Title 古アイスランド語の連体修飾の与格について Author(s)

Title
古アイスランド語の連体修飾の与格について
Author(s)
入江, 浩司
Citation
金沢大学文学部論集. 言語・文学篇, 28: 65-78
Issue Date
2008-03-25
Type
Departmental Bulletin Paper
Text version
publisher
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/2297/9721
Right
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http://dspace.lib.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/dspace/
㊄ᴛᄢቇᢥቇㇱ⺰㓸 ⸒⺆࡮ᢥቇ▻
╙ ภ ᐕ 㨪
ฎࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩㅪ૕ୃ㘼ߩਈᩰߦߟ޿ߡ
౉ ᳯ ᶈ ม
ߪߓ߼ߦ ฎࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ 1 ߦߪ‫ ޔ‬hяggva í hяfuð honum ‘hew in head:ACC him:DAT’‫ޟ‬ᓐߩ㗡
ߦᢾࠅߟߌࠆ‫ ޔޠ‬setja øxina í hяfuð honum ‘set ax-the:ACC in head:ACC him:DAT’‫ޟ‬ᓐ
ߩ㗡ߦᢼࠍᛂߜߟߌࠆ‫ ߦ߁ࠃࠆߌ߅ߦ⃻⴫ߚߞ޿ߣޠ‬2 ‫ޔ‬೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߢ޽ࠆฬ⹖ฏߩୃ
㘼ᚑಽߣߒߡਈᩰߩฬ⹖ฏ߇⃻ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫޽ࠆ 3 ‫ޔߪߦ⊛ဳౖޕ‬り૕ฬ⒓߇೨⟎⹖
ฏߩ⋡⊛⺆ߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᜬߜਥ߇ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߢ⴫ࠊߐࠇࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޟߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬೨⟎⹖
㧗ฬ⹖ฏ㧗ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬೨⟎⹖ฏߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߘࠇߙࠇߩ․ᓽࠍ‫ޔ‬ታ଀ߦߟ޿ߡ⹦⚦
ߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ᚲ᦭ߩਈᩰ‫ޔߪߩࠆࠇ⃻ߢ⺆࠼ࡦ࡜ࠬࠗࠕ߇ޠ‬
ᧄⓂߢ໧㗴ߦߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥ೨⟎⹖ฏౝߩฬ⹖ࠍୃ㘼ߔࠆ႐ว߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ޽ࠅ‫࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬
⺆ߩ Er wäscht dem Kind die Hände ߩࠃ߁ߥਈᩰߩ↪଀ߪ߹ߕ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬
ᧄⓂߩએਅߩ᭴ᚑߪᰴߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ ╙ߕ߹ޕ‬2 ▵ߢ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢ૶↪ߒߚ࠺࡯࠲ߩ▸࿐ߦߟ
޿ߡㅀߴߡ߅ߊ‫ ╙ޕ‬3 ▵߇ᧄ⺰ߢ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩ೨⟎⹖ฏߩฦ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ․ᓽߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
╙ 4 ▵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߣߒߡり૕ฬ⒓߇⃻ࠇߡߪ޿ࠆ߇ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߩୃ㘼ࠍฃߌߡ
޿ߥ޿଀ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬5 ▵ߪ߹ߣ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࠺࡯࠲ߦߟ޿ߡ
ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ਎ࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼ߢᦠ߆ࠇߚ‫✚ߣޠࠟࠨߩੱ࠼ࡦ࡜ࠬࠗࠕޟ‬⒓ߐࠇࠆ૞ຠ⟲
ߩ߁ߜ‫࡮⾰ޔ‬㊂ߣ߽ߦ․ߦలታߒߚ‫ ࠟࠨߩࡦ࠰ࡓ࡯࡝ࠣ࡜࠶ࠞࠬ࡮࡞ࠡࠛޟ‬Egils saga
Skalla-Grímssonar 㧔 1230 ᐕ 㗃 ᚑ ┙ ‫ ⇛ ޔ‬ภ Eg 㧕‫ ޟޔޠ‬὾ ߈ ⸛ ߜ ߩ ࠾ ࡖ ࡯ ࡞ ߩ ࠨ ࠟ
Brennu-Njáls saga㧔1280 ᐕ㗃ᚑ┙‫⇛ޔ‬ภNj㧕‫ߩࡦ࠰࡞࠳ࡦࡓࠬ࡯ࠕ࡮࡞ࠖ࠹࠶࡟ࠣޟޔޠ‬
ࠨࠟ Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar㧔1320 ᐕ㗃ᚑ┙‫⇛ޔ‬ภGr㧕‫ ߩޠ‬3 ૞ຠ߆ࠄ↪଀ࠍ㓸߼
ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ߅ߥޕ‬૞ຠߪ޿ߕࠇ߽૞⠪ਇ⹦ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬
‫ߡ޿ߟߦޠࠟࠨߩ࡞ࠡࠛޟ‬
ߪࠬࡁ࠶࡝࡮ࠬ࠻࠘࡞࡞࠰ࡦ Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241) ࠍ૞⠪ߣߔࠆ⺑߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳ
ᾖߒߚೀᧄߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ᧄᢥߩ✚ࡍ࡯ࠫᢙߪ‫ޔ‬Eg 297 㗁‫ޔ‬Nj 459 㗁‫ޔ‬Gr 287 㗁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒁ
↪ߒߚ଀ᢥߩᦨᓟߦ‫ޔ‬૞ຠߩ⇛ภߣ‫ߚߒ↪૶ޔ‬ೀᧄߩࡍ࡯ࠫ⇟ภࠍ⸥ߒߚ‫ࠆ߈ߢޔ߅ߥޕ‬
ߛߌ✂⟜⊛ߦ↪଀෼㓸ࠍⴕߥ߁ߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬CD-ROMൻߐࠇߚ㔚ሶ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߽วࠊߖߡ೑↪ߒ
ߚ 4‫ޕ‬
ࠨࠟߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅜਛ‫ޔ‬㗉᱌߿⊓႐ੱ‛ߩᔃᖱࠍ⹗߁㖿ᢥ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫ᝌ౉ߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬
- 65 -
ߎࠇߪᭂ߼ߡᛛᏁ⊛ߥ⹞ߢ‫⺆ࠆࠇࠄ޿↪ޔ‬ᒵ߽․ᱶߥ႐ว߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻
ߩᢔᢥߩㇱಽߩߺࠍ⠨ኤߩኻ⽎ߣߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏ߇೨⟎⹖ฏ߆ࠄㆆ㔌ߒߚ૏⟎ߦ
⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠆ߇ 5 ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪ೨⟎⹖ฏߣߒߡ✕ኒᕈ߇㜞޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ
ࠆ‫ޔ‬೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߩ⋥ᓟߦਈᩰฬ⹖ฏ߇⃻ࠇࠆ႐วߩߺࠍ㓸߼ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
೨⟎⹖ฏߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ⃻ࠇᣇ
ߎߩ▵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬೨⟎⹖㧗ฬ⹖ฏ㧗ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬೨⟎⹖ฏߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ⃻ࠇᣇߦߟ޿
ߡ‫ޔ‬೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߣߒߡߩฬ⹖ฏ (3.1㧕‫ޔ‬ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏ (3.2)‫ޔ‬೨⟎⹖ߩ⒳㘃ߣᗧ๧․ᓽ
(3.3)‫ߩޔ‬㗅ߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
3.1 ೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆
ߎߎߢߪ೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߣߒߡ⃻ࠇࠆฬ⹖ฏߩᕈ⾰ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ฬ⹖ߩ⒳㘃 (3.1.1)‫ޔ‬ធየ
ㄉቯ౰⹖ߩߟ߈ᣇ (3.1.2)‫ޔ‬ฬ⹖ߩୃ㘼ᚑಽ (3.1.3)‫ࠍޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
3.1.1
ฬ⹖ߩ⒳㘃
೨⟎⹖ฏౝߢਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߩୃ㘼ࠍฃߌࠆฬ⹖ࠍ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢᬌ⸛ߩኻ⽎ߣߒߚ૞ຠߏߣߦ㓸
⸘ߒߚߩ߇ᧄⓂᧃየߩ೎⴫ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦ⴫ޕ‬᜼ߍߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ ⸘✚ޔ‬43 ߩฬ⹖ߦߟ޿ߡ↪଀߇෼
㓸ߢ߈ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬૏⟎ߦߪ᥉ㅢฬ⹖ߩߺ߇⃻ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߢ‫ޔ‬ઍฬ⹖߿࿕᦭ฬ⹖ߩ଀ߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
↪଀ᢙߦߪᄢ߈ߊ஍ࠅ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬20 એ਄ߩ↪଀ߩ޽ࠆฬ⹖ߪ‫ޔ‬hяnd‫ޟ‬ᚻ‫ޠ‬
㧔154 ଀㧕‫ޔ‬hяfuð
‫ޟ‬㗡‫ޠ‬㧔56 ଀㧕‫ޔ‬bak ‫ޟ‬⢛ਛ‫ޔ‬⢛ᓟ‫ޠ‬㧔39 ଀㧕‫ޔ‬fótr‫ޠ⿷ޟ‬㧔21 ଀㧕ߩ 4 ߟߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩઁޔ‬ฬ⹖
ࠃࠅ⋡┙ߞߡ↪଀ᢙ߇ᄙ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ߽hяnd‫ޟ‬ᚻ‫ߌࠊࠅߣ߇଀↪ߩޠ‬ᄙ޿߇‫ౕߪࠇߎޔ‬૕
⊛ߥり૕ㇱಽߣߒߡߩ‫ޟ‬ᚻ‫ޔߦઁߩ଀↪ߔࠊ⴫ࠍޠ‬ganga á hendr DAT ‘go on hands DAT’
‫ޟ‬DATߦ᦯ᓥߔࠆ‫ޔޠ‬kaupa ACC til handa DAT
‘buy ACC to hands DAT’‫ޟ‬DAT ߩߚ߼
ߦ㧔㧨ߩᚻߦ㧕ACCࠍ⾈ߞߡ߿ࠆ‫ޠ‬lýsa vígi á hendr sér ‘declare man-slaughter on hands
oneself:DAT’‫ ޟ‬Ვੱࠍ⥄ಽߩ઀ᬺߢ޽ࠆߣት⸒ߔࠆ‫ޔޠ‬selja ACC í hendr DAT ‘hand.over
ACC in hands DAT’‫ޟ‬DAT㧔ߩᚻ㧕ߦACCࠍᷰߔ‫ޔߚߞ޿ߣޠࠆ⼑ޔ‬᛽⽎⊛ߥᗧ๧ߦ᜛ᒛ
ߐࠇߚ↪ᴺ߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ 6 ‫ޕ‬
⴫߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫߿ੱޔ‬േ‛ߩり૕ㇱಽࠍ⴫ࠊߔฬ⹖߇࿶ୟ⊛ߦᄙ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬り૕ฬ
⒓ߪり૕ߩ⴫㕙ߦ⷗߃ࠆ߽ߩ߫߆ࠅߢ‫ޔ‬り૕ౝㇱߦ޽ࠆ㛽߿ౝ⤳ߥߤߩ଀ߪ⷗ߟ߆ࠄߥ߆
ߞߚ 7 ‫ޕ‬వⴕ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߣ✕ኒߥ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆり૕ฬ⒓߿⴩㘃ߢ޽ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
(Nygaard 1905: 99-100, Faarlund 2004: 170-171)‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ‫⴩ޔ‬㘃ߩ଀ߪᭂ߼ߡዋ
ߥ޿ 8 ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬り૕ㇱಽ߿⴩㘃એᄖߩ⥝๧ᷓ޿଀߽⷗ߟ߆ߞߚ‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬り૕ฬ⒓એᄖߩ
଀ߣߒߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ߆‫ޔ‬෼㓸ߢ߈ߚ଀ࠍ୘೎ߦ᜼ߍߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬
߹ߕ‫ޔ‬り૕ߦኒ⌕ߒߚ⴩㘃ߩ଀ߣߒߡߪ‫ ޔ‬belti‫ޕߚߞ߆ߟ⷗߇ޠ࠻࡞ࡌޟ‬
- 66 -
(1)
Flosi
tók
þá
af
fésjóð
belti
sér
ok
kvazk
Flosi:NOM took then purse:ACC off belt:DAT himself:DAT and
vildu
said
gefa honum.
would give
him:DAT
‫ࠪࡠࡈߡߒ߁ߘޟ‬㧔↵ᕈฬ㧕ߪ⥄ಽߩࡌ࡞࠻߆ࠄ⽷Ꮣࠍขࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓐߦᏅߒ਄ߍߚ޿ߣ⸒
ߞߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Nj 350)
߹ߚ‫ޔ‬り૕ߦኒ⌕ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⠨߃ߦߊ޿ᜬߜ‛ߩ଀߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(2)
Fá
mér
leppa
tvá ór
hári
þínu , ok
give me:DAT locks:ACC two from hair:DAT your
móðir
mín saman
mother:NOM my
til bogastrengs
together to
snúið þit
and twine you.two:NOM
mér.
bow.string:GEN me:DAT
‫ޟ‬㧔ᢜߦⷅࠊࠇߡᑿߩᒏࠍಾࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬றߦ޿ߚᆄߦჿࠍ߆ߌࠆ႐㕙㧕߅೨ߩ㜬߆ࠄੑ߰
ߐࠍߊࠇ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬Უߐࠎߣੑੱߢࠃࠅวࠊߖߡ⑳ߩᑿߩᒏߦߒߡߊࠇ‫(ޠޕ‬Nj 189)
߿ߪࠅᜬߜਥߣߩኒ⌕ᐲߪ߿߿ૐ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ skjяldr‫ޔߪߦޠ⋫ޟ‬koma í opna skjяldu
DAT
‘come into open shields DAT’‫ޟ‬DAT ߩ஥㕙߆ࠄ㧔㧨⋫ߩ㐿޿ߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈ߳ะ߆
ߞߡ㧕᡹᠄ߔࠆ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩ ޠ‬ᘠ↪ฏൻߒߡ޿ࠆ⴫⃻߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(3)
Skotar hяfðu látit fara
Scots
had
skjяldu
let
sumt liðið
laust, ok
move some troop loose
jarlsmяnnum,
ok
kom
þat í
and came it
varð
þar
opna
into open
mannfall
mikit [ . . . ]
shields:ACC earl’s.followers:DAT and occurred there slaughter great
‫ߪߜߚੱ࠼ࡦ࡜࠻࠶ࠦࠬޟ‬ァ൓ߩ৻ㇱࠍಽ㔌ߒߡㅴ߹ߖ‫ߩߘޔ‬ㇱ㓌߇୥ߩァߩ஥㕙ࠍ
᡹߼‫ߢߎߘޔ‬ᄙߊߩ⠪߇ୟࠇ࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Nj 207)
ή↢‛ߩో૕ߣㇱಽߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆ߽ߩ߽‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢ໧㗴ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ⴫⃻ࠍߣࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
଀߃߫‫ޔ‬り૕ฬ⒓ kverk‫ޟ‬༄㧔޽ߏߩⵣߩㇱಽ㧕‫ޔ߇ޠ‬ᢼߩ಺ߩਅ஥ߩㇱಽࠍ⴫ࠊߔߩߦ૶
↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ଀߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬り૕ㇱಽߣ‛ߩᒻߩ㘃ૃߦၮߠߊォ↪ߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(4)
Gunnarr snerisk
skjótt
at honum ok
Gunnarr turned.himself quickly to him
ok
kom
undir
kverk
lýstr
við
atgeirinum,
and strikes with halberd-the
øxinni,
[...]
and came under underside:ACC ax-the:DAT
‫ޟ‬㧔⋧ᚻߦ⢛ᓟ߆ࠄᢼߢᢾࠅߟߌࠄࠇߡ㧕ࠣࡦ࠽࡞ߪ⚛ᣧߊ⋧ᚻߩᣇ߳ะ߈‫ޔ‬㋿ߢᛂ
ߜ㄰ߔߣᢼߩ಺ߩਅ஥㧔㧨޽ߏߩⵣ㧕ߦᒰߚࠅ࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Nj 137)
bak‫ޟ‬⢛ਛ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ฬ⹖ߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩり૕ㇱಽࠍ⴫ࠊߔ↪଀ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ⓨ㑆⊛߹ߚᤨ㑆
⊛ߥ೨ᓟ㑐ଥߦ᜛ᒛߐࠇߚ଀߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
- 67 -
(5)
gekk á
a. Hann
bak
húsum
[...]
he:NOM went on back:ACC houses:DAT
‫ޟ‬ᓐߪኅߩⵣ஥ߦ߹ࠊࠅ࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Gr 152)
b. [ . . . ] ætlar
eigi heim
fyrr
á
en
bak
jólunum ;
intends not homewards sooner than on back:ACC yule-the:DAT
‫ޟ‬㧔ᓐߪ㧕౻⥋⑂ߩᓟߢߥߌࠇ߫Ꮻߞߡߎߥ޿ߛࠈ߁‫(ޠޕ‬Gr 64)
߹ߚ‫ߦ⊛᧪ᧄޔ߇ࠆ޽ߪߢ߆ߕࠊޔ‬ή↢‛ߩㇱಽࠍ⴫ࠊߔฬ⹖߇ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߢୃ㘼ߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ଀߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(6)
Skalla-Grímr
í
sá
egg
øxinni ;
Skalla-Grimr:NOM saw in edge:ACC ax-the:DAT
‫ߪ࡞ࡓ࡯࡝ࠣ࡜࠶ࠞࠬޟ‬ᢼߩ಺ࠍ⷗ߟ߼ߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Eg 96)
(7)
hann
í
stakk sverðinu
bug
hringinum
he:NOM stuck sword-the:DAT in bight:ACC ring-the:DAT
at sér,
to
ok
dró
and
drew
[...]
himself:DAT
‫ޟ‬ᓐߪ೶ࠍ⣨ベߩౝ஥ߦㅢߒߡ⥄ಽߩᣇ߳ᒁ߈ነߖ࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Eg 144)
↢‛ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆฬ⹖ߢ‫ޔ‬líf‫ޟ‬๮‫ ߿ޠ‬hugr‫ޟ‬⠨߃‫ޟޔߚߞ޿ߣޠ‬ㇱಽ‫ߊߦࠇߐ⼂⹺ߪߣޠ‬
޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ᛽⽎⊛ߥ߽ߩߩ଀߽⧯ᐓ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(8)
Eða hvat villtu
nú
vinna til lífs
and what will.you now work
ek
gef
þér
þér,
Grettir,
ef
for life:GEN you:DAT Grettir:NOM if
líf ?
I:NOM give you:DAT life:ACC
‫߅߇⑳ߒ߽ޔࠃ࡞ࠖ࠹࠶࡟ࠣޟ‬೨ߩ๮ࠍഥߌߡ߿ࠆߥࠄ‫߅ޔ‬೨ߪ ⥄ಽߩ๮ߩߚ߼ߦ
૗ࠍߒࠃ߁ߣᕁ߁߆㧫‫(ޠ‬Gr 169)
(9)
[ . . . ], ok
hefi
ek
þat
helzt
í
hug
mér
at fara
and have I:NOM it:ACC most.of.all in mind:DAT me:DAT to go
ok
finna Hяskuld
and find
ok
beiða hann
Hяskuldr:ACC and ask
sonarbóta,
[...]
him:ACC son’s.compensation:GEN
‫࡮࡮࡮ޟ‬૗ߪߐߡ߅߈⑳ߪࡎࠬࠢ࡞࠼࠘࡞ߦળ޿ߦⴕ߈‫ޔ‬ᕷሶߩ⾩ఘࠍᓐߦ᳞߼ࠆ⠨
߃ߛ㧔㧨⑳ߩ⠨߃ߩਛߦ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧕࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Nj 38)
߹ߚ‫ޔ‬り૕ㇱಽ߿⴩㘃ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬േߊ‛߇↥಴ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߢ߽⸒߃ࠆ spor‫ޔߪߦޠ〔⿷ޟ‬
ganga í spor DAT
‘go in footsteps DAT’‫ޟ‬DAT ߩᓟࠍߟ޿ߡⴕߊ‫ޔ‬ᓥ߁‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᘠ↪ฏ
⊛⴫⃻߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
- 68 -
(10)
[ . . . ] enda
er þat œrit
besides is it
í
spor
eitt
til,
at
ek
vil
eigi ganga
sufficient one
for
that
I:NOM
will
not go
þrælum
þínum ;
in footsteps:ACC slaves:DAT your
‫ޔߦࠇߘ࡮࡮࡮ޟ‬ୋߪ߅೨ߩᅛ㓮ߚߜߦߟ޿ߡ㧔㧨߅೨ߩᅛ㓮ߚߜߩ⿷〔ࠍ㧕ⴕ߈
ߚߊߥ޿‫ߢߌߛߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬චಽߛ‫(ޠޕ‬Nj 48)
3.1.2
ធየㄉቯ౰⹖
೨⟎⹖ฏౝߢਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߩୃ㘼ࠍฃߌࠆฬ⹖ߪ‫ߩߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬႐ว‫ޔ‬ធየㄉቯ౰⹖ࠍ઻ࠊ
ߥ޿ᒻߢ⃻ࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ធየㄉቯ౰⹖߇ߟ޿ߚᒻ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬5 ଀ߩߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ℂ
↱ߦߟ޿ߡߪਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ ߩߘޔ‬5 ଀ߩ߁ߜ 3 ଀߇ háls‫ޟ‬㚂‫ޕߟ┙⋡߇ߩࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ᰴߦౕ
૕଀ࠍ᜼ߍߡ߅ߊ㧔໧㗴ߩ▎ᚲߩߺขࠅ಴ߒ‫ߪߢߎߎޔ‬ฬ⹖ᧄ૕ߣធየㄉቯ౰⹖ߩᒻᘒ⚛
Ⴚ⇇ࠍࡂࠗࡈࡦߢ␜ߔ㧕‫ޕ‬
(11)
a.
hjó
háls-inn
á
haugbúa-num
hewed on neck-the:ACC cairn.dweller-the:DAT
‫ޟ‬Ⴆߩ૑ੱ㧔ᐝ㔤㧕ߩ㚂ߦᢾࠅߟߌߚ‫( ޠ‬Gr 58, 㘃଀Nj 443)
b.
kom
á
háls-inn
Þorkatli
came on neck-the:ACC Þorkell:DAT
‫ޟ‬㧔೶߇㧕࠰࡞ࠤ࡞ߩ㚂ߦᒰߚߞߚ‫(ޠ‬Nj 158)
c.
kom
saxit
í
hяfuð-it
honum
came sword:NOM in head-the:ACC him:DAT
‫ޟ‬⍴೶߇ᓐߩ㗡ߦᒰߚߞߚ‫(ޠ‬Gr 155)
d.
þreif
til handar-innar
Eyjólfi
grasped to hand-the:GEN Eyjólfr:DAT
‫ߩ࡞ࡧ࡞࡯࡛ࠗࠛޟ‬ᚻࠍߟ߆ࠎߛ‫(ޠ‬Nj 368)
3.1.3
ฬ⹖ߩୃ㘼ᚑಽ
ߎߎߢߪਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߦࠃߞߡୃ㘼ߐࠇࠆฬ⹖ߦߟߊ‫ୃߩઁޔ‬㘼ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬
⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ‫ࠆࠇ⃻ޔ‬น⢻ᕈߩ޽ࠆୃ㘼ᚑಽߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬hœgri‫ޟ‬ฝ‫ޔޠ‬vinstri‫ޟ‬Ꮐ‫ޔޠ‬annarr
‫ઁޟ‬ᣇߩ‫ޔޠ‬hvárr‫․ޔߚߞ޿ߣޠߩࠇߙࠇߘޟ‬ቯߩ▸࿐ߢߩ㒢ቯࠍ⴫ࠊߔᒻኈ⹖߿‫ޔ‬ᢙ㊂
⹖ báðir‫ޟ‬ਔᣇ‫߷߶ߦޠ‬㒢ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(12)
a.
festi
hann
við
hœgri hяnd
fastened he:NOM against right
hand:ACC himself:DAT
‫ޟ‬㧔೶ࠍ㧕ᓐߪ⥄ಽߩฝᚻߦ࿕ቯߒߚ‫(ޠ‬Eg 209)
- 69 -
sér
b.
hann
vafði
mяttli
vinstri hяnd
um
he:NOM wrapped mantle:DAT around left
sér
hand:ACC himself:DAT
‫ޟ‬ᓐߪࡑࡦ࠻ࠍ⥄ಽߩᏀᚻߦᏎ߈ߟߌߚ‫(ޠ‬Nj 50)
c.
garðr
aðra
gekk á
hяnd
þeim
fence:NOM went on other hand:ACC them:DAT
‫ޟ‬၂ᩮߪᓐࠄߩ߽߁৻ᣇߩ஥㧔ᚻ㧕ߦ߽޽ߞߚ‫(ޠ‬Eg 115)
d.
spennti Egill
gullhring
hvára hяnd
á
clasped Egill:NOM gold.ring:ACC on each
honum
hand:ACC him:DAT
‫ߪ࡞ࠡࠛޟ‬ᓐ㧔ᚢᱫߒߚఱ㧕ߩਔ㧔ߘࠇߙࠇ㧕ߩᚻߦ㤛㊄ߩ⣨ベࠍߪ߼ߚ‫(ޠ‬Eg 142)
e.
Þórólfr
til beggja handa
sá
Þórólfr:NOM saw to both
sér
hands:GEN himself:DAT
‫⥄ߪ࡞ࡧ࡞࡯ࡠ࡯࠰ޟ‬ಽߩਔ஥㧔ᚻ㧕ߦ⋡ࠍ߿ߞߚ‫(ޠ‬Eg 40)
߿߿․ᱶߥ߽ߩߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬koma í opna skjяldu DAT
‘come into open shields DAT’‫ޟ‬DAT
ߩ஥㕙߆ࠄ㧔㧨⋫ߩ㐿޿ߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈ߳ะ߆ߞߡ㧕᡹᠄ߔࠆ‫․ޔ߁޿ߣޠ‬ቯߩᒻኈ⹖ߣߩ
⚿߮ߟ߈ߢᘠ↪ฏൻߒߚ⴫⃻߇޽ࠆ㧔଀ᢥ (3) ࠍෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
3.2 ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏ
ߎߎߢߪਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ฬ⹖ߩ⒳㘃 (3.2.1)‫ୃޔ‬㘼ᚑಽ (3.2.2)‫↢᦭ޔ‬ᕈ (3.2.3) ߦ
ߟ޿ߡ㗅ᰴᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
3.2.1
ฬ⹖ߩ⒳㘃
ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߩ⺆㘃ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ઍฬ⹖ߣ࿕᦭ฬ⹖㧔୘ੱฬ㧕߇࿶ୟ⊛ߦᄙ޿㧔ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ
଀ᢥࠍෳᾖ㧕‫߿ੱޕ‬േ‛ࠍ⴫ࠊߔ᥉ㅢฬ⹖߽⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔଀ᢥ (3), (11a) ࠍෳᾖ㧕‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬
᥉ㅢฬ⹖߇⃻ࠇࠆ႐ว‫߇ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬ធየㄉቯ౰⹖߆หᩰߩઍฬ⹖ࠍ઻ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᒻᘒ⊛ߦ
߽ᗧ๧⊛ߦ߽‫ߩߎޔ‬૏⟎ߦ⃻ࠇࠆฬ⹖㘃ߪේೣߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬ቯ‫ޕࠆ߃⸒ߣࠆ޽ߢޠ‬
3.2.2
ୃ㘼ᚑಽ
ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏࠍୃ㘼ߔࠆᚑಽ߇޽ࠆߩߪ߹ࠇߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒻኈ⹖߇ߟ޿ߚ߽ߩߪ⷗ߟ߆ࠄߥ߆
ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ዻᩰߩฬ⹖ߢୃ㘼ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ଀ߪ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
(13) Jarlinn
segir, at
jarl-the:NOM says
skatt
ok
hann
hefði af
that he:NOM had
fengit í
hяndum
off hands:DAT paid
sendimяnnum
hendr
greitt allan
all
konungs ;
tribute:ACC and given in hands:ACC messengers:DAT king:GEN
‫ޟ‬୥ߪ‫ߡߴߔߪ‛⽸ޔ‬ᡰᛄ޿ᷣߺߢ‫૶ߩ₺ޔ‬⠪ߚߜ㧔ߩᚻ㧕ߦᷰߒߡ޽ࠆ‫ޠ߁⸒ߣޔ‬
(Eg 232)
- 70 -
ୃ㘼ᚑಽߢߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬หᩰߢ㐳޿ੱฬߥߤ߇⃻ࠇߡਈᩰฬ⹖ฏ⥄૕߇㐳ߊߥࠆߎߣߪࠃ
ߊ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(14) Hér set ek
upp níðstяng,
here set I:NOM up
Eiríki
hяnd
ok
sný
ek þessu níði
pole.of.insult:ACC and turn I
konungi
ok
Gunnhildi
this
á
insult:DAT on
dróttningu, [ . . . ]
hand:ACC Eiríkr:DAT king:DAT and Gunnhildr:DAT queen:DAT
‫ߪ⑳ߦߎߎޟ‬ଗㄗߩᩇࠍ┙ߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬ଗㄗࠍࠛࠗ࡝࡯ࠢ࡞₺ߣ₺ᅥࠣࡦࡅ࡞࠼࠘࡞㧔ߩ
ᚻ㧕ߦะߌࠆ࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Eg 171)
3.2.3
᦭↢ᕈ
ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߣߒߡ⃻ࠇࠆߩߪ‫↢᦭ߦ⥸৻ޔ‬ᕈ߇ᦨ߽㜞޿ߣߐࠇࠆੱ㑆ࠍᜰ␜ߔࠆฬ⹖㘃
߇࿶ୟ⊛ߦᄙ޿߇‫↢᦭ޔ‬ᕈߩ㜞ߐߪ⛘ኻ⊛ߥ೙⚂ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᰴߪേ‛ࠍ⴫ࠊߔ᥉ㅢฬ⹖ߩ
଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(15)
ҏnundr
ór
Trяllaskógi
hjó
með øxi
í
hяfuð
ҏnundr:NOM from Trяllaskógr:DAT hewed with ax:DAT in head:ACC
hundinum,
[...]
dog-the:DAT
‫࡞ࠣ࡯ࠦࠬ࡜࠶ࡠ࠻ޟ‬㧔࿾ฬ㧕ߩࠝ࠿ࡦ࠼࠘࡞ߪᢼߢ›ߩ㗡ߦᢾࠅߟߌ࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Nj 186)
ߔߢߦᱫࠎߢ޿ࠆੱ㑆ߢ߽‫ޔ‬ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߣߒߡ⴫ࠊߐࠇࠆ㧔଀ᢥ (12d) ߽ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
(16)
Hjó
hann
þá
á
háls
Gretti
tvau hяgg
hewed he:NOM then on neck:ACC Grettir:DAT two
áðr
eða þrjú,
blows or
three
af tœki hяfuðit.
until off took
head-the:ACC
‫ߡߒ߁ߘޟ‬ᓐߪ㧔ߔߢߦᱫࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧕ࠣ࡟࠶࠹ࠖ࡞ߩ㚂ߦ‫ޔ‬㗡ࠍಾࠅ㔌ߔ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ੑ
ᐲਃᐲߣᢾࠅߟߌߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Gr 262)
߹ߚ‫ޔ‬3.1.1 ߢ⸒෸ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ోߩ‛ޔ‬૕ߣㇱಽߩ଀ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰὼ‫ޔ‬ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߪή↢‛
ߢ޽ࠆ㧔଀ᢥ (4), (6), (7) ࠍෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
3.3 ೨⟎⹖ߩ⒳㘃ߣᗧ๧․ᓽ
ߎߎߢߪ↪଀ߦ⃻ࠇߚ೨⟎⹖ߩ⒳㘃 (3.3.1) ߣ‫ޔ‬೨⟎⹖ฏߩᗧ๧․ᓽ (3.3.2) ߦߟ޿ߡ
ᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
3.3.1
೨⟎⹖ߩ⒳㘃
໧㗴ߣߥࠆ೨⟎⹖ฏߪ‫ޔ‬േ⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߩᜰ␜‛߿േ૞ߘߩ߽ߩ߇ะ߆߁ᣇะࠍ⴫ࠊߔ႐
ว߇․ߦᄙߊ‫ޔ‬േ૞ߩ⿠ὐࠍ⴫ࠊߔ଀߽ᄙ޿‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㕒⊛ߥ႐ᚲࠍ⴫ࠊߔߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆ
- 71 -
߽ߩߪዋߥ޿‫ߣߣߎߩߎޕ‬ኻᔕߒߡ‫ޔ‬ะ߆߁ᣇะࠍ⴫ࠊߔ೨⟎⹖߿‫⿠ޔ‬ὐࠍ⴫ࠊߔ೨⟎⹖
ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ ⴫ޕࠆ޿ߡࠇ⃻ߡߴߔ߷߶߇ߩ߽ࠆࠇߐ↪૶ߦ⥸৻ޔ‬1 ߪ‫ߚ߈ߢ⹺⏕߇଀↪ޔ‬
೨⟎⹖ߩ৻ⷩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨⟎⹖ߣ⚿߮ߟߊฬ⹖ߩᩰ߽วࠊߖߡ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬fyrir framan ACC‫ޟ‬㨪
ߩ೨ࠍ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩޠ‬ੑ⺆߆ࠄᚑࠆ೨⟎⹖߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ ↪଀ߦ⃻ࠇߚ೨⟎⹖ߩ৻ⷩ
af DAT ‫ޟ‬㨪߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߡ‫ޠ‬
í ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩਛߦ‫ޠ‬
at DAT ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩᣇ߳‫ޠ‬
í gegnum ACC‫ޟ‬㨪ࠍㅢㆊߒߡ‫ޠ‬
á ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ਄ߦ‫ޠ‬
í milli GEN ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ㑆ߦ‫ޠ‬
á DAT ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ਄ߢ‫ޠ‬
ór DAT ‫ޟ‬㨪㧔ߩਛ㧕߆ࠄ‫ޠ‬
á milli GEN ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ㑆ߦ‫ޠ‬
til GEN ‫ޟ‬㨪߳ะ߆ߞߡ‫ޠ‬
frá DAT
um ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ߹ࠊࠅࠍ‫ޠ‬
‫ޟ‬㨪㧔ߩ⴫㕙㧕߆ࠄ‫ޠ‬
fyrir ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ೨ߦ‫ޠ‬
undan DAT ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩਅ߆ࠄ‫ޠ‬
fyrir DAT ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ೨ߢ‫ޔ‬㨪ߩ೨߳‫ޠ‬
undir DAT ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩਅߦ‫ޠ‬
fyrir framan ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ೨ࠍ‫ޠ‬
við ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩߣߎࠈߢ‫ޠ‬
fyrir neðan ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩਅࠍ‫ޠ‬
yfir ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ਄ߦ‫ޠ‬
fyrir ofan ACC ‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ਄ࠍ‫ޠ‬
৻⥸ߦࠃߊ૶↪ߐࠇࠆ೨⟎⹖ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬eptir DAT‫ޟ‬㨪ߩ޽ߣࠍ‫ޔ‬㨪ߦᴪߞߡ‫ޔޠ‬hjá DAT
‫ޟ‬㨪ߩߣߎࠈߢ‫ޔޠ‬með DAT‫ޟ‬㨪ߣ౒ߦ‫ޕߚߞ߆ߥࠄ߆ߟ⷗ߪ଀ߩߤߥޠ‬
3.3.2
೨⟎⹖ฏߩᗧ๧․ᓽ
ߎߎߢߪ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߣߥࠆ೨⟎⹖ฏ߇⴫ࠊߔᗧ๧ߦᵈ⋡ߒ‫ޔ‬േ૞ߩะ߆߁ᣇะࠍ⴫ࠊߔ߽ߩ
(3.3.2.1)‫ޔ‬േ૞ߩ⿠ὐࠍ⴫ࠊߔ߽ߩ (3.3.2.2)‫ޔ‬㕒⊛ߥ႐ᚲࠍ⴫ࠊߔ߽ߩ (3.3.2.3) ‫ ߩޔ‬3
ߟߦಽߌߡ଀ࠍ᜼ߍߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬
3.3.2.1 േ૞ߩะ߆߁ᣇะࠍ⴫ࠊߔ߽ߩ
໧㗴ߣߥࠆ೨⟎⹖ฏߩ㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊߪ‫ޔ‬േ⹖߇⴫ࠊߔേ૞޽ࠆ޿ߪേ૞ߩ⋡⊛⺆߇ะ߆ߞ
ߡ޿ߊᣇะࠍ⴫ࠊߔ㧔଀ᢥ (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (10), (13), (14), (15), (16) ߽ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
(17)
Grettir
setti þá
Grettir:NOM set
þegar
stóð
í
sяmu øxi
í
hяfuð
honum ,
svá at
then same ax:ACC in head:ACC him:DAT so
that
heila ;
at.once stood in brain:DAT
㧔ᢼߪ㧕ߚߜ߹ߜ⣖
‫ߩߘߪ࡞ࠖ࠹࠶࡟ࠣࠄ߆ࠇߘޟ‬หߓᢼࠍᓐߩ㗡ߦᛂߜߟߌࠆߣ‫ޔ‬
ᄤߦ⓭߈┙ߞߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Gr 46)
- 72 -
3.3.2.2 േ૞ߩ⿠ὐࠍ⴫ࠊߔ߽ߩ
೨⟎⹖ฏ߇േ૞ߩ⿠ὐࠍ⴫ࠊߔ߽ߩ߽ᄙ޿㧔଀ᢥ (1) ߽ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
(18)
Þeir Ásgrímr litu
til hans, ok var andlit hans at sjá sem á
they Ásgrímr looked at him
sæi, en
hraut ór
stórt hagl
saw and big
and was face
hail:NOM fell
his
augum
blóð
to see as.if on blood
honum ;
from eyes:DAT him:DAT
‫߇ߜߚ࡞ࡓ࡯࡝ࠣࠬ࡯ࠕޟ‬ᓐߩᣇࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᓐߩ㗻ߪ߹ࠆߢⴊߩਛߦ⷗ࠆࠃ߁ߢ㧔⌀
ߞ⿒ߢ㧕‫ޔ‬ᓐߩਔ⋡߆ࠄᄢ߈ߥ㔘㧔ߩࠃ߁ߥᶡ㧕߇ߎ߷ࠇߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Nj 378)
3.3.2.3 㕒⊛ߥ႐ᚲࠍ⴫ࠊߔ߽ߩ
ᢙߪᲧセ⊛ዋߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬㕒⊛ߥ੐‛ߩ޽ࠆ႐ᚲߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆ೨⟎⹖ฏ߽޽ࠅ‫ޟޔ‬ᜬߟ‫ߣޠ‬
߁ᗧ๧ߩേ⹖ߣߣ߽ߦ⃻ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿㧔଀ᢥ (9) ߽ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
(19)
ҏngull
kvazk eigi kunna
fish.hook said
sér ,
er
at eiga
þenna mann
not be.able to possess this
engum tryggðum
himself:DAT that no
vildi
yfir
hяfði
man:ACC over head:DAT
lofa
eða heita
faiths:DAT would promise or
þeim.
pledge them:DAT
‫ޟ‬㊒ࠅ㊎㧔✌ฬ㧕ߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߚߜߦኻߒߡ૗ߩ⹿޿߽⚂᧤ߔࠆ᳇߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ⠪ࠍ⋧
ᚻߦߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔㧨⥄ಽߩ㗡ߩ਄ߦᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ㧕ࠊߌߦߪ޿߆ߥ޿ߣ⸒ߞߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Gr 263)
ਈᩰ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿଀
ߎߩ▵ߢߪ‫ޔࠅߥ⇣ߪߣ଀ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߣߒߡり૕ฬ⒓ߥߤߩ‫ޟ‬ㇱಽ‫ޠ‬
㧚㧚
߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᜬߜਥ߇‫⋥ޔ‬ᓟߦ⟎߆ࠇࠆਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߢ⴫ࠊߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿
଀ߦߟ޿ߡ⸅ࠇߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ᜬߜਥߩ⴫␜ߩ޽ࠆ଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᚲ᦭ᒻኈ⹖࡮ዻᩰߦࠃࠆ⴫⃻ (4.1)‫ޔ‬
೨⟎⹖ฏߦࠃࠆ⴫⃻ (4.2)‫ୃ ޔߡߒߘޔ‬㘼ᚑಽߣߒߡᜬߜਥ߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿଀ (4.3)‫ߩޔ‬㗅
ߦขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬
4.1 ᚲ᦭ᒻኈ⹖࡮ዻᩰߦࠃࠆ⴫⃻
ᚲ᦭ᒻኈ⹖㧔‫ޟ‬ᚲ᦭ઍฬ⹖‫߽ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ㧕߿ዻᩰߦࠃࠆ⴫⃻ߪ‫ߦ⥸৻ޔ‬ᜬߜਥࠍ⴫ࠊߔ
ߩߦᦨ߽ᐢߊ૶↪ߐࠇࠆᚻᲑߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߣߥࠆり૕ฬ⒓ࠍୃ㘼ߔࠆᚑಽߣ
ߒߡ಴⃻ߔࠆߩߪ⒘ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ᚲ᦭ᒻኈ⹖ߣዻᩰߪ⋧⵬⊛ߦಽᏓߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᚲ᦭ᒻኈ
⹖ߪ 1࡮2 ੱ⒓߅ࠃ߮ 3 ੱ⒓ౣᏫᒻߩߺ߇ሽ࿷ߒ‫ޔ‬3 ੱ⒓ઍฬ⹖ࠍ฽߻ߘߩઁߩฬ⹖㘃ߩᚲ
᦭ࠍ⴫ࠊߔᒻᑼߣߒߡߪዻᩰ߇૶↪ߐࠇࠆ‫(ޕ‬20) ߪᚲ᦭ᒻኈ⹖㧔3 ੱ⒓ౣᏫ㧕ߩ଀㧔଀ᢥ
(2) ߩ ór hári þínu‫߅ޟ‬೨ߩ㜬߆ࠄ‫߽ޠ‬ෳᾖ㧕‫(ޔ‬21) ߪዻᩰߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(20)
Grettir
spyrndi við
Grettir:NOM kicked
sínum ok
fœti
with foot:DAT his
- 73 -
and
[...]
‫ߪ࡞ࠖ࠹࠶࡟ࠣޟ‬㧔⮌ࠍ㧕⥄ಽߩ⿷ߢなࠅ࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Gr 250)
(21)
flяt ok
[ . . . ] snerisk hon
stяkk
af
trénu
ok
á
fót
turned it:NOM flat and leaped off tree-the:DAT and on foot:ACC
Grettis
inn hœgra
fyrir ofan
Grettir:GEN the right:ACC above
kné,
[...]
knee:ACC
‫ࠇߘޟ‬㧔ᛂߜߟߌߚᢼ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔࠄߦߥߞߡᧁ߆ࠄ〡ߨ‫ߩ࡞ࠖ࠹࠶࡟ࠣޔ‬ฝ⿷ߩ⤒ߩ
਄ߦ㘧߮࡮࡮࡮‫(ޠ‬Gr 251)
4.2 ೨⟎⹖ฏߦࠃࠆ⴫⃻
೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߢ޽ࠆり૕ฬ⒓ߦ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᜬߜਥࠍ⴫ࠊߔ೨⟎⹖ฏ߇ઃടߐࠇߡ⴫⃻ߐ
ࠇࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(22)
Hann
spratt
upp
ór
rúminu
ok
greip
spjótit
he:NOM sprang up
from bed-the:DAT and grasped spear-the
Skarpheðinsnaut
tveim hяndum
Skarpheðinsnautr:ACC two
á
ok
rak
í
gegnum fótinn
hands:DAT and drove in through foot-the:ACC
sér.
on himself:DAT
‫ޟ‬ᓐߪࡌ࠶࠼߆ࠄ㘧߮⿠߈‫ޔ‬᭶ࠬࠞ࡞ࡊࡋࠫࡦࠬ࠽࠙࠻࠘࡞㧔᭶ߩฬ㧕ࠍਔᚻߢߟ
߆߻ߣ㧔ߘࠇࠍ㧕⥄ಽߩ㧔⴫㕙ߩ㧕⿷ߦ⓭߈ೝߒߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Nj 402)
9
4.3 ୃ㘼ᚑಽߣߒߡᜬߜਥ߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿଀
േ⹖ߣ⚿߮ߟߊਥⷐߥ㗄ߣߒߡᜬߜਥ߇ห৻ᢥਛߦ⃻ࠇ‫ޔ‬り૕ㇱಽߩୃ㘼ᚑಽߣߒߡߪ
ᜬߜਥߩ⴫␜߇ߥ޿଀߇޽ࠆ‫଀ޕ‬ᢥ (23) ߪ⢻േᢥߢ‫(ޔ‬24) ߪฃേᢥߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
(23)
Þá
reddisk
Þorvaldr
ok
laust
hana
í
andlitit ,
[...]
then got.angry Þorvaldr:NOM and struck her:ACC in face-the:ACC
‫ߪ࡞࠘࠼࡞ࠔࡧ࡞࠰ߣࠆߔޟ‬ᔶߞߡᓐᅚߩ㗻ࠍᲐࠅ‫(ޠ࡮࡮࡮ޔ‬Nj 33)
(24)
[ . . . ] hann
var
skotinn í
he:NOM was shot
handlegg, [ . . . ]
in arm:ACC
‫࡮࡮࡮ޟ‬ᓐߪ⣨ࠍ኿ࠄࠇ‫(ޠ࡮࡮࡮ޔ‬Nj 404)
਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬േ⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߩ૏⟎ߦᜬߜਥ߇⃻ࠇ㧔ኻᔕߔࠆฃേᢥߢߪਥ⺆ߩ૏⟎㧕‫ޔ‬
೨⟎⹖ฏߢߘߩㇱಽࠍⷙቯߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⴫⃻ߪ‫ޔ‬ᛂ᠄ߥ޿ߒធ⸅ߩᗧ๧ߩേ⹖ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆߣ
੍᷹ߐࠇࠆ㧔⃻ઍࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩߎ߁ߒߚ⴫⃻ߦߟ޿ߡߪ౉ᳯ 1998 ࠍෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߣߒߡᜬߜਥ߇⃻ࠇ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬り૕ㇱಽ߇೨⟎⹖ฏߢઃടߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ଀߽
޽ࠆ߇‫⃻ޔ‬ઍࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߢߪਇน⢻ߥ⴫⃻ߢ޽ࠆ (౉ᳯ 1998: 268)‫ޕ‬
- 74 -
(25)
Egill
til hans
hjó
á
яxlina ,
ok
beit ekki
Egill:NOM hewed to him:GEN on shoulder-the:ACC and bit
not
sverðit ;
sword:NOM
‫ߪ࡞ࠡࠛޟ‬ᓐߩ⢋ߦᢾࠅߟߌߚ߇‫ޔ‬೶ߪ㘩޿ㄟ߹ߥ߆ߞߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Eg 209)
ੱ‛ࠍਥ⺆ߣߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬り૕⊛․ᓽࠍឬ౮ߔࠆᢥߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬り૕ߩߤߩㇱಽߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߣޔ‬
޿߁ߎߣࠍ․ቯߔࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬り૕ฬ⒓ߦߪㅢᏱ‫ୃޔ‬㘼ᚑಽ߇ߟ߆ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
(26)
en er
hann
var hálfþrítøgr at aldri, þá
but when he:NOM was half.thirty at age
í
hærur
hafði
then had
hann
he:NOM
hяfði ;
grey.hair:ACC in head:DAT
‫ߒ߆ߒޟ‬ᓐߪ 25 ᱦߩ㗃‫ޔ‬㗡ߦ⊕㜬߇޽ߞߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Gr 26)
ਥ⺆⥄り߇ㅢᏱりߦߟߌࠆ⴩㘃ߥߤࠍ⴫ࠊߔ႐ว߽‫ޔ‬り૕ㇱಽࠍୃ㘼ߔࠆᚑಽߪ⃻ࠇߥ
޿ߎߣ߇ᄙ޿߇‫ޔ‬ౣᏫઍฬ⹖ߩਈᩰߢᜬߜਥߩ⴫␜߇ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫଀ޕ‬ᢥ (27) ߪୃ
㘼ᚑಽ߇૗߽ߟ޿ߡ޿ߥ޿଀ߢ‫(ޔ‬28) ߪ 3 ੱ⒓ౣᏫઍฬ⹖ࠍ઻ߞߡ޿ࠆ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓟ⠪ߩ
଀ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬േ߈ߩ޽ࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᜬߜਥߩਈᩰ߇⃻ࠇ߿ߔ޿ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬
(27)
Berserkrinn
sat á
hesti
ok
hafði hjálm
berserk-the:NOM sat on horse:DAT and had
ok
ekki spennt
and not
á
hяfði
helm:ACC on
head:DAT
kinnbjяrgunum ;
clasped cheek.guards:DAT
‫᥸⁅ޟ‬ᚢ჻ߪ㚍ߦ߹ߚ߇ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠍ౅ޔ‬㗡ߦ߆߱ߞߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬㗠޽ߡߪ⇐߼ߡ޿ߥ
߆ߞߚ‫(ޠޕ‬Gr 135)
(28)
hann tók
he
skjяld
sinn ok
took shield:ACC his
ҏlvisnaut ,
setr hjálm
gyrði
sik
sverðinu
and girded himself:ACC sword-the:DAT
á
hяfuð
sér ,
[...]
ҏlvisnautr:DAT sets helm:ACC on head:ACC himself:DAT
‫ޟ‬ᓐߪ⥄ಽ ߩ⋫ࠍขࠅ ‫ޔ‬೶ࠝ࡞ࡧ ࠖࠬ࠽࠙࠻ ࠘࡞ࠍᏪ߮ ‫⥄ ࠍ౅ޔ‬ಽ ߩ㗡ߦ ߆߱
ࠅ‫(ޠ࡮࡮࡮ޔ‬Nj 136)
߅ࠊࠅߦ
એ਄‫ޔ‬ฎࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩㅪ૕ୃ㘼ߩਈᩰ߇⃻ࠊࠇࠆ೨⟎⹖ฏߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜ
ߩਛᔃߢ޽ࠆ╙ 3 ▵ߩⷐὐࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬೨⟎⹖ߩ⋡⊛⺆ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦり૕ฬ⒓߿‛
ߩㇱಽࠍ⴫ࠊߔ᥉ㅢฬ⹖߇⃻ࠇ (3.1.1)‫ޔ‬ធየㄉቯ౰⹖߇ߟߊߩߪ⒘ߢ޽ࠅ (3.1.2)‫ୃޔ‬㘼
- 75 -
ᚑಽ߇⃻ࠊࠇࠆ႐วߪ‫ޟ‬ฝ‫ޟޠ‬Ꮐ‫ߩߤߥޠ‬㒢ቯߩ⴫⃻ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ (3.1.3)‫ޕ‬ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߦߟ
޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ઍฬ⹖߿࿕᦭ฬ⹖㧔ੱฬ㧕߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬ᒻᘒ⊛࡮ᗧ๧⊛ߦ‫ޟ‬ቯ‫( ࠅ޽ߢޠ‬3.2.1)‫ୃޔ‬㘼
ᚑಽߣߒߡߪዻᩰฬ⹖ߩ଀ߒ߆ߥߊ (3.2.2)‫ޔ‬ᗧ๧⊛ߦ᦭↢ᕈߩ㜞޿߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿߇‫ߢ߁ߘޔ‬
ߥ޿଀߽޽ࠆ (3.2.3)‫ޕ‬೨⟎⹖ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬േ૞ߩะ߆߁ᣇะ߿⿠ὐࠍ⴫ࠊߔ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿
(3.3)‫ ╙ޕ‬4 ▵ߢߪ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢᬌ⸛ߒߚਈᩰߣ┹วߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⴫⃻ࠍ᜼ߍߚ߇‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬಴⃻
᧦ઙߩ⹦⚦ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬
ᵈ
* ᧄⓂߪ‫ޔ‬㊄ᴛᄢቇᐔᚑ 18 ᐕᐲቇ㐳ᚢ⇛⚻⾌㧔⧯ᚻߩ⪚⧘⊛⎇ⓥ㧕‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળ
ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ (㧯)‫⺖ޔ‬㗴⇟ภ 19520335‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⺖㗴‫ޟ‬ฎࠕࠗࠬ
࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆᚲ᦭⴫⃻ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧕ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
1
ࠥ࡞ࡑࡦ♽ߩ⸒⺆‫ޕ‬ฬ⹖㘃ߦߪᒻᘒ⺰⊛ߥᩰߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਥᩰ࡮ኻᩰ࡮ਈᩰ࡮ዻᩰߩ඙೎߇޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬ⹖ߦߪធየㄉቯ౰⹖߇ߟ޿ߚᒻ߇޽ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᒻࠍᧄⓂߢߪ⧷⺆ߩࠣࡠࠬߢ̈-thẻ
ߣ⴫␜ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ਇቯ౰⹖ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬න⚐ᤨ೙ߪ⃻࿷ߣㆊ෰‫ޕ‬
2
ᧄⓂߢ૶↪ߔࠆ⇛ภߪᰴߩㅢࠅ㧦NOM = nominative ਥᩰ, ACC = accusative ኻᩰ, DAT =
dative ਈᩰ, GEN = genitive ዻᩰ‫ޕ‬
3
⃻ઍࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߢ߽೨⟎⹖ฏౝߩฬ⹖ฏࠍୃ㘼ߔࠆਈᩰ߇⃻ࠇࠆ߇‫(ޔ‬i) ߎߩਈᩰ߇૶
↪ߐࠇࠆߩߪࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡞ߥᢥ૕ߦ㒢ࠄࠇ‫(ޔ‬ii) ਈᩰߩୃ㘼ࠍฃߌࠆߩߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਈᩰฬ⹖ฏ
ߣ⼑ᷰਇน⢻ᚲ᦭ߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆり૕ฬ⒓ߦ߶߷㒢ቯߐࠇ‫(ޔ‬iii) ߎߩ⒳ߩ⴫⃻ߦߪ hafa allt
á hornum sér ‘have all on horns oneself:DAT’ ‫ޟ‬㧔ߔߴߡࠍ⥄ಽߩⷺߦ߆ߌࠆ㧪㧕ߔߴߡ
ߦᛕ್⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬ਇḩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩޠ‬ᘠ↪ฏߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ‫߇ߣߎߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬
వⴕ⎇ⓥߢᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ (Einarsson 1945: 111, Þráinsson 2005: 217-219)‫ޕ‬
4
Íslendinga sögur: Orðstöðulykill og texti. Reykjavík: Mál og menning, 1996. ߚߛߒ‫ߎޔ‬
ߩ㔚ሶ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߪ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢᒁ↪ߒߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆೀᧄࠍᐩᧄߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫⃻߽ࠅ✄ޔ‬
ઍ⺆㘑ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
5
଀߃߫‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ଀‫ޕ‬
Þar
fylgði
mikill verkr, svá at
there accompanied great
ok
eigi kom honum
pain
so
svefn
hann
mátti hvergi
kyrr þola,
that he:NOM could not-at-all still
á
endure
auga.
and not came him:DAT sleep:NOM on eye:ACC
‫ߦࠇߘޟ‬ᄢᄌߥ∩ߺ߇઻޿‫ޔ‬ᓐߪߓߞߣ⠴߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߕ‫ߚߞ߆ߥ߈ߢ߽⌧৻ޔ‬㧔㧨ᓐ
ߦߪ⋡ߦ⌁ࠅ߇᧪ߥ߆ߞߚ㧕‫(ޠޕ‬Gr 252)
- 76 -
6
ߜߥߺߦ⃻ઍࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ዻᩰᡰ㈩ߩ೨⟎⹖ til ߣ⚿߮ߟ޿ߚ‫ޟ‬ᚻ‫ⶄߩޠ‬ᢙዻᩰ
ᒻߦ↱᧪ߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ handa ߇‫ߢߌߛࠇߎޔ‬㧔೨⟎⹖ࠍ઻ࠊߕ㧕‫ޟ‬㨪ߩߚ߼ߩ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬
ਈᩰᡰ㈩ߩ೨⟎⹖ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
7
kinnbein‫߅߶ޟ‬㛽‫ߪߢ଀↪ߩߎޔ߇ߚߞ޽߇଀↪ߩޠ‬㗻ߩ⴫㕙ߩ߶߅㛽ߩᒛߞߡ޿ࠆㇱಽ
ࠍߐߔ㧦 setti halann á kinnbein Þorbirni ‘put peg on cheek.bone:ACC Þorbjяrn:DAT’
‫ޟ‬㧔࠴ࠚࠬߩ㚤ߩ㧕⍹⓭ߢ࠰࡞ࡆ࡚࡞ࡦߩ߶߅㛽ࠍ⓭޿ߚ‫(ޠ‬Gr 227)‫ޕ‬
8
⴩㘃ߩ଀ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬Nygaard (1905: 99) ߽ Faarlund (2004: 171) ߽‫ ޔ‬taka þorn einn ór
serk sér ‘take thorn:ACC one from skirt:DAT oneself:DAT’‫⥄ޟ‬ಽߩ⡼⌕߆ࠄ৻ᧄߩ᫚ࠍ
ขࠆ‫࡜ࠣࡦ࡝ࠢࠬࡓࠗࡋޔ߁޿ߣޠ‬Heimskringla߆ࠄߩหߓ଀ࠍ৻ߟߛߌ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
9
sér ߪ 3 ੱ⒓ౣᏫઍฬ⹖ߩਈᩰ‫⃻ޕ‬ઍࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߢߪ‫ޔ‬höndin á mér ‘hand-the on me’
‫ߩ⑳ޟ‬ᚻ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩޠ‬り૕ㇱಽߩᜬߜਥࠍ೨⟎⹖ฏߢ⴫␜ߔࠆ⴫⃻߇㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊߥߞߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᒁ↪૞ຠ
[Gr] Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar. In: Jónsson, Guðni (ed.) (1936) Íslenzk fornrit VII.
Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag.
[Eg] Nordal, Sigurður (ed.) (1933) Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar . Íslenzk fornrit II.
Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag.
[Nj] Sveinsson, Einar Ól. (ed.) (1954) Brennu-Njáls saga. Íslenzk fornrit XII. Reykjavík:
Hið íslenzka fornritafélag.
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
Einarsson, Stefán (1945) Icelandic: grammar, texts, glossary . Baltimore: The Johns
Hopkins University Press [9th printing, 1986].
Faarlund, Jan Terje (2004) The Syntax of Old Norse: With a Survey of the Inflectional
Morphology and a Complete Bibliography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
౉ᳯᶈม (1998) ‫⃻ޟ‬ઍࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩ̌John kissed Mary on the cheek̍࠲ࠗࡊߩ᭴ᢥ‫ޠ‬
‫᧲ޡ‬੩ᄢቇ⸒⺆ቇ⺰㓸‫ޢ‬17: 263-293.
Nygaard, M. (1905) Norrøn syntax. Kristiania: Aschehoug.
Þráinsson, Höskuldur (ed.) (2005) Setningar. Íslensk tunga III. Reykjavík: Almenna
bókafélagið.
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೎⴫ ೨⟎⹖ฏౝߢਈᩰฬ⹖ฏߩୃ㘼ࠍฃߌࠆฬ⹖ߩ৻ⷩ
ฬ⹖
ᗧ๧
hяnd
hяfuð
bak
fótr
herðar
auga
háls
fang
kné
brjóst
munnr
яxl
belti
andlit
eyra
kverk
lær
líf
hugr
síða
skegg
skjяldr
þjó
armleggr
bogastrengr
bringa
bugr
egg
enni
fingr
hæll
handarkriki
handarstúfr
handleggr
hяfðahlutr
il
kinn
kinnbein
lend
lófi
spor
tяnn
úlfliðr
ᚻ
㗡
⢛ਛ‫ޔ‬⢛ᓟ
⿷
⢋
⋡
㚂
߰ߣߎࠈ
⤒
⢷
ญ
⢋‫ޔ‬⢋వ
ࡌ࡞࠻
㗻
⡊
༄㧔޽ߏߩⵣ㧕
⣽
๮
⠨߃‫ޔ‬ᔃ
⣁⣻‫ޔ‬஥㕙
㜯
⋫
ዥ‫ޔ‬ᄥ⣽
਄⣨
ᑿߩᒏ
⢷ㇳ
ḧᦛㇱ‫ޔ‬ౝ஥
಺‫ߤ߆ޔ‬
߭ߚ޿
ᜰ
߆߆ߣ
߭ߓߩౝ஥
⣨ߩᢿ┵㧔ಾᢿㇱ㧕
⣨
㗡஥ߩㇱಽ㧔਄ඨり㧕
⿷ߩⵣ
㗠
߶߅㛽
㧔㚍ߩ㧕ዥ‫ޔ‬⣶
ᚻߩ߭ࠄ
⿷〔‫〔゠ޔ‬
ᱤ
ᚻ㚂
✚⸘
Eg
34
4
9
10
3
1
1
1
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
↪଀ᢙ
Nj
Gr
93
27
29
23
10
20
6
5
1
7
7
1
5
3
1
5
1
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
5
2
2
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
80
1
1
1
1
187
1
1
1
1
114
ว⸘
154
56
39
21
11
9
9
7
7
6
6
6
5
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
381
㈩೉ߪ↪଀ᢙߩᄙ޿㗅‫଀↪ޕ‬ᢙ߇หߓ႐วߪࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅‫ޕ‬
- 78 -