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The Pierre Auger 計画による最高エネルギー宇宙線観測
ῌ The Pierre Auger 658ῌ8501 8ῌ9ῌ1 e-mail: [email protected] !"#$%&'()*+,-. /0.1234 5.6)789:9;.<= the Pierre Auger >?'@)A,-. B>?CD EF'GHIJK,6 EFL MNOPQRS,T'U'VW ,L AXYZ[\]^Z_'J`,6 >?EFH-ab5. -v^_~B@), & !" 1. s\4 'XKtQHDFv !"#$%&'()*+, '-. v^_&v 1020 eV -[)+)[, P2O&t7 562789:; ]w*@sB[&vfQ[& <=>(?@)@AB2/C?3*+, DE 3 ^_&V ^_&DF# FGH-9:+I1J?)KL/MN4 A& {&1& ¡¢[, /0 123*+14 O1+=PQ&RS/RT?>PB@) +, T&UV-DEFG&W/)XY 2. #$ &Z[\], ^_X`-'XKS=a@) ^_1PB+&- 1912 V. F. Hess , ^_X`b)@4 cBcBd-P? 1Z'£*@¤}`¥?+&1¦[ efghHij#klm21TXK?@) PB@), §3T 100 ¨&sH- XY&S]2;&[, no&p=& ©ªH, -«¬=¤}&® S]29:+I1qr*@), s&t-u 1¯s?4 PT°!U±²³1 D#$vwxyz27%{9:1)@4 ^ s1T3PB+, ^_1^_3T _|}~BZ&tHU?@), @)s1´PB+&H, ABµ^_ cBcB-.[vvS=?@)2), -P.¶.2s\HX`PB PB@q+, no&pq21T9:+I&U&t3 A& -·O&3T"#.H$M), S]?@), 7qDF1 1938 ¸DF%&d Pierre Auger S QHq@*=/, s&DFv /¬Z¹º»1PB+, v 256 "#¼% 2008 5 ¼ C. PQ9.RC STU".V ! ]WaIJ9R8C.2) 3 DY9M "#$%&'()* 1962 XYZ[9:!"#$%&.$ + J. Linsley ,-./$01234 \R8C* YZJV4Q 5678.&9::!" VIJ (AGASA) CD8*; #$%;<8* =>34 + 100 km2 d<9 C:Y9\: /$? :!"#$%@<8* ;]^)C* 1980῍90 _+ 9-. 2 AB (CMB) AGASA +b,`-. HiRes < 8 C . < D 2 A 1966 , , Haverah Park 8V Yakutsk ( E#$FC* Greisen GHIJK4L M #[&a!C"#$% NOPQ3>RST CU bYU)*-_9-)* w * VWNQ3PQU! 1020 eV c."#$%a)* X8C. MNOPQ3>+ 1020 eV Y @d<8* e- AGASA f-*) 9"<8Z <D 10 XD 10 eV Y9 C*ghijk+8D Nn ".#[$\]Y*+^_<8C GZK C* X AGASA ; .T %`+@a-Y&R)C(C ' ]^9al(m^n)oD8e GZK v +9:!"#$%+ CMB wpq+9d(X)* .*b 30 c()X*+9de Alan Watson + 1990 R8*¡ ,[-+f3gPNhij.. ¢9%` 1) 21 l3 22 r/kC.3) Mst( eV CMB +:!" D"#$%u£w+ 10 D-Y . 10 eV ! &R)C(C 1,000 km2 d<; "#$%(. *b3( (87 10 ¤)a&RD(C¥U vw DnJo44"#$%5U (?+.Z¦xy9-.῎1T 8z pq9aq6r7s = C*0§1¨${?@FA Jim Cronin >34/$8t99:;uY9,X( Alan U|* M-(*+a)Z}U C[<C. vw+=>?@FA (.©d 5,000 km2 &~ª B-/k<8 CDE) Gre- Uῌ῎2T U the Pierre Auger G«" isen῍Zatsepin῍Kuzmin (GZK) vw678C $2o¬L ^_Y)* ¤ . xF GZK vw;b)<YyY . Auger ^_®C¯FU°±C ($\.G 40 zH[(. bD8*RX. 'D+² ³! /kC. 0 10 #$%12mXD 8 IJ9+KXD&L{ !CM a)\Q´?@FA*²o* 9N3XDO{9[.&* | IJaµ´XC. 'D¶·< a)}~o4~Q1; 8 0§¸u-.f¬$}3/¹º Y ῎1 Watson A. A., 1990, European Cosmic Ray Symp. Review Talk, “All that is needed is dedication, money and patience; otherwise a reviewer writing ten years from now will not be able to draw many di#erent conclusion.” ῎2 Cronin J., 1991, Proc. of 22th International Cosmic Ray Conference: “You’re not nearly ambitious enough, we should build 5,000 km2.” 101 » 5¼ 257 k1 ±k1 Auger \h6!i6M²#:jk ABCE:?³´µ4?n9D¶?Z: LE/: ·k1lm`¦A6F¸#:;<= ¹º#» vGo9 : }8~?"c/?#:8 K !"#$%&'( 17 ) ?c()? *+,-# '8$%;<=E()? ./012 34567689: T6$%;<=D6z# & [' #Z: *M +?0ZH ;<=1>?@ A'BCAD%%E TK\h6\ 09 FGHD'I%J%8K LM T6 Auger \h6,1 !^_`a%( M8 Haverah Park E0 )?-.6+\/801EZ: T8E NAODP;<=8K LQRS0 z W6j21ῌ&;<34 ῍$%;<= T1 10 m2U1.2 m 6V6@ A'B D8'?57' B#N? W6N6EXYZ: ῎6?n9789 ῏T0? AODP[?Z:\H9 CA ,lZ:6*:E: i6 D%%XY6]?Z:6# T # 1 ) b¡# ?¢Z:;E9 6;<=1Y6^_`a%?Z: WTE 6;£¤6M?¥ b 6;<=? AGASA 6#bc `¦A#¢ W6ef?§/06 ?d #6 ?¢Z:T8#9 1999 W6efNAODP;<= g:T889 \hi6jk8lm </x&¨C©ª%D« Auger n:;<=6op?k 1 #qZ r 6¢¬z < 2008 <#® T 7:8;<=1 6 6j?k 2 #qZ stK !u6vwxy W9xzH T6v1 Auger \h/#{| 258 1=/0= E> 60 km :?¯E 3,000 km2 6@°# 8H¼I 2008 < 5 ¼ 2 ! Auger 56r¯" #)$ N+°±%²³´µ 3,000 km2 $% 1,600 4 ir% 6 ¶¥·¸.%²³#_¹+º´ 1,600 H-.l GZK 34N#. 23 1.5 562 CQ;:TL. ! (5,000 km ) " $34Nvw7234# # AGASA 30 $ % 7:UP-.C s2 300 &'()*+,-./01 tuvwU+h 234567 89:; . _tu*%YZ'% <=>:?@>#A 7 *BC ! -. _*U+h# %DE <=>FGH- >C 562 .%2. :Q## I 370 JKL 370 JF# M34 W 2005 Q #%PC NOP CQ;RS :TL _2 P¡.:C-. 562. C UC VUW%XYZ 34Nl¢m'£# GZK }~6: * 1 [\]X^ _`U ¤ C ¥fl GZK 34N# abLcI ¦-.UC _2:H§I2 2 >de%H 2002 P 2007 f 5 ghijklm: :U:C-. fC HUP- !%DE7 . -.:#¨L ©ªUP- no. pq Auger 56rPs2 .# «¬1% Jim Cronin %;¨-W tuvw tuvw . MU 34N#TL. xy5z P%{7 HC-. ;%562f®# O;¦f7PRS >| GZK }~ 10 eV KL ; 3) 20 » 101 ¼ »5G L. Mffvw72 259 +K+0 #&pqb rpwH 2006 1 .~=2 ;<i !"#$%&'()*+, 3[X.4njmn& <5 -./0 123 (AGN) 4 67{8 2007 3= 5#.6789: Xq)9 > 7 ;<=> .?@6 w=mn&-TUpw+ 7= 100 -AB C H:8n>= = D-E+FGHIJK+L -MN ;eX. #?< OP 67Q 5| <= 99 |¡ R%&S>& TU .=>0=Xq)9 67 V -$?¢@A% WX.YD!<%& Auger ; Z[\"]'^_+`abc+d# eX$%& 370 &fg' 3. ῍ ῏ ῎ ῌ I+=ShijX.(kX> . £/B Auger ;Z>i67¤¥. U)l=mn& #o= arXiv pqp C3%&X #[\=DE[X rHst+I+uvwbxF= AGN .> .= ¦67 §¨kX F UHECR .>y*uvz+{|} 3 #+ Auger ;Z"&+X>,e ῌ1018.5 eV G/=b_ sGF©+d ~=+-%&X[ X &ª+`«;Z H¬=e .. .? C/%&aG ?¡I.X b_ s F3 260 ®FB Auger $¯0%&-b_ sGF J°:\ ±2.6 \5+/= ²X ³F$%& 27 ´£,'()*+-KL4 12µM¶=12 ῍ 2.5 ·¸ "X/ AGN. 5.7¹1019 eV |£,'()*+-KL4Nº 3.1 .» =²X O,12P QR=¼"$¢S TU 2008 5 CMB # 91B= ," &=y3# tb,5 6}5~Og=3# ss> !"# $%& '()*+, & C6~8 ]b>"O# -.'()*/0 5L-.'()*kl 1234,56 # 6 4) ῌ 789:; 10 19.5 eV <=>?@ !MO;!C9# &L3 DM !y9M8y AB@ 31# &C GZK DE3F &O19# KCCO1 CMB 3G+=HI 9;"# 6V 5-.'()* ! 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()*YZIX9o 52O# (©G ()*+,v- wxC9# ª LHC ,«.'()*[Uef, " <./0= Centaurs A, Virgo A, LHCf §9)3F¬5 I\ Fornax A -+,v-O19# 12 J &CK(yM®O;# 96$ tb3L=y94z{|3F}5~ G]^YZ¥VKO# G 519O;6783&O# ,Wy¦oJ &=>?@, J G -5<.=-5/0= AGN: Centaurs ¯&GV=F°TUF_` A k-.'()*96i ,a8O# 9o $ 100 b<B YC# & Virgo A k$ c 3O;# CCY 1%' &65WXYC3# & Virgo A 3c dC# £6$±/[U)L -5<.: Virgo cluster " ²,e ³M&="# 96$5n´ AGN 5;< "# $%&k J -.'()*+=µ9fMg WXYC#$# V9&l 7&C¶,O# C PQ@R =>5}n"# AGN 5 S°h0iTJ 2,03F,·¨9)¸s =>55J Mb ¹bº]i2 3# 8) >@5J ?:; (@A 1 j 101 » j5¼ 261 4. ῌ :/ ῍ <Q01 =>q Auger 40|}~|1rsijD !"#$%&'()*+ 5I ?^/@ A`BBC-./ ?6cD ,-./ 0*1 Cen- 61+ 62#$_D taurs A ,23)*+ CE/61IF1L7601C Virgo Cluster ,234105)* NO+ T!|5;,fgD -676 GQ JEM-EUSO 1nF57l 0 Virgo Cluster 89:1;7 rNQ*v57/m 0<=>? Auger S3*-613) @23A7 B/>CD DQ01C.+ H/7I E:-./ AGASA F HiRes GH230 De8*017 I7J (C.7616IKL 1>C MI2L J ij"JDKQ/ Auger LMC89:1/]":/C *76 NO Auger C> -_ @DPQRDS-6 0* /E^*+ O11PJJ Auger @ 3 23 8 @DTUV% M6 Q1¡3* Q¢£/ WXP 20 YZ[Q01NO IJ ijDB1S/+ "J 80 2 3 180 C ij¤¥2*/ Q 0]"NijDBAQ ¦/8ij 7:-6 )3 Auger @D\!I §¤DR$S¨TC+ BA 16I]"LE^*-6 0 Auger @ 0CE^*]"U©VD #_-L 2010 P`aDb-6 t01W2701q16I5 ª /:-$%c+ >&de'( q:/ )*+7:-S-6,fg (TA) !0Iq hC 10) 0/S TA ij- 6.kB:-6 0 TA F AGASA 0*XYQ« ¬:/ Z3 ®rs11""J>( t3*£.C rs"JCu2701 ¯[6° 16I01q [_rsD+ \u 7l+ L1L1() /m ]+ [(KQ01LuA)* no0pq 1""JMI [62lI2u2C7 rsqtC7_1"noCL u27ij-6 11), 12) 3v451" _+ 5cM:-6-L66 u27 ¯ nowC AGN F5x6'+ < ±G° C =cy7D8*/9:z{7|}~ ^²³_Q ´ (2>µ²¥_¶·i |E^*-6 jµ¸1`"¹¥_aµ¸*-6/º 0no4 Auger @ijDB)_;QLC 262 I66 0Dd"JQ1 1>E_»-6 PJ¼ 2008 5 ¼ ῎῍῏ῌ 1) Greisen K., 1966, Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 748 2) 1969, Proc. of 11th International Cosmic Ray Conference 3) 2007, 62, 197 4) Yamamoto T. [Pierre Auger Collaboration], 2007, Proc. of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, (arXiv.0707.2638) 5) Pierre Auger Collaboration, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (arXiv:0712.1909) 6) Pierre Auger Collaboration, submitted to Astropart. Phys. (arXiv:0712.1147) 7) Engel R. [Pierre Auger Collaboration], 2007, Proc. of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference (arXiv. 0706.1921) 8) Pierre Auger Collaboration, 2007, Sci. 318, 938 (arXiv: 0711.2256v1, arXiv:0712.2843) 9) http://www.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/LHCf 10) http://www-ta.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ 11) Inoue S., et al., Phys. Rev. D, in press (arXiv:0701167) 12) Takami H., et al., 2006, Astrophys. J 639, 803 (arXiv: astro-ph/0506203v2) 13) http://jemeuso.riken.jp/jp/index.html 101 5 Opening a New Astronomy through Charged ParticlesῌObservation of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays by the Pierre Auger Observatory Tokonatsu YAMAMOTO Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, 8῍9῍1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658῍8501, Japan Abstract : The highest energy particles in the Universe are called Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs). These particles should bring enormous information of the high-energy phenomenon in the Universe. To reveal mysteries of the UHECRs, the Pierre Auger observatory has been constructed. Recent results from this project indicate the arrival direction of the UHECR correlates to the direction of the Active Galactic Nucleus. In this report, we describe this observatory and discuss new image of the Universe through UHECRs. 263