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紛争被災者に対する「保護する責任」 —国際人道支援の可能性と
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Å5^˜CD{r 1940 78z{¹S*EÝç T?@z{¹S*EW «U¥ÈC’ÇÍž2E ÚÛbCD 1942 eÆÇÈÉÊÅÕz{ ¹S*EÝçT]?U 1943 ?@z{¹S*EÝç TÃÍÎEÌqU 1945 ÄÅTÃ?UEÝ祔 sEÛbeÚÛbCD 1945Ã?È‘’ýfg¹S *¥d’ÂÄì?ÄLM ¬EÍPCDàá 1947 Ã?È‘’ýfg¹S *ÄÈ‘’ýfgYz *¥dh¯Áëø¼í¼ 1948 ¼K>*iz*EÝç 1950 bhÁÂeE•Û^’Ý çTgÜÇH>CU 1950 ÝÜýÇed’ýhZa ^ZÁÝçTÝHÜ—Æ CU !"#$%&'()*+,-./ 2008.1.19 1960 1967-70 AÅÈC”1 1963 ÇÈÉ?@¹S*ÄÇÈ ÉÊ“Ë¥dh¯Áëø ¼ 1967-70 ÇÈÉ?@¹S*¥AÅ ÈC”1¬)SYÛÄy Ù¬EàáMû‚ 1970 1970-91 Ý’@ÛÅÁ ” 1971 ¾¿»d’ ÂeTgÇý ’”1 1979 EDHZÊE Ý’@ÛÅó * 1979 õ“EÅÈ» ’ó* 1970ÇÈÉ?@¹S*¥¯’ »ÁAÛbCD 1977 Û`¡hE 4 @Йxz j… ?@g°¡Z01Eÿ !4E:;5!78™ xzj…T¾_™xzj …U ¸?@g°¡Z01E ÿ!4E:;5!78 ™xzj…T¾Ã™xz j…U 1979 ÇÈÉÊ 141 Ý? 1980 1980-88 dC’edC Æ”1 1984 ÅÈÜÝÅÆ ThÀe? ÅU 1990 dCÆeƲ DhHó* 1991 ÜÝ”1 1991õ“ÜÅÁ” 1992-95 1984 ÇÈÉÊeÇ’MÊ“Ë 5¶·¦¸ 1990 1991ÇÈÉ?@¹S*¥õ“ ÜÅÁ”¬EàáÄDt å†Epù &©Þ¾ 1992 ?@ÇÈÉÊeÇ’MÊ “Ë5¶·¦¸ 1992- ¼ 1956 ?“Ûb$V=…>š …Ü¥Ö’»Ühš;E Œ¨4E¾¿?j£e¿ À©…5‰š 1963 ¼KÑÒ!"TWFPUE ÝÞ 1965 ?“ÎÏäU¥dh¯Á ëø¼ 1966 ÛbEÙQ5!78z j…TÛbzj…U¥: ; E 6 — « o X T 1951 ¿ 1 M 1 LssEš;5 FÕhU 1969 OAU Ûb@Ð-Ð 1970?“Ûb$V=…>š …Ü¥¯’»ÁAÛbC D 1972 ? “ 3 Ÿ z { } ! TUNDROUEÝÞ¥? “•}!EABCDà áERS}!Iåæ 1979?“Ûb$V=…>š …ܥݒ@ÛÅÁ”¬ Ef¿YÛbgh’i CD 1979?“Ûb$V=…>š …Ü¥ÅÈ»&Çý’× Ø?¬EÛbCD 1968 _’Bh’TÅdÁC’ ÂUEÝç¥AÅÈC” 1¬gÜÇH>Ž>E ÌÈ\ò5K+æCD 1971 ?|°¯Ï[øEÝç T±U¥AÅÈC”1¬ EÇÈÉ?@¹S*I E\â6ç5DGæ² ~ 1972 ÅÆa^’hdÂT]U Ýç 1977 ÅÆa^’echÛh’ ÇeÅ’ý’Za^ZÁ Ýç 1979 ‘È`Ûhýed’ýh Za^ZÁÝç¥Ý’@ ÛÅÛbCD«Z} 1979 ?|°¯Ï[ø¥Ý’@ ÛÅÛbgh’iE¡ š‚«¸Û 1979 ÅÆa^’e_’He CeÈÉÊEÝç 1981 1980 ?“Ûb$V=…>š ¼KEÏÐøEÍ΂ …Ü¥dh¯Áëø¼í T ? | ° ¯ Ï [ ø \ I ¼ E‚çU 1984 1985 Û b 5 ! 7 8 Ý Á ý W d’ýhZa^ZÁeÅ Z☠ChHÝç 19911992-95 ? “ Û b $ V = … > š @Ç&ÅCD¬.ÄNGO …Ü¥ÆÁÂÛbCD .7õæ?“Ûb$V TdCÆžÁU =…>š…ÜEß2¬ 1992 àá ?“AB–uðTDHAU 1994 EÝÞ ?|°¯Ï[ø¥Áb’ A/RES/46/182 cà"YE©ªÙ”¬Ä 18 !"#$%&'()*+,-./ 2008.1.19 2000 @Ç&ÅÁ” 1994 Áb’ceÛ DdBd 1994ÀDÀD’‚ ç•1 1997-2000 _õEF01 1999 (••áhÁ ‚ç ÇÈÉ?@¹S*¥@Ç &ŬEâ+š;«í òæÄ?“I㧫ޱ æàá 1994 ÇÈÉ?@¹S*¥ÀD ÀD’¬EABCD¥Ò n!»4â+ n8 1994 The Code of Conduct¥A B}!E•áŠ‹5ä ±æEäMgÖ…Er jTÇÈÉI¸%ËÍ ÎU 2001 q5èm•f ÜýÊ ÅÈ»&Çý ’”1 2003 dCÆ”1 2003 dCÆeÇÈÉ?@¹S *š…Ü,E•fÜý Ê 2006 ÇÈÉÊ 185 Ý? 2007 Û`¡hE@о¿™ xzj…m‰eÇxä T‘—ÂÆÜÇýÁUê 2á5™x T19 DECEMBER 1991U 1992-93 ?“Ûb$V=…>š …ܥݒ@ÛÅÛb¿ ÀCDàá 1992-95 ?“Ûb$V=…>š …Ü¥@Ç&ÅCDEŽ 7}!ĈÑ4è‹ 1994Áb’c×Ø?¬EÛ bCDÄÛbgh’iE ¡š‚Þ¾ 1994 ÛbeÚÛb5!78B ’ʽ☠1997 ?“AB–uRSš… ÜTOCHAUEÝÞ¥A BCDàáERS}G TDHA Es:}!U 1997?“Ûb$V=…>š …Ü¥_õEFÛbCD 1999 ?“Ûb$V=…>š …Ü¥(••áhÁÛb CDÄš…Üâ+ 3 ¶E )SŠŒ 2003 dCÆe?“š…Ü56 78•fÜýÊ ±¡Iàá 1994 The Code of Conduct¥A B}!E•áŠ‹5ä ±æEäMgÖ…Er jTÇÈÉI¸%ËÍ ÎU 1999 ?|°¯Ï[ø¥dh¯ Áëø¼í¼ Tó4ôbU †‡10¥?@AB$EºjE“”IAgk<e!"!» 1864 å,”•SÑÒ4 ”•5[ò8¡ ¬ìEˆÑ¡AE z×Ö×5!78 Û`¡hE@Ð º,”•SÑÒ4 1874 1899 1906 Û`¡hE@Ð EŠ‹«º”5Õ h78@Ð ÔÕ æ”1E$â’Œ 5!78?@@Ð 4T¾Ü`—½Áâ ˜4U æå”E$â’Œ 5!78@Ð ÑÒ4Ez×Ö ×5!78@Ð 19 ÖbTì?ÖbU Öb !"#$%&'()*+,-./ 2008.1.19 1907 1929 Û`¡hE@Ð EŠ‹«º”5Õ h78@Ð ”•5[ò8¡ ¬ìEÑ4…ÈÒ 4Ez×Ö×5! 78Û`¡hE@ Ð å”E$â’Œ 5!78@Ð ÔÕEz×Ö× 5!78Û`¡h E@Ð 1934 ì?Öb:;5 !78@Öç4T( èç4U ”55[ò8Ö bE:;5!78 @ÐT¾ 4 @ÐU 1949 ”Ù5•8¡¬ º,5•8¡¬ ÔÕEz×Ö× EÑ4…ÈÒ4E EÑ4ÄÒ4…ÈÛ 5!78Û`¡h z×EÖ×5!7 Ô4Ez×EÖ× E@ÐT¾ 3 @ÐU 8Û`¡hE@Ð 5!78Û`¡h T¾ 1 @ÐU E@ÐT¾ 2 @ÐU p*¾ 3 @T?@gHi«jå°±015678âjU 1977 ?@g°¡Z01Eÿ!4E:;5!78™xzj…T¾_™xzj…U ¸?@g°¡Z01Eÿ!4E:;5!78™xzj…T¾Ã™xzj…U 2007 ™xg2áE-h5!78™xzj…T¾¿™xzj…U Û`¡hE@ÐT01ÿ!4E:;U æÖhé@ÐTŸì´µe`$EâºU Tó4ôbU 20 !"#$%&'()*+,-./ 2008.1.19 ˆpÖê_ë Adelman and Suhrke, 1996, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience : Study 2 Early Warning and Conflict Management, Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda. 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