4%Cu 0%Cu

ϩ㸬ᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ
㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢᯒฟ≀ࡸ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺࡞࡝ࡢᚤ⣽⤌⧊ࡢไᚚࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࠊᡂศࡢㄪᩚ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ
ຍᕤࡦࡎࡳࡸ⇕࡞࡝ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊཎᏊࡢࢼࣀⓗ࡞ᣲືࠊ౛࠼
ࡤᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟࡸ෌⤖ᬗࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊྲྀࡾᢅ࠺㔠ᒓࡢ㔠
ᒓᏛⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡢ㐪࠸㸦౛࠼ࡤࠊ㔠ᒓࡢ✀㢮ࡣඖࡼࡾࠊ┦ኚែࡢ᭷↓ࡸ☢ᛶࡢ᭷↓㸧ࡸࠊ
〇㐀ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾ࡼࡧ〇ရᙧែࡢ㐪࠸㸦౛࠼ࡤࠊࣂࣝࢡᮦᩱ࡜ⷧ⭷ᮦᩱ㸧࡟⏤᮶ࡋ࡚ࠊ␗
࡞ࡿ⤌⧊ᙧᡂᣲືࢆ♧ࡍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ⤌⧊ไᚚᡭἲࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡲࡓ฼
⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚓࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᛶ⬟࣭≉ᛶ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࠾ࡢࡎ࠿ࡽ⤌⧊ไᚚࡢ
╔║Ⅼࡸ᪉ἲࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ┦ኚែࡸ☢ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㔠ᒓ࡛ࡣࠊኚែࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓኚែ
┦ࡢᚤ⣽ᯒฟࡸ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬ࠊእ㒊☢ሙࡢ௜୚࡟ࡼࡿࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᡂ㛗ࡸศᕸไᚚ
ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙉᗘ࣭ᘏᛶࢆồࡵࡿᮦᩱ࡜㧗࠸ᑟ㟁ᛶࢆồࡵࡿሙྜ࡛ࡣࠊࢼࣀࢡ
ࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡸ⢏⏺ࡢᙺ๭ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵ⤌⧊ไᚚࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࢼ
ࣀࣞ࣋ࣝࡢཌࡳࡢⷧ⭷ᮦ࡛ࡣࣂࣝࢡᮦ࡜ࡣ⤌⧊ᙧᡂࡢᣲືࡀ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘ␗✀ᮦᩱ
࡜ࡢ⏺㠃ࡢᣲືࡀၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢ⤌⧊ไᚚࡢከᵝࡉࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᙉᗘࡸᘏᛶࡀせồࡉࢀࡿࣂࣝࢡᮦᩱ࡟
࠾࠸࡚ࠊኚែࡸ☢ᛶࡢ࡞࠸࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘⣔ᮦᩱࢆᇶ‽ᮦᩱ࡜ࡋࠊࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋኚែࡸ☢ᛶ
ࡢ࠶ࡿᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㕲⣔ᮦᩱࢆࠊ㧗ᑟ㟁ᛶ࡞࡝ᶵ⬟ⓗ࡞≉ᛶࢆせồࡉࢀࡿᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚㖡⣔
ࡢᮦᩱࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ୺せ࡞⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㸯㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ
⾡ࠊ㸦㸰㸧⢏⏺࣭⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ไᚚᢏ⾡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㟁Ꮚࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ⏝
࡞࡝㹇㹒⏝㏵࡟㉸ⷧ⭷ᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㖡⣔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣂࣝࢡᮦᩱࡢࡳ࡞
ࡽࡎࠊ㉸ᚤ⣽࡞⤖ᬗࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢ㉸ᛴ෭ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡼࡿ㸦㸱㸧ࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ⢏๰〇ᢏ⾡ࠊ࠾
ࡼࡧ㟁Ꮚࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡞࡝ᇶᯈୖ࡟≀⌮࣭໬Ꮫⓗ⵨╔ἲ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾࢼࣀࣞ࣋ࣝཌࡳ࡛ᙧᡂࡉ
ࢀࡿ㉸ⷧ⭷㔠ᒓࡢ⤌⧊ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚㸦㸲㸧ࢼࣀⷧ⭷⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ
⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ⥲ྜⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ
ࡢ୺せ࡞⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡀᇶᮏⓗ࣭య⣔ⓗ࡟ゎ࣭᫂☜❧ࡉࢀࡿ஦ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊྲྀ
ࡾୖࡆࡿ㕲⣔ࠊ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘⣔ཬࡧ㖡⣔ࡢ୕✀ࡢ㔠ᒓࡣࠊᵓ㐀ᮦࠊᶵ⬟ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚୺せ࡞
㔠ᒓᮦᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸿㸬㕲⣔ᮦᩱ
㸯㸬ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡
㸯㸬㸯◊✲┠ᶆ
㸦࢔㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡
࠙᭱⤊┠ᶆࠚ
ᯒฟ┦ࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ㸳㸮㹬㹫௨ୗ࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᙉᗘࠊᘏᛶࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿ㸦ᙉ
ᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣᚑ᮶ᮦࡢ㸯㸬㸲ಸ௨ୖ㸧ࠝᇶᮏィ⏬ࠞࠋ
ϩ$
㸯㸬㸰 ◊✲ィ⏬ෆᐜヲ⣽
⾲㸯㕲⣔⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬
ᖺࠉࠉࠉᗘ
◊ 㸯㸧ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉ໬
✲ 㸰㸧⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬ᙉ໬
㹆㸯㸱
㹆㸯㸲
㹆㸯㸳
㹆㸯㸴
㹆㸯㸵
ࢼࣀᯒฟ⣲㐣⛬ᢕᥱ ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚ᪉ἲ㛤Ⓨ ᮦᩱ≉ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᢕᥱ
ᚤ⣽໬⣲㐣⛬ᢕᥱ
ᚤ⣽໬ᶵᵓ
ࡢゎᯒ
ᮦᩱ≉ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᢕᥱ
ෆ 㸱㸧⤫ྜ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡
⌧㇟ࡢゎ࣭᫂ኚᙧࠊኚែࠊᯒฟࠊ෌⤖ᬗᣲືࡢほᐹ
ᐜ 㸲㸧ᣦᑟཎ⌮ࡢ☜❧
ᖺࠉᗘࠉูࠉ┠ࠉᶆ
࣭◊✲యไࡢᩚഛ
࣭ ࢼ ࣀᯒ ฟไ ᚚ᪉ ࣭୰㛫┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ
ἲ
⤫ྜ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ
㸦᪂ࣉࣟࢭࢫᥦ᱌ࠊ᪂ᮦᩱ๰〇
࣭ ࢼ ࣀ⤫ ྜ⤌ ⧊ไ ࣭᭱⤊┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ
ᚚ ᢏ ⾡㸦 ࢼࣀ ࢡࣛ
ࢫ ࢱ ࣮࣭ ࢼࣀ ᯒฟ
ไ ᚚ ࡜⢏ ⏺࣭ ⏺㠃
ไ ᚚ ࡢ⤫ ྜ㸧 ࡢ☜
❧
࣭ ᐇ 㦂タ ഛィ ⏬ࡢ ࣭ ᚤ ⣽໬ ᶵᵓ ࡢゎ ࣭ ᮦ ᩱ≉ ᛶ࡜ ࡢ㛵 ࣭ ィ ⟬⛉ Ꮫ࡜ ࡢ⤌ ࣭ ᪂ ࣉࣟ ࢭࢫ ࣭᪂
ᩚഛ
ᯒ
ಀᢕᥱ
ࡳ ྜ ࢃࡏ ࡟ࡼ ࡿᣦ ᮦ ᩱ ࡢ๰ 〇ᐇ ドヨ
㦂 㸦 ࢼࣀ ไᚚ ᪂ୡ
ᑟཎ⌮ࡢ☜❧
௦」┦㕲㗰ᮦᩱ㸧
࣭ ࢼ ࣀᯒ ฟ࣭ ᚤ⣽ ࣭ ⤖ ᬗ ᪉ ఩ゎ ᯒ㏱ ࣭ ࢼ ࣀ ᯒ ฟ ࠊ ⢏
໬⣲㐣⛬ࡢㄪᰝ
㐣 㟁 Ꮚ㢧 ᚤ㙾 ࡢ๓ ⏺ ࣭ ⏺㠃 ไᚚ ᢏ⾡
ࡢᣦᑟཎ⌮☜❧
༙ศ๭ᑟධ
࣭ᅽᘏᐇ㦂࡟╔ᡭ
࣭ ୰ 㛫ホ ౯⏝ ࢧࣥ
ࣉࣝࡢ〇㐀
㸦࢔㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡
㸦㸯㸧㸦-3(ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝᰴᘧ఍♫⚟ᒣෆ-5&0ศᐊ㸧
)H㸫&㸫0Q㸫&X⣔ྜ㔠࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᖹᡂ㹼ᖺᗘ࡜ᇶ♏᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺࡜ඹ࡟ᐇ⏝ᛶ⬟ࢆホ
౯ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢼࣀ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢไᚚ࡟ࡼࡿ㧗ຍᕤᛶ㉸㧗ᙉᗘᮦ๰ฟࡢࡓࡵࡢ㛤Ⓨ᪉
ྥᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ㸬㸣&㸫㸬㸣0Q㸫㸦㸫㸧㸣&X㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᐇ㒊ရᡂᆺ᫬࡟せồ
ࡉࢀࡿᘏᛶࠊ✰ᣑࡆᛶ➼ࡢຍᕤᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྛᛶ⬟ࢆ᭱኱㝈໬ࡍࡿ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࢆ᫂☜໬
ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᙜヱ᮲௳࡛ࡢᐇ⏝ᛶ⬟ࢆ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿほⅬࡼࡾࠊ࢚ࣥࢻ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡜ᮦᩱホ
౯ࡢ㐃ᦠ㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊᐇ⏝໬࡬ࡢᮦᩱ≉ᛶୖࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹᡂᖺ
᭶࡟ୖᾏ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓᅜ㝿Ꮫ఍,&$66࡟ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᡂᯝࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᝟
ሗ཰㞟ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂᖺᗘ࡟ᚓࡽࢀࡓᮦᩱ࣭▱ぢࢆᇶ࡟)H㸫&㸫0Q㸫&X⣔ྜ㔠ࡢᐇ⏝໬
᳨ウࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࠊ㧗ຍᕤᛶ㉸㧗ᙉᗘᮦࡢ〇㐀ୖࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿࠋྠ᫬࡟⪏⑂ປ≉ᛶࠊ
⪏㐜ࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶ➼ࠊᮦᩱ≉ᛶࢆከ㠃ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࠊࡑࡢ᝟ሗࢆᇶ࡟࢚ࣥࢻ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡜ࡢ᝟
ሗ஺᥮ࢆࡉࡽ࡟᥎㐍ࡋࠊලయⓗ࡞㐺⏝㒊ရࡢ⤠ࡾ㎸ࡳ࡜ṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࢼࣀ㸦&X㸧ᯒฟࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ㧗ຍᕤᛶ㉸㧗ᙉᗘᮦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿຍᕤᛶྥୖ࡜ᡂᆺᛶࢆ୧
❧ࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࠾ࡼࡧࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡢศᩓไᚚ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳➼ࡢ▱ぢࢆ
య⣔໬ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࢆᖹᡂᖺ᭶࡟୰ᅜ㸦ᾏ༡ᓥ㸧࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿᅜ㝿Ꮫ఍㸪
UG,68*6࡟ㄽᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦฟࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊᙜヱᢏ⾡ศ㔝࡟㛵ࢃࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞᝟ሗࢆ཰㞟ࡍࡿࠋ
ϩ$
㸦㸰㸧㸦-)(ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝᰴᘧ఍♫༓ⴥෆ-5&0ศᐊ㸧
+ᖺᗘࡣࠊ㸬㸣&㸫㸬㸣0Q㸫㸦㸫㸧㸣&X㗰ࡢ&Xᯒฟᣲືࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ
ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ཰㞟ࡋࡓࠋᇧ+ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡢணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ
ࡓᆒ୍࠾ࡼࡧ୙ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ➇ྜࣔࢹࣝࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࠊ➨ඖ⣲ࡢ㏣ຍ㸦)H㸫&X㸫ϱ㸪ϱ㸻0Q㸪
1L㸪6L㸧ࠊ㸣&Xῧຍ㗰ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡋࡓᯒฟᣲືゎᯒࠊ෭༷㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ㸦㐃⥆෭
༷㸧࡞࡝ࡢᯒฟᣲືࢆࠊ◳ࡉ ᐃ࣭㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛ἲ࣭㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᢕᥱࡍ
ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ3KDVH㸫)LHOGࣔࢹ࡛ࣝᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿḟඖⓗ࡞ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᯒฟ≧ែࡢᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮
ࢱࡢ᥇ྲྀࡶ⾜࠺ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣఫ཭㔠ᒓ㸦ᰴ㸧-5&0ศᐊ࡜
㐃ᦠࡋࠊගᏛᘧ୕ḟඖ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁⏺࢖࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙠㸦௨㝆27$3࡜࿧⛠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ほ
ᐹࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓຍᕤᛶྥୖࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᮦ㉁࡜ࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ᙧែ࣭ศᩓ≧ែ࡜ࡢ
㛵ࢃࡾࢆ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ;$)6㸦63ULQJ㸫㸧࡟ࡼࡿゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ศᩓ≧ែ࡜⤌
⧊Ꮫⓗぢᆅ࠿ࡽᡂᆺᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ⪃ᐹᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ;$)6ゎᯒࡣእὀࡍࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂᖺᗘ࡛ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡶ࡜࡟ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ*U࡛ゎᯒࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ
ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞ほⅬ࡛ࡢィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢢ࣮ࣞࢻ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᥇ྲྀࡍ
ࡿࠋ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣఫ཭㔠ᒓᕤᴗ㸦ᰴ㸧-5&0ศᐊ࡜㐃
ᦠࡋࠊගᏛᘧ୕ḟඖ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁ゎ࢖࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙾㸦௨㝆27$3࡜࿧⛠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ほᐹ
ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸱㸧㸦ఫ཭㔠ᒓओෆ-5&0ศᐊ㸧
ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ-)(ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝ༓ⴥศᐊ࡛ヨసࡉࢀࡓࡿ✀ࠎࡢᐇ㦂㗰࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣀ&Xᯒฟ
⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᙧែࢆ27$3ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࠊ㐃⥆෭༷ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡸ➨୕ῧຍඖ⣲ࡀࢼࣀ&Xᯒ
ฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆࠊཎᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝㄪᰝࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊྠศᐊ࠾
ࡼࡧⲈᇛ኱Ꮫࡢィ⟬ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࡢ᳨ド࡟ࡶ཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ-)(ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝ⚟ᒣ࣭ி὾ศᐊ࡛ヨసࡉࢀࡿᐇ⏝໬࡟㏆࠸ᥦ᱌㗰࡟࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟᙧែ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ27$3ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࠊࢼࣀ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢ᭱㐺ไᚚ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ▱ぢࢆᚓ
ࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧィ⟬ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔ
ࢹࣝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙠ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊ27$3ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓཎᏊࣞ࣋ࣝホ౯࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ
࡚ࡁࡓࢼࣀ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᙧែ࡟ཬࡰࡍ✀ࠎࡢᅉᏊࢆ⥲ᣓⓗ࡟᫂☜໬ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦࢖㸧㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀ゎᯒ◊✲
㸦㸲㸧㸦ඹྠᐇ᪋஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ㸧
ᖹᡂᖺᗘ௨㝆ࡣࠊ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᯒฟ㛵ಀ࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⛣ࡋࠊᘏᛶ࡟ಀࢃࡿᅉᏊࢆ㏣ồࡋ
ᘏᛶࡀྥୖࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠋᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡘࡢ㡯┠ࢆ୺య࡟
᥎㐍ࡍࡿࠋ
ձ㗰ࡢᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡟ཬࡰࡍ&X㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡢຠᯝ
&Xྵ᭷㗰࡟ᯒฟࡍࡿ&X⢏ᏊࡣࠊⅣ⣲㗰࡟ᯒฟࡍࡿⅣ໬≀㸦ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺ㸧⢏Ꮚ࡜␗࡞
ࡾ㌾㉁࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ㗰ࡢᯒฟᙉ໬ᶵᵓࡀᚑ᮶ࡢ࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓ࡛ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞ࡃ
࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᡂᯝ࡟ࡼࡾ᪤࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㝆అᚋࡢኚ
ᙧᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊᘏᛶᨵၿࡢࡓࡵࡢᮦᩱタィᣦ㔪
ࡣ༑ศᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᘬᙇヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ&Xྵ᭷㗰ࡢᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀඃࢀࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢຠᯝࢆ᭱኱㝈࡟ᘬࡁฟࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊኚᙧᣲື࡟
ཬࡰࡍศᩓ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ㅽ౯ࡋࠊศᩓ≧ែࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ
ᚲせ࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ᪂᪥ᮏ〇㘐ᰴᘧ఍♫࡬‽ഛࢆ౫㢗ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ᫬ຠฎ⌮᮲௳࡟ࡼࡾ&X⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡓ&Xྵ᭷㗰ࡢᛂຊṍ
ϩ$
ࡳ᭤⥺ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ຍᕤ◳໬ᣲືࠊᆒ୍ኚᙧ࠾ࡼࡧᒁᡤኚᙧᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ
ᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡽ࡟ཬࡰࡍ&X⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡࠾ࡼࡧࢧ࢖ࢬࡢຠᯝ㸦ࡲ
ࡓࡣศᩓ㛫㝸㸧ࢆᐃ㔞໬ࡋࠊᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆࡉࡽ࡟ྥୖࡉࡏࡿᣦ㔪ࢆᚓࡓࡿࠋ
ղ㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟ࣭ᡂ㛗㐣⛬࡜ኚᙧᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡀ㗰ࡢᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢᨵၿ࡟኱ࡁࡃᐤ୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞
ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢຠᯝࢆ᭱኱㝈࡟ࡦࡁࡔࡍࡓࡵࡢᣦ㔪ࡣࡲࡔᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋኚ
ᙧᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿ࡟ࡣ㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ἲ7(0ࡣ᭷ຊ࡞◊✲Ṋჾ࡛࠶
ࡿࡀࠊ㗰୰ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜࡣ☢ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ)H࡜&XࡢཎᏊ␒ྕࡀ㏆࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ
࿘ࡾࡢṍࡳࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿほᐹୖࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡀ௜ࡁࡲ࡜࠺ࠋᖹᡂᖺᗘࡲ࡛
ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾࠊ7(0ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ;('6ඖ⣲࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ67(0ീほᐹࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡀᐇドࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂᯝࢆඖ࡟ࠊ&Xྵ᭷㗰ࡢኚᙧヨᩱࡢ7(0㸭67(ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡾ
&X⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࡢ᭷↓ࡀほᐹࡢ㘽
࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㉸㧗ᅽ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡿ7(0ᙅࣅ࣮࣒ἲ࡟ࡼࡿᬯど㔝ീࡢほᐹࡶే⏝ࡍࡿࠋ
ճ⢏⏺ᵓ㐀࡜⢏⏺ᯒฟ≧ែࡢ㛵ಀㄪᰝ
⤖ᬗ⢏⏺ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࠊ⢏⏺ࢆᣳࡴࡘࡢ⤖ᬗࡢ᪉఩ࡸཎᏊ㛫ࡢ⤖ྜᵝᘧ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ከᵝ࡟
ኚ໬ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⢏⏺ࡣῧຍඖ⣲ࡢ୺せ࡞೫ᯒࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢᯒฟࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㕲ࡢ⢏⏺ᵓ㐀ࢆศᏊືຊᏛἲ࡛ồࡵࠊ⢏⏺࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ
࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊῧຍඖ⣲ࡀ⢏⏺࡟೫ᯒࡋࡓሙྜ࡜⢏⏺ᯒฟ≀ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࡢ⢏⏺࢚
ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢኚ໬ࢆồࡵࡿࠋ
մ㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢ◚ቯ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪
ᮦᩱࡢ◚ቯ⌧㇟ࡣࠊⴭࡋࡃᵓ㐀ᩄឤ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊᮦᩱ⤌⧊࡟኱ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ
㐣⛬ࡣᘏᛶ◚ቯ࠿⬤ᛶ◚ቯ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊᛂຊ㞟୰㒊࡛ࡢረᛶ
ኚᙧᣲືࡀࡑࡢ㘽ࢆᥱࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᮦᩱ⤌⧊࡜῝ࡃ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㗰
ࡢ◚ቯᣲື࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᘏᛶ◚ቯࠊ⬤ᛶ◚ቯࠊࡉࡽ࡟⬤ᛶ୍ᘏᛶ㑄⛣࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ✀ࠎࡢᇶ
ᮏⓗᮍゎỴၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᚤ⣽ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࠊ≉࡟&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢ◚ቯ≉ᛶ࡟
ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㠌ᛶ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂➼ࢆ
⏝࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡍࡿࠋ◚㠃ゎᯒࡶేࡏ࡚⾜࡞࠸ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡜ᮦᩱ⤌⧊ࠊ≉࡟&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ
࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᚲせ࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ᪂᪥ᮏ〇㘐ᰴᘧ఍♫࡬‽ഛࢆ౫㢗
ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂᖺᗘࡣࠊ
ձᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍ&X㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࠊղ㌿఩࡜ᯒฟ≀ࡢᆞ஫స⏝ࡢ7(0ほᐹ࣭ճ⢏
⏺ᵓ㐀࡜⢏⏺ᯒฟ≧ែࡢ㛵ಀࠊմ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡀ◚ቯ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࠊࡢ✲᫂ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ
ࡓ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋ
ձ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊຍᕤ◳໬࠾ࡼࡧᘏᛶࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ&X⢏Ꮚࢆ᭱㐺࡟ศᩓࡉࡏࡓ⤌⧊୰࡟ࠊ
Ⅳ❅໬≀➼ࡢ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜⓗ࡟ศᩓࡉࡏ࡚ᙉᗘ୍ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ᭦࡞ࡿྥୖࡢྍ⬟ᛶ
ࢆ᥈ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊຍᕤ◳໬ᣲື࡜㌿఩⤌⧊Ⓨ㐩࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ࡜◳せ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ㐪࠸
ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
ղ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᬯど㔝ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㌿఩ࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣚࣥࠊ67(0࡟ࡼࡿ㌿఩㐠ືࡢ
ḟඖⓗゎᯒࠊ㟁㢧ෆ᪼ ࠊᘬᙇ㐣⛬ࡢ㌿఩㐠ືࡢLQ㸫6LWXほᐹ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠋ
ճ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⢏⏺ཎᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ⢏⏺࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆᇶ࡟&Xᯒฟᣲືࡢホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
մ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ)H㸫&Xྜ㔠ࡢప 㠌ᛶᨵၿᮦ㸦1Lῧຍ㗰㸧ࠊ⣽⢏㗰㸦1E➼ῧຍ㸧࡜࠸ࡗ
ࡓᐇ⏝ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᮦᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⬤ᛶ୍ᘏᛶ㑄⛣ᣲື࡬ࡢ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟࡜
ࡍࡿ࣭◚ቯ㠌ᛶࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ➼ࡢほ ࠿ࡽட⿣ඛ➃ࡢረᛶኚᙧᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ
ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊୖグձࠊղࠊմࡢ◊✲࡟ᚲせ࡞ヨᩱࡣ᪂᪥ᮏ〇⧊㸦ᰴ㸧ࡀ⁐〇ࠊຍᕤࡋ࡚ᥦ౪
ϩ$
ࡍࡿࠋ
㸰㸬ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬
㸰㸬㸯◊✲┠ᶆ
࠙᭱⤊┠ᶆࠚ
ᯒฟࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㦂್࡜ࡢㄗᕪࢆ㸳㸮㸣௨ෆࠊᯒฟ㔞࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㦂್࡜ࡢ
ㄗᕪࢆ㸯㸮㸣௨ෆࠝᇶᮏィ⏬ࠞࠋ
㸰㸬㸰 ◊✲ィ⏬ෆᐜヲ⣽
⾲㸰㕲⣔ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬ࡢ◊✲ィ⏬
ᖺࠉࠉࠉᗘ
㹆㸯㸱
㹆㸯㸲
㹆㸯㸳
㹆㸯㸴
㹆㸯㸵
㸯㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟึᮇẁ㝵ࡢ
ゎ᫂
ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⤌ᡂ㺂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ
㸰㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
◊
ࠉ
✲
ࠉ
ෆ
ࠉ
ᐜ
ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࠊࢼࣀᯒฟ㸦ࢧ࢖ࢬศᕸࠊᐦᗘ➼㸧
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ
㸱㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᏳ
ᐃᛶࠊ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ホ ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡢ㕲
౯ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ
࡬ࡢᛂ⏝
㸲㸧㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢኚᙧ
≉ᛶ࡜ᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࡢゎ᫂
ᯒฟ㐍⾜඲㐣⛬
ࡢࣔࢹࣝ໬
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬
⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ
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¬
ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ
⢏Ⓨ⏕ࣔࢹࣝ໬
ᙉኚᙧࠊᙉຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢኚᙧᶵᵓゎ᫂ࠊຍᕤ࡜
ᅇ᚟ࠊ෌⤖ᬗ࡟ࡼࡿෆ㒊⤌⧊ኚ໬ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ
ᩚྜ㺃㠀ᩚྜᯒฟ
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ᯒฟᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢ
ᵓ㐀㺃ኚᙧᛂ⟅
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
☢ሙ
㸳㸧ᙉຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿ㉸ᚤ⣽
⢏⤌⧊ࡢᙧᡂ࡜ᵓ㐀ኚ໬
ࡢண ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧
ᖺࠉᗘࠉูࠉ┠ࠉᶆ
˜◊✲యไࡢᩚഛ
˜ᢏ⾡ㄪᰝ
˜୰㛫┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ
˜ྜ㔠Ⅳ໬≀ࡢࣉࣟ ˜᭱⤊┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ
ࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ
˜ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ
˜)H&X⣔࡛ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ ˜ ᩚ ྜ ᯒ ฟ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ˜ᯒฟ㐍⾜඲㐣⛬ࡢ ˜㠀ᩚྜ┦ࡢᯒฟࢩ
࣑ ࣗ ࣮ࣞ ࢩࣙ ࣥࣉ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥᐇ᪋
ࣞ ࣮ ࢩࣙ ࣥࣉ ࣟࢢ ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࢆ᳨ウ
ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛసᡂ
࣒ࣛసᡂ
˜ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⤌ᡂࠊ ˜㠀➼ ᯒฟࡢࣔࢹ ˜ ࢼ ࣀ ᯒ ฟ ࡟ ཬ ࡰ ˜ ࢼ ࣀ ᯒ ฟ ࡟ ཬ ࡰ
⏕ᡂ ᐦᗘ ィ⟬ ࣉࣟ ࣝ໬ࢆ᳨ウ
ࡍ ࠊ ຍ ᕤ 㸦 ㍍ ᅽ ࡍ ࠊ ☢ሙ ࡜ຍ ᕤࡢ
ࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ
ୗ㸧ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウ ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウ
˜➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡢ㕲 ˜&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ ࢚ࢿ ˜⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ
࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ᛶ᳨ウ
ࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬
⟬ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ
˜ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿᚤ⣽⢏
⤌ ⧊ ࡢᵓ 㐀ኚ ໬࡜
ኚ ᙧ ࡟ᑐ ࡍࡿ ᛂ⟅
ࡢ ࢩ ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞ ࢩࣙ
ࣥᐇ᪋
˜⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ
⟬ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸦+ᖺ
ᗘࡼࡾ๓ಽࡋ㸧
˜ኚᙧ࡟ࡼࡿ㞟ྜ⤌ ˜ኚᙧ≉ᛶࡢ⢏ᚄ౫
⧊ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡢ᳨ウ Ꮡ ᛶ ࡜⢏ ⏺ࡢ ᵓ㐀
ኚ໬ࢆ᳨ウ
˜ᙉኚᙧୗࡢ⢏⏺⛣ ˜ᐇᕤ⛬࡬ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ
ື ࠊ ⢏⏺ ࡍ࡭ ࡾ࡜ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩࣙ ࣥࣔ ࢹࣝ
⤖ ᬗ ᵓ㐀 ኚ໬ ࡢ᳨ 㐺⏝
ウ
˜ࢼࣀࢭࣝᅇ㌿ࡢࣉ ˜ࢼࣀࢭࣝᅇ㌿࡜ள ˜ᙉኚᙧୗࡢ⢏⏺⛣ ˜ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࣀ⤖
ࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉィ⟬
⢏ ⏺ ᙧᡂ ࡢࢩ ࣑ࣗ ື ࡜ ᚤ⣽ ⢏⤌ ⧊ࡢ ᬗ ⢏ Ⓨ⏕ ࡢࣔ ࢹࣝ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ෆ 㒊 ᵓ㐀 ኚ໬ ࡢࢩ ໬ࢆ᳨ウ
࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
˜ள⢏⏺⤌⧊ᙧᡂ࡟ ˜
ᑐ ࡍ ࡿຍ ᕤࡢ ᙳ㡪
ࢆ ண ࡍ ࡿࢩ ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢱ࣮㛤Ⓨ
࢔ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡿ⤌⧊ண ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ϩ$
ࢼ ࣀ ࣞ࣋ ࣝ⤌ ⧊ไ
ᚚ ࢆ ⾜࠺ ࡭ࡃ 㔠ᒓ
ᮦ ᩱ ⤌⧊ ᵓ㐀 ண ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ ᵓ⠏ ࡋ࡚
⤌ ⧊ ไᚚ ࡢᣦ 㔪ࢆ
ᚓ ࡚ ᶵ⬟ ண ࢆ⾜
࠺ࠋ
࠙ᴫせࠚ
ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ
ࣥ⤖ᯝࢆᐇ㦂࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᯒฟࣔࢹࣝ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺࡜ඹ࡟ࠊᮦ
ᩱࡢຍᕤ◳໬≉ᛶホ౯➼ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㌿఩࡜ᯒฟ≀ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟㛵ࢃࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏
ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
㸦㸯㸧㸦᪂᪥ᮏ〇⧊ᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ -5&0 ศᐊ㸧
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊ&X ᯒฟ≀࡟ࡼࡾᘏᛶࡀྥୖࡍࡿᶵᵓࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢィ⟬ࢆ㛤ጞࡋ
ࡓࠋ᪂᪥ᮏ〇⧊ᰴᘧ఍♫ࡣࠊࡇࡢィ⟬ࡢࡓࡵࡢศᏊືຊᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞ
ࢩࣙࣥィ⟬ࢆ஑ᕞᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ࡜㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋ
༢⊂ࡢ &X ᯒฟ≀࡜㌿఩ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ⣔࡛ࡢື≉ᛶࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿศᏊືຊᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤
Ⓨࡋࠊ&X ᯒฟ≀࡟ࡼࡿล≧㌿఩ࡢࣆࢽࣥࢢ⬟ຊࡢᐃ㔞ⓗホ౯ἲ࡜ࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥἲࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࡟ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓᡭἲࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࠊᐇ㦂ࡸᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ
ࣥࡢィ⟬࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓᵝࠎ࡞ &X ᯒฟᙧែ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༢⊂ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡢล≧࣭ࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࣆࢽ
ࣥࢢ⬟ຊ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ&X ᯒฟ≀
ᙧែࡢᕪ࡟ࡼࡿ㌿఩ࢺࣛࢵࣉᶵᵓࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࡟㛤ⓎࡋࡓศᏊືຊᏛࣔࢹࣝࡢ࢚ࢵࢭࣥࢫࢆࠊᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶࡟୰ᅜࠊᾏ
༡ᓥ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿᅜ㝿఍㆟ࠊUG,6*86 ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧㸦-)( ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝᰴᘧ఍♫㸦༓ⴥ㸧ෆ -5&0 ศᐊ㸧
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ᴫせ㸸㸬㸣&㸫㸬㸣0Q㸫㸦㸫㸧㸣&X 㗰ࡢ &X ᯒฟᣲືࡢ
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡲ࡛࡟㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ 3H㸫&X ඖ⣔
ࡢணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᆒ୍㸩୙ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ➇ྜࣔࢹࣝࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟➨ ඖ⣲㸦)H㸫&X
㸫ϱ㸪ϱ㸻0Q㸪1L㸪6L㸧ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊ&X ῧຍ㔞ࡀ㐣ඹᯒ⤌ᡂ㸦㸣㸧࡟ᡂࡗࡓሙྜࡢᯒฟᣲ
ືࣔࢹࣝࠊ෭༷㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ㸦㐃⥆෭༷㸧࡞࡝ࡢᯒฟᣲືࡢ㏣ຍࢆࠊⲈᇛ኱Ꮫ࡜ඹ
ྠ࡛⾜࠺ࠋ≉࡟ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨ ඖ⣲ῧຍ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᣲື࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࠊ27$3
ࡸ 7(0 ほᐹࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜᳨࡛ウࡋࠊ➨ ඖ⣲ῧຍ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟಁ㐍ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒
ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ➨ ඖ⣲ࡢ೫ᯒ఩⨨ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐃⥆෭༷᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣟࢵࢻ≧ᯒฟ
≀ࡢᡂ㛗ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡞࡝ࡣࠊⲈᇛ኱Ꮫ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡿ 3KDVH㸫)LHOG ࣔࢹࣝࢆ࣮࣋
ࢫ࡟⾜࠸ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡿ ḟඖศᕸ࡜ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢ◊✲ィ⏬ᴫせ㸸ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࡟ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊ㸬㸣&㸫㸬㸣0Q㸫㸦㸫
㸧㸣&X 㗰ࡢ &X ᯒฟᣲືࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࠋ᭱⤊ᖺᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ
ࡲ࡛࡟᏶ᡂࡋࡓணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᆒ୍㸩୙ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ➇ྜᆺ )H㸫&X ᯒฟࣔࢹࣝࠊ
࠾ࡼࡧ )H㸫&X㸫ϱ㸦ϱ㸻0Q㸪1L㸪6L㸧ᯒฟࣔࣛࣝࠊ෭༷㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ㸦㐃⥆෭༷㸧
ࣔࢹࣝ࡞࡝ࡢᯒฟᣲືࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆయ⣔໬ࡍࡿసᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
㸦࢖㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟ᰾⏕ᡂࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
㸦㸱㸧㸦෌ጤクⲈᇛ኱Ꮫ㸧
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࡟㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࢆᐇ
㦂࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ≉࡟ࠊᐇ⏝㗰࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 0Q ࡸ 1L ࡞
࡝ࡢྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡀ &X ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ &DKQ㸫+LOOLDUG ⌮ㄽࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ
ࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ&X ᯒฟࡢࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ㸦3KDVH࣭)LHOG0RGHO㸧ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗ
ࡓࠋ)H࣭&X ඖ⣔࠿ࡽ╔ᡭࡋࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࢆྵࡵࡓ ඖ⣔ࡶࡋࡃࡣ ඖ⣔ࡢィ⟬ࢆ᭱⤊┠ᶆ
࡜ࡍࡿࠋィ⟬࡟⏝࠸ࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮ࡣᖹ⾮≧ែᅗࡢ⇕ຊᏛࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡼࡾධᡭࡋࡓࠋ
ϩ$
ࡲࡓࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࡢྍど໬ࡶ⾜࠺ࠋ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊከ✀㢮ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂࢧ࢖ࢺ㸦㌿఩ࠊࣛࢫቃ⏺࡞࡝㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࡢᯒฟ
ᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗≉ᛶࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ῧຍ↝ࡁᡠࡋ
࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ㗰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ᰾ᙧᡂึᮇࢆᢅ࠺ࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝࣟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࠊ┦ศゎᚋᮇࡢᯒฟ┦ࡢᡂ
㛗㐣⛬ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ㐃ᦠࡉࡏࡓ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ⤌
⧊ᙧᡂࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋ
&X ⢏Ꮚᯒฟࡢ LQ6LWX ᐃࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ೫ᴟ୰ᛶᏊ⥺ᅇᢡᡭἲࡢ㐺⏝࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࠊᮏᡭἲࢆᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟࣮ࣜࢻࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࠊ'HOIW ኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅࡜ពぢ஺᥮ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
㸦࢘㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡀຊᏛⓗ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡
㛤Ⓨ
㸦㸲㸧㸦෌ጤク஑ᕞᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ㸧
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡣࠊ㐺ṇ࡞ຊᏛ≉ᛶ㸦ᙉᗘࠊᘏᛶ㸧ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ㗰୰ࡢ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡢᙧែࢆ᫂
ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊ)H㸫&X ⣔ࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠୰࡟ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ␗࡞ࡿ &X ᯒฟ≀ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋດ
᩿ࡦࡎࡳୗ࡛ࡢศᏊືຊᏛゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᮏゎᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢࡍ࡭ࡾ⣔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸦㸧
ล≧㌿఩ࡢኚᙧ≧ែࡢᕪ␗ࠊ㸦㸧ດ᩿ᛂຊቑศࡢᕪ␗ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ஑ᕞᕤᴗ኱Ꮫࡣࠊ
ୖグィ⟬ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ࡜ィ⟬ࢆ᪂᪥ᮏ〇㘐㸦ᰴ㸧࡜㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ࡟ᚓࡽࢀࡓ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢ୍㒊ࡣᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶࡟኱㜰࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO$QQLYHUVDU\6\PSRVLXPRQ0ROHFXODU,㸧'\QDPLFV6LPXODWLRQV ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲
ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸱◊✲㛤Ⓨయไ
㸱㸬㸯ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨయไ
ᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡣࠊ-5&0 ࡛ࡢ㞟୰◊✲࡟ຍ࠼኱Ꮫ࣭௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ
◊✲ጤクࢆ⾜࠸ᮏ◊✲ࡢຠ⋡໬ࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱ࡛ࣝࡣࠊ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤ
Ꮫ◊✲㝔ࡢ㧗ᮌᩍᤵࢆ⥲࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ኱ูࡋ࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆ୺య࡜ࡍࡿࠕࢼ
ࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࠖ࡜ࠊィ⟬⛉Ꮫࢆ୺య࡜ࡍࡿࠕィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬ࠖ
ࡢ㸰ᮏࢆ㍈࡜ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟๓⪅ࡣࠕࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡ࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࠕ⢏
⏺࣭⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ไᚚᢏ⾡ࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ᖹ⾜࡟㐍ࡵ◊✲ࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔࣭ᮦᩱᕤᏛ㒊㛛ࡣ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊࠕࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣓ࢱࣝࠖ㸦ᖹᡂ㸷
㹼㸯㸱ᖺ㸧࡞࡝ࡢᅜᐙࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟῝ࡃ㛵୚ࡋࠊୡ⏺᭱ඛ➃ࡢ◊✲ࢆ≌ᘬࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ
㕲⣔㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚㇏ᐩ࡞⤒㦂࡜ඃࢀࡓᐇ⦼ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚◊✲ᐇ⦼ࡶ㇏ᐩ࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㛤Ⓨయไࡢ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡࡛ࠖࡣࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨཧ⏬ᶵ㛵㸦᪂᪥ᮏ〇㚩ओࠊ᪥ᮏ㗰
⟶ओࠊᕝᓮ〇㕲ओࠊఫ཭㔠ᒓओࠊओ⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤ㸧ࡣ㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢไᚚᢏ⾡࡟㛗ᖺࡢ◊✲㛤
Ⓨᐇ⦼ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ᪂᪥ᮏ〇㚩ओࡣࠊከᶵ⬟⤫ྜᆺᅽᘏᶵࠊఫ཭㔠ᒓओࡣ
ගᏛᘧ㸱ḟඖ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ⏝᳨ฟ⿦⨨ࢆᣢࡘ࡞࡝ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂⮬ࡢᙉࡳࢆಖ᭷ࡋࡓ◊✲
㛤Ⓨయไࡶ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⥲ྜຊࢆ⤖㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㎿㏿࠿ࡘຠ⋡ⓗ࡞◊✲㛤Ⓨ
ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㑅ᐃࡋࡓࠋ
ϩ$
䝘䝜䝯䝍䝹ᢏ⾡◊✲䝴䝙䝑䝖䊡
䠘㕲⣔䝘䝜䝯䝍䝹䠚 䠄⥲䝸䞊䝎䠖㧗ᮌᩍᤵ䠅
䠷ཷク⪅䠹
䞞㈈ᅋἲே㔠ᒓ⣔ᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨ䝉䞁䝍㻙
䠷෌ጤクඛ䠹
኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉
䠷෌ጤクඛ䠹
Ⲉᇛ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊 䠄䝸䞊䝎䠖ᴮᮏᩍᤵ䠅
䠷෌ጤクඛ䠹
஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 䠄⥲䝸䞊䝎䠖㧗ᮌᩍᤵ䠅
䠷ඹྠ◊✲ඛ䠹
ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉
䠘㕲⣔䠚ศᐊ
᪂᪥〇㚩ᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ
䠄⢏⏺䞉⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ไᚚᢏ⾡㻳㼞䝸䞊䝎䠖⢖㣤ཎ㒊㛗䠅
᪥ᮏ㗰⟶ᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ䠆
ᕝᓮ〇㕲ᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ㻖
䠄䝘䝜䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䞉䝘䝜ᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡㻳㼞䝸䞊䝎䠖బ⸨㒊㛗䠅
ఫ཭㔠ᒓᕤᴗᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ
ᰴᘧ఍♫⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤෆ
㻖㻞㻜㻜㻟ᖺ㻠᭶㻶㻲㻱䝇䝏䞊䝹㻔ᰴ㻕䛻⤒Ⴀ⤫ྜ ᅗ㸯ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨయไ㸦㒊ศ㸧
ϩ$
㸱㸬㸰ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᐇ᪋యไ
ࠕィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬࡛ࠖࡣࠊ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔ࡢ㧗ᮌᩍᤵࢆ⥲࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⤌⧊ண ࡞࡝ࡢィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡟㛵ࡋ㛗ᖺࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᐇ⦼ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿⲈᇛ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊ࠊ
኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ࠊி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ௻ᴗࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨཧ⏬ᶵ
㛵࡜ࡋ࡚᪂᪥ᮏ〇㚩ओࠊᕝᓮ〇㕲ओࡢ㸰♫࡟ࡼࡾᅽᘏ᫬ࡢ෌⤖ᬗ㛵ಀ࡜ )H&X ྜ㔠ࡢᯒ
ฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࢆᖹ⾜ศᢸࡋຠ⋡ࡼࡃ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿయไࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓࠋ
䝘䝜䝯䝍䝹ᢏ⾡◊✲䝴䝙䝑䝖䊡
䠘㕲⣔䝘䝜䝯䝍䝹䠚 䠄⥲䝸䞊䝎䠖㧗ᮌᩍᤵ䠅
䠷ཷク⪅䠹
䞞㈈ᅋἲே㔠ᒓ⣔ᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨ䝉䞁䝍㻙
䠷෌ጤクඛ䠹
኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䠄໭ᕝᩍᤵ䠅
䠷෌ጤクඛ䠹
Ⲉᇛ኱ᏛᕤᏛ㒊 䠄䝸䞊䝎䠖ᴮᮏᩍᤵ䠅
䠷ඹྠ◊✲ඛ䠹
஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲㝔 䠄⥲䝸䞊䝎䠖㧗ᮌᩍᤵ䠅
䠷ඹྠ◊✲ඛ䠹
ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䠄す㇂ຓᩍᤵ䠅
䠘㕲⣔䠚ศᐊ
᪂᪥〇㚩ᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ 䠄ྜྷỤ㒊㛗䠅
᪥ᮏ㗰⟶ᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ䠆
ᕝᓮ〇㕲ᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ㻖 䠄బ⸨㒊㛗䠅
ఫ཭㔠ᒓᕤᴗᰴᘧ఍♫ෆ
ᰴᘧ఍♫⚄ᡞ〇㗰ᡤෆ
㻖㻞㻜㻜㻟ᖺ㻠᭶㻶㻲㻱䝇䝏䞊䝹㻔ᰴ㻕䛻⤒Ⴀ⤫ྜ
ᅗ㸰ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬㛤Ⓨయไ㸦㒊ศ㸧
㸲㸬஦ᴗ㐠Ⴀ⟶⌮㸦ᐇ᪋⪅ࠊ⟶⌮⪅㸧ࡢ⌧≧
㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝ◊✲⪅඲యࡢ఍㆟࡛࠶ࡿࢼࣀ㕲ᢏ⾡ጤဨ఍ࡸࠊ㕲㗰㸳♫ࡢ௦⾲⪅࡟ࡼ
ࡿ఍㆟࡛࠶ࡿࢼࣀ㕲ᖿ஦఍࡟࡚◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝࡢホ౯࡜ㄢ㢟➼ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᇶ
࡟◊✲᪉㔪ࡢỴᐃ࡜ࡑࡢຠ⋡ⓗᐇ⾜ࢆᅗࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟◊✲⪅┦஫ࡢ㆟ㄽࠊ኱Ꮫ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௻
ᴗ࠿ࡽࡢᥦゝ➼ࢆཷࡅࠊ◊✲⪅⮬㌟ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࢔ࢵࣉ࡜ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ඲యࡢ㉁ⓗྥୖ࡟ດ
ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸳㸬◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝ
ϩ$
㸳㸬㸯◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ
㸳㸬㸯㸬㸯㕲⣔⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ
⾲㸱㕲⣔⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ
㡯┠
ᡂᯝෆᐜ
࢔ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼ )H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠⣔㸦)H&X ヨᩱ㸧
ࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡
&X ᯒฟ⣲㐣⛬ࡢ᫂☜໬㸦᰾⏕ᡂ࡟ཬࡰࡍ᱁ᏊḞ㝗ࡢᙳ㡪㸪
᫬ຠ◳໬୰ࡢ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡸࢧ࢖ࢬ࠾ࡼࡧᩘᐦᗘࡢ
ኚ໬ㄪᰝ㸧࠿ࡽ௨ୗࡢᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ
࣭ணṍࡳ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣๫✵Ꮝ⪃៖ィ⟬⛉Ꮫࣔࢹࣝ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜ࡋࡓ
ணṍࡳࡢᯒฟಁ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣ㸪'$3),0 ࡸ 7(0 ࡛ほᐹࡉࢀ
ࡿ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ࣭⢏Ꮚᐦᗘ࡜ࡼࡃ୍⮴ࡋࡓࠋ
࣭᫬ຠ୰ᯒฟ&XࡢEFFЍIFFᵓ㐀ኚ໬ᣲືࡢホ౯࡟࠾ࡅࡿ;$)6ࡢ
᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ドࡋࠊEFF㸭IFF㑄⛣ࡢ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ᫬ຠ
◳໬ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᚓࡓࠋ
࣭୕ḟඖ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ),0࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᫬ຠࡢྛẁ㝵࡛ࡢ&Xᯒฟ
≧ែࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡛ࡢ&Xᯒ
ฟࡢ≧ែࢆ㸪㐃⥆෭༷ᚋࡢ➼ ಖᣢ㸦㐃⥆⇕ฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸧
࡛ᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆゎ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ
㸧ᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰㸦࣮࣋ࢫ㗰㸸)H&0Q[&X㸧
↝ධࢀฎ⌮ᚋࡢᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁ࠊ᫬ຠ◳໬ᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍ &X ᯒ
ฟᣲືࡢᙳ㡪ゎ᫂ࡋ௨ୗࡢᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ
࣭Cu ῧຍ 0.19%C-1.5%Mn ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ㗰ࡣࠊCu ↓ῧຍ㗰
ࡢ 250Υ㹼550 ᫬ຠࡼࡾ㧗࠸◳ᗘࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
࣭Cu ῧຍ㗰ࡢ◳ᗘኚ໬ࡣࠊ᰾⏕ᡂࠊᡂ㛗࡟ࡼࡿ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᯒฟ
◳໬ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋࠊࡑࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡛ࡢ◳ᗘࡣࠊCu ῧຍ㔞ࡢ
ቑຍ࡟క࠸ୖ᪼ࡋࠊ4%Cu ῧຍ㗰࡟࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ Cu 㔞ࡣ⣙
2.5%࡜ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓࠋ
࣭450Υ᫬ຠࡋࡓ 4%Cuῧຍ㗰ࡣࠊ50㹼350Υ᫬ຠࡋࡓCu↓ῧຍ
࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊCu⢏Ꮚᯒฟ┦ࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ 50nm௨
ୗ ࡟ ไ ᚚ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ࠊ ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ ᗘ 㸦 TS 㸧 ࡀ 1200 㸫
1400MPa⣭ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ㗰ࡢᘏᛶ㸦El㸧ࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࠊTS
™Elࡢᣦᶆ࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿᙉᗘᘏᛶࣂࢸࣥࢫࡀ 11000 ࠿ࡽ
17000 ࡬࡜ᚑ᮶ᮦࡢ 1࣭55 ಸ࡟ᨵၿࡉࢀࡿᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ
࣭4%Cuῧຍ㗰ࡢ 450Υ᫬ຠฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⢏ᚄ 20nm௨ୗࡢCu⢏
Ꮚࡀᯒฟࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺࡀᚤ⣽໬ࡍࡿࠋ
࣭4%Cuῧຍ㛤Ⓨ㗰ࡣࠊCu↓ῧຍ㗰ࡼࡾඃࢀࡿᡂᆺᛶ࡜⌧⾜㉸
㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈ࡜ྠ➼௨ୖࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶ➼࡞࡝㌴య㐺⏝ᛶ⬟
ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࠋ
࣭Cu⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡸFeⅣ໬≀ࡢ⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗ᢚไ࡞
࡝ࡢࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㛤Ⓨࡢᣦ㔪࡜࡞ࡿCuῧຍຠᯝࡢ▱ぢࢆᚓࡓࠋ
ϩ$
࢖㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀
ᘏᛶྥୖ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ✲᫂ࡍࡿほⅬ࠿ࡽ㌿఩࡜ᯒฟ≀ࡢ┦
ゎᯒ
஫స⏝ࡢゎ᫂ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬࡢⅣ໬≀࣭❅໬≀◳㉁⢏
Ꮚ࡜㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ㸦&X㸧ࢆศᕸࡉࡏࡓࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠ࢆసᡂࡋຍᕤ◳
໬≉ᛶ➼ࡢẚ㍑ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ )H&X ஧ඖྜ㔠ࡢ㝆అᙉ
ᗘࡢᣲື࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ &X ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿࣆࣥṆࡵᶵᵓゎ᫂࠿ࡽ
௨ୗࡢᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ
࣭QP௨ୗࡢ&X⢏Ꮚ࡛ࡣࠊࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡚㏻㐣ࡍࡿ㌿఩ࡢ㞳⬺⮫⏺
ᙇฟࡋゅᗘࡀ⢏Ꮚᚄ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ቑ኱ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᶵ
ᵓࡣࠊศᏊືຊᏛⓗᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡿ&Xࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝
ホ౯࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ୰ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩
ࡢ7(067(0ほᐹ᳨࡛ドࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࣭QP ௨ୖࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚᚄ࡛㌿఩ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇฟࡋゅᗘࡀ⌮ㄽ᭱኱್
ࢎ࡟㐩ࡋࠊࡑࡢᙉ໬㔞ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ࡛ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ
ࢀࡣࠊ㐣᫬ຠᮦ୰ࡢ኱ᚄ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ୰࡟Ꮡ
ᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࣭◳㉁ࡢⅣ❅໬≀ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ࡚┦஫స⏝࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㺂㌾
㉁࡞&X⢏Ꮚࡢᣲືࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞㗰ᮦ≉ᛶไᚚᢏ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝࡛ࡁ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡯ࡰ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㸳㸬㸯㸬㸰㕲⣔ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ
⾲㸲㕲⣔ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝᴫせ୍ぴ
㡯┠
ᡂᯝෆᐜ
࢔ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣭ࢼ
࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⣔ &X ᯒฟᙉ໬㗰ࡢᙉᗘ࣭ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫྥୖ
ࣀ ᯒ ฟ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ⤌ ⧊ ண ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ゎ᫂ࡢࡓࡵࠊ&DKQ㸫+LOOLDUG㸦 ඖ⣔ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟ
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㸧࡜ /DQJHU㸫6FKZDUW] ࡢィ⟬㸦㐃⥆෭༷㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ &X ࢼࣀᯒฟࠊ↝ࡁᡠࡋ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖༓ࡢ &X ࢼࣀᯒฟ㸧ࣉࣟ
ࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᩚഛࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐃⥆ฎ⌮
ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡓࠋࢼࣀࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ &X ᯒฟࢆ೫ᴟ
୰ᛶᏊ࡛ࡑࡢሙほᐹࡍࡿヨ⾜ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡀࠊ᳨ฟ⬟࡟㝈⏺ࡀ࠶
ࡾᡤᮇࡢᡂᯝࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௦᭰ᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ /($3
㸦/RFDOL]HG(OHFWURGH$WRP3UREH㸧ἲࡢά⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆぢฟࡋ
ࡓࠋ
➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢจ㞟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡜㓄⨨࠾ࡼࡧ᣺ື
ࡢ࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊྂ඾ⓗ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽ࡛᝿
ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚ໬ࡢጇᙜᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ
Langer-Schwartz ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡾ᰾⏕ᡂࠊᡂ㛗ࠊ⢒኱໬ࢆྵࡴ඲ᯒ
ฟ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Cu ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤌ᡂࠊࢧ࢖ࢬࠊᐦᗘࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ
ࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࠋ&X ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࠊᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
⤖ᯝࡀࠊ7(0 ࡸ $3),0 ࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝ࡜ྜ⮴ࡋࡓࠋ
Fe ୰ࡢ Cu ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢจ㞟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬
Cu ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢቑຍ
࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᴟ኱್ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
࣭㌿఩ࡢṍሙ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚άᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬
ࡋࠊẕ┦⢏⏺࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ⢏⏺ࡢ⮬⏤య✚(freevolume)ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ
࡚᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬
ϩ$
࢖ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣭ࢼ
ࣀᯒฟ᰾⏕ᡂࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
࢘ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣭ࢼ
ࣀᯒฟ≀ࡀຊᏛⓗ≉ᛶ
࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢࢩ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ
&X ᯒฟ≀ࡢศᩓ≧ែ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ➨ ඖ⣲ࡢᙳ㡪ࠊཬࡧࠊከ✀㢮
ࡢࣀ᰾⏕ᡂࢧ࢖ࢺ㸦㌿఩ࠊࣛࢫቃ⏺࡞࡝㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࡢᯒ
ฟᣲືࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ 1㸦1XPHULFDO㸧㸫
0RGHO ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ3)0㸦3KDVH)LHOG0RGHO㸧ࢆά⏝
ࡋࠊ㧗⃰ᗘ &X ྜ㔠ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ&X ᯒฟ≧ែ
ࡢྍど໬ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
࣭&DKQ+Llliard ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽࡼࡾࠊCu ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⤌ᡂࡸ⃰ᗘ
ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀྜ㔠ࡢࣂࣝࢡ⤌ᡂ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࠊྜ
㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊணഛⓗ࡞᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
࣭Cahn-Hilliard ࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ Cu ⃰
ᗘࡀ⣧ Cu ࡼࡾప࠸ሙྜࠊࡲࡎࠊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ୰ᚰ⃰ᗘࡀ⣧
Cu ࡟㏆ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟⥆࠸࡚ᡂ㛗㸦༙ᚄࡢቑຍ㸧ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࣭Phase-Field ࣔࢹࣝ࠿ࡽࠊMn,Ni ࡣ Cu ⢏Ꮚ/ẕ┦⏺㠃࡟೫ᯒࡍ
ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ஦ࢆ✺ࡁṆࡵࡓࠋ
ศᏊືຊᏛἲ࡟ࡼࡾ&Xᯒฟ≀࡜㌿఩㸦ล≧㌿఩࡜ࡽࡏࢇ㌿
఩㸧࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝࠾ࡼࡧ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢኚᙧࡢ⣲㐣⛬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨
ウࡋࠊࣆࢽࣥࢢ⬟ホ౯ᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀㸦EFF
Ѝ5ЍIFF㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࡸล≧㌿఩ࠊࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩࡟ࡼࡿࣆࢽࣥࢢ⬟
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞㌿఩ᑟධᡭἲࢆ௜ຍ
ࡋࠊ7(0ほᐹ⤖ᯝ㸦㌿఩࡜ᯒฟ≀ࡢ┦஫స⏝㸧࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜
࠸ࠊEFF&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢᘏᛶྥୖ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᙉ໬ᶵᵓࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
ࡋࡓࠋ
ϩ$
㸳㸬㸰⥲⾲
⾲㸳㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㸯ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚ⥲⾲
┠ࠉⓗ࣭ពࠉ⩏
㕲㗰ᮦᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟᣲືࡸࢼࣀ㡿ᇦࡢᚤ⣽࡞⢏⏺࣭⏺㠃ᣲືࢆゎ᫂ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤌⧊ࢆไᚚࡍࡿᢏ⾡࡟㛵ࡋᣦᑟཎ⌮࠾ࡼࡧྜ㔠タィ࣭ࣉࣟࢭࢫᢏ⾡
ࡢᇶ┙☜❧ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝᛶ࡟ඃࢀࡿ&Xῧຍ㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㧗ᙉᗘ࣭㧗ᘏᛶ࣭㧗ᡂᙧᛶࠊ㧗ಙ㢗ᛶ➼ඃࢀࡓ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢼࣀไᚚ᪂ୡ௦」┦㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢ
๰〇ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ
ᖺࠉࠉࠉᗘ
◊ࠉ✲ࠉ┠ࠉᶆ
㹆㸯㸱
㹆㸯㸲
㹆㸯㸳
㹆㸯㸴
ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝᛶ࡟ඃࢀࡿ&Xῧຍ㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚
࢔㸬㌾㉁ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡿศᩓᙉ໬
࢖㸬⤖ᬗ⢏㉸ᚤ⣽໬ࡢ┦஌ຠᯝࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ⤫ྜⓗ࡞⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡋࠊࢼࣀไᚚ᪂ୡ௦」┦㕲㗰ᮦᩱࢆ๰〇ࡍࡿࠋ
୰ࠉ㛫ࠉ┠ࠉᶆ
㸦ᖹᡂ㸯㸳ᖺᗘ㸧
࢔㸬ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚ
࢖㸬⢏⏺࣭⏺㠃ไᚚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᶵᵓゎ᫂ࠊไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢᣦ㔪ࢆᚓࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭱㐺໬ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
ࡓࠊ୰㛫ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆᖹᡂᖺᗘ࡟ヨ᫖ࠊᥦฟࡢணᐃࠋ
◊
㸯㸧ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉ໬
✲
㸰㸧⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬ᙉ໬
ෆ
㸱㸧⤫ྜ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡
ᐜ
㸲㸧ᣦᑟཎ⌮ࡢ☜❧
ࢼࣀᯒฟ⣲㐣⛬ᢕᥱ
ᚤ⣽໬⣲㐣⛬ᢕᥱ
ᮦᩱ≉ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᢕᥱ
⌧㇟ࡢゎ࣭᫂ኚᙧࠊኚែࠊᯒฟࠊ෌⤖ᬗᣲືࡢほᐹ
㸦◊✲ᡂᯝ㸧
≉グ஦㡯
ᮦᩱ≉ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᢕᥱ
ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚ᪉ἲ㛤Ⓨ
ᚤ⣽໬ᶵᵓ
ࡢゎᯒ
㹆㸯㸵
⤫ྜ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ
㸦᪂ࣉࣟࢭࢫᥦ᱌ࠊ᪂ᮦᩱ๰〇㸧
ᯒฟࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
࣭Ⅳ⣲ࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸ྜ㔠࡟㛵
ࡋ࡚ࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ᰾
⏕ᡂᣲືࡸᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࢆㄪᰝ
࣭Ⅳ⣲ࢆྵࡴྜ㔠࡟࠾࠸࡚
&Xᯒฟᙉ໬ࡀⅣ໬≀ᯒฟᙉ
໬࡟ຍ⟬ࡉࢀࡿ஦ᐇࢆ☜ㄆ
ᯒฟࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
࣭ࢼࣀࣞ࣋ࣝᯒฟ┦ࡢホ
౯࣭ゎᯒᢏ⾡࡟┠㏵
࣭)H&Xヨᩱ࡛㸣ᘬᙇ
ࡢணࡦࡎࡳ᭷ᮦ࡛᫬ຠ ᗘ
Υ࠿ࡽᩘQPࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᚤ⣽
&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢฟ⌧ࢆ☜ㄆ
࣭PP[PP[PPW
⤌⧊ไᚚࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
ࡢ኱ᯈࢧࣥࣉࣝヨసࡋࠊᙉ
࣭኱ṍຍᕤ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿ㉸ᚤ ᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫ
⣽⢏ࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺࡢ⏕ᡂᶵᵓ 㸦76™(O㸧㸸㏻ᖖᮦࡢಸ
ࢆຍᕤࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺࡢ㟼ⓗࡲ ࢆ☜ㄆ
ࡓࡣືⓗᅇ᚟࣭෌⤖ᬗࡢほ
Ⅼ࠿ࡽゎ᫂
⤌⧊ไᚚࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ
࣭ኚᙧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ࠿ࡽ ࣭&Xࢼࣀᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ
ࡢࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ᰾⏕ᡂᣲືࢆ 㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚ȣP௨ୗࡢ⤖ᬗ
ゎ᫂ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࣔࢹࣝྜ ⢏ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㉸⣽⢏㗰ࢆ๰〇
㔠ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ウࢆ㛤ጞ
ࡍࡿᇶᮏ࣓ࢱࣛࢪ࣮ࢆⓎ᫂
࣭⌧≧᭱ᑠࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣᑠ
ࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝȣP
࣭ᘬᙇᙉᗘࡢ᭱኱್㸦◳ࡉ
࠿ࡽ᥎ᐃ㸧ࡣ⣙03D
࣭᫬ຠฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡿᇶᆅ
୰࡬ࡢ &X ࢼࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢศ
ᩓ໬࡛ࠊࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ㗰
࠾ࡼࡧ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ
㗰ࡢᙉᗘࢆ኱ᖜ࡟ቑຍ
࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓ᫬ຠฎ⌮
๓ࡢணṍࡳ௜୚ࡀ &X ࢼ
ࣀ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࢆಁ㐍ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋ
࣭୕ḟඖ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟ
ࣈࡢゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ&X
ࡀ㐣㣬࿴࡟ᅛ⁐ࡋࡓᅛ
⁐య࠿ࡽ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀᯒฟ
ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࢆ㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ほ
ᐹࠋࡲࡓࠊᨺᑕග ; ⥺
㸦63ULQJ㸫㸧㸫ϱ$)6
࡟ࡼࡾᙉ໬࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ
&X ᯒฟࢆᐃ㔞໬࡛ࡁ
ࡓࠋ
㺏㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡
)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠⣔㸦)H
&X ヨᩱ㸧
࣭ணṍࡳࡢᯒฟಁ㐍࣓࢝ࢽ
ࢬ࣒ࢆゎ᫂ࠋ
࣭᫬ຠ◳໬ࡣ EFF㸭IFF 㑄⛣
ࡢ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀࡢ
ᙺ๭ࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᢸ࠺ࠋ
࣭ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࡢ &X ᯒฟ≧ែ
ࡣ㐃⥆෭༷ᚋࡢ➼ ಖᣢ࡛
ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ࠋ
ᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰㸦)H&
0Q[&X㸧
࣭&X ࡛Υ᫬ຠࡋࡓ㗰
࡛ &X ᯒฟ⢏ᚄ QP ࢆ㐩ᡂ
ࡋ㸪᮶ᮦ࠿ࡽ 76™(O ࢆ ࣭
ಸ࡟ᨵၿࠋࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺ
ࡶᚤ⣽໬ࡍࡿࠋ
㺐㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀ゎᯒ
࣭QP ௨ୗࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡛ࡣ㌿
఩ࡣࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡚㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀศᏊືຊᏛ࡜ 7(067(0
᳨࡛ドࡉࢀࡓ㸬
㺏㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡
㸧ᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰㸦)H&
0Q[&X㸧
࣭&X ῧຍ㛤Ⓨ㗰ࡣࠊ&X ↓
ῧຍ㗰ࡼࡾඃࢀࡿᡂᆺᛶ࡜⌧
⾜㉸㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈ࡜ྠ➼௨ୖࡢ
ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶ➼࡞࡝㌴య㐺
⏝ᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࠋ
࣭&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵ
ࣉࡸ )H Ⅳ໬≀ࡢ⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗
ᢚไ࡞࡝ࡢࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㛤Ⓨࡢᣦ
㔪࡜࡞ࡿ &X ῧຍຠᯝࡢ▱ぢ
ࢆᚓࡓ㸬
㺐㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢࢼࣀᵓ㐀ゎᯒ
࣭QP ௨ୖࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ
ᙉ໬㔞ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ࡛ぢ
✚ࡶࡽࢀࠊ㐣᫬ຠᮦ୰ࡢ
኱ᚄ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫
స⏝࡟ࡼࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋ
࣭㌾㉁ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿ᪂㗰
ᮦ≉ᛶไᚚᢏ⾡ά⏝࡛ࡀ
࡯ࡰ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ྜࠉࠉィ
≉ࠉࠉチ
᪂⪺Ⓨ⾲
ㄽࠉࠉᩥ
ཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲
እ㒊Ⓨ⾲ᡂᯝ
㸦௳ᩘ㸧
ண⟬㢠
㸦༓෇㸧㸭ᘏ࡭◊✲᫬㛫㸦᫬㛫㸧㸨
㸨ண⟬㢠࠾ࡼࡧᘏ࡭◊✲᫬㛫࡟ࡣࠊィ⟬⛉Ꮫ㕲⣔ࢆྵࡴࠋ
㸨㸨ணᐃࡶྵࡴࠋ
㻞
㻝
㻠
㻝㻜
⾲㸴㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㸰ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬⥲⾲
ࠉ┠ࠉⓗࠉ࣭ࠉពࠉ⩏
ᖺࠉࠉࠉᗘ
◊ࠉ✲ࠉ┠ࠉᶆ
㗰୰ࡢࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⏕ᡂࡸࢼࣀᯒฟᣲືࠊཬࡧᙉຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿ㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ᙧᡂࡸࡑࡢኚᙧᣲື࡟ᑐࡍ ࡿࢩ ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞ ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡚ࠊࢼ
ࣀ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⤌ᡂ࡜ᵓ㐀ࢆไᚚࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢタィ࡜๰〇ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࠋ
㹆㸯㸱
㹆㸯㸲
㹆㸯㸳
㹆㸯㸴
㹆㸯㸵
࢔㸬≧ែᅗࠊ⇕ຊᏛࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྜ㔠⣔࡜ᡂศඖ⣲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᯒฟࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㦂್࡜ࡢㄗᕪࢆ㸣௨ෆ࡛ண ࠋ
࢖㸬㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢኚᙧ࠾ࡼࡧᙧᡂᶵᵓࡢゎ᫂࡜ண ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧ࠋ
୰ࠉ㛫ࠉ┠ࠉᶆ
㸦ᖹᡂ㸯㸳ᖺᗘ㸧
࢔㸬 ኚศἲࠊᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧࠊࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝࣟἲཬࡧ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢧ࢖ࢬࠊᙧែཬࡧศᕸࢆண ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ㕲㗰ᮦᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࣀᯒฟ≀⏕ᡂ
ᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠋ
࢖㸬 ඲࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ࢆ㏻ࡌࠊ㕲୰ࡢࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᏳᐃᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿᡭἲ㛤Ⓨࠋ
࢘㸬ศᏊືຊᏛࠊཬࡧࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝࣟἲ࡟ࡼࡾ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺ᙧᡂᶵᵓࡸኚᙧᶵᵓࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠋ
㸯㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟึᮇẁ 㝵ࡢ
ゎ᫂
ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⤌ᡂ㺂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ
㸰㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡢࢩ ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ
◊
ࠉ
✲
ࠉ
ෆ
ࠉ
ᐜ
㸱㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ ࡢᏳ
ᐃᛶࠊ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ ࣮ホ
౯ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ
㸲㸧㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢ ኚᙧ
≉ᛶ࡜ᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࡢゎ᫂
ᯒฟ㐍⾜඲㐣⛬
ࡢࣔࢹࣝ໬
ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࠊࢼࣀᯒฟ㸦ࢧ࢖ࢬศᕸࠊᐦᗘ➼㸧ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉ
ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㛤Ⓨ
➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡢ㕲
࡬ࡢᛂ⏝
⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ἲࡢ㛤
Ⓨ
¬
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬
ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ
⢏Ⓨ⏕ࣔࢹࣝ໬
ᙉኚᙧࠊᙉຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢኚᙧᶵᵓゎ᫂ࠊຍᕤ࡜
ᅇ᚟ࠊ෌⤖ᬗ࡟ࡼࡿෆ㒊⤌⧊ኚ໬ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ
ᩚྜ㺃㠀ᩚྜᯒฟ
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ᯒฟᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ࡢ
ᵓ㐀㺃ኚᙧᛂ⟅
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
☢ሙ
㸳㸧ᙉຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿ㉸ ᚤ⣽
⢏⤌⧊ࡢᙧᡂ࡜ᵓ㐀 ኚ໬
ࡢண ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧
◊✲ᡂᯝ
㻝㻕㻌䛾䝘䝜䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䚸䝘䝜ᯒฟ
䞉 㻲㼑㻙㻯㼡 ྜ 㔠䛾 㻯㼡ᯒฟ᰾䛻䛚
䛡䜛⁐㉁ ཎ Ꮚ䛾 ⃰ᗘ 䝥䝻䝣䜯
䜲 䝹䜔᰾䛾䝃䜲 䝈 䜢 䝅 䝭䝳
䝺䞊䝖䛩䜛䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䜢㛤Ⓨ
㻞㻕㻌⢏⏺䚸⏺㠃ไᚚ
䞉 ⢏⏺ 䛜 ඃඛⓗ 䛻䛩䜉䜚䜔⛣
ື䜢㉳䛣䛧 䛶㉸ ᚤ⣽ ⢏ከ ⤖ᬗ
య 䛾 ኚ ᙧ 䛜 㐍 ⾜ 䛩 䜛䛣 䛸 䛺
䛹䚸ᚤ⣽⢏䛻≉ ᭷䛾 ኚᙧ ᶵᵓ
䜢䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝖䛷䛝䛯䚹
䞉 ຍᕤ 䚸෌ ⤖ ᬗ㐣 ⛬ 䛻䛚䛡䜛
ள⢏⏺䛾ᣲື䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸ᇶᮏ
ⓗ 䛺≉ ᛶ䜢 ෌⌧ 䛷䛝 䜛䜰 䝹䝂
䝸䝈䝮䜢㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯
◊✲ண⟬ⓒ୓෇
୍⯡఍ィ
≉ู఍ィ㸸▼Ἔ
≉ู఍ィ㸸࢚ࢿ㧗
◊✲ᢸᙜ⪅ே
ཎⴭㄽᩥᩘ
ࡑࡢ௚ㄅୖⓎ⾲ᩘ
ཱྀ㢌>ᣍᚅ@Ⓨ⾲ᩘ
≉チ>እᅜ@ฟ㢪ᩘ
᪂⪺ሗ㐨➼ᩘ
㻝㻕㻌䝘䝜䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䚸䝘䝜ᯒฟ
㻸㼍㼚㼓㼑㼞䚷㼟㼏䡄㼣㼍㼞䡐㼦⌮ㄽ䛻䜘䜚
㻯㼡⢏Ꮚ䛾⤌ᡂ䚸䝃䜲䝈䚸ᐦᗘ
䜢䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝖䛩䜛ᡭἲ䜢㛤Ⓨ
㻔䜲㻕㻲㼑୰䛾㻯㼡䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䛾จ
㞟䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䜢ィ⟬
㻞㻕㻌⢏⏺䚸⏺㠃ไᚚ
㻔䜴㻕ኚᙧ䛻䜘䛳䛶ㄏ㉳䛥䜜䜛䜰
䝰䝹䝣䜯䝇ᵓ㐀୰䛾⤖ᬗ⏕ᡂ
䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䠄㻲㼕㼚㼚㼕㼟㻙㼟㼕㼚㼏㼘㼍㼕㼞
ከయ䝫䝔䞁䝅䝱䝹䜢⏝䛔䛯኱
つᶍྂ඾ศᏊືຊᏛゎᯒ䠅
㻟㻝㻚㻟
㻙
㻙
㻟㻝㻚㻟
ࠉ㸨ண⟬㢠㸭ᘏ࡭◊✲᫬㛫ࡣࠊࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㸦㕲⣔㸧࡜ࡢྜ⟬
㸨㸨ணᐃࡶྵࡴࠋ
࣭ᯒฟ≀࡟࡞ࡿ๓ẁ㝵࡛࠶
ࡿ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࠊ
⤌ᡂࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ
&DKQ㸫+LOOLDUG ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟
ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ /DQJHU 㸫
6FKZDUW] ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ &X
⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ
ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసᡂࡋ
ࡓࠋ
㻤㻣㻚㻢
㻙
㻙
㻤㻣㻚㻢
㺏㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡿ⤌⧊ண
㺚㺮㺋㺸㺎㺚㺌㺻
&DKQ㸫+LOOLDUG ࡜ /DQJHU㸫
6FKZDUW] ࡢィ⟬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᩚ
ഛࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࣉࣟࢭࢫࣔࢹࣝ࡟
Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡓࠋ
㺐㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟ᰾⏕ᡂ㺚㺮㺋㺸㺎㺚
㺌㺻
&X ᯒฟ≀ᯒฟᣲືࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ࢩ
࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ 1
㸦1XPHULFDO㸧㸫0RGHO ࢆ㛤Ⓨ
ࡋࠊ3)0㸦3KDVH)LHOG0RGHO㸧
ࢆά⏝ࡋࠊ&X ᯒฟ≧ែࡢྍど໬
ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
㺏㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡿ⤌⧊ண
㺚㺮㺋㺸㺎㺚㺌㺻
࣭)H ୰ࡢ &X 㺖㺵㺛㺞ࡢจ㞟㺒㺦㺷㺕㺼ィ
⟬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㺖㺵㺛㺞ࡢ⮬⏤㺒㺦㺷㺕㺼ࡣ
ᴟ኱್ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆゎ᫂㸬
࣭㌿఩ࡢṍሙ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ⪃
៖ࡋ࡚᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ
࣮ࢆィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬
㺑㺣㺧㺖㺵㺛㺞㺃㺣㺧ᯒฟ≀ࡢຊᏛ≉ᛶ
࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㺚㺮㺋㺸㺎㺚㺌㺻
ศᏊືຊᏛἲ࡟ࡼࡾ &X ᯒฟ≀
࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿ EFF&X
ᯒฟ≀ࡢᘏᛶྥୖ࡜ᙉ໬ᶵᵓࢆ
ゎ᫂ࠋ
ϩ$
㸳㸬㸱 ᡂᯝ
㸳㸬㸱㸬㸯 ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡
㸦࢔ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡
㸯)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠⣔
ձ)H&X ྜ㔠ࡢ➼ ᫬ຠᯒฟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪
ձ㸫㸯 ⥴ゝ
ᐇ ⏝ 㔠 ᒓ ᮦ ᩱ ࢼ ࣀ ࣓ ࢱ ࣝ ࣉ ࣟ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢺ 㸦㕲⣔㸧ࢼࣀᯒฟᐇ㦂*U࡛ࡣࠊࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ
⣔ &X ῧ ຍ 㗰 ࡢ &X ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࢱ ࣮ ࡢ ᯒ ฟ ᣲ ື ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ )H&X ྜ 㔠 ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚
㹼 Υ ࡢ ప ᫬ ຠ ฎ ⌮ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ◳ ᗘ ኚ ໬ ࠊ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ &X ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ࢱ ࣮ ࡢ 7(0 $3),0
(;$)6ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊィ⟬*U࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ/6ࣔࢹࣝ 1PRGHO࡟
ࡼ ࡿ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᯒฟண ᡭἲࢆά⏝ࡋࠊప ᫬ຠฎ⌮࡟࠾ࡅࡿ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᯒฟ
⣲㐣⛬ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ ࠋ
ᮏ ሗ ࿌ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ௜ ୚ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᯒ ฟ ಁ 㐍 ࡢ ࣓ ࢝ ࢽ ࢬ ࣒ ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊணṍࡳ
࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㐣 ๫ ✵ Ꮝ ࡢ 㔞 ࢆ 㝧 㟁 Ꮚ ᾘ ⁛ ἲ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ぢ ✚ ࡶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᐇ㝿
ࡢ ᯒ ฟ ࡛ ࡣ ㌿ ఩ ୖ ᰾ ⏕ ᡂ ࡜ ࣐ ࢺ ࣜ ࢡ ࢫ ୰ ࡢ ᰾ ⏕ ᡂ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⢏ ⏺ ୖ ࡬ ࡢ ᰾ ⏕ᡂࡀ➇ྜࡍࡿ
࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࠊ 㸱 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ᰾ ⏕ ᡂ ሙ ྜ ࡢ ィ ⟬ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ ࠊ ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ẚ ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࠊணṍࡳ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟಁ㐍ຠᯝࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
ձ㸫㸰 ᐇ㦂
ヨᩱ㸦)H&X㸧ࡢ໬Ꮫ⤌ᡂࢆ 7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࠋ⇕ᘏ᮲௳࣭෭ᘏ᮲௳ࡣ )LJ ࡟
♧ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ࡛ࠊస〇ࡋࡓ෭ᘏᯈࢆ $U 㞺ᅖẼ୰࡛ ΥPLQ ࡢ⁐య໬ฎ⌮ᚋ㸪Ỉ෭ࡋ
ࡓࠋணṍࡳࡣᘬᙇຍᕤ࡛ ௜୚ࡋࠊΥ㹼Υ㸪PLQ ࡢ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢヨᩱࡣࠊ㹊᩿㠃ᯈཌ୰ᚰ㒊ࢆ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘィ࡟࡚◳ᗘ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ㹖⥺ᅇᢡࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ༙౯ᖜἲ࡟ࡼࡾ㌿఩ᐦᗘࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࠋ⏝࠸ࡓ㹖⥺※ࡣ &R
㹉 Ș ⥺ ࡛ ࠊ ⁐ య ໬ ࡲ ࡲ ࠊ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ண ṍ ࡳ ࡲ ࡲ ࡢ ヨ ᩱ ࡢ ⾲ 㠃 ࢆ ◊ ๐ ᚋ ࢚ ࢵ ࢳ ࣥ ࢢ ࡋ ࡚ ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࡣేࡏ࡚ⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᯒฟ≀ࢧ࢖ࢬ࣭㛫㝸ࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜
ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㸱ḟඖ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ'$3),0࡟ࡼࡾࠊᚤ⣽࡞ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᯒฟ
ᐦᗘ࣭ᯒฟࢧ࢖ࢬࡢほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ'$3),0 ᐃࡢヲ⣽ࡣ ❶࡟ጤࡡࡿࠋ
ḟ ࡟ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ࢆ ௜ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㐣 ๫ ✵ Ꮝ ࡀ ࠊ ≉ ࡟ᣑᩓಀᩘ࡟኱
ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ㌿఩ࡸཎᏊ✵Ꮝ࡞࡝✵ᏍᆺḞ㝗ࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᩄឤ࡟㸦SSP
࣮࢜ࢲ࣮㸧᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ ᐃἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ)H&X㸰ඖ⣔ྜ㔠࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ✵ᏍᆺḞ㝗ᙧᡂ࡟ཬࡰࡍ &X ῧຍ࠾ࡼࡧணṍࡳࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࡓࠋ
ヨᩱࡣ7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⣧)Hࠊ)H&X࠾ࡼࡧ)H&X࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀண
ṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢヨᩱ࡜ ࠾ࡼࡧ ᘬᙇࡢணṍࡳࢆ௜ຍࡋࡓヨᩱࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᯛࡎࡘ‽ഛࡋࡓࠋ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ ᐃࡣIDVWIDVWFRLQFLGHQFHV\VWHP㸦᫬㛫ศゎ⬟ ⣙
SV㸧࡛⾜ࢃࢀ ࠊ࢝ࣉࢺࣥ⟩࡛ᐦᑒࡉࢀࡓ 1D⥺※㸦ȣ&L㸧ࢆࡇࢀࡽ ᯛࡢヨᩱ
࡛ࢧࣥࢻ࢖ࢵࢳࡋ࡚ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝゎᯒ࡟ࡣ326,7521),7 ࢆ⏝
࠸ࡓࠋ
ձ㸫㸱ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ
ձ㸫㸱㸬㸯 ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡟ࡼࡿ◳ᗘୖ᪼
)LJD࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ ᗘ࡛ ศ㛫᫬ຠࡋࡓヨᩱࡢ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡟ࡼࡿ◳ᗘࡢኚ໬
ࢆࠊணṍࡳࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦࡣࠊΥ࠿ࡽ◳ᗘୖ᪼
ࡀጞࡲࡾ Υ࡛◳ࡉࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ♧ࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊணṍࡳ࠶ࡾᮦࡢ᪉ࡣࠊ᫬ຠฎ⌮๓ࡢணṍ
ࡳ ࡲ ࡲ ࡢ ≧ ែ ࡛ ◳ ࡉ ࡀ ࣏ ࢖ ࣥ ࢺ ⛬ ᗘ 㧗 ࡃ ࠊ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ṍ ࡳ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ࠊ
ϩ$
Υ࠿ࡽ Υ࡟࠿ࡅ୍࡚ᗘ◳ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊΥ௨ୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡉࡽ࡟◳ᗘࡢୖ
᪼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ◳ࡉࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ Υ࡟࠶ࡾࠊΥ࡛ࡣ◳
ᗘࡀపୗࡋ㐣᫬ຠ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࡢ࠺ࡕࠊΥ㸪Υ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡟ࡼࡿ◳ࡉࡢኚ໬ࢆணṍ
ࡳࡢ᭷↓࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ )LJE࡟♧ࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦࡣࠊΥ࡛ࡣ ᐃ
ࡋࡓ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡛ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝◳ࡉୖ᪼ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊΥ࡛ࡣ VHF ࠿ࡽ
ୖ᪼ࡋጞࡵ VHF ࡛᭱኱◳ᗘ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊணṍࡳ࠶ࡾᮦࡣࠊΥ㸪Υ࡜ࡶ࡟
VHF ࠿ࡽ◳ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋࠊΥ࡛ࡣ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࢆ㛗ࡃࡋ࡚ࡶ◳ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡀࡉ࡯࡝࡞࠸
ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊΥ࡛ࡣ VHF ࢆ㉺ࡍ࡜ࡉࡽ࡟ୖ᪼ࡋࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦ࡜ྠࡌ◳ᗘ࡟࡞
ࡿࠋ
ձ㸫㸱㸬㸰 ㌿఩ᐦᗘࠊᯒฟ≀ほᐹ⤖ᯝ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࡢ㌿఩ᐦᗘ࣭ᯒฟ≀ศᕸ࣭኱ࡁࡉࢆほᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㹖⥺ᅇᢡࠊⷧ
⭷7(0ほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㹖⥺ᅇᢡࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ༙౯ᖜἲ࡟ࡼࡿணṍࡳ࡞ࡋ㸦⁐య໬ࡲࡲ㸧ᮦࡢ
㌿఩ᐦᗘࡣࠊ™ FP ࠊணṍࡳࡲࡲᮦࡣ ™ FP ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㌿఩ᐦ
ᗘ ࠊ ㌿ ఩ 㛫 㝸 ࠊ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 7(0 ࡛ ほ ᐹ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ኱ ࡁ ࡉ ࡢ ᯒ ฟ ≀ ࡢ ⢏ Ꮚ ᚄ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⢏ Ꮚ 㛫 㝸 ࡜ ࠊ
'$3),0 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᚤ ⣽ ࡞ ᯒ ฟ ≀ ࡢ ⢏ Ꮚ ᚄ ࠊ ⢏ Ꮚ ᩘ ᐦ ᗘ ࢆ 7DEOH ࡟ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ࡞ ࠾ ࠊ '
$3),0ࡣ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㔪≧ヨᩱࡢయ✚ࡶేࡏ࡚♧ࡍࡀࠊ'$3),0࡛ࡣࠊ7(0࡛ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ ࡿ ㌿ ఩ 㛫 㝸 ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ⊃ ࠸ 㡿 ᇦ ࡢ ᐃ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࠊ ㌿ ఩ ࡜ ㌿ ఩ ࡢ 㛫 ࢆ ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟
ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⾲୰ࡢヨᩱࡢⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹ⤖ᯝࡢ௦⾲౛ࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ'$3),0 ࡢ ᐃ౛ࡣࠊ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ձ㸫㸱㸬㸱 㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣๫✵Ꮝࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾ
)LJ ࡟ྛヨᩱࡢணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦ࡜ணṍࡳ࠶ࡾᮦ㸦㸣ᘬᙇ㸧ࡢᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ȫ P
ࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅗࡼࡾࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢヨᩱࡢᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ SV⛬࡛
࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ್ࡣḞ㝗ࡢ࡞࠸᏶඲⤖ᬗ㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ࡢᐇ㦂್ ࡜ࡼࡃ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋ
ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊணṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢ⣧)H࣭)H&Xྜ㔠࡟ࡣࠊ✵ᏍᆺḞ㝗ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ⣧ )H ࡟ணṍࡳࢆ௜ຍࡋࡓヨᩱ࡛ࡣᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ࡣ SV ࡲ࡛ቑຍࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ヨ ᩱ ୰ ࡟ ㌿ ఩ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ✵ Ꮝ ࡀ ᑟ ධ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓࠊ&X ࢆῧຍࡋࡓヨᩱࡢ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ)H&X ྜ㔠ࡢᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ࡣ
⣧ )H ࡢࡶࡢ࡜࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ྜ㔠ࡢணṍࡳᮦࡢᖹᆒ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ
࿨ࡣ SV ࡟ቑຍࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊከ㔞࡟ &X ࢆῧຍࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊ㌿఩࠾ࡼࡧ✵ᏍᆺḞ㝗
ࡀ )H&X ྜ㔠ࡼࡾࡶቑຍࡋࠊḞ㝗ᙧᡂ࡟ཬࡰࡍணṍࡳࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜
ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࠊ)H&X ྜ㔠࡛ࡣࠊ✵Ꮝ࡜ &X ࡀ࣌࢔࣮ࢆస
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ヨᩱ୰࡟Ḟ㝗ࡀṧᏑࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ࠊ &Xྜ 㔠 ࡢ ண ṍ ࡳ ᮦ ࡢ ✵ Ꮝ⃰ᗘࢆぢ✚ࡶࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊຍᕤ⋡ࢆቑຍࡋࡓ
ヨ ᩱ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ 㝧 㟁 Ꮚ ᑑ ࿨ ್ ࡢ ᡂ ศ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࠊ 㝧 㟁 Ꮚ ᾘ ⁛ ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡓḞ㝗
ᡂศࡢ࠺ࡕ 㸣⛬ᗘࡀ✵Ꮝ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊணṍࡳ௜ຍ࡟ࡼࡾᑟධࡉࢀࡿ✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘࡣࠊ
࠾ࡼࡑ 㹼 DWRPLFFRQFHQWUDWLRQ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ✵Ꮝࡣࠊ᫬ຠ๓ࡢ
᪼ ᫬࡟⢏⏺ࡸ㌿఩࡟ᣑᩓࡋ࡚ᾘ⁛ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ&X࡟ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀ࡚✵Ꮝ&X࣌࢔
ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚ṧᏑࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ձ㸫㸲 ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜ᐇ㦂್ࡢẚ㍑
ձ㸫㸲㸬㸯 ணṍࡳ௜ຍ࡟ࡼࡿ㌿఩ᐦᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ㐣๫✵Ꮝࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ⪃៖
⁐ య ໬ ࡋ ࡚ ᛴ ෭ ࡋ ࡓ ┤ ᚋ ࡸ ᖖ ࡛ ண ṍ ࡳ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓ ヨ ᩱ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ᖹ ⾮ ⃰ᗘ௨ୖࡢཎᏊ
✵ Ꮝ 9D ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽࡢ㐣๫✵Ꮝࡣࠊ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ࡣᖖ ௜㏆ࢆ㝖ࡁ㌿఩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ᴟࡵ࡚▷࠸᫬㛫࡟ᾘ⁛ࡍࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣ⣧㔠ᒓࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ)H&X
ᅛ⁐య࡛ࡣ୍㒊ࡢ✵Ꮝࡣ&XཎᏊ࡟ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ9D&X࣌࢔࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼
ϩ$
ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ✵Ꮝ࡜&XཎᏊࡢ⤖ྜ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ H9⛬ᗘ࡜ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 㹼 ࠋ
ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ✵Ꮝ࡜࣌࢔࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓ&XཎᏊࡢᣑᩓಀᩘࡣࠊ┦㛵ຠᯝࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᘧࠊ
D' a 02 pv (2w1 7 w3 F ) / 2
࡟ࡼࡾ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ ࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࠊD ࡣ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࠊ㹮 㹴 ࡣ✵Ꮝࡢ⃰ᗘDWRPLFIUDFWLRQࠊ
Z ࡣ✵Ꮝ࡜⁐፹ཎᏊ)Hࡢ఩⨨஺᥮⋡ࠊZ ࡣ✵Ꮝࡀ&XཎᏊ࠿ࡽ஋㞳ࡍࡿ☜⋡ࠊ)ࡣ ࠿ࡽ ࡲ࡛ࡢᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ✵Ꮝࡀᖹ⾮⃰ᗘࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࡢ&Xࡢᣑᩓಀᩘ'࡟ࡼ
ࡾ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࠊ)LJ ࡟S Y ࠾ࡼࡧ ࡜ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ'̓ࡀ'࡟ࡃࡽ࡭ࠊ࡝ࢀ
ࡃ ࡽ ࠸ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡀ ࠊ 㐣 ๫ ✵ Ꮝ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ᣑ ᩓ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢィ⟬
࡛ ࡣ ࠊ 㝧 㟁 Ꮚᾘ⁛ἲ࡟ࡼࡾぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓ✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘࢆ⏝࠸࡚S Y 㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘ
ࢆ 㹼 㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ձ㸫㸲㸬㸰 1PRGHO ࡟ࡼࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜ᐇ㦂್ࡢẚ㍑
ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊ 㝧 㟁 Ꮚ ᑑ ࿨ ᐃ ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ࡞ ࡋ ᮦ ࡛ ࡣ 㐣 ๫ ✵Ꮝ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪
ࡣ ࡯ ࡜ ࢇ ࡝ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ᮦ ࡛ ࡣ ㌿ ఩ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ✵ Ꮝ Ḟ 㝗 ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞
ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ஦ᐇࢆィ⟬࡟཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡲࡎࠊ㌿఩ᐦᗘࡣ;⥺ᅇᢡ
㸦;5'㸧࡟ࡼࡾᐇ ࡋࡓ್㸦ணṍࡳ࡞ࡋᮦ㸻™ FP ࠊணṍࡳᮦ㸻™ FP 㸧ࢆ⏝
࠸ ࡓ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ࡞ ࡋ ᮦ ࡣ 㐣 ๫ ✵ Ꮝ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡏ ࡎ ࠊ ண ṍ ࡳ ᮦ ࡢ ࡳ㐣๫✵Ꮝࡢᙳ
㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊ✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘࢆ ࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚ᘧࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᣑᩓ㏿ᗘ'̓ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
᰾⏕ᡂࢧ࢖ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊணṍࡳ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡋ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㌿఩ୖ࣭࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰㸦ᆒ୍᰾
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⇕ฎ⌮ࢆ⤊࠼ࡓヨᩱ࠿ࡽ㸪ගᏛ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ࠾ࡼࡧᚤᑠࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘ ᐃ⏝ࡢᯈ≧ヨ
ᩱ࡜࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ ),0 ⏝ࡢ㔪≧ヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾㸦7(0㸧⏝ࡢⷧ⭷ヨᩱࢆస〇
ࡋࡓࠋᚤᑠࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘࡣⲴ㔜 J㸪 Ⅼᖹᆒࡢ್࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㔪≧ヨᩱࡢస〇࡟ࡣ㸪ࡲ
ࡎᑠᯈヨ㦂∦࠿ࡽ㛗ࡉࡀ⣙ PP ࡛᩿㠃ࡀ⣙ PP ゅࡢᲬ≧ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⢒⿢᩿ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ࣐ࢵ
ϩ$
ࢳᲬ≧ࡢヨᩱࢆཌࡳࡀ ࣭P ⛬ᗘ࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛⢭ᐦᖹ⾜◊☻ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᶵᲔ◊☻ࡋࡓࠋḟ
࡟ࡇࡢ▷෉≧ࡢヨᩱࢆ㸪 ᯛࡢ࢔ࢡࣜࣝᯈ࡟ᣳࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ᅛᐃࡋ㸪ᅇ㌿◊☻ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚▷෉
≧ヨᩱࡢᖜ᪉ྥ࡟࢔ࢡࣜࣝᯈࡈ࡜ᶵᲔ◊☻ࡋ㸪᩿㠃ࡀ ࣭P™࣭P㸪㛗ࡉࡀ⣙ PP
ࡢ⣽⥺ヨᩱ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⣽⥺ヨᩱࡢඛ➃ࢆ㟁ゎ◊☻ࡋ࡚ 27$3 ⏝ࡢ㔪≧ヨᩱࢆస〇ࡋࡓࠋ
㟁ゎ◊☻ࡣ㸪ጞࡵ࡟ 㐣ሷ⣲㓟㓑㓟⁐ᾮ࡛඲యࡀ୸Წ≧࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⢒◊☻ࢆ⾜࠸㸪
⥆࠸࡚ගᏛ㢧ᚤ㙾ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡓᚤ⣽㟁ゎ◊☻⏝⿦⨨࡛ඛ➃ࢆ㔪≧໬ࡋࡓࠋᚤ⣽
㟁ゎ◊☻࡟ࡣ 㐣ሷ⣲㓟ࣈࢺ࢟ࢩ࢚ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ⁐ᾮࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ7(0 ⏝ⷧ⭷ヨᩱࡢస〇࡟ࡣ㸪
ᑠᯈヨ㦂∦࠿ࡽ PP ྛ⛬ᗘࡢ㒊ศࢆษࡾฟࡋ㸪ཌࡳࡀ⣙ ࣭P ࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛⢭ᐦᖹ⾜◊☻
ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚ⷧ∦໬ࡋࡓࠋⷧ∦ヨᩱ࠿ࡽȭPP ࡢ෇ᯈ≧ヨᩱࢆᡴࡕᢤࡁ㸪཮ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ㟁ゎ◊
☻࡟ࡼࡗ࡚✸Ꮝࡋ࡚ⷧ⭷ヨᩱ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪⁐ࡅฟࡋࡓ &X ࡢ෌௜╔ࡸ㓟໬⿕⭷ࡢᙧᡂ
ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㟁ゎ◊☻ᾮ㸦㐣ሷ⣲㓟࣓ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ㸧࡟ࢻࣛ࢖࢔࢖ࢫࡢᑠሢࢆᢞධࡋ
࡚㸪ࣂࣈࣜࣥࢢࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪ᾮ ࡣΥ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛పୗࡉࡏࡓࠋ
ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓගᏛᘧ୕ḟඖ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁⏺࢖࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙾㸦27$3㸧ࡣ㸪㕲⣔ࢫ࣮ࣃ
࣮࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢタഛ࡜ࡋ࡚ᑟධࡋࡓࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭&$0(&$♫〇ࡢගᏛᘧ୕ḟඖ࢔ࢺ
࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㸦2SWLFDO7RPRJUDSKLF$WRP3UREH27$3㸧ࡢ᳨ฟჾࢆ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢ㣕⾜᫬㛫ᆺ
࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈࡢ࣓࢖ࣥࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⿦⨨ࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣཧ
⪃ᩥ⊩ 㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ27$3ࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁⏺࢖࢜ࣥ㢧ᚤ㙾
㸦$3),0㸧㸧ࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㏙࡭࡞࠸ࡀ㸪27$3ࡢᇶᮏཎ⌮ࢆ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
㟁⏺⵨Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㔪≧ヨᩱඛ➃࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡓཎᏊ㸦࢖࢜ࣥ㸧ࡣࡑࡢ㣕⾜᫬㛫࠿ࡽཎ
Ꮚ✀ࡀྠᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ᳨ฟჾ㠃࡛ࡢ⾪✺఩⨨ࢆ &&' ࣓࡛࢝ࣛィ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ [\ ᗙᶆࡢ఩
⨨ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ᫬࡟᪤࡟᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࢖࢜ࣥࡢ⥲ಶᩘ࠿ࡽ㔪≧ヨᩱ⾲㠃࠿ࡽࡢ㊥
㞳㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ] ᗙᶆࡢ఩⨨ࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚㸪୕ḟඖⓗ࡞఩⨨᝟ሗ㸦[\] ᗙᶆ㸧ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢཎᏊࡀ࡝ࡢ఩⨨࡟࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ෌ᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
27$3ศᯒࡣ௨ୗࡢᡭ㡰࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪ヨᩱ ᗘ .࡟࡚1H࢞ࢫ࡛),0ീࢆほᐹࡋࡓࠋ
),0ീࡢほᐹ୰࡟༳ຍ㟁ᅽࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪⾲㠃ࡢ㓟໬≀ࡸࢼࣀ࣓࣮ࢺ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢲ࣮ࡢ
พฝࡀ㟁⏺⵨Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㝖ཤࡉࢀ㸪ࢫ࣒࣮ࢫ࡞Ύί⾲㠃ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡀ㸪Ύί⾲㠃ࡀ
27$3ศᯒ࢚ࣜ࢔ࡼࡾࡶ༑ศ࡟኱ࡁࡃᗈࡀࡿࡲ࡛༳ຍ㟁ᅽࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏࡓࠋ27$3ศᯒࢆጞࡵ
ࡿ๓࡟ࡣ㸪27$3᳨ฟჾࢆ),0࣮ࣔࢻ࡟ࡋ࡚),0ീࢆほᐹࡋ㸪ศᯒࡉࢀࡿ㡿ᇦࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋ㸪1H࢞ࢫࢆ᤼Ẽࡋ࡚ ™3Dࡢ㉸㧗┿✵࡜ࡋ㸪ヨᩱ ᗘࢆ .ࡲ࡛పୗࡉࡏ࡚㸪
ࣃࣝࢫẚ 㸪ࣃࣝࢫ࣮ࣞࢺ N+]࡟࡚27$3ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㏱㐣㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ࡟ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏ㟁Ꮚ〇 -(2/&;㸦ຍ㏿㟁ᅽ N9㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
ղ㸫㸱㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ
)LJ ࡟✀ࠎࡢ᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡢᚤᑠࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ
࠸࡯࡝Ỉ෭➼ ಖᣢࡢ᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺㸦ⓑᢤࡁ୸༳㸧࡟㢮ఝ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛࠶
ࡿ Υ ศࡢ◳ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥV ࡛࡯ࡰྠ➼ࡢ್࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪
᫬ຠ ᗘࡀ㧗┠࡛࠿ࡘ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡅࢀࡤ㸪㐃⥆෭༷ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡶ㐣㣬࿴ᅛ⁐య➼ ᫬ຠ࡜ྠ➼ࡢ᫬ຠ◳໬ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥV ࡛ࡣ᫬
ຠ◳໬᭤⥺㸦୕ゅ༳㸧ࡣ࡯ࡰᖹᆠ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚㸪◳ᗘࡣ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡟Ṥ࡝౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ㐃⥆෭༷ࡢ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚◳ᗘࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ &X ᯒฟࡀ᏶஢ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛㸪ࡑ
ࡢᚋࡢ➼ ಖᣢࡢᙳ㡪ࡀฟ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㐣㣬࿴ᅛ⁐యࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ᮲௳ࡣ
Υ ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪Ỉ෭Υ➼ ಖᣢࡸỈ෭Υ➼ ಖᣢࡣ㸪ள᫬ຠẁ㝵࡛࠶
ࡿ㹿
)LJ ࡟Ỉ෭➼ ಖᣢ࠾ࡼࡧ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ ΥV ࡛ Υ➼ ಖᣢࡢሙྜࡢ 7(0 ෗
┿ࢆ♧ࡍࠋỈ෭Υ ศ࡛ࡣẕ┦ࡣ୍ᵝ࡞ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾఱࡽᯒฟࢆ♧၀
ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡣᩘ QP ⛬ᗘࡢ⢏≧ࡢᩬⅬࡀほᐹࡉࢀ
ࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ ΥVΥ ศ࡛ࡣ⢏≧ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀࡼࡾ୍ᒙ㸪᫂░
࡛࠶ࡾࡇࢀࡽࡣ &X ᯒฟ≀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ)LJ ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪Ỉ෭Υ ศ࡛ࡣṤ࡝
ϩ$
◳໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ &X ࡣ㐣㣬࿴ᅛ⁐≧ែࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪&X ᯒฟ≀ࡀほ
ᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣᙜ↛࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ỉ෭Υ ศ࡜㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ Υ
VΥ ศ࡜࡛ࡣࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘ࡛⣙ ࡃࡽ࠸␗࡞ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪7(0 ෗┿࡛
ࡣṤ࡝┦㐪ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ㐃⥆෭༷ᮦࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࡴࡋࢁ㸪QP ⛬ᗘࡢ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡀ᫂░࡟ほᐹࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡃࡽ࠸࡛㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ 7(0 ࡛ࡣࡗࡁࡾぢ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡣࡶࡣࡸࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ
ࡢ◳ᗘࢆ୚࠼ࡿẁ㝵ࢆ㏻ࡾ㉺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡛ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ㸪㹖⥺ᑠゅᩓ஘ࡢ⤖ᯝࡸ),0ほᐹࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ 㹼
QP࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ7(0࡛ࡣIFFᵓ㐀࡬⮳ࡿ㏵୰ࡢ㑄⛣ẁ㝵ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ほᐹ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪኱ࡁࡉࡀ 㹼QP࡛EFFᵓ㐀࠿ࡽ 5ᵓ㐀࡬ኚែࡋ㸪QP௨ୖ࡛ 5ᵓ㐀࠿ࡽ 5
㸦IFF㸧ᵓ㐀࡬ኚែࡍࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)H࡜&XࡢཎᏊ༙ᚄᕪ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿᙎᛶࡦࡎࡳ
ࡣࢃࡎ࠿ 㸦㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪౛࠼ࡤ)Hẕ┦ࡢ!᪉ྥ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪᱁Ꮚ㠃㛫㝸
QPࡀ ᯛศ࡛⣙ QP࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ᫬࡟ྛ᱁Ꮚ㠃ࡢࡦࡎࡳࡀ ᯛศ⵳✚ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡶ QP㸦$㸧㊊ࡽࡎ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪฿ᗏ㸪࣑ࢫࣇ࢕ࢵࢺ㌿఩ࡶධࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࡽ
㧗ศゎ⬟ほᐹࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪EFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
)LJ㹼 ࡟ 27$3 ࡛ゎᯒࡋࡓ &X ཎᏊࡢศᕸ≧ែࢆ♧ࡍࠋ)LJ ࡀỈ෭Υ ศ㸪
)LJ ࡀ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ ΥV ࠾ࡼࡧ ΥVΥ ศ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ )LJ ࡀỈ෭Υ
ศࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡟࠶ࡓࡿỈ෭Υ ศ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀ࡜࡯ࡰྠ➼ࡢ◳ᗘ࡟࡞ࡿ㐃⥆෭༷㏿
ᗘ ΥV ࡢ &X ཎᏊࡢศᕸ≧ែࡣ࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪኱ࡁࡉࡀ 㹼QP ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀᆒ୍
࡟ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪7(0 ෗┿࡛ࡣ QP ⛬ᗘࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀ᫂░࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀ◳ᗘࡣࣆ
࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࡼࡾࡶపୗࡋ࡚࠸࡚㐣᫬ຠ≧ែ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ㐃⥆෭༷㏿ᗘ ΥV
ࡢ &X ཎᏊࡢศᕸ≧ែࡣ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࡢࡑࢀ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢಶᩘࡀῶࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪QP ⛬
ᗘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡟ẚ࡭࡚
&X ⢏Ꮚࡢಶᩘࡣ༑ศࡢ୍⛬ᗘ㸪኱ࡁࡉࡣ஧ಸ⛬ᗘࡢኚ໬࡛࠶ࡿࠋள᫬ຠẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿỈ෭
Υ ศࡢ &X ཎᏊࡢศᕸ≧ែࡣ㸪㐣㣬࿴ᅛ⁐య࡜ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࡢ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧
ែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪)LJ ୰ࡢ▮༳࡛♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ࡞ QP ࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ &X ⢏
Ꮚࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡿ཯㠃㸪ᅗ୰ࡢ୸༳ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞኱ࡁࡉࡀ㹼QP ㊊ࡽࡎࡢ &X ࢡࣛ
ࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ࠸ࡓࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡶぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪&X ⢏Ꮚ㸦&X ࢡࣛࢫ
ࢱ࣮㸧኱ࡁࡉࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࡢ༙ศ௨ୗ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ಶᩘࡣཝᐦ࡟ࡣᐃ⩏࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀᩘ༑
ಸ⛬ᗘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍㐃ࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽồࡵࡓᩘᐦᗘ࡜ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐃ㔞
ⓗ࡞᝟ሗࢆ 7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺࡜ &X ࡢᯒฟ≧ែ࡜ࢆ㛵㐃௜ࡅࡓᶍᘧᅗ
ࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
ղ㸫㸲㸬㆟ㄽ
㸯㸧㐃⥆෭༷࡛ࡢ &X ᯒฟ
㐣㣬࿴ᅛ⁐యࢆ➼ ಖᣢࡋࡓ᫬ࡢ&Xᯒฟࢆ777ᅗ࡛㸪㐃⥆෭༷ࡢሙྜࡢ&Xᯒฟࢆ&&7ᅗ
࡟ࡼࡾ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ)LJ ࡟ᮏ3-ࡢィ⟬⛉Ꮫ*U࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡓ777ᅗ㸦ᯒฟ㔞 㸧࠾
ࡼࡧ&&7ᅗ㸦ᯒฟ㔞 ࠾ࡼࡧ 㸧ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡎ㸪777ᅗ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿ࡜➼ ಖᣢ᫬㛫 ศ㸦V㸧ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟㸦ᯒฟ㔞 ࡢ㸧ᯒฟࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡢࡣ Υ௨ୗ㸪Υ௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࡇࡢ ᗘ⠊ᅖ௨እ࡛ࡣ₯అᮇࡢ᫬㛫ȫࡀ ศ௨ୖ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Υ ศಖᣢ࡛ࡣᯒฟࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࠋཝᐦ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ᯒฟ㔞 ࡲ࡛ࡢ
ᯒฟࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪≧ែᅗ࠿ࡽண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ඲ᯒฟ㔞ࡣ ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡢ
࡛ᯒฟ㔞ࡣ ࡟‶ࡓ࡞࠸≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ṥ࡝ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚ᕪࡋᨭ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ
ḟ࡟&&7ᅗ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ࡜㸪෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ Υ࡛ᯒฟࡀ㛤ጞࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ
࠿ࡽ Υࡢ➼ ಖᣢࡲ࡛ࡣࢃࡎ࠿ V࡛฿㐩ࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪㐃⥆෭༷ࡋ࡚ࡶᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣỈ෭
➼ ᫬ຠ࡜ྠࡌࡔࡅࡢᯒฟ㔞ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦777ᅗ࡛ࡢȫࡣ㹼 ศࡃࡽ࠸࡛࠶
ࡾ➼ ಖᣢ ศࡢ᭱ึࡢ ศࡣᯒฟࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧ࠋ୍᪉㸪Υ࡛ࡣ777࡛ࡣ₯అ
ϩ$
ᮇෆࡢࡓࡵᯒฟࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪&&7࡛ࡣ 㸺ࡣᯒฟࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࢃࡎ࠿࡟◳໬ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪)LJ ࡟♧ࡋࡓ◳ᗘࡢኚ໬࡜ᩚྜࡍࡿࠋΥ࡛Ỉ෭➼ ಖᣢࡢ᪉ࡀ㐃
⥆෭༷ᮦࡼࡾࡶ◳ᗘࡀࢃࡎ࠿࡟㧗࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ᚋ⪅࡛&X⢏Ꮚ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮㸧ࡢ⏕ᡂࡀࢃࡎ࠿
࡟ᑡ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣᐃᛶⓗ࡟ࡣ✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘࡢᕪ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ỉ෭ᮦ࡛ࡣ Υ࡛ࡢ⇕ᖹ⾮✵Ꮝ⃰ᗘศࡀ෾⤖ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㐃⥆෭༷ᮦ
࡛ࡣ Υ࡛ࡢ⇕ᖹ⾮⃰ᗘศ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ෾⤖✵Ꮝࡣ)H࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ&Xࡀᐜ᫆࡟ᣑᩓ࡛
ࡁࡿ ᗘ࡟ࡶࡕࡁࡓࡉࢀࢀࡤ㸪)H࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ&Xࡢ⛣ື࡟కࡗ࡚ࡍࡄ࡟ᾘ⁛ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪᫬ຠ ᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝&X⢏Ꮚ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮㸧ࡢ⏕ᡂ࡟ᑐࡍࡿಁ㐍ຠᯝࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞
ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㏫࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪᫬ຠ ᗘࡀప࠸࡯࡝ຠᯝࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢຠᯝࡣ)H࠶ࡿ࠸
ࡣ&Xࡢᣑᩓ㊥㞳࡜ࡢවࡡྜ࠸࡛Ỵࡲࡿࡢ࡛㸪᫬ຠ ᗘࡀప࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣᩘཎᏊ㊥㞳⛬ᗘࡢ
&Xࡢจ㞟 㸧 㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⏕ᡂಁ㐍⛬ᗘ࡟ࡋ࠿ຠ࠿࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ Υ࡛ᯒฟ㛤ጞ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪෭༷୰ Υ฿㐩ࡲ࡛࡟ᯒฟ㔞
ࡣ 㸦ࣇࣝᯒฟ㸧࡟㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪௒ᅇ➼ ಖᣢ࡟タᐃࡋࡓ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸
ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ Υࡲ࡛࡟࡯ࡰ඲㔞ࡀᯒฟࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪Υ௨ୗࡢ➼ ಖᣢ࡛ࡣ ᗘ࡟ࡼࡽ
ࡎ㏣ຍࡢᯒฟࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ◳ᗘࡣ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡟
Ṥ࡝౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡜ᩚྜࡍࡿࠋ
㸰㸧&X ᯒฟ≧ែ࡜◳ᗘ㸦ᙉᗘ㸧࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
7DEOH ࠾ࡼࡧ)LJ ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺ࡢ◳ᗘ࡜&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟ≧ែ࡜ࡀ
ᑐᛂ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᩘᐦᗘࡣள᫬ຠẁ㝵࡛ࡢ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮≧ែࡶྵࡵࢀࡤ㸪ள᫬
ຠẁ㝵࡛ࡢ P ࠿ࡽࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠẁ㝵ࡢ P ࢆ⤒࡚㸪㐣᫬ຠẁ㝵ࡢ P ⮳ࡿࠋࡇ
ࡢ᫬㸪&X⢏Ꮚ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮㸧ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡣ㸪ள᫬ຠẁ㝵࡛ QP௨ୗ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠẁ㝵࡛⣙
QP㸪㐣᫬ຠẁ㝵࡛ࡣ QP⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢࡀ㸦ྜయจ㞟ࡋ࡚㸧ῶᑡࡋ௦ࢃࡗ࡚ QP௨ୖࡢࡶࡢ
ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᩘᏐࢆᯒฟᙉ໬ࡢ㌿఩ㄽ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋཎᏊ
༙ᚄᕪ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ᱁Ꮚࡦࡎࡳሙ࡛ᯒฟᙉ໬㸦ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊࡢቑຍศ 'W 㸧ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㸪
࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࣑ࢫࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝ㸦ࡏࢇ᩿ࣔࢹࣝ㸧ࡣḟᘧ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸧ࠋ
3
'W㸻G ˜ H 2 ˜
f ˜r
b
㸦㸯㸧
ࡇࡇ࡛㸪 G ࡣ๛ᛶ⋡㸪 H ࡣᙎᛶࡦࡎࡳ㔞㸪 f ࡣᯒฟᙉ໬⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚ศ⋡㸪 r ࡣᯒฟᙉ໬
⢏Ꮚࡢ༙ᚄ㸪 b ࡣࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑦ㸪ࡇࡢᘧࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿᯒฟᙉ
໬⢏Ꮚࡢ⮫⏺༙ᚄ rc ࡣ b / H ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡇࡢ኱ࡁࡉ௨ୗࡢᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸦㸯㸧ᘧࡀ
ᡂࡾ❧ࡘ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋయ✚ศ⋡ f ࡣᯒฟᙉ໬⢏Ꮚࡢᩘᐦᗘ N v ࡜ᯒฟᙉ໬⢏Ꮚࡢ ಶ࠶ࡓࡾ
ࡢయ✚ࢆ࠿ࡅࡓᙧ࡛᭩ࡅࡿࡢ࡛㸦㸯㸧ᘧࡣ㸪
'W㸻2.0 ˜
G
b
˜H
3
2
˜ r 2 ˜ Nv 㸦㸰㸧
࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᯒฟᙉ໬ࢩࣟࡣ㸪⢏Ꮚࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ⮫⏺༙ᚄࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࠸㛫࡞ࡽࡤࢧ࢖
ࢬࡢ㸰஌࡛኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ᩘᐦᗘࡢ㸯㸭㸰஌࡛኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ)H&X ࡢሙྜ㸪
b ࡟ QP㸪 H ࡟ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜㸪 rc QP ࡜࡞ࡾᮏᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡣࡇࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ㆟ㄽ࡛
ࡁࡿ⠊ᅖෆ࡟࠶ࡿࡀ㸪QP ⛬ᗘ༙ᚄ࡞ࡽ QP ⛬ᗘࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀ⏕ᡂࡋࡓẁ㝵࡛㐣᫬ຠ
࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ᙉ໬ࢩࣟࡀῶᑡࡋࡣࡌࡵࡿࡢ࡛㸪㸦㸰㸧ᘧࡀ౑࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪ᩘᐦᗘࡀ㸯ࢣࢱ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓ᫬࡟㸪⢏Ꮚࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ༙ศ࠶ࡿ
࠸ࡣ஧ಸ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪๓⪅ࡀ㸯㸭㸰஌࡛㸪ᚋ⪅ࡀ㸰஌࡛ຠ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣṤ
࡝ᕪࡀ࡛࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ◳ᗘࡣ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࡶ
ࡏࢇ᩿ࣔࢹࣝࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ H ࡀ㸪
ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢ᪉ࡀ◳ࡃ࡚㌾ࡽ࠿࠸ẕ┦ࡢ᪉ࡀṍࡲࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺௬ᐃ࡟❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
࡜㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ&Xࡢࡼ࠺࡟㌾㉁࡞⢏Ꮚࡀ)H୰࡟ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪㌿
ϩ$
఩㐠ືࡢ᢬ᢠ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࡣᐜ᫆࡟᝿ീ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪◳࠸⢏Ꮚ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓ
ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ྠࡌࣔࢹࣝࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ୙࡛᫂㸪ࡴࡋࢁ඲ࡃ㐪ࡗࡓᶵᵓ࡛㌿఩ࡢ㐠
ືࢆጉᐖࡍࡿ࡜᝿ീࡉࢀࡿࠋ)LQH࡜,VKHLPࡣ)H&Xྜ㔠ࡢᯒฟᙉ໬ᶵᵓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋ㸪
㸦ࡇࡇ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡢ࡜ྠࡌ㸧࣑ࢫࣇ࢕ࢵࢺᙉ໬㸪⛉Ꮫⓗ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿᙉ໬࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ๛ᛶ
⋡ᕪ࡟ࡼࡿᙉ໬ࡣ࡝ࢀࡶ୺ࡓࡿᅉᏊ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡣࡎࡔ㸪࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚㎺ࡾ
╔࠸ࡓ⤖ㄽࡣ㸪ࠕ㌿఩ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪EFFᵓ㐀ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᒁᡤⓗ࡟IFF࡟㢮ఝࡋ
ࡓᵓ㐀㸦౛࠼ࡤ 5ᵓ㐀㸧࡬͆ኚែࡉࡏࡿ͇㝿ࡢ௙஦ࡀᙉ໬ࡢ୺ᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜᥎ᐹࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆᶍᘧⓗ࡟ᥥࡅࡤ㸪)LJ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ᥎ㄽࢆᮏᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡟ᙜ
࡚ࡣࡵ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜▩┪ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ள᫬ຠẁ㝵㸦Ỉ෭Υ ศ㸧ࡢ
㹼QP኱㸦༢఩⬊ 㹼 ಶศ㸧ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡣ࿘㎶ẕ┦࡜ࡢ༊ูࡀ᫂☜࡛࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪㌿఩
࡛ࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶ᱁ᏊḞ㝗ࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡾ㸪㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉ➼࡟㢮ఝࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡞ⱝᖸࡢ௙஦ࡔࡅ࡛㸪IFF࡬ࡢࠕኚែࠖ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪㐣᫬ຠẁ㝵㸦㐃⥆෭༷
㏿ᗘ ΥV㸧ࡢ QP኱ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡣࡍ࡛࡟IFF࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪㌿఩ࡀ㏻㐣ࡋ࡚ࡶEFFЍ
IFFࡢኚែ௙஦࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᐤ୚ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪IFFЍKFSࡢ✚ᒙḞ㝗ᙧᡂࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤ㸪ⱝᖸ
ࡢ௙஦࡟ࡣ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᑡࡋࡣᙉ໬࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ᥎ㄽࡣࡶࡗ
࡜ࡶࡽࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᐇ㦂ⓗ࡞ドᣐࢆࡘ࠿ࡴࡢࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ
᫬ຠ≧ែࡢ)H&Xࢆኚᙧࡉࡏ࡚㸪ኚᙧࡢ๓ᚋ࡛୺ࡔࡗࡓ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᵓ㐀ࡀEFF࠿ࡽIFF࡟ኚࢃ
ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡏࡤ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟EFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡣ7(0࡛ࡣほᐹ࡛ࡁ
࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ27$3ࡶಶࠎࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࡝ཎᏊ఩⨨ࢆṇ☜࡟Ỵ
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ࡇࡢ᥎ㄽࡢጇᙜᛶࡣ௨ୗࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡶホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋEFF&X⢏Ꮚࡀ୍᪦㸪IFF࡟ኚែࡋ
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Nv = 1024/m3
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600
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550
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450
400
102
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;$)6ࡣᯒฟ≀ࡢᵓ㐀ゎᯒࡀྍ⬟࡞ホ౯ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ᫬
ຠ୰ࡢEFFЍIFFᵓ㐀ኚ໬ᣲືࡢホ౯࡟᭷ຠ࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᩥ⊩࡛ࡢ;$)6ホ
౯࡛ࡣࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟EFFࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㺂
ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟୍㒊ࡢ஘ࢀࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ᏶඲࡞EFF࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᮏ◊✲
࡛ࡣࠊᨺᑕග63ULQJ ࡢ;$)6࡟ࡼࡿ㗰୰&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࢆホ౯࡛ࡁࡿᡭἲࡢ᳨
ウࢆࠊࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ⣔)H&Xྜ㔠࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ճ㸫㸰㸬ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ
ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ -)( ࢫࢳ࣮࡛ࣝస〇ࡉࢀࡓඹ㏻ヨᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ⣔ )H
&X ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ;$)6 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓヨᩱࡢຍᕤ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࢆ 7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
;$)6 ᐃᐇ㦂࡟ࡣࠊ㸦㈈㸧㧗㍤ᗘග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ㸫ࠊ኱ᆺࢩࣥࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥᨺᑕග
ᐇ㦂᪋タ63ULQJ࣭%/%㸦Ẹ㛫 ♫ࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⏘ᴗ⏝ᑓ⏝ࣅ㸫࣒ࣛ࢖ࣥᘓタ฼
⏝ඹྠయࡢࢧࣥࣅ㸫࣒㸧ࡢ;$)6ᐇ㦂⿦⨨㸦)LJ ཧ↷㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ[[PPࡢᯈ
ᮦࢆࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࡀࠊ㞟ග࣑ࣛ㸫࡟ࡼࡾࣅ࣮࣒ᚄࡣ⣙ȭPP࡟ᩚᙧࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
┤ᚄ⣙ PPࡢ⌫≧ࡢయ✚࠿ࡽࡢ᝟ሗࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ౪ヨᮦ୰ࡢ&Xࡣ 㸣࡜ᚤ㔞ࡢⅭࠊ⺯
ග;⥺཰㔞ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ;$)6 ᐃࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ᐃࡣᖖ ࡛&Xࡢ.྾཰➃ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ&Xࡢ.
Ș ⥺ ࡢ ᳨ ฟ ࡟ ࡣ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ࣝ ᳨ ฟ ჾ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ ゎ ᯒ ࡟ ࡣ ,;6,QWHUQDWLRQDO ;$)6
6RFLHW\࡛ዡບࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿග㟁Ꮚከ㔜ᩓ஘⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡿ;$)6ࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ㸫ࢩࣙࣥࢯࣇࢺ
)())㸧 ࡜ᵓ㐀ࣃ࣓ࣛ㸫ࢱ࠿ࡽཎᏊᗙᶆࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࢯࣇࢺ$7206㸧 ࠊࡇࢀࡽ㸰ࡘࡢ
ࢯࣇࢺ࡜ࣜࣥࢡࡋ୍࡚㐃ࡢ;$)6ゎᯒࡀྍ⬟࡞ࢯࣇࢺ:LQ;$6ࡢ⤌ྜࡏࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
ճ㸫㸱㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ
)LJ ࡟ග㟁Ꮚࡢከ㔜ᩓ஘⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥồࡵࡓ㗰୰ &X ࡢ . ྾཰➃
㏆ഐࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㸦;$1(6㸧ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᐇ ࡢ IFF&X ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣᅛ⁐ &X ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
EFF&X ࡜ࡣࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝᙧ≧ࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ≉࡟ NH9 ࠾ࡼࡧ NH9 ㏆ഐ࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࣆ
࣮ࢡࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊNH9 ࡛ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉ࡜ NH9 ㏆ഐࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖
ࣝᙧ≧࡛ࠊ᫬ຠᣲືࡢゎᯒࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊEFF&X ᯒฟࡣ EFF ࡢ
㕲࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡟ᅛ⁐≧ែ࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ༊ูࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ᫂
☜࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
)H&X ࡢணṍᮦ࠾ࡼࡧணṍ࡞ࡋᮦ࡟ྛ✀᮲௳࡛᫬ຠฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ
;$)6 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋNH9 ㏆㎶ࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝᙧ≧ࡀ᮲௳࡟ࡼ
ϩ$
ࡾ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋྛ ᗘ࡛ ศ㛫᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓ᫬ࡢ◳ࡉኚ໬ࢆ )LJ ࡟♧
ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩥ⊩⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ Υ௨ୖࡢ᫬ຠฎ⌮࡛◳ࡉࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡜
NH9 ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡢ㛵ಀࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡶ Υ௨ୖ࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡀ኱ࡁ
ࡃୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ)LJ ࡢ◳ࡉኚ໬ࡢᣲື࡜ఝࡓഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ⁐
య໬ࡲࡲᮦ࠿ࡽࡢ◳ࡉୖ᪼Ǽ+Y ࡜ NH9 ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࢆࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ)LJ
࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㐣᫬ຠᮦࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ᫬ຠ◳ࡉᣲື࡜ NH9 ࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉ࡟ẚ㍑ⓗࡼ࠸┦㛵
ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ;$)6 ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ NH9 ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛᫬ຠ◳໬ᣲືࡀゎᯒ
࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ㐣᫬ຠᮦࡀ௚ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢഴྥ࡜␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊNH9 ࣆ
࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉࡣࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗ᣲືࢆ♧ࡍࡀࠊ◳ࡉࡣ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮
ࡀ⢒኱࡟ᡂ㛗ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ◳ࡉࡀୗࡀࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ)LJ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㹼NH9㎶ࡾࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀEFF&Xࡸ
ᅛ⁐࡜ྠᵝࡢᙧ≧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㺂Υ࡛᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡉࢀࡓ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ࡣᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛࡞ࡐࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ௨ୗ࡛⪃
ᐹࡍࡿࠋ㐣᫬ຠᮦࡣඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀIFFᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ᅛ⁐㝈௨ୗࡢᅛ⁐&XࡶඹᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ)LJ ࡟ᅛ⁐ࠊEFFࠊIFF&X࡛ᚓ
ࡽࢀࡿࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㹼NH9࡛ᅛ⁐&X࡜IFF&Xࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢ
พฝࡀ࡯ࡰ㏫ࡢഴྥࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ;$)6 ᐃࢆࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊヨᩱ୰࡟ᅛ⁐ࠊ
IFFࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ≧ែࡀඹᏑࡍࢀࡤࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≧ែࡢ&XཎᏊ࠿ࡽಙྕࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊᚓࡽࢀ
ࡿ;$)6ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣᅛ⁐ࠊIFFࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ࠶ࡿ๭ྜ࡛ྜᡂࡋࡓᙧ≧࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㐣
᫬ຠᮦ࡛ 㹼NH9㎶ࡾ࡟ᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊඹᏑࡍࡿᅛ⁐&X࡜
IFF&Xࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝพฝࡀ࡯ࡰ㏫࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࣆ࣮ࢡࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀᡴࡕᾘࡋ࠶࠸ᖹᆠ࡟
࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᐇ㝿࡟㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵᵓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀጇ
ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᅛ⁐ࠊIFF&Xࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢྜᡂ࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ)LJ ࡟ィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡀࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡶ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ᐇ ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ 㹼NH9㎶ࡾࡀᖹᆠ࡜࡞ࡿࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢࣉ
ࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣᅛ⁐&X࡜IFF&Xࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᑐ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ᑐ ࡛ྜ
ᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢྜᡂ๭ྜ࡜&X⃰ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᐃ㔞ᛶࡣ⌧≧ࠊཝᐦ࡟
ࡣㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊྜᡂ๭ྜ࡜&X⃰ᗘࡀᑐᛂࡍࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡍࢀࡤᅛ⁐&Xࡀ a࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋヨᩱ୰ࡢ&Xྵ᭷㔞ࡀ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜ Υ ศฎ⌮ࡋࡓ㐣᫬ຠ
ᮦࡢᅛ⁐&X⃰ᗘࡣ࠾࠾ࡼࡑ ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㛗ࡽࡣ&X᫬ຠ㐣⛬ࡢᅛ⁐࣭ᯒฟ&X⃰
ᗘࢆ ᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊΥ ศฎ⌮ࡋࡓ)H&0Q&Xᮦࡢᅛ⁐&X⃰ᗘࡣ࠾࠾ࡼࡑ
࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓᅛ⁐&X⃰ᗘࡶ࡯ࡰ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽࠊࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝྜᡂ๭ྜ࡟ࡼࡾ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࠊ&X⃰ᗘࡢゎᯒࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊNH9ࡣIFF&X࡟≉᭷࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࡣIFF&X
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊEFF&X࡛⏕ࡌࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇ NH9ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉ࡜᫬ຠ◳ࡉ
࡟┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ◳ࡉୖ᪼࡟ࡣIFF≧ࡢ&Xࡶఱࡽ࠿ࡢຠᯝࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ
⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㗰୰࡛㐣㣬࿴࡟ᅛ⁐ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ&Xࢆ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡍࡿ࡜EFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&Xࡢࢡ
ࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀࡲࡎ⏕ᡂࡋࠊᡂ㛗࡟క࠸IFFᵓ㐀࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ◳ࡉࡀపୗࡍࡿ㐣᫬ຠ
≧ែࡣ&XࡀIFFᵓ㐀࡟ኚ໬ࡋࠊ⢒኱࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛⏕ࡌࡿ࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ
๓ࡢヨᩱ࡛㗰୰ࡢ&Xࡀ᏶඲࡟IFFᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣ㺂NH9
㏆ഐࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞㐣᫬ຠᮦ௨እࡣ㺂EFF࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ⿬௜ࡅࡽ
ࢀࡿࠋ;$1(6ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢప࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ➨㸯㏆᥋ཎᏊࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀ᏶
඲࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊ➨㸯㏆᥋ཎᏊࡀIFFᵓ㐀࡟㏆ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤIFF࡟≉᭷ࡢ;$1(6ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ&Xࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࡟ࡣEFFᵓ㐀࠿ࡽIFFᵓ㐀࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ㏵୰୍࡛㒊IFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷
ࡍࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㺂௒ᅇIFFᵓ㐀࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ NH9࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ
๓ࡢ◳ࡉୖ᪼ࡀᩚ⌮࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊEFF࠿ࡽIFF࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ◳ࡉୖ
᪼࡟ᐤ୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ϩ$
&Xࡢ᫬ຠᯒฟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ;$)6௨እ࡟ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝ㕲⣔◊✲య࡛$3),0
ࡸ㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛➼࡟ࡼࡾ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛࡛ࡣ᫬ຠ◳ࡉࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸
)H&Xࡢணṍ࡞ࡋᮦࡢ ΥaΥ ศฎ⌮ᮦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ:ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢኚ໬ࡀㄆ
ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ$3),0࡛ࡶ◳ࡉࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ Υ ศฎ⌮ᮦ࡛ࡶࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮
ࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ;$)6ࡢ NH9ࣆ࣮ࢡࡢゎᯒ࡛ࡣඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓ㏻ࡾࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗ࡉ
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PLQࡢ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣ+YࡣNJIPP࡛పୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊΥ࡛PLQࡢ᫬ຠ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡣࠊ+YࡣNJIPPࠊΥ࡛PLQࡢ᫬ຠ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ+YࡣNJIPPࡲ࡛ᙉ
ᗘపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ↝ᡠࡋ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺◳ᗘపୗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌿఩
ᐦᗘࡢపୗࡸⅣ໬≀ᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡿᅛ⁐&ࡢῶᑡ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ϩ$
ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ&X㗰ࡢΥ࡛PLQࡢ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡜ྠࡌࡃ+Yࡣ
NJIPP࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ◳ᗘపୗࡢᢚไࡀⴭࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊPLQࡢ᫬
ຠ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ+YӍNJIPPࠊࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊΥ࡛ࡢ᫬ຠ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ
PLQ௨ෆࡢ᫬ຠ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ+YӍNJIPPࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋΥ࡛ࡢ᫬ຠ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡣࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣ᫬㛫ࡢቑ኱࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠸༢ㄪ࡟ᙉᗘపୗࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X
㗰࡛ࡣPLQ௨ෆࡢ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣ+YӍNJIPPࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊPLQࡢ᫬ຠ࡟
࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ+YࡣNJIPP࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ◳ᗘࡀNJIPP⛬ᗘࠊ㧗
࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊ᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ◳ᗘపୗᢚไຠᯝ࡟࠾ࡼࡰࡍ&Xῧຍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ
࡟ࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡜&X㗰ࡢྠ୍᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡢࣦ࢕ࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘᕪǼ+Yࢆ᫬ຠ᫬㛫
࡜ ᗘ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ࡟♧ࡍࠋ)LJࡼࡾࠊ᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ◳ᗘపୗᢚไ㔞Ǽ
+Yࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡢቑ኱࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ୖ᪼ࡋ࡚ࠊ≉ᐃࡢ᫬ຠ
᫬㛫࡛᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡕࠊࡉࡽ࡟᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡀቑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜పୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
◳ᗘపୗᢚไ㔞ࡢ᭱኱್ࡣࠊ᫬ຠ ᗘΥ࡛ࡣ+Y࡛NJIPPࠊΥ࡛NJIPP
࡜᫬ຠ ᗘࡢୖ᪼࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㹼Υࡢ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣ࡯ࡰNJIPP࡛
୍ᐃ್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ◳ᗘపୗᢚไ㔞ࡀ᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡍ᫬ࡢ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡣࠊ᫬ຠ ᗘࡢୖ᪼࡜࡜ࡶ࡟▷᫬㛫ഃ࡟⛣⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ&X㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢᩚ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖
ᯝࢆ)LJ࡟♧ࡍࡀࠊǼ+Yࡢ᭱኱್࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡍ᫬㛫ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ
ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᣲືࡣ&X㗰࡜ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Ǽ+Yࡢ᭱኱್࡟࠾ࡼࡰࡍ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡜&Xῧຍ㔞ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ)LJ࡟♧ࡍࠋୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺
࡟ࠊΥ௨ୗࡢ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣࠊ᫬ຠ ᗘࡢୖ᪼࡜࡜ࡶ࡟Ǽ+Yࡣቑ኱ࡍࡿࡀࠊ㹼Υ
ࡢ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡛ࡣ࡯ࡰ୍ᐃࡢ್࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ&Xῧຍ㗰࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ
࠾ࡼࡧNJIPP࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡯ࡰ&Xῧຍ㔞࡟ẚ౛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ&Xࢆῧຍࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ㗰ࢆ㧗 ࡛↝ᡠࡋࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊẕ
┦ࡢ㌿఩ᐦᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏࡘࡘࠊࢼࣀ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡾᙉᗘపୗศࢆ⿵᏶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ձ㸫㸯㸫㸰㸬&X ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟ࡟࠾ࡼࡰࡍ᫬ຠ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࡢᙳ㡪
࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࢆẕ┦࡜ࡋࡓሙྜࡢ&X⢏Ꮚᯒฟάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ホ౯⤖ᯝ
๓㏙ࡋࡓ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡜&Xῧຍ㗰ࡢྠ୍᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡢࣦ࢕ࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ᗘᕪǼ+Yࢆ
᫬ຠ ᗘ࡜᫬㛫࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ◳ᗘኚ໬㸦)LJ㸧ࡣࠊᯒฟ≀ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗࠾ࡼࡧ⢒኱໬
࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺ᯒฟᙉ໬⬟ኚ໬ࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᣲື࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᯒฟ≀ࡢయ✚⋡ࡢቑ኱
࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᫬ຠ㛤ጞึᮇࡼࡾᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡣቑ኱ࡍࡿࡀࠊྠ᫬࡟ᯒฟ≀⮬యࡢᡂ㛗࣭⢒኱
ϩ$
໬ࡶ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫㝸ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾጞࡵࡿ࡜ࠊᙉ໬⬟ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ
㹼Υࡢ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡛ࡣǼ+Yࡣ࡯ࡰ୍ᐃࡢ್࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡢ ᗘᇦ
࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟ㏿ᗘࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᯒฟᙉ໬ࡢ᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡍ᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡣࠊྠࡌᵓ㐀ࢆ
᭷ࡍࡿ&X⢏Ꮚࡀ࡯ࡰྠࡌయ✚⋡࡛ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࡼࡾࡇࡢ ᗘ
ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟึᮇẁ㝵࡛EFF&Xࡀᯒฟࡋࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟Ȝ&X࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᣲືࡀ࡯ࡰྠࡌ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㹼Υࡢ᫬ຠ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊǼ+Yࡢ᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡍ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡜᫬ຠ ᗘࢆ࢔ࣞࢽ࢘ࢫࣉࣟࢵࢺ)LJࡋࠊ
ഴࡁࡼࡾぢ࠿ࡅࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾぢ࠿ࡅࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
ࡣN-PRO࡜ぢ✚ࡽࢀࡓࠋȘ㕲୰ࡢ&Xᣑᩓࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮N-PRO㸯࡜ẚ㍑ࡍ
ࡿ࡜ᑠࡉ࠸್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
:LOVRQࡣࠊᴟపⅣ⣲㗰࡞ࡀࡽᮏ◊✲࡜ྠᵝ࡟᭱኱ ࡲ࡛&Xࢆῧຍࡋࡓ㗰ࢆᛴ෭ࡋ
ࡓࡢࡕ➼ ᫬ຠ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◳໬ᣲືࢆ᳨ウ㸰㸧ࡋࡓࡀࠊ᭱኱ᯒฟᙉ໬ࢆ♧ࡍ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡣࠊ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࡶ㛗᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୧⪅ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣᯒฟẕ┦ࡢ㌿఩ᐦᗘ
࡟㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࠊ&㔞ࡢ㧗࠸㗰ࢆᛴ෭ࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ┦ࢆẕ┦࡜ࡋ
ࡓᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ:LOVRQࡢ᳨ウࡋࡓᮦᩱ࡟ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㧗࠸㌿఩ᐦᗘࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜᥎
ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚែ࡛ᑟධࡉࢀࡓ㌿఩ࡀࠊ&Xᯒฟࡢ᰾⏕ᡂࢧ࢖
ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ാ࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ&XཎᏊࡢ3LSHᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡾᡂ㛗㐣⛬ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡓྍ
⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋȜ&Xࣁ࢖ࢸࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑠ㔝ᑎࡽࡢ◊✲㸱࡛ࡣࠊᚋ⪅ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦ
᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ &X ᯒฟ㔞ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡓࡵ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡜ 㸣&X ῧ
ຍ㗰ࡢ⢭ᐦ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡜ &X ῧຍ㗰ࢆ Υ࡛᫬ຠࡋࡓሙྜ
ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿኚ໬ࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ↝ධࢀࡲࡲࡢ≧ែ࡛ࡣࠊ&X ῧ
ຍ㗰ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡀ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡟ẚ࡭࡚኱ࡁ࠸ࡀࠊ
ࡇࢀࡣᅛ⁐ &X ࡢᙳ㡪࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
&X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣ᫬ຠึᮇࡢ PLQ ௨ෆ࡛ࡣ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡢቑ኱࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡀⴭࡋࡃ
ቑ኱ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣࠊࡸࡸቑ኱ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡢኚ໬ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ&X ῧ
ຍ㗰࡛ࡣ PLQ ௨ෆࡢ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣ࡯ࡰኚ໬ࡏࡎࠊࡉࡽ࡟᫬ຠࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿ࡜ࢃࡎ࠿࡟ῶᑡ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ඲యⓗ࡟ࡣ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢኚ໬ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ
&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡜ &Xῧຍ㗰ࢆ Υ࡛᫬ຠࡋࡓሙྜࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢᕪࢆ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ)LJ ࡼࡾࠊ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡢᕪࡣ PLQ௨ෆࡢ᫬ຠึ
ᮇẁ㝵࡛኱ࡁࡃῶᑡࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶ⦆ࡸ࠿࡟ῶᑡࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ୧⪅ࡢ᱁
Ꮚᐃᩘࡢᕪࡣᅛ⁐&X㔞ࡢᕪࡣࠊ&X⢏Ꮚᯒฟ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰ࡢᅛ⁐&X㔞ࡢῶᑡ
࡟㉳ᅉࡶࡢ࡜௬ᐃࡋࠊࢩࣕࣜࣇࡽࡀồࡵࡓȘ㕲ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ࡟࠾ࡼࡰࡍᅛ⁐&X㔞ࡢᙳ㡪
ϩ$
㸲
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᯒฟࡋࡓ&X㔞ࢆ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘᕪࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆࠊΥ࡜ Υ᫬ຠ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿᯒฟ&X㔞ࡢኚ໬ࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
)LJ ࡼࡾࠊ&Xῧຍ㗰ࢆ Υ࡛᫬ຠࡋࡓሙྜࠊ᫬ຠ᫬㛫 PLQ௨ෆࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟▷࠸᫬
㛫࡛ᛴ⃭࡟ᯒฟ&X㔞ࡀቑ኱ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣ⦆ࡸ࠿࡟ቑ኱ࡀᣢ⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓ Υ
᫬ຠ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ Υ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾ᪩ࡃᯒฟࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ྠࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㕲⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ)H&Xྜ㔠࡟࠾
㸳
ࡅࡿ&Xᯒฟᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾゎᯒ ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ
㌿఩ୖ࡬ࡢ&Xᯒฟࡣ 㹼Υ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣᴟࡵ࡚᪩ࡃࠊ&X⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡣ V௨ෆ
࡛᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᡂศ⣔ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᯒฟẕ┦
ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸㌿఩ᐦᗘࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙜヱࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ࡜ഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣⰋࡃ
ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ Υ࡜ Υࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡛ࡶࠊᯒฟᙉ໬ࡢ᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡍ᫬ࡢᯒฟ&X
㔞ࡣ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᮏ㗰࡛ࡣࠊ⌮ㄽୖᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࢆ ಸ࡟㧗ࡵ
ࡽࢀࡿィ⟬࡟࡞ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࠊ&Xࡢᯒฟ㏿ᗘ࡟࠾ࡼࡰࡍ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㗰ᡂศࡢᙳ㡪
ࢆ௘⣽࡟᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡼࡾ㧗ᙉᗘࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᯒฟᙉ໬
ࡢ᭱኱್ࢆ♧ࡍ᫬ࡢᯒฟ≀⢏ᚄࡣ Υ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣ 㹼QP࡛࠶ࡿࠋ)H&X஧ඖ⣔ྜ㔠ࡢ
᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ&X⢏Ꮚᚄኚ໬࡜ᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㛗ᮧࡽࡢ◊✲ ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊEFF&X
࠿ࡽIFF&X࡬⛣⾜ࡍࡿ⢏ᚄࡣ⣙ QP࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢᯒฟ≀ࡢ㑄⛣࡟ࡼࡾẕ┦࡜ࡢᩚྜṍ
ࡀᾘኻࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᙉ໬⬟ࡀⴭࡋࡃపୗࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓ㗰ࡣࠊ
&0Q㔞ࡸ&Xῧຍ㔞ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᙉ໬⬟࡜&X⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⰻ࠸ᑐᛂࢆ♧ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ
ձ㸫㸯㸫㸱㸬&X ῧຍࡀ⤌⧊ᙧែ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪
&X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡜ &X ῧຍ㗰ࡢ↝ධࢀࡲࡲ㸦DV4㸧࡜ࡢᮦᩱࡢ⤌⧊ほᐹ౛ࢆ )LJ ࡟
♧ࡍࠋ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰ࠊ㸣&X ῧຍ㗰࡜ࡶ⤌⧊ࡣࠊࣇࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ
࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺࡢࣃࢣࢵࢺࠊࣈࣟࢵࢡࡣࠊ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡜ 㸣&X ῧຍ㗰࡜ࡶ
࡯ࡰྠࢧ࢖ࢬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙉᗘ࡟࠾ࡼࡰࡍ⣽⢏໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣᑡ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ΥࡢࠊPLQ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡢ7(0ほᐹ౛ࢆ)LJ࡟♧ࡍࠋ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡀPLQ࡟ẚ㍑ࡋࠊ
PLQ࡛ࡣࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ࠊ㸣&Xῧຍ㗰࡜ࡶ㌿఩ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ↝ᡠࡋࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠾
ࡾࠊࡲࡓ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡜㸣&X㗰ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡶ㌿఩㔞࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ&Xῧຍ㗰
࡛ࠊ᫬ຠฎ⌮࡛᭱኱◳໬࡜࡞ࡿΥࡢPLQ᫬ຠࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢ&X⢏Ꮚᚄࡣࠊ⢏ᚄQP
௨ୗ㸦)LJ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊヨᩱࡢ◳໬ࡣ᭱኱࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᯒฟ
ᙉ໬⬟ࢆᣢࡘEFFᵓ㐀ࡢࢼࣀ&X⢏Ꮚࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ϩ$
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᯒฟ≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣPLQࡢ᫬ຠึᮇ࠿ࡽᲬ≧ࡢⅣ໬≀ࡀほ
ᐹࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡟ࡓ࠸ࡋࠊ&Xῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣࠊᚤ⣽࡞⢏≧ࡢࡶࡢࡀほᐹࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓ㢖ᗘࡣప
࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢ &X ῧຍ࡟ࡼࡿ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ㗰ࡢ↝ࡁᡠࡋ㌾໬᢬ᢠࡢୖ᪼࡜ఙࡧࡢྥୖ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࠊヲ⣽࡟ㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵ 6(0 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡜ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝࢆ )LJ
࡟♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ &X 㗰࡜ &X 㗰ࡢ Υ㺂PLQ ᫬ຠᚋࡢࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺࡣࠊ&X 㗰࡟ẚ
㍑ࡋࠊ&X ῧຍ㗰࡛ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺࡀᚤ⣽࣭పᐦᗘ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦)LJ㸧ࠋ
ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺࡢᯒฟᣲື࡟㛵ࡍࡿྂཎ➼ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢῧຍࡀࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖
ࢺࡢᚤ⣽໬ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊ↝ࡁᡠࡋ㌾໬᢬ᢠࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ≉࡟0Qࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞ຠᯝࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋྠᵝ࡟᳨ウ㗰ࡢྜ㔠ᡂศ࡛࠶ࡿ0Q࡜&Xࡢ」ྜῧຍࡀࠊᚤ⣽
໬ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊ↝ࡁᡠࡋ㌾໬᢬ᢠࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ≉ᛶྥୖࡢࡓ
ࡵ࡟ࡣᚤ⣽໬࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒➼ࢆྵࡴ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
㔠ᒓࢹ࣮ࢱࣈࢵࢡ㸸᪥ᮏ㔠ᒓᏛ఍⦅ᨵゞ ∧୸ၿ ($:LOVRQ㸸-RXUQDORI7KH,URQDQG6WHHO,QVWLWXWH)HE
ᑠ㔝ᑎ㝯஧㑻ࡽ㸸㕲࡜㗰
ࢩࣕࣜࣇࡽ㸸㕲࡜㗰
ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᖹᡂ㸯㸲ᖺᗘᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸸㈈ᅋἲே㔠ᒓ⣔ᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮
㕲㗰ࡢᯒฟไᚚ࣓ࢱࣛࢪ࣮᭱๓⥺㸸᪥ᮏ㕲㗰༠఍
ྂཎᛅ∾ṇᚿ㸸&$03,6,-9RO3
ྂཎᛅ㧗ᜠஂᑠᯘ຾ஓ∾ṇᚿ㸸&$03,6,-9RO3
ϩ$
7DEOH ౪ヨ㗰⤌ᡂ 6WHHO
&X
&X
&X
&X
&
6L
0Q
3
6
㸦PDVV㸧
6RO$O
1
&X
)LJ ౪ヨ㗰ࡢ〇㐀ᕤ⛬
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㻠㻡㻜
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㻡㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜
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㻝㻜㻜㻜
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㻝㻞㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜䉝
㻤㻜
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㻟㻡㻜䉝
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㻞㻜
㻜㻝
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㻝㻠㻜
㻝㻞㻜
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㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼙㼜㻚
㻡㻡㻜䉝
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㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕
㻝
Fig. 3 4㸣Cu 㗰ࡢ᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
◳ᗘኚ໬
䂴㻴㼢 㻔㼗㼓㼒㻛㼙㼙㻞㻕㻌
䂴㻴㼢 㻔㼗㼓㼒㻛㼙㼙㻞㻕㻌
㻝㻠㻜 㻡㻡㻜䉝
㻡㻜㻜䉝
㻡㻡㻜䉝
㻞㻡㻜
㻡㻜㻜䉝
Fig. 2 0㸣Cu 㗰ࡢ᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◳
ᗘኚ໬
㻝㻢㻜
㻠㻜㻜䉝
㻝㻜㻜㻜
Fig. 4 4㸣Cu 㗰࡜ 0%Cu 㗰ࡢ㧗ᗘᕪ࡟
ཬࡰࡍ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡜᫬㛫ࡢᙳ㡪
㻠㻜㻜䉝
㻝
㻝㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕
㻟㻡㻜䉝
㻝㻜㻜㻜
Fig. 5 2㸣Cu 㗰࡜ 0%Cu 㗰ࡢ㧗ᗘᕪ
࡟ཬࡰࡍ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡜᫬㛫ࡢᙳ㡪
ϩ$
㻝㻜㻜㻜
㻠㻑㻯㼡㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘
2%Cu
㻝㻜㻜
㻝㻜㻜
᫬ຠ ᗘ
㻞㻑㻯㼡㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘
㻤㻜
㻢㻜
㼠㻙㼙㼍㼤
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䂴㻴㼢㻙㼙㼍㼤㻌 㻔㼗㼓㼒㻛㼙㼙㻞㻕㻌
㻝㻢㻜
㻝㻠㻜
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㻝㻑㻯㼡㻌㻿㼠㼑㼑㼘
㻠㻜
㻞㻜
㻜
㻟㻜㻜
450䉝
500䉝
㻝㻜
4%Cu
550䉝
Q=157䡚166kJ/mol
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㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌䠄䉝䠅
䃐-Fe୰䛾Cu䛾ᣑᩓ䛾άᛶ໬䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊
Q=244kJ/mol
㻢㻜㻜
㻜㻚㻝
㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻜㻝㻢
㻝㻛㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻔㻝㻛㻷㻕
Fig. 7 ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺᆅ࠿ࡽࡢ Cu ᯒฟࡢ
άᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ホ౯⤖ᯝ
Fig. 6 0㸣Cu 㗰࡜ࡢ㧗ᗘᕪࡢ᭱኱್࡟ཬࡰ
ࡍ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡜ Cu ῧຍ㔞ࡢᙳ㡪
㻞㻚㻤㻣㻝㻡
㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞㻡
䂴㻸㼍㼠㼠㼕㼏㼑 㼜㼍㼞㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻌㻔䊅㻕
㻸㼍㼠㼠㼕㼏㼑㻌㼜㼍㼞㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻌㻔䊅㻕
㻞㻚㻤㻣㻞㻜
㻛㻛
㻞㻚㻤㻣㻝㻜
4%Cu
㻞㻚㻤㻣㻜㻡
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㻛㻛
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㻞㻚㻤㻢㻥㻜 㻛㻛
㻭㼟㻙㻽㼡㼑㼚㼏㼔
0%Cu
㻝
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㻭㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㼍㼠㻌㻠㻡㻜䉝 㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕
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㼪㼪
Fig. 9 4㸣Cu 㗰࡜ 0%Cu 㗰ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃ
ᩘᕪࡢ᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿኚ໬
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㻟㻚㻜
㻭㼓㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻡㻡㻜 䉝
㻞㻚㻡
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㻝㻚㻡
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㻜㻚㻡
㼪 㼪 㼪
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㻜㻚㻜㻜㻞㻜
㻜㻚㻜㻜㻜㻜 㻛㻛
㻭㼟㻙㻽㼡㼑㼚㼏㼔
㻝㻜㻜㻜
Fig.8 4㸣Cu 㗰࡜ 0%Cu 㗰ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ
࡟ཬࡰࡍ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡢᙳ㡪
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㻛㻛
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㻭㼟 㻙
㻽㼡㼑㼚㼏㼔㼑㼐
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㻝㻜
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㻝㻜㻜
)LJ ᫬ຠ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟ &X 㔞ࡢኚ໬
㸦㸣&X 㗰࡜ 㸣&X 㗰ࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘᕪ࠿ࡽࡢ᥮
⟬㸧
ϩ$
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㻔㼍㻕㻌㻯㼡↓ῧຍ㗰
Fig. 11 ↝ධࢀᚋࡢ࣑ࢡࣟ⤌⧊㸦↝ධࢀࡲࡲ㸧
㻠㻡㻜䉝㽢㻠㻜㼙㼕㼚
㻠㻑㻯㼡ῧຍ
㻠㻡㻜䉝 㽢㻞㼙㼕㼚
㻯㼡↓ῧຍ
100nm
100nm
)LJ Υ᫬ຠ࡟ࡼࡿ㌿఩ୗ㒊⤌⧊ኚ໬
ϩ$
᫬ຠ᮲௳䠖㻠㻡㻜䉝㽢㻠㻜㼙㼕㼚
Counts
䠢䡁
䠟䡑
䠢䡁
䠟䡑
Energy(kev)
㻡㻜㼚㼙
Fig. 13 4㸣Cu ῧຍ㗰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Cu ᯒฟ≀ほᐹ౛
㻠㻡㻜䉝 㽢㻝㻤㻜㼙㼕㼚
㻯㼡↓ῧຍ
㻠㻑㻯㼡ῧຍ
㻠㻡㻜䉝 㽢㻠㻜㼙㼕㼚
0.5䃛m
Fig. 14 ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡟ࡼࡿ Fe Ⅳ໬≀ࡢᙧែኚ໬
ϩ$
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෇┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕
෇┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕
෇┦ᙜᚄ㻔㼚㼙㻕
ᐦᗘ᥮⟬䠖䠍䠌䠌ಶ䚷䋽䚷䠑㽢䠍䠌䠔ಶ㻛䠿䡉䠎
䈜㻝㻜㼚㼙䃥௨ୗ䠖䝜䜲䝈䠄㻟㼜㼛㼕㼚㼠㻕
Fig. 15 ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡟ࡼࡿ Fe Ⅳ໬≀ࡢᐦᗘኚ໬㸰
ϩ$
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ղ⮬ື㌴⏝㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ⏝ᛶ⬟ホ౯
ղ㸫㸯㸬 Υ᫬ຠࡋࡓ&Xῧຍ㗰ࡢᘬᙇ≉ᛶ࡜᭤ࡆᡂᙧᛶホ౯⤖ᯝ
)LJ࡟ࠊ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡜&Xῧຍ㗰ࢆ㹼Υ࡛᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓᮦᩱࡢᙉᗘ㸫ᘏᛶࣂ
ࣛࣥࢫࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ࡣࠊ㹼Υ࡛᫬ຠࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᘬᙇᙉᗘ76ࡀ
㹼03Dࠊ◚᩿ఙࡧ㸦(O㸧ࡀ㹼㸣࡛ࠊ76[(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣ03D࣭⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟᫬ຠ ᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿ࡜࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ↝ᡠࡋࡢ㐍⾜࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠸76ࡣపୗࡋࠊ
Υ᫬ຠࡋ࡛ࡣ03Dࡲ࡛኱ᖜ࡟ᙉᗘపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(Oࡣ࡟ྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ76[
(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣ03D࣭⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊప ↝ᡠࡋᮦ࡟ᑐࡍࡿྥୖຠᯝࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ&Xῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣࠊྠࡌࡃ㹼Υ࡛᫬ຠࡋࡓሙྜࠊ&ྵ᭷㔞ࡀ࡯ࡰྠࣞ࣋
࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ76ࡀ㹼03D࡜ᙉᗘࡶ㧗ࡃࠊ࠿ࡘࠊ(Oࡀ࡯ࡰ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ྠ᫬ຠ᮲௳ࡢ&X↓ῧຍ㗰࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㧗ᙉᗘ̿㧗ᘏᛶ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ&X㗰ࡢ76[(Oࣂࣛ
ࣥࢫࡣ⣙03D࣭࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊప ↝ᡠࡋࡢ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ಸࡢ76[(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫ್࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟᫬ຠ ᗘࢆΥ࡟ୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿ࡜76ࡣ㹼
03D࡜ࡸࡸపୗࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ(Oࡣ㹼࡟኱ࡁࡃୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ&X↓ῧຍ
㗰ࡢΥ᫬ຠᮦ࡜ྠࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ(O࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ7(0࡟ࡼࡿ㌿఩ほᐹ⤖ᯝ࡜Ⰻࡃᑐᛂࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ76[(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫࡣ03D࣭࡛࠶ࡾࠊప ↝ᡠࡋࡢ&X↓ῧຍ㗰ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡍ
ࡿ࡜ࠊಸࡢ76[(Oࣂࣛࣥࢫ್࡜࡞ࡿࠋୖグ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊ㧗 ᫬ຠ࡟ࡼࡾ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ
࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࡢ㌿఩ᐦᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᘏᛶࡢྥୖ࡟᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿࠋ
&X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡜ &X ῧຍ㗰ࢆࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ Υ࡛ PLQࠊΥ࡛ PLQ ᫬ຠࡋ࡚࡯
ࡰ 03D ࡜ྠ୍ᙉᗘࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜ࡋࡓᮦᩱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᭤ࡆ༙ᚄࢆ PP ࡜ࡋ࡚᭤ࡆຍᕤ
ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓヨ㦂∦ࡢእほࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ)LJ ࡼࡾ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊྠ୍ᙉᗘࣞ࣋ࣝ
࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ&X ↓ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣᗙᒅࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᢡࢀ᭤ࡗ࡚እ࿘ഃ࡟ࢡࣛࢵࢡࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚
࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ῧຍ㗰࡛ࡣᕤලࡢඛ➃ 5 ࡟࡞ࡌࢇ࡛ࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟᭤ࡆᡂᙧࡉࢀ࡚
࠾ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘࠊእ࿘ഃ࡟ࡶࢡࣛࢵࢡࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊΥ᫬ຠࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ &X
㗰ࡣࠊᘬᙇヨ㦂࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◚᩿ఙࡧ࡛ඃ఩ᛶࡀホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᐇᡂᙧᵝᘧࡢ
ࡦ࡜ࡘࢆᶍᨃࡋࡓ᭤ࡆᡂᙧヨ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶඃ఩ᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ղ㸫㸰㸬 &Xῧຍ㗰ࡢ㧗㏿ኚᙧ≉ᛶ
Υ࡛PLQ᫬ຠᮦࡢ㧗㏿ᘬᙇ≉ᛶࢆ2QH%DU᪉ᘧࡢᙇヨ㦂ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋṍ
ࡳ㏿ᗘࡣࠊࠊࠊ㹱࡟࡚⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢᛂຊṍࡳ᭤⥺ࢆ)LJ࡟♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ
ṍࡳ㏿ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᘬᙇᙉᗘࡣࠊ03D⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㟼ືẚࡣࠊ⣙㸯࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣᚑ᮶ࡢᘬᙇᙉᗘ㟼ືẚ᭤⥺ୖ࡛ࡶᘬᙇᙉᗘ㸸03D⣭௨ୖࡢ㗰ᯈ࡜ྠࡌഴྥ࡟
ϩ$
࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ᭤⥺≧࡟஌ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศࡿ㸦)LJ㸧
ࠋࡲࡓ◚᩿ᚋࡢヨ㦂∦ࡣࠊࢿࢵ࢟ࣥࢢࡀ
ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᘏᛶ◚᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ౛࠼ࡤ⮬ື㌴ࡢᙉᗘ㒊ᮦ࡟㐺
⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶၥ㢟࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ղ㸫㸱㸬 ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶࡢホ౯
-,6= ࠾ࡼࡧ = ࡟‽ࡌࡓ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘࡢࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂766࠾ࡼࡧ༑Ꮠᘬᙇヨ
㦂&76ࢆ௨ୗࡢ᮲௳࡟࡚ࠊᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
࣭⁐᥋ᯈ⤌ࡳ㸸㸲㸣&Xῧຍ㗰ࢆΥ࡛PLQ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓᯈཌWPPࡢᯛ⤌ࡳ
࣭⁐᥋᮲௳ࢳࢵࣉඛ➃ᚄȍ㸪ຍᅽࢳࢵࣉඛ➃ᚄȍ㸪ຍᅽຊNJI㸪ࢫࢡ࢖ࢬF\F㸪
ࢫ࣮ࣟࣈF\F㸪㏻㟁᫬㛫ẁF\F㸪㏻㟁㟁ὶN$㟁ὶ≉ᛶࡣ㸪ẁ┠ࡢ㏻㟁
㟁ὶࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ㸪ẁ┠ࡣẁ┠ࡢ⣙ࡢ㟁ὶ್࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
㸦㸯㸧⁐᥋㟁ὶࢼࢤࢵࢺᚄ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘࡢ㛵ಀ
)LJ࡟⁐᥋㟁ὶ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘ㸦766࠾ࡼࡧ&76㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪)LJ࡟ࢼࢤ
ࢵࢺᚄ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ)LJࢆぢࡿ࡜㟁ὶ್࡟࿧ᛂࡋ㸪ࢼࢤࢵࢺࡀᛴ㏿࡟
ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛766ࡶ0$;N1ࡲ࡛ୖ᪼ࡋࠊࡲࡓ&76ࡣ766࡯࡝ࢼࢤࢵࢺᡂ㛗࡟క࠸ᙉᗘ
ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ↓ࡃ㸪N1⛬ᗘ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑦ㸪&76ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ẕᮦ◚᩿㸪766ࡣẕ
ᮦ◚᩿࡜⏺㠃◚᩿ࡢ୧ᙧែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ766ࡤࡽࡘࡁࡢせᅉࡣ㸪㟁ὶN$௨ୖ࡛ᛴ⃭࡟ప
ୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㗰୰ࡢⅣ⣲㔞ࡀ㧗࠸ሙྜ࡟⏕ࡌࡸࡍ࠸ࠊ࢖ࣥࢹࣥࢺࡢⓎ⏕࡟㉳ᅉࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㸪03D⣭'3㗰࡟ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ᙉᗘపୗᚋࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡣ㸪
ᑠࡉ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡲࡓ&76࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㸪03D⣭'3㗰࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ࡯
ࡰ㌾㗰ᯈ⛬ᗘࡢᙉᗘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྠ➼ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋⁐⼥㒊⤌⧊ほᐹ࠾ࡼࡧ◳ࡉศᕸ
ẁ┠⁐᥋㟁ὶN$㸦ࢼࢤࢵࢺᚄPP㸧᫬ࡢ⁐⼥㒊࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤌⧊࠾ࡼࡧ◳ࡉศᕸ
ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ⁐⼥㒊⤌⧊ࡣࢹࣥࢺࣛ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡋ㸦)LJ㸧㸪ẕᮦ࡟ᑐࡋ⣙㹼+9ẕ
ᮦ㸸+9㸪⁐⼥㒊㹼+9◳ᗘୖ᪼ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ⇕ᙳ㡪㒊⤌⧊ࡣ㸪ධ⇕㔞࠾ࡼࡧ෭
༷㏿ᗘ㐪࠸࠿ࡽ⤌⧊⢏ࡢ⫧኱໬ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿಶᡤࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀ㸪㌾໬ࡣㄆࡵ࠼ࡽࢀࡎࠊ
ᚑ᮶ࡢ㧗ᙉᗘ㗰ᯈ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ྠ➼௨ୖࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⥅ࡂᡭᙉᗘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㸲㸣&Xῧຍ㗰ࡢΥPLQ᫬ຠฎ⌮ᮦࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶࡣࠊ&76ࡣẕ
ᮦ◚ㄯ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ⇕ᙳ㡪㒊ࡢ㌾໬ࡶᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ㸪03D⣭'3㗰࡜ྠ
➼ࡢᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ϩ$
䚷䚷䖩䠖㻶㻵㻿㻡ྕ㻘㻝㻚㻢㼙㼙㼠
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㻭㼓㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻞㻡㻜㻌䡚 㻟㻡㻜㻌䉝
㻝㻡㻜㻜㻜
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㻢
㻤㻜㻜
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㻝㻞㻜㻜
㻝㻠㻜㻜
㼀㻿㻌㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕
㻠㻑㻯㼡ῧຍ㗰
䠄㝈⏺᭤䛢༙ᚄ㻦㻠㻚㻡㼙㼙䠅
㻯㼡↓ῧຍ㗰
䠄㝈⏺᭤䛢༙ᚄ㻦㻣㼙㼙䠅
Fig.1 4㸣Cu ῧຍ㗰ࡢ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡟ࡼࡿᙉᗘ㸫ఙࡧࣂࣛࣥࢫኚ໬
Fig.2 ᭤ࡆᡂᙧᮦእほ㸦᭤ࡆ༙ᚄ㸸4.5mm㸧
ϩ$
㻝㻚㻤
ᯒฟᆺ
㻝㻚㻣
㻰㻼ᆺ
୍⯡ᮦ
㻝㻚㻢
㼀㻿㼐㻛㼀㻿㼟
㻿㼠㼞㼑㼟㼟㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕
ᛂຊ㻙ṍ䜏⥺ᅗ
㻝㻤㻜㻜
㻝㻢㻜㻜
㻝㻠㻜㻜
㻝㻞㻜㻜
㻝㻜㻜㻜
㻤㻜㻜
㻢㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻜
㻝
Fig.3
㻞
㻟
㻿㼠㼞㼍㼕㼚㻔㻑㻕
㻠
㻝㻚㻠
㼀㻾㻵㻼㗰
㻠㻑㻯㼡㗰
㻝㻚㻟
㻝㻚㻞
㻙 㻜㻚㻜㻝㻛㼟
㻙 㻟㻜㻜㻛㼟
㻙 㻝㻜㻜㻜㻛㼟
㻜
㻵㻲㗰
㌾㗰
㻝㻚㻡
㻝㻚㻝
㻝㻚㻜
㻜㻚㻥
㻜㻚㻤
㻡
㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻠㻜㻜
㻢㻜㻜 㻤㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻠㻜㻜
㼀㻿㻔㻹㻼㼍㻕
Fig.4 㟼ືẚࡢᙉᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ
㧗㏿ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ
K. Sato, A. Yoshitake, Y. Hosoya; Interior, Safety &
Environment, Vol. 30, IBEC (1997)
⏺㠃◚᩿
ẕᮦ◚᩿
ẕᮦ◚᩿
⏺㠃◚᩿
ẕᮦ◚᩿
ẕᮦ◚᩿
⁐᥋㟁ὶ㻙⥅䛞ᡭᙉᗘ䛾㛵ಀ
䝘䝀䝑䝖ᚄ㻙⥅䛞ᡭᙉᗘ䛾㛵ಀ
Fig.5 ࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᙉᗘ
䝘䝀䝑䝖㒊䛾䝬䜽䝻෗┿
䝘䝀䝑䝖㒊䛾◳䛥ศᕸ䠄㻴㼢 㻜㻚㻟䠅
⁐᥋㒊
⇕ᙳ㡪㒊
ẕᮦ㒊
Fig.6 ࢼࢤࢵࢺ㒊㏆ഐࡢ⤌⧊࡜ᙉᗘ
ϩ$
ճ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື࡜⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬≉ᛶ
ճ⥴ゝ
㗰୰ࡢ&Xࡣ᫬ຠ⇕ฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡾࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬ࡛ᯒฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚑ᮶࠿ࡽሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ ࠋ㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡣࠊ㌾㉁࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㗰ᮦ୍࡛⯡ⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ
ࡿⅣ໬≀ࠊ❅໬≀࡜࠸ࡗࡓᯒฟ≀ࡼࡾࡶඃࢀࡓᙉᗘ㸫ᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝ㕲⣔◊✲య࡛ࡣࠊ㗰ࡢᙉᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ
ᡭẁࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ&Xࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࠊࢼࣀᯒฟ≀ࡢ฼⏝ࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖
ࢺ୰࡟&Xࢆᯒฟᙉ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㺂ᘬᙇᙉᗘ 03D࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚑ᮶࡟↓࠸ඃࢀࡓ
ᙉᗘ࣭ఙࡧࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ ࠋ
ᘬᙇᙉᗘࡀ 03Dࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜Ỉ⣲࡟ࡼࡿ㐜ࢀ◚ቯࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ&Xࡢ
ᯒฟ≀ࡣࠊ7Lࡸ9ࡢⅣ໬≀࡜ྠᵝ࡟ ࠊỈ⣲ࢆࢺࣛࢵࣉࡋ࡚㺂⪏㐜ࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶࢆྥୖࡉ
ࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ㄪᰝࠊሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ
౛ࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲᳨࡛ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋ㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡣᯒฟᙜึ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡ
ࢫ࡜ᩚྜᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿEFFᵓ㐀࡛ᯒฟࡍࡿࡀࠊ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࢆ㛗ࡃࡋࠊᯒฟ≀ࢆ⢒኱໬ࠊ㐣᫬
ຠ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ5ࡸ 5࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࢆ⤒࡚IFFᵓ㐀࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡑࢀ࡟క࠸ࠊỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ࡟㔜せ࡞ᯒฟ≀࡜࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ⏺㠃ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ
㐀ࡶኚ໬ࡍࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋᙉᗘࡀᴟ኱࡜࡞ࡿ᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡣ㺂࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣEFF
ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᖹᆒ QP⛬ᗘࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᯒฟ≀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
ᯒฟ≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື࣭⬟ຊࡣ␗࡞ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀ࡟క࠸⪏Ỉ
⣲⬤໬≉ᛶࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚㺂࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛&Xࢆྵ᭷
ࡉࡏࡓ㗰ᮦ࡟࠾࠸࡚㺂✀ࠎ᫬ຠ᮲௳ࡢࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື࡜⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬ᣲື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋ
ࡓࠋ
ճᐇ㦂᪉ἲ
ᮏ◊✲࡟⏝࠸ࡓ౪ヨ㗰ࡣࠊཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ࡟グ㍕ࡢᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰 )H&0Q ࢆ࣋
࣮ࢫ࡟ &X ࢆ ῧຍࡋࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊࠿ࡽࡢ᫬ຠᯒฟฎ⌮᮲௳ࡢ᭱㐺໬࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚ &X ᯒฟᙧែࢆไᚚࡋࠊᙉᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋẚ㍑㗰࡜ࡋ
࡚ &X ↓ῧຍ㗰ࡶホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉࢧ࢖ࢺࡢᙉᙅࡢホ౯࡟ࠊࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖
ࢺ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ )H&X ⣔ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡶ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
Ỉ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲືㄪᰝ࡟⏝࠸ࡓヨᩱࡢຍᕤ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࢆ7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࠋ)LJ
࡟◳ࡉ࡟ཬࡰࡍ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡍࡀࠊΥ࡛ࡣ PLQ᫬ຠ࡛◳ࡉࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ࡜࡞ࡿ
ࠋྛࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ㟁ゎ㝜ᴟࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ࡛Ỉ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪᚋࠊ᪼ ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ྛࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ
Ỉ⣲ᨺฟ᭤⥺ࢆᚓࡓࠋỈ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪࡣࠊS+ ࡢ+ 62 Ỉ⁐ᾮ࡟ PROOࡢ.6&1ࢆῧຍ
ϩ$
ࡋࡓ⁐ᾮ࡛㟁ゎ㟁ὶᐦᗘ P$FP ࡢ᮲௳࡛ Kࢳ࣮ࣕࢪࡋࡓࠋ᪼ ศᯒࡣࠊ኱Ẽᅽ࢖
࢜ࣥ໬㉁㔞ศᯒ$3,06ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ᪼ ㏿ᗘ ΥPLQ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ[[PPࡢᯈᮦ
ࢆࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࢺ࣮ࢱࣝỈ⣲㔞ࡣᐊ ࠿ࡽ Υࡲ࡛ࡢ✚⟬㔞ࢆࣂࢵࢡ
ࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ⿵ṇᚋ࡟ồࡵࡓ್࡛⾲ࡋࡓࠋ
ᯒฟ≀ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢ
᥎ᐃࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ㏆ഐࡢᮦᩱࢆ㸦㈈㸧㧗㍤ᗘග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ㸫ࠊ኱ᆺࢩࣥ
ࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥᨺᑕග65ᐇ㦂᪋タ63ULQJ%/%㸦Ẹ㛫 ♫ࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⏘ᴗ⏝ᑓ
⏝ࣅ㸫࣒ࣛ࢖ࣥᘓタ฼⏝ඹྠయࡢࢧࣥࣅ㸫࣒㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚;$)6 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋヲ⣽᮲௳
ࡣࠊᮏሗ࿌᭩ ࡟グࡋࡓ ࠋ
⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬≉ᛶࡢㄪᰝࡣ㺂ཌࡉ PPࠊࢤ࣮ࢪ㛗 PPࠊᖜ PPࡢᯈ≧ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⏝
࠸ࠊ㐃⥆Ỉ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪୗࠊࢡࣟࢫ࣊ࢵࢻࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ ȣPPLQ࡛ࡢ66576ORZ6WUDLQ5DWH
7HFKQLTXHヨ㦂࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋỈ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ᮲௳ࡣࠊ㟁ゎᾮ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊS+ ࡢ+ 62 Ỉ⁐ᾮ
࡟ PROOࡢ.6&1ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㟁ゎ㟁ὶᐦᗘࢆ aP$FP ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࠊྛࢧࣥ
ࣉ࡛ࣝ a ᮲௳ኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋヨ㦂๓࡟ࢧࣥࣉࣝ୰ࡢỈ⣲㔞ࢆᆒ୍࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ
࡟ࠊKࡢࣉࣞࢳ࣮ࣕࢪࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵࡢỈ⣲↓ῧຍᮦࡶホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ
⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬≉ᛶホ౯⏝ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࠊᖹᆒᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏ᚄ࡜᫬ຠ
ᚋࡢ◳ࡉ࡜ᘬᙇᙉᗘࢆ7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࠋᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ໬ࢆ Υ࡛ PLQ
ᐇ᪋ᚋ࡟Ỉ↝ධࢀࡋࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࢆᚓࡓᚋ࡛&Xࡢᯒฟࢆ⾜࠺᫬ຠฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗ
ࡓࠋྠ୍ᙉᗘ࡛&Xࡢᯒฟ≧ἣࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊள᫬ຠ࡜㐣᫬ຠࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ&X↓
ῧຍࡢẚ㍑㗰ࡣᙉᗘࢆࡑࢁ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊప ࡢ Υ࡛ PLQ㛫ࡢ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏ᚄࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ&Xῧຍᮦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㺂࣮࢜ࢫࢸ
ࢼ࢖ࢺ໬ ᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏ࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ࢆᚤ⣽໬ࡉࡏࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡶヨ㦂ࡋࡓࠋ◚᩿ᚋ࡟ࠊࢧ
ࣥࣉࣝ୰ࡢỈ⣲㔞ࢆ$3,06࡛ ᐃࡋࡓࠋỈ⣲⬤໬ᗘࡣ7676 ࡛ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ
76ࡣỈ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪᮦࡢᘬᙇᙉᗘࠊ76 ࡣࠊỈ⣲↓ῧຍᮦࡢᘬᙇᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
ճᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ
ճỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື
)LJ ࡟඾ᆺⓗ࡞Ỉ⣲ᨺฟ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&Xῧຍ㺂↓ῧຍᮦࡢ඲࡚ࡢࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝ
Υ௜㏆ࡢᨺฟࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ୍ࡘࡔࡅほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋΥ௜㏆ࡢỈ⣲ᨺฟࣆ࣮ࢡࡣ㺂࣐ࣝ
ࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㗰ᮦ୍࡛⯡ⓗ࡟ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ ࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺ࡸ㌿఩ࡀࢺ
ࣛࢵࣉࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᐊ ࠿ࡽ Υࡲ࡛ࡢ✚⟬㔞ࢆࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ⿵ṇᚋ࡟ồࡵࡓࢺ࣮ࢱࣝᨺฟỈ
⣲㔞࡟ཬࡰࡍ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ&X ῧຍ㗰ࡣ㺂PLQ ⛬ᗘࡢ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡲ
࡛ࠊ୍ᗘῶᑡᚋቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ&X ↓ῧຍࡢẚ㍑㗰ࡣࠊ୍ᗘῶᑡᚋࡣ࡯ࡰ୍ᐃࡢ್ࢆಖ
ϩ$
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPLQ ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ࡢ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡛ࡢࢺࣛࢵࣉỈ⣲㔞ࡢῶᑡࡣࠊẚ㍑㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡶほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㺂ᅇ᚟࡟క࠺᱁ᏊḞ㝗ࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
&X ῧຍ㗰ࡢ᪉ࡀᨺฟỈ⣲㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ୪ࡧ࡟㺂᫬ຠ◳໬ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ PLQ ௨ୖ
ࡢ᫬ຠ࡟కࡗ࡚Ỉ⣲㔞ࡀቑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ&X ࡢᯒฟ≀ࡀỈ⣲ࢆࢺࣛࢵࣉࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ᭷
ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋⅣ໬≀ࡢᯒฟ࡜⢒኱໬ࡶ᫬ຠ୰࡟㉳ࡇࡿࡀ㺂ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ୧㗰✀࡛
㐪࠸ࡀ↓࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ◳ࡉࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࡜࡞ࡿ᫬ຠ᫬㛫PLQ௨㝆ࡶᨺฟỈ⣲㔞ࡀ
㢧ⴭ࡟ቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋ
&Xᯒฟ㔞ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘ௨㝆ࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋᮏᐇ㦂࡜ྠ୍ࢧ
ࣥࣉࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㦂 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊΥࡢ᫬ຠ࡛㺂ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘ࡜࡞ࡿ PLQ᫬ຠ᫬ࡢ
⣙ 㸣ࡢᯒฟ㔞࠿ࡽ PLQࡢ㐣᫬ຠ࡛ࡣ⣙ 㸣࡟ቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢయ✚⋡ࡢቑຍࡀࠊ)LJ ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ௨㝆ࡶỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡀቑຍࡍࡿ
୍ᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ)LJ ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓྠ୍᫬㛫࡛ࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡢቑຍ࡜
ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ᑠࡉࡃࠊయ✚ቑຍࡢᙳ㡪ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣㄝ᫂ࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࠋ
ᯒฟ≀ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢ
᥎ᐃࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ㏆ഐࡢᮦᩱ࡛;$)6ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ)LJD࡟ᐇ ⤖ᯝࡢ
;$1(6㒊ศࠊ)LJE࡟ẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵࡢIFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࣂࣝࢡ&Xࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟EFF
ᵓ㐀ࡢ&Xࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋᐇ ࡋࡓࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣࠊEFFᵓ㐀ࡢࣉࣟ
ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣEFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᩚྜᯒฟ≀࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ
࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᩥ⊩࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛&Xᯒฟࡉࡏࡓࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ
ࡢ;$)6ほᐹ࡜ྠࡌ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊIFFᵓ㐀࡟≉᭷ࡢ NH9ࣆ࣮ࢡࡶほᐹࡉ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㺂୍㒊ࠊ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢ୙つ๎ᛶࡶ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ ࡉࢀࡓ ࠋ⤖ᬗ
ᵓ㐀ࡢ୙つ๎ᛶࡣࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡜ࡢ⏺㠃࡛ࡣ㠀ᩚྜᛶࡶቑຍࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐇ
㝿㺂),0ほᐹࡼࡾࠊࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘ௨㝆࡛ࡣ㠀ᩚྜ⏺㠃ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┤᥋ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ ࠋ)LJ ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࢆᑡࡋ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣉࣟ
ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ඲య࡟ཬࡰࡍ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㺂)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࡼ
࠺࡟ NH9ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㺂ᇶᮏⓗ࡟EFFᵓ
㐀࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣኚ໬↓࠸ࡀ㺂⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢࢩ࣮ࣙࢺࣞࣥࢪ࡛ࡢ஘ࢀ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡟క࠺⏺㠃
ࡢ㠀ᩚྜᛶࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ㠀ᩚྜᛶ࡜ࡣ༙ᩚྜ⏺㠃࡛
⏕ࡌࡿ⏺㠃࣑ࢫࣇ࢕ࢵࢺ㌿఩ࡶྵࡵࡓ᏶඲ᩚྜ⏺㠃࠿ࡽࡢࡎࢀࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Ỉ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲືࡢᩚྜᯒฟ≀࡜㠀ᩚྜᯒฟ≀ࡢẚ㍑ࡣ:HLࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚7L&ᯒฟ≀
࡛ヲ⣽࡟᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ:HLࡽࡢᮍᅛ⁐ࡢ㠀ᩚྜ7L&࡜ࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺᇦ࡛ᯒฟࡉࡏࡓ
ᩚྜ7L&ᯒฟ≀ࡢ୧᪉ࢆྵࢇࡔᮦᩱࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲືࡢㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ
ࡣᯒฟ≀࡜࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫࡢ⏺㠃࡛⏕ࡌࡿࡀ㺂⏺㠃ࡢ༢఩㠃✚࠶ࡓࡾࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞
ࡣ㺂㠀ᩚྜ⏺㠃ࡢ᪉ࡀ ಸ⛬ᗘከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᩚྜᯒฟ≀ࡢ
ϩ$
᪉ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡢ࡛㺂7L&ࡢPDVV࠶ࡓࡾࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡣᩚྜᯒฟ≀ࡢ᪉ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ᩚྜᯒฟ≀࡛ࡣ࣑ࢫࣇ࢕ࢵࢺṍ࡟Ỉ⣲ࡀࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ7L&ࡢሙ
ྜ㺂ࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡜ࡢ࣑ࢫࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࡣ ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ
EFF㸫&X࡜࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫࡢ࣑ࢫࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࡣ㺂ሗ࿌⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡀ㺂࠿ࡽࡏ࠸ࡐ
࠸ ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ ࠊ7L&ࡼࡾ㢧ⴭ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࡢࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ
᫬ࡢỈ⣲ᨺฟ㔞)LJ ࡼࡾ SSPࡀ඲࡚ࠊᖹᆒᯒฟ≀༙ᚄ QPࡢ⌫≧&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢᩚ
ྜ⏺㠃࡟ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋࠊ&Xࡢ࠺ࡕᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
7DEOH ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩚྜ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢ༢఩㠃✚࠶ࡓࡾࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊࡣࠊ7L&ᩚྜ⏺
㠃ࡢ⣙ ࡋ࠿࡞࠸࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ:HL ࡽࡢỈ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ᮲௳࡞࡝ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾ㺂
ཝᐦ࡞ᐃ㔞ẚ㍑ࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡀ㺂ᐃᛶⓗ࡞ẚ㍑ࡣ඘ศ࡟ྍ⬟࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࠊ
&Xࡢᩚྜᯒฟ≀࡛ࡣỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊࡣ㠀ᩚྜᯒฟ≀࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜
ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ)LJ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ௨㝆ࡶỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡀቑຍࡍ
ࡿࡢࡣࠊ⏺㠃ࡢ㠀ᩚྜᛶࡢቑຍ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊཝᐦ࡞㆟
ㄽ࡟ࡣࠊᯒฟ≀⮬యࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢኚ໬ࡸࡑࢀ࡟క࠺⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ࡢኚ໬ࠊᯒฟ≀ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬ
ࡸయ✚⋡ࡢኚ໬ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
Ỉ⣲ᨺฟࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ ᗘࡀ⣙ Υ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡼࡾ㧗 ࡛ᨺฟࡍࡿ7L&࡞࡝࡜ẚ
㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊࢺࣛࢵࣉຊࡣᙉࡃ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㺂Ⅳ໬≀ࡢ
ᙳ㡪ࢆ↓ど࡛ࡁࡿࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ &Xῧຍ㗰࡛ Υ[PLQ᫬ຠᮦࡢࠊỈ⣲
ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ┤ᚋ࡜ᐊ ࡛ 㐌㛫ᨺ⨨ᚋࡢỈ⣲ᨺฟ᭤⥺ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋᮏࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ㐣᫬ຠ
ᮦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᯒฟ≀ࡣ㠀ᩚྜ⏺㠃ࢆከࡃྵࡴ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࡀ㺂
Ỉ⣲ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ┤ᚋ࡟ࡣ㢧ⴭ࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡓỈ⣲ࣆ࣮ࢡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀ㺂 㐌㛫ᨺ⨨ᚋ࡛ࡣ
඲ࡃほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ7Lࡸ9Ⅳ໬≀ࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ 㐌㛫ᨺ⨨ᚋࡶṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ 㺂&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢࢺࣛࢵࣉࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙅ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊ
໬Ꮫⓗ࡞⤖ྜຊࡣ↓ࡃ㺂㠀ᩚྜ⏺㠃࡞࡝ࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢ஘ࢀࡓಶᡤࡔࡅ࡟ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀ
ࡿ࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ճ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬
)LJ ࡟ࠊ&X↓ῧຍࡢẚ㍑ᮦ࡜ Υ࡛࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ໬ࡋࡓ㐣᫬ຠᮦࡢ6657ヨ㦂
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ㗰୰Ỉ⣲㔞࡜7676 ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟Ỉ⣲㔞ࡢቑຍ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࠊ
7676 ࡣపୗࡍࡿࠊࡘࡲࡾỈ⣲⬤໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⮬↛⎔ቃ࡛
౵ධࡍࡿỈ⣲㔞⛬ᗘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ SSP⛬ᗘ ࡢᑡ࡞࠸Ỉ⣲㔞࡛ࡣࠊ㢧ⴭ࡞ᕪࡀ࡞࠸
ࡀ㺂Ỉ⣲㔞ࡀከ࠸㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ㺂ẚ㍑㗰ࡢ&X↓ῧຍᮦࡀⰋዲ࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ)LJ ࡟඾ᆺ
ⓗ࡞◚㠃ࢆ♧ࡍࡀࠊ&X↓ῧຍᮦࡣᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏ᚄࡀ⢒኱࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⢏⏺◚㠃⋡
ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏⏺ࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢ⌮⏤࡛ᙅࡃ࡞ࡗ
ϩ$
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୧㗰✀࡛↝ᡠࡋ ᗘࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊⅣ໬≀ࡢᯒฟ≧ែࡶ
ྠ୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㺂&U&X㗰࡛ᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏⏺࡬ࡢ&X೫ᯒࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡼ
ࡾ ࠊᮏࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ&Xࡢ೫ᯒࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛㺂◚㠃ࡢ
࣮࢜ࢪ࢙ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ ࡜7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࡀࠊ෌⌧ᛶⰋࡃ⢏⏺◚㠃
ࡢ᪉ࡀ⢏ෆࡼࡾࡶ&X㔞ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ)LJ ࡟⢏⏺࡛ࡢ῝ࡉࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢ୍
౛ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㺂ᮏ᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㺂ᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏⏺࡟&Xࡀ೫ᯒࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᚑࡗ࡚㺂ࡇࡢ೫ᯒࡀ⢏⏺◚ቯࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ༑ศ
࡟㧗࠸ࠋ)LJ ࡜7DEOH ࡛ࡣࠊ⢏ෆ◚ቯࡶᖹᆒ&X್ࡢ ࢆ኱ᖜ࡟㉸࠼ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓࠋ῝ࡉࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ)LJ ࡢ୰ᚰ㒊࡛ࡣࠊ⣙ ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ⢏
ෆ◚ቯ㠃ࡶᖹᆒࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࡢࡣ┿ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᙉ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⢏ෆ◚ቯ࡟
࠾࠸࡚ࡶ&Xࡀ⃰໬ࡋࡓ㠃ࡀࢡࣛࢵࢡࡢఏ᧛⤒㊰࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⢏⏺೫ᯒࡀ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬≉ᛶࢆຎ໬ࡉࡏࡿ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ドࡢࡓࡵ࡟㺂࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ໬
ᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏ࡚ᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏ᚄࢆᚤ⣽໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᨵၿຠᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍ
ࡿᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ&X ྵ᭷㗰ࡣ↓ῧຍ㗰ࡼࡾࡶᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ
࢖ࢺ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡀᚤ⣽໬ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊΥຍ⇕࡛ Υຍ⇕ࡢ⣙㸯㸭㸱ࡢ⢏ᚄ࡟ࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉ
ࣝࡶホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ)LJ ࡟ 6657 ヨ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㺂㢧ⴭ࡟ᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ7DEOH㸲࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⢏⏺࡬ࡢ೫ᯒ㔞ࡶపῶࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⢏⏺೫
ᯒࡀ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬≉ᛶࢆຎ໬ࡉࡏࡿ௬ㄝࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
)LJ ࡟ࠊྠ୍◳ࡉ࡟ᥞ࠼ࡓள᫬ຠᮦ࡜㐣᫬ຠᮦࡢẚ㍑ࢆ♧ࡍࠋள᫬ຠᮦࡢ᪉ࡀ
Ỉ⣲⬤໬ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜ࡶほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋⅣ໬≀ࡢᯒฟ≧ἣࡸ㌿఩ࡢᅇ᚟≧ἣࡶ␗
࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ㄽ௜ࡅࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡀ㺂㐣᫬ຠᮦࡢ᪉ࡀⰋዲ࡞⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㺂)LJ ࡟♧ࡋࡓ
Ỉ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ
௨ୖࡼࡾࠊ&X ᯒฟᙉ໬㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㺂ᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏ᚄࢆᚤ⣽໬ࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ
Ỉ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ⬟ຊࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ㐣᫬ຠ≧ែ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬≉ᛶྥୖ࡟ᑐ
ࡋ࡚ࡣ㺂ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ
ճ⤖ㄽ
࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊࡟ &X ࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡓ㗰ᮦࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲື࡜⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬≉ᛶ
ࢆࠊ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ࣮࣋ࢫ )H&0Q&X ᮦࠊ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ẚ㍑㗰ࡢ᫬ຠ᮲௳
ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡚ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉᣲືࡣ㺂Ỉ⣲᪼ ศ㞳ἲ࡟ࡼࡾホ౯ࡋࡓࡀࠊ඲
࡚ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୍ࡘࡔࡅࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ Υ㏆ഐ࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊᨺฟ㔞ࡣ᫬ຠ
᮲௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ&X ῧຍᮦ࡛ࡣࠊ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡢቑຍ࡟క࠸ࠊࢺ࣮ࢱࣝᨺฟỈ
⣲㔞ࡀ୍᪦ῶᑡࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋቑຍࡋࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢῶᑡࡣࠊ&X ↓ῧຍᮦ࡛ࡶほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜
࠿ࡽ᱁ᏊḞ㝗ࡢᅇ᚟࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࡢቑຍࡣࠊ&X ᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
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&X ῧຍ㗰ࡢỈ⣲ࢺࣛࢵࣉ㔞ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᚋࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ
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Hardness / HV
500
4%Cu
ள᫬ຠ
䝢䞊䜽
᫬ຠ
450
400
㐣᫬ຠ
350
300
250
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Time / min
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0.12
↝ධ䜜䜎䜎
10min
40min䠄䝢䞊䜽᫬ຠ䠅
180min䠄㐣᫬ຠ䠅
dH/dt / ppm/min
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0
50
100
150
temperature / 䉝
200
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0.5
Amount of Hydrogen / ppm
4%Cu
4%Cu
0%Cu
0.4
䝢䞊䜽᫬ຠ
0.3
0.2
0%Cu
0.1
0
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Aging Time / min
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fcc-Cu
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Normalized XANES intensity
at 8.98keV
0.38
0.37
0.36
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Aging time @450䉝/ sec
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0.6
as charged
0.5
Hydrogen / ppm
7days kept at RT
0.4
0.3
ᐊ ᨺ⨨
0.2
0.1
0
1.E-02
1.E+00
1.E+02
1.E+04
1.E+06
Aging time @550䉝 / sec
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1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
4%Cu㐣᫬ຠ
0.2
䠌%Cu
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
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4%Cu
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0%Cu
1133MPa䚷0.81ppm
50Pm
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Fe
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Cu
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Cu
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Concentration (wt%)
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1.0
0.8
0.6
4%Cu㐣᫬ຠ
0.4
0%Cu
0.2
4%Cuᚤ⣽⢏
0.0
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0.4
0.6
0.8
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1.6
Hydrogen, [H] / ppm
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Hydrogen embrittlement ratio,/0
1.0
0.8
0.6
4%Cuள᫬ຠ
0.4
4%Cu㐣᫬ຠ
0%Cu
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Hydrogen, [H] / ppm
1.2
1.4
1.6
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ࡣ)H࡜&Xࡢ๛ᛶ⋡ᕪ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᯒฟᙉ໬⌮ㄽࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᙼࡽࡢᑟฟࡋࡓᙉᗘண
ᘧ࡟ࡣᐇ㦂ⓗ࡞᰿ᣐࡀ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᯒฟᙉ໬㔞࡟ཬࡰࡍ&X⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ
ᙳ㡪ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋ㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡢ㧗ᙉᗘ໬࡟&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬ࢆ฼
⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⌧≧ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᯒฟᙉ໬㔞࡟┤᥋⤖ࡧࡘࡃ&X⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ
༑ศ࡟ᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ)H&X ஧ඖྜ㔠ࡢᐊ ࡛ࡢኚᙧ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫࡛ࡢ㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋ
ゅᗘࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㝆అᛂຊ࡟ཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࢆ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸࡜㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡢ
㛵ᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែ࡜ᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡘ࠸
࡛ࠊ㗰ࡢຍᕤ◳໬ᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿⅣ໬≀࡜ẚ㍑᳨࣭ウࡋࠊ
ࡉࡽ࡟ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡜Ⅳ໬≀⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜⓗ࡟ᯒฟࡉࡏࡓᮦᩱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᘬᙇኚᙧᣲືࡢㄪᰝࢆ
⾜࠸ࠊࢼࣀ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ」ྜᯒฟ+\EULG ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
͊ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ≉ู࡞グ㍕ࡀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ &X ⢏Ꮚࡣ Ȝ&XIFFࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ
ձᐇ㦂᪉ἲ
ձヨᩱస〇࠾ࡼࡧ⇕ฎ⌮
ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓ౪ヨᮦࡢ໬Ꮫ⤌ᡂࢆ 7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࠋຍᕤ◳໬ᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ
ϩ$
ᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ㝿ࠊẚ㍑࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿⅣ໬≀ࡣ 9& ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୗ࡟ྛ౪ヨᮦࡢస〇ἲ࠾ࡼ
ࡧຍᕤ࣭⇕ฎ⌮ࡢヲ⣽ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
ձ)H&X ྜ㔠
౪ヨᮦࡣࠊ㧗࿘Ἴ┿✵⁐ゎ⅔ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⁐〇ࡋࠊ. ࡛ NV ಖᣢᚋࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ౪ヨᮦࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ༢┦ᇦ࡛⁐య໬ฎ⌮ᚋỈ෭ࡋࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡿ
ࡓࡵ . ࠾ࡼࡧ . ࡛ NVaNV ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ⁐య໬ฎ⌮ࡢ᮲௳ࡣࠊ
࠾ࡼࡧ &X 㗰࡛ࡣ .NV ࡜ࡋࡓࡀࠊ&X 㗰࡛ࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡀ⢒኱໬ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡓࡵ
.NV ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ㗰ࡢຍᕤ◳໬ᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊẚ㍑࡛࠶ࡿⅣ໬≀
9&࡜ᯒฟ≧ែࢆྠ୍࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ&X 㗰ࢆ⏝࠸ . ࡛ NV ࡢ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋ
ࡓࠋ
ձ)H&9 ྜ㔠9& 㗰࠾ࡼࡧ )H&X&9 ྜ㔠&X9& 㗰
౪ヨᮦࡣࠊ┿✵⁐ゎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⁐〇ࡋࡓᚋࠊ. ࡛ NV ಖᣢᚋࠊ⇕㛫ᅽᘏࡋࡓࠋᚓ
ࡽࢀࡓヨᩱࡣ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍຍᕤ࣭⇕ฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ$U 㞺ᅖẼ୰࡛ .NV ࡢ
⁐య໬ฎ⌮ᚋࠊỈ෭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࢇ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊࡜ࡋࠊࡘ࠸࡛ 9& 㗰࡛ࡣⅣ໬≀9&
⢏Ꮚࢆࠊ&X9& 㗰࡛ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡜ 9& ⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ .NV ࡢ↝㕌ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ . ࡛ V ຍ⇕ࡋ࡚ 9& ࡢ㒊ศ⁐య໬ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ⅔෭࡟ࡼࡾẕ┦ࢆࣇ࢙ࣛ
࢖ࢺ⤌⧊࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ձᐇ㦂᪉ἲ
ձ⤌⧊ほᐹ
⤌⧊ほᐹࡣࠊගᏛ㢧ᚤ㙾௨ୗࠊග㢧࠾ࡼࡧຍ㏿㟁ᅽ N9࠾ࡼࡧ N9ࡢ㏱㐣ᆺ㟁
Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾௨ୗࠊ7(0ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋග㢧⤌⧊ࡣࠊ◊☻⣬࡟ࡼࡿ‵ᘧ◊☻࠾ࡼࡧ$O2
ᠱ⃮ᾮ࡟ࡼࡿࣂࣇ◊☻ࡢᚋࠊࢼ࢖ࢱࣝ⁐ᾮ࡛⭉㣗ࡋࡓヨᩱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ほᐹࡋࡓࠋ7(0⤌⧊
ࡣࠊࣂࣝࢡヨᩱ࠿ࡽᨺ㟁ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡾȭPPࡢᯈࢆษࡾฟࡋࠊ‵ᘧ◊☻ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋࠊ㐣
ሷ⣲㓟㓑㓟⁐ᾮࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢶ࢖ࣥࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ◊☻ἲ࡟ࡼࡾⷧ⭷࡜ࡋࡓヨᩱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ほᐹ
ࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣࠊ$670ᶆ‽⤌⧊࡜ࡢẚ㍑ἲ࡟ࡼࡾ ᐃࡋࠊබ⛠⢏ᚄ࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ
ձ&X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ ᐃ
&X ⢏Ꮚࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄ d p ࡣࠊ7(0 ⤌⧊ࡼࡾ a ಶࡢ⢏Ꮚࢆ↓సⅭ࡟㑅ᐃࡋ࡚ࠊࡑ
ࢀࡽࡢᖹᆒ್࡛ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊほᐹࡋࡓ⢏Ꮚࡢᙧ≧ࡀ⌫≧࡛࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ㛗㍈࡜▷
㍈ࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⢏Ꮚᚄ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ϩ$
ձ&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡢ ᐃ
&X⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸PHDQSDUWLFOHVSDFLQJȢࡣࠊ7(0⤌⧊ࡼࡾ ᐃࡋࡓᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚ
ᚄ࡜ྛ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡛ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡I࠿ࡽࠊᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊయ✚⋡
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ)H&X஧ඖ≧ែᅗ ࠿ࡽྛ᫬ຠ ᗘ࡛ࡢ&Xࡢᅛ⁐㝈ࢆồࡵࠊῧຍ㔞࠿ࡽᅛ
⁐㔞ࢆᕪࡋᘬ࠸ࡓṧࡾࡢ&X⃰ᗘࡼࡾồࡵࡓࠋ
O 1.25
3
S dp
6f d p
2
S dp
4 dp
>QP@ ࣭࣭࣭
ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ d p ࠊ d 2p ࠊ d 3p ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀGSࠊGSࠊGSࡢᖹᆒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ձᘬᙇヨ㦂
ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࡣࠊ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞୸Წࡶࡋࡃࡣᯈ≧ᘬᙇヨ㦂∦ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᘬᙇᅽ⦰ヨ
㦂ᶵ7&0N1%ࠊ࣑ࢿ࣋࢔〇࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢡࣟࢫ࣊ࢵࢻ㏿ᗘ ™PPVึᮇṍ㏿ᗘ
™Vࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ձ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᯒฟᙉ໬⌮ㄽ
እ㒊࠿ࡽ࠶ࡿࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊȫࡀຍࢃࡾࠊ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㌿఩ࡀ஧ࡘࡢᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ࡟
ࣆࣥṆࡵࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫࡟ゅᗘȟࡲ࡛ᙇࡾฟࡋࡓሙྜࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊ༢఩㛗ࡉ
ࡢ㌿఩ࡀཷࡅࡿᛂຊࡣȫE࡜࡞ࡿࡀࠊ㌿఩ࢆᙇࡾฟࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣࠊȫEࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࡁ࠸ⓗ࡞ᛂ
ຊȫEࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍࢆ㉺࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊȫȫ࡛୚࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿᛂຊǼȫࡀᐇ㝿࡟㌿఩ࢆȟࡔࡅᙇࡾฟࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞᭷ຠࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊ࡜࡞ࡿࠋຊ
ࡢ㔮ࡾྜ࠸࠿ࡽࠊ୍ࡘࡢᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿࣆࣥṆࡵຊ.࡜⥺ᙇຊ7ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣḟᘧࡀᡂ❧
ࡍࡿࠋ
K
2T sin T ࣭࣭࣭
ࡲࡓࠊࣆࣥṆࡵຊ.࡜㌿఩ࡀ⢏Ꮚ㛫࡟ᙇࡾฟࡍࡢ࡟せࡍࡿຊ ǼȫEȢ࡜ࡢ㔮ࡾྜ࠸ࢆ
⪃៖ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊḟᘧࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ
'W
W W 2DGb
O
sin T ࣭࣭࣭ T DGb 2 Ș㸸ᐃᩘ
*㸸๛ᛶ⋡*3D
E㸸ࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ㕲ࡢཎᏊ༙ᚄ㸹QP
ϩ$
ࡇࡢࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊ࡟ 7D\ORU ᅉᏊ0ࢆ஌ࡌ࡚ࠊಀᩘ 0Ș ࢆ ș ࡛⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᘬᙇᛂຊ
ǼȪ࡜ࡋ࡚ḟᘧࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
'V
V V EGb
sin T ࣭࣭࣭
O
V 㸸㝆అᛂຊࠊ V 㸸ᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘ
ࡇࡢᘧ࡛ࡣࠊȟ ࡀ ȧ ࡢ࡜ࡁ ǼȪ ࡀ᭱኱ࡢ್ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡣࠊ
⢏Ꮚࡀ㌿఩ࢆࣆࣥṆࡵࡍࡿࡢ࡟༑ศ࡞ᙉᗘࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡢࡳ㉳ࡇࡾࠊȟ ࡀ ࢎࢆ
㉺࠼ࡓẁ㝵࡛㌿఩ࡣ⢏Ꮚࢆ㎽ᅇࡋࠊࡑࡢ࿘ࡾ࡟㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࢆṧࡋ࡚๓㐍ࡍࡿ2URZDQ ᶵ
ᵓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࡜ࡁࡢᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡣḟᘧ࡛୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
'V
E Gb
࣭࣭࣭
O
୍᪉ࠊFXWWLQJᶵᵓࡸୖ᪼㐠ື࡞࡝ࡀാࡁࠊ⢏ᏊࡢࣆࣥṆࡵຊࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊȟࡀȧ
࡟㐩ࡍࡿ๓࡟㌿఩ࡣ⢏Ꮚ࠿ࡽ㞳⬺ࡋᚓࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㞳⬺ࡍࡿ⮫⏺ࡢ
ゅᗘࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊᘧ࡟ࡼࡾǼȪࢆᯒฟᙉ໬㔞࡜ࡋ࡚ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢ⮫⏺ゅᗘࡣࠊᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ᯒฟᙉ໬㔞࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࠋᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࢆȟF࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ2URZDQᶵ
ᵓ࡛ࡣȟF ࢎࠊᐊ ࡛ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢホ౯࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊȟF࡜Ȣ
ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖࡟ධࢀࠊ)H&Xྜ㔠࡟࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࢆᐃᘧ໬ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ㌿఩ࢆࣆࣥṆ
ࡵࡍࡿ⢏Ꮚࡢ᭷ຠ࡞㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ༢
࡟⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែ࠿ࡽồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏᐇ㦂ࡢㄪᰝ⠊
ᅖȢ QPaQP࡛ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡔࡅࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᘧ࡛Ȣࢆ㏆ఝⓗ࡟ぢ✚ࡶ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௜❶ ࠋࡲࡓࠊಀᩘș࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᘧࢆ⏝
࠸࡚ࠊ2URZDQᶵᵓࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘⅣ໬≀ࢆศᩓࡉࡏࡓ㗰ࡢᐊ ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⪏ຊ࡜⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫
㛫㝸࠿ࡽࠊ ࡜࠸࠺್ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊಀᩘșࡀ㌿఩ࡢࡍ࡭ࡾ⣔࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿ
7D\ORUᅉᏊ ࡜㌿఩ⰺ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟㌿఩ࡢᛂຊሙࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿ⥺ᙇຊࡢಀᩘ ࠿ࡽ
ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࡣᑠࡉ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ձ ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ
ձ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉ໬ᶵᵓ
ձ᫬ຠฎ⌮๓ࡢึᮇ⤌⧊
)LJ ࡣࠊ⁐య໬ฎ⌮ᚋỈ෭ࡋࡓ)H&Xྜ㔠ࡢග㢧⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢヨᩱ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺ࡀ୙つ๎࡞ᙧ≧ࢆࡋࡓ࣐ࢵࢩࣈࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ&X㗰
࡜ &X㗰࡛ࡣࠊ▮༳࡛♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㔪≧ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࡶ୍㒊⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ϩ$
ࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣࠊ&X㗰࡛ࡣ ȣPࠊ&X㗰࡛ࡣ ȣPࠊ&X㗰࡛ࡣ ȣP࡛
࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⏕ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࡀᚤ㔞࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ .ࡸ .࡜࠸࠺
㧗 ࡛ࡢಖᣢ࡛ࡣ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ⤌⧊ࡢ㌿఩ࡢᐦᗘࡣ༑ศపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ᫬ຠฎ⌮
ࡋ࡚&X⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡓヨᩱࡢᙉᗘ࡟ࡣ㌿఩ᙉ໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⤖
ᬗ⢏ᚄࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬ᙉ໬ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊaȣP࡜࠸࠺⠊ᅖ
࡛ࡣࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ↓ど࡛ࡁࡿ⛬ᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ๓ᥖ)LJ ࡢ㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ(%63ἲ
࡟ࡼࡾ⤖ᬗ᪉఩ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢヨᩱ࡛ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡣࣛࣥ
ࢲ࣒࡞᪉఩ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙉᗘ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙎᛶ␗᪉ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓヨᩱࡢᙉᗘࡣࠊᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘ࡜&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞࡟
ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ձ&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸Ȣࡢホ౯
)LJ ࡣࠊ.࡛ࡢ᫬ຠฎ⌮࡟క࠺)H&Xྜ㔠ࡢ◳ࡉࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㗰✀࡛
ࡶࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟ࣭ᡂ㛗࡟㉳ᅉࡋࡓ඾ᆺⓗ࡞᫬ຠ◳໬࠾ࡼࡧ㐣᫬ຠ㌾໬ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡢึᮇࣆ࣮ࢡ๓࡛ࡣࠊᇶᆅ࡜ᩚྜ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿEFFᵓ㐀ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡀᯒฟࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㝿ࡢᙉᗘࡣ⢏Ꮚࡲࢃࡾࡢᩚྜṍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ㐣᫬ຠẁ㝵࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᡂ㛗࡟క࠸⢏Ꮚ࡜ᇶᆅ࡜ࡢᩚྜ㛵ಀࡣኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸
ࡁࠊ㌿఩ࡣ⢏Ꮚ࡜┤᥋┦஫స⏝ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬ࡣȢ࡜ȟF
ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᘧ࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
)LJ ࡣࠊ㐣᫬ຠẁ㝵࡛᫬ຠฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ &X㗰ࡢ7(0⤌⧊࡜ࡑࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢศᕸࡢ୍
౛ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X⢏Ꮚࡀࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺᇶᆅ୰࡟ᚤ⣽࠿ࡘᆒ୍࡟ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄ
ࡣ QP࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ)LJE࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟⢏Ꮚᚄࡣ aQPࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡤࡽࡘ࠸࡚
࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ࡟ศᕸࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊᖹᆒ
⢏Ꮚᚄࡢࡳࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ȣࢆồࡵ࡚ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ㄗᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ
࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢศᕸࢆ⤫ィᏛⓗ࡟ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚Ȣࢆồࡵࡿ୰ᓥࡽࡢ᪉ἲ ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ.࡛ࡢ᫬ຠฎ⌮࡟క࠺ᖹᆒ&X⢏Ꮚᚄࡢኚ໬࡜
ࡑࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢᖹᆒ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ᫬
ຠฎ⌮᫬㛫ࡢ⤒㐣࡟క࠸&X⢏Ꮚࡣᡂ㛗ࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ&X㔞ࡢቑຍ࡟క࠸⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓヨᩱ࡛ࡣࠊ&X⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡀ᫬ຠฎ⌮᫬㛫࡜&X㔞࡟ࡼࡾ
ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖ࡛ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ձ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ǼȪࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾ
᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓヨᩱ࡛ࡣࠊ&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬ࡢ኱ࡁࡉǼȪࡣࠊ㝆అᛂຊȪ࠿ࡽ
ϩ$
ᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘȪࢆᕪࡋᘬ࠸ࡓ್࡛ホ౯ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂࡟౪ࡍࡿ㗰࡛ࡣࠊ᫬ຠ
ฎ⌮ᚋỈ෭ࡋ࡚⤌⧊ࢆ෾⤖ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ.ࡸ .࡜࠸࠺᫬ຠฎ⌮ ᗘ࡛ࡢ&Xࡢᅛ⁐㝈
࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㔞ࡢ&Xࡀᇶᆅ୰࡟ᅛ⁐ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㔞ࡢ&X࡛ᅛ
⁐ᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺࡢᙉᗘࡀᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୍⯡࡟ࠊ
⁐㉁⃰ᗘࡢᑠࡉ࠸ྜ㔠⣔࡛ࡣࠊᅛ⁐ᙉ໬㔞ࡀ⁐㉁ཎᏊ⃰ᗘࡢ஌࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱
ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊa&X㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᐊ ࡜ .࡛ࡢ㝆అᛂຊࢆྠᵝ࡟ᅛ⁐
&X⃰ᗘࡢ஌࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࠊ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ)H&Xྜ㔠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㝆అᛂຊ࡜ᅛ⁐&X㔞
ࡢ㛫࡟┤⥺㛵ಀࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ.࡜ .࡛ࡢ&Xࡢᅛ⁐㝈ࡀ ࡜ PDVV࡛࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡀᯒฟࡋࡓ㗰࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐊ ࡛ࡢᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘࡣ 03D࠾ࡼࡧ 03D
࡜ࡑࢀࡒࢀぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡣࠊᘬᙇヨ㦂
࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿ㝆అᛂຊࢆ⏝࠸࡚ḟᘧ࡛୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
'V
V 130 >03D@ DJHGDW.
'V
V 146 >03D@ DJHGDW.
ձ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬ᶵᵓ
)LJ ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ǼȪࢆ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸Ȣࡢ㏫ᩘ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ
⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᅗ୰ࡢ⣽⥺ࡣࠊ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࢆᵝࠎ࡟୚࠼ࡓሙྜࡢ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽
㛫㛫㝸࡜ᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㗰✀࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸
ࡢపୗ࡟క࠸ᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡣቑຍࡍࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࡣ
2URZDQ ᛂຊȟF ࢎࢆୗᅇࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᕪࡣ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡢపୗ࡟క࠸኱ࡁࡃ
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊࡢᘬᙇṍࢆ௜୚ࡋࡓ &X 㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ :HDN%HDP ἲ࡟ࡼࡾ
ほᐹࡋࡓ 7(0 ⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺᇶᆅ୰࡟ศᩓࡋࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ከࡃࡢ㌿఩ࡀ⤡ࡲࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢࡲࢃࡾ࡟ࡣ㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ㝆అ
ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠊ㌿఩ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆ㎽ᅇࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡚㏻㐣ࡍࡿFXWWLQJ ᶵᵓࡇ
࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ๓ᥖ )LJ ࡢ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸࡜ᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࢆᘧ
࡟௦ධࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓ VLQȟF ࡜ᖹᆒ &X ⢏Ꮚᚄ d p ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟
ᚑ࠸㌿఩ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘȟFࡣቑຍࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ VLQȟF ࡶቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ d p QP ࡛ VLQȟF ࡣ᭱኱ࡢ ȟF ࢎ࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㌿఩
ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᛂຊࡣࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ⛬ቑ኱ࡋࠊ⮫⏺ࢧ࢖
ࢬ࡛࠶ࡿ QP ࡛ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿ್࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ձᯒฟᙉ໬ᆺ )H&X ྜ㔠ࡢᙉᗘண ϩ$
ᐊ ࡢሙྜࠊVLQȟF ࡢ್ࡣࠊ๓ᥖ )LJ ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ d p QP ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚᚄ
ࡢ㛵ᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ḟᘧ࡛⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
sin șc
sin( 25q 0.76q u dp ) ࣭࣭࣭
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᘧࢆᘧ࡟௦ධࡍࢀࡤࠊᐊ ࡛ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࢆḟᘧࡢࡼ
࠺࡟ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
'V
3.2Gb
O
sin(25q 0.76q u dp ) >3D@࣭࣭࣭
ࡲࡓࠊ GS ӍQP ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࠊVLQȟF ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡣ
2URZDQ ᛂຊ࡜ྠ➼࡞ḟᘧ࡛ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
'V
3.2Gb
O
>3D@࣭࣭࣭
)LJ ࡣࠊ࡜ᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞࡜⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ㛵
ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ&X 㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊVLQȟF ȟF ࢎ࡜ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ
ࡶྠ᫬࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)H&X ྜ㔠࡟࠾ࡅࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ QP
௨ୖࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣ 2URZDQ ᛂຊ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ QP ᮍ‶ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣ 2URZDQ
ᛂຊࡼࡾప࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊ&X 㗰࡛ࡣࠊQP ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆศᩓࡉࡏࡓሙྜࠊ୧ᛂ
ຊࡢᕪࡀ 03D ࡟ࡶ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᮦᩱࡢ㧗ᙉᗘࢆィࡿ㝿ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡼࡾࡶ 2URZDQ ᶵᵓࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘⅣ໬
≀ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ୍ぢዲࡲࡋ࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖ࡟㧗࠸ᙉᗘࡀせồ
ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࠊᘏᛶࡸ㠌ᛶࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽῧຍࡋᚓࡿⅣ⣲㔞࡟ࡣไ㝈ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㗰୰ࡢⅣ⣲
㔞ࢆከࡃࡋ࡚ᙉᗘࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ࡣ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺᇦ
࡛ࡢ⁐య໬ฎ⌮࡜ࡑࡢᚋࡢ᫬ຠฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡾከ㔞ࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆᐜ᫆࡟ศᩓࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐊ ࡛ࡢᘏ࣭㠌ᛶࡶ࠶ࡲࡾᦆ࡞ࢃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᙉ
ᗘ㸫㠌ᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㗰ࡢ㧗ᙉᗘ໬ࢆィࡗ࡚ࡺࡃ࡟ࡣࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡜Ⅳ໬≀ࡢ」
ྜᯒฟࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊḟ⠇࡟࡚ヲ⣽࡟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ձ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ࡜㌾㉁ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟࠾ࡅࡿຍᕤ◳໬ᣲືࡢᕪ␗
ձ ᘬᙇヨ㦂๓ࡢෆ㒊⤌⧊
)LJࠊ)LJ ࡣྛ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ &X㗰௨ୗࠊ&X㗰ࠊ9&㗰ࡢග㢧෗┿࠾ࡼࡧ
(%63ἲ࡟ࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᬗ᪉఩࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢീࢆ♧ࡍࠋ୧౪ヨᮦ࡜ࡶࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ⢏ࡀࣛࣥ
ࢲ࣒࡞⤖ᬗ᪉఩ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㞟ྜ⤌⧊ࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞Ⓨ㐩ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᙉᗘ࡟ཬ
ࡰࡍᙎᛶ␗᪉ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ౪ヨᮦ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⤖ᬗ᪉
ϩ$
఩࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢീࢆ⏝࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋග㢧⤌⧊࡛ࡣᑠゅ⢏⏺࡜኱ゅ⢏⏺ࢆ༊
ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡀࠊ⤖ᬗ᪉఩࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢീࡣ୧⪅ࡢ༊ูࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㝆అᙉᗘࢆ
㆟ㄽࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ᭷ຠ࡞⢏ᚄࡢホ౯ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ୧౪ヨᮦࡢᖹᆒ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣ&X㗰
࡛ wPࠊ9&㗰࡛ࡣ wP࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄ࡟ⱝᖸࡢ㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ+DOO3HWFK
ࡢ㛵ಀࡼࡾぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿ୧౪ヨᮦࡢ㝆అᙉᗘࡢᕪࡣ⣙ 03D࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬ᙉ໬
ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ↓ど࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊⴭ⪅ࡽࡣࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡢ㐪
࠸࡟ࡼࡿຍᕤ◳໬ࡢᕪ␗ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
)LJࠊ)LJ ࡣྛ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋࡢ&X㗰࡜9&㗰ࡢ7(0෗┿࠾ࡼࡧ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢศᕸࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
୧౪ヨᮦ࡜ࡶ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡀẕ┦୰࡟ᆒ୍࡟ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ⢏Ꮚᚄ ᐃ
ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄ d p ࡣ୧౪ヨᮦ࡜ࡶ࡟ QP࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ
ศ ᕸ ࡶ ࡯ ࡰ ➼ ࡋ ࠸ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ )H&X ஧ ඖ ⣔ ≧ ែ ᅗ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⇕ ຊ Ꮫ ィ ⟬ ࢯ ࣇ ࢺ
7KHUPR&DOFࢆ⏝࠸࡚సᡂࡋࡓ࠾ࡼࡧ)H9&ྜ㔠≧ែᅗ)LJ࠿ࡽࠊ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡Iࡣ୧౪ヨᮦ࡜ࡶ⣙ YRO࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ୧౪ヨᮦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡣྠࡌ࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ձᘬᙇኚᙧᣲື࡟ཬࡰࡍ &X ⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧⅣ໬≀⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪
)LJ ࡟ &X 㗰࠾ࡼࡧ 9& 㗰ẚ㍑ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚⣧㕲ࡢබ⛠ᛂຊබ⛠ṍ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X 㗰
࡜ 9& 㗰࡛ࡣ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡀ࡯ࡰྠࡌ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ9& 㗰ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㧗࠸㝆అ
ᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ๓⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ 9& ⢏Ꮚ࡛ࡣ㌿఩ࡀ㎽ᅇࡍࡿ2URZDQ ᶵᵓ࡛࠶
ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡣ㌿఩࡟ࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀࡿFXWWLQJ ᶵᵓࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ
୧㗰✀࡟࠾ࡅࡿᘬᙇ≉ᛶࡢᕪ␗ࡣ㝆అᙉᗘࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊຍᕤ◳໬ᣲື࡟ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ
♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡣࠊ)LJ ࡼࡾồࡵࡓ &X 㗰ࠊ9& 㗰࠾ࡼࡧ⣧㕲ࡢᘬ
ᙇኚᙧ࡟క࠺┿ᛂຊࠊຍᕤ◳໬⋡ࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X 㗰ࡣኚᙧึᮇ࡟࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳
໬⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢᚋᛴ⃭࡟ຍᕤ◳໬⋡ࡀపୗࡋࠊ⣧㕲࡜࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ຍ
ᕤ◳໬ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ9& 㗰࡛ࡣ &X 㗰࡜➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡀྠࡌ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃ
ࡽࡎࠊ&X 㗰ࡼࡾࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳໬ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ
)LJ ࡣࠊ)LJ ࡛ᛂຊ㸫ࡦࡎࡳ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ &X 㗰࠾ࡼࡧ 9& 㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚ ࡢᘬ
ᙇࡦࡎࡳࢆຍ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ 7(0 ⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X 㗰࡛ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡣ⢏Ꮚ࡟ᘬࡗ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝ
Ꮚࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊಶࠎࡢ㌿఩ࡀ᫂☜࡟ุู࡛ࡁࠊ㌿఩ྠኈࡢ⤡ࡳྜ࠸ࡸ &X ⢏Ꮚ௜
㏆࡛ࡢⴭࡋ࠸㌿఩ᐦᗘࡢቑ኱ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ9& 㗰࡛ࡣ㌿఩ࡢ㐠ືࡀ⢏Ꮚ࡟
㜼ᐖࡉࢀ࡚ከࡃࡢ㌿఩ࡀ⢏Ꮚࡢ㏆ഐ࡛」㞧࡟⤡ࡳྜࡗࡓᵝᏊࡀほᐹࡉࢀࠊẕ┦ࡢ㌿఩ᐦ
ᗘࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚᙧ⤌⧊ࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ
ẕ┦୰ࡢ㌿఩ᐦᗘ࡟ᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊຍᕤ◳໬ᣲືࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࡇࡢ㌿఩ᐦᗘࡢ
ϩ$
ᕪࡀཎᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
୍⯡࡟ᮦᩱࡢຍᕤ◳໬㔞ǼȪZࡣࠊ㌿఩ᐦᗘ࡜㛵㐃࡙ࡅ࡚%DLOH\+LUVFKࡢᘧᘧ
࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
'V w
DGb U ࣭࣭࣭
)LJࡣᘧ࠿ࡽ&X㗰ࠊ9&㗰࠾ࡼࡧ⣧㕲ࡢᘬᙇኚᙧ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌿఩ᐦᗘࡢኚ໬ࢆ
ぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋᘬᙇኚᙧ୰ࡢẕ┦ࡢ㌿఩ᐦᗘࡣࠊኚᙧࡢ㐍⾜࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ቑ኱ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡃࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊྠࡌࡦࡎࡳ㔞ࡀຍࢃࡗࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ9&㗰ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ&X㗰ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸㌿఩ᐦᗘ
ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ9&⢏Ꮚࡀ&X⢏Ꮚ࡜ẚ࡭࡚㌿఩ࡢ㐠ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ≀࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐤ୚ࡀ኱ࡁ
࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
๓⠇ࡲ࡛࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ&X㗰ࡢ㝆అᙉᗘࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡀ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿFXWWLQJᶵᵓ࡛
ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋረᛶኚᙧ୰࡟ヨᩱෆ㒊࡛ࡣ㝆అ᫬ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࡞እ㒊ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸
ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㌿఩ࡣᖖ࡟⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡣᚋ⥆ࡢ㌿఩࡟࡜ࡗ࡚
኱ࡁ࡞㞀ᐖ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡾ࠼࡞࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ)LJ࡟࠾࠸࡚&X⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓ
ヨᩱࡢኚᙧึᮇ࡟࠸࡚ࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢ㛫ࢆ㐠ືࡍࡿ㌿఩ࡀ⢏Ꮚ࡟ᘬࡗ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡣほᐹ
ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ9&⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓሙྜࡢࡼ࠺࡟⢏Ꮚ㏆ഐ࡛㌿఩ᐦᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ୧౪ヨᮦࡢ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡍ
ࡿ࡜ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓຍᕤ◳໬ᣲືࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ㝆అࡢ㝿࡜ྠᵝࠊ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢᛶ㉁ࡢ
㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿ㌿఩ࡢࣆࣥṆࡵຊࡢᕪࡀཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ձ&X⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧⅣ໬≀⢏Ꮚࡢ」ྜᯒฟᙉ໬+\EULGࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚ
๓⠇ࡲ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ➨஧┦⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡀྠ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ◳㉁࡞Ⅳ໬≀⢏Ꮚࡀ
㧗࠸㝆అᙉᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ኱ࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳໬ࢆ♧ࡍࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㌾㉁࡞ &X ⢏Ꮚࡣ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ࡟ẚ࡭࡚
㝆అᙉᗘ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀᑠࡉࡃࠊຍᕤ◳໬࡟࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊᮏ᮶&X⢏Ꮚࡣ⁐య໬ᚋࠊ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬ࡛ᚤ⣽࠿
ࡘᆒ୍࡟ศᩓࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ࡜◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែ
ࢆࡑࢁ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊᚤ⣽࡟ᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡞Ⅳ໬≀࡜ྠࡌࢧ࢖ࢬࡲ࡛&X⢏Ꮚࢆ⢒኱
໬ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟᙉ໬⬟ࢆ᭷ຠά⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋ&Xྵ᭷㗰࡛ࡣ QP
⛬ᗘࡢᚤ⣽&X⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡾࠊࡢ&Xࢆῧຍࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢᙉ໬㔞
ࡀ⣙ 03Dࡲ࡛ቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜)LJࠊࡲࡓ&X⢏Ꮚࡢຍᕤ◳໬≉ᛶ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ⢏Ꮚࡢ
య✚⋡㺃⢏Ꮚᚄ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉࡃࠊ⣧㕲࡜࡯ࡰኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟&X⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿ㧗࠸㝆అᙉᗘ࡜ప࠸ຍᕤ◳໬⬟ࡣࠊ㧗
ᙉᗘᮦᩱࡢᘏᛶࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌾㉁࡞&X⢏Ꮚ࡜◳㉁࡞Ⅳ໬
≀⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜⓗ࡟ศᩓࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡼࡾ㧗࠸ᙉᗘ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝඃࢀࡓᘏᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ
ϩ$
ᮦᩱࡢ๰〇ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ௨ୗ࡛ࡣẕ┦ࡼࡾࡶ㌾㉁࡞&X⢏Ꮚ࡜◳㉁࡞9&⢏Ꮚࡀ
ಶࠎ࡟ศᩓࡋࡓ&X9&㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢ≉ᛶࢆ&X࠾ࡼࡧ9&ࡀ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡋ
ࡓሙྜ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ
)LJࡣ&X9&㗰ࡢ⤖ᬗ᪉఩࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢീ࠾ࡼࡧ7(0⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ➼㍈࠿ࡘࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞
⤖ᬗ᪉఩ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ⢏⤌⧊࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᖹᆒ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣwP࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ẕ┦୰࡟&X⢏Ꮚ࡜9&⢏Ꮚࡀูࠎ࡟ศᩓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ9&⢏Ꮚࡀ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡋࡓ
ሙྜ࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌ኱ࡁࡉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡣ&X㗰࡜ẚ࡭࡚ᚤ⣽࡟ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
)LJࡣ&X㗰ࠊ9&㗰࠾ࡼࡧ&X9&㗰ࡢබ⛠ᛂຊ̺බ⛠ࡦࡎࡳ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧
ែࡀྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟༢⣧࡞ẚ㍑ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ&X9&㗰ࡣ&X⢏Ꮚ࡜9&⢏Ꮚࡀูࠎ࡟ศ
ᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊྛ⢏Ꮚࡀ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ&X㗰ࡸ9&㗰࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⢏Ꮚࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡀ
㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡸ9&⢏Ꮚࢆ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡉࡏࡓሙྜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㧗࠸㝆
అᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍࠋ)LJࡣࠊ)LJࡼࡾồࡵࡓᘬᙇኚᙧ࡟క࠺┿ᛂຊࠊຍᕤ◳໬⋡ࡢኚ
໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&X9&㗰ࡢຍᕤ◳໬⋡ࡣࠊ9&㗰࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝࡢᣲືࢆ࡜ࡾࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࡣ㝆అ
ᙉᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊຍᕤ◳໬ᣲື࡟ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
)LJࡣࠊ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚&X⢏Ꮚ࡜◳㉁⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜศᩓࡉࡏࡓሙྜࡢ฼Ⅼࢆᴫ
ᛕⓗ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡀ༢⊂࡛ศᩓࡋࡓヨᩱࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡ࡸ኱ࡁࡉ࡟
ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡉࡽ࡟◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡ࢆቑຍࡉࡏ㧗
ᙉᗘ໬ࢆᅗࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㝆అ┤ᚋࡢຍᕤ◳໬ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ᪩ᮇ࡟ረ
ᛶ୙Ᏻᐃ࡜࡞ࡾ༑ศ࡞ᘏᛶࡢ☜ಖࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓヨᩱ୰࡟
&X⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᐜ᫆࡟㝆అᙉᗘࡢࡳࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ࡞࠾࠿ࡘ&X⢏Ꮚࡀ
ᛴ⃭࡞ຍᕤ◳໬ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢࡳࡀศᩓࡋࡓヨᩱ࡜ྠᵝࡢຍᕤ◳໬
ᣲືࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢࡳࡀศᩓࡋࡓሙྜ࡜ྠ⛬ᗘࡢᘏᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞
ࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᙉ໬ᶵᵓࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᮦᩱࡢ㝆అᙉᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿሙྜࠊᘏᛶࡣప
ୗࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓᮦᩱ୰࡟◳㉁⢏Ꮚ࡜
ู࡟&X⢏Ꮚࢆᯒฟࡉࡏࢀࡤ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᘏᛶࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ㝆అᙉᗘࢆୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ◳㉁⢏Ꮚศᩓ࡟ࡼࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ຍᕤ◳໬⬟࡜&X⢏Ꮚศᩓ࡟ࡼࡿ㝆అᙉᗘࡢ኱
ࡁ࡞ୖ᪼࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⢏Ꮚࡀᣢࡘ≉ᚩࢆᘬࡁฟࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡣ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ
࠾ࡼࡧ&X⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࢆ㐺ษ࡟ไᚚࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊⴭࡋ࠸㝆అᙉᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡣぢࡽࢀ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศᩓ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚⋡ࡸ⢏Ꮚᚄࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᙉᗘࡸᘏᛶࢆ
⮬⏤࡟ㄪᩚ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࠊ⢏Ꮚศᩓᙉ໬ࢆຠ⋡ࡼࡃ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ձ⤖ゝ
)H&X ஧ඖྜ㔠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬ᶵᵓࢆ㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ࡟╔┠ࡋ
ϩ$
᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓࠋ
ᐊ ࡛ࡢኚᙧ᫬࡟ࡣࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ QP ௨ୗࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㌿఩ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ
᩿ࡋ࡚㏻㐣ࡋࠊ㌿఩ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚ࠿ࡽ㞳⬺ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡣ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞
ࡿ࡟ᚑ࠸ቑ኱ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ࡔࡅ࡛
࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ࡶ౫Ꮡࡋࠊḟᘧ࡛ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
'V
3.2Gb
O
sin( 25q 0.76q u d p ) >3D@ d p QP
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ QP ௨ୖࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡣ᭱኱ࡢ
ࢎ࡟㐩ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᙉ໬㔞ࡣࠊ2URZDQ ᛂຊ࡜ྠ➼ḟᘧ࡛ぢ✚ࡶࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࣭
'V
3.2Gb
O
>3D@ d p ӍQP
&X ⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧⅣ໬≀9&⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓᮦᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄ࠾ࡼࡧᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ
᮲௳య✚⋡㺃⢏Ꮚᚄ࡞࡝ࡀ࡯ࡰ➼ࡋ࠸ᮦᩱࢆస〇ࡋࠊᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁࡟ཬࡰࡍ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ࠾ࡼ
ࡧ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓࠋ
&X ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ຍᕤ◳໬ᣲື࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣረᛶኚᙧ୰࡟ࡣ㝆అ᫬
ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࡞እ㒊ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㌿఩ࡣᖖ࡟ &X ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡀᚋ⥆ࡢ㌿఩ࡢ㞀ᐖ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡾ࠼࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᚤ⣽࡞ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡜ 9& ⢏Ꮚࢆ」ྜᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㧗࠸ᙉᗘ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝඃࢀࡓᘏᛶ
ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᮦᩱࡀᚓࡽࢀࠊ◳㉁⢏Ꮚ࡜ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᙉᗘ࡜ᘏᛶࢆ
⮬⏤࡟ࢥࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣟࣝࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ձ௜❶
ձ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸࡟ཬࡰࡍ㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡢᙳ㡪
)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㌿఩ࢆࣆࣥṆࡵࡍࡿ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫㝸ȢࡣࠊࣆࣥṆࡵ⢏Ꮚ
࠿ࡽ㞳⬺ࡍࡿ㌿఩ࡢ⮫⏺ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ
ࡣࠊ)ULHGHOࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚సᡂࡋࡓ㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ࡟క࠺Ȣ ࡢኚ
໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋȟF!ࢎ࡛ࡣࠊ⪃៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ㝽㛫㛫㝸Ȣ㸨ࡣࠊᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࠊᮏ
◊✲࡛᥇⏝ࡋࡓᘧ࡟ࡼࡾぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿ㝽㛫㛫㝸Ȣ୍࡛ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊȟFࢎ࡛
ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ⛬ࠊȢࡣDᘧ࡟ᚑ࠸኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
ȟF ࢎࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊȢࡣᘧ࠿ࡽぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡿȢࡢ ಸ࡟ࡶཬࡪࠋ
ϩ$
O
(sin T c )
1
2
ª
d3
d2 º
« S p S p » ȟFࢎ࣭࣭࣭D
« 6f d p 4 d p »
¬
¼
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㌿఩࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣆࣥṆࡵຊࡀᙅ࠸⢏Ꮚࡀศᩓࡋࡓᮦᩱ࡛ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫㛫
㝸ࢆṇ☜࡟⟬ฟࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲ
せࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡢ㝆అᛂຊ࠿ࡽぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࢆㄝ᫂
ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢᯒฟᙉ໬㔞ࢆᮏᩥ୰ࡢᘧ࡟௦ධࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿḟᘧȢ ࡜ ȟF ࡢ㛵ಀ
ࢆ‶ࡓࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
O
3.2Gb
'V
sin T c ࣭࣭࣭E
Fig. 19 ࡣࠊ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ 873K࡛ 0.6ks᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡋࡓ 3%Cu㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ(2.1)ࠊ (a) ࠊ(b)ᘧ࠿
ࡽồࡲࡿnj࡜ljcࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞nj*࡜ljcࡢ㛵ಀ࡜ᐇ㦂஦ᐇࢆ࡜ࡶ࡟‶㊊ࡍࡿ㝽㛫㛫㝸࡜
㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡣࠊ2 ࡘࡢ᭤⥺ࡢ஺Ⅼ࡛୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡔࡅࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ
(2.2)ᘧࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊljc࡟ࡣከᑡࡢㄗᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ྠᵝ࡞ㄪᰝࢆᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢྜ㔠࡛⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㌿఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
5ࢎ⛬ᗘࡢㄗᕪࡋ࠿⏕ࡌ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࡣࠊFig. 13 ࡸFig. 15 ࡛ࡢ㌿
఩ࡢᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘࡢㄗᕪ⠊ᅖෆ(±10ࢎ)࡟࠾ࡉࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡢ
ᙇࡾฟࡋゅᗘ(ljc)ࢆồࡵࡿ㝿ࠊnj*࡜ࡋ࡚⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ≧ែࡔࡅࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ(2.2)ᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡶᐇ
㦂⤖ᯝࡢഴྥࡸᙉᗘண ࡢᐃᘧ໬࡟ࡣၥ㢟࡞࠸࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ձFXWWLQJ ᶵᵓ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙉ໬ᅉᏊ
㌿఩࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢࡏࢇ᩿FXWWLQJᶵᵓࡣࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇶᆅࡼࡾࡶᙉᗘࡀప࠸
㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇶᆅࡼࡾࡶᙉᗘࡀ㧗࠸◳㉁⢏Ꮚࢆศᩓࡉࡏ
ࡓሙྜ࡟ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ࠊFXWWLQJᶵᵓ࡛ࡣࠊࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ⢏Ꮚࡢ᢬ᢠຊࡀ㔜せ࡛
࠶ࡾࠊ┤ᚄ㸹d p ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ᛂຊࢆȫ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㌿఩࡟⏕ࡌࡿ᢬ᢠຊ㸹ȫE d p ࡜
⥺ᙇຊ㸹7VLQȟFࡢ㔮ࡾྜ࠸࠿ࡽࠊḟᘧࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ
2T sin T c
sin T c
W *bd p ࣭࣭࣭
W * bd p
2T
࣭࣭࣭
ࡇࡢᘧࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿVLQȟFࡢ್ࡀ⢏Ꮚࡢ┤ᚄ d p ࡜
ᦶ᧿ᛂຊȫ㸨࡟ᙉࡃ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇶᆅࡼ
ϩ$
ࡾࡶᙉᗘࡀ㧗࠸◳㉁⢏Ꮚࢆศᩓࡉࡏࡓሙྜࡣࠊȫࡀ⢏Ꮚ⮬యࡢᇶᆅࡢᙉᗘࡢࡳ࡟㉳ᅉࡍ
ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㌿఩ࡀࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ⮫⏺ࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄࡣࠊ
ᘧ࡟࠾࠸࡚VLQȟF ࠊȫ *3Dȫ ™Ȫ\ ™+Yࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠾࠾ࡼࡑ
QP࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜࡣࠊ ⠇ࡼࡾ⮫⏺⢏Ꮚᚄࡣࡍ࡛࡟
QP࡜᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᦶ᧿ᛂຊȫࡢ⢏Ꮚᚄ౫Ꮡᛶࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ)LJ
ࡣࠊ୰ࡢȫ࡟ከ⤖ᬗ⣧㖡ࡢࡏࢇ᩿㝆అᛂຊࢆ௦ධࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿVLQȟF࡜⢏Ꮚᚄ
d p ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡏࢇ᩿㝆అᛂຊࡣࠊ⣧㖡ࡢᘬᙇ㝆అᛂຊࢆIFF㔠ᒓࡢ7D\ORU
ᅉᏊ࡛๭ࡗࡓ್࡛ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵࠊᅗ୰࡟ࡣ๓ᥖ)LJ ࡢ⤖
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Table 1 Chemical composition of steels used in this study (mass%).
C
Si
Mn
Cu
Cr
Ni
V
Al
Fe
1%Cu steel
0.007
<0.01
0.006
0.99
-
-
-
-
bal.
2%Cu steel
0.007
<0.01
0.008
1.98
-
-
-
-
bal.
3%Cu steel
0.007
<0.01
0.007
2.98
-
-
-
-
bal.
VC steel
0.21
0.10
0.20
<0.003
0.51
2.00
0.87
0.030
bal.
Cu-VC steel
0.21
0.10
0.20
1.99
0.52
2.00
0.88
0.031
bal.
P:<10ppm, S:<11ppm, N:<37ppm, O:<14ppm
J
Solution treatment
1473K-1.8ks
Partial solution
treatment
1273K-60s
J+VC
Tempering
973K-0.6ks
D+VC(+Cu)
W.Q.
W.Q.
F.C.
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VWHHODQG&X9&VWHHO
40
40
10
13
I6
6
R2.5
I3
M6
R5
I3
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(a)
(b)
(b)
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30
Cu
VC
Relative frequency (%)
25
20
15
10
5
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
Particle size, dp/nm
66
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1600
1500
J
Temperature,T/K
1400
1300
J+VC
1200
1100
DJVC
1000
900
D+VC
800
700
0
0.1
D+Fe3C+VC
0.3
0.2
C content [mass%]
0.4
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Nominal stress, Vn/MPa
700
VC steel (D=20µm, dp=25nm)
600
500
Cu steel
400
䠄D=30µm, dp=25nm䠅
300
200
pure iron䠄D=107µm䠅
100
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Nominal strain, Hn
0.6
0.7
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True stress(Vt),
Work hardening rate(dVt/dHt) / MPa
5000
Cu steel 䠄D=30µm, dp=25nm䠅
4000
VC steel
䠄D=20µm, dp=25nm䠅
3000
2000
pure iron䠄D=107µm䠅
1000
0
0
0.05
0.1
True strain, Ht
0.15
0.2
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VC steel
Cu steel
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Estimated dislocation density,
U/ m-2
1016
VC steel 䠄D=20µm, dp=25nm䠅
1015
pure iron
䠄D=107µm䠅
1014
Cu steel 䠄D=30µm, dp=25nm䠅
1013
1012
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
True strain, Ht
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700
Nominal stress, Vn/MPa
Cu-VC steel (D=20µm)
600
500
VC steel (D=20µm, dp=25nm)
400
300
200
Cu steel (D=30µm, dp=25nm)
100
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Nominal strain, Hn
0.6
0.7
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True stress(Vt),
Work hardening rate(dVt/dHt) / MPa
5000
VC steel 䠄D=20µm, dp=25nm䠅
Cu-VC steel (D=20µm)
4000
Cu steel 䠄D=30µm, dp=25nm䠅
3000
2000
pure iron䠄D=107µm䠅
1000
0
0
0.05
0.1
True strain, Ht
0.15
0.2
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True stress (Vt) or
Work hardening rate (dVt/dHt)
hard particle
Cu particle
Cu dispersion
True strain, Ht
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ࡣࠊศᏊືຊᏛἲ࡟ࡼࡿཎᏊࣞ࣋ࣝࡢィ⟬ᶵࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ≉࡟ࠊ
ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍEFF&Xᚤ⣽⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ከࡃࡢ▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦㸧
ࠋ
ᯒฟึᮇࡢ‽Ᏻᐃ࡞EFF&Xᚤ⣽⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚෆ㒊࡟౵
ධࡋ࡚⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿ࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᶵᵓ࡜ࡢぢ᪉࡛࠾࠾ࡼࡑ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ
㐣᫬ຠẁ㝵ࡢIFF&X㠀ᩚྜ⢏Ꮚ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣぢゎࡀศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ
ᶵᵓ㸦㸧࠾ࡼࡧ㌿఩ࡀ⢏Ꮚࢆ㎽ᅇࡍࡿࣂ࢖ࣃࢫᶵᵓ㸦㸧ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀
ࡢ&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㌿఩࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢᵝᏊࢆᤊ࠼ࡓỴᐃⓗ࡞⤌⧊ほᐹ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡣஈࡋ࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊȘ)Hࡢ☢ᛶࡀ7(0ࡢീ㉁ࢆⴭࡋࡃపῶࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊᚤ⣽࡞EFF&Xᩚྜ⢏
Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀపࡃほᐹࡀᐜ࡛᫆࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ
ၥ㢟Ⅼ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊ
㌿఩࡜&X⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
௨ୗࡢᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࢆ୰᩿ࡋࡓヨᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌿఩࡜&X⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝
ϩ$
ࢆ7(0࠾ࡼࡧ67(0࡟ࡼࡾほᐹࡋࠊ
ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡜㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ࡢ㌿఩⤌⧊ࡢᕪ␗ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊ
&X⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸦㸧ࠊᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂࡛ồࡵࡓ㝆అᛂຊࡢ
ᐇ㦂್࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᇶ࡟ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡜㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌿఩&X⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ
┦஫స⏝ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ
ղ㸫㸰㸬᪉ἲ
ᘬᙇヨ㦂∦≧࡟ຍᕤࡋࡓ)HPDVV&Xྜ㔠ࢆࠊ.࡛ NV⁐య໬ฎ⌮ࡋࡓᚋࠊ&Xࢆ
ᯒฟࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ .࡛ V࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ .࡛ NVࡢ⇕ฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ๓⪅ࡢ⇕ฎ⌮
ᮦࡣࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ࡉࡢᴟ኱್ࢆ♧ࡍࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋ⪅ࡣ᫬ຠ㌾໬ࡋࡓ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋᐊ ࡛ࡢᘬᙇヨ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ᛂຊṍ᭤⥺ࢆᚓࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ⤌⧊ほᐹ⏝࡟ ᘬᙇᚋ୰
᩿ࡋࡓヨ㦂∦ࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓࠋᅗ㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᘬᙇ୰᩿ヨ㦂∦ࡢ୰ኸ㒊࠿ࡽ᩿㠃ヨᩱࢆษࡾฟࡋࠊ
⾲㠃ຍᕤᒙࢆ࢚ࢵࢳࣥࢢฎ⌮࡛ྲྀࡾ㝖࠸ࡓࠋ㞟᮰࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒㸦),%㸧࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ
ἲ㸦㸧࡟ࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡉ ȣPᅄ᪉ࠊཌࡉ ȣPࡢᚤᑠⷧ∦ࢆࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࡋࠊⷧ∦ཌࡉࡀ QP࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛),%ຍᕤࡋࡓࠋⷧ⭷㠃ࡣᘬᙇ᪉ྥ࡟ᖹ⾜࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊヨᩱࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࢆȣ
P࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࡟ࡲ࡛ᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ș)Hࡢ☢ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࠊ7(067(0ほᐹࡀᐜ᫆࡟࡞
ࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊീ㉁ࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ),%ຍᕤ᫬ࡢ*D࢖࢜ࣥࣅ࣮࣒↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡾヨᩱ⾲㠃࡟ࡣ
ࢲ࣓࣮ࢪᒙࡲࡓࡣ)H*D໬ྜ≀ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊ
ࡇࢀࡽࡀ㌿఩ࡸᚤ⣽&X⢏Ꮚࡢീほᐹ࠾ࡼࡧ⤖ᬗᵓ
㐀ゎᯒࢆᅔ㞴࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸦㸧ࠋపಸ⋡ീほᐹ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ$Uࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࢡ࣮ࣜࢼ࡟ࡼ
ࡿ⾲㠃ฎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᑐฎ࡛ࡁࡓࡀ㸦㸧ࠊ㧗ಸ⋡ほᐹࡸ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ&X⢏Ꮚ࡜)H*D໬
ྜ≀ࡢ༊ูࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊゎᯒ࡟ᨭ㞀ࡀฟࡓࠋ
67(0 ീほᐹᶵ⬟࡜࢚ࢿ
ࣝࢠ࣮ศᩓᆺ㹖⥺ศග⿦⨨㸦(';㸧ࢆ⿦ഛࡋࡓ㏱㐣ᆺ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾 )(,7(&1$,) ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ
㌿఩࡜ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ 7(067(0 ほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ67(0 ほᐹ࡛ࡣࠊ┤ᚄ QP ⛬ᗘ࡟཰᮰ࡋࡓ㟁Ꮚࣉ
࣮ࣟࣈࢆヨᩱ⾲㠃ୖ࡛ ḟඖ㉮ᰝࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊヨᩱୗ㒊ࡢᚋ↔Ⅼ㠃࡟఩⨨ࡋࡓ᫂ど㔝࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
⎔≧ᬯど㔝᳨ฟჾ࡛㏱㐣㟁Ꮚࢆィᩘࡋ࡚ฟຊ⏬㠃࡟㝵ㄪ⾲♧ࡍࡿࠋ཰᮰㟁Ꮚ⥺ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ 67(0
ീ࡛ࡣࠊ7(0 ീ࡟ẚ࡭࡚⤖ᬗࡢ᪉఩ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡸṍࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀపῶࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᘬ
ᙇኚᙧヨᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌿఩ࡸᯒฟ≀ࡢほᐹࡀ᱁ẁ࡟ᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊほᐹ᮲௳㸦᳨ฟჾ࡛ྲྀ
ࡾ㎸ࡴ㟁Ꮚࡢᩓ஘ゅᗘ⠊ᅖ㸧ࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ከࡃࡢ㌿఩ࡸᯒฟ≀ࢆ୍ᗘ࡟ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ
࡜ࡸࠊ),% ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕ࣇ࢓ࢡࢺࡢᙳ㡪ࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟ᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ 67(0 ീࡢ฼Ⅼ࡜
ࡋ࡚≉➹ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
67(0ീ࠿ࡽ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᖹᆒ⢏ᚄศᕸࢆ ᐃࡋࠊ6FDWWHUJRRG࡜%DFRQ㸦㸧ࡢᘧ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࢜ࣟ
࣮࣡ࣥᛂຊȪ2Uࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸦㸧ࠋ
Ȫ2U ($0E^OQ'U%`ȧȤȢ
$ Ȥ% 㸦ࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡢ࡜ࡁ㸧
ϩ$
$ % 㸦ล≧㌿఩ࡢ࡜ࡁ㸧
' ȢUVȢUV
(ࡣࣖࣥࢢ⋡㸦™03D㸧ࠊȤࡣ࣏࢔ࢯࣥẚ㸦㸧ࠊ0ࡣࢸ࣮࣮ࣛᅉᏊ㸦㸧ࠊEࡣࣂ࣮࢞
ࠊUࡣ㌿఩ⰺࡢFXWRII༙ᚄE㹼E࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖹᆒ⢏
࣮ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢ኱ࡁࡉ㸦™㹫㸧
Ꮚ㛫㝸Ȣࡣḟᘧ࡛୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ
Ȣ ȧUIUȧUU
U ࡣ⢏Ꮚᙧ≧ࢆ⌫ᙧ㏆ఝࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚ༙ᚄ㸦67(0 ീ࠿ࡽᐇ 㸧ࠊI ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚ศ
⋡࡛࠶ࡾࠊ&X ཎᏊࡀࡍ࡭࡚ IFF&X ࡜ࡋ࡚ᯒฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡋࡓ㸦)HPDVV&X )H
YRO&X ࡼࡾ I 㸧
ࠋ௨ୖࡢᡭ㡰࡛ồࡵࡓȪ2Uࢆᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂࡛ᚓࡓ㝆అᛂຊ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㌿
఩࡜&X⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ
ղ㸫㸱㸬⤖ᯝ
ᅗ㸰ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦࡢ67(0ᬯど㔝ീ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱ࡁࡉ QPࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸⢏Ꮚ≧ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺ
࠾ࡼࡧ㌿఩࡟ࡼࡿ⥺≧ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ(';ඖ⣲࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢEࡼࡾࠊ᫂ࡿ࠸⢏Ꮚ
≧ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡣ&X⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡ࡛ࡣIFF&XࡢᏑᅾࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡣᚑ᮶ࡢሗ࿌㸦㸧࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊȘ)Hẕ┦࡟ᩚྜ࡞EFF࠶ࡿ࠸
ࡣ༙ᩚྜ࡞ 5ࠊ5ᵓ㐀ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㌿఩ࡣ&X⢏Ꮚྠኈࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࡼ࠺࡟ศᕸࡋ
࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㐣᫬ຠᮦ㸦ᅗ㸱ࠊ㸲㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㌿఩ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚ࡟⤡ࡳࡘࡃᵝᏊࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋീࢆ
ࡼࡃぢࡿ࡜ࠊ㌿఩⥺ࡢᖜ࡯࡝ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆࡶࡘᚤ⣽࡞㍤Ⅼ≧ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢ㍤Ⅼࡢ఩⨨࡜&XཎᏊࡢᏑᅾ఩⨨ࡣ ᑐ ࡛ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡢ㍤Ⅼ≧ࢥࣥࢺ
ࣛࢫࢺࡣ),%ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕ࣇ࢓ࢡࢺࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸦㸧ࠋᅗ㸱࡜ᅗ㸲ࡣ㐣᫬ຠᮦࡢ67(0
ᬯど㔝ീ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ),%ຍᕤヨᩱ࡛ࡣࠊⷧ⭷㠃ࡀȘ)Hẕ┦ࡢ᪉ྥ࡟࡯ࡰᖹ⾜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᘬᙇ᪉ྥࡸ㌿఩⥺᪉ྥ࡞࡝ࢆ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡᅗᙧ࠿ࡽᐜ᫆࡟ุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ&X⢏
Ꮚࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ QP࡜ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡟ẚ࡭࡚⣙ ᱆኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ⢒኱࡞⢏ᏊࡣȘ)Hẕ┦ࡢ
!᪉ྥ࡟㛗ࡃぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊȘ)Hࡢ!᪉ྥ࡟ἢࡗ࡚㛗㍈ࢆࡶࡘᅇ㌿ᴃ෇యᙧ≧ࡢ
IFF&X⢏Ꮚ㸦㸧ࢆ㠃࡟ᢞᙳࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡ࡛ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢሗ࿌㸦㸧࡜ྠ
ᵝ࡟.XUGMXPRY6DFKVࡢ᪉఩㛵ಀȘ)HIFF&Xࠊ>@Ș)H>@IFF&Xࢆ‶ࡓࡍ఩⨨
࡟IFF&XࡢᅇᢡᩬⅬࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
㐣᫬ຠᮦࡢ㌿఩⤌⧊࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᅗ㸱D࡜ᅗ㸲Dࡢほᐹど㔝ࡣ࡯ࡰྠࡌ࡛
࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡᅗᙧ࠿ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㟁Ꮚ⥺ධᑕ᪉ྥࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋᅗ㸱࡛ࡣ>@
ᬗᖏ㍈࠿ࡽ>@᪉ྥࢆ㍈࡟⣙ rഴᩳࡋࡓ᪉ྥ࠿ࡽ㟁Ꮚ⥺ࢆධᑕࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊJKNO ⣔⤫཯ᑕࡀࡸࡸບ㉳ࡉࢀࡓᅇᢡ᮲௳࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᅗ㸲࡛ࡣ J ⣔⤫཯ᑕ
ϩ$
ࡢ᪉ࡀບ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㌿఩ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀᾘ⁛ࡍࡿᅇᢡ᮲௳ J࣭E 㸦J ࡣ
ᅇᢡ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࠊE ࡣ㌿఩ࡢࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ㸧ࡀ ࡘࡢീ࡛␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋEFF ࡢȘ)H ࡛
ࡣ E !D㸦D ࡣ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ㸧
ࠊࡍ࡭ࡾ᪉ྥࡣ!࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡍ࡭ࡾ㠃ࡣ^`ࠊ^`ࠊ^`
࡞࡝」ᩘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡍ࡭ࡾ⣔࡜ほᐹ㡿ᇦࡢȘ)H ࡢᘬᙇ᪉ྥ>@࠿
ࡽ 6FKPLG ᅉᏊࢆィ⟬ࡋࠊୖグࡢᅇᢡ᮲௳࡜↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㌿఩
ࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡍ࡭ࡾ㠃ࢆ^`࡜௬ᐃࡋࡓሙྜࠊᅗ㸱࡛ࡣ 6FKPLG ᅉ
Ꮚࡀ᭱኱ ࡢ>@ࡲࡓࡣ>@ࡍ࡭ࡾ࡟ࠊᅗ㸲࡛ࡣ 6FKPLG ᅉᏊࡀ ␒┠࡟
኱ࡁ࠸ ࡢ>s@ࡍ࡭ࡾ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㌿఩ࡀ୺࡟ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᅗ㸱Eࡣᅗ㸱Dࡢ୍㒊ࢆᣑ኱ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
>@᪉ྥ࡟ἢࡗࡓ┤⥺ⓗ࡞㌿఩࡜ࡑࢀ௨
እࡢ᭤⥺ⓗ࡞㌿఩ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ
๓⪅ࡣᐊ ኚᙧࡋࡓȘ)H࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡢ┤⥺ⓗᙧ
≧ࢆࠊᚋ⪅ࡣล≧㌿఩ࡢ᭤⥺ⓗᙧ≧ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸧ࠋ㌿఩࡜┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ὀ┠
ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢ⦕ࡀෆ㒊ࡼࡾࡶ᫂ࡿ࠸ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸦▮༳㸧
ࠋࡇࢀ
ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ᙇࡾ௜ࡃࡼ࠺࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᅗ Dࡢ୍㒊ࢆᣑ኱ࡋࡓᅗ㸲E࡛ࡣࠊ>@᪉ྥ࡟ἢࡗ࡚┤⥺ⓗᙧ≧ࢆ♧ࡍࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩
ࡀከࡃほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㌿఩ࡢከࡃࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟⤡ࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᘬࡗ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣊
࢔ࣆࣥ≧ࡢ㌿఩ᙧ≧ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦▮༳㸧
ࠋ
7(0 ᬯど㔝ീ࡛ࡣࠊȘ)H ẕ┦࡜ IFF&X ⢏Ꮚࡢ㔜࡞ࡾ࡟ࡼࡿࣔ࣡ࣞ⦤࠾ࡼࡧᙉ࠸ṍࢥࣥࢺ
ࣛࢫࢺࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡢ㌿఩ࡢ
᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㌿఩ⰺ㏆ഐ࡟ࡢࡳᙉ࠸ᅇᢡࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀ
⌧ࢀࡿ 67(0 ീࡢ≉ᚩࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡢ㌿఩ࡢほᐹࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᅗ㸱ࠊ㸲࠿
ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊȘ)H ẕ┦ࡢ㌿఩ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺ࡜ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡟ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊࡟ࡣ඲యⓗ࡟
ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ
㌿఩࡜┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢከࡃࡣ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊࡟㌿఩ࡢࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫ
ࢺࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
67(0ᬯど㔝ീ࠿ࡽ ᐃࡋࡓᖹᆒ&X⢏Ꮚ༙ᚄUࢆ⏝࠸࡚ồࡵࡓ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊȪ2Uࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᐊ
ᘬᙇヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦㐣᫬ຠᮦEࡣ◚᩿๓࡟୰᩿㸧ࢆᅗ㸳࡟♧ࡍࠋ㐣᫬ຠᮦEࡢ㝆అᛂຊȪH[S
ࡣȪ2U࡟࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦࡢȪH[SࡣȪ2Uࡢ⣙༙ศࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ
ղ㸫㸲㸬⪃ᐹ
ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡜㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿఩⤌⧊࡜㝆అᛂຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂☜࡞ᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ
ᕪࡣ㌿఩࡜ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡛ࡣࠊ㝆అᛂຊࡣ
࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊࡢ༙ศ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ୰ࡢ㌿఩ࡣᚤ⣽࡞ &X ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࡼ࠺
࡟⦆ࡸ࠿࡟ࣆࣥࢽࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
」ᩘࡢ㌿఩ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ᅛ╔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⤌⧊ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊᚑ᮶࠿ࡽᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᶵᵓ㸦ᅗ㸴D㸧ࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ኱ࡁࡉ QP ⛬ᗘࡢᚤ⣽ &X ⢏Ꮚࡀ㌿఩ࡢ㐠ື࡟୚࠼ࡿ᢬ᢠຊࡣᙅࡃࠊ㌿఩
ࡣ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊࡟౵ධ࣭ࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ϩ$
୍᪉ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡀ⢒኱
໬ࡋࡓ㐣᫬ຠᮦࡢ㝆అᛂຊࡣ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊ࡟༉ᩛࡋࠊ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾ࡟ᙇࡾ௜ࡁࡘࡘ⢏Ꮚ
㛫ࢆᙇࡾฟࡍ㌿఩ࡸ㸦ᅗ㸱E㸧
ࠊ&X⢏Ꮚ࡟ᅛ╔ࡍࡿከࡃࡢ㌿఩ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲E㸧
ࠋࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ⢒኱&X⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀᘬຊ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡇࡢ&X⢏Ꮚࡀ㌿఩ࡢ㐠
ື࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᙉ࠸㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㌿఩ࡀ⢏Ꮚࢆ౵ධ࣭㏻㐣ࡍ
ࡿ๓㏙ࡢ࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࣔࢹࣝࡣ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡟ࡣ㥆ᰁࡲ࡞࠸ࠋᘬຊᆺ┦஫స⏝ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆ㌿఩ࡢᛂຊሙࢆ⦆࿴ࡍࡿ࣎࢖ࢻ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍ6URORYLW]ࡽࡢࣔࢹࣝ㸦㸧ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣẕ┦⢏Ꮚ⏺㠃࡛ࡢᣑᩓ㐣⛬ࡀ๓ᥦ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐊ
ኚᙧᮦ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝࡟ࡣၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㐣᫬ຠᮦࡢ IFF&X ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ᅇ᪂ࡓ࡟ࠕᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡
ࣥᶵᵓࠖࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿ㸦ᅗ㸴E㸧
ࠋ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࡣ㏻ᖖ᩺ຊᆺࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆᣦࡍࡀࠊȘ)H
ẕ┦ࡼࡾࡶᰂࡽ࠿࠸ IFF&X ⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㌿఩ࡢᛂຊሙࢆ &X ⢏Ꮚ⮬ࡽࡀṍࢇ࡛⦆࿴ࡍࡿࡓ
ࡵ࡟ࠊ㌿఩ࡣ &X ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ࡟ᘬࡁᐤࡏࡽࢀࠊ⢏Ꮚ࡟࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᐦ╔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀᘬຊᆺࡢព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟ࠊ㌿఩࡜┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ 7(0 ᬯど
㔝ീ࡟ࡣ」㞧࡞ṍࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࡸṍࢇࡔࣔ࣡ࣞ⦤ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
㌾㉁ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿ㌿఩
ࡢᛂຊሙࡢ⦆࿴ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋȘ)H ẕ┦࡜⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ㠀ᩚྜ࡞ IFF&X ⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞㌿఩ࡢᛂຊሙࢆ⏕ࡳࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢቑ኱ࢆక࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡀ᢬ᢠຊ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ
㌿఩ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊࡟ࡣ౵ධࡏࡎ࡟⢏Ꮚ⾲㠃ࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊ㌿
఩ࡀ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ࡜㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࡀṧࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿドᣐࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ7(067(0 ほᐹ࡛
ࡣࠊ⛬ᗘࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟࠾࠸࡚㌿఩ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡀ㌿఩ࣝ
࣮ࣉࢆ⾲ࡍࡶࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ &X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡢ㌿఩࠿㸦࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᆺ㸧ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᚋࠊࢫࢸࣞ࢜ほᐹ࡞࡝ࡢ ḟඖⓗゎᯒࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ
EFF⤖ᬗࡢረᛶኚᙧ࡛ࡣࡍ࡭ࡾ㠃ࡀ」ᩘᏑᅾࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ࡜㌿఩⥺ࡀᖹ
⾜࡞ࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡣ஺ᕪࡍ࡭ࡾࢆ㉳ࡇࡋᚓࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊᅗ㸱ࠊ㸲ࡢࡍ࡭ࡾ⣔ࡢゎᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
>@ࢆࡍ࡭ࡾ᪉ྥ࡟ࡶࡘࠊࠊ㠃ࡣ6FKLPLGᅉᏊࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࠊࠊ
࡜஫࠸࡟㏆᥋ࡋࡓ್ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࡍ࡭ࡾ㠃ࡢ㛫࡛஺ᕪࡍ࡭ࡾࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶ
ࡣ༑ศ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᅗ㸴Fࡣࠊࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡍࡿ㝿࡟࢟ࣥࢡᑐࡢ୍᪉ࡀ
஺ᕪࡍ࡭ࡾࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓሙྜࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ࢟ࣥࢡᑐࡣࡶࡣࡸྠ୍ࡍ࡭ࡾ㠃ୖ࡟࡞
࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࡣᙧᡂࡉࢀࡎ࡟࣊࢔ࣆࣥ≧ࡢ㌿఩ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊ
ᅗ㸲E࡛ከᩘほᐹࡉࢀࡓ࣊࢔ࣆࣥ≧㌿఩ࡢᡂᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࣊࢔ࣆࣥ≧㌿఩ࡢඛ➃㒊ࡣล
≧㌿఩࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋล≧㌿఩ࡣࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩࡟ẚ࡭࡚⛣ື㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓࡵ࡟㸦㸧ࠊረᛶኚᙧ
࡜ඹ࡟࣊࢔ࣆࣥ≧㌿఩࠿ࡽ┤⥺≧ࡢࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡀⓎ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ஺ᕪࡍ࡭ࡾࢆక࠺ࡽ
ࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡢࣂ࢖ࣃࢫᶵᵓࡣ&KDUOHX[ࡽ㸦㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᪤࡟ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊIFF&X⢏Ꮚ
ࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡍࡿࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡣ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟⢏Ꮚࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿ࡜⤖ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦 ḟඖⓗࣂ࢖ࣃࢫ
ϩ$
ᶵᵓ㸧
ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡋ࡚࢟ࣥࢡᑐࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡜ᚲࡎล≧㌿఩ᡂศ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋล≧㌿఩ࡣᐊ ࡛ࡣ஺ᕪࡍ࡭ࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡋࡓ㌿఩ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚࢆ᏶඲࡟
஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ୖ㏙ࡢᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࡢᴫᛕࢆᑟධࡍࢀࡤࠊ
◳㉁⢏Ꮚ࡜ IFF&X ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ࡛ࡢຍᕤ◳
໬⋡ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌿఩ࡀᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡋ࡚㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢḟ࡟ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡍࡿ㌿఩࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊぢ࠿ࡅୖࠊ㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࡢ኱
ࡁࡉศࡔࡅ⢏Ꮚࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫㊥㞳ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡀຍᕤ◳໬
ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣ㌿఩࡜ᘬຊᆺࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ
♧ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡣ◳㉁⢏Ꮚࡢሙྜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾࠊぢ࠿ࡅୖࡢ⢏Ꮚࢧ
࢖ࢬࡢቑຍ࡜⢏Ꮚ㛫㊥㞳ࡢῶᑡࡀ⦆ࡸ࠿࡟࡞ࡿࠋ)H&X ⣔㐣᫬ຠᮦࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿప࠸ຍᕤ◳
໬⋡ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜࡜┦ࡲࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌿఩࡜ IFF&X ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝࣓࢝
ࢽࢬ࣒࡟ࡶ㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ղ㸫㸳㸬௒ᚋࡢᒎ㛤
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ)H&X ࣔࢹࣝྜ㔠ࡢ㌿఩⤌⧊࡜㝆అᛂຊࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ
࡜㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ࡣ㌿఩&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣ࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᶵᵓࠊ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡟ᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋ௒
ᚋࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡢⅬࡀᮍゎ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚤ⣽ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀㸦㌿఩࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟క࠺ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤖ᬗᵓ
㐀ኚ໬ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ㸧
࣭㌿఩࡜⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࢧ࢖ࢬ࠾ࡼࡧ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀౫Ꮡᛶ
㸦┦஫స⏝࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒
࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢኚ໬ࡢ㉳※㸧
࣭㌿఩⤌⧊ࡢ ḟඖࢫࢸࣞ࢜ほᐹ㸦&X ⢏Ꮚෆ㒊ࡢ㌿఩ࡸ㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࡢ᭷↓ࠊ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᶵᵓࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠊᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࡢ⿬௜ࡅ㸧
࣭ล≧㌿఩࡜ࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌿఩&X ⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ㐪࠸
௨ୖࡢⅬࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ⌮ㄽィ⟬࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࢆࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ㌿఩࡜
&X ⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ゎࡣࡉࡽ࡟῝ࡲࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ϩ$
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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ⴥⱥ⳹୰ᓥⱥ἞ᰩୗ⿱᫂ᚋ⸨ṇ἞ྜྷỌ᪥ฟ⏨ ᪥ᮏ㔠ᒓᏛ఍ㄅ
ⴥⱥ⳹୰ᓥⱥ἞ᰩୗ⿱᫂ᚋ⸨ṇ἞ྜྷỌ᪥ฟ⏨ ᪥ᮏ㔠ᒓᏛ఍ㄅ
7.DPLQR7<DJXFKL<.XURGD72KQLVKL7,VKLWDQL<0L\DKDUDDQG=+RULWD
-(OHFWURQ0LFURVF
.)XMLLDQG.)XNX\D-1XFO0DWHU
6+DWD+6RVLDWL1.XZDQR0,WDNXUD71DNDQRDQG<8PDNRVKL-(OHFWURQ
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'-6URORYLW]5$3HWNRYLF/XWRQDQG0-/XWRQ$FWD0HWDOO
ϩ$
ᅗ㸯ᘬᙇ୰᩿ヨ㦂∦࠿ࡽ᩿㠃ヨᩱࢆษࡾฟࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠋ),% ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢἲ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ
኱ࡁࡉ ȣP ᅄ᪉ࠊཌࡉ ȣP ࡢᚤᑠⷧ∦ࢆษ᩿㠃୰ᚰ㒊࠿ࡽࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓࠋ
ᅗ㸰Dࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦࡢ 67(0 ᬯど㔝ീࠋ
Eྠ୍ヨᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Ș)H ⤖ᬗ⢏⏺㒊ࡢ 67(0 ᬯど
㔝ീ࠾ࡼࡧ ('; ඖ⣲࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢࠋ
ϩ$
ᅗ㸱D㐣ຠᮦࡢ 67(0 ᬯど㔝ീࠊ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡᅗᙧ࠾ࡼࡧ Ș)H ࡢ⤖ᬗ᪉఩ࢆ⾲ࡍ EFF ༢఩⬊ࠋ
ࣂ࣮࣮࢞ࢫ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡀ>@࡟ᖹ⾜࡞ล≧ࡲࡓࡣࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡀ୺࡟ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋE
ᣑ኱ീࠋ㌿఩࡜┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⦕ࡀ᫂ࡿ࠸㸦▮༳㸧
ࠋ
ϩ$
ᅗ㸲D㐣ຠᮦࡢ 67(0 ᬯど㔝ീࠊ㟁Ꮚᅇᢡᅗᙧ࠾ࡼࡧ Ș)H ࡢ⤖ᬗ᪉఩ࢆ⾲ࡍ EFF ༢఩⬊ࠋ
┤⥺ⓗᙧ≧ࢆ♧ࡍࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡀ୺࡟ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋEᣑ኱ീࠋ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡜┦஫స⏝ࡍ
ࡿ㌿఩ࡀ࣊࢔ࣆࣥ≧ࡢᙧែࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦▮༳㸧
ࠋ
ϩ$
ᅗ㸳ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦD࠾ࡼࡧ㐣᫬ຠᮦEࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚ༙ᚄศᕸ㸦ୖᅗ㸧
ࠋᖹᆒ್ U ࠿ࡽồࡵࡓ࢜
࣮ࣟ࣡ࣥᛂຊ Ȫ2U ࠾ࡼࡧᐊ ᘬᙇヨ㦂࡛ᚓࡓᛂຊࡦࡎࡳ᭤⥺࠿ࡽồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㝆అᛂຊ
ȪH[S㸦ୗᅗ㸧
ࠋล≧㌿఩࡜ࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩࡛ࡢ Ȫ2U ࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆࠊ㌿఩ࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ༙ᚄ U
E㹼E ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ㸴㌿఩࡜ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ┦஫స⏝ࣔࢹࣝࠋDࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢝ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᶵᵓࠋ㌿఩ࡣ
⢏Ꮚࢆࡏࢇ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋE㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᘬຊᆺ࣮࢜ࣟ࣡ࣥᶵᵓࠋ㌿఩࣮ࣝࣉࡣ
IFF&X ㌾㉁⢏Ꮚ࡟ᙇࡾ௜ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⢏Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋFࡽࡏࢇ㌿఩ࡀ &X
⢏Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡍࡿ㝿࡟࢟ࣥࢡᑐࡢ୍᪉ࡀ஺ᕪࡍ࡭ࡾࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓሙྜࠋ㌿఩࣮ࣝ
ࣉࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟࣊࢔ࣆࣥ≧ࡢ㌿఩ࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࠋ
ϩ$
ճ ረᛶኚᙧ࡟క࠺ &X ⢏Ꮚᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࡢ ;$)6 ほᐹ
ճ㸫㸯㸬⥴ゝ
㗰୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟࡣࠊᙜึࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡜ྠࡌ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡢEFF࡛ᯒฟࡍࡿࡀࠊᯒฟࢧ࢖ࢬ
ࡢቑ኱࡟క࠸ࠊ㸱5ࡸ㸷5࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୰㛫ᵓ㐀ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ&XࡢᏳᐃ┦࡛࠶ࡿIFF࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡛ࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟EFFᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞EFFᵓ㐀ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸
ࡣⱝᖸࡢ㐣᫬ຠẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡣ&X⢏ᏊࢆFXWWLQJࡍࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㌿఩ࡀ
FXWWLQJࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ‽ᏳᐃEFF&XࡣIFF࡟㏆࠸ᵓ㐀࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀศᏊືຊᏛ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ
᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࡀᙉ໬ᶵᵓࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋࠊረᛶኚᙧ࡟క࠺&X⢏Ꮚࡢᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࡢᐇ㦂ⓗ᳨ドࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ;$)6࡛ࡣ
ᵓ㐀ኚ໬ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ65;$)6ࢆά⏝ࡋࠊ᫬ຠᮦࡢᘬᙇヨ㦂๓ᚋࡢ;$)6ࣉ
ࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝኚ໬ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ
ճ㸫㸰㸬ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ
ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢඹ㏻ヨᩱ࡛࠶ࡿ-)(ࢫࢳ࣮࡛ࣝస〇ࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ⣔)H&X
ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ;$)6 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓヨᩱࡢຍᕤ⇕ฎ⌮᮲௳ࢆ⾲ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ᫬ຠ᫬㛫 ศ࡛
ࡣࠊ᫬ຠ๓ࡢணṍࡢ᭷↓࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ Υࡢ᫬ຠ࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ௒ᅇࡢᐇ㦂࡟౪ࡋ
ࡓ Υ࡛ࡣள᫬ຠࠊΥ࡛ࡣ㐣᫬ຠ࡟ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊணṍࡣ᫬ຠࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
Υ᫬ຠ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡼࡾ㐣᫬ຠ࡟࡞࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ;$)6 ᐃࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆᘬᙇヨ㦂๓ࠊ࠾
ࡼࡧ◚᩿ᚋࡢᆒ୍ኚᙧ㒊࠿ࡽ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᘬᙇヨ㦂ᮦࡢṍ㔞ࡣࢧࣥࣉ
ࣝ㛫࡛ᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍ᐃ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊQ ࡛ᐇ㦂ࡋࡓࠋ
;$)6 ᐃᐇ㦂࡟ࡣࠊ㸦㈈㸧㧗㍤ᗘග⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ㸫ࠊ኱ᆺࢩࣥࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥᨺᑕගᐇ
㦂᪋タ63ULQJ࣭%/%㸦Ẹ㛫 ♫ࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⏘ᴗ⏝ᑓ⏝ࣅ㸫࣒ࣛ࢖ࣥᘓタ฼⏝ඹ
ྠయࡢࢧࣥࣅ㸫࣒㸧ࡢ;$)6ᐇ㦂⿦⨨ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋヲ⣽᮲௳ࡣࠊᮏሗ࿌᭩ ࡟グ㍕ࡋࡓ
ࠋ
ճ㸫㸱㸬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ
)LJ ࡟ ᫬ ຠ ┤ ᚋ ࡢ ࢧ ࣥ ࣉ ࣝ ࡢ . ྾ ཰ ➃ ㏆ ഐ ࡢ ࣉ ࣟ ࣇ ࢓ ࢖ ࣝ 㸦 ;$1(6 㸧 ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ
NH9㏆ഐ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᫬ຠ᮲௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࠊΥ᫬ຠள᫬ຠᮦ࡛ࡣEFF
ᵓ㐀࡟≉᭷ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᒅ᭤ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㐣᫬ຠࡢணṍᮦࡢ Υ᫬ຠ࡛ࡣࠊᖹᆠ
࡞ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ㔞ࡢ&XࡀIFFᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐣᫬ຠᮦࡣ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀIFFᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ
ࡀࠊᅛ⁐㝈௨ୗࡢᅛ⁐&XࡶඹᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡟ᅛ⁐ࠊEFFࠊIFF&X
࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㹼NH9࡛ᅛ⁐&X࡜IFF&Xࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖
ࣝࡢพฝࡀ࡯ࡰ㏫ࡢഴྥࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ;$)6 ᐃࢆࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊヨᩱ୰࡟ᅛ⁐ࠊIFFࡢ㸰ࡘ
ϩ$
ࡢ≧ែࡀඹᏑࡍࢀࡤࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≧ែࡢ&XཎᏊ࠿ࡽಙྕࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊᚓࡽࢀࡿ;$)6ࣉࣟ
ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣᅛ⁐ࠊIFFࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ࠶ࡿ๭ྜ࡛ྜᡂࡋࡓᙧ≧࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ 㹼NH9㎶ࡾ࡟ᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊඹᏑࡍࡿᅛ⁐&X࡜IFF&Xࡢࣉࣟࣇ
࢓࢖ࣝพฝࡀ࡯ࡰ㏫࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࣆ࣮ࢡࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀᡴࡕᾘࡋ࠶࠸ᖹᆠ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼
ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
)LJ ࡛ Υࡢணṍ࡞ࡋᮦࡣࠊணṍ࠶ࡾᮦ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ EFF ࡟㏆࠸ഴྥࡶṧࡉࢀ࡚
࠾ࡾ㺂᏶඲࡟ࡣ IFF ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍືᚄศ
ᕸ㛵ᩘゎᯒ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡶ☜࠿ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋணṍᮦࡢ Υ᫬ຠࡔࡅࡀࠊIFF ࡟㏆࠸⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ
ࡓࠋணṍ↓ࡋࡢ Υ᫬ຠࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡣࠊEFF ࡟ࡼࡾ㏆࠸⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
)LJ ࡟᫬ຠᚋ࡟ᘬᙇࢆ௜୚ࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ ;$1(6 ࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚♧ࡍࠋΥ᫬ຠࡢள
᫬ຠᮦ࡜ࠊΥࡢணṍᮦ࡛ࡣᘬᙇヨ㦂๓ᚋ࡛㢧ⴭ࡞ᕪࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊΥࡢண
ṍ࡞ࡋᮦ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾᖹᆠ࡞ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ෌⌧ᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓ
ࡵணṍ࡞ࡋᮦࡢ Υ࡜ Υࡢᘬᙇヨ㦂๓ᚋࡢኚ໬ࢆ෌ᗘ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ )LJ
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ᖹᆒ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄG ࡣ ಶࡢ⢏ࡢ⦪㺃ᶓ㛗ࡉࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ᫬ຠฎ⌮๓ᚋࡢ◳ᗘ ᐃ
࠾ࡼࡧ◚᩿ᚋࡢ◚㠃ほᐹࢆ 6(0 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓ㸬
մ㸫㸱㸬⤖ᯝཬࡧ⪃ᐹ
մ㸱㸯 &X 㗰ࡢෆ㒊⤌⧊࡜᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺
&X㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ග㢧ほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ࡟♧ࡍ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᫬ຠฎ⌮ᮦࡶΰ⢏ഴྥ࡟
࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣள᫬ຠᮦ࡛ȣP㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡛ȣP㸪㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ȣP࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣ㹼ȣP࡜ྠ⛬ᗘ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
ḟ࡟㸪◳ᗘ ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ࡟♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰ࡢ)H㹼PDVV&X㗰ࡢ᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺ࡣ୰ᓥ
ࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪୸༳ࡣࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬&X㗰ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ୰
ᓥࡽࡢ᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺࡟࠾࠾ࡴࡡ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᫬ຠ᫬㛫V࡛ࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ࡉࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ
್*3Dࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪⁐య໬ࡲࡲᮦࡢ◳ᗘࡣ*3D࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾ᫬ຠ᫬㛫
Vࡣள᫬ຠ㸪NVࡣ㐣᫬ຠ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬&X⃰ᗘࡢ᫬ຠ◳໬࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪
PDVV&Xῧຍ࡛ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ◳ࡉࡢୖ᪼ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡀ㸪PDVV௨ୖῧຍࡍࡿ࡜◳ࡉୖ᪼ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ
࡞ࡿ㸬&X㗰ࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣ㸪)LJ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟࡝ࡢ᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡶྠ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪
◳ࡉࡢྥୖࡣ&Xࡢᚤ⣽ᯒฟ≀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬㕲ᇶᆅ୰࠿ࡽࡢ&Xᯒฟ≀ࡣ㸪
ึᮇẁ㝵࡛ࡣ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡜ᩚྜᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿEFFᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡜࡜ࡶ࡟5ᵓ㐀
ࡸ5ᵓ㐀࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୰㛫ẁ㝵ࢆ⤒࡚㸪IFFᵓ㐀ࡢȜ&X࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ㸬ᙉᗘࡀࣆ࣮ࢡ࡜࡞ࡿ
᫬ຠ᮲௳࡛ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣEFFᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᖹᆒQP⛬ᗘࡢᯒฟ≀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㹼㸬
մ㸱㸰 &X㗰ࡢ◚ቯ㠌ᛶ≉ᛶ
)LJ࡟᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࢆኚ࠼ࡓ&X㗰ࡢࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁ್ࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ẚ㍑ࡢࡓࡵ࡟
⁐య໬ࡲࡲᮦࡢ⤖ᯝࢆຍ࠼ࡓ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢヨ∦࡛ࡶ᫂░࡞ᘏᛶ⬤ᛶ㑄⛣'%7ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬
㑄⛣ ᗘ'%77ࡣள᫬ຠ≧ែࡢ᫬ຠ᫬㛫Vࡢヨᩱ࡛᭱ࡶపࡃ㸪ḟ࠸࡛㐣᫬ຠ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ
ヨᩱࡢ㑄⛣ ᗘࡀ⥆ࡁ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿV᫬ຠࡢヨᩱ࡛㑄⛣ ᗘࡀ.࡜᭱ࡶ㧗
ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣVࡢள᫬ຠᮦࡣN-P࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Vࡢࣆ
࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡛ࡣN-Pࡲ࡛పୗࡋࡓ㸬NV࡛ࡣ㹼N-P࡜ࡉࡽ࡟పୗࡋ㸪᫬ຠ
᫬㛫࡜࡜ࡶ࡟పࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㛗᫬㛫᫬ຠࡢNV᫬ຠᮦࡣ㸪◳ࡉࡣள᫬ຠ
ᮦ୪࡟ప࠸ࡀ㸪XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ㹼㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡜ྠ⛬ᗘ࡟ప࠸್࡜࡞ࡗ
ࡓ㸬
)LJ ࡣ㸪᫬ຠ࡟ࡼࡿ㑄⛣ ᗘࡢኚ໬ࢆ )LJ ࡛♧ࡋࡓ᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺࡜ᑐẚࡉࡏࡓ⤖ᯝ
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㑄⛣ ᗘࡣࣅࢵ࣮࢝ࢫ◳ࡉ࡟ẚ౛ࡋ࡚ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศࡿ㸬
ϩ$
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬ຠ◳໬࡟క࠺ⴭࡋ࠸ '%77 ࡢୖ᪼ࡣ )H&X ྜ㔠ࡢᐇ⏝໬࡟㝿ࡋ࡚኱ࡁ࡞
ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪ᯒฟᙉ໬ࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪㑄⛣ ᗘୖ᪼ࢆ㜼Ṇࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪࣮࣋ࢫ⤌ᡂ࡛࠶ࡿ &X 㗰࡟ 1L ࡸ 1E ࡢῧຍࢆヨࡳࡓ㸬
մ㸱㸱 ᨵၿ㗰ࡢෆ㒊⤌⧊࡜᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺
)LJ ࡟ᨵၿ㗰ࡢ⁐య໬ࡲࡲࡢග㢧⤌⧊ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄࡣ 1L 㗰࡛ ȣP㸪1L 㗰࡛
ȣP㸪1E 㗰࡛ ȣP㸪1L1E 㗰࡛ ȣP ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡶࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ༢┦⤌⧊
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪1L 㗰ࡶྵࡵ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺࡢฟ⌧࡞࡝ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬
&X 㗰ࡢ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚄ㹼ȣP ࡜ẚ࡭㸪ᨵၿ㗰࡛ࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ࡀᚤ⣽໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉࡟ 1L
࡜ 1E ࡢྠ᫬ῧຍ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬ࡢຠᯝࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ୍⯡ⓗ
࡞ᚤ㔞 1E ༢⊂ῧຍࡼࡾࡶ㸪ᩘ PDVVࡢ 1L ῧຍࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ᚤ⣽໬ຠᯝࢆ♧ࡍ࡜ゝ࠼
ࡿ㸬
ḟ࡟ 1L ῧຍ㗰࡜ 1E ῧຍ㗰㸪1L1E ྠ᫬ῧຍ㗰ࡢ᫬ຠ◳໬᭤⥺ࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍ㸬1L ࡸ 1E
༢⊂ῧຍ㗰ࡢ◳ࡉࡣ㸪ⓑᢤࡁ‫ࢫ࣮࣋ࡓࡋ♧࡛ۑ‬㗰&X 㗰࡜ྠ➼ࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪V ࡛ࣆ
࣮ࢡ◳ࡉࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬1L1E 㗰࡛ࡣⱝᖸ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ◳ࡉࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ᫬㛫ࡀ V ࡜ᑡ
ࡋ▷᫬㛫ഃ࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘࡣ *3D ࠿ࡽ *3D ࡜㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ
ࡼࡾᨵၿ㗰ࡢ᫬ຠ᮲௳ࡣள᫬ຠ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠ㸪㐣᫬ຠࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ V㸪V㸪NV ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬
ள᫬ຠ࡜㐣᫬ຠ࡛◳ࡉࡀྠ⛬ᗘ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㑅ࢇࡔ㸬
մ㸱㸲 ᨵၿ㗰ࡢ◚ቯ㠌ᛶ≉ᛶ
)LJ ࡣ㸪7DEOH ࡛♧ࡋࡓ ࡘࡢᨵၿ㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢᨵၿ㗰ࡶ᫂░࡞ᘏᛶ⬤ᛶ㑄⛣ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪㑄⛣ ᗘᖜࡣ .⛬ᗘ࡜㠀ᖖ
࡟⊃࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬)LJEࡣ 1L㗰ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬'%77ࡣ Vࡢள᫬ຠ࡛ .࡜
኱ኚపࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ḟ࡟ప࠸ࡢࡀ NVࡢ㐣᫬ຠᮦ࡛ .㸪ࡲࡓ Vࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦ࡛ࡶ .
࡜ᐊ ௨ୗࡲ࡛ᨵၿࡉࢀࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ N-Pࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪
ࡇࡢ್ࡣ⿦⨨ࡢ㒔ྜୖ㸪ࣇࣝ྾཰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵṇ☜࡞XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࡇࢀ௨ୖ
ࡢ್࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
)LJFGࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1E㸪1L1E ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛㸪1L ࡜ྠᵝ '%77 ࡣపୗࡋࡓ㸬ప
࠸᪉࠿ࡽள᫬ຠ㐣᫬ຠࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠࡢ㡰࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉࡟ 1L1E ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣள᫬
ຠᮦࡢ '%77 ࡣ . ࡛᭱ࡶపࡃ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡᮦ࡛ࡶ . ࡜ప࠸್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬
)LJ ࡣྛ㗰ࡢ⾪ᧁ྾཰࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ㸪᫬ຠ᫬㛫 Vࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦࢆ
㑅ࡧ㸪ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓᅗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ୰ࡢ ᗘࡣ'%77㸪◚⥺ࡣ⁐య໬ࡲࡲᮦࢆ♧ࡍ㸬'%77ࡣ &X㗰
ࡢ .࠿ࡽ㸪1E㗰㸪1L㗰㸪1L㗰㸪1L1E㗰ࡢ㡰࡟ప ഃ࡟኱ࡁࡃ⛣ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
≉࡟ 1L1E㗰ࡢ'%77ࡣ .ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ⁐య໬ࡲࡲᮦ࡜ྠ➼࡞ࡲ࡛ᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࡇ
ϩ$
࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪XSSHUVKHOI࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ &X㗰ࡀ N-P⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪࠸ࡎ
ࢀࡢᨵၿ㗰ࡶ⌧᭷⿦⨨࡛ ᐃࡋᚓࡿ᭱㧗್ࡢ N-Pࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
௨ୖ㸪1L1E ῧຍᮦ࡛ࡣ &X ࡢᯒฟᙉ໬࡛◳ᗘࢆ⁐య໬ࡲࡲᮦࡢ ಸ࡟ୖࡆ࡞ࡀ
ࡽࡶ㸪㠌ᛶࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲಖࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
մ㸱㸳 ࣮࣋ࢫ㗰࠾ࡼࡧᨵၿ㗰ࡢ◚㠃ほᐹ
)LJ ࡟౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡ᫬ຠᮦࡢ &X 㗰࡜ 1L1E 㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢩࣕࣝࣆ࣮⾪ᧁヨ
㦂࡟ࡼࡾ◚᩿ࡉࡏࡓヨᩱࡢᵝᏊࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗࡢᕥഃࡀ⬤ᛶ㡿ᇦ㸪ྑഃࡀᘏᛶ㡿ᇦ࡛◚᩿ࡉࡏ
ࡓሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Dࡢ⬤ᛶ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ◚㠃ࡣ඲యⓗ࡟ࡣᖹᆠ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡁࡽࡁ
ࡽගࡿ⣽࠿࡞⢏ࡢ㞟ྜయࡢࡼ࠺࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬Eࡢᘏᛶ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞พฝࢆࡶ
ࡗࡓ◚㠃࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪&X 㗰࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ୰㛫 ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽ୧᪉ࡢ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡗ
ࡓ◚㠃ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋᨵၿ㗰࡛ࡣ⬤ᛶᘏᛶ࡬ࡢ㑄⛣ ᗘᖜࡀᴟࡵ࡚⊃࠸ࡓࡵ㸪୰㛫
ᗘ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ◚㠃ࢆᣢࡘヨ∦ࡣ ᮏࡶ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ ᗘᇦ࡛ࡶ㸪◚㠃ࡢพ
ฝࡣ 1L1E 㗰ࡢ᪉ࡀᴟࡵ࡚⣽࠿ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ᫬ຠ
᮲௳ࢆኚ࠼ࡓ௚ࡢヨᩱ࡛ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
ḟ࡟㸪◚㠃ࡢヲ⣽ࢆ 6(0 ࡛ほᐹࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ㸪)LJ ࠾ࡼࡧ )LJ ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⬤ᛶ㡿
ᇦ࡜ᘏᛶ㡿ᇦ࡜࡟ศࡅ࡚♧ࡍ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡶ V㸦ࣆ࣮ࢡ㸧᫬ຠᮦࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬▮༳ࡣᕧど
ⓗ࡞ட⿣㐍ᒎ᪉ྥࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬DEࡣ &X 㗰㸪Fࡣ 1L1E 㗰ࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⬤ᛶ㡿ᇦࡢ
)LJDࡢ &X 㗰ࡣட⿣㛤ጞⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ 9 ࣀࢵࢳ㒊࠿ࡽᆒ୍࡟ᖹᆠ࡞◚㠃ࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
Eࡣࡑࡢᣑ኱࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ヨᩱࡀᨃ๼㛤㠃ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Fࡢ 1L1E
㗰࡛ࡣ㸪๼㛤◚ቯࡢ◚㠃ࡀ⣽࠿ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪཮ᬗኚᙧ࡞࡝ࡢⓎ⌧ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓ㸬
୍᪉㸪ᘏᛶ㡿ᇦ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ )LJ ࡛ࡣ㸪◚㠃ࡣࢹ࢕ࣥࣉ࡛ࣝそࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬EࡣD
ࡢᣑ኱࡛㸪&X 㗰ࡢ◚㠃࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝࡣẚ㍑ⓗὸࡃ㸪 ࡘࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀ ȣP ⛬ᗘ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋFࡢ 1L1E 㗰࡛ࡣ㸪ࢹ࢕ࣥࣉࣝᗏࡀ㯮࠸ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࢆ࿊ࡋ
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ᡃ ࡀ ᅜ ࡛ ࡣ ࡇ ࢀ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࠊ ኚ ែ ศ ⋡ ࡢ ᫬ 㛫 ኚ ໬ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡾ ᢅ ࠺ -RKQVRQ0HKO$YUDPL
.ROPRJRURY-0$.ࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ౑ࡗࡓࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀከࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱㏆࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
3KDVHILHOG ἲ3)0࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡑࡢཎ⌮ࡸຠ⏝ࡀ༑ศ⌮ゎ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿࠋᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢィ⟬⛉Ꮫ㸦㕲⣔㸧࡛ࡣᐇ㦂ࢢ࣮ࣝ
ࣉ࡜༠ຊࡋࠊ0/6 ࣔࢹࣝࠊ1 ࣔࢹࣝࠊ3)0 ࡽࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࠊEFFD)H ࠿ࡽࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢࢼࣀᯒฟ
ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ
&X ῧຍ㗰ࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞᫬ຠ◳໬ᛶ࡜ࡍࡄࢀࡓᡂᙧᛶࡣࢼࣀࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡿࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㕲㗰୰ࡢ &X ᯒฟࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
a) ึᮇ࡟ࡣẕ┦EFF࡜ᩚྜ࡞ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࠊᡂ㛗ࡢ㏵୰࡛ EFFÆIFF ࡬ᵓ㐀ኚែࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜
b) ⢏⏺ࠊ㌿఩ࡢ௚࡟࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫࡢ➇ྜᯒฟࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᯒฟᶵᵓࡢゎ᫂ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡸ &DKQ+LOOLDUG ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽࢆ
౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⤌ᡂࡸ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝ࡞࡝ࢆゎᯒࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᯒฟᣲ
ືࡢண ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᰾⏕ᡂࠊᡂ㛗ࠊ⢒኱໬ࢆྵࡵࡓ඲㐣⛬ࡢ⢏Ꮚᩘࠊ⢏Ꮚࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜ࡑ
ࡢศᕸࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤌ᡂࡸᙧែ࡞࡝ࢆ /DQJHU6FKZDUW]ࣔࢹࣝࠊ1 ࣔࢹࣝࠊ3KDVHILHOGࣔࢹ
ࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࠊ➼ ࠊ㠀➼ 㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⢏⏺㸦ࣛࢫቃ⏺㸧ࠊ㌿఩ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜ
ࢡࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➇ྜᯒฟࠊணṍࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋྛࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࡢᴫせࢆ♧ࡍ
ϩ$
࡜ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ձ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬
&X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢィ⟬
ղ&DKQ+LOOLDUG ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽ
&X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⤌ᡂࠊ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࠊ⮫⏺
ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㸦᰾⏕ᡂࡢ
άᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㸧
ճ&DKQ+LOOLDUG ࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ
᪉⛬ᘧ
᫬ຠ୰ࡢ &X ⮫⏺᰾ࡢᡂ㛗࡜⤌ᡂኚ໬
մ3KDVH)LHOGࣔࢹࣝ
ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝࠊ⢏Ꮚẕ┦⏺㠃࡬ࡢ೫ᯒࠊ
EFFÆIFF ኚែ
յ/DQJHU6FKZDUW]/6ࣔࢹࣝ
➼ ᫬ຠ࡜㐃⥆෭༷࡟࠾ࡅࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚ
ᚄࠊ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࠊẕ┦ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࡢ୰ࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬
ն1XPHULFDO1ࣔࢹࣝ
ୖ࡜ྠࡌࠋ⁐㉁ཎᏊᯤῬᖏࠊ⢏⏺ࠊ㌿఩ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜ
ࢡࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➇ྜᯒฟ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
1) J.S.Langer and A.J.Schwartz: Phys. Rev. A, 1980, vol. 21, pp. 948-958.
2) R.Kampmann, R.Wagner: “Decomposition of Alloys; the Early Stages”, ed. By P.Hassen,,
V.Gerold, R. Wagner, M.F.Ashby, Pergamon Press,Oxford, 1984, pp. 91-103.
3) R.Kampmann and R.Wagner: Atomic Transport and Defects in Metals by Neutron
Scattering, ed. C.Janot, W.Petry, D.Richter, T.Springer, Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1986,
pp. 73-77.
4) R. Wagner and R. Kampmann: Phase Transformations in Materials, Materials Science
and Technology vol. 5, VCH, Weinheim, 1991, p.280
5) A. Deschamps and Y. Brechet: Acta Mater, 47(1998), 293.
6)
J. D. Robson, M. J. Jones and P. B. Prangnell: Acta Mater., 51(2003), 1453.
7)
J.D.Robson: Acta Materialia 52(2004), 466
ϩ$
㸦㸰㸧➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬࡟ࡼࡿ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ホ౯
㸰㸬㸯 ⥴ゝ
᰾⏕ᡂࡣ⤌⧊Ⓨᒎࡢࡶࡗ࡜ࡶึᮇ࡟㉳ࡇࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⤌⧊ไᚚࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡜ࡇࢁࡀ᰾⏕ᡂ࡟ࡼࡿ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚ໬ࡢಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿண ࡣ㠀
ᖖ࡟ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ᰾⏕ᡂࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪ᚤᑠࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⏕ᡂ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞
࠺ኚ໬࡜ࡋ࡚
⇕ຊᏛⓗ࡞㥑ືຊ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ᭷㝈 ᗘ࡛ࡢ᣺ື㸪㓄⨨࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ኚ໬
⁐㉁ࡢᣑᩓ
⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
ṍ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
⇕⭾ᙇ
࡞࡝ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞」㞧࡞⌧㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿィ⟬ᡭἲ࡟ࡣ㸪➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬࡜ศᏊືຊᏛἲࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡣ㸪 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽࡢィ⟬ᶵ⬟ຊࡢ㣕㌍ⓗ࡞ྥୖ࡜㸪㟁Ꮚᵓ㐀ィ⟬⌮ㄽࡢ╔ᐇ࡞
㐍Ṍ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪༢⣧࡞ࣔࢹࣝ⣔ࡢィ⟬࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎ㸪௒ࡸᕷ㈍ࡢ 3& ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪⌧ᐇⓗ࡞」
㞧⣔ࡢィ⟬ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶィ⟬⢭ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪⤖ᯝࡢಙ㢗ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬ࡣࡑࡢཎ⌮࠿ࡽᇶᗏ≧ែࡢィ⟬࡟ࡋ࠿㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸪࠶ࡿ࠸
ࡣᇶᗏ≧ែࡢ≀ᛶࡋ࠿ィ⟬࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪᰾⏕ᡂ࡞࡝ࡢ᭷㝈 ᗘ
࡛㉳ࡇࡿ⌧ᐇࡢ⌧㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡓ౛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ࡲࢀ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ศᏊືຊᏛἲ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢟ࢿࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࣔࣥࢸ࢝ࣝࣟἲ࡞࡝ࡢືⓗ࡞ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞᭷㝈 ᗘࡢィ⟬࡟ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ྥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛౑ࢃࢀࡿ
ཎᏊ㛫࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟ಙ㢗ᛶࡀపࡃ㸪᰾⏕ᡂࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉Ṧ࡞⎔ቃ࡟࠾࠸࡚⢭☜࡞
್ࢆ෌⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡢ᳨ドࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ືⓗ࡞ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡢ
᰾⏕ᡂ㐣⛬ࡣ㸪 ᗘࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟▷࠸᫬㛫࡛⤊ࢃࡿࡓࡵ㸪᰾⏕ᡂ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞
࠺άᛶ໬≧ែࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ┤᥋ồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬
ᡃࠎࡣ㸪)H⣔ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࡢ◊✲ࢆ࡜࠾ࡋ࡚ᯒฟ≀ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ィ⟬ἲ
ࢆ☜❧ࡋࡓ㸬᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽࡢࢃࡎ࠿࡞㸪ࡋ࠿ࡋỴᐃⓗ࡞ᨵⰋ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᯒฟࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮⏕ᡂ⮬
⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ⡆༢࡟ィ⟬ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᡭἲࡢࡃࢃࡋ࠸ㄝ᫂࡜㸪)H&X⣔࡬㐺⏝ࡋࡓ⤖
ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㸬
㸰㸬㸰 ᪂ࡋ࠸ᯒฟ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ィ⟬ἲ
)H&X⣔ࢆ౛࡟ලయⓗ࡞⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬ྂ඾ⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸࡛ࡣ㸪ᯒฟ≀ࡢ㥑ືຊ
ࡣ)LJ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ẕ┦ࡢ⤌ᡂࢆ[࡜ࡍࡿ࡜&XཎᏊࡢࡶࡘᯒฟࡢ㥑ືຊࡣ㸪ࡑࡇ
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࡛ࡢษ∦㸪ࡘࡲࡾࡣ໬Ꮫ࣏ࢸࣥࢩ࡛ࣕࣝ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ྑࡢ㍈࡟▮༳࡛♧ࡋࡓ㔞࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ
࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ࣮Ǽ+࡜࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮7Ǽ6࡜࡟ࢃࡅࡿ㸬)LJ ᕥࣃࢿࣝ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ
ྂ඾ⓗ࡞᰾⏕ᡂ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸࡛ࡣ㸪
ᯒฟࡢ㥑ືຊǼ)Y࡜⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㡯+Ȫ࡜
ࡢ࿴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛)LJ ୰ࣃࢿࣝ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ࣮Ǽ+Y࡜࢚
ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮7Ǽ6Y࡜࡟ࢃࡅࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛)LJ ࡜㐪࠸㸪⣔ࡢኚ໬ࢆୗྥࡅ࡟ྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪
࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ࣮࡜࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ࡀ㏫ྥࡅ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟)LJ ྑࣃࢿࣝ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
Ǽ)Q Ǽ)Y+Ȫ
Ǽ+Y̽7Ǽ6Y+Ȫ
Ǽ+Y+Ȫ̽7Ǽ6Y
࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⣔ࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚ໬ࢆ࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ࣮㡯࡜࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮㡯࡜࡟ࢃࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡿ㸬࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ࣮㡯࡟ࡣᘧ࠿ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿ㏻ࡾ㸪⤌ᡂ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮᭤⥺࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿΰྜ
ࡢ࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ࣮ኚ໬࡜㸪⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡜ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ኚ໬ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ẕ┦)H୰࡟Ꮩ❧ࡋ࡚ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ&XཎᏊࡀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࡟จ㞟
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ㓄⨨ࡢ࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ࣟࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ.DPLMR)XNXWRPLࡽ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ
Ǽ6 N%QOQ[ ࡜ぢ✚ࡶࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛N%ࡣ࣎ࣝࢶ࣐ࣥᐃᩘ㸪Qࡣࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࢧ࢖ࢬ㸪[ࡣ๓㏙ࡢẕ┦ࡢ&X⃰ᗘ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡇࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࢆࡼࡾ┤ឤⓗ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡢࡀ )LJ ࡛㸪
ᯒฟཎᏊ &X ࡀᆒ➼࡟ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿึᮇ
≧ែ࡜㸪Q ಶࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⤊≧ែ࡜ࡢ࢚ࣥࢱࣝࣆ࣮㸪࢚ࣥࢺࣟࣆ࣮ࡢᕪࢆィ⟬ࡍࢀ
ࡤ࠸࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
㸰㸬㸱 ィ⟬ᡭἲ
㟁Ꮚᵓ㐀ィ⟬࡟ࡣ9$639LHQQD$ELQLWLR6LPXODWLRQ3DFNDJHࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⏝࠸㸪ᖹ㠃Ἴᇶ
ᗏ࢘ࣝࢺࣛࢯࣇࢺᨃ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝἲ㸪**$㏆ఝ㸪VSLQSRODUL]HG࡛ィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸬9$63ࡣ௚ࡢ➨୍
ཎ⌮ィ⟬ᡭἲ࡟ẚ࡭࡚⢭ᗘࡣࡸࡸຎࡿࡀ㸪)H⣔࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ጇᙜᛶࡀ༑ศ࡟᳨ドࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᑡ
࡞࠸࣓࣮࡛ࣔࣜ㧗㏿࡟ືࡁ㸪኱ࡁ࡞ࢭࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ⣔࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ᑠࡉ࠸ࢭࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪
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⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣኚศἲࡢ࢜࢖࣮ࣛ(XOHUࡢ᪉⛬ᘧࠊ
w'f
wc1
K 1’ 2 c1 L12 ’ 2 c 2
2
w'f
wc 2
2
L12 ’ c1 K 2 ’ c 2
ࢆゎࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋቃ⏺᮲௳ࡣࠊ
wc1
wr
wc2
wr
0,
0
r
0
0
r
f
࠾ࡼࡧࠊ
c1
0
c1 ,
c2
c2
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘࡢ⤌ᡂ౫Ꮡᛶࡣᑠࡉ࠸࡜௬ᐃࡋࠊ↓どࡍࡿࠋ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ
࣮ಀᩘࡣࠊṇ๎⁐యࡢ┦஫స⏝ಀᩘ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ
K1
: 01a 2
,
6 N av
L12
a2
:12 :01 :02 6 N av
K2
: 02 a 2
6 N av
࠾ࡼࡧࠊ
࡜᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࠊ1DYࡣ࢔࣎࢞ࢻࣟᩘࠊDࡣ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᯒฟᣲືࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
/6ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩ࢆཧ↷ࡉ
ࢀࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ&X7Lࠊ)H&Xࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ1L$O࡞࡝ࡢྜ㔠⣔࡟㐺
⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㌿఩ୖࡢ୙ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡶ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࡿࡓࡵࠊᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ࡟ヰࢆ㝈ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࡣࠊ
J
§ t ·
§ W ·
NV E Z exp¨ ¸ exp¨ inc ¸ © kT ¹
© t ¹
࡟ࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࠊEࡣ㢖ᗘᅉᏊࠊ=ࡣࢮࣝࢻࣅࢵࢳࡢ㠀ᖹ⾮ᅉᏊࠊWLQFࡣ₯అ᫬㛫
࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣྂ඾ㄽࡢ⾲ᘧࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᅉᏊࡣ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ
ྵࡴࡀࠊ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ್࣮࡟ᑐࡍࡿ౫Ꮡᛶࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ
ϩ$
&Xࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩚྜ⢏Ꮚࡢᡂ㛗ࡣ&DKQ+LOOLDUGࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺࡭ࡁ࡛
࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᯒฟ⢏Ꮚẕ┦⏺㠃ࡣࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ࡞⏺㠃࡜ࡋࠊࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡜ࡁ࡟ᡂࡾ❧ࡘ㟼Ṇ⏺㠃㏆ఝࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࠊᡂ㛗㏿ᗘࢆ
c cR D
c p cR R
v R ࡟ࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋ&X⢏Ꮚࡢᯒฟࡀྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢᣑᩓ࡛ᚊ㏿ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊD)H
୰ࡢ0Qࡢᣑᩓಀᩘࡣ&X࡜ྠ⛬ᗘࠊ1Lࡣ&Xࡢ ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ'࡜ࡋ࡚&Xࡢ
ᣑᩓಀᩘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
F5ࡣᯒฟ≀ẕ┦⏺㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿẕ┦ഃࡢ&X⃰ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢠࣈࢫࢺ࣒ࢯࣥຠᯝࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ
࡜ࠊ
cR
§ 2VVm 1 ·
¸ ce exp¨
¨ R T R¸
© g
¹
࡜᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸦5JࡣẼయᐃᩘ㸧ࠋ)LJ ࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊFH࡟ᑐࡍࡿྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢᙳ
㡪ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ኱ࡁࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸱㸬㸱㸬 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ
⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
ᘧࡣF࡜Fࡢ㐃❧ 㝵ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆࠊ
wc1
wr
u1 ,
wc2
wr
u2 ࡜࠾ࡁࠊFࠊFࠊX࠾ࡼࡧXࡢ ࡘࡢ㛵ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㐃❧ 㝵ᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋࠊ ḟ
ࡢ5XQJH.XWWDἲ࡟ࡼࡾᩘ್ゎࢆồࡵࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊF࡜Fࡢึᮇ್㸦U ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ್㸧
ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡞ࡀࡽ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆィ⟬ࡋࠊ᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ᙜ࠿ྰ࠿
ࢆࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡋࡓࠋ᰾ࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ/㡯࡞࡝ࡢ
ᙳ㡪࡛ࠊ᰾ࡢ࿘㎶࡬⾜ࡃ࡟ࡘࢀࠊ᣺ືࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ᭱㐺ࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢุᐃࡀᅔ
㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᘧࢆ౑ࡗ࡚᰾ࡢᙧᡂ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ࡋࠊ:ࡀ᭱ᑠ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞
F࡜Fࡢึᮇ್ࢆ᥈⣴ࡋࡓࠋ
)LJ ࡣ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ0Q⃰ᗘF0QU ࢆኚ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢࡘ࡝F&XU ࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡉ
ࡏࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ:ࡢ್ࢆF0QU ࢆᶓ㍈࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኚ໬㔞ࡣࢃࡎ࠿࡛
ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊF0QU ࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚:ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ)LJE࡟:ࡀ᭱ᑠ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ
࡜ࡁࡢ᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ♧ࡍ㸦)LJDࡣ)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠ࡢ&X᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
ϩ$
࡛࠶ࡿ㸧
ࠋࡲࡓࠊ)LJF࡟)H&X1Lྜ㔠ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢྜ㔠࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡶ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ0Qࡸ1Lࡢ⃰ᗘࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࢮ࡛ࣟ࠶ࡾࠊ&X⃰ᗘࡣ㸰ඖ⣔ࡢ࡜
ࡁࡼࡾࡶῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ&X࡜0Qࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ&X࡜1L࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀ཯Ⓨⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᚰ࠿ࡽ࿘㎶࡟ྥ࠿࠺࡜ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ⃰ᗘࡣ୍᪦㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ෌ࡧῶ
ᑡࡋ࡚ࣂࣝࢡࡢ⃰ᗘ࡟㏆࡙ࡃࠋ&X⃰ᗘࡀᛴ⃭࡟ῶᑡࡋጞࡵࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛0Qࡸ1Lࡢ⃰ᗘࡀ᭱
኱࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢඖ⣲ࡀ&X⢏Ꮚ࡜࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫࡢ⏺㠃࡟೫ᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ほᐹ஦ᐇ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ7DEOH ࡟$3),0࡜7(0(';࡟ࡼࡿ⃰ᗘศᯒࡢሗ࿌౛ࢆ
♧ࡍࠋ
᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡬ࡢྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢᙳ㡪
)LJ ࡟ᘧࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓ᰾ᙧᡂ࡟ᚲせ࡞௙஦ : ᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆྜ
㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ⃰ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࠋ&X ࡢࣂࣝࢡ⃰ᗘࡣ ZW࡜ࡋࠊ ᗘࡣ q& ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ0Qࠊ1L ࡢ཮᪉࡜ࡶῧຍ࡟ࡼࡾ : ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡢῧຍ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ)H&X
ඖྜ㔠ࡢ್ࡼࡾ 0Q ࡀ ῶࠊ1L ࡀ ῶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ1L ࡢ᪉ࡀῶᑡࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡀࡸࡸ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ 0Q ࡸ 1L ࡢῧຍ࡟ࡼࡾ᰾⏕ᡂࡢ㢖ᗘࡀቑຍࡋࠊ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧
၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⢏Ꮚᩘࠊ⢏Ꮚࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬
)LJD ࡜ E ࡟ /6 ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࡓ )HZW&X1L㸱ඖྜ㔠ࡢ &X
⢏Ꮚᩘ࡜⢏Ꮚࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ᫬ຠ ᗘࡣ q& ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1L ࡢῧຍ࡟ࡼࡾ⢏Ꮚ
ࢧ࢖ࢬࡣ࠶ࡲࡾᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⢏Ꮚᩘࡣ a ಸቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ)LJ
࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓ : ࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
)LJ ࡣ)HZW&Xྜ㔠ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀ࡟ ZW0Q࡜ ZW1Lࢆῧຍࡋࡓྜ㔠ࡢ$3),0
࡟ࡼࡿཎᏊ࣐ࢵࣉീࢆ♧ࡍࠋ&HUH]Rࡽࡣ)HDW&XDW1LDW0QDW
6Lྜ㔠࡜)HDW&XDW1LDW0QDW6Lྜ㔠࡛ࡣࠊ᫬ຠ࡟ࡼࡿ◳ࡉࡢቑ
ຍࡀᚋ⪅ࡣ๓⪅ࡢ a ಸ࡟㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ+LURVDZDࡽࡣྠࡌྜ㔠࡛
$3),0ീ࠿ࡽ⢏Ꮚᩘࢆ ᐃࡋࠊᚋ⪅ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ್ࡀ๓⪅ࡢa ಸ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚
࠾ࡾࠊᮏィ⟬࡜ࡼࡃ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡸࡇࢀࡲ࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ0Q
ࡸ1Lࡢῧຍ࡟ࡼࡾ&X⢏Ꮚᩘࡣቑຍࡢഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊᮏィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜ᐃᛶⓗ࡟ྜ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸱㸬㸲 ⤖ゝ
&DKQ+LOOLDUG ⌮ㄽ࡜ /6 ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ)H&X ྜ㔠ࡢ &X ᯒฟ࡟ཬࡰࡍྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ
ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ&X ᰾ࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᚲせ࡞௙஦㸦᰾⏕ᡂࡢάᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㸧ࡣ
ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢ DWࡢῧຍ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠ࡢ್ࡢ a⛬ᗘࡢ๭ྜ࡛ῶᑡࡋࡓࠋ⮫⏺
ϩ$
᰾ࡢ⃰ᗘࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣ᰾ࡢ୰ᚰࡼࡾࡸࡸእഃ࡛ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡀ㧗⃰ᗘ࡟࡞ࡾࠊᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟ほ
ᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚẕ┦⏺㠃࡬ࡢ೫ᯒ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ/6 ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡾ
ᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢῧຍ࡟ࡼࡾ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀ a ಸ࡟ቑຍࡋ
ࡓࠋ⢏Ꮚࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ 1L ῧຍ࡟ࡼࡿ᫬ຠ◳໬㔞ࡢቑຍࠊ࠾
ࡼࡧ $3),0 ീ࡟ࡼࡾほᐹࡉࢀࡿ⢏Ꮚᩘቑຍࡢഴྥ࡜ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
1) G.M. Worrall, J.T. Buswell, C.A. English, M.G. Hetherington and G.D.W. Smith: J. Nucl.
Mater., 148(1987), 107
2) K.Osamura, H.Okuda, K.Asano, M.Furusaka, K.Kishida, F.Kurosawa and R.Uemori, ISIJ
International, vol.34(1994), p.346
3) A.Cerezo, T.J.Godfrey, C.R.M.Grovenor, M.G.Hetherington, R.M.Hoyle, J.P. Jakubovics,
J.A.Liddle, G.D.W.Smith and G.M.Worrall, J.Microscopy, vol.154(1989), p.215
4) M.K. Miller, K.F. Russell, P. Pareige, M.J. Starink, R.C. Thomson, Mater.Sci.Eng.,
A250(1998), p.49
5) M.K. Miller, B.D. Wirth and G.R. Odette, Mater.Sci.Eng., A353(2003), p.133
6) A. Cerezo, S. Hirosawa, I. Rozdilsky and G.D.W. Smith, Phil.Trans., R.Soc.A
vol.361((2003) p.463
7) ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠊᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠊᖹᡂ 13-15 ᖺ
ᗘᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩ࠊ㈈ᅋἲே㔠ᒓ⣔ᮦᩱ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠊᮾி
8) J.W.Cahn and J.E. Hilliard, J.Chem.Phys., vol.31(1959), p.688
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Gerold, R. Wagner and M. F. Ashby, Eds., Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, (1984),
91
11) C.H.P. Lupis, Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials, p.309, 1983, North-Holland, New
York
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Scattering, ed. by C.Janot, W.Petry, D.Richter and T.Spronger, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986,
pp.66-72.
13) R. Kampmann and R. Wagner: Atomic Transport and Defects in Metals by Neutron
Scattering, ed. by C.Janot, W.Petry, D.Richter and T.Spronger, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986,
pp.73-77.
14) P. Haasen, Metall.Trans.A, vol.16A,(1985), p.1173
15) C. Zhang, M. Enomoto, T. Yamashita and N. Sano: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 35A(2004),
1263.
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1970
17) J. Friedberg, L.-E.Törndahl and M.Hillert, Jernkont. Ann., vol.153(1969), p.263
18) R.Monzen, K.Takada, C.Watanabe: ISIJ International, vol.44(2004), p.442
19) బ㔝┤ᖾࠊࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠊᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡟
࠾ࡅࡿᮍⓎ⾲◊✲
20) S. Hirosawa, ᮍⓎ⾲◊✲ࠊ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫࠊ2004
ϩ$
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Fig.1 Miscibility gap and spinodal lines calculated at
500qC in the Fe-Cu-Mn system.
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Fig.2
Schematic illustration of the
influence of alloying element (Mn)
on the miscibility gap and critical
temperature (TC) in bcc Fe-Cu
alloys.
Fig.3 Work for the formation of Cu nucleus as a function of
the assumed Mn concentration at the center of a nucleus.
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Fig.4
b)
c)
Solute concentration profile in Fe-3Cu, Fe-3Cu-1Mn and Fe-3Cu-3Ni alloys.
Fig.5 Variation of the work for the formation of Cu
critical nucleus with alloying element concentration
(mole fraction).
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b)
c)
Fig.6 Variation of a) the Cu particle radius, and b) the particle number calculated at
365rC in Fe-0.5Cu-Ni alloys using Langer-Schwartz model.
Fig.7 APFIM mapping image of Fe-1.5Cu, Fe-1.5Cu-0.5Mn and 0.5Ni
alloys. They are solution treated at 830 C for 10 min, 10% prestrained
and aged at 450 C for 20 min [20].
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ࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣࡑࡢᚋࠊ.DPSPDQQ:DJQHU࡟ࡼࡾ㔠ᒓࡢᯒฟ࡟ᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࠊ➼ ᫬ຠ୰ࡢᯒฟ⢏Ꮚ
ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡸᩘᐦᗘࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ)H&Xྜ㔠࡟㐺⏝ࡋࠊ᫬ຠ୰ࡢ&Xᯒฟᣲືࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ᡭἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋᖹᡂ㸯㸱ᖺᗘࡣ&DKQ+LOOLDUGࡢ㠀ྂ඾ⓗ᰾⏕ᡂ⌮ㄽࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࠊ)H&Xྜ㔠
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ&X᰾ࡢ⤌ᡂࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜᰾ᙧᡂ࡟ᚲせ࡞௙஦㸦άᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㸧ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࣉ
ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋᖹᡂ㸯㸲ᖺᗘࡣࠊணṍࡳ௜୚࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟಁ㐍ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰ࡢᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㌿఩ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࡸ㐣๫✵Ꮝࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ
ࣔࢹࣝࢆ㏣ຍࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᖹᡂ㸯㸳ᖺᗘࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢᯒฟ࡛ࡣ㌿఩ୖ࡜࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰ࡢ᰾⏕
ᡂࡀ➇ྜࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ࡜㌿఩ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚➇
ྜࡍࡿሙྜࡢィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᱁ᏊḞ㝗㔞ࡢኚ໬ࢆ㝧㟁Ꮚᑑ࿨ ᐃ
ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ぢ✚ࡶࡾࠊணṍࡳ௜ຍ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟಁ㐍ຠᯝࢆ㐣๫✵Ꮝࡢᙳ㡪࡜⤖ㄽ௜ࡅࡓࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋࠊ/6ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣࠊ᫬ຠ᫬㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡾ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰ࡢ&X⃰ᗘࡀᕼⷧ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊィ⟬ࡀ୙Ᏻ
ᐃ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ)H&X㸰ඖ⣔ࡢᯒฟᣲືࡢィ⟬ࡣࠊ⢏⏺࣭㌿఩࣭࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿ➇ྜᯒฟࡢ1ࣔࢹࣝࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ
୍᪉ࠊᐇᕤ⛬࡛ࡣࠊ➼ ಖᣢࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᖖ࡟ຍ⇕ࡸ෭༷ࢆక࠸ࠊㄪ㉁ᅽᘏ࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡞෭༷㏿ᗘࢆไᚚࡋࡓ⤌⧊ㄪᩚࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᖹᡂ㸯㸴ᖺᗘ㸪㸯㸵ᖺᗘࡣࠊ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇᕤ⛬࡛ࡢᯒฟᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ࠊྠࣔࢹࣝࢆ㠀➼ 㐣⛬࡟㐺⏝ࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ㐃⥆෭༷࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟࡢ㥑ືຊࡸᣑᩓಀᩘ࡞࡝ࡀ᫬㛫࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࠋࡉ
ࡽ࡟ࠊ㕲ྜ㔠࡛ࡣJoDኚែ࡟కࡗ࡚ࠊᯒฟ㥑ືຊࡢኚ໬ࡶ㉳ࡇࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ1㸫ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᣑᩓ
ಀᩘ࡜ᅛ⁐ᗘࡢ ᗘኚ໬ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀➼ 㐣⛬ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆྍ⬟
࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
㸳㸬㸰 ィ⟬᪉ἲ
1ࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊ᫬ຠ㐣⛬ࢆᚤᑠ࡞᫬㛫ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡟ศࡅࠊ᰾⏕ᡂ࣭ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘ࡜ẕ┦ࡢṧ␃ࢫ
ϩ$
࣮ࣃ࣮ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆࢫࢸࢵࣉẖ࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋィ⟬ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋィ⟬᫬㛫ࡣ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿ
ࡀࠊ➇ྜᯒฟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ್ࡀࢧ࢖ࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿሙྜࡸࠊኚែ࡞࡝࡟క
࠺ᛴ⃭࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢኚ໬࡟ࡶẚ㍑ⓗࡼࡃᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᮏࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣࠊ୙ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࢧ࢖ࢺ
࡟ඃඛᯒฟࡋࡓ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ⁐㉁ཎᏊᯤῬᖏ㸦VROXWHGHSOHWHG]RQH㸧ࡢᗈࡀࡾࢆࢩ࣑ࣗ
࣮ࣞࢺࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ➇ྜᯒฟࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࣔࢹࣝࡢヲ⣽ࡣ๓❶࡟ጤࡡࡿࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋࠊ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࡣྂ඾ㄽ࣭㠀ྂ඾ㄽࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࡛ࡶィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ㠀ྂ඾ㄽ࡛ࡣ᫬㛫
ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡈ࡜࡟⮫⏺᰾ࡢ⤌ᡂࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜άᛶ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆィ⟬ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ
࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⡆༢ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ྂ඾ㄽࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ෭༷᫬ࡢ₯అ᫬㛫ࡣຍ⟬๎ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋL␒┠ࡢ᫬㛫ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ ᗘ7L࡛ィ⟬ࡋࡓ₯అ᫬㛫ࢆWL࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊQ␒┠ࡢ᫬㛫ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡟฿㐩ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢಖᣢ᫬㛫㸦Q'W㸧
࡜₯అ᫬㛫ࡢẚࡣࠊ
n
't
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i 1
i
't
W1
't
W2
't
n't
Wn
W n eff
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࠊ'Wࡣ᫬㛫ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡢᖜࠊWQHIIWQࡣ ࠿ࡽQ ␒┠ࡢࢱ࢖࣒
ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡛ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᙧᡂࡀ㒊ศⓗ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓQ␒┠ࡢࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉ࡟
࠾ࡅࡿ₯అ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᫬㛫౫Ꮡࢆྵࡵࡓ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘ-ࡣࠊ
J
§ W eff
J s exp¨¨ © t
·
¸¸ ¹
࡜᭩ࡁ⾲ࡉࢀࡿ-Vࡣᐃᖖ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࠋ
௨ୖࡣᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࡢィ⟬᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㌿఩ୖ᰾⏕ᡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊྠᵝ࡟ࡋ࡚➼ ኚែ
⏝ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠿ࡽࡢᨵⰋࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㸳㸬㸱 ᐇ㦂
ヨᩱ㸦)HPDVV&X㸧ࡢ໬Ꮫ⤌ᡂࢆ 7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࠋࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺᇦ࠿ࡽࡢ㐃⥆෭༷ᚋࡢ
ᯒฟ≀ࢆⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᆒ⇕㒊ࡢ኱ࡁ࠸⇕ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝヨ㦂ᶵࢆ⇕ฎ⌮⅔࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸
ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࠊ⇕ᘏᯈࢆ౪ヨᮦ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ⇕ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝヨ㦂ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ⾲㠃ࢆ◊๐ࡋࡓ PP ཌࡢ
⇕ᘏᯈࢆ $U 㞺ᅖẼ୰࡛ ΥPLQ ࡛⁐య໬ฎ⌮ᚋࠊΥVHF ࠾ࡼࡧ ΥVHF ࡛ Υ
ࡲ࡛෭༷ࡋࠊΥ࡟㐩ࡋࡓࡽ᭱኱෭༷࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
⇕ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝヨ㦂ᚋࡢヨᩱࡣࠊࢫࣛ࢖ࢫࡋ࡚ࠊᆒ⇕㒊ࡼࡾⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ㸱ḟඖ
࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ⏝ヨᩱࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࡣⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᯒฟ≀ࢧ࢖ࢬ࣭㛫
㝸ࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㸱ḟඖ࢔ࢺ࣒ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ'$3),0࡟ࡼࡾࠊᚤ⣽࡞ &X ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮
ࡢᯒฟᐦᗘ࣭ᯒฟࢧ࢖ࢬࡢほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
㸳㸬㸲 ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ
ϩ$
㸳㸬㸲㸬㸯 ィ⟬⤖ᯝ
)LJ ࡟ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂࡢሙྜࡢ Υ࠿ࡽࡢ㐃⥆෭༷ࢆ 1 ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
)LJDࡣࠊᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄ R ࡢኚ໬ࢆ ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ෭༷㏿ᗘ / ࡀᑠ
ࡉ࠸᪉ࡀ R ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋΥ௜㏆࠿ࡽ R ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ ᗘࡢపୗ࡜࡜
ࡶ࡟ &X ࡢᣑᩓࡀ㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ)LJE࡟ࡣ⢏Ꮚᩘ 1 ࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ෭
༷㏿ᗘ / ࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡜ - ࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡀࠊ⤒㐣᫬㛫ࡀ㛗࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᅗ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ 1 ࡢᕪࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ
)LJFࡣ ࠾ࡼࡧ q&V ࡛෭༷ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘ - ࡢኚ໬ࢆ ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣉ
ࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ෭༷㏿ᗘ࡛᰾⏕ᡂࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟㉳ࡇࡾጞࡵࡿࡢࡣࠊΥ௜㏆
࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ෭༷㏿ᗘ / ࡀ q&V ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ / ࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡜ࠊ᰾Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ⢏Ꮚࡀᡂ㛗ࡋࠊẕ┦ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼
ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᡂ㛗࡟ࡼࡿ &X ⃰ᗘࡢኚ໬ࡣࢃࡎ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᰾⏕ᡂ㏿ᗘࡣẕ┦ࡢࢫ࣮ࣃ
࣮ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᩄឤ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ- ࡟ᩘಸࡢᕪࢆ⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
)LJG࡟ẕ┦ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ/ q&V ࡛ࡣ &X ࡢᯒฟ㔞ࡣᑠࡉࡃࠊ෭༷ᚋࡶ
኱㒊ศࡢࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀṧࡉࢀࡓࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊ㌿఩ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࡢሙྜࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ )LJD㹼G࡟♧ࡍࠋ㌿఩ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࡢሙྜࡣࠊ
ᣑᩓ㏿ᗘࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ෭༷ึᮇ㸦㧗 㸧࠿ࡽᯒฟࡀጞࡲࡾࠊ⢏ᚄࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ➼
᫬ຠᯒฟࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊᯒฟ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜ
ࢡࢫ୰ࡢ &X ⃰ᗘࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋྠᵝ࡟⢏⏺ୖ࡟ᯒฟࡋࡓ⢏Ꮚࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ
)LJD㹼G࡟♧ࡍࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢィ⟬ࡢᣑᩓಀᩘ࣭㌿఩ᐦᗘ࡞࡝ࡣࠊ➼ ᫬ຠฎ⌮ࡢணṍࡳ࡞ࡋࡢࣉࣟࢢ
࣒ࣛ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⁐య໬ᚋࡢ෭༷࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㐣๫✵Ꮝࡢຠᯝࡣ⪃៖
ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㸳㸬㸲㸬㸰 )H&X ྜ㔠ࡢ㐃⥆෭༷ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡜ࡢẚ㍑
Υ⁐య໬ᚋ࡟෭༷㏿ᗘ/ ΥVHF࡜ ΥVHF࡛㐃⥆෭༷ࡋࡓヨᩱࢆࠊ'$3),0࡛
ほᐹࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ௦⾲౛ࢆ)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ/ ΥVHFࡢሙྜࡣᯒฟ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵQ ࡢ
ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓ&Xࡢ࣐ࢵࣉ࠿ࡽ⢏Ꮚᚄ࠾ࡼࡧ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚
7DEOH ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
)LJ ࡟ྠヨᩱࡢⷧ⭷ 7(0 ほᐹ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ7(0 ࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡿᯒฟ≀ࡣࠊ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ㐜࠸
ΥVHF ࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟ≀ࡀࣟࢵࢻ≧࡟⢒኱໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㧗ಸ⋡ࡢ෗┿ࢆ⏬ീゎᯒࡋ
࡚ࠊ෇┦ᙜᚄ࡛⢏ᚄศᕸࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࡀࠊ'$3),0 ࡢほᐹ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࡶ⢏Ꮚ
ᚄࡣ኱ࡁࡃࠊ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡣ ᱆⛬ᗘᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ7(0 ࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡿᯒฟ≀ࡣ࡯
࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ㌿఩ୖ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ϩ$
௨ୖࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ෭༷㏿ᗘ/ ΥVHF࡜ ΥVHF࡛ Υ࠿ࡽ
㐃⥆෭༷ࡋࡓሙྜࡢࠊ1ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡾィ⟬ࡋࡓ෭༷ᚋ7 Υࡢ⢏Ꮚᩘ࡜⢏Ꮚᚄࡢศᕸࢆ
)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊィ⟬࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⢏Ꮚᚄศᕸ࡟ࡣ㸱ࡘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊ⢏ᚄࡢ
ᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰㸪㌿఩ୖ㸪⢏⏺࡟ᯒฟࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋᅗ࡟ࡣࠊ
'$3),07(0ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡿᐇ㦂್ࢆ‫'ࠊࡎࡲࠊࡀࡿ࠶࡚ࡋ♧࡛ڸڹۑ‬$3),0࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡿ&Xࢡ
ࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡣࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ୰࡟᰾⏕ᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ)LJ ࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍ
ࡿ࡜ࠊィ⟬⤖ᯝࡣ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡀ 㹼ಶP࡜࡞ࡾࠊᐇ㦂್࡜࠾ࡼࡑ୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ7(0ࡢ
ほᐹ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ ␒┠࠾ࡼࡧ ␒┠ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ㌿఩ୖ᰾⏕ᡂ㸪⢏⏺ୖ᰾⏕ᡂ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿศᕸ࡜
ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊィ⟬࡛ࡶᖹᆒ⢏Ꮚᚄࡀ 㹼QP࡛⢏Ꮚᐦᗘࡶ 㹼ಶP࡜࡞ࡾࠊᴫࡡ୍⮴
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ1ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ㐃⥆෭༷㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᡭἲࡀ☜❧ࡋࠊ
ᐇ㦂್࡜ࡶࡼ࠸୍⮴ࢆᚓࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏィ⟬ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᯒฟᩘ࠾ࡼࡧᯒฟ⢏Ꮚᚄࡢ෭༷㏿ᗘ
౫Ꮡᛶࢆ᥎ ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ)LJ࡟♧ࡍࠋ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⢏Ꮚᩘࡣቑຍࡍ
ࡿࡀࠊ/aΥVHF௜㏆࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ㐣ࡂࡿ࡜ࠊῶᑡࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᡂ㛗࡟ࡼࡾẕ┦
ࡢ ࢫ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࢧ ࢳ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡀ ῶ ᑡ ࡋ ࡚ - ࡀ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ῶ ᑡ ࡋ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ࡛࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ࠊ
)HPDVV&Xྜ㔠࡛ࡣࠊΥVHF࡛෭༷ࡍࡿࡢࡀ᭱ࡶ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀከࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ◳ᗘୖ᪼ࡀᚓࡽ
ࢀࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ⢏Ꮚᚄࡣ/ࡢῶᑡ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟༢ㄪ࡟ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ
)LJEࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ PDVV&X ྜ㔠ࡢᯒฟᣲືࡢ &&7 ࡜ 777 ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ
)LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋᅗࡼࡾࠊΥ௨ୗࡢప ࡛ࡣ 777 ࡼࡾࡶ &&7 ࡢ᪉ࡀ▷᫬㛫࡛ᯒฟ㛤ጞࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᐇᕤ⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ&X ࡢᯒฟࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚㐃⥆
෭༷㐣⛬ࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௒ᚋࡢᐇヨᩱ࡬ࡢᒎ㛤ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
㸳㸬㸳 ⤖ゝ
1ࣔࢹࣝࢆ㐃⥆෭༷࡟㐺⏝ࡋࠊ෭༷୰ࡢ &X ᯒฟᣲືࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺࡋࠊ෭༷ᚋࡢᖹᆒ⢏
Ꮚᚄࠊ⢏Ꮚᩘࠊ࠾ࡼࡧẕ┦ࡢṧ␃ &X ⃰ᗘࢆண ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊPDVV&X ྜ㔠
ࡢ㐃⥆෭༷㐣⛬ࡢᯒฟ≀࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ෭༷㏿ᗘࡀ ΥVHF ࠾ࡼࡧ ΥVHF ࡢ
ᆒ୍᰾⏕ᡂ࠾ࡼࡧ㌿఩ୖ᰾⏕ᡂࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓィ⟬࠾ࡼࡧᐇ㦂್ࡀࠊࡼ࠸୍⮴ࢆᚓࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼ
ࡾ┠ⓗ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ᭱㐺ࡢ෭༷᮲௳ࡢ᥈⣴ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡲࡾὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ᫬
ຠᚋࡢ෭༷୰ࡢᯒฟ࡞࡝ࡶண ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ϩ$
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
-6/DQJHUDQG$-6FKZDUW]3K\V5HY$YROS
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$FWD6FULSWD0HWDOOXUJLFD&RQI*HUPDQ\S3HUJDPRQ3UHVV
ࠕᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖࠊᖹᡂ㸯㸱ᖺᗘࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᡂᯝሗ
࿌᭩ࠊ᪂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓࠊ㈈㔠ᒓᮦᩱ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ࠕᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖࠊᖹᡂ㸯㸲ᖺᗘࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᡂᯝሗ
࿌᭩ࠊ᪂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓࠊ㈈㔠ᒓᮦᩱ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ᒣୗᏕᏊ㸪బ㔝┤ᖾ㸪ᙇ ᘱ㸪ᴮᮏṇே㸪ⓑ஭Ὀ἞㸸᪥ᮏ㔠ᒓᏛ఍ㄅ㸪
-%<DQJDQG0(QRPRWR,6,-,QWHU
ࠕᐇ⏝㔠ᒓᮦᩱศ㔝ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࠖࠊᖹᡂ㸯㸳ᖺᗘࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᡂᯝሗ
࿌᭩ࠊ᪂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⥲ྜ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓࠊ㈈㔠ᒓᮦᩱ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮
7DEOH &KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIVSHFLPHQV㸦PDVV㸧
&X
&
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0Q
3
6
1
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%DO
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Cooling rate
Num. cluster
volume / m3
Nv / m-3
size / nm
0.02 K/s
2
8.82E-24
2.3E+23
0.9
0.02 K/s
1
2.58E-23
3.9E+22
0.9
0.02 K/s
2
1.63E-23
1.2E+22
0.9 and 6.0
0.1 K/s
9
1.25E-23
7.2E+23
0.9 to 1.5
ϩ$
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b) Particle density
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c) Nucleation rate
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sis
11 nm
64 nm
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Direction of analysis
12 nm
12nm
53 nm
b) cooling rate = 0.02䉝/sec
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㸴㸬㸯 ⥴ゝ
⮬ື㌴㌴య⏝ࡢ㧗ᙇຊ㗰ᯈࡸཎᏊ⅔ࡢᅽຊᐜჾᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚&Xῧຍ㗰ࡀ㛵ᚰࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
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࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
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EFF&Xࡢ᱁Ꮚᐃᩘࡣ QP࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ್ࢆࡶࡕ࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊẕ┦ࡢ)HཎᏊ࡜ࡢ
࣑ࢫࣇ࢕ࢵࢺࡣa ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ
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2
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³ ['f N (’c)
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c 0 ࡣẕ┦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ&Xࡢࣔࣝศ⋡ࠊ N ࡣ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ)H&Xྜ㔠࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿึᮇࡢᯒฟ≀ࡣ⌫ᙧࢆᡂࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᩚྜࡦࡎࡳࢆ➼᪉ᙎᛶṍ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࡍ࡜ࠊ
f
o
o
(1 c) f Fe c f Cu R T {c ln c (1 c) ln(1 c)}
L c (1 c) K 2
E
(c c 0 ) 2
1 Q
(3)
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2N
w 2 c 4N wc
r wr
wr2
w'f
wc
(4)
ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ಀᩘ N ࡣ⃰ᗘ࡟౫Ꮡࡏࡎࠊḟࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࠊ⮫⏺᰾ࢆồ
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wc
wr
c
0
at r
c0
0
and r
at r
f
f
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ࡲࡓࠊ᰾ࡢᡂ㛗ࡣḟࡢᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
wc
wt
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wr
r wr wc
¿ wr
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M (c )
M Cu (1 c) M Fe c c(1 c)
(7 ) ࡜⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ M Fe , M Cu ࡣȘ)Hࠊ&Xࡢ⮬ᕫᣑᩓಀᩘ DFe , DCu ࡜ D X
M X RT ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠋ
F ࡣᣑᩓ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆ⾲ࡋࠊ
F
wf
2N’ 2 c
wc
(8)
࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮫⏺᰾࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢜࢖࣮ࣛࡢᘧࡣ F
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࣓ࢵࢩࣗࢧ࢖ࢬࡣ QP ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
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SKDVHILHOGࢆ⾲ࡍ⛛ᗎኚᩘ࡛ࠊL࡜Mࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⛛ᗎኚᩘࡢ␒ྕ㸦ᡂศ࠾ࡼࡧ┦ࡢ✀
㢮࡟ᑐᛂ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ0F࡜/Vࡣࠊྛࠎࡢ⛛ᗎኚᩘࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᫆ືᗘ࡛ࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟
⛛ᗎኚᩘ࡜ ᗘࡢ㛵ᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࡀᮏィ⟬࡛ࡣᐃᩘ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᘧ࡜࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ*V\Vࡣ┦
ኚែ⤌⧊඲యࡢ඲⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ㸫࡛ࠊ໬Ꮫⓗ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ㸫*F໙㓄࢚ࢿࣝࢠ㸫(VXUIࠊ
࠾ࡼࡧᙎᛶṍ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ㸫(VWUࡢ⥲࿴࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
Gsys
³ ª¬G (c , s ) E
r
c
i
j
surf
(ci , s j ) Estr (ci , s j ) º¼ dr ϩ$
࡟࡚୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟ࡇࡢ໬Ꮫⓗ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㛵ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᖹ⾮≧ែᅗࡢ*LEEV
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⇕ຊᏛⓗࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᮏィ⟬ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢᙜ
ヱྜ㔠⣔ࡢィ⟬≧ែᅗ࡜┤᥋ᑐᛂࡋࡓゎᯒ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᘧ࡜ࡢᩘ್ゎᯒ࡟ࡣᕪ
ศἲ㝧ゎἲࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
㸰㸬ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ
)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ✀ࡢ┦ኚែ࣭⤌⧊ᙧᡂ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 3KDVHILHOG ࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ
)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠ࡢ&X┦ࡢᯒฟ㐣⛬ࡣᐇ㦂஦ᐇ࠿ࡽ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
>㐣㣬࿴ᅛ⁐యEFF@Ѝ>&XEFFᯒฟ@Ѝ>&XEFFࡢ IFF ࡬ࡢኚែ@Ѝ>&XIFFࡢᙧ≧ኚ
໬@
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ඲࡚ 3KDVHILHOG ἲࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟࡚ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡋࡓࠋ
&XEFFࡢᯒฟ㸸)LJ ࡣ )HDW&X ྜ㔠. ➼ ᫬ຠ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊEFF ┦࡛ࡢࢫࣆࣀ
࣮ࢲࣝศゎ㐣⛬ࡢ㸰ḟඖࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡿࠋ⤌⧊ᙧᡂࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿ⊂❧ኚᩘࡣ⃰ᗘ
ሙ&X ⃰ᗘࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ୰ࡢ D㹼Iࡣ↓ḟඖ໬ࡉࢀࡓ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡛ࠊึᮇ≧ែࡣ㐣㣬
࿴ᅛ⁐య࡛࠶ࡾࠊ஘ᩘ࡟࡚s⛬ᗘࡢ⃰ᗘᦂࡽࡂࡀᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ୰ࡢ㯮࠸⢏Ꮚࡀ
&XEFF⢏Ꮚ࡛ࠊᆅࡢ㟷Ⰽࡢ㒊ศࡀ )HEFF࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋึᮇ࡟ࢫࣆࣀ࣮ࢲࣝ
ศゎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⤌⧊඲య࡟ᆒ୍࡞⃰ᗘᦂࡽࡂࡀ㐍ᒎࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ࢜ࢫࢺ࣡ࣝࢻᡂ㛗࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡀィ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
&XEFF ࡢ IFF ࡬ ࡢ ኚ ែ 㸸 )LJ ࡣ )LJ ࡢ ィ ⟬ ࡟ EFF Ѝ IFF ࡢ ⤖ ᬗ ኚ ែ ࢆ グ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ
SKDVHILHOGኚᩘࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡚ࠊEFF┦࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫࣆࣀ࣮ࢲࣝศゎ࠾ࡼࡧ&XEFF┦ࡢIFF
࡬ࡢ⤖ᬗኚែࢆྠ᫬࡟ィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ)LJࡢィ⟬ࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋィ⟬᮲
௳ࡣ)LJࡢሙྜ࡜ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋึᮇࡢ⤌⧊ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡣ)LJࡢሙྜ࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
ᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡢᡂ㛗㐣⛬࡟ධࡿ࡜ࠊ㯮࠸&X⢏Ꮚࡀ⤖ᬗኚែࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࠊIFF┦㸦ᅗࡢ㉥࠸㒊ศ㸧
࡬࡜ࠊẚ㍑ⓗࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ㡰ḟኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
&XIFF┦ࡢᙧ≧ኚ໬㸸)LJࡣࠊ&Xᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࡀ඲࡚IFF┦࡟ኚែࡋࡓ௬ᐃࡢୗ࡟ࠊࡼࡾ
ᗈ࠸㡿ᇦ㸦)LJࡢ㸲ಸࡢィ⟬㡿ᇦ㸧࡛ࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢ⢒኱໬㐣⛬ࢆ㸰ḟඖィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࡇࡢィ⟬࡛ࡣࠊ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ᪉఩౫Ꮡᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࢆసᡂࡋ
ࡓࠋ)LJࡣࠊỈᖹ᪉ྥ࠿ࡽrࡢ᪉ྥࡢ⏺㠃࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ᭱ࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿ᮲௳࡛ࡢィ⟬
⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᯒฟ┦ࡢᙧ≧ࡣࡇࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ᑐࡋᆶ┤᪉ྥ࡟ఙࡧࡓ⤌⧊࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
⢏Ꮚࡢᡂ㛗࡟క࠸ࠊ⢏Ꮚᙧ≧ࡀᲬ≧࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀィ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸯ಶࡢ &XEFFᚤ⢏Ꮚෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡢ EFF ࠿ࡽ IFF ࡬ࡢ⤖ᬗኚែ㸸&XEFF┦ࡢ IFF ࡬ࡢ
ኚែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ)LJ ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ 3KDVHILHOG ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࣔࢹࣝ໬࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ᬗ
ኚែࡢᒁᡤ㒊ศࡀ࡞ࡵࡽ࠿࡟㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋከᩘࡢᯒฟ⢏Ꮚࢆྵࡴ⤌⧊ࡢ┦ኚ
ែࡢ⥲ྜⓗࣔࢹࣝ໬࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣၥ㢟࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᒁᡤⓗ࡟ EFF
┦ࡀ IFF ┦࡟⤖ᬗኚែࡋ࡚ࠊ཮ᬗࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ⤌⧊ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ᝟ሗࡀᚲせ࡞ሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊࡑ
ϩ$
ࡢ㒊ศࢆู࡟ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ3KDVHILHOG ἲ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ┦ኚែ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚែࡢ 3KDVHILHOG ࣔࢹࣝࢆ᥼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
)LJ ࡣࠊ㸯ಶࡢ&XEFFᚤ⢏Ꮚෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊEFF࠿ࡽIFF࡬ࡢ⤖ᬗኚែࢆィ⟬ࡋࡓ㸰
ḟඖࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊᅗDࡢ㯮࠸㒊ศࡀ&XEFFᚤ⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᫬㛫ࡢ㐍⾜࡟
క࠸ࠊࡇࡢ㯮࠸⢏Ꮚࡢ⾲㠃࠿ࡽ㉥࠾ࡼࡧ⥳࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓIFF┦ࡀࠊ⤖ᬗኚែ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ᡂ࣭
ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡀィ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㉥࠾ࡼࡧ⥳࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡣ஫࠸࡟཮ᬗ
ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ≉࡟ᅗFG࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୧⪅ࡀ஫࠸࡟ᐤࡾῧ࠸ᛂຊࢆ⦆࿴ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᵕ≧
࡟ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᅗI࡟࠾࠸࡚⢏Ꮚෆࡣ࡯ࡰIFF┦ࡢࡳ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ
ࡑࡢᚋࡣࠊ཮ᬗࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ㛫ࡢᡂ㛗࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᅗKࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࣛࣛ≧ࡢ཮ᬗ⤌⧊࡬࡜ኚ
໬ࡍࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢ⤌⧊ᙧᡂࡣࠊ᭱㏆ࡢ㧗ศゎ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡿ&X⢏Ꮚࡢ⤖ᬗኚែࡢほᐹ࡜
ࡶ࡯ࡰᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏィ⟬⤖ᯝࡣࠊᚤ⢏Ꮚ⣔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤖ᬗኚែ㸦࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ
ኚែ㸧ࡢ3KDVHILHOGἲ࡟ࡼࡿࣔࢹࣝ໬౛࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㠀ᖖࡢᑠࡉ࡞㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦ኚែࢆ
ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ゎᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭷⏝࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
&X⢏Ꮚࡢ㌿఩ୖᯒฟ㸸)LJ ࡣ&XEFF⢏Ꮚࡢ㌿఩ୖᯒฟ㐣⛬ࡢ3KDVHILHOGࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞ
ࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊ㯮࠸㒊ศࡀ&X┦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌿఩ࡢ᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᅗࡢ୰ኸ࡟ཎᏊ㠃ࡀ㸯ᯛ
వศ࡟ࡣࡉࡳࡇࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ล≧㌿఩ࡀ⣬㠃࡟ᆶ┤࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆ᝿ᐃ
ࡋࡓࠋ┦ศゎࡢึᮇ࡟ࠊล≧㌿఩ࡢእഃ࡟&Xࡣ⃰⦰ࡋጞࡵࠊ㏫࡟ล≧㌿఩ഃH[WUDKDOI
SODQHഃࡢ&XࡀᯤῬࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ᫬ຠࡢ㐍⾜࡟క࠸&X┦ࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ&XࡢཎᏊࢧ
࢖ࢬࡀẕ┦ࡢ)HࡢཎᏊࢧ࢖ࢬࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ௨ୖࡢᣲືࡣࠊล≧㌿఩ࡢᛂຊሙࢆ⦆
࿴ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟&Xࡀ㌿఩ࡢෆഃ࠿ࡽእഃ࡟ᣑᩓࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡜⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㌿఩ࡢᛂຊ
ሙࡀ&Xᯒฟࡢ㥑ືຊࢆࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ&Xࡢẕ┦࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆒ୍ᯒฟ
࡟ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊ㌿఩ୖ࡬ࡢᯒฟࡣࡼࡾึᮇ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿࠋ
)LJ ࡣࠊ)LJ ࡢィ⟬ࢆ⡆␎໬ࡋࡓሙྜ࡛ࠊ)LJ ࡛ࡣ⣬㠃ෆ࡟㌿఩⥺ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ
≧ែࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࠊᅗD୰ኸ࡟㸰ᮏࡢ㌿఩⥺ࢆᘼ≧࡟㓄⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㌿఩⥺ࡣ㛢࣮ࣝࣉ࡜
࡞ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏィ⟬ࡣ㸰ḟඖィ⟬࡛ࠊ㏵ษࢀࡓඛࡣィ⟬㠃࠿ࡽእࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⌮ゎ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸㸧
ࠋ㯮࠸⢏Ꮚࡣ &XEFF࡛ࠊ㉥࠸⢏Ꮚࡀ &XIFF࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ᫬
ຠึᮇ࡟㌿఩ୖ࡟ EFF ᵓ㐀࡛ &X ࡣᯒฟࡋጞࡵࠊ᫬ຠࡢ㐍⾜࡟క࠸ࠊ&XEFFࡣ &XIFF
࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᅗHࡢୗ㒊࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡣࠊ㌿఩ୖ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ
⢏ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆒ୍ᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡋࡓ &X ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌿఩ୖࡢ୙ᆒ୍ᯒฟ࡟ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᆒ
୍ᯒฟࡀ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡀࠊ3KDVHILHOG ἲࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ)H&X㸰ඖྜ㔠ࡢ⤌⧊ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࡢᐃ㔞ⓗ
ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࢆヨࡳࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
)H&X1L)H&X0Q࠾ࡼࡧ )H&X0Q1L0Q ྜ㔠ࡢ➼ ᫬ຠ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤌⧊ᙧᡂ
EFF┦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦ศゎ㐣⛬㸸)LJࡣ)HDW&XDW1Lྜ㔠ࡢ.➼ ᫬ຠ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
㸰ḟඖ┦ศゎィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊୖẁࡀ&X⃰ᗘ㯮&Xⓑ&Xࠊୗẁࡀ1L⃰ᗘ㯮1L
ⓑ1Lࢆ᫂ᬯ࡟࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ୰ࡢD㹼Gࡢᩘ್ࡣ↓ḟඖ໬ࡋࡓ᫬ຠ᫬㛫࡛
ϩ$
࠶ࡿࠋึᮇ࡟ᚤ⣽࡞&XULFK┦ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊ1Lࡣጞࡵ&XULFK┦࡟ศ㓄ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ᫬ຠࡢ
㐍⾜࡟క࠸1Lࡣ&Xᯒฟ┦ẕ┦㛫ࡢ⏺㠃࡟⃰໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
)LJࡣ)HDW&XDW0Qྜ㔠ࡢ.➼ ᫬ຠ࡟࠾ࡅࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊᅗࡢぢ᪉ࡣ
)LJࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୗẁࡢ0Q⃰ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㯮ࡀ0Q࠾ࡼࡧⓑࡀ0Q࡟ᑐᛂ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ඲యⓗ࡞┦ศゎࡢ➽㐨ࡣ)H&X1Lࡢሙྜ࡜➼ࡋ࠸ࡀࠊ0Qࡢ⏺㠃࡬ࡢ೫ᯒഴྥ
ࡣ1Lࡢሙྜ࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃࡣ↓࠸ࠋ
)LJࡣ.᫬ຠ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ)HDW&XDW0QDW1L㸲ඖྜ㔠ࡢ⤌⧊ᙧᡂ࡛ࠊୖẁࡀ
&X⃰ᗘ㯮&Xⓑ&Xࠊ୰ẁࡀ1L⃰ᗘ㯮1Lⓑ1Lࠊ࠾ࡼࡧୗẁࡀ0Q⃰
ᗘ㯮0Qⓑ0Qࢆ᫂ᬯ࡟࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡕࡻ࠺࡝)LJ࡜)LJࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ
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EFF ᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐇ㦂஦ᐇ࡟ྜࢃࡏࠊᮏ㡯ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊEFF ᵓ㐀࡟⤫
୍ࡋࡓࠋ
&X ᯒฟ≀ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡢቑ኱࡜ඹ࡟ࣆࢽࣥࢢຊࡶቑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ᪤
࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࢭࣝࢧ࢖ࢬᕪ࡟ࡼࡿቃ⏺᮲௳ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࢭࣝ
ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ␗࡞ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ)LJ ࡟ࠊ᪉ྥࡢࢭࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࠊ༶ࡕ
&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫㝸ࡀ␗࡞ࡿሙྜࡢࠊ㌿఩ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡿ┤๓ࡢᵝᏊࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚♧ࡍࠋ&X
⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㌿఩ࡀ᭤ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⠊ᅖࡀࠊ&X ⢏Ꮚ㛫㝸࡟࠶ࡲࡾ౫Ꮡࡏࡎࠊ┤⥺ࢆಖ
࡜࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ)LJ ࡟ࠊ᪉ྥࡢࢭࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࠊ༶ࡕ㌿఩㛫㝸ࡀ␗࡞
ࡿሙྜࡢࠊ㌿఩ࡀ &X ⢏Ꮚ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡿ┤๓ࡢᵝᏊࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚♧ࡍࠋ&X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㌿఩
ࡀ᭤ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⠊ᅖࡣࠊ㌿఩㛫㝸ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝኱ࡁ࠸ഴྥࡀᑡࡋぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࡣ
⢏Ꮚ࡞࡝࡟ࣆࢽࣥࢢࡉࢀࡓ㌿఩ࡣࠊࣆࢽࣥࢢ⢏Ꮚ㛫࡛ᘼࢆᥥࡃࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ
⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊ┤⥺≧࡟࡞ࡿഴྥࡀᙉ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㌿఩㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢᙳ㡪࡜ࠊኚᙧ㏿ᗘ
ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡚ࠊ㌿఩ࡢᙇຊ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ㐠ືࡀࡑࢀ࡟㏣㝶ࡋࡁࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿࠋࡼࡾᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࢭࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࢆࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃࡋ࡚ࠊ
㌿఩㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊᛂຊ୍ᐃࡢ‽㟼ⓗࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⤌ྜࢃ
ࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
&X ᯒฟࡢึᮇẁ㝵ࡢᑠࡉ࠸ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᯒฟ≀࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⤌ᡂࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ &X
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ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋィ⟬᮲௳࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ㌿఩ࡀᯒฟ≀࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡿ┤๓ࡢࢫࢼ
ࢵࣉࢩࣙࢵࢺࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋᅗ࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ[ӌ ࡢ⤌ᡂ࡛ࡣࣆࢽࣥࢢࡢຠ
ᯝࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎࠊ[ ࡢ⤌ᡂ࡛ [ ࡼࡾࡶᙅ࠸ࣆࢽࣥࢢࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ&X
⃰ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ࣆࢽࣥࢢຊࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ[ӌ ࡛ࡑࡢຠᯝࡀ⌧ࢀ
࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡢኚᙧ᮲௳ࡀ㏿ࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊኚᙧࢆࣃࣝࢫⓗ࡟
୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
EFF&X ᯒฟ≀࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬ࡣୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ2URZDQ ᶵᵓ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᙅ࠸ࣆࢽࣥ
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㌿఩ࡀᯒฟ≀ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ๓ᚋ࡛ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᕪ␗࡛ホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ㌿఩ࡀᯒฟ≀ෆ
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ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㌿఩ࡀᯒฟ≀ෆࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ๓ᚋ࡟ࡶ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣏ࢸࣥࢩ࢚ࣕࣝࢿࣝ
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ࣛࢭࣥ㌿఩ࡢሙྜࠊล≧㌿఩࡜␗࡞ࡾ⁥ࡾ㠃ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ EFF ⤖ᬗࡢࣛࢭࣥ
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ࡾࠊศᏊືຊᏛἲ࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲౛ࡣከࡃ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ᨵⰋࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ
ࣛࢭࣥ㌿఩ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ౛ࢆ )LJ ࡟♧ࡍࠋィ⟬᮲௳ࡣ )LJD
࡟♧ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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⨨ࡢ஘ࢀࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᕥഃ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿఩ࡀ⣬㠃࡟ᆶ┤࡛ࠊྑഃ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿
఩ࡀ⣬㠃ෆࢆୖୗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୍㒊ࡔࡅࡀ࢚ࢿࣝࢠࡢ㧗࠸≧ែ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ0DULDQ ࡽࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࣛࢭࣥ㌿఩ࡀ୍ᵝ࡟⛣ືࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃࠊ୍㒊ࡢࡳࡀ⛣ືࡍࡿࣛࣇࢽࣥࢢ࡞࡝ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋEFF ⤖ᬗ࡛ࡢࣛࢭ
ࣥ㌿఩ࡢ㐠ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᮍゎ᫂ࡢ㒊ศࡶከࡃࠊከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ
ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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⌧㇟ࡢண ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࡶࡢ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ➨୍ཎ⌮ィ⟬
࠿ࡽࠊࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻࣔࢹࣝࡲ࡛ࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࠊಶࠎࡢ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤌ᡂࠊ⃰ᗘศᕸࠊ
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࡞୍⮴ࢆᚓࡓࠋ
ᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇᕤ⛬࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ
@᰾⏕ᡂࠊᡂ㛗ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ⢒኱໬࡜࠸ࡗࡓᯒฟࡢ඲㐣⛬ࢆ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡇ࡜
@ྜ㔠ඖ⣲ࡢຠᯝࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊከᡂศ⣔࡛ࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜
@⢏⏺ࠊ㌿఩ࠊ࣐ࢺࣜࢡࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➇ྜᯒฟࡀࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜
@➼ ᫬ຠࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㐃⥆෭༷࡞࡝ࡢ㠀➼ 㐣⛬ࡶࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜
@⢏Ꮚᚄศᕸࡀࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜
࡞࡝ࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ@࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㦂࡜ࡢẚ㍑᳨ウࡀ୙༑ศ࡞Ⅼࡶ࠶
ϩ$
ࡿࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢᡂᯝ࡟ࡼࡾࠊୖグࡢ᮲௳ࡣ࡯ࡰ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓ࡜ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊᯒฟࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ௚࡟ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡜㌿఩ࡢ┦஫
స⏝ࡢᇶᮏⓗ≉ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ┠ⓗࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
&DKQ+LOOLDUG ࡢ㠀⥺ᆺᣑᩓ᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ࡼࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢ⤌ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࠊ
1ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ &X ⢏Ꮚࡢᩘᐦᗘࡸࢧ࢖ࢬศᕸࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࢆᇶ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ಶࠎࡢ⢏Ꮚ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡸࢧ࢖ࢬศᕸࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓኚᙧ≉ᛶࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀྍ⬟
࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ϩ$
㸴㸬ᐇ⏝໬ࠊ஦ᴗ໬ࡢぢ㏻ࡋ
㸴㸬㸯 ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ
ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ๓㌟࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸦㹆㸷㹼㹆㸯㸱㸧
࡛ࡣࠊ㉸ᚤ⣽⤖ᬗ⢏࡟ࡼࡿᙉᗘࠊ㠌ᛶ࡟ඃࢀࡓ㗰ᮦࢆ㏣ồࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᡂᯝࢆඖ࡟ࠊࡦ࡜
ࡘࡣࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣓ࢱࣝࡢᇶ┙◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᐇ⏝໬࡟㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ〇㐀ᇶ┙せ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⎔ቃㄪ࿴ᆺᚤ⣽⢏㗰๰〇ᇶ┙ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ㸦㹆㸯㸲㹼㹆㸯㸶㸧࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫ㛤Ⓨ
ࡢ᪉ྥࢆ࡜ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᮦᩱᇶ♏◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚㧗ᙉᗘ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊᘏᛶ࡟ࡶඃࢀࡓ㗰ᯈࡢᇶ┙
◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸦㹆㸯㸱㹼㹆㸯㸵㸧ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟㧗ᙉᗘ࡟ຍ࠼
ᘏᛶࢆ௜ຍࡉࡏࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㹁㹳ࡢࢼࣀᯒฟ࡟ࡼࡿྍ⬟ᛶ㏣ồࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᇶ
┙◊✲ࡀࢼࣀ࣓ࢱࣝࣉࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ᭱኱ࡢ࿨㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᡂᯝ࡛ࡢ࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰࡟࠾࠸࡚㹁㹳ࡢࢼࣀࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᚤ⣽ᯒฟࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᙉᗘᘏᛶࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᚑ᮶ᮦࡢ ಸࡢ್ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ≉ᛶᨵၿࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓࠋᮏࣉ
ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ≺࠺࡭ࡃᑗ᮶ീ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊቑ኱ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ㹁㹳ࢆྵࢇࡔࢫࢡࣛࢵࣉࡢ᭷ຠ
฼⏝ࢆᛕ㢌࡟࠾ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬ື㌴⏝ᵓ㐀ᮦᩱ㸦㊊ᅇࡾ㒊ရࠊ⾪✺ಖᏳ㒊ရ࡞࡝㸧ࡸࠊᘓ
ᮦ࣭ᶵᲔᵓ㐀⏝ᮦᩱ࡞࡝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚑ᮶௨ୖ࡟㧗ᙉᗘ࣭㧗ຍᕤᛶ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⪏ஂᛶ࣭⪏◚
ቯಙ㢗ᛶࡀせồࡉࢀࡿ㧗ᙉᗘ㒊ᮦ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ
࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊ⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗ⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᆅ⌫ ᬮ໬㜵ṆࡢほⅬࡼࡾࠊ኱ᖜ࡞㌴య㍍㔞໬ࢽ
࣮ࢬࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㧗ᙉᗘ㕲㗰ᮦᩱࡣࠊࡑࡢ౪⤥⬟ຊࠊ⣲ᮦࢥࢫࢺ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝᛶࡢほ
Ⅼ࠿ࡽࠊୖグ♫఍ࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓୖグᡂᯝࡣ⮬ື㌴ྥࡅ⏝㏵࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ྜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ&X ῧຍ㉸㧗ᙉᗘ㗰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⮬ື㌴ྥࡅ⏝㏵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ⏝໬ྍ
⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᐇᡂᙧᛶ࠾ࡼࡧ⁐᥋ᛶ➼ࡢ㐺⏝≉ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᡂᙧᛶࠊ㧗㏿ኚᙧ≉ᛶࠊࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⁐᥋ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊⰋዲ࡞⤖ᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ
ᐇ⏝໬ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬ࡢほⅬ࡛ࡣࠊ⌧≧≉ᛶ࡛ࡣࡸࡸ୙༑
ศ࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ᐇ⏝໬࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡣࠊୖグㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬ࡀ
᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣓ࢱࣝࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠾ࡼࡧ⎔ቃㄪ࿴ᆺ
ᚤ⣽⢏㗰๰〇ᇶ┙ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬ᢏ⾡ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᐇ⏝໬
ࡢ┠ฎࡣ௜࠸ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ஦ᴗ໬࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡣ⣲ᮦ࣓࣮࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛤Ⓨᮦࡢ㔞
⏘໬ᢏ⾡ࡢ☜❧࡜㟂せᐙ࡛ࡢ㐺⏝ᛶホ౯࡜ྜពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸴㸬㸰 ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬
ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮͌ ࢼࣀᯒฟࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ&X ῧຍ㔞࠾
ࡼࡧ ᗘ࣭⇕ᒚṔࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛㹁㹳ᯒฟ≀ࡢᐦᗘࡸࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬ࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ
࡛ࡁࠊ&X ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ᯒฟ≀ࡢᯒฟ㛤ጞ᫬㛫ࢆண ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㌿఩ࡸ⢏⏺
࡞࡝ࡢඃඛᯒฟࢧ࢖ࢺࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ஦๓࡟ㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᮦᩱࡢ◳ᗘ
ୖ᪼࡟ᚲせ࡞᫬ຠ ᗘࡸ᫬㛫ࠊ୚࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁணṍࡳࡢ㔞࡞࡝ࠊᐇ⏝ⓗ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿᮦᩱ≉
ᛶ๰〇ࡢࡓࡵࡢᚲ㡲᮲௳ࡢ஦๓ண ࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ϩ$
⢏⏺ᵓ㐀ไᚚࡢᅽᘏࠊ෌⤖ᬗࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ゎᯒᡭἲ࡜ᐇ⏝
ᮦᩱ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢάືࡣࡑࢀࢆᇙࡵࡿ᪂つ࡞ヨ
ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㉸ᚤ⣽⢏ࡢኚᙧᶵᵓࡢゎᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ㉸ረᛶࡢฟ⌧࡞࡝ࡢ⌮
ゎࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ࢔ࣔࣝࣇ࢓ࢫ㸭ࢼࣀ⤖ᬗ」┦ᮦᩱࡢ㧗ᙉᗘ໬ࠊ㧗ᶵ⬟໬ࡢᣦ
㔪ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
㸴㸯࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᮦᩱ≀ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿᙉᗘ࣭ᘏᛶྥୖ࡟≉໬ࡋࡘ
ࡘࡶࠊࡑࡢᡭἲࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤒㦂๎࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
⌮ㄽⓗ࡞⿬࡙ࡅ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࢼࣀᯒฟࡢຠᯝࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᐇ⏝໬ࡢ㝿ࠊᛂ
⏝⠊ᅖ࣭⏝㏵ࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊィ⟬⛉Ꮫࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓ㔠ᒓᮦᩱタィᢏ⾡ࡢᇶ┙ࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㧗࠸≉
ᛶ࣭ᶵ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ᪂つ࡞㔠ᒓᮦᩱࡢタィࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫタィ࡬ࡢᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞㐺⏝࡟⧅ࡀࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ
౛࠼ࡤࠊᑗ᮶ࢫࢡࣛࢵࣉቑ࡟ࡼࡿ㹁㹳ྵ᭷㔞ቑ኱ࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ㏫ᡭ࡟ྲྀࡗ
ࡓ㗰ᯈࠊྜ㔠タィ➼࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ᒎ㛤ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸵㸬௒ᚋࡢᒎ㛤
㸵㸬㸯 ࢼࣀ㡿ᇦ㔠ᒓᮦᩱ⤌⧊ไᚚᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ
㸦࢔㸧ࢼࣀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࢼࣀᯒฟไᚚᢏ⾡
ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㌾㉁ &X ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡿᯒฟᙉ໬ᶵᵓࡢ⣒ཱྀࢆᥗࢇࡔࡀࠊࡲࡔ඲ᐜゎ᫂࡟ࡣ
⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊ&X ᯒฟᙉ໬ࢆᙉᗘ㺃㠌ᛶࡢ୧㠃࠿ࡽ᭱኱㝈࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊ
ᮏ◊✲࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࢼࣀࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ㟁Ꮚศගᆺ㟁㢧࠾ࡼࡧ㧗ศゎ⬟㏱㐣ᆺ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆ⏝࠸
ࡓᯒฟᙉ໬࡟᭷ຠ࡞ᚤ⣽ &X ᯒฟ≀ࡢほᐹᡭἲࢆᇶ࡟ࠊ୍ᒙࡢ⢭⦓໬ࢆ┠ᣦࡋᯒฟᙉ໬ᶵ
ᵓࡢ඲ᐜࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡣ౫↛ṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ)H&X ྜ㔠⣔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎ᫂ࡋࡓ᫬ຠฎ⌮᫬࠾ࡼࡧணࡦࡎࡳ௜ຍ᫬ࡢ &X ᯒ
ฟࢧ࢖ࢺ㸦㌿఩ࠊ✵Ꮝ࡞࡝㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱ぢࢆࠊࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ྜ㔠⣔࡬Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ;
⥺ᅇᢡἲࡸ㝧㟁Ꮚᾘ⁛ἲ࡞࡝ࡢ㧗ᗘ໬◊✲ࡀ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᐇ⏝Ⅳ⣲㗰㸦)H&0Q&X㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㔞⏘໬ᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿ࡜࡜
ࡶ࡟ࠊ⤖ᬗ⢏ᚤ⣽໬࡟ࡼࡿᪧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ⢏⏺೫ᯒ &X పῶ࠾ࡼࡧ &X ᯒฟ≧ែࡢ㐺ṇ
໬࡟ࡼࡿ⪏Ỉ⣲⬤໬≉ᛶࡢᨵၿࢆ┠ᣦࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦࢖⢏⏺࣭⏺㠃ᵓ㐀ไᚚᢏ⾡
㉸⣽⢏⤌⧊ᙧᡂࡢᣦᑟཎ⌮࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆ⤊⤖ࡋࠊ&X ῧຍ㗰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉸ᚤ⣽⢏⤌⧊ᙧ
ᡂ࡜ &X ࢼࣀᯒฟࡢ୧❧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⛣ࡋࠊᅽᘏ࡞࡝ࡢᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾᙉᗘ࡜ᘏᛶࡢ
ࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡟ඃࢀࡓ &X ࢼࣀᯒฟ㉸ᚤ⣽⢏㗰๰〇ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸵㸬㸰 ィ⟬⛉Ꮫ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢయ⣔໬
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㗰ࡢୗ㒊⤌⧊ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ➼ ᫬ຠࠊ㐃⥆෭༷࡟࠾ࡅࡿ &X ࡢᯒฟࣔࢹࣝࢆ
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