵࢺࡀᇶᮏⓗ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡞ሙྜࡣࠊࡑࡢಸࡢ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛㄒࡀ̿̿ࡕࡻ࠺」ྜㄒ▷⦰ ྠࡌࡼ࠺̿̿⌧ࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠕࣛࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣఱࡀ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ࠕ ࣛࢫ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠕࣛࢫࢺࠖ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࣇࢵࢺ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢥ࣮ࣟࣥ㸧࠸࠺༢ࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࠕࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡸࠕࣥࢸࣜࢤࣥࢳࣕࠖࡀࠊ ࠕࣜࣁࣅࠖࡸࠕࣥࢸ࡛ࠖࡶ༑ ศ࡞ࡣࡎࡔࡀࠊࠕࣜࣁࣅࣜࠖࠊࠕࣥࢸࣜࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶ♧၀ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ22 ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ3 ࣮ࣔࣛࡢ ▷⦰ᙧࡢ᪉ࡀࠊఱࡽࡢูࡢせᅉ㸦࠼ࡤࠊὀ 15 ࡸ 4.2.⠇ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࡸࠕࣂࢫ ࢣࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞㸧ࡀാ࠸ࡓ≉Ṧ࣭እⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ಕġ * ᮏ✏ࡣࠊᒣཱྀᏛ㛫Ꮫ◊✲ᡤദࡢ➨ 25 ᅇ㛫Ꮫࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸦2013 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࠊ㸸ᒣཱྀᏛ⥲ྜ◊✲Ჷࣇ࢛࣮ ࣒ࣛࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ㸧ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᮾி㡢㡩ㄽ◊✲㸦TCP㸧ࡢ㸦2013 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 20 ᪥ࠊ㸸ᮾிᏛ㥖ሙ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ㸧࠾࠸ ࡚ㅮ₇ࡋࡓෆᐜࢆࡲࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧຍㅖẶࡽከࡃࡢ㉁ၥ࣭ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊෆᐜ⪃࠸ᙺ❧ࡗࡓࠋ 77 ࡲࡓࠊ㈗㔜࡞ࣄࣥࢺࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓ༞ᴗ◊✲ࡢࢮ࣑⏕ࡓࡕ㸦ᒣෆேࠊᒸ㔝ᬛୡࠊ๓⏣⨾✑㸧ࡶឤㅰࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 1. ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ᥋㎡ࡢ࠸ࡓὴ⏕ㄒ㸦derivative㸧࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ⊂❧ࡋࡓㄒࡋ࡚ࡢせ⣲ࡀ 1 ࡘࡋྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶ ࡢࡣࠕ༢⣧ㄒࠖࡪࡇࡍࡿࠋ 㸦ᡂ⨾ᇽࠊ1997㸧ࡣࠊ“foot”࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡢゎㄝ࡛ࠊࠕྂリᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ༢ࡣ㊊ࢆ 2. ࠗ⌧௦ゝㄒᏛ㎡࠘ ྇ࡃࡇࡽᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡓࡇ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࡇࢀࡣࠊ ࠕ㊊࡛྇ࡃࠖࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃ ࢀࡿࠋ 3. ௨๓ࡣࠊfoot ࢆࠕ㡩⬮ࠖ࠸࠺ලྜከᑡ↓⌮ヂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸦ࠗᏛ⾡⏝ㄒ㞟 ゝㄒᏛ⦅࠘ 㸦᪥ᮏᏛ⾡⯆ࠊ1997㸧 ࡞ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠊ❑ⷵ㸦1995㸧࠾ࡼࡧ❑࣭ⷵኴ⏣㸦1998㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡉࡾࠕࣇࢵࢺࠖ࠸࠺ヂㄒࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚௨㝆ࡣࠊ㡢㡩ㄽ ⣔ࡢᏛ࡛ࡣࠕࣇࢵࢺࠖࡢ⏝ࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏ⠇ࡢෆᐜࡣࡇࡢ❑࣭ⷵኴ⏣㸦1998㸧ࡢ➨ϩ㒊➨ 3 ❶ࢆᇶࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ 4. ࠼ࡤ anecdote ࡣ<anec><dote Ԧ>࠸࠺ලྜḞ⠇ࢆ௬ᐃ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊリ࡛ࡶࠕᙉᙅᙅ᱁ࠖ 㸦dactyl㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡢ࡛ࠊcamera ࢆయ࡛ 1 ࣇࢵࢺࡋ࡚ᢅࡗ࡚ࡶ࠾ࡋࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ 5. ࠕ࣮ࣔࣛࠖࡣࠕᢿࠖࡰྠࡌព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊᇶᮏⓗࠊ௬ྡ 1 ᩥᏐ┦ᙜࡍࡿ㛗ࡉࡀ 1 ࣮࡛ࣔࣛ࠶ࡿ̿̿ࡓ ࡔࡋࠊᣉ㡢ࡢࠕࡁࡷࠖ࡞ࡣࠊ2 ᩥᏐ⏝࠸࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㛗ࡉࡣ 1 ࣮࡛ࣔࣛ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㡢⠇ᵓ㐀ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ༢⣧࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ ከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ1 㡢⠇ࡣ 1 ୍࣮ࣔࣛ⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㛗㡢㸦࣮㸧ࠊಁ㡢㸦ࡗ㸧ࠊ᧕㡢㸦ࢇ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ㔜ẕ㡢ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ ࡁࡣࠊ2 ࣮࡛ࣔࣛ 1 㡢⠇࡞ࡿࠋ 㔜ẕ㡢ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿドᣐࡋ࡚ࠊ࠼ࡤࠕධᏛᘧࠖࠕ㛤ᘧࠖࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆෆ┬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠕᘧࠖࡢࡼ ࠺࡞▷࠸ㄒࡀᚋ༙࠸ࡓ」ྜㄒࡣࠊ๓༙せ⣲ࡢ᭱ᚋࢡࢭࣥࢺ㸦᰾㸧ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣆࢵࢳࡢࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕධᏛᘧ࡛ࠖࡣ-ku-࡛ࣆࢵࢳࡀⴠࡕࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕ㛤ᘧ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕ㸦kai㸧ࠖࡢ i ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ a ࡛ࣆࢵࢳࡀⴠࡕࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ a ࡀ㡢⠇ࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗࡓ㔜ẕ㡢ࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ/kaJ/ࡸ/kay/࠸ࡗࡓ㡢⣲⾲グࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 6. ࠼ࡤࠊ 㸦࡞ࡾྂ࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊྂࡃࡽ࠶ࡿ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸧 ࠕࣔࢲ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࠖЍࠕࣔ࢞ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ࣮࣋ࢫࢵࣉࠖЍࠕ࣋ ࠖ࡞ࡣ 1 ࣮ࣔࣛࡎࡘࡋṧࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊ㛗㡢࣭ಁ㡢࠸ࡗࡓ≉Ṧ࣮ࣔࣛࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ㛵ಀࡋ ࡓእゝ࠼ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࠕࣇ࣮࣐࣮ࣜࢣࢵࢺࠖЍࠕࣇ࣐ࣜࠖ ࠊࠕࢫࣀ࣮࣮࣎ࢻࠖЍࠕࢫࣀ࣎ࠖࠊࠕᐙᗞᩍᖌࠖ Ѝࠕ࢝ࢸ࢟ࣙࠖ࡞ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᚋ༙せ⣲㛗㡢ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿሙྜࡣࠊᚋ༙ࡔࡅ 1 ࣮ࣔࣛࡍࡿࡀከ࠸ࡇࡶὀព ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸦ࡇࢁࡀࠊࠕࢫࣀ࣮࣎ࠖࡸࠕ࢝ࢸ࣮࢟ࣙࠖࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽࠊࠕࢫࢣ࣮ࢺ࣮࣎ࢻࠖࡢ␎ࡣ࡞ࡐࠕࢫࢣ࣮࣎ࠖ ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡸࡸࡇࡋ࠸㸧ࠋࡋࡋࠊ ࠕࢫ࢝ࣃ࣮ࣇ࢙ࢡ TVࠖЍࠕࢫ࢝ࣃ࣮ࠖࠊ ࠕࣔࣂࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࠖЍࠕࣔࣂࢤ࣮ࠖࠊ ࠕࣟ ࣥࢻࣥࣈ࣮ࢶ 1 ྕ 2 ྕࠖЍࠕࣟࣥࣈ࣮ࠖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᚋ༙せ⣲ࡢ㛗㡢ࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲṧࡿ␎⛠ࡶࡲࡲฟࡃࢃࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊ ࠕࣟ ࣖࣝ࣍ࢫࢺࠖЍࠕࣟ࣍ࠖࠊࠕࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥࠖЍࠕࢫ࣐࣍ࠖࠊࠕ⌮⣔ዪᏊࠖЍࠕࣜࢣࢪࣙࠖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㛗㡢ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ ࡶ 3 ࣮ࣔࣛࡵࡿࡶ᭱㏆ࡣቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋ 7. 」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧΰᡂㄒ㸦blend㸧ࡣࠊ2 ㄒࡽ୍㒊ࡎࡘࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍ࠸࠺ព࡛ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ༊ูࡀ 㞴ࡋ࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᐇ㝿ࠊᙳᒣ㸦2004㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡉ࠼ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢΰᡂㄒࡢࡋ࡚ࠕࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝ࢝ࣛࠖࡢ ▷⦰ᙧࡢࠕࢹࢪ࣓࢝ࠖࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ࠸ࡗࡓΰࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㸦ΰᡂㄒࡣࠊbrunch ѡ breakfast + lunch ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ཎㄒࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆᣦࡍࡼ࠺సࡽࢀࡿࡇὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ㸧ࡋࡋࠊⱥㄒࡢሙྜࡣពእ⡆༢࡞༊ูࡢ᪉ἲࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋBauer㸦1983㸧ࡼࡿࠊ」ྜㄒࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࡑࢀࡣ」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰ᙧุ᩿ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸㸦㸸 mídcùlt ѡ middlebrow culture, sítcòm ѡ situation comedy㸧ࠋ୍᪉ࠊΰᡂㄒ࡞ࡽࡤ Eurásia ѡ Europe + Asia ࡢࡼ࠺༢⣧ㄒ ࡢࢡࢭࣥࢺࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢࡣࠊࠕᒣཱྀᏛࠖЍࠕᒣࠖࡢࡼ࠺₎Ꮠࢆ୍Ꮠࡎࡘྲྀࡾฟࡍ┬␎ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡇὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋࡶࡋ₎ Ꮠࢆ୍Ꮠࡎࡘྲྀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࠕ࢟ࢱࢡࠖ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 78 ࠕࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࠖ࠸࠺㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ྡ⛠ࡀ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸᪉ࡀᴗ✀ᣑᙇࡣ㒔ྜࡀࡼ࠸ࠊ࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶ▷⦰ᙧࡣ࠶ ࡿࠋிࢭࣛࡢࡶࠊ࠼ࡤࠕᮾὒ㝡ჾࠖࡀࠕTOTOࠖ࠸࠺♫ྡ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡶᴗ✀ᣑᙇᙺ❧ࡗࡓ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ 10. ࡇࡇࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕⅆ㐟ࡧ ń ࣄ࣭ࢯࣅࠖ࡞ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢁࠊTCP ࠾࠸࡚ᶫᮏᶞẶࡽࠕ༢ 」ྜㄒࢡࢭࣥࢺࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ 2 ␒┠ࡢ࣮ࣔࣛࡀ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊ࣏࣮ࢬࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖࡢࡈᣦࢆཷ ࡅࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⏝ࢆᖹᯈᘧࢡࢭࣥࢺ࡞ࡿࡶࡢධࢀ᭰࠼ࡓࠋ 11. 㛗ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ㄒࢆࡇࡉࡽ␎ࡍᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ␎ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ୍ᐃ௨ୖࡢ㛗ࡉࢆᣢࡗࡓㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㛗ࡉࡣࠊᇶ ᮏⓗ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ ࠕ࣐ࢳࣗࠖЍࠕ࣐ࠖࡢࡼ࠺ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛㄒ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ␎ࡉࢀࡿ ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ 12. ࡇࡢ b ࡢつᐃࡼࡾࠊ࠼ࡤ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛㄒࡢࠕࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖࡣࠊ3 ࣮ࣔࣛࡢࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖ 2 ࣮ࣔࣛࡢࠕࢪࣙࣥࠖ ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ࠕ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࢆ㸦19㸧ᚑࡗ࡚ศࡅࢀࡤࠕ࣮ࣟࢸ࣮㹺ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡞ࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡢฟຊࡣࠕࣟ ࣮ࢸࠖ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࠼ࡤࠕᮏᙜࠖࠊࠕ᱁ዲࠖࡢㄒᮎ㛗ẕ㡢ࡀࠕ࣍ࣥࢺࠖࠊࠕ࢝ࢵࢥࠖ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇྠᵝ࡛ࠊ᪥ ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ❑ⷵࡣᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࠕࢽ࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢ␎ࡀࠕࢽ࣓࣮ࠖ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡶཧ↷㸧 ࠋ 13. ࡋࡋࠊ ࠕ㹼ᮏࠖ࠸࠺」ྜㄒ࡛ࡣࠊ㛗ࡉࡀ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୗ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖ࡛ࡓࡲࡓࡲ㐃⃮ࡢᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑ ࢀ௨እࡢࡶࡢࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᫂☜࡞ᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ㟷✵ࠖࠕࡾ✵ࠖࡣࡕࡽࡶࠕ㹼ࢰࣛࠖ࡞ࡿࠋ 14. ࡞࠾ࠊ༢ 5 ࣮ࣔࣛ௨ୖࡢࠕࢸࣞࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕ࡚ࢀ࡛ࠖጞࡲࡿㄒ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊྠ㎡ࡣࠊ ࠕࢸ࣮ࣞ࣍ࣥ࢝ࢻࠖࠊ ࠕࢸ ࣞࣅሪࠖࠊࠕ࡚ࢀࡃࡋࠖࠊࠕ࡚ࢀࡃࡉ࠸ࠖࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ༢⣧ㄒࡢእ᮶ㄒ࡛▷⦰ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍྡモࢆၥ㢟ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ᫂ࡽ」ྜㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡸࠊㄒࡸࠊ 㸦ရモࡀྡモ࡛࡞ࡃ㸧ᙧᐜモ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣ㝖࠸ࡓࠋࡕ࡞ࡳࠊ㎡ ᭩࡛ࡣྂ⮯ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓㄒ᪂ㄒࡢධࢀ᭰࠼ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊྠ㎡ࡢ➨∧㸦2010㸧࡞ࡿࠊ ࠕࢸࣞࢱࣉࠖࠊ ࠕࢸࣞࢵࢡࢫࠖࠊࠕࢸ࣮ࣞ࣍ࣥ࢝ࢻࠖࡣእࡉࢀ࡚ࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅࢤ࣮࣒ࠖࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅ࡛ࢇࢃࠖࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 15. 㟷ᒣᣅኸẶ㸦ಶேⓗᑐヰ㸧ࡽࠊࠕࢸࣞࣅࠖࡀ 3 ࣮ࣔࣛ࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊࢸࣞࣅࡼࡾඛᏑᅾࡋࡓࠕࣛࢪ࢜ ѡ radiotelegraphyࠖࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡈᣦࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ ࠕࢥࣥࣃࢫࠖࡣ 4 ࣮ࣔࣛࡋ 16. ࠕࢥ࡛ࣥࠖጞࡲࡿㄡࡶࡀ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿእ᮶ㄒࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕࢥࣥࣃࢫࠖࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛␎ㄒࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ➇த┦ᡭࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 17. ࠕࣉࣟࣇࠖࡀ㸦㡢࡛࡞ࡃᩥᏐᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸧ࠕࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝࠖࡢ␎ΰྠࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣࠊࠕࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙ ࢼࣝࠖࡣࠕࣉࣟࠖ࠸࠺␎ㄒࡢ⏝ࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࡞࠸ࠋ 18. ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ➇த┦ᡭࡢㄒࡶࠗᅜ ➨∧࠘ࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㸦23f㸧㛵ࡋ࡚ࡔࡅࡣࡢ㎡᭩ࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡓࠋ 19. ࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺࠖࢆࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࠖࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣࠊࢇ␎ࡋࡓࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠕࣉࣞࢮ࡛ࣥࠖ ࡣࠕࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺࠖࢆᣦࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ࡞࠸ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 20. ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊ 㸦ࠕ◊✲ᐊࠊᐇ㦂ᐊࠖࡣⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ lab ␎ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠕࣛ࣎ࠖ࠸࠺ලྜᚤጁ␗࡞ࡿࡼ ࠺ࠊ㸧collaboration ࡢⱥㄒࡢ␎ࡣ collab.࡞ࡿࡇࡶὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ 21. ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ」ྜㄒࡢ▷⦰࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ ࠕ⤖፧άືࠖЍࠕ፧άࠖࡢࡼ࠺୰ࢆṧࡍࡶࡢࡶᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ༢⣧ㄒࡢሙ ྜࡣࠊ㢌ࡽ㡢ࢆࡿࡇࡀᶆ‽ⓗ࡛ࠊⱥㄒࡢ flu ࡢࡼ࠺୰ࡢせ⣲ࢆᢳฟࡍࡿ␎ㄒࡣࡵࡗࡓฟࡃࢃࡉ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕࣥࢸࣜࠖࡀ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸ 22. ࠕࣥࢸࣜࠖࡀᮎᑿࡢࠕࠖࡔࡅᾘ࠼࡚␎ㄒ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋ 79 ४ચࡃȪৃങ႒͉જၞȫġ Bauer, Laurie㸦1983㸧English Word-formation, Cambridge: Cambridge UP. ูᐑ㈆ᚨ㸦1977㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࣜࢬ࣒࠘ㅮㄯ♫⌧௦᪂᭩㸬 Ito, Junko㸦1990㸧“Prosodic minimality in Japanese,” CLS 26-II, pp. 213-239. ᙳᒣኴ㑻㸦2004㸧First Steps in English Linguistics ➨ 2 ∧㸪ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸬 ❑ⷵᬕኵ㸦1995㸧ࠗㄒᙧᡂ㡢㡩ᵓ㐀࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸬 Kubozono, Haruo㸦1996㸧“Syllable and accent in Japanese: Evidence from loanword accentuation,” ࠗ㡢ኌᏛ ሗ࠘211, pp. 71-82. Kubozono, Haruo㸦2003㸧“The syllable as a unit of prosodic organization in Japanese,” in C. Féry and R. van de Vijver (eds.) The Syllable in Optimality Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 99-122. ❑ⷵᬕኵ㸦2004㸧ࠕ㡢㡩ᵓ㐀ࡽぢࡓ༢⣧ㄒὴ⏕ㄒࡢቃ⏺ࠖࠗᩥἲ㡢ኌϫ࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸪pp. 123-143. ❑ⷵᬕኵ㸦2010㸧ࠕㄒᙧᡂ㡢㡩ᵓ㐀̿▷⦰ㄒᙧᡂࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒̿ࠖࠗᅜㄒ◊ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࠘3, pp. 17-34. ❑ⷵᬕኵ࣭ᑠᕝྐ㸦2005㸧 ࠕࠗࢫࢺࣛ࢟࠘ࡣ࡞ࡐࠗࢫࢺ࠘㸽̿▷⦰༢ㄒศ⠇ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒̿ࠖ▼ᙉ⦅ࠗ⌧ ௦ᙧែㄽࡢ₻ὶ࠘ࡃࢁࡋ࠾ฟ∧㸪pp. 155-174. ❑ⷵᬕኵ࣭ኴ⏣⪽㸦1998㸧ࠗ㡢㡩ᵓ㐀ࢡࢭࣥࢺ࠘◊✲♫㸬 Labrune, Laurence 㸦 2002 㸧 “The prosodic structure of simple abbreviated loanwords in Japanese: A constraint-based account,” ࠗ㡢ኌ◊✲࠘6-1, pp. 98-120. NTT ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⛉Ꮫᇶ♏◊✲ᡤ┘ಟ㸦1999㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࠘୕┬ᇽ㸬 80