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『北陸地方における ASR 問題の解決を目指して』
金沢大学 SIP（戦略的イノベーション創造プログラム） 『北陸地方における ASR 問題の解決を目指して』 平成２８年９月３０日（金） KKR ホテル金沢 金沢大学 SIP シンポジウム WG2（ASR 部会）研究報告会 「北陸地方における ASR 問題の解決を目指して」 １．日 時：平成２８年９月３０日（金）１４時～１７時（13 時 30 分より受付開始） ２．場 所：ＫＫＲホテル金沢（石川県金沢市大手町２－３２）３階 鳳凰の間 ３．主 催：金沢大学 SIP，共催：北陸道路研究会，北陸 3 県コンクリート診断士会 ４．プログラム（14 時 00 分～17 時 00 分） 14:00～14:10 開会挨拶 ［金沢大学教授 14:10～14:40 特別講演１（講演 25 分，質疑 5 分） 鳥居和之］ 「内部膨張反応の診断と予測」 ［海上・港湾・航空技術研究所 14:40～15:10 川端雄一郎］ 特別講演２（講演 25 分，質疑 5 分） 「The 15th ICAAR 2016(Brazil,sao-Paulo)における ASR の話題」 ［金沢大学教授 15:10～15:20 休憩 15:20～16:50 一般発表（各発表 10 分，質疑 5 分） 鳥居和之］ 「各種環境下に曝された ASR 劣化構造物の特徴と使用•環境条件」 (1)15:20～15:35 北陸自動車道の ASR 劣化構造物の特徴と補修対策 ［(株)野村昌弘の研究所 野村昌弘］ (2)15:35～15:50 能登有料道路の ASR 劣化構造物の特徴と補強対策 ［石川県中能登土木総合事務所 (3)15:50～16:05 津田誠］ 道路橋 RC 床版の ASR の特徴とプレキャスト PC 床版の技術開発 ［(株)国土開発センター 浦修造］ (4)16:05～16:20 プレストレストコンクリートの ASR の特徴と対策 ［(株)ピーエス三菱 青山敏幸］ (5)16:20～15:35 道路トンネルの ASR の特徴と対策 ［アルスコンサルタンツ(株) 麻田正弘］ (6)16:35～16:50 水利構造物の ASR の特徴と調査診断 ［北陸電力(株) 16:50～17:00 閉会挨拶 参納千夏男］ ［(株)ピーエス三菱 小林和弘］ 䕔◊✲㛤Ⓨ㡯┠䠖䜲䞁䝣䝷䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᢏ⾡䛾ᅜෆእ䜈䛾ᒎ㛤䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯⤫ᣓⓗ◊✲ 䕔◊✲㛤Ⓨ䝔䞊䝬䠖䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᶫ䛾᪩ᮇຎᶵᵓ䛾ゎ᫂䛸 ᮦᩱ䞉ᵓ㐀ᛶ⬟ホ౯䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䝖䞊䝍䝹䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾㛤Ⓨ 䕔◊✲㈐௵⪅䠖㔠ἑᏛ ⌮ᕤ◊✲ᇦ ⎔ቃࢹࢨࣥᏛ⣔ ᩍᤵ 㫽ᒃஅ 䕔ඹྠ◊✲䜾䝹䞊䝥䠖㔠ἑᕤᴗᏛ㸪▼ᕝᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㸪㛗ᒸᢏ⾡⛉ᏛᏛ㸪⚟Ꮫ ⌧≧䛾ᡂᯝ䐟 ܹطэ҄ỆợụગӊẲẺᵮᵡఐỉ᠍ᒵᚾ᬴ ◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛾┠ⓗ䞉ෆᐜ 㻝㻜㻜㻜 ◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛾┠ⓗ 㻞㻜㻜㼗㻺 㻟㻤㻡㼗㻺 㻣㻢㻜㼗㻺 㻥㻜㻜 㖄┤Ⲵ㔜䠄㼗㻺䠅 㻤㻜㻜 㝣ᆅ᪉䛾ᶫᱱ䛿䠈௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛺㐣㓞⎔ቃୗ䛻䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊 ¾ ᾏᓊᆅᇦ䛷䛿䠈Ꮨ⠇㢼䛺䛹䛻䜘䛳䛶㣕᮶䛩䜛ሷศ䛻䜘䜚䠈ሷᐖຎ䛜⏕䛨䜛䠊 ¾ ✚㞷ᐮ෭ᆅᇦ䛷䛿䠈Ꮨ䛻ᩓᕸ䛥䜜䜛⤖㜵Ṇ䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䜘䜚ሷᐖຎ䛜⏕䛨䜛䠊 ¾ Ᏻᒣᒾ䛺䛹䛾ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䜢⏝䛧䛯ᶫᱱ䛻䛚䛔䛶㻭㻿㻾ຎ䛜⏕䛨䜛䠊 ܹطэ҄ ¾ ᒣ㛫㒊䛻䛚䛡䜛ᶆ㧗䛾㧗䛔ᆅᇦ䛷䛿ᐖຎ䛜㉳䛝䜔䛩䛔䠊 ┠ᶆ䠖 䛣䜜䜙䛿ᅜᶆ‽䛾⤒ᖺຎ䛸␗䛺䜚᪩ᮇ䛻䠈䛛䛴」ྜ䛧䛶ຎ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䠊㝣ᆅ᪉䛾㐨㊰ᶫ 䛻ᑐ䛩䜛Ⅼ᳨䞉デ᩿䞉䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䠈ホ౯䞉ุᐃ䠈ᑐ⟇䠄⿵ᙉ䞉⿵ಟ䞉᭦᪂䠅䜈䛾୍㐃䛾ὶ䜜䜢⏘ᏛᐁẸ䛾䝖䞊䝍䝹 䛺ᨭయไ䛾䜒䛸䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛧䛶☜❧䛩䜛䠊 㻞㻣㻜㼗㻺 㻢㻠㻜㼗㻺 ⤊ᒁⲴ㔜䛾ィ⟬್䠄㐨♧䊢䠅 㻢㻤㻡㼗㻺 㻣㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 ҅ᨕ૾עỉ ᵟᵱᵰనЎࠋ 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㖄┤ኚ䠄㼙㼙䠅 㻟㻡㻜 㻠㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻜 㻡㻜㻜 ㍕Ⲵᐇ㦂➼䛻䜘䜛 ⪏Ⲵᛶホ౯ ᐇ䠖 㝣ᆅ᪉䛿䜒䛸䜘䜚䠈ྠᵝ䛺᪩ᮇຎ䜢⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛ᆅᇦ䜈ᒎ㛤䛩䜛䠊 ຎᶵᵓ䛾ゎ᫂ 䠄ሷᐖ䠈ASR䠈」ྜ 䠅 ◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛾ෆᐜ 䕿ሷᐖ䜔㻭㻿㻾䛾᪩ᮇຎᶵᵓ䜢ゎ᫂䛧䠈㐨㊰䜢Ọ䛟Ᏻᚰ䛧䛶⏝䛷䛝䜛⟇䜢㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛䠊 䞉㝣ᆅ᪉䛾㐨㊰ᶫ䛻䛚䛡䜛ሷᐖຎ䜔㻭㻿㻾ຎ䛾ᐇែ䜢ㄪᰝ䛩䜛䠊 ᵟᵱᵰэ҄ 䞉ຎ䜢ᶍᨃ䛧䛯ᐇᑍ䛾ᶫ᱆䜔ᗋ∧䜢స〇䛧䠈Ᏻᛶ⬟䜔⏝ᛶ⬟䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䠊 䞉ᆅᇦ⎔ቃ䛾ྥୖ䛻䜒ᐤ䛩䜛䝣䝷䜲䜰䝑䝅䝳䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䜢ᶆ‽䛧䠈ሷᐖ䜔㻭㻿㻾䛾ຎ㐍⾜䜢㐜ᘏ䛥䛫䜛䠊 䞉⡆᫆䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᢏ⾡䜢ྵ䜑䛯ྜ⌮ⓗ䛺Ⅼ᳨ᢏ⾡䜢㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛䠊 䕿ᆅ᪉⮬య䛜㐠⏝䛷䛝䜛䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛䠊 䞉ᗘホ౯ἲ䠈⿵ಟඃඛ㡰Ỵᐃἲ䛚䜘䜃ண⟬ᖹ‽ᡭἲ䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䠈᪩ᮇຎ䛻ᑐᛂ䛧䛯ホ౯䞉ุᐃᡭἲ䜢ᥦ䛩䜛䠊 䞉ᐃᮇⓗ䛻බ㛤䝉䝭䝘䞊䜢㛤ദ䛧䠈ேᮦ䜢⫱ᡂ䛩䜛䠊 1 ᵟᵱᵰэ҄ửલẲẺᵮᵡᚾ᬴ఐửဇẟẺэ҄ೞನỉᚐଢ 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾 Ⅼ᳨䞉デ᩿ ᑐ⟇せ ᑐ⟇せ ἧἻỶỴἕἉἷฆλễẲ ⿵ಟ䞉⿵ᙉ䞉᭦᪂ ἧἻỶỴἕἉἷฆλẝụ 2 ᑐ⟇ຠᯝ䛾᳨ド 䜲䞁䝣䝷⥔ᣢ⟶⌮䞉᭦᪂䞉䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᢏ⾡ ᭱⤊┠ᶆ ᾐᾢᾡэ҄నỆݣẴỦ ᧈἴἝἑἼὅἂ ᆆѣࡸٻ ᘔએьਰᘺፗỉႆ ᵤᵵᵢᴾᶊᶇᶅᶆᶒ ನᡯཋỉദᄩễྵඞ৭੮ểᚮૺ২ᘐỉችࡇửӼɥẰẶύјௐႎễʙࢸ̬μửጮụᡉẲễầỤύᵓᵎ࠰ࢸỆỊ૾עᐯ˳ầ៲ỉ ɣỆࣖẳẺʖ᧸̬μỆ᠃੭ỂẨỦἳὅἘἜὅἋἰἊἳὅἚửನሰẴỦώ ཎᧈᾉ ྵנỉμửἰἁἿỆᙸẺဒɟႎễዜਤሥྸỉˁኵỚỂỊễẪύ؏עỉཎࣉửᦷỚẺዜਤሥྸỉˁኵỚửನሰẴỦẮ ểỂύᅈ˟ؕႴỉܤμửӼɥẲύẦếᬛễʖምỉૅЈửถẵỦώ ἭὊἲἬὊἊỆợỦ২ᘐऴإỉπ ᶆᶒᶒᶎᵘᵍᵍᶑᶇᶎᵋᶆᶍᶉᶓᶐᶇᶉᶓᵌᶁᶍᶋ ἓἑὅὁỶἶἍὅἇὊ ችࡇ౨ᚰ ܹطэ҄నỆݣẴỦ ͤμࡇᚮૺ ২ᘐᎍỉᏋ πἍἱἜὊ ຎᶵᵓ䛾ゎ᫂ 䠄ሷᐖ䠈ASR䠈」ྜ 䠅 ホ౯ᇶ‽䛾సᡂ ଔэ҄ೞನ ỉᚐଢ ദᄩễᚮૺ ২ᘐỉನሰ ἳὅἘἜὅἋ ἰἊἳὅἚ ἉἋἘἲ੩క ᚸ̖ؕแ˺ ᪤Ꮡ䝕䞊䝍䛾ศᯒ ἧἻỶỴἕἉἷỉஊјМဇ עငעෞ 㻤㻜㻜 ҅ᨕ૾עểӷಮễ բ᫆ửৼảềẟỦ ؏עồऴإႆ̮ ᗘホ౯ ពᛮỴᐃ䝅䝇䝔䝮 ⤊ᒁⲴ㔜 㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 ዜਤሥྸ ἰἝἷỴἽБᘍ 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾 Ⅼ᳨䞉デ᩿ 㻥㻜㻜 㻣㻜㻜 ငܫܖᡲઃ ҅ᨕᢊែἳὅἘἜὅἋ˟ᜭ ૾עᐯ˳ỉనሥྸ২ᘐᎍồỉ ἙἴὅἋἚἾὊἉἹὅ ㍕Ⲵᐇ㦂➼䛻䜘䜛 ⪏Ⲵᛶホ౯ ἧἻỶỴἕἉἷἅὅἁἼὊἚửဇẟẺ ἩἾỿἵἋἚᵮᵡ༿ỉႆ Ⲵ㔜䠄㼗㻺䠅 ᪤Ꮡ䝕䞊䝍䛾ศᯒ ᗘホ౯ ពᛮỴᐃ䝅䝇䝔䝮 䜲䞁䝣䝷⥔ᣢ⟶⌮䞉᭦᪂䞉䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᢏ⾡ ⌧≧䛾ᡂᯝ䐠 ホ౯ᇶ‽䛾సᡂ ᑐ⟇せ 㻟㻜㻜 ᑐ⟇せ 㻴 㻴㻗㻲㻭 㻞㻜㻜 ⿵ಟ䞉⿵ᙉ䞉᭦᪂ 㻝㻜㻜 ᑐ⟇ຠᯝ䛾᳨ド 㻜 㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 ኚ䠄㼙㼙䠅 㻡㻜 㻢㻜 㻣㻜 3 䜲䞁䝣䝷⥔ᣢ⟶⌮䞉᭦᪂䞉䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᢏ⾡ ܹطὉᵟᵱᵰݣሊ ἧἻỶỴἕἉἷἅὅἁἼὊἚửဇẟẺ ἩἾỿἵἋἚᵮᵡ༿ỉᢘဇਘٻ ݣܹطሊ ᩓൢ᧸২ᘐỉᢘဇਘٻ 4 䜲䞁䝣䝷⥔ᣢ⟶⌮䞉᭦᪂䞉䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖ᢏ⾡ ϋᢿᐔࢌӒࣖ:ISR Internal Swelling Reaction: ISR ϋᢿᐔࢌӒࣖƷᚮૺƱʖย ASR DEF ǢȫǫȪƱӒࣱࣖཋឋƷӒࣖ ǢȫǫȪǷȪǫDzȫƷဃ ᭗ภޗഭǛӖƚƨdzȳǯȪȸ ȈưϐࡇǨȈȪȳǬǤȈဃ dzȳǯȪȸȈƷᐔࢌ (ᄂ) ෙɥȷลฺȷᑋᆰ২ᘐᄂᆮ ลฺᆰล২ᘐᄂᆮ IFSTTAR (2014.09-2016.08) ߷ᇢ ᨺɟᢹ ཋࣱƷ҄٭ ನᡯཋƷ࢟٭ȷ᎑ᒵࣱᏡƷ҄٭ ASRvs.DEF 9 ඹ㏻Ⅼ䛸┦㐪Ⅼ ¾ 䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮 ¾ デ᩿ ¾ ண ᩍ⛉᭩ⓗㄝ᫂䛻䜘䜜䜀䞉䞉䞉 9 ASR ¾ ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛜䜰䝹䜹䝸䛸ᛂ䛧䛶ASR䝀䝹䛾⏕ᡂ䠈⭾ᙇ 9 DEF ¾ ึᮇ䠄ᚋᮇ䠅䛻㧗 స⏝䠄>65Υ䠅䜢ཷ䛡䛯䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛻䛚䛔 䛶䜶䝖䝸䞁䜺䜲䝖䠄Ett䠅䛜⏕ᡂ䠈⭾ᙇ э҄ƠƨdzȳǯȪȸȈư#54DzȫƕƋǕƹ#54Ჹ 'VVƕƋǕƹ&'(Ჹɲ૾ƋǔئӳƸᲹ ASR䛜䜟䜜䜛ᵓ㐀≀䜒䛧䛟䛿ᵓ㐀≀⩌ ඃඛ㡰2 ඃඛ㡰1 ASR, 2003 DEF, 2007 ASR䛜䜟䜜䜛ᵓ㐀≀䜒䛧䛟䛿ᵓ㐀≀⩌ ඃඛ㡰2 ప䡚୰䝺䝧䝹 ඃඛ㡰1 㧗䝺䝧䝹 䞉ᕤ䛻㛵䛩䜛ሗ㞟䠄ᕤ䝕䞊䝍➼䠅 䞉䜂䜃䜜ᣦᩘ䛾 ᐃĺIF0 䞉ኚィ䛾タ⨨䠄䝽䜲䝲ᘧ䜒䛧䛟䛿㉥እᘧ䠅 ĺDm0 䞉 䠄‵䠅ᗘィ䛾タ⨨䠄䜂䜃䜜ᣦᩘ䠈ኚ䛾ᰯṇ䠅 㠀ᵓ㐀㒊ᮦ ᵓ㐀㒊ᮦ ♫䞉⤒῭䜈䛾ᙳ㡪 䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽 ᦆയ䝺䝧䝹 ASR䛜䜟䜜䜛ᵓ㐀≀䜒䛧䛟䛿ᵓ㐀≀⩌ ඃඛ㡰2 IF䛸Dm䜢12䞄᭶ ᚋ䛻ィ IF䛸Dm䜢3䞄᭶ ẖ䛻ィ ඃඛ㡰1 ప䡚୰䝺䝧䝹 㧗䝺䝧䝹 䞉ᕤ䛻㛵䛩䜛ሗ㞟䠄ᕤ䝕䞊䝍➼䠅 䞉䜂䜃䜜ᣦᩘ䛾 ᐃĺIF0 䞉ኚィ䛾タ⨨䠄䝽䜲䝲ᘧ䜒䛧䛟䛿㉥እᘧ䠅 ĺDm0 䞉 䠄‵䠅ᗘィ䛾タ⨨䠄䜂䜃䜜ᣦᩘ䠈ኚ䛾ᰯṇ䠅 'IF or 'Dm/Dm > 0.5mm/m/ᖺ 䜒䛧䛟䛿 0.5mm௨ୖ䛾䜂䜃䜜䛜 0,2mm/ᖺ௨ୖ? No 'IF0 > 1mm/m? Yes Yes No IF0>1mm/m NjƠƘƸ 0.5mmˌɥƷƻƼлǕ? No Yes IF䛸Dm䜢12䞄᭶ ᚋ䛻ィ ᑐ⟇䛾ᘏᮇ 3ᖺ௨ෆ䛻ᑐ⟇ 3䡚12䞄᭶㛫㝸䛷ィ 䜢⥅⥆ 䞉ᐊෆヨ㦂⏝䛾䝁䜰᥇ྲྀ 䞉㓑㓟䜴䝷䝙䝹ἲ 䞉SEMほᐹ IF䛸Dm䜢3䞄᭶ ẖ䛻ィ ຎཎᅉ䛾≉ᐃ ASR ᑐ⟇䛾ᘏᮇ 3ᖺ௨ෆ䛻ᑐ⟇ DEF እ㒊◲㓟ሷຎ ASR+DEF 3䡚12䞄᭶㛫㝸䛷ィ 䜢⥅⥆ ASR 䞉ᐊෆヨ㦂⏝䛾䝁䜰᥇ྲྀ 䞉㓑㓟䜴䝷䝙䝹ἲ 䞉SEMほᐹ ᦆയᑠ 㐍ᒎᑠ ᦆയ 㐍ᒎᑠ ⭾ᙇ䝫䝔䞁 䝅䝱䝹ᑠ DEF ⭾ᙇ䝫䝔䞁 䝅䝱䝹 ⭾ᙇ䝫䝔䞁 䝅䝱䝹ᑠ ⭾ᙇ䝫䝔䞁 䝅䝱䝹 ຎཎᅉ䛾≉ᐃ ASR DEF ASR+DEF እ㒊◲㓟ሷຎ ᪥ᖖಖᏲ No ASR⏝ ṧᏑ⭾ᙇ ヨ㦂 DEF⏝ ṧᏑ⭾ᙇ ヨ㦂 㝈⏺್௨ୖ䠛 㝈⏺್௨ୖ䠛 No Yes ᦆയᑠ 㐍ᒎᑠ ᦆയ 㐍ᒎᑠ ⭾ᙇ䝫䝔䞁 䝅䝱䝹ᑠ ⭾ᙇ䝫䝔䞁 䝅䝱䝹 Yes ⭾ᙇ䝫䝔䞁 䝅䝱䝹ᑠ ⭾ᙇ䝫䝔䞁 䝅䝱䝹 ィ 䛾㢖ᗘ Ỉศ౪⤥䛾㐽᩿䠄Ỉ䠈㜵Ỉᛶሬ➼䠅 㻟ᖺ 㻟ᖺ ᛶ⬟ホ౯ ⴠ㜵Ṇ ≉ู䛺⿵ಟ 䜂䜃䜜⿵ಟ ሬ ຎ䛾㐍ᒎ䛻ᛂ䛨䛶㻟䞄᭶䡚㻝ᖺ ゎᯒ䛻䜘䜛㛗ᮇண ⪏ஂᛶ☜ಖ ⿵ᙉ䠈ᛂຊ㛤ᨺ䞉䞉䞉 ૠ͌ᚐௌƴǑǔʖย Seignol et al., CTCS09 Salanfedam,Switzerland Seignol et al., 14th ICAAR Droz et al., 2013 Drifting Drifting ࣖщЎࠋ CESARͲRGIBbyIFSTTAR Seignol et al., 14th ICAAR Seignol et al., 14th ICAAR ǹȭȃȈǫȃȈ Omikrine-Metalssi et al., Engineering failure analysis, 2014 9 㧗pH⎔ቃ䛷ᛂᛶ≀㉁䛜⁐ゎ䛧䠈ASR䝀 䝹䜢⏕ᡂ ASR Na Na Na 9 ASR䝀䝹䛿䛻㦵ᮦෆ㒊䛷⭾ᙇ䠈୍㒊䛿 䝨䞊䝇䝖䜈ᣑᩓ䛧⭾ᙇᅽ䜢Ⓨ⌧䛧䛺䛔䚹 9 䜂䜃䜜୰䛾ASR䝀䝹䛿ᣊ᮰䛜↓䛡䜜 䜀ὶື䛩䜛эᛂ⋡䛸⭾ᙇ⋡䛿㠀⥺ᙧ䚹 㦵ᮦ䛛䜙䝨䞊䝇䝖䜈䛾 䜂䜃䜜㐍ᒎ ⭾ᙇ䞉䜂䜃䜜Ⓨ⏕ ASR䝀䝹 䝇䝻䝑䝖䜹䝑䝖䛻䜘䜛ᛂຊゎᨺ 䝇䝻䝑䝖ᖜ䠈῝䛥䛺䛹䜢ᩘ್ゎᯒⓗ䛻᳨ウ ASR䝀䝹䛾ὶฟ Ca䛸䛾ᛂ䠄⦰䠅 эᅜෆ䛷䛿᪤䛻ᐇົ䛷ከ䛟ά⏝ ASR䝀䝹䛾ὶฟ 20Υᑒ䛛䜣㣴⏕(ὀỈ䛛䜙1㐌) 㧗 㣴⏕(ὀỈ䛛䜙1㐌) 㧗 㣴⏕䠋40ΥỈ୰㣴⏕24㐌 9 ᚤ⣽✵㝽䠄20nm䠅䛷Ett⏕ᡂ DEF 9 ෆ㒊⏕ᡂ≀ እ㒊⏕ᡂ≀ ✵㝽 Na Na 9 XRD䛷䛿᳨ฟ䛷䛝䛺䛔 9 㠀⭾ᙇᛶ䛾䝬䜽䝻䛺Ett䛜䜼䝱䝑䝥䛻ᯒฟ Na Na 27Al NMR䛻䜘䜛Alືែゎᯒ 9 ⭾ᙇཎᅉ≀㉁䛾ヲ⣽䛺䝖䝺䞊䝇 MS 㻝㻜㻜 㻥㻜 㻤㻜 㻣㻜 㻢㻜 㻡㻜 㻠㻜 㻟㻜 㻞㻜 㻝㻜 㻜 㻙㻝㻜 㻙㻞㻜 㻙㻟㻜 ppm Na ᚤ⣽MS pHపୗ䠈ᖖ ෆ㒊⏕ᡂ≀ እ㒊⏕ᡂ≀ ✵㝽 䜼䝱䝑䝥 䜼䝱䝑䝥 㠀⭾ᙇᛶ Ett ⭾ᙇᛶEtt Famy, Ph.D thesis, 1999 abundance 9 䝨䞊䝇䝖⭾ᙇ䛷㦵ᮦ⏺㠃䛻䜼䝱䝑䝥⏕ᡂ 㧗pH䠈㧗 ᑠᕝ䜋䛛, 䜰䝑䝥䜾䝺䞊䝗ㄽᩥ㞟, 2016 ᕝ➃䜋䛛, 䝉䝯䞁䝖䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ㄽᩥ㞟, 2015 ᥎ᐃ㻭㼘ྵ᭷⋡㻔㻭㼘㻞㻻㻟 㻌㼙㼍㼟㼟㻑㻕 Ꮫ䝅䝣䝖 㻭㼘 㧗 㣴⏕䠋㻠㻜䉝 㻞㻜䉝ᑒ䛛䜣㣴⏕ 㧗 㣴⏕ 㻔㼜㼜㼙㻕 㓄ᩘ Ỉ୰㣴⏕ 㻔ὀỈ䛛䜙㻝㐌㻕 㻔ὀỈ䛛䜙㻝㐌㻕 㻞㻠㐌 㻣㻟 㻜㻚㻝㻞 㻠 㻣㻜 㻝㻚㻝㻡 㻝㻚㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻞 㻡 㻟㻣 㻝㻟 㻝㻚㻢㻝 㻝㻜 㻞㻚㻟㻠 㻜㻚㻥㻣 㻜㻚㻤㻞 㻢 㻠 㻜㻚㻥㻥 㻞㻚㻜㻟 㻝㻚㻟㻡 CASH/bridging CASH/pairing, aAl Ett Afm(Ms), Ka, CAH TAH䠈aAl ASRƱDEFƷᚮૺ dzǢᐔࢌᚾ᬴ 9 ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛻䜒㆟ㄽ䛾వᆅ 9 ከ䛟䛾ሙྜ䠈ASR䝀䝹䛸Ett䛜ඹᏑ 9 ⭾ᙇᛶ≀㉁䛾ᡤᅾ䛸ᦆയ䛾㛵㐃䛾᫂☜䛜 9 䜰䝹䜹䝸䛾ᙺ䜢⪃៖䛧䛯⭾ᙇヨ㦂䜒᭷ຠ FHWA/TX-06/0-4085-5, 2006 Ett ⰼᓵᒾ 䝬䜲䝻䝘䜲䝖 䞉80Υ 1mol/l NaOH 䞉20Υ 㣬CH⁐ᾮ䠈␃Ỉ ASRgel э ⭾ᙇ䛧䛺䛔 э ⭾ᙇ Hirono et al., 15th ICAAR, 2016 ࣖщɦưƷီ૾ࣱ Multon & Toutlemonde, CCR, 2006 ASR ࣖщɦưƷီ૾ࣱ DEF ㍈᪉ྥ ㍈┤ゅ᪉ྥ S. Multon, Ph. D Thesis, 2003 ኽᧈן Expansion transferƳƠ Expansion transfer μ˳ƱƠƯƷ˳ᆢ҄٭Ƹಒƶӷơ சƩᨥႎᜭᛯ Dunant & Scrivener, CCR, 2012 Bouzabata et al., CCC, 2012 ཋឋᆆѣǁƷࢨ᪪ Saturationdegree(Ͳ) 1.2 Saturation 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 200 400 600 Time(days) 800 IFSTTAR(LCPC) 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 1000 wetting/drying 0 1 200 Expansion(%) 0.8 Initial = 0.8 Sealed 400 600 Time(days) 800 1000 10mm, w/ evolution 0.6 10mm, w/o evolution 0.4 9 ASR: Dr. S. Multon (2003) 9 DEF: Dr. R.-P. Martin (2010) 50mm, w/ evolution 0.2 Always 0.8 50mm, w/o evolution 0 0 Kawabata et al., 16th ICAAR, 2016 200 400 600 Time(days) 800 1000 ASR DEF 4 2.0 NormallyͲreinforced Heavily-reinforced 0.0 Normal䡈y-reinforced Ͳ1.0 Ͳ2.0 2 Deflection (mm) 1.0 Deflection(mm) NonͲreinforced 3 1 0 Ͳ1 Ͳ2 Ͳ3.0 Ͳ3 Ͳ4.0 Ͳ4 0 Non-reinforced Ͳ5.0 HeavilyͲreinforced 100 S. Multon, Ph. D Thesis, 2003 200 400 Time(days) 600 300 Time (days) Ͳ6.0 0 200 800 R.-P. Martin, Ph. D Thesis, 2010 400 DEF: 330days ƓǘǓƴ 9 ෆ㒊⭾ᙇᛂISR䠄ASR䠈DEF䠅 ¾ ྠ䛨⭾ᙇᛂ䠈䛯䛰䛧⭾ᙇᶵᵓ䛿␗䛺䜛 ¾ 䝬䝛䝆䝯䞁䝖䝅䝇䝔䝮䛸䛧䛶ྠ䛨ᯟ⤌䜏䠈せ⣲ᢏ⾡䛿⭾ᙇᶵᵓ ู э⭾ᙇᶵᵓ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯㐺ษ䛺デ᩿䛜㔜せ ¾ 㐺ษ䛺デ᩿э㐺ษ䛺ண 䛾ᐇ ¾ ᵓ㐀ᙳ㡪䛿䛝䛟┦㐪䚹ᛂຊ␗᪉ᛶ䠈≀㉁⛣ື䛸䛾㐃ᡂ䠈≀ᛶ 䜈䛾ᙳ㡪 ¾ ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛻䜒ᮍゎ᫂䚹ᚋ䛾◊✲䛜ྍḞ䚹 㼀㼔㼑㻌㻝㻡㼠㼔㻌㻵㻯㻭㻭㻾㻌㻞㻜㻝㻢㻌㻔㻮㼞㼍㼦㼕㼘㻘㻌㻿㼍㼛㻌㻼㼍㼡㼘㼛㻕㻌 䛻䛚䛡䜛㻭㻿㻾䛾ヰ㢟㻌㻌㻌 ᵐᵎᵏᵔᴾᵧᵡᵟᵟᵰᴾ˟ᜭἋἃἊἷὊἽᴾ䚸 䜿䞊䝇䝇䝍䝕䜱䞊 ᴾᴾ ᵕஉᵒଐᴾ ᵕஉᵓଐᴾ ᵕஉᵔଐᴾ ᵕஉᵕଐᴾ ᵖᾉᵑᵎᵋ ᵏᵎᵘᵎᵎᴾ ؕᛦᜒᴾ ؕᛦᜒᴾ ؕᛦᜒᴾ ؕᛦᜒᴾ ᵏᵎᵘᵎᵎᵋ ᵏᵐᵘᵎᵎᴾ Ṟᴾ ṟᴾ ᵏᵐᵘᵎᵎᵋ ᵏᵑᵘᵑᵎᴾ Ṟᴾ ṟᴾ ᵏᵓᵘᵎᵎᵋ ᵏᵓᵘᵑᵎᴾ ᵏᵓᵘᵑᵎᵋ ᵏᵕᵘᵎᵎᴾ Ṟᴾ ᵏᵕᵘᵎᵎᵋ ᵏᵕᵘᵑᵎᴾ ᵏᵕᵘᵑᵎᵋ ᵏᵖᵘᵎᵎᴾ 䠆䠄Ⓨ⾲㢼ᬒ䠅 ṟᴾ Ṟᴾ ṟᴾ Ṟᴾ ṟᴾ ˟ࡸᴾ Ṟᴾ ṟᴾ Ṟᴾ ṟᴾ ἘἁἝỽἽỴὊᴾ ᴾ ἒἲᴾ ṟᴾ Ṟᴾ ṟᴾ ᧙̞ᎍ˟ᜭᴾ ἯἋἑὊἍἕἉἹὅᴾ ؕᛦᜒᴾ ᴾᴾ ICAARㄪᰝᅋ䛻ཧຍ䛧䛶䛾༳㇟ 䠆Ꮫ䠈䝁䞁䝃䝹䝍䞁䝖䠈䝊䝛䝁䞁䠈㻌 㻌 㻶㻴䠈㻶㻾䠈㟁ຊ䛛䜙㻌 㻌 ⥲ໃ䠎䠐ྡ䠄ᅋ㛗䠖ᐑᕝ㇏❶ඛ⏕䠅㻌 䠆㛵✵䊻䝗䝞䜲䊻䝃䞁䝟䜴䝻㻌 㻌 㻔ᆅ⌫䛾ഃ䜈䠈䠎䠓㛫䛾㛗᪑㻕㻌 䠆䝤䝷䝆䝹㛤ദ䛾ᅔ㞴䛥㻌 㻌 㻔Ᏻ䠈㈈ᨻ䠈㏻䠈ᨭయไ䠅㻌 䠆ⴭྡ䛺䝉䝯䞁䝖Ꮫ䜔䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤ Ꮫ䛾◊✲⪅䛾ᘬ㏥䜔ཧຍ㻌 䠆ᒾ▼䈄ᆅ㉁◊✲⪅䜈䛾೫䜚㻌 㻌㻌 䠄㻾㻵㻸㻱㻹㻌㻭㻭㻾ጤဨ䠈ᕤᏛⓗ䛛䛴ᐇ ⏝ⓗ䛺㆟ㄽ䛜༑ศ䠄Ⲕ㣧䜏ヰ 䠄䠛䠅䠅㻌 䠆᪥ᖖヰ䛷ⱥㄒ䛜㏻䛨䛺䛔㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄䝫䝹䝖䜺䝹ㄒ䛾䜏䠈㈙䛔≀䛜ኚ䠅㻌 Ṟᴾ ἅὊἤὊἨἾỶἁᴾ 䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮 ᙳ㡪せᅉ 䠆䠄Ⓨ⾲⪅┿䠅 ṟᴾ ἻὅἓἨἾỶἁᴾ ᵏᵑᵘᵑᵎᵋ ᵏᵓᵘᵎᵎᴾ 㻌 ᖹᡂ䠎䠔ᖺ䠕᭶䠏䠌᪥ 㔠ἑᏛ⌮ᕤ◊✲ᇦ⎔ቃ䝕䝄䜲䞁Ꮫ⣔ 㻌 㻌 ᩍᤵ㻌 㫽ᒃ㻌 அ 㻌 䠄㻌 KKR 䝩䝔䝹㔠ἑ ) Ṟᴾ ᵕஉᵖଐᴾ ؕᛦᜒᴾ ヨ㦂䚸ホ౯ ؕᛦᜒᴾ ᵓ㐀䚸ゎᯒ䚸デ᩿ ỽὅἧỳἾὅἋᴾ ἙỵἜὊᴾ ᴾᴾ ཧຍᅜ䛸Ⓨ⾲௳ᩘ 䝇䜲䝇, 4 䛭䛾, 15 䠄11䜹ᅜ䠅 䝫䝹䝖䜺䝹, 4 ୰ᅜ, 4 䜰䝹䝊䞁䝏䞁, 5 䝜䝹䜴䜵䞊, 8 䝤䝷䝆䝹, 62 䜰䝯䝸䜹, 8 䝗䜲䝒, 10 䝣䝷䞁䝇, 10 䜲䜼䝸䝇, 12 䜹䝘䝎, 15 ᪥ᮏ, 36 䠆᪥ᮏ䛛䜙䛾ICAAR䜈䛾ከ䛺㈉⊩ 㻌 䠄➨䠓ᅇICAAR䠄䝰䞁䝖䝸䜸䞊䝹䠅䜘䜚 㻌 ◊✲ㄽᩥ䛾㔞䞉㉁䛸䜒䛻䠅 㻌 ➨䠍䠑ᅇICAAR䠄䝃䞁䝟䜴䝻䠅䛷䛿䠈 ཧຍ⪅䠖䠏䠒/䠍䠕䠏ྡ䠄య䛾䠍䠔䠂䠅 ཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲௳ᩘ䠖䠍䠓/䠍䠌䠏௳ (㔠ἑ ᏛSIP䜘䜚䠑௳䠅䠄య䛾䠍䠓䠂䠅 Key Note Lecture䠖 䠌/䠒௳䠄䠛䠅 䠆Ḣ⡿䜔䜰䝆䜰䛛䜙䛾ཧຍ⪅䛜䛝䛟 ῶᑡ 䠆Chairman䛾ே㑅䛸Ⓨ⾲ᙧᘧ䛾ኚ᭦ 䠄㉁䛻䛶䝇䝷䜲䝗䛜⏝䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔 䛾䛷䚸㆟ㄽ䛜ჶ䜏ྜ䜟䛺䛛䛳䛯䠅 䠆㈋ᙅ䛺㣗(Lunch Box)㻌 䛸⳹䛺䝞 䞁䜿䝑䝖䠄䝅䝳䝷䝇䝁䠄୵่䛧⫗䠅䠅 ỈຊⓎ㟁䝎䝮タ䛾ASR⌧ሙぢᏛ㻌 㻌 ┿ᥦ౪䠖 r Satoh (2016 8) 㔠ἑᏛSIP Part 1䠄㫽ᒃ䠅:ᖖ㢪ᑎᕝ⏘◁䠈◁䠄⌧ᆅ䠅 7KH$ONDOL6LOLFD5HDFWLYLW\RI$QGHVLWLF5LYHU $JJUHJDWHV DQG$650LWLJDWLRQ(IIHFWE\8VLQJ)LQH)O\$VKHV Tateyama Mountains Hokuriku Shin-kansen Line (JR) ሁ✚ᒾ⣔㦵ᮦ 㻌 䠄Quartzite䠅 3URI.D]X\XNL7RULL 6 .DQD]DZD8QLYHUVLW\ ᇻ㻼㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻾㼑㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㻭㼓㼓㼞㼑㼓㼍㼠㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㼀㼛㼥㼍㼙㼍㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌ᇼ 䛆The Occurrence of ASR䛇 Granite 7KH6HDRI-DSDQ Cristobarite 㻜㻚㻝㼙㼙㻌 Toyama Prefecture Hokuriku District ASR has been confirmed Abutment of a viaduct damaged by ASR In the Hokuriku District [ Survey of the Ministry of National Highways as of 2004 ] ASR occurred in 37 bridges out of 300(37/300=12%) in Toyama Prefecture. 䠚䠚The national average is 1.2%. It is believed that there are many more structures in the Hokuriku District built in 7 the 1970s and ‘80s that have serious damage caused by ASR. Andesite (Pesimum proportion around 30%) 㻜㻚㻝㼙㼙㻌 The gravels and the sands of the Jyoganji River in Toyama Prefecture include andesite particles which contain cristobarite and/or opal which are reactive components. (pesimum proportion around 30%) Opal 㻜㻚㻝㼙㼙㻌 It is said the gravels produced in the Jyoganji River are some of the most reactive in Japan. 8 6FKHPDWLF 'LDJUDP RI &HQWULIXJDO 0DFKLQH LQ 3URGXFWLRQ RI )LQHDQG+LJKTXDOLW\)O\$VKHV 䛆Advantages of Fly Ash Concrete in ASR Mitigation 䛇 ([SDQVLRQEHKDYLRUV 'DQLVKPHWKRG 㻝 㻝 䠫䠬䠟 㻲㻭㻝㻡䠂 㻮㻲㻿㻠㻞䠂 䠫䠬䠟 㻲㻭㻝㻡䠂 㻮㻲㻿㻠㻞䠂 㻜㻚㻤 㻱㼤㼜㼍㼚㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㻔㻑㻕 㻜㻚㻤 㻱㼤㼜㼍㼚㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌㻔㻑㻕 ([SDQVLRQEHKDYLRUV -,6$PHWKRG 㻜㻚㻢 㻜㻚㻠 㻜㻚㻞 㻜㻚㻢 㻜㻚㻠 㻜㻚㻞 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻝㻟 㻜 㻝㻟 㻼㼑㼞㼕㼛㼐㻌㻔㼃㼑㼑㼗㼟㻕 㻼㼑㼞㼕㼛㼐㻌㻔㼃㼑㼑㼗㼟㻕 㻞㻢 It became clear that the ASR expansion of mortars was controlled over the long term by using high-quality fly ash. 3K\VLFDOSURSHUWLHV )O\DVKW\SH 'HQVLW\ JFP 2ULJLQDO +LJKTXDOLW\ %ODLQHILQHQHVV FPJ 3HWURJUDSKLFREVHUYDWLRQVIRUWKLQVHFWLRQRIPRUWDUVDIWHUWKH-,6$ PRUWDUEDUWHVW3RODUL]LQJPLFURVFRSHLQSODQHSRODUL]HGOLJKW 0LQHUDORJLFDOSURSHUWLHV 4XDUW] 0XOOLWH 0DJQHWLWH /LPH *ODVV The physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced are well in line with the quality standard of the highest level “Class I” according to JIS A6201. 9 fa-2 &UDFN %)6 )$ 10 In January 2011, a joint-collaborative industry-academia-government research committee on the “promotion of effective utilization of fly ash concrete in the Hokuriku district” was set up. bfs-3 fa-1 $QGHVLWH Concluding remarks Blast-furnace Slag Particle fa-3 $QGHVLWH bfs-1 bfs-2 Fly Ash Particle Reaction Area Reaction Area 㻝䃛㼙㻌 㻝䃛㼙㻌 㻾㼑㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻭㼞㼑㼍㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻯㻿㻴㻌㻼㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼟䠄㻿㻱㻹㻙㻮㻱㻵䠅㻌 Points fa-1 fa-2 fa-3 Points b䡂䡏-1 b䡂䡏-2 b䡂䡏-3 Ca/Si Ratio 0.05 0.88 1.64 Ca/Si Ratio 1.39 1.47 1.58 KNB TV News (2011.1.24) At present, a lot of candidates for the actual use of fly ash concrete in bridge, culvert and dam structures are being actively investigated. We would like to propose the know-how for a further effective utilization of fly ash concrete in the Hokuriku District and other districts, based on the strong ethic . That is “Local Production for Local Consumption” . 㔠ἑᏛSIP PART 2 (⩚ῲ凛:Ᏻᒣᒾ○▼凚ᐇ㦂凛 Study on ASR Expansion and its Suppressing Measures of Self-compacting Concrete using Sea Water Takashi Habuchi, Yuichiro Kawabata, Naoya Kawamura, Ryoichi Tanaka, Jun Kutsuna, Toru Yamaji and Osamu Kiyomiya Japan Results of Accelerated Test 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.20 (without pre-curing) 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.05 0.30 0.30 Humid air 1 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 0 Curing Periods (weeks) Curing periods (weeks) Expansion (%) (%) Expansion Expansion (%) (%) Expansion 0.30 0.30 Humid air 2 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.20 Mix Proportion of Concrete BFS Case. replacement level (%) 1 0 2 40 3 50 4 60 Expansion (%) (%) Expansion 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 Sea water immersion (with pre-curing) SW OPC BFS 175 175 175 175 S 390 0 860 234 156 848 195 195 845 156 234 842 GR GN Ad1 Ad2 262 262 262 262 611 611 611 611 6.83 5.34 5.11 4.88 1.56 0.70 0.51 0.31 Target slump flow : 600 㼼 50mm Target air content : 4.5 㼼 1.5% Water binder ratio : 45% Volume of unit coarse aggregates : 0.33m3/m3 Case1 (BFS 0%) Equivalent alkali content ,Na2Oeq = 4.8kg/m3 Observation Results of ASR Gel by Gel-fluorescence Method (with pre-curing) 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.05 00 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 Curing periods (weeks) Curing periods (weeks) Case 1 (BFS 0%) Case 2 (BFS 40%) Case 3 (BFS 50%) Case 4 (BFS 60%) Case 1 (BFS 0%) Case 2 (BFS 40%) Case 3 (BFS 50%) Case 4 (BFS 60%) 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.20 Unit weight (kg/m3) -●-●-●-●- (1) (2) (3) (4) BFS BFS BFS BFS Humid air 2 0% 40% 50% 60% Micro-crack observed 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.05 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 0 Curing Period (weeks) Curing periods (weeks) Sea water immersion Results of S M- S Analysis onclusions After weeks acceleration of the test S M- S analysis was performed for the specimens of Humid air 2 ■ Ca Ca SiSi ■ Ca CaSiSi (3) BFS 50% -s ag (3) BFS 50% - e en x 2.5 (1) BFS 0% - e en ■ 0.5 0.5 1 1.0 1.5 1.5 2 2.0 2.5 0 0 2.5 ean Ca Si and Ca Si ao i ra ios wi eir s andard de ia ions ( u id air 2) ( lemental analysis by 1 ASR e pansion of this concrete without S M ( S in this study) e ceeded 2 for each accelerated test 2 x 0.8 00 ASR e pansion of self-compacting concrete using sea water and its suppressing measures are studied 0.005 0.5 0.01 1.0 0.015 1.5 aa 0.02 2.0 Si Si 0.025 2.5 ean a Si a o i ra io wi eir s andard de ia ions o dra es ( u id air 2) S was performed on more than spots for each) 㔠ἑᏛSIP Part 䠏䠄ஂಖ䠅:ᖖ㢪ᑎᕝ⏘◁䠈◁䠄⌧ᆅ䠅 7KH5HLQIRUFHPHQWRIDQ$65$IIHFWHG,QWDNH7RZHU㻌 8VLQJ3RVW7HQVLRQHG7HQGRQV ven if highly reactive aggregate was used for this concrete by replacement over of cement with S ASR gel formation and ASR e pansion was remarkably suppressed Replacement of cement by S in the system decreases mean a Si ratio of -S-H gel which results in increase in alkali uptake in -S-H gel Replacement of cement by sufficient amount of S according to the reactivity of aggregate is effective to suppress the ASR e pansion of this concrete 䛆'LVSODFHPHQW0HDVXUHPHQW䛇 >$VXPPDU\RXWOLQHRIWKHSULPDU\&DXVHVRIWKH'HIRUPDWLRQ@ to sunlight ձ-2 More exposure Lake side Mountain side Expansion small Expansion large Expansion small 62.7m ձ-1 Less exposure to sunlight Front gate 19 7HWVXML.XER +RNXULNX(OHFWULF3RZHU&RPSDQ\-DSDQ 䞉Due to the front gate there is less exposure to sunlight on the lake side concrete. 䞉The mountain side concrete has more exposure to sunlight which is believed to be a large influence on the development of ASR 20 䛆&RXQWHUPHDVXUHWR$65䛇 6.5m 䛆(IIHFWRIWKH&RXQWHUPHDVXUH䛇 Completion of construction 2.5m 㻝㻞㻜 120 (mm) Horizontal change 100 㻝㻜㻜 EL 1,090.7m Before After countermeasures were implemented Connecting bridge 0.7mm/year 80 㻤㻜 Metal gate plate Drilling hole Head of tendon EL 1,066m Mountain side Lake side 20 㻞㻜 㻜0 Load Cel Measurement point 2000.8 㻴㻝㻞㻚㻤㻚㻝㻜 㻴㻝㻟㻚㻥㻚㻝㻠 㻴㻝㻠㻚㻝㻜㻚㻝㻥 㻴㻝㻡㻚㻝㻝㻚㻞㻟 㻴㻝㻢㻚㻝㻞㻚㻞㻣 㻴㻝㻤㻚㻝㻚㻟㻝 EL 1,056m 㻴㻞㻜㻚㻠㻚㻝㻜 2008.8 㻴㻝㻥㻚㻟㻚㻣 EL 1,045m Vertical change Connecting bridge Before After countermeasures were implemented 40 㻠㻜 Anchor fixing part 30 㻟㻜 1.0mm/year Intake tower 2.0mm/year 20 㻞㻜 Construction location plan view from above (year) 2015.11 㻴㻞㻝㻚㻡㻚㻝㻡 㻴㻞㻞㻚㻢㻚㻝㻥 㻴㻞㻟㻚㻣㻚㻞㻠 㻴㻞㻠㻚㻤㻚㻞㻣 㻴㻞㻡㻚㻝㻜㻚㻝 㻴㻞㻢㻚㻝㻝㻚㻡 㻴㻞㻣㻚㻝㻞㻚㻝㻜 Horizontal change in distance over time at the top of the tower 60 㻢㻜 (mm) 50 㻡㻜 Front gate (2012.6) 40 㻠㻜 about 2m 22.7m 4.7mm/year Intake tower 60 㻢㻜 45.7m (2012.6) 10 㻝㻜 Drilling depth view from the side 㻜0 2000.8 㻴㻝㻞㻚㻤㻚㻝㻜 㻴㻝㻟㻚㻥㻚㻝㻠 㻴㻝㻠㻚㻝㻜㻚㻝㻥 㻴㻝㻡㻚㻝㻝㻚㻞㻟 㻴㻝㻢㻚㻝㻞㻚㻞㻣 㻴㻝㻤㻚㻝㻚㻟㻝 䞉We set the anchor fixing part close to the bottom portion, and in this way tension was applied to the entire structure. 99 㻴㻞㻜㻚㻠㻚㻝㻜 2008.8 㻴㻝㻥㻚㻟㻚㻣 (year) 2015.11 㻴㻞㻝㻚㻡㻚㻝㻡 㻴㻞㻞㻚㻢㻚㻝㻥 㻴㻞㻟㻚㻣㻚㻞㻠 㻴㻞㻠㻚㻤㻚㻞㻣 㻴㻞㻡㻚㻝㻜㻚㻝 㻴㻞㻢㻚㻝㻝㻚㻡 㻴㻞㻣㻚㻝㻞㻚㻝㻜 Vertical change in distance over time at the top of the tower 䞉The effect of the countermeasures has been confirmed at this time. 22 䛆(IIHFWRIWKH&RXQWHUPHDVXUH䛇 (kN) &RQFOXVLRQ (1) Although an inclination was confirmed on the intake tower, it has been shown that this is because of the difference in the ASR expansion due to the difference in environmental conditions and structural conditions at the different parts of the tower structure. (2) As a method for controlling the deformation of the intake tower caused by ASR, the method of using a PC anchor was adopted. Consequently it was possible to effectively suppress the deformation from the applied force of 0.2 ~ 0.3N / mm2. Load Cel 2012.6 2013.4 2014.4 2015.4 (year) 2015.11 Changes of tension over time 䞉Although some variation due to temperature change over a year䇻s time and a slight increase of the load was seen, drastic load changes were not seen. 䞉We have confirmed that the tensions have been stabilized. 24 23 㔠ἑᏛSIP Part 4䠄ᗈ㔝䠅䠖ⰼᓵᒾ○▼䠄⌧ᆅ䠅 㻭㻿㻾㻌㼕㼚㻌㻮㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㻼㼕㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㻱㼤㼜㼞㼑㼟㼟㼣㼍㼥㻌㼕㼚㻌㻮㼍㼚㼓㼗㼛㼗㻌 ASR FOUND IN THAILAND AND TROPICAL REGIONS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA Shinichi Hirono, Yoko Ando, Tomomi Sato, Kazuo Yamada, Hiroyuki Kagimoto, Kazuyuki Torii Pile cap䠄Footing䠅 9bservations by Polari9ing 9icroScopy ASR 9eterioration 9evel of 9ridge 9ootings Footing A (Very severe) Footing B (Severe) Footing C (Moderate) Footing D (None) Coarse aggregate (ASR stage) Granite mylonite (4) Granite mylonite (3) Granite mylonite (2) Pelitic hornfels (2) Limestone (2) Chert (2) Limestone (2) Fine aggregate (ASR stage) Granite (2) Granite (2) Granite (2) Granite (2) 4 3 2 2 Much ettringite Much ettringite Much ettringite Much ettringite Sample Deterioration Level Very severe (Many wide cracks) Severe (Many cracks) Moderate (Few cracks) None (No cracks) Footing A Pier A Footing B Pier B Footing C Pier C Footing D Pier D 䈜㻌 䃥㻩㻢㻤㼙㼙㻌 㻯㼛㼚㼏㼞㼑㼠㼑㻌㻯㼛㼞㼑㼟㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌㼀㼍㼗㼑㼚㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼎㼞㼕㼐㼓㼑㻌㼜㼕㼑㼞㻌㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼑㼐㻌㼕㼚㻝㻥㻥㻤㻌 㻌 㻌 deterioration level of PC column and 䠆The㻌 㻌ASR 㻌 PC super structure was generally minor compared with that of RC footing. 䠆This is due to the microclimate around bridge pier, the temperature, water supply etc.. PC Pier column䠄Bridge䠅 ASR stage of total core Remarks 㻭㻿㻾㻌㻰㼑㼠㼑㼞㼕㼛㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼟㻌㼙㼍㼕㼚㼘㼥㻌㼏㼍㼡㼟㼑㼐㻌㼎㼥㻌㼙㼥㼘㼛㼚㼕㼠㼑㻌㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼑㼐㻌㼕㼚㻌㻳㼞㼍㼚㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼟㼠㼛㼚㼑㼟㻚㻌 Cement Paste Sand Cement Paste Mylonite of Granite Stones Sand Ettringite Mylonite of Granite Stone 䠝䠯䠮 gel 䠝䠯䠮 gel 2 mm 0.9mm (Footing A) CONCLUSIONS ¾ From relationships between ASR degree in each rock type and damage levels of concrete structures, it was assumed that ASR in granite mylonite dominantly contributed to the deterioration of structures. ¾ In all footing samples, much ettringite was found. Samples with advanced ASR bore more, because it had grown inside cracks caused by ASR. Therefore, there is no evidence to suggest that ettringite formation contributed to the deterioration. ¾ Minor ASR was found along with amorphous or low crystallized products from altered mica in granitic fine aggregate. This is attributed to weathering under hot and humid climate. Therefore, weathered rocks in tropical regions contain potentially ASR reactive aggregates. ¾ Occurrence of ASR in tropical regions was considered to be characteristic as a relatively rapid reaction due to late-expansive minerals and weathering that might produce opal. 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ඛ㍮䛛䜙䛾୍ゝ 䠆ICAAR㆟䛾ྡ⛠ኚ᭦䠄ASR䛛䜙ASR&DEF)䛜ᥦ䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌 㻌 DEF䛿㦵ᮦ䛸䝉䝯䞁䝖䝨䞊䝇䝖䛾⏺㠃䛾ほᐹᡭἲ䛜䛂㘽䛃䚹 ೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾䜎䛯䛿SEM-EDS䛻䜘䜛ほᐹ䛜ᚲ㡲䛸䛺䜛䚹 㻌 䝫䝹䝖䜺䝹•䝸䝇䝪䞁䛷䛾ICAAR2020䜎䛷䛻⤖ㄽ䚹 䠆ᮦᩱ⛉Ꮫ䛸䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛ䜢⼥ྜ䛧䛯ศ㔝䜢୰ᚰ䛻㆟ ㄽ䛷䛝䜛ሙ䠄ᅜෆ•ᅜ㝿㆟䠅䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䚹 ICCC䛸ICAAR䛜 ᢸ䛳䛯ᙺ䛾ព⩏䚹䝉䝯䞁䝖ᢏ⾡䛾 Ꮡᅾព⩏䜒ྠᵝ䚹 䠆Rehabilitation䜔Maintenanceศ㔝䛷䛾䜟䛜ᅜ䛾✚ᴟⓗ䛺 㛵䛸㈉⊩䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛸䛟䛻䚸ᮾ༡䜰䝆䜰䛷䛾ሷᐖ䛸 㻌 㻌 ASR䛷䛾ㄢ㢟ゎỴ䛿䜟䛜ᅜ䛾䠄SIP䛛䜙䛾せᮃ䛒 䜚䠅䚹 䠆ASR䜔DEF䛾◊✲䛿ᅔ㞴䠄ኻᩋ䠅䛛䛴㛗䛔㐨䛾䜚䠄㛫䠅 㻌 㻌 䛰䛜䠈◊✲⪅䛸䛧䛶䛾䜔䜚䛜䛔䛜䛒䜛◊✲ศ㔝䛷䛒䜛䚹 㻌 䊠㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䛾㻭㻿㻾ຎᵓ㐀≀䛾≉ᚩ㻌 5 ᕊ⚟ ༡ 䪯┴ 150 10 100 50 5 0 0 ᐩ ᒣ ▼ ᕝ ᕊ⚟ 䪯 ᕊ⚟ ༡ 䪯 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 ᇶᩘ 100 ẚ⋡ 80 60 40 20 0 ᐩ ᒣ ▼ ᕝ 㻔 ᕊ⚟ 䪯┴ 15 㻔 ▼ ᕝ ┴ 20 㻔 ᐩ ᒣ ┴ ẚ⋡ 㻔 0 ᇶᩘ 200 ᕊ⚟ 䪯 ᕊ⚟ ༡ 䪯 యᇶᩘ䛻༨䜑䜛ẚ⋡㻔㻑㻕 10 250 㻭㻿㻾Ⓨ⏕ 䝖䞁䝛䝹䠄ᇶ䠅 15 యᇶᩘ䛻༨䜑䜛ẚ⋡㻔㻑㻕 ẚ⋡ 㻭㻿㻾Ⓨ⏕ 䜹䝹䝞䞊䝖䝪䝑䜽䝇䠄ᇶ䠅 20 ᇶᩘ 㻔 䞞㔝ᮧᫀᘯ䛾◊✲ᡤ䠈㻌 䞞䝣䝹䝔䝑䜽 㔝㻌 ᮧ㻌 ᫀ㻌 ᘯ 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 యᇶᩘ䛻༨䜑䜛ẚ⋡㻔㻑㻕 ᖹᡂ28ᖺ9᭶30᪥ 㻔 㻭㻿㻾Ⓨ⏕ ᶫྎ䞉ᶫ⬮ᩘ䠄ᇶ䠅 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䛾㻭㻿㻾ຎᵓ㐀≀䛾㻌 ≉ᚩ䛚䜘䜃ㄪᰝデ᩿䛸⿵ಟᑐ⟇㻌 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䛿䠈㝣3┴䜢ᮾす䛻㏻㐣䠄47ᖺ䡚58ᖺ 䛾౪⏝䠅 ASR䛿ᐩ ᐩᒣ┴䛷䛾Ⓨ⏕䛜䜒䛳䛸䜒ከ䛟䠈▼ᕝ┴䛚䜘䜃⚟┴ᕊ 䛷䜒Ⅼᅾ ASR䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜Ⓨ⏕㒊䛿䠈㊰㠃Ỉ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䜛ᶫᱱᶫ ྎ䠈䛡㐪䛔ᶫ⬮䠈䜹䝹䝞䞊䝖䝪䝑䜽䝇䛾ධ䜚ཱྀ䠈䝖䞁䝛䝹㠃ቨ ㊰㠃Ỉ䠖ᮇ䛻䛿⤖㜵Ṇ䠄ᡂศNaCl䠅䜢ᩓᕸ䠄IC㛫䛷200䡚 500t/ᖺ㻌 ⏝䠅 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖⏝㦵ᮦ䛸䛧䛶ᆅඖ䛾Ἑᕝ⏘㦵ᮦ䠄ከ✀㢮䛾ᒾ✀䛜ΰ ᅾ䠅䜢⏝䠄⚟┴䛾୍㒊䛾༡㒊䜢㝖䛟䠅 㧗㏿㐨㊰䛻䛚䛡䜛┴ู䛾ASRⓎ⏕≧ἣ 㻵㻵㻌 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䛾㻭㻿㻾ຎᵓ㐀≀䛾ㄪᰝデ᩿䠄䠍䠅㻌 Ⅼ᳨䛸䛾㛵㐃ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛯䛫䜛䛯䜑䠈እほୖ䛾㻭㻿㻾䝷䞁䜽䜢㻠ẁ㝵䛻ศ㢮㻌 ຎᗘ㻮㻌 ຎᗘ㻭㻌 㻭㻿㻾䛾䜂䜃䜜䛜ᗈ⠊ᅖ䛻ከ ᩘⓎ⏕䛧䠈ẁᕪ䜔䛪䜜䜒ㄆ䜑䜙 䜜䜛䜒䛾㻌 㻭㻿㻾䛾䜂䜃䜜䛜ᵓ㐀≀䛾⣙㻝㻛㻟 ௨ୖ䛾㠃✚䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾㻌 ຎᗘ㻯㻌 㻵㻵㻌 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䛾㻭㻿㻾ຎᵓ㐀≀䛾ㄪᰝデ᩿䠄㻞䠅㻌 㻭㻿㻾䝷䞁䜽䛜㧗䛔ᵓ㐀≀䛾㦵ᮦ䛾㉳※㻌 ᖖ㢪ᑎᕝ䠈⚄㏻ᕝ䠈ᗉᕝ㻌 㻌 ᐩᒣ┴䠖ᖖ 㻌 ⚟┴䠖㢌❳ᕝ㻌 㻌 ▼ᕝ┴䠖ᖖ㢪ᑎᕝ䜔㢌❳ᕝ䛾㦵ᮦ䛜ὶ㏻㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䛾㛵ಀ䛷⏝䛧䛯䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕㻌 ᒾ✀䛸ASRຎᗘ䛾㛵ಀ䛷䛿Ᏻᒣᒾ䛾ᵓᡂ⋡䛜㧗䛟䛺䜛䜋䛹 ASRຎᗘ䛜ቑຍ䠄䝨䝅䝬䝮ΰྜ⋡䛻㏆䛵䛟―䠅 ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮䛷䛿Ᏻᒣᒾ䛾ᛂ≧ἣ䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䝫䜲䞁䝖䟿 ᵓ㐀≀䛾㝮ゅ㒊䛺䛹䛻㻭㻿㻾䛾 䜂䜃䜜䛜䛤䛟୍㒊Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔 䜛䜒䛾㻌 ຎᗘ㻻㻷䠖㻭㻿㻾䛾䜂䜃䜜䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䜒䛾㻌 ᕝ◁䛻䛿ከ✀㢮䛾ᒾ✀䛜ΰᅾ䠅 㻞㻜㻚㻜 㻝㻤㻚㻜 㻝㻢㻚㻜 㻝㻠㻚㻜 㻝㻞㻚㻜 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻤㻚㻜 㻢㻚㻜 㻠㻚㻜 㻞㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻜 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻝㻚㻌 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䛾㻭㻿㻾ຎᵓ㐀≀䛾⿵ಟᑐ⟇ 㻡㻚㻜 㻠㻚㻡 㻠㻚㻜 㻟㻚㻡 㻟㻚㻜 㻞㻚㻡 㻞㻚㻜 㻝㻚㻡 㻝㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㻜㻚㻜 Ᏻᒣᒾ䛾ᵓᡂ⋡ 䚷䜰䝹䜹䝸㔞 ್᭱ ᖹᆒ ᭱ᑠ್ 㻻㻷 㻯 㻮 㻭㻿㻾⿵ಟ䛸䛧䛶䠈䜂䜃䜜ὀධ䛸⾲㠃⿕そᕤἲ䜢ᐇ䛧䛶䛝䛯䛜䠈 ᦆയ䜢⏕䛨䜛䜒䛾䛜ከ䛔䚹㻌 ୰䛻䛿㻝㻜ᩘᖺ⤒㐣䛧䛶䜒䛺≧ែ䜢⥅⥆䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䜒䛒䜛䚹ఱ䛜㐪䛖䛾䛛䠛㻌 䜰䝹䜹䝸㔞㻔㼗㼓㻛㼙㻟 䠅 䜰䝹䜹䝸㔞䛸㻭㻿㻾ຎᗘ䛸䛾㛵ಀ 䛷䛿䠈䝁䞁䜽䝸䠉䝖䛾䜰䝹䜹䝸㔞䛜 ከ䛟䛺䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᵓ㐀≀䛾㻭㻿㻾 ຎᗘ䛜ቑຍ㻌 㻌㻝㻚㻡㼗㼓㻛㼙㻟⛬ᗘ䛾䜰䝹䜹䝸㔞䛷䜒 ຎᗘ㻯䛾㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕㻌 ⌧⾜䛾䜰䝹䜹䝸⥲㔞つไ್ 㻟㼗㼓㻛㼙㻟䜢㑂Ᏺ䛧䛶䜒㻭㻿㻾䛾Ⓨ⏕ 䜢䛻ᢚไ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ䛾ᵓᡂ⋡㻔㻑㻕 㻵㻵㻌 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䛾㻭㻿㻾ຎᵓ㐀≀䛾ㄪᰝデ᩿䠄㻞䠅㻌 㻭 㻭㻿㻾ຎᗘ䠄┠ど䠅 Ᏻᒣᒾ䛾ᵓᡂ⋡䠈䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛾䜰䝹 䜹䝸䛚䜘䜃ASRຎᗘ䛸䛾㛵ಀ 㻔㻞㻕➨㻝ḟ⿵ಟ䠄㻢㻟ᖺ䠅䛛䜙 㻝㻣ᖺᚋ䛾≧ἣ㻌 㻔㻟㻕➨㻞ḟ⿵ಟ䠄ᖹᡂ㻝㻣ᖺ䠅䛛䜙 㻝㻜ᖺᚋ䛾≧ἣ㻌 ⾲㠃⿕そᕤἲ䛾㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ᦆയ䛾㻌 ᐩᒣ┴ෆ䛾㻭㻿㻾⿵ಟ㻌 ⾲㠃⿕そᕤἲ䠈㐃⥆⧄⥔䝅䠉䝖᥋╔ᕤἲ䠈⾲㠃ྵᾐᕤἲ䠈 䝁䞁䜽䝸䠉䝖ᕳ❧䛶䛻䜘䜛᩿㠃ಟἲᕤἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶㏣㊧ㄪᰝ㻌 ⿵ಟ䛾┠ⓗ䠖⤖㜵Ṇᑐ⟇䠄㕲➽⭉㣗䛾ᢚไ䠅䠈䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖∦䛾ⴠ㜵Ṇ㻌 ⿵ಟ๓䛸⿵ಟᚋ⣙㻝㻜ᖺ䛷䛾㻺㼍㻻㻴⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ䛻䜘䜛ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䛾ホ౯㻌 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻟㻚⾲㠃⿕そᕤἲ㻌 㻔㻝㻕✀ู䛸⌧ἣ㻌 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻞㻚㻌㻺㼍㻻㻴⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ䛻䜘䜛ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䛾ホ౯ $65ࡀ᮰ࡍࡿ⭾ᙇ㔞 ṧᏑ⭾ᙇ㔞 䠄䝁䜰䛻䜘䜛ホ౯䠅 ⭾ᙇ㔞 㝣ᆅ᪉䛾㻭㻿㻾ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䛾ホ౯䛷䛿䝁 䜰䛻䜘䜛㻺㼍㻻㻴⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ䠄䜹䝘䝎ἲ䠈 ᗘ 㻤㻜䉝䠈䠍㻺䞉㻺㼍㻻㻴⁐ᾮᾐₕ䠅䜢ྲྀ䜚ධ䜜䛶䛝 䛯⤒⦋㻌 ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䜢䝁䜰䛷☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛛䠛㻌 䝁䜰䛻䜘䜛୍ᅇ䛾ヨ㦂䛷䛿䠈ヨ㦂ᙜ䛻䛚 䛡䜛᩿㠃䛾⤖ᯝ䛻␃䜎䜛㻌 䜎䛯ヨ㦂⤖ᯝ䛿䠈ྵ᭷䛩䜛ᒾ▼䠈㖔≀䠈䜰 䝹䜹䝸㔞䠈㻭㻿㻾䛾㐍⾜≧ἣ䛻䜘䜚ኚ㻌 㣴⏕ ᗘ䛜㻤㻜䉝䛸㧗䛟䠈ᵓ㐀≀䛾⌧≧䛸 㞳䛧䛶ᮏ᮶㻭㻿㻾䜢⏕䛨䛺䛔ᒾ▼䜎䛷㻭㻿㻾䜢 ಁ㐍䛧䛶䛧䜎䛖䠈䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜒ᣦ䟿㻌 ྠ୍ᵓ㐀≀䛷ヨ㦂䜢」ᩘᅇᐇ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷 ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䛾᪉ྥᛶ䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䛿 䛺䛔䛛䠉㻌 㻔㻝㻕౪⏝䠄㻡㻜ᖺ䠅䛛䜙㻝㻞ᖺᚋ 䛾≧ἣ㻌 ᵓ㐀≀࠾ࡅࡿASR⭾ᙇṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶࡢ㛵ಀ ṧᏑ⭾ᙇ㔞 䠄䝁䜰䛻䜘䜛ホ౯䠅 ㄪᰝ ⅬW ᵓ㐀≀ࡢ⭾ᙇ ᣲື ㄪᰝ ⅬW 㛫㹲 ⥅⥆ⓗ䛻ィ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷 ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䛾᪉ྥ䜢ᢕᥱ ASRຎᗘA䛾ᵓ㐀≀䛻4✀㢮䛾⾲㠃⿕そᕤἲ䜢㏣㊧䛧䛶䛝䛯䛜䠈14ᖺ⤒㐣ᚋ䛷 䜒䜰䜽䝸䝹䝂䝮⣔䜔䜴䝺䝍䞁⣔䛾⾲㠃⿕そᮦ䛿Ⰻዲ䛺≧ែ䜢⥅⥆ 䛣䜜䜙䛾ᮦᩱ䛻ඹ㏻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ୗሬ䠇୰ሬ䛜2200g/m2௨ୖ 䜂䜃䜜㏣ᚑᛶ䛾䛒䜛୰ሬᮦ䜢ཌ䛟䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ASR䛾⭾ᙇ䜢ᢚไ䠉 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻠㻚㐃⥆⧄⥔䝅䠉䝖᥋╔ᕤἲ䛻䜘䜛⿵ಟ㻌 㻌 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻟㻚⾲㠃⿕そᕤἲ㻌 㻔㻞㻕㻺㼍㻻㻴⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ䛾⤖ᯝ㻌 㻭㻿㻾ຎᗘ㻭䛾ᶫྎ䛻㻟✀㢮䝅䞊䝖䛾ᕤ㻌 ᕤ䛛䜙⣙㻝㻜ᖺ⛬ᗘ䜎䛷䛿Ⰻዲ䛺≧ែ䜢⥅⥆ 䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈㻝㻟ᖺ⤒㐣ᚋ䛻䛿Ỉ⭾䜜䜔㐟㞳▼ ⅊䛾ⁱ䜏ฟ䛧䜢☜ㄆ䚹㻌 䝁䜰䛻䜘䜛ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䛾ഴྥ䛷䛿䠈㐃⥆⧄⥔ 䝅䞊䝖䛷䛿㻭㻿㻾䜢ᢚไ䛷䛝䛺䛔䇷㻌 ᮦᩱ䛜ኵ䛺䛾䛷䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖∦䛾ⴠ㜵Ṇ ᶵ⬟䛿⥅⥆䠉㻌 㐟㞳▼⅊䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛⟠ᡤ䛷䛿䠈䝅䞊䝖⮬య 䛜◳䛧䛶䛚䜚ᚋ䠈᳨ド䛩䜛ᚲせ䠛㻌 Ⰻ ዲ ᦆ യ Ⰻ ዲ ᦆ യ ᦆ യ ⿵ಟ๓ᚋ䛾NaOH⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ䛻䜘䜛 ⭾ᙇ⋡䛾ẚ㍑䠄ヨ㦂᪥ᩘ21᪥䠅 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻡㻚⾲㠃ྵᾐᕤἲ䛻䜘䜛⿵ಟ㻌 㻔㻝㻕✀ู䛸⌧ἣ㻌 㻔㻝㻕Ⅳ⣲⧄⥔䝅䞊䝖䛻Ⓨ⏕䛧 䛯Ỉ⭾䜜㻌 㻔㻞㻕䝫䝸䜶䝏䝺䞁⧄⥔䝅䞊䝖䛻 Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㐟㞳▼⅊㻌 ⿵ಟ๓ᚋ䛾NaOH⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ䛾ẚ㍑ 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻡㻚⾲㠃ྵᾐᕤἲ䛻䜘䜛⿵ಟ㻌 㻔㻞㻕䜿䜲㓟䝘䝖䝸䜴䝮⣔⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦ ᮏᮦᩱ䛾ㄝ᫂䛷䛿㻭㻿㻾䛾ᢚไຠᯝ䜢᫂グ㻌 ᖹᡂ㻣ᖺ䡚ᖹᡂ㻥ᖺ䛻ᕤ䛧䛯䛜䠈ᩘᖺ䛷䜂䜃 䜜➼䛾ᦆയ䛜Ⓨ⏕䟿㻌 䛾ᡂศ䜢ㄪ䜉䜛䛸㻭㻿㻾ᑐ⟇䛸䛔䛔䛺䛜䜙䠈 Ỉ⁐ᛶ䛾Ⅳ㓟䝘䝖䝸䜴䝮䜢㻥䠂䜒ྵ᭷䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈 䛭䛾䜰䝹䜹䝸䛜䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛻ᾐ㏱䊻㻭㻿㻾䜢ຓ 㛗䠉㻌 䜂䜃䜜㒊䛛䜙䝁䜰䜢᥇ྲྀ䛧 䠈㻱㻼㻹㻭䛻䜘䜛 䝬䝑䝢䞁䜾䜢⾜䛳䛯䛜䠈䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆䛻グ㍕䛧 䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛺ቑṪᶵ⬟䛿☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛔㻌 䝁䜰䛾ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䛾ഴྥ䛿䠈㻭㻿㻾䜢㐍⾜䛥䛫 䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛺ഴྥ䠉㻌 ࢣ㓟ࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘⣔⾲㠃⿕そᮦ㸦㸧ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ ࣭ࣝ࢝ࣜሷ≀࢜ࣥ⃰ᗘ ⾲㠃⿕そᮦ䛜Ⰻዲ䛺≧ែ䜢⥅⥆ 䛧䛶䛔䛯䜒䛾䛿䠈䝁䜰䛾⭾ᙇ⋡䛻 䜋䛸䜣䛹ኚ䛺䛧㻌 䊻㻭㻿㻾䛾㐍⾜䜢ᢚไ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸ホ౯㻌 㻌 ⾲㠃⿕そ䛜ᦆയ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛿䝁䜰 䛾⭾ᙇ⋡䛜㛫䛾⤒㐣䛸䛸䜒䛻 పୗ㻌 䊻㻭㻿㻾䛾㐍⾜䜢ᢚไ䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯㻌 㻌 䛣䛸䜢ホ౯ ࠙ᵓ㐀≀*ࠚ 1D2HT &O ⾲㠃ࡽࡢ῝ࡉ㸧 ࣝ࢝ࣜ㔠ᒓࡢእ㒊ࡽࡢᾐ㏱ ୍⯡㐨䛷䛾㏣㊧ ࢣ㓟ࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘⣔⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦሬᕸᚋࡢᦆയ≧ἣ 㸦2015ᖺࡢ≧ἣ㸧 1D2+⁐ᾮᾐₕἲࡢẚ㍑⤖ᯝ 㸦ᵓ㐀≀G㸪H㸧 䛆ᮦᩱ䛾≉ᚩ䠄䝩䞊䝮䜊䞊䝆䜘䜚䠅䛇㻌 䝬䜾䝛䝅䜴䝮䠄㻹㼓䠅䜢య䛸䛩䜛ゐ፹ᛶྜ≀䛜䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖῝㒊䛻ᾐ㏱䛩䜛䛸䛸 䜒䛻ẟ⣽⟶✵㝽䜔㑄⛣ᖏ䛥䜙䛻ᚤ⣽䛺䜂䜃䜜䛻᪂䛯䛺䝉䝯䞁䝖⤖ᬗ≀䠄㻯㻿㻴䠅䜢 ቑṪ䛥䛫䠈䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䜢⦓ᐦ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷㻭㻿㻾䜢ᢚไ㻌 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻡㻚⾲㠃ྵᾐᕤἲ䛻䜘䜛⿵ಟ㻌 㻌 㻔㻟㻕䝅䝷䞁⣔⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦ䛸䜂䜃䜜ὀධ䛻䜘䜛⿵ಟ ᕤ䛛䜙㻞ᖺ䛷య䛾㻝⛬ᗘ䛷ὀධ⟠ᡤ䛜㛤䛔䛯䜚䠈᪂䛯䛺䜂䜃 䜜䛾Ⓨ⏕䜢☜ㄆ㻌 ྵᾐᮦ䛾᧕Ỉᶵ⬟䛿⥅⥆㻌 ᮏᕤἲ䛷䛿䠈䝁䜰䛾⭾ᙇഴྥ䛜⥅⥆䛩䜛䜘䛖䛺ሙྜ䠈㛗ᮇⓗ䛺⪏ஂ ᛶ䛿ᮃ䜑䛺䛔䠉㻌 ࡦࡧࢀὀධᮦࡢᦆയ≧ἣ ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡦࡧࢀࡢⓎ⏕ 㸦ᵓ㐀≀L㸧 㸦ᵓ㐀≀㸧 ⿵ಟᚋ2ᖺ䛷䛾ᦆയ≧ἣ 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻡㻚⾲㠃ྵᾐᕤἲ䛻䜘䜛⿵ಟ㻌 㻌 㻔㻠㻕䝅䝷䞁⣔⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦ䛸䜂䜃䜜ሸᕤ䛻䜘䜛⿵ಟ ⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦࡢ᧕Ỉຠᯝࡣ☜ㄆ 1D2+⁐ᾮᾐₕἲࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦ᵓ㐀≀I㸪J㸪K㸪L㸧 ᵓ㐀≀M䛾≧ἣ 㻵㼂㻚䜎䛸䜑䠄䠍䠅㻌 㻵㻵㻵㻙㻢㻚䝁䞁䜽䝸䠉䝖ᕳ❧䛶䛻䜘䜛᩿㠃ಟᕤἲ䛻䜘䜛⿵ಟ 䛛䜆䜚䜢㝖ཤ䛧䚸㏣ຍ㕲➽䛚䜘䜃䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛻䜘䜛ಟ㻌 㐟㞳▼⅊䛾ⁱฟ䛧䜒䛒䜛䛜㻝㻞ᖺ௨ୖ䠈Ⰻዲ䛺≧ែ䜢ಖ䛴䜒䛾䛜ከ䛔㻌 㻭㻿㻾䛜㢧ⴭ䛻Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㐨㊰ᵓ㐀≀䛾ୗ㒊ᕤ㕲➽䛻䛿㝆అⅬ䜢㉸䛘䜛ᛂຊ 䛜స⏝㻌 ㏣ຍ㕲➽䜢㓄⨨䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷᪤タ䛾㕲➽䛾ᛂຊ㈇ᢸ䜢㍍ῶ㻌 i. 㝣ᆅ᪉䛾ᵓ㐀≀䛷䛿䠈ᖖ㢪ᕝỈ⣔(ᐩᒣ┴)䜔㢌❳ᕝỈ⣔(⚟┴)䛾 Ἑᕝ⏘㦵ᮦ䜢⏝䛧䛯䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈୍㒊䛾ᵓ㐀≀䛻ຎᗘ䛾㧗䛔ASR䛜Ⓨ ⏕䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹䛣䛾ᆅᇦ䛾Ἑᕝ⏘㦵ᮦ䛿䠈Ᏻᒣᒾ䛾ᒾ✀ᵓᡂ⋡䛜䝨䝅䝬䝮 ΰྜ⋡䛻㏆䛔䛣䛸䛜῝้䛺ASRⓎ⏕䛾ཎᅉ䛾୍䛴䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䚹 ᵓ㐀≀P䛷䛾㐟㞳▼⅊䛾Ⓨ⏕ ⭾ᙇ⋡㻔㻑㻕 㻭㻿㻾⭾ᙇ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᘬᙇຊ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶 䛔䛯䛛䜆䜚㒊ศ䜢㝖ཤ䛧䠈᪂䛯䛺䝁䞁 䜽䝸䠉䝖䛷᩿㠃ಟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛛䜆䜚 㒊ศ䛾ᘬᙇຊ䜢୍ᗘ䝸䝉䝑䝖㻌 ᩿㠃ಟ䛾䝁䞁䜽䝸䠉䝖䛻䛿䝡䝙䝻䞁 ⧄⥔䠄㻷♫〇䠅䜢䝉䝯䞁䝖㔞䛾㻜㻚㻡䠂䜢 ΰධ䛧䜂䜃䜜Ⓨ⏕䜢ᢚไ㻌 䛛䛺䜚㧗౯䛺ᕤἲ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䜋䛸䜣䛹 䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䝣䝸䞊䛸䛺䜜䜀㈝⏝ᑐຠ ᯝ䛜䛝䛔䟿㻌 ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䛾ഴྥ䛷䛿䠈ᮏᕤἲ䛷䛿 ㌣యෆ㒊䛾㻭㻿㻾ᢚไຠᯝ䛜ᮇᚅ䛷 䛝䛺䛔䇷㻌 ᵓ㐀≀㻹䛷䛿㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛㐟㞳▼⅊䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈ᑐ⟇䛸䛧䛶䝫䝸䜴䝺䝍䞁⣔ᙎᛶ䝅䠉䝸䞁䜾ᮦ䛻䜘䜛䜂 䜃䜜ሸᕤ䜢ᐇ䛧䛯ᚋ䠈䝅䝷䞁⣔䛾⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦ䜢ሬᕸ㻌 ㌣యෆ㒊䛾Ỉᑐ⟇䛸䛧䛶ᑟỈᕤ䛾䝟䜲䝥䛜⣙㻞㻜㼏㼙䝢䝑䝏䛷㓄⨨㻌 ୍㒊䛾䝟䜲䝥䛛䜙Ỉ䛾ฟ䜒☜ㄆ㻌 ⿵ಟ㻡ᖺᚋ䛷䛿䝇䝫䜲䝖䛻䜘䜛ᩓỈ䛷ྵᾐᮦ䛾᧕Ỉᶵ⬟䛜☜ㄆ㻌 䜂䜃䜜ሸᮦ䛻ᦆയ䛿Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔㻌 ᮏᕤἲ䛷䛿ෆ㒊㕲➽䛾⭉㣗ᢚไ䛸䛔䛖┠ⓗ䜢Ⓨ䠉㻌 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 ⿵ಟ๓ ⿵ಟ⣙10ᖺᚋ N O P Q Ⰻ ዲ Ⰻ ዲ ᦆ യ Ⰻ ዲ 1D2+⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ㸦ヨ㦂᪥ᩘ21᪥㸧 ࡢẚ㍑⤖ᯝ ii. 䝁䞁䜽䝸䠉䝖䛾䜰䝹䜹䝸㔞䛸Ᏻᒣᒾ䛾ᵓᡂ⋡䛜ቑຍ䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᵓ㐀≀䛾 ASRຎᗘ䛜㧗䛟䛺䜚䠈䜰䝹䜹䝸㔞䛜2kg/m3⛬ᗘ䛷䜒ຎᗘA䛾ASR䛜Ⓨ⏕ 䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹1.5kg/m3⛬ᗘ䛾䜰䝹䜹䝸㔞䛷䜒ຎᗘC䛾ASR䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣 䛸䛛䜙䠈⌧⾜䛾䜰䝹䜹䝸⥲㔞つไ್3kg/m3䜢㑂Ᏺ䛧䛶䜒ASR䛾Ⓨ⏕䜢 䛻ᢚไ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛯䚹 iii. 䜰䜽䝸䝹䝂䝮⣔䛚䜘䜃䜴䝺䝍䞁⣔䛾⾲㠃⿕そᮦ䛿䠈14ᖺ㛫 ASR䜢ᢚไ䛩䜛 ຠᯝ䜢♧䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾⿕そᮦ䛻ඹ㏻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿୰ሬᮦ䛸ୗሬᮦ䛾ሬᕸ㔞 䛾ィ䛜2,200g/m2௨ୖ䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹≉䛻䜂䜃䜜㏣ᚑᛶ䛾䛒䜛୰ሬ ᮦཌ䛟䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ASR䛻䜘䜛⭾ᙇ䜢ᢚไ䛧䠈⿕そᮦ⮬㌟䛾ᦆയ䛾䝸䝇䜽䜢 పῶ䛷䛝䛯䚹 㻵㼂㻚䜎䛸䜑䠄㻞䠅㻌 iv. 㐃⥆⧄⥔䝅䞊䝖᥋╔ᕤἲ䛿䠈䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛿䛟ⴠ㜵Ṇ䛾ᛶ⬟䛿ᣢ⥆䛩䜛䜒 䛾䛾ASR䜢ᢚไ䛩䜛ຠᯝ䛿ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䛪䠈13ᖺ⤒㐣ᚋ䜘䜚Ỉ⭾䜜䜔㐟㞳▼ ⅊䛾Ⓨ⏕䛜㢧ᅾ䛧䛯䚹䛺䛚䠈㐟㞳▼⅊䛾Ⓨ⏕⟠ᡤ䛷䛿䠈䝅䞊䝖䛾ᛶ⬟ 䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹 v. ᮏㄪᰝ䛷㏣㊧䛧䛯䜿䜲㓟䝘䝖䝸䜴䝮⣔䛾⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦ䛿䠈୰䛻Ⅳ㓟䝘 䝖䝸䜴䝮䜢ྵ䜏䠈ᡂศ୰䛾Na䠇䛜ASR䜢ಁ㐍䛥䛫䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹 vi. 䝅䝷䞁⣔⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦ䛸ᰂ㌾ᆺ䜶䝫䜻䝅⣔䛾䜂䜃䜜ὀධ䛻䜘䜛⤌䜏ྜ䜟 䛫䛷䛿䠈ὀධ⟠ᡤ䛾䜂䜃䜜䛜㛤䛟䛸䛸䜒䛻᪂䛯䛺䜂䜃䜜䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛 䛺䛹䠈㕲➽⭉㣗䜢ᢚไ䛷䛝䛺䛔ሙྜ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䚹 vii. 䝅䝷䞁⣔⾲㠃ྵᾐᮦ䛸䝫䝸䜴䝺䝍䞁⣔ᙎᛶ䝅䞊䝸䞁䜾ᮦ䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜 ሸᕤ䛿䠈5ᖺ㛫䛺≧ែ䜢⥅⥆䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹 viii. 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕳ❧䛶䛻䜘䜛᩿㠃ಟᕤἲ䛿䠈᩿㠃ಟ䛾ᵓ㐀䛻䜘䛳䛶ASR ⭾ᙇ䜢ฎ⌮䛩䜛ሙྜ䛜䛒䜚䠈12ᖺ௨ୖ䠈⤖㜵Ṇ䛾ᾐ㏱ᢚไ䜔䝁䞁䜽 䝸䠉䝖䛿䛟ⴠ∦䛾㜵Ṇຠᯝ䛜ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䛯䚹 䛤Ύ⫈䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤䛦䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹 5+2ဦႎǤȎșȸǷȧȳоᡯȗȭǰȩȠ ǤȳȕȩዜਤሥྸȷૼȷȞȍǸȡȳȈ২ᘐ Ჲ࠰Ჳஉଐ එܖٻ᳃ǷȳȝǸǦȠ ᳑᳁ᲬᲢᢿ˟Უᄂᆮإԓ˟ ž҅ᨕ૾עƴƓƚǔ#54բ᫆ƷᚐൿǛႸਦƠƯſ 䛾䛸㔛ᒣᾏ㐨䛾ᴫせ䠄ᪧ⬟Ⓩ᭷ᩱ㐨㊰䠅 ᖺ䠄ᖺ䠅 ⥺㛤㏻ ⅏ᐖ䛾⥭ᛴ㍺㏦㊰䛻ᣦᐃ ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ Ꮱႇஊ૰ᢊែƷ#54э҄ನᡯཋƷཎࣉƱᙀࢍݣሊ ▼ᕝ┴୰⬟Ⓩᅵᮌ⥲ྜົᡤ䛾䛸㔛ᒣᾏ㐨⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ㄢ ဋ ᛗ 1 䛆㐨㊰ᵓ㐀≀䛇 䞉ᶫᱱᶫ 䞉䝖䞁䝛䝹3ᇶ 䞉䝪䝑䜽䝇 䜹䝹䝞䞊䝖ᇶ ᖺ(ᖹᡂᖺ)☜ㄆ $65ຎᶫᱱїᰗ⏣㻵㻚㻯௨䛾ᶫ 2 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ䛾ᴫせ䠄䠍䠅 ᮏሗ࿌䛾┠ⓗ ᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ ASRຎᶫᱱ䛾⿵ಟ⿵ᙉᑐ⟇䛻䛴䛔䛶☜❧䛥䜜䛯ᡭἲ 䛿䛺䛔 $ᶫ Task1ASRຎᑐ⟇䛸ᶫ⬮⿵ᙉ䛸䜢ྠ䛷ᕤ䛧䛯ᶫ⬮ 䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䚸ASRᢚไຠᯝ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛾䛛䠛 Task2 ᶫ⬮ᙧ≧䛸PCᕳ❧䛶䛻䜘䜛ASRᢚไຠᯝ䛾㛵ಀ Task3 ASRຎ䛜⏕䛨䛯䝣䞊䝏䞁䜾䜈䛾ᑐ⟇䛾᳨ド Task4 ຠᯝⓗ䛺䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᡭἲ %ᶫ &ᶫ 3 ᶫ⬮ 3 ᶫ⬮ 3$ ᶫ⬮ 3 ᶫ⬮ ᘓタ ᖺ ⿵ᙉᖺ ୗ㒊ᕤᙧᘧ ᵓ㐀㧗 ᰕ᩿㠃ᑍἲ +㹼 + ᙇฟᘧᶫ⬮ 㸦ᇶ㒊㏆ ࡢࡳ୰✵㸧 P P 6 P ྠୖ 6 + ቨᘧᶫ⬮ P P ୰✵ᘧ ᙇฟᘧᶫ⬮ ࣮࣓ࣛࣥᘧ ᶫྎ P P 6 +㹼 + P P $ᶫྎ 䐟ຎ䛾ᵓ㐀≀䛾ㄪᰝ䞉≉ᛶ䜢ᢕᥱ 䐠டኚィ䜢⏝䛔䛯㛗ᮇ㛫䛾䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䜢ᐇ ASRຎᶫ⬮䛾ASRᢚไຠᯝ䛾᳨ド䛚䜘䜃ၥ㢟Ⅼ䛾ᢳฟ 䛧䚸ᚋ䛾⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ᡭἲ䛾☜❧ 3 'ᶫ 3 ᶫ⬮ 6 + ᙇฟᘧᶫ⬮ P P (ᶫ $$ ᶫྎ 6 +㹼 + ᙇฟᘧᶫ⬮ ࡽᶫྎ ᵓ㐀ኚ᭦ P 㸫 4 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ䛾ᴫせ䠄䠎䠅 ᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ $ᶫ %ᶫ &ᶫ 3 ᶫ⬮ 3 ᶫ⬮ 3$ ᶫ⬮ 3 ᶫ⬮ $ᶫྎ 'ᶫ 3 ᶫ⬮ (ᶫ $$ ᶫྎ ᖏ㕲➽ࡢ ≧ἣ $65ຎ≧ἣ ᰕᇶ㒊㏆ࡢ㝮ゅ㒊 ࡁ࡞ࡦࡧࢀ ᰕᇶ㒊㏆ࡢ㝮ゅ㒊 ࡁ࡞ࡦࡧࢀ ᰕ㝮ゅ㒊㠀ᖖ ࡁ࡞ࡦࡧࢀ ᰕ㖄┤᪉ྥࡦࡧ ࢀ 㕲➽᪉ྥࡦࡧ ࢀ ᰕᶓᱱ㒊࠾ࡼࡧࣇ࣮ ࢳࣥࢢୖ㠃ࡦࡧ ࢀ ࣇ࣮ࢳࣥࢢ㝮ゅ㒊 ࡁ࡞ࡦࡧࢀ ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䠖⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯㦵ᮦ䛾೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾┿ ◚᩿ ᮍ☜ㄆ ⿵ಟ࣭⿵ᙉᕤἲ *OVⅆᒣ䜺䝷䝇 &UV䜽䝸䝇䝖䝞䝷䜲䝖 3Oᩳ㛗▼ 3[㍤▼ 6P䝇䝯䜽䝍䜲䝖 2ST㏱᫂㖔≀ ᖏ㕲➽ᪧ㸦ࣇࣞ⁐ ᥋㸧㸩5&ᕳ❧࡚⿵ᙉ 3&ᕳ❧࡚⿵ᙉ ᘓタࡽ᥋⥆ 3&ᕳ❧࡚⿵ᙉ ࡞ࡋ 㗰ᯈᕳ❧࡚⿵ᙉ 㸩ᱱᡴ᭰࠼ ↓ࡋ 㸦ࡦࡧࢀὀධࡢࡳ㸧 ᖏ㕲➽ᪧ㸩ᰕ5&ᕳ❧ ◚᩿ ࡚⿵ᙉ 㺪㺎㺟㺻㺖㺼5&ィ⟬ ࡼࡿᕳ❧࡚⿵ᙉ ࣇ࣮ࢳࣥࢢᕳ❧࡚⿵ᙉ 㸩ഃᚄ㛫㒊࣎ࢵࢡࢫ ◚᩿ ࢝ࣝࣂ࣮ࢺࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪 ᵓ㐀ኚ᭦ 5 ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ ᶫ⬮䛾$65䛻ຎ≧ἣ䠄㻭ᶫ䠅 㝮ゅ㒊䛻䜜䛜Ⓨ⏕ ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ ᶫ⬮䛾$65䛻ຎ≧ἣ䠄㻰ᶫ䠅 ୰✵㒊 䕔ᛂᛶ䛾㧗䛔㦵ᮦ䜢⏝䛧䛯䝣䞊䝏䞁䜾䛾䜂䜃䜜 ᐇ㒊 䕔ᐇ㒊䛸ᖏ㕲➽䛾◚᩿䛸䛾㛵ಀ 䛆䜜䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥䛫䛯せᅉ䛇 ᐇ㒊䛻䛶ASR⭾ᙇຊ䛜 䛝䛟䠈䛥䜙䛻ᶫ⬮እഃ䛻㞟୰ 6 䛆䜜䜢Ⓨ⏕䛥䛫䛯せᅉ䛇 ᛂᛶ䛾㧗䛔㦵ᮦ ᆅୗỈ䛾ኚື䞉㕲➽䛾᭤䛢ຍᕤ 㒊䛾ึᮇᦆയ䞉ᛂຊ䛾㞟୰ 䠄ᐇ᩿㠃㒊䠅 7 䝣䞊䝏䞁䜾⾲㠃䞉ゅ㒊䛻䜂䜃䜜 8 ᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ䛾⿵ಟ⿵ᙉᕤἲ䠄㻯ᶫ䠅 ᶫ㍈᪉ྥ ᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ䛾⿵ಟ⿵ᙉᕤἲ䠄㻭ᶫ䠅 9 ᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ䛾⿵ಟ⿵ᙉᕤἲ䠄㻱ᶫ䠅 10 டኚィ䛻䜘䜛䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᴫせ ᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ ィ ᮇ 3 ⿵ᙉᚋ 3 ⿵ᙉᚋ %ᶫ 3$ ⿵ᙉᚋ $ᶫ ⿵ᙉ๓ 3 &ᶫ 'ᶫ ⿵ᙉ๓ ୖ 㒊 $ 3 ⿵ᙉᚋ டኚィタ⨨≧ἣ ᅵ୰㒊 ⾲㠃㏆㸸 ⟠ᡤ ᅵ୰㒊 ᰕᇶ㒊㏆㸸 ⟠ᡤ ᆅ⾲㒊㸸⟠ᡤ Ẽ୰㒊㸸⟠ᡤ ᅵ୰㒊㸸⟠ᡤ Ẽ୰㒊㸸⟠ᡤ Ẽ୰㒊㸸⟠ᡤ ᅵ୰㒊㸸⟠ᡤ ᱆࢙࢘ࣈ㸸⟠ᡤ ⿵ಟᚋ ⿵ᙉᚋ Ẽ୰㒊㸸⟠ᡤ ᅵ୰㒊㺪㺎㺟㺻㺖㺼㸸⟠ᡤ ⿵ᙉᚋ 11 12 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾⤖ᯝ䠄㻭ᶫ 㻼䠍ᶫ⬮ 㻾㻯ᕳ❧䛶䠅 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾⤖ᯝ䠄㻭ᶫ 㻼䠎ᶫ⬮ 㻼㻯ᕳ❧䛶䠅 ᆅ⾲㠃㏆䛷䛾டኚィ䠄ᅵ䛛䜆䜚䠖䠍䠊䠌䡚䠍䠊䠏䡉䠅 ẖᖺ䛾 ᗘ䠖䠍䠔Υ๓ᚋ ⇕㟁ᑐ7 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᮇ㛫䠖䠍䠌ᖺ ᐃᮇ㛫 ᖺ㹼 ኚ㔞䠖0.014mm/ᖺ ⇕㟁ᑐ7 ᇶ㒊ᐇ㒊 &ኚ㔞 ᗘΥ 3㏆⇕㟁ᑐ 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᮇ㛫䠖䠓ᖺ ኚ㔞PP 3ኚ㔞 ኚ㔞PP 3ኚ㔞 ᗘΥ 3ኚ㔞 &ኚ㔞 ᶫ⬮ᙧ≧䠖3.8㽢3.8m ASR⭾ᙇ䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹⏕䛨䛶䛔䛺䛔 ᐃᮇ㛫 ᖺ㹼 13 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾⤖ᯝ䠄㻮ᶫ 㻼㻭㻝ᶫ⬮ 㻼㻯ᕳ❧䛶䠅 14 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾⤖ᯝ䠄㻯ᶫ䠬䠍ᶫ⬮ 㗰ᯈᕳ❧䛶䠅 ᐃᮇ㛫 ᖺ㹼 䠞ᶫ 䠬䠝䠍ᶫ⬮ ᶫ⬮ᙧ≧10㽢3m䠄㛗᪉ᙧ䠅 䠝ᶫ3.8㽢3.8䠄ṇ᪉ᙧ䠅䛸ẚ㍑䛧ASR⭾ᙇ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᢚไຠᯝ䛜ᑡ䛺䛔 ึᮇ䜂䜃䜜䛜ᑠ䛥䛔ᶓ᩿໙㓄ୖὶഃ䛾டኚィ䛜䛝䛟ቑຍ ኚ㔞䠖0.003mm/ᖺ ซ No.䠖 டኚィタ⨨⨨ 䠄 䠅䠖ึᮇ䜂䜃䜜ᖜ mm No.2(15.54) No.3(11.53) እほ䛿᭷ᐖ䛺䜂䜃 䜜➼䛾␗ᖖ䛺䛧 䠤28.6ᙳ 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᮇ㛫䠖䠔ᖺ༙ 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᮇ㛫䠖䠓ᖺ༙ No.4(7.48) ኚ㔞䠖0.14mm/ᖺ ኚ㔞PP ᰕᇶ㒊Ẽ୰1R ᰕᇶ㒊ᅵ୰1R ᰕᇶ㒊Ẽ୰⇕㟁ᑐ ᰕᇶ㒊ᅵ୰⇕㟁ᑐ ኚ㔞PP ᗘΥ ୗࡾ⥺ഃ 1R ୗࡾ⥺ഃ 1R ୖࡾ⥺ഃ 1R Ẽ୰㒊 ᗘ ⿵ᙉᚋ䛾᪤タᶫ⬮䝁䞊䝘䞊㒊䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾⤖ᯝ No.4䛾䜏ᶓ᩿ ໙㓄ୖὶഃ ᗘΥ Ẽ୰㒊䛾டኚィ ᐃᮇ㛫 ᖺ㹼 ኚ㔞䛿ᚤቑ䠈䛥䜙䛻Ⅼ᳨䛻䜘䜚㗰ᯈ䝁䞊䝘䞊㒊➼䛾␗ᖖ䛺䛧 15 16 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾⤖ᯝ䠄㻯ᶫ䠬䠍ᶫ⬮ 㗰ᯈᕳ❧䛶䠅 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾⤖ᯝ䠄㻰ᶫ䠬䠎ᶫ⬮ 䝣䞊䝏䞁䜾䠅 ⿵ᙉᚋ䛾ᶫ⬮ᰕ㢌㒊PC㗰Წ䛾䜂䛪䜏䛾䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾⤖ᯝ ኚ㔞䠖0.05mm/ᖺ ⦰᪉ྥ䠄ᅽ⦰䠅 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᮇ㛫䠖䠓ᖺ 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᮇ㛫䠖䠔ᖺ༙ ᗘΥ ࡦࡎࡳȣ 3ኚ㔞 3ኚ㔞 ᗘ㸦ᅵ୰㒊㸧 ᗘΥ ┤ゅ᪉ྥഃ1R ᶫ㍈᪉ྥୖࡾ⥺1R ኚ㔞PP ┤ゅ᪉ྥ༡ഃ1R ᶫ㍈᪉ྥୗࡾ⥺1R $ᶫྎ ྎᗙ⇕㟁ᑐ RCᕳ❧䛶⿵ᙉ䛷䛾䝣䞊䝏䞁䜾䛾䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾 ᐃᮇ㛫 ᖺ㹼 ᐃᮇ㛫 ᖺ㹼 ᰕ㢌㒊䛾PC㗰Წ䛾䜂䛪䜏䛜⦰᪉ྥ э 㗰ᯈୖ㒊䛜㛤䛟᪉ྥ䛻⾜䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹 17 ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ 㻱ᶫእほ䞉㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ ᛂ䝸䝮 ⤖㜵Ṇ䛾㣕ᩓ ᐇయ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ ೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ(༢䝙䝁䝹䠅 18 䜎䛸䜑 䕔$65ຎ䛾䛯䜑䠈ᶫᱱୗ㒊䛻%2;䜢ᕤ䛧ᵓ㐀ᙧᘧ䜢ኚ᭦ ᛂ䝸䝮 ᶫ㍈᪉ྥ㠃䛻タ⨨䛧䛶䛒䜛டኚィ䛜ቑຍ ᶫ㍈┤ゅ᪉ྥ䛾㠃䛾್䛿ኚື䛺䛧 ᮏᶫ䛿ᖹᡂ10ᖺ䠈⌧ᅾ䛾ASRᢚไᑐ⟇ ᚋ䛻ᘓタ䛥䜜䠈㦵ᮦ䛾࿘䜚䛻ASR䛻䜘䜛 ᛂ䝸䝮䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹 ᛂᛶ䛾㧗䛔㦵ᮦ䛷䛛䛴⎔ቃ᮲௳䛷䠈 ⌧ᅾ䛾ᢚไᑐ⟇䛻ຍ䛘䛶䚸䛥䜙䛻㓄៖䛜 ᚲせ 19 䠄1䠅PCᕳ❧䛶ᕤἲ䛾௦᭰䛘䛾RCᕳ❧䛶ᕤἲ䛿䠈7ᖺ㛫䛾䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾 䛾⤖ᯝ䠈୍㒊䛷䜂䜃䜜ᖜ䛾ቑຍ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛⟠ᡤ䛜䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈 ASR⭾ᙇ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ไᚚ䛷䛝䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䚹 䠄2䠅PCᕳ❧䛶ᕤἲ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈᩿㠃ᙧ≧䛸⿵ᙉຠᯝ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ASRᑐ⟇ ຠᯝ䛻ᕪ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛯䚹 䠄3䠅RC⿵ᙉ䜢⾜䛳䛯䝣䞊䝏䞁䜾䛷䛿䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䛾⤖ᯝ␗ᖖ䛺ᣲື䛿 䛺䛟䠈༑ศ䛻⿵ᙉຠᯝ䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹 䠄4䠅㗰ᯈᕳ❧䛶ᕤἲ䛿䠈ᶫ⬮㒊䛾䜂䜃䜜ᖜ䛾ቑຍ㔞䛿ᚤ㔞䛷䛛 䛴䠈᭷ᐖ䛺PC㗰Წ䛾䜂䛪䜏䛾ኚ䛜䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ASRᢚไᑐ⟇ 䛾䠍䛴䛸䛧䛶㑅ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ྍ⬟䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹 䠄5䠅ASRᢚไᑐ⟇ᚋ䛻ᘓタ䛥䜜䛯䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖BOX䛻䛶䠈㡬∧䛾ୗ㠃 䛚䜘䜃ഃ㠃㒊䛻ASR䜂䜃䜜䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䚹⎔ቃ᮲௳䜢⪃៖䛧䚸 ASRᑐ⟇䛸䛧䛶ᮦᩱ䛺䛹ᕤኵ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹 䠄6䠅つᶍ䛿ASRᑐ⟇ᚋ䚸䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䛻䛶⿵ᙉ䛾ຠᯝ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䛣 䛸䛿㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸ᡭἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿༑ศ䛺㓄៖䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䚹 20 එܖٻ5+2ǷȳȝǸǦȠ 9)Ტ#54ᢿ˟Უᄂᆮإԓ˟ ࠰உଐ ஜᜒƷႆᘙϋܾ ž҅ᨕ૾עƴƓƚǔ#54բ᫆ƷᚐൿǛႸਦƠƯſ 㝣ᆅ᪉ࡢ㐨㊰ᶫ5&ᗋ∧ࡢຎ⌧㇟ 1(;&2୰᪥ᮏ㝣⮬ື㌴㐨ࡢࣉࣞ࢟ࣕ ࢫࢺ3&ᗋ∧ࡼࡿつᶍ᭦᪂ᴗࡢ⤂ ᆅ᪉㐨㊰ᶫ࡛ࡢຎ5&ᗋ∧ᑐࡍࡿ⥔ᣢ ⟶⌮ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ ි ̲ᡯ ᢊែ4% ༿Ʒэ҄ ٳᚇ ᢊែ4%༿Ʒэ҄ ᢊែ 4%༿Ʒ ༿Ʒэ҄ ᑄᘺ༿ɥ᩿ ᶫ㠃ࡢ⯒≧ἣὀព㺃㺃㺃 4%༿ɦ᩿Ʒэ҄ཞඞăʒဍཞƻƼлǕᢂᩉჽ໋Ʒႆဃ ငעᲴӕ߷ငƷჿМƓǑƼჿ э҄Ჴ᫋ᓸƳ#54ࢍࡇ˯ɦƋǓ ငעᲴ࠽߷ငƷჿМƓǑƼჿ э҄Ჴ᫋ᓸƳ#54 ငעᲴʋ᪽ᇕငƷჿМƓǑƼჿ э҄Ჴ᫋ᓸƳ#54ࢍࡇ˯ɦƋǓ #54ƴǑǔ ʒဍཞƻƼлǕ ¾ ᶫ㠃⯒ࡢ࣏ࢵࢺ࣮࣍ࣝࡣ㺂ᗋ∧ࢥ ࣏ ࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࡀᦆയᅵ◁ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿೃ ¾ $65㺂ሷᐖ࡞ࡢᮦᩱຎࡸ⑂ປ࡞ ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ᑄᘺ༿ƻƼлǕƱ ᤧሂᏵƕӷɟዴɥ ᢂᩉჽ໋ƷௌЈ 4%༿ɥ᩿Ʒэ҄ཞඞăᑄᘺ᩿ƷƻƼлǕםჿ҄ɥ᩿ᤧሂƷᏵ ᑄᘺ᩿ƷƻƼлǕ ༿ɥ᩿Ʒםჿ҄ ɲƷᡫᘍួư ᤧሂᏵƕᡶᘍ ᤧሂᏵ ⯒ࡦࡧࢀࡸ⯒ෆࡢᾐ㏱Ỉຍ࠼࡚㺂㌴୧㏻⾜ࡼ ࡿ㍯Ⲵ㔜ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋస⏝࡛ࡢỈᅽస⏝࡛㐨㊰ᶫ5&ᗋ∧ࡢ ᅵ◁ࡸୖ㠃㕲➽⭉㣗ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 2000 ࢆ♧ࡍ᭤⥺ ᗋ-1 㢌❳A ᗋ-2 㢌❳A ᗋ-3 㢌❳A ᗋ-4 ᡭྲྀB ᗋ-5 ᡭྲྀB ᗋ-6 ᡭྲྀB 24N/mm2 1800 㟼ᙎᛶಀᩘE/ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘσ 㦵ᮦࡣ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ¾ 㦵ᮦ⮬యࡢࢀ ¾ 㦵ᮦ࿘ᅖࡢࢀ ᢊែ4%༿Ʒэ҄ ᚾ᬴ưƷͼӼ 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Y=0.26X2 -35X+1760 600 400 ࣱ̞᩺ૠƷᓸƠƍ˯ɦ 200 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘσ(N/mm2 ) 60.0 ᗋ∧ୖ㠃:ᡭྲྀA-1 ᗋ∧ୖ㠃:ᡭ ᗋ∧ୖ ୖ㠃 :ᡭ ᗋ∧ୖ㠃:ᡭྲྀA-2 ᗋ∧ୖ㠃 ᡭ ᗋ∧ୖ㠃:ᡭྲྀB-1 ᗋ∧ୖ㠃:ᡭྲྀB-2 ᆅそഃ㠃:ᡭྲྀB-1 ᆅそഃ㠃:ᡭྲྀB-2 ᗋ∧ୖ㠃:㢌❳ ୖ㒊ᕤࡪࡾ ⭉㣗Ⓨ⏕㝈⏺ 4.50 4.00 0 0.0 ༿ɥ᩿Ǎעᙴᢿư ҄طཋǤǪȳຜࡇƕ᭗ƍ 5.00 ሷ≀࢜ࣥ⃰ᗘ㸦/m3 㸧 ሷ≀ ᢊែ4%༿Ʒэ҄ ༿ૺ᩿ 70.0 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 ⭉ 㣗Ⓨ⏕ 㝈⏺ሷ ≀ ࢜ࣥ⃰ ᗘ 1.00 0.50 0.00 0 20 40 60 ⾲㠃ࡽࡢ῝ࡉ(mm) 80 100 ӕdzǢƷ ൦૾ӼƻƼлǕ ࣝ࢝ࣜ㦵ᮦᛂࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ¾ ᣊ᮰ࡢᑡ࡞࠸∧ཌ᪉ྥ⭾ᙇ ¾ ከᩘࡢỈᖹࡦࡧࢀࡢⓎ⏕ ႉᑥDzȫ ᢊែ4%༿Ʒэ҄ᙲ׆ 㝣ᆅ᪉࡛ࡣ㺂ḟࡢ」ᩘࡢຎせᅉࡀస⏝ࡋ࡚ຎࡀಁ㐍 ࡉࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᕤࡢࣈ࣮ࣜࢪࣥࢢ㺂㦵ᮦࡢ⇱⦰ ⤖㜵Ṇࢆྵࡴ㊰㠃Ỉࡼࡿ㺂ᗋ∧ࡢỈᾐ㏱ ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦࡼࡿ$65ࡢ㐍ᒎỈᖹࡦࡧࢀࡢⓎ⏕ ⤖㜵Ṇࡼࡿᗋ∧ୖ㠃㕲➽ࡢ⭉㣗 ᶆ㧗ࡢ㧗࠸㊰⥺࡛ࡣᐖຎࡶⓎ⏕ ౪⏝ᚋࡢᗋ∧ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࡢ⇱⦰ࡦࡧࢀ ㍯Ⲵ㔜ࡼࡿỈᅽస⏝࡛ࡢᅵ◁㕲➽⭉㣗 ୰ᛶࡢ㐍ᒎࡼࡿሷศᅛᐃ Ƃؾƃ Ƃ૰ƃ ӒࣱࣖᭌƴǑǔ#54 ϵኽ᧸ഥдƴǑǔܹط ϵܹܹطƴǑǔэ҄ Ƃƃ ƃ ȖȪȸǸȳǰ ᤧሂɦƷᆰƛƖ ᭌƷʑ༞ӓ ᭌမ᩿ ༿ǁƷ൦ේᡢ ᒵƷ൦˺ןဇ Ƃэ҄ྵᝋƃ ᑄᘺƻƼлǕ םჿ҄ŴᤧሂᏵ ༿Ʒ൦ƻƼлǕ ༿ɦ᩿ƷƻƼлǕ ᢂᩉჽ໋ ƳƲ ҅ᨕᐯѣ ҅ᨕᐯѣᢊ 0':%1ɶଐஜƷӕǓኵLj ᨕᐯ ᢊ 0':%1ƷӕǓኵLjă࠰ࡇǑǓᙹٻૼᙹٻ̲ጣʙಅǛஜ҄ Ƃɶଐஜ᭗ᡮᢊែƃ ᖺᗘィ⏬ࡸタィࢆᐇ ᖺᗘ㝣⮬ື㌴㐨ࡢ᪩᭶ᕝᶫᱱࡸ ᪥㔝ᕝᶫᱱ㺂ᮾྡ㐨ࡢ⏝᐀㧗ᯫᶫࡸ୰ ኸ㐨ࡢἑᗏᕝᶫ࡞ᶫ࡛ᗋ∧ྲྀ᭰ࢆ ணᐃࠋ Ƃᙱଐஜ᭗ᡮᢊែƃ ᖺᗘᗋ∧ྲྀ᭰ᶫ ᖺᗘᗋ∧ྲྀ᭰⣙ᶫࢆணᐃ ලయⓗࡣ㺂୰ᅜ㐨ࡢ㐨㇂➨ᶫ࡞ ᶫ࡛ᑐ㠃㏻⾜つไࡼࡿᗋ∧ࡢྲྀ᭰ ╔ᡭ Ƃிଐஜ᭗ᡮᢊែƃ ᖺᗘᗋ∧ྲྀ᭰ᕤᶫ㺂㧗ᛶ⬟ᗋ∧ 㜵Ỉᕤᶫ ᖺᗘᗋ∧ྲྀ᭰ᕤ⣙ᶫ㺂㧗ᛶ⬟ᗋ ∧㜵Ỉᕤ⣙ᶫᮾ㐨ࡢ୰ᒣᶫ㺂㛗 㔝㐨ࡢᑠோ⇃ᶫ㺂ᮐᶡ㐨ࡢ㔝ᶫ㺂ᮾ 㐨ࡢᗈ℩ᕝᶫ࡞ ͤࠕᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥ᐃぢ㈨ᩱࠕつᶍ᭦᪂㺃ಟ⧋ᴗࡢ㐍ᤖ≧ἣᚋࡢィ⏬ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࡼࡾᘬ⏝ ҅ᨕᐯѣᢊ 0':%1ɶଐஜƷӕǓኵLj ҅ᨕᐯѣᢊ 0':%1ɶଐஜƷӕǓኵLj ࠙᪥㔝ᕝᶫࡢᕤᴫせࠚ ࠙᪩᭶ᕝᶫࡢᕤᴫせࠚ ᶫᱱྡ ᪥㔝ᕝᶫୗࡾ⥺ ᶫᱱྡ ᪩᭶ᕝᶫୗࡾ⥺ 㛤㏻᪥ ᖺᖺ᭶᪥ࠉ㛤㏻ࡽᖺ⤒㐣 㛤㏻᪥ ᖺᖺ᭶᪥ࠉ㛤㏻ࡽᖺ⤒㐣 㐨㊰ྡ㺃༊㛫 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨ࠉᗉ,&㹼Ṋ⏕,&㛫 㐨㊰ྡ㺃༊㛫 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨ࠉᕝ,&㹼㨶ὠ,&㛫 ᡤᅾᆅ ⚟┴༡᮲㒆༡㉺๓⏫ ᡤᅾᆅ ᐩᒣ┴ᕝᕷᰩᒣ ᶫ㛗 P ᶫ㛗 P 㗰ᚄ㛫㐃⥆㕏᱆$ᶫྎ㹼3ᶫ⬮㗰ᚄ㛫㐃⥆㕏᱆3 ᶫᱱୖ㒊ᕤᙧᘧ 㹼3ᶫ⬮㗰ᚄ㛫㐃⥆㕏᱆ᶫ3ᶫ⬮㹼$ᶫྎ 5&ᚄ㛫㐃⥆୰✵ᗋ∧$ᶫྎ㹼3ᶫ⬮㗰༢⣧㕏᱆3 ᶫᱱୖ㒊ᕤᙧᘧ 㹼3ᶫ⬮㗰ᚄ㛫㐃⥆㕏᱆3㹼3ᶫ⬮ ᗋ∧ྲྀ᭰ᘏ㛗 ᗋ∧ྲྀ᭰ᘏ㛗 Pᶫ㛗Pࡢ࠺ࡕ3㹼3ᶫ⬮ࡢ㛫Pࢆᕤ ଷٸᡲዓዴᙹС ଷٸᡲዓݣ᩿ʩᡫ ʒဍཞƷƻƼлǕᢂ ᩉჽ໋ƷௌЈ #54 Pᶫ㛗Pࡢ࠺ࡕ3㹼3ᶫ⬮ࡢ㛫Pࢆᕤ ᶫᱱୖ㒊ᕤᙧᘧ 㗰ᚄ㛫㐃⥆㕏᱆3㹼3ᶫ⬮ ᶫᱱୖ㒊ᕤᙧᘧ 㗰ᚄ㛫㐃⥆∧᱆ᶫ3㹼3ᶫ⬮ ଷٸᡲዓዴᙹС ଷٸᡲዓݣ᩿ʩᡫ ငעᲴଐ߷ငƷჿМ э҄ᲴƝƘ᠉ࣇƳ#54ƓǑƼࢍࡇ˯ɦƳƠ ʒဍཞƷƻƼлǕᢂ ᩉჽ໋ƷௌЈ #54 ငעᲴଔஉ߷ငƷჿМƓǑƼჿ э҄ᲴƝƘ᠉ࣇƳ#54ƓǑƼࢍࡇ˯ɦƳƠ еᓳ᧸ഥݣሊࢸ Ʒэ҄ᡶ ޒ#54 ʒဍཞƷƻƼлǕᢂ ᩉჽ໋ƷௌЈ #54 ༿ࢌЈᢿƷ ᤧሂᩧЈ ܹط ҅ᨕᐯѣᢊ 0':%1ɶଐஜƷӕǓኵLj ㏻⾜Ṇࡵࢆ⾜ࢃࡎ୧᪉ྥࡢ㏻⾜ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿᑐ㠃㏻⾜つไ࡞ྍ⬟࡞㝈 ࡾ㏻ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕤ᪉ἲ࡛ᑐ⟇ࢆᐇࠋ 㺪㺽㺸㺕㺊㺛㺢3&ᗋᯈྲྀ᭰㺐㺰㺎㺚㺼 ㏻⾜つไ࣓࣮ࢪᅗᖹ㠃 ૾עᢊែưƷэ҄4%༿ƴݣƢǔዜਤሥྸƷƋǓ૾ ຎᶫᱱࡀᩘከࡃ㺂ᑐ⟇ண⟬ࡢ☜ಖࡀࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸ࡓࡵ㺂ຎ≧ែࡸ㊰⥺ࡢ ㏻㔞࡞ࡢ⏝⎔ቃࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡀࡽ㺂ᡓ␎ⓗ㈼ࡃ㛗ࡃ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ Ƃ˜ă൦ЎطЎƷ̓ዅǛᢚૺ᧸൦ޖƷᚨፗ ൦ ޖᚨፗ ፗƃ ƃ ຎ5&ᗋ∧ࡢຎࡣ㺂Ỉศ㍯Ⲵ 㔜ࡼࡿỈᅽస⏝࡛ຍ㏿ᗘⓗ 㐍ᒎࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㺂ຎせᅉࡢ ሷศࡸỈศࡢ౪⤥ࢆ᩿ࡘࡇ࡛ ⪏ஂᛶࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࠋ ͤࠕᮾࢽࢳࣞ࢟ᰴᘧ♫࣮࣒࣮ࠖ࣍࣌ࢪࡼࡾᢤ⢋ Ƃьᡮэ҄ăଔƷ৷ஜႎƳ༿ӕஆȕȩǤǢȃǷȥ༿ƳƲƃ ᪤タᗋ∧ࡢ᧔ཤ㺐㺰㺎㺚㺼 ¾ $65ࡼࡿຎࡀ㢧ⴭ Ѝຎᮇ┦ᙜ㐍⾜ ¾ ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࡢ⬤ᙅ࡛ࡦ ࡧࢀࡣ㈏㏻ Ѝ⯒ࡢỈศࡀᗋ∧ୗ㠃ࡲ࡛ ᾐ㏱ ㏻⾜つไ࣓࣮ࢪᅗ᩿㠃 )$ࣉࣞ࢟ࣕࢫࢺᗋ∧㍕Ⲵヨ㦂 ᭀ㟢ヨ㦂⏝ࡢࣉࣞ࢟ࣕࢫࢺᗋ∧ ༿Ʒ੭Ƒƕ࣏ᙲ ȕȩǤǢȃǷȥdzȳǯȪȸȈƳƲǛဇƠƨٶ᧸ᜱǁƷӕኵLj ྵئƪdzȳǯȪȸȈƴǑǔ༿ஆƑƷܱ =ࢼஹ? =ٶ᧸ᜱƷ̊? ᆰൢƷᄩ̬ ϵųܹ җЎƳǨȳȈȬȳȉǨǢƷᄩ̬ ᆰൢ ᧸ᥢᥟƷ̅ဇ طųܹ ᧸ᥢᥟƷ̅ဇ ӒࣱࣖᭌƷɧ̅ဇ ༿ҽƷفь ǢȫǫȪǷȪǫӒࣖ #54 ၅ųі ᐔࢌƷ̅ဇ ȕȩǤǢȃǷȥƷ̅ဇᧈƷݥƔǜဃ ൦ኽӳൔƷ˯ถ ᡄׅែˎᚨፗ ༿ગӊཞඞ ܦʕ ગӊ༿dzȳǯȪȸȈ 㔠ἑᏛ㻿㻵㻼䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮㻌 㼃㻳㻞䠄㻭㻿㻾㒊䠅◊✲ሗ࿌㻌 䛂㝣ᆅ᪉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻭㻿㻾ၥ㢟䛾ゎỴ䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛶䛃㻌㻌 䠍䠊ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾⏝䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄䝥䝺䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㻼㻯᱆䠅㻌 㻠㻢ᖺ䠄㻝㻥㻣㻝ᖺ䠅ᡂ㻌 䝥䝺䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ䝇䝷䝤᱆㻌 䝥䝺䝇䝖䝺䝇䝖䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛾㻌 㻭㻿㻾䛾≉ᚩ䛸ᑐ⟇㻌 ASR ࢤࣝ ὶ⣠ᒾ⁐⤖จ⅊ᒾ ࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ࣮࣌ࢫࢺ ༢ࢽࢥࣝ 㻞㻜㻝㻢ᖺ㻥᭶㻟㻜᪥㻌 䠄ᰴ䠅䝢䞊䜶䝇୕⳻㻌 㟷ᒣ㻌 ᩄᖾ㻌 㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜Ⓨ⏕≧ἣ㻌 0.5mm ೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾䛻䜘䜛ほᐹ⤖ᯝ㻌 䠄༢䝙䝁䝹䠅㻌 㦵ᮦ䛾✀㢮䠖Ᏻᒣᒾ䚸ὶ⣠ᒾ䠄ᗉᕝỈ⣔䠅㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛᖺḟㄽᩥ㞟䠖㼂㼛㼘㻚㻟㻟㻌 㝣ᆅ᪉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㻼㻯ᶫ䛾ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ䠖‖ಇᙪ䚸㫽ᒃஅ㻌 䠍䠊ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾⏝䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄䝥䝺䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㻼㻯᱆䠅㻌 䠄㻿㻠㻤䠅༢⣧䝩䝻䞊᱆㻌 䠍䠊ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾⏝䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄䝥䝺䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㻼㻯᱆䠅㻌 䠄㻿㻡㻝䠅༢⣧䝩䝻䞊᱆㻌 㛫ワ䜑䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛾㻭㻿㻾Ⓨ⏕㻌 䛻䜘䜚⯒㠃䛻䝸䝣䝺䜽䝅䝵䞁㻌 䜽䝷䝑䜽䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㻌 䠄㻿㻡㻜䠅䝥䝺䝔䞁䠰᱆㻌 ┿ᥦ౪䠖௦ṊᚿẶ 㻞㻌 㻭㻿㻾⭾ᙇຊ䠇⭉㣗㻼㻯㗰Წ䛻䜘䜚㻌 ᶓ⥾䜑㻼㻯㗰Წ䛜◚᩿䛧䛯㻌 䠄㻿㻡㻞䠅䝥䝺䝔䞁䠰᱆㻌 㻟㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛᖺḟㄽᩥ㞟䠖㼂㼛㼘㻚㻟㻟㻌 㝣ᆅ᪉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㻼㻯ᶫ䛾ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ䠖‖ಇᙪ䚸㫽ᒃஅ㻌 㻠㻌 䠎䠊ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾⏝䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㻼㻯᱆䠅㻌 䠎䠊ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾⏝䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㻼㻯᱆䠅㻌 䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㻼㻯᱆㻌 㻌 䊻ሙᡤᡴ䛱䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛻䜘䜛〇స䛜䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸㻼㻯ᶫ䛾ᯫᶫᆅᇦ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌䛻㏆䛔⏕䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤሙ䛛䜙ฟⲴ䛥䜜䜛䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䜢⏝㻌 ࠙ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦࠚ 䞉እ᱆䛻᭱䜒㢧ⴭ䛺䜂䜃䜜䛜㻌 㻌 Ⓨ⏕㻌 㻌 䞉᱆➃ᐃ╔㒊䛻䛛䛡䛶᭤䛢ୖ䛢㻌 㻌 䛯㻼㻯㗰⥺䛻ἢ䛳䛯䜂䜃䜜㻌 ዟ⬟Ⓩ ㍯ᓥᕷ㛛๓ Ᏻᒣᒾ㢮 ὶ⣠ᒾ㢮 ᐩᒣ┴ ᖖ ⚄㢪 ᗉ ㏻ ᑎ ᕝ ᕝ ᕝ ୰⬟Ⓩ ᑿᕷ ▼ᕝ┴ ᪂₲┴ ᐩᒣᕷ ᓅ ᡭྲྀᕝ 㔠ἑᕷ ❧ᒣ ⸆ᖌᓅ ᵕࣨᓅ ✑㧗ᓅ 㢌❳ᕝ ↝ᓅ ⓑᒣ 㛗㔝┴ 䊻㻌䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾㻌 㻌 㻌 䛾ຎ䛿䚸㝣ᆅ᪉䛾ᛂᛶ㦵㻌 㻌 㻌 ᮦ䛾ศᕸ≧ἣ䛸୍⮴㻌 㻌 ▼ᕝ┴䛾ዟ⬟Ⓩ䛻䛚䛡䜛୰✵ᗋ∧ᶫ㻌 㠡ᓅ ⚟ᕷ ⚟┴ ᚚᕌᒣ ᩔ㈡ᕷ ᒱ㜧┴ ㈡┴ 㝣ᆅ᪉䛾せἙᕝ䛸㻌 ᒾయศᕸ㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛᖺḟㄽᩥ㞟䠖㼂㼛㼘㻚㻟㻟㻌 㝣ᆅ᪉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㻼㻯ᶫ䛾ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ䠖‖ಇᙪ䚸㫽ᒃஅ㻌 㦵ᮦ䛾✀㢮䠖㍯ᓥᕷ㛛๓⏘䛾ᛂᛶ䛾㧗䛔Ᏻᒣᒾ○▼㻌 㻡㻌 䠎䠊ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾⏝䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㻼㻯᱆䠅㻌 㻢㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛᖺḟㄽᩥ㞟䠖㼂㼛㼘㻚㻟㻟㻌 㝣ᆅ᪉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㻼㻯ᶫ䛾ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ䠖‖ಇᙪ䚸㫽ᒃஅ㻌 䠏䠊ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾⏝䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄㻼㻯ᶫᱱ䛛䜙᥇ྲྀ䛧䛯䝁䜰䛻䜘䜛ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ䠅㻌 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᶫᱱ㻌 ᶫᱱྡ㻌 㻿㻠㻞䠄㻝㻥㻢㻣䠅䢊䢛䡹䡿䢙䠰᱆㻌 㻿㻠㻠䠄㻝㻥㻢㻥䠅䢊䢛䡹䡿䢙㼀᱆㻌 ᡂᖺ㻌 ᙧᘧ㻌 㻭ᶫ㻌 㻿㻡㻡㻔㻝㻥㻤㻜㻕ᖺ㻌 䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㼀᱆㻌 㻮ᶫ㻌 㻿㻡㻣㻔㻝㻥㻤㻞㻕ᖺ㻌 䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㼀᱆㻌 䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ⟽᱆㻌 ⏝䞉⎔ቃ㻌 ᮲௳㻌 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䞉㻌 ᖹ㔝㒊䈜㻌 ┴㐨䞉ᾏୖ㒊䈜䈜㻌 㻯ᶫ㻌 㻿㻠㻢㻔㻝㻥㻣㻝㻕ᖺ㻌 䝥䝺䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ䝇䝷䝤᱆㻌 ᕷ㐨䞉ᖹ㔝㒊䈜㻌 㻰ᶫ㻌 㻿㻡㻜㻔㻝㻥㻣㻡㻕ᖺ㻌 䝥䝺䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㼀᱆㻌 ᕷ㐨䞉ᖹ㔝㒊䈜㻌 㻱ᶫ㻌 㻿㻠㻤㻔㻝㻥㻣㻟㻕ᖺ㻌 䝫䝇䝖䝔䞁䝅䝵䞁᪉ᘧ㻌 ୰✵ᗋ∧㻌 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨䛾㊬ 㐨ᶫ䞉ᾏᓊ㒊䈜㻌 ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾✀㢮㻌 䠄ἙᕝỈ⣔䠅㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ䠈ὶ⣠ᒾ㻌 䠄ᖖ㢪ᑎᕝỈ⣔䠅㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ䠈ὶ⣠ᒾ㻌 䠄ᗉᕝỈ⣔䠅㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ䠈ὶ⣠ᒾ㻌 䠄ᗉᕝỈ⣔䠅㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ䠈ὶ⣠ᒾ㻌 䠄ᗉᕝỈ⣔䠅㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ䠈ὶ⣠ᒾ㻌 䠄㢌❳ᕝỈ⣔䠅㻌 䈜䠖⤖㜵Ṇ䛾ᙳ㡪䛒䜚䠈䈜䈜䠖⤖㜵Ṇ䛚䜘䜃ᾏ䛛䜙㣕᮶ሷศ䛾ᙳ㡪䛒䜚㻌 㻿㻡㻡䠄㻝㻥㻤㻜䠅䢊䢛䡹䡿䢙㼀᱆㻌 ┿ᥦ౪䠖௦ṊᚿẶ 㻿㻠㻡䠄㻝㻥㻣㻜䠅䢊䢛䡹䡿䢙㼀᱆㻌 㻣㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛᖺḟㄽᩥ㞟䠖㼂㼛㼘㻚㻟㻟㻌 㝣ᆅ᪉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㻼㻯ᶫ䛾ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ䠖‖ಇᙪ䚸㫽ᒃஅ㻌 㻤㻌 䠏䠊ᛂᛶ㦵ᮦ䛾⏝䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄㻼㻯ᶫᱱ䛛䜙᥇ྲྀ䛧䛯䝁䜰䛻䜘䜛ㄪᰝ䠄⭾ᙇ⋡䠅䠅㻌 䠝ᶫ䞉䝫䝇䝔䞁䠰᱆ 䠟ᶫ䞉䝥䝺䝔䞁䝇䝷䝤᱆ 䠠ᶫ䞉䝥䝺䝔䞁䠰᱆ 䠡ᶫ䞉䝫䝇䝔䞁୰✵ᗋ∧ ⭾ᙇᛶ࠶ࡾ ⭾ᙇ⋡㸦㸣㸧 ⭾ᙇ⋡㸦㸣㸧 ᫂☜ ᡂᖺ㻌 䠝ᶫ䞉䝫䝇䝔䞁䠰᱆ 䠟ᶫ䞉䝥䝺䝔䞁䝇䝷䝤᱆ 䠠ᶫ䞉䝥䝺䝔䞁䠰᱆ 䠡ᶫ䞉䝫䝇䝔䞁୰✵ᗋ∧ 㻼㻯ᗋ∧㻌 㻾㻯ᗋ∧㻌 ᒣ㛫㒊㻌 㻴㻼㻯㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛾✀㢮㻌 㦵ᮦ䛾✀㢮㻌 ⣽㦵ᮦ㻌 ⢒㦵ᮦ㻌 ▼⅊▼㻌 㝣◁㻌 ○▼㻌 ヨ㦂ᮇ㛫㸦㐌㸧 ࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ࣮࣌ࢫࢺ ↓ᐖ ࢹࢧࢺ 䠄䝕䞁䝬䞊䜽ἲ䠅 ヨ㦂ᮇ㛫㸦㐌㸧 䠄䜹䝘䝎ἲ䠅 㣬㻺㼍㻯㼘⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ㻌 㻺㼍㻻㻴㻯㼘⁐ᾮᾐₕἲ㻌 䊻㻌㻼㻯ᶫᱱ䛾ሙྜ䚸Ỉ䝉䝯䞁䝖ẚ䛜ᑠ䛥䛟䚸䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ෆ㒊䛜⇱≧ែ㻌 㻌 㻌 䛻䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸Ỉ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛺䛔ሙྜ䛿ᛂᛶ䛾㦵ᮦ䛜ᮍᛂ䛸㻌 㻌 㻌 䛧䛶ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䛜䛒䜛䚹㻌 㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛᖺḟㄽᩥ㞟䠖㼂㼛㼘㻚㻟㻟㻌 㝣ᆅ᪉䛻䛚䛡䜛㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯㻼㻯ᶫ䛾ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ䠖‖ಇᙪ䚸㫽ᒃஅ㻌 䊻▼⅊▼○▼䛸ⅆᒣᒾᛶ䛾㝣◁䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛾⤌ᡂ䝨䝅䝬䝮䛻䜘䜛㻌 㻌 㻌㻭㻿㻾ຎ䛾㻌 㻥㻌 䠐䠊⤌ᡂ䝨䝅䝬䝮⌧㇟䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄㻼㻯⯒䛾ຎ䠅㻌 ᵓ㐀≀㻌 㻌 ✀㢮㻌 㻼㻯㻌 ᙧᘧ㻌 ⯒㻌 ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࡢ✀㢮 タ⨨㻌 㻌 㻌 㦵ᮦ䛾✀㢮㻌 ሙᡤ㻌 䝉䝯䞁䝖䛾㻌 ✀㢮㻌 ⣽㦵ᮦ㻌 ⢒㦵ᮦ㻌 ἢᓊ㒊㻌 タィ㻌 ᇶ‽㻌 ᙉᗘ㻌 䠄㻺㻛㼙㼙㻞䠅㻌 㻟㻡㻌 㻞㻠㻌 ᫂☜ 㻴㻝㻜ᖺ㻌 㻔㻝㻥㻥㻤㻕㻌 㻼㻯㻌 ᙧᘧ㻌 タ⨨㻌 㻌 㻌 ሙᡤ㻌 䝉䝯䞁䝖䛾㻌 ✀㢮㻌 ᡂᖺ㻌 ᵓ㐀≀㻌 㻌 ✀㢮㻌 㻿㻢㻝ᖺ㻌 㻔㻝㻥㻤㻢㻕㻌 ᭷ᐖ ⭾ᙇᛶ࡞ࡋ 䠐䠊⤌ᡂ䝨䝅䝬䝮⌧㇟䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛ຎ㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄㻼㻯ᶫᱱ䛸㻼㻯ᗋ∧䛾ຎ䠅㻌 㻴㻼㻯㻌 ᒣ◁䛸㻌 㝣◁㻌 ▼⅊▼㻌 ○▼㻌 㻝㻜㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛᖺḟㄽᩥ㞟䠖㼂㼛㼘㻚㻟㻤㻌 ⣽䞉⢒㦵ᮦ䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛾䝨䝅䝬䝮⌧㇟䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾ຎ䛾᳨ド䠖⳥ᆅᘯ⣖䚸ᒣᡞ༤䚸ᗈ㔝┿୍䚸㫽ᒃஅ㻌 䠑䠊㔠ἑᏛ㻿㻵㻼䠄㼃㻳㻞䠅ᐇ㻌㻭㻿㻾ᭀ㟢᱆㻌 タィ ᇶ‽ ᙉᗘ㻌 䠄㻺㻛㼙㼙㻞䠅㻌 㻠㻜㻌 ༢㔞䠄㼗㼓㻛㼙㻟䠅 㻺㼛㻚 ࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ࣮࣌ࢫࢺ Cement paste ὶ⣠ᒾ㉁จ⅊ᒾ Tuff 㓄ྜྡ 㼃㻛㻮 䠄㻑䠅 䝇䝷䞁䝥 䠄㼏㼙䠅 ✵Ẽ㔞 䠄㻑䠅 㼟㻛㼍 䠄㻑䠅 㻮 㼃 㻯 㻲㻭 㻿 㻳 㻺㼍㻯㼘 㻝㻤㻚㻤㻣 㻝 㻴㻙㻭㻿㻾㻝㻜 㻟㻤㻚㻣 㻝㻞㼼㻞㻚㻡 㻠㻚㻡㼼㻝㻚㻡 㻠㻢㻚㻟 㻝㻡㻜 㻟㻤㻤 䠉 㻤㻞㻞 㻥㻡㻡 㻞 㻴㻙㻭㻿㻾㻝㻟 㻟㻤㻚㻣 㻝㻞㼼㻞㻚㻡 㻠㻚㻡㼼㻝㻚㻡 㻠㻢㻚㻟 㻝㻡㻜 㻟㻤㻤 䠉 㻤㻞㻞 㻥㻡㻡 㻞㻡㻚㻠㻤 㻟 㻲㻭㻙㻭㻿㻾㻝㻟 㻟㻠㻚㻤 㻝㻤㼼㻞㻚㻡 㻠㻚㻡㼼㻝㻚㻡 㻠㻠㻚㻢 㻝㻡㻜 㻟㻢㻢 㻢㻡 㻣㻣㻜 㻥㻡㻡 㻞㻡㻚㻠㻤 ᖹᡂ㻞㻣ᖺ㻠᭶䛛䜙㻌 㔠ἑᏛゅ㛫䜻䝱䞁䝟䝇䛻䛶ᭀ㟢㛤ጞ㻌 1mm 䊻ᛂᛶ㖔≀䠄䜸䝟䞊䝹䠅䜢ྵ᭷䛩䜛⁐⤖จ⅊⢏Ꮚ䛛䜙⭾ᙇ䜂䜃䜜㻌 㻌 㻌䛜㐍ᒎ䛧䛯㻭㻿㻾䛾ຎ㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖ᕤᏛᖺḟㄽᩥ㞟䠖㼂㼛㼘㻚㻟㻤㻌 ⣽䞉⢒㦵ᮦ䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛾䝨䝅䝬䝮⌧㇟䛻䜘䜛㻭㻿㻾ຎ䛾᳨ド䠖⳥ᆅᘯ⣖䚸ᒣᡞ༤䚸ᗈ㔝┿୍䚸㫽ᒃஅ㻌 㻝㻝㻌 㻝㻞㻌 䠑䠊㔠ἑᏛ㻿㻵㻼䠄㼃㻳㻞䠅ᐇ㻌㻭㻿㻾ᭀ㟢᱆㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄䜂䜃䜜Ⓨ⏕≧ἣ䠅㻌 䠑䠊㔠ἑᏛ㻿㻵㻼䠄㼃㻳㻞䠅ᐇ㻌㻭㻿㻾ᭀ㟢᱆㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄⭾ᙇ⋡䛾 ᐃ⤖ᯝ䠅㻌 㻜㻚㻢 㻺㼛㻚㻝 㻜㻚㻢 ୖ㠃㻌㍈┤ゅ᪉ྥ ୖ㠃㻌㍈᪉ྥ 㻜㻚㻡 㻺㼛㻚㻞 㻜㻚㻡 㻺㼛㻚㻝 㻜㻚㻠 㻺㼛㻚㻟 㻜㻚㻠 ⭾ᙇ⋡䠄㻑䠅 ⭾ᙇ⋡䠄㻑䠅 㻺㼛㻚㻞 㻺㼛㻚㻟 㻜㻚㻟 㻜㻚㻞 㻜㻚㻝 㻜㻚㻟 㻜㻚㻞 㻜㻚㻝 㻜㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻝 㻙㻜㻚㻝 㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 ᭀ㟢ᮇ㛫䠄᪥䠅 㻡㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜 ᭀ㟢ᮇ㛫䠄᪥䠅 㻡㻜㻜 㻢㻜㻜 ᱆ୖ㠃䛾㍈┤ゅ᪉ྥ䛾⭾ᙇ⋡䛜㐍⾜㻌 㻲㻭᱆㻔㻺㼛㻚㻟㻕䛿䚸㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛⭾ᙇ䜢ᢚไ㻌 㻺㼛㻚㻞㻌 㻺㼛㻚㻝㻌 㻺㼛㻚㻟㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻢㻚㻥㻚㻝㻜ᙳ㻌 㻝㻟㻌 䠒䠊㻭㻿㻾ຎ䛜⏕䛨䛯㻼㻯ᶫᱱ䛾⥔ᣢ⟶⌮㻌 㻌 㻌 䞉Ỉศ䛾౪⤥䛾㐽᩿㻌 㻌 㻌 䝇䝷䝤᱆䛾ሙྜ䚸୰✵㒊䛻⁀䜎䛳䛯Ỉ䛻䜘䜚㻭㻿㻾䛜Ⓨ⏕䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 ᱆ୗ㠃䛛䜙Ỉ䜢ᢤ䛟䚸ᶫ㠃㜵Ỉᒙ➼䛻䜘䜚Ỉ䛾ᾐ㏱䜢㜵䛠䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䚹㻌 㻌 䞉㻭㻿㻾䛸ሷᐖ䛾」ྜຎᵓ㐀≀㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌㻭㻿㻾䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜䛾㐍⾜䜢㜵䛠䛣䛸䜘䜚䜒䚸ሷᐖ䛻䜘䜛㗰ᮦ⭉㣗䜢㻌 㻌 㻌 Ṇ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛾᪉䛜䚸ᵓ㐀≀䛾㛗ᑑ䛸䛧䛶䛿㔜せ䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 ሷᐖᑐ⟇䊻㟁Ẽ㜵㣗ᕤἲ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄㟁Ẽ㜵㣗䛜㻭㻿㻾䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䜢ᐇᵓ㐀≀䛻䛶䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾୰䠅㻌 㻌 䞉᪂タᵓ㐀≀㻌 㻌 㻌 ⤌ᡂ䝨䝅䝬䝮䜢䜒䛴ᕝ◁䜔㝣◁䛾㻭㻿㻾ᢚไᑐ⟇䛸䛧䛶䚸䝣䝷䜲䜰䝑䝅䝳㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌䛾✚ᴟⓗ䛺⏝䚹㻌 㻌 㻝㻡㻌 㻝㻠㻌 মभઍ সপ৾6,3३থএ४क़ :*ق$65ভكଢ଼ਾઔভ ଡ଼ॺথॿঝभ$65भਏ ٕ ਨ ಮ ্ प उ ऐ ॊ $6 5 ਖ भ ੰ ৠ ॑ ৯ ख थ ٕ $65༄৲धৌੁभহ ଡ଼ॺথॿঝभ$65भ્ඉधৌੁ ଵ৶भୖ قٔସઑীك ফা ॔ঝ५॥থ१ঝॱথॶઙૄভ ๊ ি ਫ ൞ 㻝㻌 ਨಮ্भଡ଼ॺথॿঝངੵउेलቼभ$65༄৲ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشभ$65༄৲ 2 ଡ଼ॺথॿঝभ$65पेॊ༄৲भੳ ଡ଼ ॺ থ ॿ ঝ ଵ ৶ ༮ ك ق ম ଡ଼ ੈ ভ ଡ଼ ॺ থ ॿ ঝ ଵ ৶ ༮ ك ਁ ق ম ଡ଼ ੈ ভ ਛফা ਛফা ଡ଼ଡୗदਹ৷भ୍प૮൙॥থॡজॺشऋ ઞॎोॊभमॺথॿঝभངੵ॥থॡজॺشटऐء ቼभ$65༄৲ z ॺথॿঝངੵदमऒोऽदभधऒ ौ॔ঝढ़জ౫ખૢपेॊ૾হ मऩः؛ 3 z ॔ঝढ़জ౫ખૢपेॊ૾भଢ଼ृৌੁ मಥपँॊ؛ z ഝமାಉदངੵડ॑ഡ൷घॊधખૢ ॑യਤघॊउजोऋँॊ؛ z ቼृቼઠહभངੵदႀ৲घॊৃ়ऋ ः؛ 4 ଡ଼ॺথॿঝभ૾भયী ଡ଼ॺথॿঝभ৻ऩ૾قਗৡपेॊك z ૾યী z ਗৡऋਉपेॊुभ ॺথॿঝभ૾मگणपયীखथॉඞढथःॊ؛ DᎼਙಓಓ๋ಓ EᎼਙಓಓ๋ಓ Fा๗ઉಓ ⋇ਗ ৡ ⋈౫ସ༄৲ق౫મ༄৲ك Gा๗ઉಓ ⋉ Hုಓએॡজشউ Iघसॉ ᪥ᮏ㐨㊰༠䛂㐨㊰䝖䞁䝛䝹⥔ᣢ⟶⌮౽ぴ䛃ᖹᡂ䠎䠓ᖺ䠒᭶ 5 ଡ଼ॺথॿঝभ৻ऩ૾ق౫મ༄৲ك z ౫મ༄৲ऋਉपेॊुभ ⋇ਂૠಋऩऱलસो ⋇ ਂૠಋऩ लસो ਂ ो ؞७ওথॺभ౮ଞᅼೠ ๋؞૩॔ঝढ़জ౫ખૢ ⋊૯্भऱलસो ؞ᄩઽೠആ২ૢৡ ᅵᮌᏛ䛂ᒣᓅ䝖䞁䝛䝹そᕤ䛾⌧≧䛸ᑐ⟇䛃ᖹᡂ㻝㻠ᖺ㻥᭶㻌 6 ଡ଼ॺথॿঝभ૾યীभસ় z ਛҩফઉლবॺথॿঝभਡਫ਼ટ ⋈্૾भऱलસो ⋈ ্૾ ্૾ ؞রਙ৲पेॊள൙ྂ୫ ⋉্भऱलસो ؞ఋऱलસो ਗৡपेॊ૾धऔोॊुभमॺথॿঝ दँॉ৸৬भൠधऩः؛ ⋋ी্भऱलસो ؞॥شঝॻ४ঙॖথॺ ᪥ᮏ㐨㊰༠䛂㐨㊰䝖䞁䝛䝹⥔ᣢ⟶⌮౽ぴ䛃ᖹᡂ䠎䠓ᖺ䠒᭶ ᅵᮌᏛ䛂ᒣᓅ䝖䞁䝛䝹そᕤ䛾⌧≧䛸ᑐ⟇䛃ᖹᡂ㻝㻠ᖺ㻥᭶㻌 7 8 ॺ থ ॿ ঝ ང ੵ ॥ থ ॡ জ ॺ شप $6 5 ऋ েघ ॊ ੯ ౫મ؞ଦ়੯ ଡୗपउऐॊ$65पेॊกधऱलસो • ખૢਙ౫قك • • ॔ঝढ़জ • ॥থॡজॺشએपৄैोॊએऱलસोमभก୩ୠभଳऱलસोऋ खथदऌञुभदमऩः؛ એऱलસोमએपశกಽऋਛऔोਬૢৡपेॊुभदँॊ؛ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشभ॔ঝढ़জ ॺথॿঝངੵ॥থॡজॺش એऱलસो قೋଳऱलસोك ؟ڸNJP¼ NJP ٛNJP॔قঝढ़জૠك ॥থॡজॺشએ থ శกಽ ਬ୩ୠ • ౫૾১ • ആ২ق৲ك • ༃൶੯ • ෳऊॉ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشभ૾ ਗਞആभ৲ٜॺথॿঝਞആभ৲ ก୩ୠ ଳऱलસो ૮൙॥থॡজॺشद॔ܒ૾ॳشಓೠৡ એऱलસोقೋଳऱलસोكधଳऱलસोभঢ়બ॑ંघெૄ એऱल એऱल ऱलસो ल ो 9 ངੵ॥থॡজॺشभۇۈڶपेॊऱलસोभহ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشभਗ௴ ॺথॿঝभঽே௯ܒᄩ૾ଙ • ဒ২ق৲ك ಓ ೠ ৡ ଡୗ؞༃൶੯ ઞ৷؞୭੯ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشभ॔ॳش $65༄৲ଡୗ ল๕َ؟ਠৃૼभञीभ$65ৌੁঀُॺشਆ੨ে 10 ངੵ॥থॡজॺشभۇۈڶपेॊऱलસोभহ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشभ॥॔చሠ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشद఼खञ॥॔ గقෛਹكऱलસो ॥॔भచሠ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشએपেगञજॉ૾भऱलસो ࢥ๐Ꮝ 5 ຊ 6/ )+ ⦰ 5 ͛ r r ͛ ᅽ ຊ ⦰ ᅽ ॥থॡজॺش॥॔भచሠਜ਼઼ 11 12 ॺথॿঝངੵ॥থॡজॺشभએী૨৹ਪ ૾ய そᕤ⾲㠃Ỉศ⋡䠄䠂䠅 㻝㻜㻚㻜 㻤㻚㻜 㻢㻚㻜 㻥㻚㻝 ᅾ᮶ᕤἲ 㻤㻚㻣 㻢㻚㻣㻢㻚㻟㻢㻚㻞㻢㻚㻣㻢㻚㻠 㻡㻚㻡㻡㻚㻢㻡㻚㻟 ఏৈऋৈऎ๋भ୶॑ਭऐॊभଡ଼ॺথॿঝ ॺথॿঝહभਈਞആभ 㻭㻿㻾እほຎ䛒䜚 䚺 䛺䛧 㻤㻚㻡㻤㻚㻟 㻢㻚㻥㻣㻚㻠 㻥㻚㻟 ਟੵ১ 㻡㻚㻢㻡㻚㻞 z એী૨प 㻝㻡 ᭱పẼ 䠄Υ䠅 ᆙཱྀ ংছॶय़ऋँॊ؛ 㻠㻚㻜 㻞㻚㻜 㻝㻜 ॺথॿঝभཥে૾ய ᭱పẼ 䠉䠑Υ 㻡 㻜 㻙㻡 㻙㻝㻜 㻙㻝㻡 㻜㻚㻜 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 㻤 㻥 㻝㻜 㻝㻝 㻝㻞 㻝㻟 㻝㻠 㻝㻡 㻝㻢 㻝㻣 䝇䝟䞁␒ྕ䠄㻝㻜㻚㻡㼙㻛䝇䝟䞁䠅 ᆙཱྀ 㻺㻭㼀㻹 そᕤ⾲㠃Ỉศ⋡䠄䠂䠅 㻝㻜㻚㻜 ॺথॿঝभડཥেৎभਞആ 㻭㻿㻾እほຎ䛒䜚 䚺 䛺䛧 㻤㻚㻜 㻢㻚㻜㻢㻚㻞 㻡㻚㻟 㻡㻚㻜㻠㻚㻥㻠㻚㻤㻠㻚㻤㻡㻚㻜 㻢㻚㻜 㻠㻚㻣 㻠㻚㻣㻠㻚㻟㻠㻚㻡㻠㻚㻡㻠㻚㻡㻠㻚㻢㻠㻚㻟㻠㻚㻢 㻠㻚㻜 ॺথॿঝभડཥে૾ய 1$70 z ਟੵ১पૻसعங৵औः؛ z ቼઠહ॑ਈপधखथቼൔषऊढ थൊपँढञ؛ 㻞㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻜 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 㻤 㻥 㻝㻜 㻝㻝 㻝㻞 㻝㻟 㻝㻠 㻝㻡 㻝㻢 㻝㻣 䝇䝟䞁␒ྕ䠄㻝㻜㻚㻡㼙㻛䝇䝟䞁䠅 1 1 भ๋ध$65पेॊངੵ॥থॡজॺشभमऎ मऎᆽਚ मऎൺ ངੵ॥থॡজॺشડभອ্भऱलસो ਟੵ১पउऐॊડभອ্भऱलસो ऽखःीभੵ১ मऎᆽਚ ीभੵਂଐ ଲ੍৳ੵ ౷॒ॉ ૯৯હदभ๋पेॉۇۈڶपକघॊऱलસोऊैमऎखञधऔोञ؛ मऎभ૾ய ◁⢏Ꮚࡢࡦࡧ ࢀࡀࢭ࣓ࣥ ࢺ࣮࣌ࢫࢺ ᘏࡧ࡚࠸ࡓ㻌 ౷ ॒ଲ ੍ ॉ৳ ੵ PP㻌 मऎᆽਚ 1 㕲㐨⥲ྜᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ䛂㕲㐨ᵓ㐀≀➼⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ᶆ‽䛃ᖹᡂ㻝㻥ᖺ㻝᭶㻌 16 લਆभଡ଼ॺথॿঝभਜ਼઼كڭق લਆभଡ଼ॺথॿঝभਜ਼઼ લਆभଡ଼ॺথॿঝभਜ਼઼كڮق લਆभۇۈڶ༄৲ॺথॿঝਜ਼઼ ㍯ᓥᕷ ㍯ᓥᕷ ୕ఖਆਓ ෛਹҩෛ ᅜ㐨ྕ ᅜ㐨ྕ ซ ซ ✰Ỉ,& ᅜ㐨ྕ ࢺࣥࢿࣝ⨨ ᰗ⏣ ,& ✰Ỉ,& ᅜ㐨ྕ 㸿㹑㹐ຎࢺࣥࢿࣝ ࡑࢀ௨እࡢࢺࣥࢿࣝ ᑿᕷ ॺথॿঝਯ؟ᆽਚ ચః గᄝલ ᑿᕷ ᰗ⏣ ,& ࡢ㔛ᒣᾏ㐨 ࡢ㔛ᒣᾏ㐨 ؟ ۇۈڶᆽਚ जोਰਗ؟ᆽਚ ᅜ㐨ྕ ᅜ㐨ྕ 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨 㝣⮬ື㌴㐨 㔠ἑᕷ ুਆᡭྲྀᕝ ෛਹҩෛ ᡭྲྀᕝ ᐩᒣ┴ ᅜ㐨ྕ 17 ਟੵ১भངੵ॥থॡজॺشपۇۈڶऋেखञহ ॺكېقথॿঝڶངੵقగᄝલك $65भਖ਼ z นൖ૾ऱलસो z ।ঝ᪻লपेॊቨो ॺكےقথॿঝڸངੵقగᄝલك $65भਖ਼ z นൖ૾ऱलસो z ஜ౦ෲল ᐩᒣ┴ ᅜ㐨ྕ ᅜ㐨ྕ ⚟┴ 㔠ἑᕷ ୕ఖਆਓ ෛਹҩෛ ⚟┴ ᅜ㐨ྕ 18 ۂۉڶۃभངੵ॥থॡজॺشपۇۈڶऋেखञহ ॺك۔قথॿঝںངੵقగᄝલك ॺكۑقথॿঝڷངੵقਆෛਹك $65भਖ਼ z นൖ૾ऱलસो z ஜ౦ෲল $65भਖ਼ z ဒନखभऱलસो z ஜ౦ෲল ॺكۖقথॿঝڼངੵقਆෛਹك ॺكۓقথॿঝڹངੵقగᄝલك $65भਖ਼ z ဒନखभऱलસो z ஜ౦ෲল $65भਖ਼ z ্पభलॊऱलસो 19 ॺكەقথॿঝڻངੵقగᄝલك $65भਖ਼ z ဒନखभऱलસो z ஜ౦ෲল ॺكۗقথॿঝڽቼقగᄝલك $65भਖ਼ z นൖ૾ऱलસो z ஜ౦ෲল 20 ቼपۇۈڶऋেखञহ ॺكۘقথॿঝھቼقగᄝલك ۇۈڶऋেखञངੵ॥থॡজॺشभৌੁহ ॺكۙقথॿঝڿቼقਆෛਹك $65भਖ਼ z นൖ૾ऱलસो উঞय़ক५ॺ॥থॡজॺشছॖॽথॢග䠄䠬䠟䠨䠅ෆᕳ䛝ᕤ㻌 $65भਖ਼ z นൖ૾ऱलસो z ।ঝ᪻লपेॊቨो z ངੵभඕऌௐਂଌृ$65पेॊ॥থॡজॺشਘ২भৣपৌघॊଓਘ ँ؞धੵ॔থढ़شऋਂਏ؛ ؞૦ണੀभન৳पਔ؛ ॺكۚقথॿঝۀቼقਆෛਹك ഝ ம ା ੵ ॺكۛقথॿঝہቼقగᄝલك $65भਖ਼ z นൖ૾ऱलસो z ।ঝ᪻লपेॊቨो $65भਖ਼ z ্पభलॊऱलસो z च॒ৡपৌघॊଓਘ ؞ৌੁऋેীदऩःৃ়ഝद$65യਤभೃ؛ ؞$65༄৲॥থॡজॺشषभँधੵ॔থढ़شपਔ؛ ؞॥থॡজॺشभ૾ଙऋનੳदऌऩः؛ 21 ۇۈڶऋেखञངੵ॥থॡজॺشभৌੁহ 22 $65ऋೃऔोॊଡ଼ॺথॿঝभଵ৶भୖ ྐ ३ ॺ شம ା ੵ z ॺথॿঝभቼઠહृቼमఋංृೝभ୶॑ਭऐभ॥থॡ z मऎଆૃৌੁ জॺشଡୗधऩઞ৷؞୭੯दँॊ؛্ॺথॿঝቼभང ૃ؞ৌੁऋેীदऩःৃ়௺மାදभਙચपਔ؛ ؞$65भกऋಲਢघॊৃ়मਔ؛ ੵ॥থॡজॺشमઃभਡदਔऋਏदँॊ؛ ॺথॿঝቼभངੵ॥থॡজॺشम$65ऋ೪औोॊ୭दँॊ؛ खऊखངੵూએपऋँॊৃ়ངੵभએद$65पेॊજॉ ૾भऱलસोऋਤனघॊऒधऋँॉಽ૾पહାৡऋৣखथःॊऒध ۅۇڻওॵ३গહऐੵ z मऎଆૃৌੁ ुંྮऔॊ؛ ؞$65भกषु୯ྖऋ૭ચ؛ ؞$65༄৲॥থॡজॺشषभँधੵ॔থढ़شपਔ؛ ఏৈऋৈःॺথॿঝदम$65ऋೄऩৃ়दुभ๋กपे ৽؞ૌ௴ऋ૭ચ؛ ॉ$65भऱलસो॑मऎએधख॥থॡজॺشൺभमऎभ૫ਙ ऋँॊ؛ 2 2 ڹۃں ओಯലँॉऋधअओकःऽखञ؛ 2 䛆㔠ἑᏛ䠯䠥䠬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮㻌㼃㻳㻞㻌㻌◊✲ሗ࿌㻌㈨ᩱ䛇㻌 ᖹᡂ㻞㻤ᖺ䠕᭶㻟㻜᪥㻌 䠍䠊㻌Ỉᵓ㐀≀䛾䠝䠯䠮䛾≉ᚩ㻌 䐟㻌䝎䝮㻌 Ỉᵓ㐀≀䛾䠝䠯䠮䛾≉ᚩ䛸ㄪᰝデ᩿㻌 䠍䠊Ỉᵓ㐀≀䛾䠝䠯䠮䛾≉ᚩ䠄䝎䝮䚸ྲྀỈཱྀ䚸㻌ᑟỈ㊰䚸Ỉᵴ䚸䝃䞊䝆䝍䞁䜽䠅㻌 㻌 䠎䠊Ỉᵓ㐀≀䛾ㄪᰝデ᩿䠄ᑟỈ㊰䚸Ỉᵴ䠅㻌 㻌 䠏䠊䛆⿵㊊䛇䛂 ᗘኚ䜢ཷ䛡䜛䠝䠯䠮ຎ䝁䜰䛾⭾ᙇᣲື䛃㻔ヨ㦂䝕䞊䝍䛾⤂㻕㻌 㝣㟁ຊᰴᘧ♫㻌ᅵᮌ㒊㻌㻌ཧ⣡༓ኟ⏨㻌 ྲྀỈཱྀ 䝎䝮ୖὶ㠃㻌 ᑟỈ㊰ Ỉᵴ 䞉䝎䝮ᮏయ䛿䚸Ⓨ⇕㔞䜢పῶ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸᭱⢒㦵ᮦᑍἲ䜢䛝䛟䛧䚸༢䝉䝯䞁䝖㔞 䜢ᑡ䛺䛟䛧䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䚸䠝䠯䠮䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛻䛟䛔䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 ࢲ࣒ Ỉᅽ㕲⟶ 䠄┿䛾䝎䝮䛾ሙྜ䠖䠣㼙㼍㼤㻌㻤㻜㻌㼙㼙㻘㻌༢䝉䝯䞁䝖㔞㻌㻞㻜㻜㻌㼗㼓㻛㼙㻟㻕㻌 Ⓨ㟁ᡤ Ⓨ㟁タഛ䛾୍⯡ⓗ䛺ᵓᡂᅗ㻌 ᨺỈཱྀ 䞉ὥỈྤ䝀䞊䝖䝢䜰ୖ㒊䛷䠝䠯䠮䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䠝䠯䠮䛾㐍ᒎ䛿䚸 ୗ᪉䛛䜙䛾Ỉศ౪⤥䛸᪥ᑕ䛻䜘䜛ᙳ㡪䛜㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜂䜃䜜䛿䚸 ⓑⰍ⏕ᡂ≀䛷ሸ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 1 䐠㻌ྲྀỈཱྀ㻌 䠄┿䛾ὥỈྤ䝀䞊䝖䝢䜰䛾ሙྜ䠖䠣㼙㼍㼤㻌㻤㻜㻌㼙㼙㻘㻌༢䝉䝯䞁䝖㔞㻌㻞㻢㻝㻌㼗㼓㻛㼙㻟㻕㻌 䐡㻌ᑟỈ㊰㻌 䝎䝮ྲྀỈཱྀ๓㠃㻌 䝎䝮ୗὶ㠃㻌 ᑟỈ㊰䝖䞁䝛䝹䠄ฟཱྀ䠅㻌 䝢䜰㒊ഃ㠃㻌 䞉䝢䜰ୖ㒊䛷䠝䠯䠮䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䠝䠯䠮䛾㐍ᒎ䛿䚸ୗ᪉䛛䜙䛾Ỉ ศ౪⤥䛸᪥ᑕ䛻䜘䜛ᙳ㡪䛜㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜂䜃䜜䛿䚸ⓑⰍ⏕ᡂ≀䛷 ሸ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 䠄┿䛾ྲྀỈཱྀ䝢䜰䛾ሙྜ䠖䠣㼙㼍㼤㻌㻠㻜㻌㼙㼙㻘㻌༢䝉䝯䞁䝖㔞㻌㻞㻣㻟㻌㼗㼓㻛㼙㻟㻕㻌 3 䞉ᑟỈ㊰䝖䞁䝛䝹䛷䛿䚸䠝䠯䠮䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃 䜜䛿☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹ᖖỈ㠃ୗ䛻䛒 䜚䚸 ᗘୖ᪼䜒䛭䜜䜋䛹䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸䠝䠯䠮 䛜㐍ᒎ䛧䛻䛟䛔䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹㻌 2 䐢㻌Ỉᵴ㻌 Ỉᵴእቨཬ䜃Ỉᅽ㕲⟶㻌 䞉እቨ䛻䠝䠯䠮䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶 䛔䜛䚹䠝䠯䠮䛾㐍ᒎ䛿䚸Ỉᵴෆ㒊䛛䜙䛾Ỉ ศ౪⤥䛸᪥ᑕ䛻䜘䜛ᙳ㡪䛜㛵ಀ䛧䛶䛔䜛 䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜂䜃䜜䛿䚸ⓑⰍ⏕ᡂ≀ 䛷ሸ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸₃Ỉ䛻䛿⮳䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹㻌 4 䠎䠊㻌Ỉᵓ㐀≀䛾ㄪᰝデ᩿䠄ᑟỈ㊰䚸ྲྀỈཱྀ䠅㻌 䐣㻌䝃䞊䝆䝍䞁䜽䠄ㄪᅽỈᵴ䠅㻌 㻔㻝㻕㻌ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᴫせ㻌 䞉ᅽຊᑟỈ㊰䠄䝖䞁䝛䝹䠅ෆ䛾ᅽຊୖ᪼䜢㜵䛠䛯䜑䛻䚸ᅽຊᑟỈ㊰䛸Ỉᅽ⟶䛸䛾᥋ྜ㒊䛻タ䛡䜙䜜䜛 ⮬⏤Ỉ㠃䜢䜒䛳䛯Ỉᵴ㻌 44.3% Ỉ୰ ᥇ྲྀ䝁䜰 㻔ᑟỈ㊰㻕㻌 㻠㻠㻚㻟㻌㻑㻌 29.3% 䞉‵ 㻔ྲྀỈཱྀ㻕㻌 㻞㻥㻚㻟㻌㻑㻌 27.4% ⇱ 䞉‵㒊㻌 㻞㻣㻚㻠㻌㻑㻌 㻔ྲྀỈཱྀ㻕㻌 㻜㻑 㻞㻜㻑 㻠㻜㻑 㻢㻜㻑 㻝㻜㻜㻑 㻤㻜㻑 ᵓᡂ⋡㻔㻑㻕 Ᏻᒣᒾ㻖㻖 ὶ⣠ᒾ㻖 ⰼᓵᒾ 㛝⥳ᒾ ∦㯞ᒾ จ⅊ᒾ㻖 ὶ⣠ᒾ㉁⁐⤖จ⅊ᒾ㻖㻖 ◁ᒾ 䛭䛾 ⇱㒊㻌 **㧗ᛂᛶᒾ✀ * ᛂᛶᒾ✀ ྲྀỈཱྀ㻌 ⢒㦵ᮦ䛾ᒾ✀㠃✚⋡㻌 䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛾㓄ྜ⾲㻌 䝃䞊䝆䝍䞁䜽እほ㻌 䝃䞊䝆䝍䞁䜽ෆ㠃㻌 䞉ෆ㠃䛾⮬⏤Ỉ㠃䜘䜚ୖ㒊䛷䚸䠝䠯䠮䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ෆ㠃䛿䚸 ‵ศ䛜㧗䛟䚸䠝䠯䠮䛜㐍ᒎ䛧䜔䛩䛔䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜂䜃䜜䛿䚸ⓑⰍ⏕ᡂ≀ 䛷ሸ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌 ᵓ㐀≀ ྡ ⢒㦵ᮦ ࡢ᭱ ᑍἲ (mm) ᑟỈ㊰ 25 ྲྀỈཱྀ 40 ࢫࣛࣥ ࣉࡢ⠊ ᅖ (cm) 14s 1.0 12s 2.5 ༢㔞 (kg/m3) ࢭ࣓ ⣽㦵 ⢒㦵 ࣥࢺ ᮦ ᮦ C S G ✵Ẽ㔞 ࡢ⠊ᅖ (%) Ỉࢭ࣓ ࣥࢺẚ W/C (%) ⣽㦵ᮦ ⋡ s/a (%) 4s1.0 53 44.0 168 315 789 4s1.0 55 40.0 149 271 751 Ỉ W ΰ タィᇶ‽ ᙉᗘ (kg/cm2) 1,011 0.088 240 1,140 542 (cc) 240 5 6 㻔䠎㻕㻌೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾䛻䜘䜛ⷧ∦ほᐹ㻌 Ỉ୰㒊䛾ⷧ∦ヨᩱ䛾೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ㻌 ⷧ∦䛾೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ䛻䜘䜛䠝䠯䠮䛾㐍⾜≧ἣ㻌 ‵⧞䜚㏉䛧㒊䛾ⷧ∦ヨᩱ䛾೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ㻌 ᒾ ✀ Ᏻᒣᒾ䠄◁䠅㻌 䜂䜃䜜㻌 i 㦵ᮦ ᛂ 㺶㺯 ASR 㐍⾜ẁ㝵 Ѝ ii iii iv v 㺜㺰㺻㺢㺫㺽㺎㺛㺢 㦵ᮦ 㺜㺰㺻㺢㺫㺽㺎㺛㺢 㺗㺼㺷ࡢⁱࡳ࣭ ࡦࡧࢀ ࡦࡧࢀ ྲྀࡾᕳࡁ 㺗㺼㺷ሸ 㺗㺼㺷ሸ ホ ౯ ẼἻ 㺗㺼㺷ሸ 䛆Ỉ୰㒊䛇㻌 䜰䝹䜹䝸䝅䝸䜹䝀䝹㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ䠄◁䠅㻌 ◁ 㻜㻚㻝㼙㼙㻌 㻔┤䝙䝁䝹㻕㻌 㻔༢䝙䝁䝹㻕㻌 ⇱㒊䛾ⷧ∦ヨᩱ䛾೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ㻌 ◁ 䛆䞉‵㒊䛇㻌 ◁ Ᏻᒣᒾ Ᏻᒣᒾ ◁ ὶ⣠ᒾ㉁ ⁐⤖จ⅊ᒾ z Ᏻᒣᒾ䠄◁䠅䜢䜂䜃䜜䛜㈏㏻䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈䜂 䜃䜜䛻䜰䝹䜹䝸䝅䝸䜹䝀䝹䛿☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯 䚹㻌 ‵⧞䜚㏉䛧㒊䛾ⷧ∦ヨᩱ䛾೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ㻌 z Ᏻᒣᒾ䠄◁䠅䛛䜙Ⓨ㐩䛧䛯䜂䜃䜜䛜䝉䝯䞁䝖㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䝨䞊䝇䝖䛻㐩䛧䠈䜂䜃䜜䛻䛿䜰䝹䜹䝸䝅䝸䜹䝀 䝹䛜ሸ䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ䠄◁䠅㻌 ⇱㒊䛾ⷧ∦ヨᩱ䛾೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ㻌 㻔༢䝙䝁䝹㻕㻌 㻝㼙㼙㻌 㸩 㸩 㸩 㸩 㸩 㻜㻚㻝㼙㼙㻌 Ỉ୰㒊䛾ⷧ∦ヨᩱ䛾೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ㻌 ᛂ䝸䝮㻌 Ᏻᒣᒾ ὶ⣠ᒾ㉁ ⁐⤖จ⅊ᒾ Ᏻᒣᒾ z Ᏻᒣᒾ䠄◁䠅䛾࿘ᅖ䛻ᛂ䝸䝮䜢Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛 䛜䠈㦵ᮦ䛛䜙䛾䜂䜃䜜䛿⏕䛨䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹㻌 7 䛆⇱㒊䛇㻌 ◁ ◁ Ᏻᒣᒾ Ᏻᒣᒾ ۔ ۔ 1 1 1 ㍍ᚤ 㸩 ຎᗘࡢホ౯ ۔ ۔ ۔ ۔ ۔ ۔ ۔ 3 3 1 ࠐ ຎᗘࡢホ౯ 㢧ⴭ ຎᗘࡢホ౯ 1 1 ㍍ᚤ 㸩 㸩 㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ䛻䜘䜛ホ౯㻌 䠝䠯䠮䛾⛬ᗘ䠖㻌 䖂㻌㻌㢧ⴭ㻌䠈䕿㻌㻌䛒䜚㻌䠈䠇㻌䜟䛪䛛㻌 ຎᗘ䛾ホ౯䠖㻌 㻝㻌㻌㍍ᚤ㻌䠈䠎㻌㻌୰⛬ᗘ㻌䠈䠏㻌㢧ⴭ㻌 8 㻔䠏㻕㻌ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ䛸㟼ᙎᛶಀᩘ䛾㛵ಀ㻌 㻔䠐㻕㻌ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ㻌 ⭾ᙇ⋡㻔㻑㻕 㻜㻚㻣㻜 㻜㻚㻢㻜 Ỉ୰ 㻜㻚㻡㻜 䞉‵ ⇱ 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻟㻤㻌㻑㻌 㻜㻚㻟㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻜㻑 㻜㻚㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻞㻜㻌㻑㻌 㻜㻚㻝㻜㻑 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜 㻣 㻝㻠 㻞㻝 㻞㻤 ヨ㦂᪥ᩘ䠄᪥䠅 䞉⇱㒊䛜䛷䛒䜛䠄䠝䠯䠮䛾㐍ᒎ䛜ᑡ䛺䛔䠅䛸௬ᐃ䛧䛯ሙྜ䚸㻌 ⇱㒊䠄㻜㻚㻟㻤㻌㻑䠅䠉䞉‵㒊䠄㻜㻚㻞㻜㻌㻑䠅䠙ᘓタᚋ䛛䜙ㄪᰝⅬ㻔㻞㻤ᖺ䠅䜎䛷䛾⭾ᙇ⋡䛾ᾘ㈝㔞䠄㻜㻚㻝㻤㻑䠅㻌 䞉㻜㻚㻝㻤㻑䠋㻞㻤ᖺ㻌䜢䚸䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾⭾ᙇ㏿ᗘ䛸⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸ᚋ䛾ṧᏑ⭾ᙇᛶ䜢᥎ᐃ䛷䛝䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜 䛒䜛䚹㻌 䞉Ỉ୰㒊䛸䞉‵㒊䛷䛿䚸㟼ᙎᛶಀᩘ䛾పୗ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䚸䠝䠯䠮䛜㐍ᒎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸᥎ᐹ䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌 9 10 䠏䠊䛆⿵㊊䛇䛂 ᗘኚ䜢ཷ䛡䜛䠝䠯䠮ຎ䝁䜰䛾⭾ᙇᣲື䛃㻔ヨ㦂䝕䞊䝍䛾⤂㻕㻌 䞉䝁䞁䝍䜽䝖䝏䝑䝥㛫(ᇶ㛗10cm)䛾㛗䛥䜢䝁䞁䝍䜽䝖䝇䝖䝺䜲䞁䝯䞊䝍䞊䛻䜘䜚 ᐃ 䞉 ᗘ䜢10Υ䡚30Υ䛻䠏 ኚື 䞉㣴⏕᮲௳䛿䚸Ẽ୰䠄ᑒ䛛䜣≧ែ䠅ཬ䜃Ỉ୰䛾䠎䜿䞊䝇 Ẽ୰䠄ᑒ䛛䜣䠅㣴⏕䝁䜰 ⣙㻝㻜㼏㼙㻌 ⣙㻝㻜㼏㼙㻌 ⣙㻝㻜㼏㼙㻌 ⣙㻝㻜㼏㼙㻌 ⣙㻝㻜㼏㼙㻌 䝁䞁䝍䜽䝖䝏䝑䝥 䠍 ⥺ᖹᆒ 䠎 ⥺ᖹᆒ Ỉ୰䛻䛚䛡䜛⥺⭾ᙇ㔞 ᐃ Ẽ୰䛻䛚䛡䜛⥺⭾ᙇ㔞 ᐃ 450 450 350 㻔ᖹᆒ㻌㻣㻚㻡㻡㻕㻌 250 250 150 150 50 50 -50 -50 20Υ 10Υ 㻥㻛㻞㻥 㻝㻜㻛㻥 30Υ 10Υ 30Υ 㻝㻜㻛㻝㻥 㻝㻜㻛㻞㻥 10Υ 㻝㻝㻛㻤 20Υ 30Υ 㻝㻝㻛㻝㻤 10Υ 㻝㻝㻛㻞㻤 䕿Ỉ Ỉᵓ㐀≀䛾ㄪᰝデ᩿䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸 㻌 䞉⎔ቃ᮲௳䛾㐪䛔䛻䜘䜚䚸䠝䠯䠮䛾㐍⾜≧ἣ䛻㐪䛔䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹㻌 㻤㻚㻞㻥㻌 㻡㻚㻣㻢㻌 㻝㻜㻚㻝㻥㻌 㻢㻚㻢㻝㻌㻝㻜㻚㻢㻡㻌 㻝㻝㻚㻡㻜㻌 㻝㻝㻚㻟㻠㻌 ⥺⭾ᙇಀᩘ㻌 㻔䃛㻛䉝䠅㻌 㻤㻚㻜㻣㻌 㻣㻚㻠㻠㻌 㻤㻚㻜㻢㻌 㻣㻚㻢㻟㻌 㻣㻚㻞㻡㻌 㻢㻚㻥㻣㻌 㻣㻚㻠㻠㻌 350 㛗䛥ኚ⋡䠄μ䠅 䕿Ỉ Ỉᵓ㐀≀䛾䠝䠯䠮䛾≉ᚩ䛸䛧䛶䚸 㻌 䞉≉䛻䚸‵₶≧ែ䛻䛒䜛㒊䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䠝䠯䠮䛾㐍ᒎ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹 㻌 䞉䠝䠯䠮䛻䜘䜛䜂䜃䜜䛿䚸‵₶≧ែ䛻䛒䜛㒊䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸ⓑⰍ⏕ᡂ≀䛜ሸ㻌 㻌 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䛜ከ䛔䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛䚹 䞉䝎䝮ᮏయ䛿䚸䝉䝯䞁䝖㔞䛜ᑡ䛺䛔㓄ྜ䛾䛯䜑䚸䠝䠯䠮䛜㐍ᒎ䛧䛻䛟䛔䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛䚹 Ỉ୰㣴⏕䝁䜰 ⣙㻝㻜㼏㼙㻌 -150 䛆䜎䛸䜑䛇 㻝㻞㻛㻤 㻝㻞㻛㻝㻤 -150 20Υ 10Υ 㻥㻛㻞㻥 㻝㻜㻛㻥 30Υ 10Υ 30Υ 㻝㻜㻛㻝㻥 㻝㻜㻛㻞㻥 10Υ 20Υ 㻝㻝㻛㻤 30Υ 㻝㻝㻛㻝㻤 10Υ 30Υ 㻝㻝㻛㻞㻤 㻝㻞㻛㻤 㻝㻞㻛㻝㻤 (᭶᪥䠅 䞉Ẽ୰䠄ᑒ䛛䜣䠅㣴⏕䛾䝁䜰䛾⥺⭾ᙇಀᩘ䛿䚸㻣䡚㻤䃛㻛䉝⛬ᗘ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹㻌 䞉Ỉ୰㣴⏕䛾䝁䜰䛾⥺⭾ᙇಀᩘ䛿䚸 ᗘኚ䛻䜘䜛⭾ᙇ䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸㻭㻿㻾䝀䝹䛾྾Ỉ ⭾ᙇ䜒ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸᥎ 䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌 11 䕿 ᗘኚ䜢ཷ䛡䜛䠝䠯䠮ຎ䝁䜰䛾⭾ᙇᣲື䜘䜚䚸 㻌 䞉䠝䠯䠮ຎ䝁䜰䛾⥺⭾ᙇಀᩘ䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹㻌 㻌 䞉 ᗘୖ᪼䛻䜘䜚⭾ᙇ䛧䛯䝁䞁䜽䝸䞊䝖䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䠝䠯䠮䝀䝹䛾྾Ỉ⭾ᙇ䛸ぢ䜙䜜 䜛ᣲື䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䚹 㻝㻞㻌