Comments
Description
Transcript
未来予測 - 慶應義塾大学-塾生HP
3 . , (Mcdonnell & . Pickett 1990), ( (Palomino & Carrascal 2007). 400m ) , , ( (Mckinney 2002), 5 2 ) . , , 9 , , (Marzluff 2001). , 4 8 500m 14 , . , (Bird et al. 1996). , (Rutz et al. 2006). , 300 ( 2013), ( . , 2013). 31%, ? 1.7%, 0.7%, ( 3.3% 50%, )0.7%, , , . . (Rutz 2008). , , , , , (p< 0.001). . , , , 30% 1-1. . 23 1 30% , . 10% 107 , . 21 . 1km 50% , , , . 44 27 , , 1 1 . 1-2. ), 2 (p <0.001). , 5 4 (8 , , , 3 13 8 14 , , , . (30 ) . , . 6 1 8 . , , . 2015 8 14 , 1 1 , , 2 ( ). Cultivated Environments. Academic Press, London. , Marzluff JM (2001) Worldwide urbanization and its (Mckinney 2002). effects on birds. In: Marzluff JM, Bowman R, & , Donnelly R (eds) Avian ecology and conservation in an (Rutz 2004), urbanizing world. pp 19-47. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, . MA. , Mcdonnell MJ, Pickett STA (1990) Ecosystem structure , and function along urban-rural gradients: an unexploited , opportunity for ecology. Ecology 71: 1232-1237. . Mckinney ML (2002) Urbanization, Biodiversity, and , Conservation. BioScience 52(10): 883-890. (Rutz 2003). Palomino D, Carrascal LM (2007) Habitat associations of a raptor community in a mosaic landscape of Central , Spain under urban development. Landsc. Urban Plan. . 83: 268-274. , , Rutz C (2003) Assessing the breeding season diet of . goshawks Accipiter gentilis: biases of plucking analysis , . quantified by means of continuous radio-monitoring. J. Zool 259: 209-217. , Rutz C (2004) Breeding season diet of Northern . , , Goshawks Accipiter gentilis in the city of Hamburg, . Germany. Corax 19: 311-322. Rutz C, Bijlsma RG, Marquiss M & Kenward RE (2006) Population limitation in the northern goshawk in Europe: a review with case studies. Studies in Avian Biology 31: 158-197. . , Rutz C (2008) The establishment of an urban bird population. J. Anim. Ecol. 77: 1008-1019. , , , , , , . -2013 (2013) 6 , , ). , , (2009 6 50: 541-557. (2013) 2 . , Bird DM, Varland DE & Negro JJ (Eds.) (1996) Raptors in Human Landscapes: Adaptations to Built and ( 3 ), 166-221.