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Transcript
第3章 捕獲個体の分析～年齢・繁殖・食性
➨ 㸱 ❶ ᤕ⋓ಶయࡢศᯒ㹼ᖺ㱋࣭⦾Ṫ࣭㣗ᛶ㹼 せ Ⅼ ࣭ රᗜ┴࠾ࡅࡿࣛࢢ࣐ࡢᖺ㱋࣭⦾Ṫ࣭㣗ᛶ➼ࡢ⌧≧ࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊ㐺ษ࡞⟶⌮ᡭἲ ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᤕ⋓ಶయࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ ࣭ ศᕸ୰ᚰཬࡧᣑᆅ㸦⚄ᡞᕷࠊ୕ᮌᕷࠊ୕⏣ᕷࠊ⠛ᒣᕷ㸧ࢆ୰ᚰᅇࡉࢀࡓ ಶయࡢ࠺ࡕⱝ㱋ಶయ㸦 ṓ⋇ளᡂ⋇㸧ࡣࠊ㸣⣙༙ᩘࢆ༨ࡵࠊⱝ㱋ಶయࡢከ ࠸ቑຍᆺࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ࣭ ዷፎ⋡ࡣளᡂ⋇࡛⣙ 㸣ࠊᡂ⋇࡛⣙ 㸣ࠊᖹᆒ⏘Ꮚᩘࡣளᡂ⋇࡛ 㢌ࠊᡂ⋇࡛ 㢌࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣭ ฟ⏘ᮇࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣ㸲᭶୰᪪㡭᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࣭ 㣗ᛶࡣࠊኟࡣ㎰స≀ࡸேᕤ≀ࡢࠊ᳜≀㉁㸦㸧 ࠊື≀㉁㸦㸧࡞㔝⏕⏤᮶ ࡢࡶࡢࡀከࡃ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ⛅ࡣື≀㉁ࡀῶࡾࠊ㔝⏕⏤᮶ࡢ᳜≀㉁ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡀࠊ ᰠࡢᐇ࡞ேࡢ⏕άᅪ⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࣭ ⿕ᐖࢆᮍ↛㜵ࡂᤕ⋓ຠ⋡ࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ࣓ࢫࡢฟ⏘ࡸࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢேᐙධࡀ ጞࡲࡿ ᭶㹼 ᭶୰᪪ᤕ⋓ᷦࡢタ⨨ࢆᙉࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ ⛅࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㎰స≀࡞ேⅭⓗ࡞㈨※ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢᮇ㛫㎰ᆅ࿘㎶ ࡸ⏕ά⎔ቃᐃ╔ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㜵ㆤ࡞ࡢᑐ⟇ࡢᡭࢆ⦆ࡵ࡞࠸ࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ࡣࡌࡵ 㐺ษ࡞ࣛࢢ࣐ࡢ⟶⌮ࡣࠊ㸯㸧⌧≧ᢕᥱ 㸰㸧ຠᯝⓗ࡞⟇ࡢᐇᮇࡸᡭἲ ࡢỴᐃࠊ㸱㸧⟇ࡢຠᯝࡢ᳨ド࡞ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊࣛ ࢢ࣐ࡢ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞≉ᚩࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᛶᡂ⇍ᖺ㱋ࡸ⛣ືศᩓࡢᮇ➼ࡢᡂ㛗ࠊฟ⏘ᮇ࣭ዷ ፎ⋡࣭⏘Ꮚᩘ➼ࡢ⦾Ṫ≧ἣࠊࡲࡓࠊᅾ᮶✀ࡢᤕ㣗ࡢ⛬ᗘࡸ⿕ᐖࡢᐇែࢆ⾲ࡍ㣗ᛶ࡞ࢆ ṇ☜ᢕᥱࡋࠊᑐ⟇ࡢᐇᮇࡸሙᡤࠊ᪉ἲࡢຠ⋡ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓࠊ⏕ែ⣔ࡢ⿕ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘ࡞⡆༢ࡣ⾲㠃ࡋ࡞࠸ᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡶ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞ ሗࡀࡑࡢᇶ♏࡞ࡿࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣୖグࡢࣛࢢ࣐ᑐ⟇ࡢ᪉㔪ỴᐃࡸᐇḞࡏ࡞࠸ ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᤕ⋓ಶయࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿሗࢆศᯒࡋࠊලయⓗ࡞⟶⌮ᡭἲᚲ せ࡞ሗࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࠋ ʵɹɹʵ ʵɹɹʵ (a) (b) ʵɹɹʵ 㸦㸰㸧ᖺ㱋ᵓᡂ࣭ᛶẚ 㢌㦵ࠊ⏕Ṫჾ➼ࡢ◚ᦆࡀ࡞࠸ 㢌ࡢࣛࢢ࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᛶุูཬࡧᖺ㱋ᰝᐃࢆ⾜ ࡗࡓࠋᤕ⋓ಶయࡢᛶ࣭ᖺ㱋ࡢྜࡣࠊయ࡛ࡣ ṓ⋇ࡀ 㸣㸦ܴ㸣ࠊܲ㸣㸧ࠊளᡂ ⋇ࡀ 㸣㸦ܴ㸣ࠊܲ㸣㸧ࠊ࢜ࢫᡂ⋇ 21㸣ࠊ࣓ࢫᡂ⋇ 27㸣࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸧 ࠋᛶẚ೫ࡾ ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ṓ⋇ࠊளᡂ⋇ࢆ࠶ࢃࡏࡿⱝ㱋ಶయࡀ 㸣༙ᩘ௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵࠊಶ య⩌ࡋ࡚ࡣⱝ㱋ಶయࡢከ࠸ቑຍᆺࡢᖺ㱋 ᵓᡂࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌧ẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊ ṓ⋇ ࡢศᩓᮇ࠶ࡓࡿ ᭶ࠊ ᭶ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ ᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ṓ⋇ࡢྜࡣ㐣ᑠホ౯ࡉࢀ 䗢ᡂ⋇ 㻞㻝㻑 ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせ 㻜ṓ 㻟㻠㻑 ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᮇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㞟ࡲࢀࡤࠊ ⱝ㱋ಶయࡢྜࡣࡉࡽࡁࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ 䗠ᡂ⋇ 㻞㻣㻑 ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᆅᇦูࡢᤕ⋓ᩘ㸦⾲ 㸧ࢆࡳࡿࠊ᭷ᐖ 䗠ளᡂ ⋇ 䗢ளᡂ 㻢㻑 ⋇ 㻝㻞㻑 ᤕ⋓ࡢከࡗࡓ⚄ᡞᕷ୕ᮌᕷ࡛ࡣᤕ⋓ ಶయࡢᛶẚࡣ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ 㸦Ȯ S㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ ᆅᇦ࡛ᛶẚ ࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓせᅉࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⿕ᐖࡢෆᐜ ᅗ ࣛࢢ࣐ᤕ⋓ಶయࡢ ᤕ⋓ᷦࡢタ⨨ሙᡤࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ ᖺ㱋࣭ᛶูྜ ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⚄ᡞᕷ࡛ࡣ㎰ స≀⿕ᐖࡀ㞟୰ࡋࠊᷦࡢタ⨨ࡀ⏿࿘㎶࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ୕ᮌᕷ࡛ࡣேᐙࡸ⣡ᒇ ࡢධࡢ⿕ᐖࡀከࡃࠊᷦࡀேᐙ࿘㎶タ⨨ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡀከࡗࡓࠋ୕ᮌᕷ࡛ࡣ࣓ࢫࡀே ᐙධࡋࠊฟ⏘࣭ᤵஙࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡼࡿ⏕ά⿕ᐖࡀከᩘሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᷦࡢタ ⨨ሙᡤࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢫࡸ ṓ⋇ࡀከࡃᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋᅇ࣓ࢫ ࡼࡿேᐙධ⿕ᐖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙᡤ࡛ࡣࠊධཱྀࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊࡩࡉࡄࡶࠊேࡢ⏝ ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⣡ᒇࡸᗜ࡞ື≀ࡢධཱྀࡀ࡞࠸࡞ࡢⅬ᳨ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᤕ⋓ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊฟ⏘ᮇࡶ⥅⥆ⓗᤕ⋓ດຊࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ࣓ࢫࢆ㝖ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⾲㻞䚷䜰䝷䜲䜾䝬䛾ᕷ⏫ูᤕ⋓ᩘ 㻜 䗠 ຍྂᕝ 䗢 ⥲ィ 㻝 㻝 ୕⏣ᕷ 㻝㻝 㻢 㻟 㻞㻜 ୕ᮌᕷ 㻡㻡 㻠㻞 㻞㻤 㻝㻞㻡 ⠛ᒣᕷ 㻟 㻡 㻡 㻝㻟 ⚄ᡞᕷ 㻞㻟 㻟㻞 㻠㻥 㻝㻜㻠 ⥲ィ 㻥㻞 㻤㻡 㻤㻢 㻞㻢㻟 ʵɹɹʵ 㸦㸱㸧⦾Ṫ≧ἣ 㸺ዷፎ⋡⏘Ꮚᩘ㸼 㢌ࡢளᡂ⋇ࠊᡂ⋇ࡢ࣓ࢫࡘ࠸࡚ዷፎุᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋዷፎุᐃࡣ⫾ඣࡢ┤᥋ほᐹ ࡶࡋࡃࡣᏊᐑෆࡢ⫾┙ࡢ᳨⣴ࡼࡾ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ዷፎ⋡ࡣளᡂ⋇࡛⣙ 㸣ࠊᡂ⋇࡛⣙ 㸣ࠊᖹᆒ⏘Ꮚᩘࡣளᡂ⋇࡛ 㢌ࠊᡂ⋇࡛ 㢌࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ ࠊᅗ 㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣᾏ㐨࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⤖ᯝࡼࡾప࠸್࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢࡢ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㧗࠸್࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦⾲ 㸧ࠋ ཎ⏘ᅜࡢ⡿࡛ࡣளᡂ⋇ࠊᡂ⋇ࡶᮏ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㧗࠸ዷፎ⋡ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋཎ⏘ ᅜࡢࣛࢢ࣐ࡢዷፎ⋡ࡸ⏘Ꮚᩘࡣሀᯝ㢮ࡢ㇏ปࡸಶయࡢᰤ㣴≧ែࡁࡃᕥྑࡉࢀ ࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ>@ࠊරᗜ┴ࡢࣛࢢ࣐࡛ࡶࠊࡼࡾᰤ㣴᮲௳ࡢⰋዲ࡞ᆅᇦ ධࡍࢀࡤዷፎ⋡ࡸ⏘Ꮚᩘࡀࡉࡽୖ᪼ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ⾲ ᖺ㹼 ᖺᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓࣛࢢ࣐ࡢዷፎ⋡ ᶆᮏᩘ ዷፎ⋡䠄䠂䠅 ⏘Ꮚᩘ㻔㼼㻿㻰㻕 ளᡂ⋇ 㻝㻡 㻡㻟㻚㻟 㻟㻚㻜㼼㻜㻚㻥㻞 ᡂ⋇ 㻣㻝 㻥㻜㻚㻝 㻟㻚㻣㻥㼼㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻤㻢 㻤㻟㻚㻣 㻟㻚㻣㼼㻜㻚㻥㻤 ྜィ 㻟㻡 㻞ṓ௨ୖ 㻟㻜 㻝ṓ ಶయᩘ 㻞㻡 㻞㻜 㻝㻡 㻝㻜 㻡 㻜 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 ⏘Ꮚᩘ ᅗ ࣓ࢫࡢᖺ㱋࢝ࢸࢦู࣮ࣜ⏘Ꮚᩘ ʵɹɹʵ 㻢 㻣 ʵɹɹʵ 㸦㸲㸧⫶ෆᐜ≀ศᯒ ⫶ෆᐜ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊศᯒྍ⬟࡞ᶆᮏࡣ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡢᶆᮏࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ⫶ෆᐜ≀ࡀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ㸦 㸧ࠊ ௨ୖࡢෆᐜ≀ࡀㄏᘬ㣵࡛༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ㸦 㸧 ࠊ యẟࡀෆᐜ≀ࡢ ௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ㸦 㸧ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⟽࣡ࢼᤕ⋓ࡀ୰ ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㣗ᛶศᯒࡣ㐺ษ࡞ᶆ ᮏࡋ࡚ࠊᅇࡢศᯒࡽࡣ㝖እࡋࡓࠋศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣኟᮇ㸦 ᭶㹼 ᭶㸧ࠊ⛅ᮇ㸦 ᭶㹼 ᭶㸧ูᅗ ♧ࡋࡓࠋ㔝⏕⏤᮶ࡢ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ✀ࡢุᐃࢆ⾜࠸⾲ ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ኟ⛅࡛ࡣࠊᶆᮏᩘࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⛅ࡶཧ⪃ࡲ࡛ᥖ㍕ࡋࡓࠋኟࡣ ㎰స≀ࡸேᕤ≀㸦ࡑࡢศ㢮㸧࡞ே㛫ࡢ⏕άᅪ⏤᮶≀ࡢࠊ᳜≀㉁㸦㸧 ࠊື≀㉁ 㸦㸧࡞㔝⏕⏤᮶ࡢࡶࡢࡀከࡃ᳨ฟࡉࢀࠊከᵝ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ᥇㣗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ≉᳜≀㉁࡛ࡣࠊࢳࢦࡸࢢ࣑࡞ࡢᾮᯝ㢮ࠊື≀㉁࡛ࡣ࢚࢝ࣝ࡞ࡢ୧⏕ 㢮ࡸ⏥Ẇ㢮ࠊỈ⏕᪻࡞ᯘ⦕㒊ࡽỈ㎶ࡲ࡛ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⎔ቃ᳇ᜥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⏕≀ࢆ㣗 ᩱࡋ࡚⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ୰ᆺ㣗⫗㢮ࡢ⫶ෆᐜ≀ࡢᾘࡣ᪩ࡃࠊ⫶ෆᐜ≀ࡀ␃ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿ㛫ࡣ 㹼 㛫⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊኟࡣࠊẚ㍑ⓗ▷㛫ࡢෆ ᵝࠎ࡞⎔ቃࢆ᥇㣵ሙᡤࡋ࡚⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊከᵝ࡞ෆᐜ≀ࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡓࠋ ⛅ࡣᶆᮏᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᚋࡶ༑ศ࡞᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅇศᯒࡋࡓ ಶయ ୰ ಶయࡽᰠࡢᐇࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦㎰స≀ศ㢮㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⫶ෆᐜ≀࡚ࡀᰠࡢᐇ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓಶయࡀ ぢࡽࢀࡓࠋᰠࡣ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣே㛫ࡀࢇ⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㫽㢮ࡣ့ங㢮 ࡞ࡢ㔝⏕ື≀ࡢ᥇㣗≀ࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣛࢢ࣐ ࡗ࡚ࡶࡇࡢᮇࡢ᥇㣗≀ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᰤ㣴౯ࡢ㧗࠸Ⰻዲ࡞㈨※࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡣࠊ㔝⏕⏤᮶ࡢ᳜≀㉁ࡸື≀㉁࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᳜≀㉁ࡢ≀ࡀ༙ᩘ௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵ ࡓࠋ ᫂ࡢࡶࡢࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊᙧ≧ࡢࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ᫂ࡽ㔝⏕ ⏤᮶ࡢ㣗≀࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊேᕤⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡸᾘࡢ㐍ࢇࡔࣔ㢮࡞ࡢస≀ࠊᐙ␆⏝㣫ᩱ㸦ࢻ ࢵࢢࣇ࣮ࢻ࡞㸧ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ௨ୖࣛࢢ࣐ࡢ㣗ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡵࡿࠊኟࡣ୍ᗘ㔞᥇㣗ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡼࡾ ࡣࠊከࡃࡢ✀㢮ࡢ㈨※ࢆᑡࡋࡎࡘ⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊேᐙࡸ㎰ᆅ࿘㎶ࡶ㢖⦾ฟἐࡋࠊ㎰ స≀ࡸேᕤ≀ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ⛅ࡣฟἐᩘࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣῶᑡࡍࡿ ࡀࠊ㔝⏕ୗ࡛ࡢ㈨※㔞ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ୍ᗘேⅭⓗ⎔ቃฟἐࡍࡿྠࡌ≀ࢆ 㔞᥇㣗ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⿕ᐖࡣࡁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡓࠋ≉⛅ࡣᗂ⋇ࡢศᩓᮇ ᙜࡓࡿࡓࡵࠊ⿕ᐖࢆ㍍どࡍࡿࠊ㎰ᆅ࿘㎶ࡢศᩓಶయࡢᐃ╔࡞ࡀ㐍ࡴᜍࢀࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋࣔ㢮࡞ࡢ⛅௨㝆ࡢ㎰స≀ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㜵㝖ࢆ⥅⥆ⓗᐇࡍࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓࠊ⿕ᐖᆅ࡛ࡣࡍ࡚ࡢᏘ⠇࡛ࢦ࣑࡞ࢆ⏝ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࢦ࣑ࡢ⟶⌮ࢆᐇࡍࡿᚲせ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ʵɹɹʵ ኟ 1 䛭䛾 9% ᫂ 5% ⛅ 1 ㎰స≀ 15% 䛭䛾 1% ᫂ 2% ㎰స≀ 21% ື≀㉁ 16% ື≀㉁ 22% 㔝⏕ᯝ ᐇ䞉✀Ꮚ 14% ᮌᮏ䞉ⲡᮏ 41% ᮌᮏ䞉ⲡᮏ 46% 㔝⏕ᯝᐇ䞉 ✀Ꮚ 8% ᅗ ࣛࢢ࣐⫶ෆᐜ≀ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ ⾲ ࣛࢢ࣐ࡢ⫶ࡽ᳨ฟࡉࢀྠᐃࡉࢀࡓෆᐜ≀ ᳜≀ ື≀ 䛭䛾 ⴥ䞉ᮌ㉁㒊 㔝⏕ᯝᐇ䞉✀Ꮚ ㎰స≀ 㨶㢮 ᪻ Ỉ⏕᪻ ⏥Ẇ㢮 ୧⏕㢮 ከ㊊㢮 ேᕤ≀ ື≀⏤᮶ 䜹䝷䝇䝜䜶䞁䝗䜴 䜽䝃䜲䝏䝂䞉䝲䝬䝰䝰䞉䜾䝭⛉䛾ᯝᐇ 䝆䝱䜺䜲䝰䞉䜲䝏䝂䞉ᰠ䞉✄䛾⢄Ẇ 㦵 䜻䞁䝞䜶䞉䜸䜸䜸䝃䝮䝅 䝲䝂䠄䜰䜹䝛䝖䞁䝪䞉䜸䝙䝲䞁䝬䞉䝲䝬䝖䜽䝻䝇䝆䝦䝡䝖䞁䝪䠅 䝃䝽䜺䝙䞉䝇䝆䜶䝡 䝒䝏䜺䜶䝹䞉䜰䝬䜺䜶䝹䞉䝖䝜䝃䝬䜺䜶䝹䞉䝚䝬䜺䜶䝹 䝎䝙 䜻䝑䝏䞁䝨䞊䝟䞊䞉䝡䝙䞊䝹䝔䞊䝥䞉Ꮫ⧄⥔ యẟ䚸ங䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛ᾮయ ʵɹɹʵ 㸬⤖ㄽ ⿕ᐖࢆᮍ↛㜵ࡂᤕ⋓ຠ⋡ࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ࣓ࢫࡢฟ⏘ࡸࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢேᐙධࡀጞ ࡲࡿ ᭶㹼 ᭶୰᪪ࠊ⿕ᐖࡀ㢧ᅾࡍࡿ๓ᤕ⋓ᷦࡢタ⨨ࢆᙉࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ ฟ⏘࣭⫱ඣࡀᡂຌࡍࢀࡤࠊᖹᆒ 㢌ࡢᏊ౪ࡀ⛅ศᩓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊᤕ⋓ࡢຠᯝࡀฟࡃ ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊฟ⏘ᮇ௨㝆ࠊ ṓ⋇ࡢศᩓᮇ๓㸦 ᭶㹼㸵᭶㸧 ࠊᏊ౪ࡀ㐠ື⬟ຊࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ ๓ࡢᤕ⋓ᅽࡢᙉࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㎰స≀ࡸேᕤ≀ࡢ⏝ࡣኟࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⛅ࡲ࡛⥆ࡃࡓࡵࠊ㎰స≀ࡢ㜵ㆤࡑ ࡢ⟶⌮ࡣ⛅ࡲ࡛⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋேᐙ࿘㎶ࡢᰠࡣࠊ⏝ࡉࢀࡎᨺ⨨ࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀቑ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࣛࢢ࣐ࢆࡣࡌࡵ㔝⏕ື≀ࢆேࡢ⏕άᅪᘬࡁᐤࡏࡿせᅉ ࡋ࡚ᙳ㡪ࡀࡁ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊせ࡞ᰠࡢᐇࡢ㝖ཤ࣭ᶞࡢఆ᥇࡞᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ ࡶ⿕ᐖ㜵Ṇࡣຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ⿕ᐖᆅࠊฟἐᆅ࡛ࡣࢦ࣑ࡢ⟶⌮ ࡢᚭᗏࠊேᐙ➼ࡢධࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ሙᡤࡢ㜵ㆤ࡞ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࣛࢢ࣐ࢆᐜ᫆ேࡢ⏕ά ᅪධ࣭ᐃ╔ࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㅰ㎡ ᤕ⋓ಶయࡢᅇ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ⚄ᡞᕷࠊ⠛ᒣᕷࠊ୕⏣ᕷࠊ୕ᮌᕷࠊᪧྜྷᕝ⏫ࡢྛᢸᙜ⪅ࡢ ⓙࡉࡲࠊරᗜ┴⊟⚄ᡞᨭ㒊ࠊ᭷㤿ᨭ㒊ࠊ⠛ᒣᨭ㒊ࠊ୕ᮌᨭ㒊ࠊᪧྜྷᕝᨭ㒊ࡢᤕ⋓ ⌜ࡢⓙࡉࡲከ࡞ࡿࡈ༠ຊࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᖺ㱋ᰝᐃ࠶ࡓࡾࠊᒱ㜧Ꮫῦ㔝⋞ ᩍᤵࠊ⫶ෆᐜ≀≀ศᯒ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ⏣㎶ᕷࡩࡿࡉ⮬↛බᅬࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ㕥ᮌ⏨ඛ⏕ ࡈ༠ຊࢆ㡬ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ῝ࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣࠊ㔝⏕ື≀ಖㆤ⟶ ⌮ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡋ࡚ே⮬↛ࡢ༤≀㤋࠾࠸࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡓ≀ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ 1. 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